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第一篇：河流分類的意義和原則

河流分類的意義和原則

幅員廣闊、河流眾多的國家，不可能在短期內對其全部河流進行觀測，但是，發展經濟的規劃、設計卻迫切需要河流水位、流量變化和水溫動態方面的數據。在某一地區內，影響河流特征的氣候、土壤、地質地貌條件大致相同，故河流存在著一定程度的相似性。在不同地區內，影響河流特征的各種條件差別很大，河流水文要素的變化規律當然不一樣。因此，可以根據現有的河流水文資料進行綜合分析，將其要素變化相似的河流，劃歸一個類型。當規劃設計某一缺乏資料的河流時，就可用同類河流的水文變化規律作為參證。

河流分類的原則如下：1）以河流的水源作為河流最重要的典型標志，按照氣候條件對河流進行分類；2）根據徑流的水源和最大徑流發生季節來劃分；3）根據徑流年內分配的均勻程度來劃分；4）根據徑流的季節變化，按河流月平均流量過程線的動態來劃分；5）根據河槽的穩定性來劃分；6）根據河流及流域的氣候、地貌、水源、水量、水情、河床變化等綜合因素來劃分。

第二篇：原規劃指導思想和意義

一、“創模”的必要性和重大意義

通過“創模”活動，認真踐行科學發展觀，加快資源型城市經濟轉型和結構調整，加大城市環境保護力度，改善城市環境質量，提高城市環境管理水平，能夠實現環境保護與經濟同步可持續發展，促進環境優化經濟增長；通過淘汰落后產能和工藝，治理污染，實現結構調整轉型，實現企業新跨越，全面推進傳統的資源枯竭型城市向綠色現代化城市邁進；能夠改善環境，建設宜居城市，提高人民的幸福指數。能夠推動深化環保工作，實現環保生態建設新跨越。具體體現在：第一，“創模”有利于促進社會、經濟、環境協調和可持續發展。國家環保模范城市可以提高城市形象，是擴大開放，吸引外資重要的基礎條件，是城市的無形資產，是吸引更多的投資者來溪投資，促進經濟建設的重要載體。第二，“創模”有利于增大城市的環境容量，增加城市自然生態系統的承載力，為全市經濟、社會的發展提供更大的環境空間。第三，“創模”有利于提高城市環境質量，改善生活環境，提高生活質量，提高人民群眾的幸福指數。第四，“創模”有利于環境保護工作全面深化和拓展。通過“創模”，能夠進一步激發全市人民參與環境保護的熱情，調動全社會各方面力量共同參與環境保護工作。第五，“創模”有利于促進城市環境基礎設施建設，提高污染綜合控制能力和環境保護監管能力，增強城市生態環境功能。綜上所述，“創模”不僅對加快推進“三都五城”建設是十分必要的，而且對促進本溪市經濟、社會、環境協調發展全面建設新本溪具有深遠的歷史意義。

二、指導思想

以鄧小平理論和“三個代表”重要思想為指導，認真踐行科學發展觀，以創建環境保護模范城市為目標，以環境優化經濟增長促進社會發展，加快資源型城市經濟轉型和結構調整，加大城市環境保護力度，改善城市環境質量，提高城市環境管理水平，進一步提升人民群眾幸福指數，全面促進經濟、社會、環境協調和可持續發展，努力把本溪建設成經濟發達、社會祥和、環境優美、人與自然和諧的生態宜居城市。

第三篇：建設項目分類意義

班級：交通C092班姓名：石小英學號：096981

公路工程基本建設項目的劃分及其意義？

一、建設項目是由許多部分組成的，依次可以劃分為：建設項目、單項工程、單位工程、分部工程和分項工程。

1、建設項目

建設項目又稱基本建設項目，能獨立發揮生產功能或滿足生活需要，其項目建議書經批準立項和可行性研究報告經批準的建設任務。如交通基礎設施中的一條公路，一座獨立大、中型橋梁或一座隧道等均為一個建設項目。

2、單項工程

單項工程又稱為工程項目，它是建設項目的組成部分，是具有獨立的設計文件，在竣工后能獨立發揮設計規定的生產能力或效益的工程。公路建設的單項工程一般指獨立的橋梁工程、隧道工程，這些工程一般包括與已有公路的接線，建成后可以獨立發揮交通功能。但一條路線中的橋梁或隧道，在整個路線未修通前，并不能發揮交通功能，也就不能作為一個單項工程。

3、單位工程

單位工程是單項工程的組成部分，它是指單項工程中可單獨進行設計，可以獨立組織施工，并可單獨作為成本計算對象的部分。公路建設項目一條公路中把一段路線作為一個單項工程，其中各個路段的路基、路面、橋梁、隧道都可作為單位工程。

4、分部工程

在公路建設工程中，分部工程的確定是在工程項目界定的范圍內，以工程部位、工程結構和施工工藝為依據，并考慮在工程建設實施過程中便于進行工程結算和經濟核算的方便。如按工程部位劃分為路基工程、路面工程、橋涵工程等，按工程結構和施工工藝劃分為土石方工程、混凝土工程、砌筑工程等。

5、分項工程

分項工程是分部工程的組成部分，是根據分部工程劃分的原則，再進一步將分部工程分成若干個分項工程。它是概預算定額的基本計量單位，故也稱為工程定額子目或稱工程細目。如路基土石方分為松土、軟石等各類土石成分，基礎砌石分為片石、塊石等

二、公路工程項目劃分的意義

在工程施工階段，施工單位應依據已劃分好的分項工程按基本要求、實測項目和外觀鑒定進行自查，按“分項工程質量檢驗評定表”提交真實、完整的自查資料，對工程質量進行自我評分、并及時進行分部項目工程質量評定，要完成一個分部工程就評定一個分部工程。監理單位應及時對施工單位已完成的分項工程進行抽查并檢查施工單位的質量保證施工質量保證資料，及時對分項工程和分部工程進行評定，并進行計量支付。

工程竣工后，施工單位應及時進行單位工程評定和建設項目評定。監理單位應對工程整體驗收后進行單位工程和建設項目的評定，要對施工自查資料進行簽認和評分，寫出評述報告，報監理部門備案。質量監督部門根據抽查資料和確認的施工自查資料以及監理工程師的質量管理資料對工程質量進行逐級評定，并作為交、竣工驗收評定質量等級的依據。

第四篇：連接詞的意義分類

連接詞的意義分類

表遞進moreover, in addition, what is morel furthermore, also, then, besides, etc.表轉折however, nevertheless, on the other hand, on the contrary, etc.表層次on the one hand,...on the other hand;first,...second,...finally;表強調firstly,...secondly,...finally...;first,...then...etc.表強調in fact, indeed, actually, as a matter of fact, obviously, apparently, 表結果evidently, first of all, undoubtedly, without any shadow of doubt, etc.表結尾therefore, as a result, then, consequently, accordingly, thus, etc.表例舉in a word, in conclusion, therefore, in short, to sum up, etc.表強調still, Indeed, apparently, oddly enough, of course, after all, significantly, interestingly, also, above all, surely, certainly, undoubtedly, in any case, anyway, above all, in fact, especially.Obviously, clearly.表比較like, similarly, likewise, in the same way, in the same manner, equally.表對比by contrast, on the contrary, while, whereas, on the other hand, unlike, instead, but, conversely, different from, however, nevertheless, otherwise, whereas, unlike, yet, in contrast.表列舉for example, for instance, such as, take...for example.Except(for), to illustrate.表時間later, next, then, finally, at last, eventually, meanwhile, from now on, at the same time, for the time being, in the end, immediately, in the meantime, in the meanwhile, recently, soon, now and then, during, nowadays, since, lately, as soon as, afterwards, temporarily, earlier, now, after a while.first after a few days eventually at that time in the meantime meanwhile afterward from then on

表順序first, second, third, then, finally, to begin with, first of all, in the first place, last, next, above all, last but not the least, first and most important.表可能presumably, probably, perhaps.表解釋in other words, in fact, as a matter of fact, that is, namely, in simpler terms.表遞進What is more, in addition, and, besides, also, furthermore, too, moreover, furthermore, as well as, additionally, again.表讓步although, after all, in spite of..., despite, even if, even though, though, admittedly, whatever may happen.表轉折however, rather than, instead of, but, yet, on theother hand, unfortunately.whereas 表原因for this reason, due to, thanks to, because, because of, as, since, owing to.表結果as a result, thus, hence, so, therefore, accordingly, consequently, as consequence.表總結on the whole, in conclusion, in a word, to sum up, in brief, in summary, to conclude, to

summarize, in short.其他類型連接詞

Mostly, occasionally, currently, naturally, mainly, exactly, evidently, frankly, commonly, for this purpose, to a large extent, for most of us, in many cases, in this case，表空間near to far from in the front of beside behind to the right to the left on the other side of 表舉例 for example to name a few, say , such as 表遞進in addition furthermore what’s more what’s worse 表對比whereas while as opposed to by contrast by comparison

表示時間與頻率的詞匯:in general, every, some, after, on the whole, usually, most, at other times, in most cases, frequently, main, finally, as a rule, rarely, before, meanwhile.表示附加的詞:additionally, as well as, just as, again, along with, also, further, furthermore, likewise, in the same manner, in the same way, in addition to，引出例子:for example, namely, for instance, as an example, that is

表示轉折:although, instead, rather than, but, nevertheless, though, however, on the other hand, otherwise 得出結論:all in all, in consequence, in brief, as a result, the point is, in conclusion, therefore, hence, in sum.表示增加的過渡詞：also，and，and then，too，in addition，furthermore，moreover，again，on top ofthat，another，first second third等。

表示時間順序的過渡詞：now，then，before，after，afterwards，earlier，lat-r，immediately，soon，next，in afew days，gradually，suddenly，finally等。

表示空間順序的過渡詞：near（to），far（from），in frontof，behind，beside，eyond，above，below，tothe right left，around，outside等。表示比較的過渡詞：in thesameway，justlike，justas等。

表示對照的過渡詞：but，still，yet，however，on theotherhand，onthecon-ary，in spite of，even though等。

表示結果和原因的過渡詞：because，since，so，as a result，therefore，hen，thus，otherwise等。

表示目的的過渡詞：forthisreason，forthispurpose，so that等。

表示強調的過渡詞：in fact，indeed，surely，necessarily，certainly，withoutnydoubt，truly，torepeat，aboveall，mostimportant等。

表示解釋說明的過渡詞：forexample，in fact，in thiscase，foractually等。

表示總結的過渡詞：finally，atlast，inconclusion，asIhaveshown，inoth-rword，in brief，in short，in general，on the whole，ashasbeen stated等增補(Addition)

in addition, furthermore, again, also, besides, moreover, what’s more, similarly, next, finally.比較(Comparison)in the same way, likewise, similarly, equally, in comparison, just as

對照(Contrast)whereas, in contrast, on the other hand, instead, however, nevertheless, unlike, even though, on the contrary, while

因果(Cause and effect)because, because of, for, since, due to, owing to, thanks to, as a result(of), accordingly, hence, so, thus

強調(Emphasis)certainly, above all, indeed, of course, surely, actually, as a matter of fact, chiefly, especially, primarily, in particular, undoubtedly, absolutely, most important 6.讓步(Concession)although, though, after all, in spite of, nevertheless, still, provided, while it is true....7.例證(Exemplification)for example, for instance, that is, namely, such as, in other words, in this case, by way of illustration.總結(Conclusion)to sum up, to conclude, in a word, in short, in brief, all in all, in all, to put it in a nutshell, in summary

推斷(Inference)therefore, as a result(of), consequently, accordingly, so, otherwise

時間和空間(Time and space)afterward, after, first, later, then, soon, outside, near, beyound, above, below, on the right(left), in the middle, opposite, in front of 表示羅列增加（遞進）first, second, third, firstly, secondly, thirdly, first, then / next, after that / next, finally / last / last but not least, and equally important, on(the)one hand…, on the other hand…, besides

what'more / in addition(to sth.)/ furthermore / moreover / another / also / too, plus, as well, especially / particularly / in particular 表示時間順序

now, at present, recently, after, afterwards, after that, after a while, in a few days, at first, at the beginning(of sth.), to begin with, to start with

later, next, finally, immediately, soon, suddenly = all of a sudden, at that moment, as soon as, the moment…, form now on, from then on, gradually

at the same time = meanwhile, till, not…until, before, after, when, while, as, during 表示解釋說明

now, in addition, for example, for instance, in this case, in fact / as a matter of fact / actually, frankly speaking, in other words, in simpler terms, that is to say, to put it differently 表示轉折關系

but, however, while, though, yet, still, nevertheless, or, otherwise, on the contrary / on the other hand, in spite of… / despite the fact that…, even though, except(for), instead, in stead of, of course, after all, even so 表示并列關系

or, and, also, too, not only … but also…, as well as, both… and…, either …or…, neither…nor… 表示因果關系

原因：because, because of = thanks to… = due to… = owing to…, since = now that, as, for，結果：so, therefore, thus, hence, as a result(of), on this / that account, so…that, such…that, in this way 表示條件關系

as(so)long as, on condition that, if, unless 表示讓步關系

though，although，as，even if，even though，whether …or…，however，whoever, whatever, whichever, wherever, whenever, no matter how(who, what, which, where)表示舉例

for example, for instance, such as…, like…, take… for example 表示比較

be similar to, similarly, the same as, in contrast, compared with(to)…, just like 表示目的

for this reason, for this purpose, so that, in order that, in order to, so as to, 表示強調

indeed, in fact, surely, certainly, no doubt, without any doubt, truly, obviously, above all 表示概括歸納

in a word, in short, in brief, in summary, on the whole, generally speaking, in general, in my opinion, as far as I am concerned, as what has been mentioned, to sum up, to conclude, in conclusion 表示“尤有進者”的意思：

Again, also, then, besides, further, furthermore, moreover, next, in addition等，如：

But, however, still, yet, after all, for all that, in spite of, on the contrary, on the other hand等，如：

③ Jim is intelligent but lazy.④ Singapore is not a big country.On the contrary, it is very small.表示“困果關系”： Therefore, so, hence, thus, accordingly, consequently, as a result 等，如：

⑤ Some people are over-ambitious.As a result, they are usually unhappy.⑥ Tom did not work hard;hence, he failed.表示“比較關系”：

Likewise, similarly, in a like manner 等，如：

⑦ You cannot writes without a pen.Likewise, you cannot cook without rice.⑧ No one is allowed to speak Mandarin in an English class.Similarly, no one is allowed to speak English in a Mandarin class.表示“舉例示范”：

For example, in other words, for instance, that is 等，如：

⑨ There are some common errors in his composition.For instance, it is wrong to use “he” to replace “the queen”.表示“結束”：

To sum up, in brief, in short, on the whole, to conclude 等，如：

⑩ Some say Singapore is a nice place to live in.Others say it is not so nice.It is too competitive.In short, some like Singapore;some do not.并列關系

and, furthermore, more than that, also, likewise, moreover, in addition, what is more, for instance, for example 轉折關系

although, however, on the contrary, but, in spite of, nevertheless, yet, otherwise, despite 順序關系

first, second, third, and so on, then, after, before, next 因果關系

as a result, for, thus, because, for this reason, so, therefore, as, since, consequently, on account of 歸納關系

as a result, finally, therefore, accordingly, in short, thus, consequently, in conclusion, so, in brief, in a word 幾個用得比較多的句子：

As far as I am concerned, the advantages of … outweigh its disadvantages.Nevertheless, the disadvantages of … is undeniable.To sum up/ In general/ On the whole/ In brief/ In short/ In a word, it is true that … bring about both positive and negative results.But we can try our best to reduce the negative influence to the least extent.Obviously, in every aspect, …

This diagram unfolds a clear comparison between…and…

As to the other three, though the growth rates were not so high, they were indeed remarkable and impressive.表層進表舉例表解釋表總結表強調表讓步表比較表轉折表時間表層進

first, firstly to begin with second, secondly to start with third, thirdly what’s more also and then and equally important besides in addition further in the first place still furthermore last last but not the least next besides too moreover finally 2.表舉例

for example for instance to illustrate as an illustration after all

3.表解釋

as a matter of fact frankly speaking in this case namely in other words

4.表總結

in summary in a word in brief in conclusion to conclude in fact indeed in short in other words of course it is true specially namely in all that is to summarize thus as has been said altogether in other words finally in simpler terms in particular that is

on the whole to put it differently therefore

5.表強調

of course indeed above all most important emphasis certainly in fact 6.表讓步

still nevertheless in spite of all the same even so after all

concession granted naturally of course

7.表比較

in comparison likewise similarly equally however likewise in the same way

8.表轉折

by contrast although at the same time but in contrast nevertheless notwithstanding on the contrary on the other hand otherwise regardless still though yet despite the fact that even so even though for all that however in spite of instead

9.表時間

meanwhile moreover next now presently second shortly simultaneously since so far soon still subsequently then thereafter too until until now when

總結關系過渡詞語

in general, to some extent, in my view, as for me, as far as I am concerned, obviously, in brief, on the whole 比較對比關系過渡詞語

similarly, on the contrary, on the one hand, on the other hand, otherwise, in sharp contrast, but, however, yet, nevertheless 列舉關系過渡詞語

as a case in point, such as, first of all, to begin with, furthermore, besides, in addition, for one thing, for another 因果關系過渡詞語

because(of), since, for, owing to, thanks to, as a result of, consequently, for the reason that, therefore, hence 讓步關系過渡詞語

although, even though, in spite of, despite 強調關系過渡詞語

surely, obviously, particularly, in deed, needless to say, most important of all 遞進關系

in addition, also, moreover, besides，what's more 時間順序

immediately, meanwhile, presently, shortly, since, soon, temporarily, while 方式手段

as, as if, the way，by 目的關系 so that, lest，in order that 1)表層次:

first,firstly, to begin with, further, in the first place second,secondly, to start with, still, furthermore third,thirdly, what is more, last, last but not least also, and then, next, besides and equally important too moreover besides in addtion finally 2)表轉折；

by contrast although though yet

at the same time but despitethe fact that even so in contrast nevertheless even though for all that notwithstanding on the contarary however in spite of on the other hand otherwise instead still regardless 3)表因果；

therfore consequently because of for the reason thus hence due to owing to

so accordingly thanks to on this account since as on that account in this way for as a result as a consequence 4）表讓步：

still nevertheless concession granted naturally in spite of all the same of course despite even so after all 5)表遞近：

furthermore moreover likewise what is more besides also not only...but also...too in addtion 6)表舉例：

for example for instance for one thing that is to illustrate as an illustration a case in point 7)表解釋：

as a matter of fact frankly speaking in this case namely in other words 8)表總結：

in summary in a word thus as has been said in brief in conclusion altogether in other words to conclude in fact finally in simpler terms indeed in short in particular that is

in other words of course on the whole to put it differently namely in all therefore to summarize

表并列補充關系: what is more, besides, also, as well, moreover, furthermore, in addition

表轉折對比關系: but, however, yet, instead, on the other hand, on the contrary, although, different from, in contrast to, despite, in spite of, whereas, un?, nevertheless, not only...but also, here...there, years ago...today, this...that, the former...the latter, then...now, the first...whereas the second, once...now, on the one hand...on the other , some...others 表因果關系: since, as, because（of）, for, so, thus, therefore, as a result, so that 表條件關系: if, on the condition（that）, as long as, unless, or else

表時間關系: when, after, before, until, as soon as, later, afterwards, soon, lately, recently, since, from then on, eventually, in the meantime, then, suddenly, at the same time, next, early this morning/year/after an interval, now, after, presently, later, after?somewhat later, finally, at last, all of a sudden

表特定的順序關系: above all, first of all, firstly, first, secondly, the , next, finally, in the end, at last 表換一種方式表達: in other words, that is to say, to put it another way 表舉例說明: for instance, for example, like, such as

表陳述事實: in fact, actually, as a matter of fact, to tell you the truth

表總結: on the whole, in short, all in all, general, in a word, in conclusion, in closing, in summary

第五篇：連接詞的意義分類

連接詞的意義分類

表遞進 moreover, in addition, what is more，furthermore, also, then, besides, etc.表轉折 however, nevertheless, on the other hand, on the contrary, etc.表層次 on the one hand,...on the other hand;first,...second,...finally;表強調 firstly,...secondly,...finally...;first,...then...etc.表強調 in fact, indeed, actually, as a matter of fact, obviously, apparently, 表結果 evidently, first of all, undoubtedly, without any shadow of doubt, etc.表結尾 therefore, as a result, then, consequently, accordingly, thus, etc.表例舉 in a word, in conclusion, therefore, in short, to sum up, etc.表強調 still, Indeed, apparently, oddly enough, of course, after all, significantly, interestingly, also, above all, surely, certainly, undoubtedly, in any case, anyway, above all, in fact, especially.Obviously, clearly.表比較 like, similarly, likewise, in the same way, in the same manner, equally.表對比 by contrast, on the contrary, while, whereas, on the other hand, unlike, instead, but, conversely, different from, however, nevertheless, otherwise, whereas, unlike, yet, in contrast.表列舉 for example, for instance, such as, take...for example.Except(for), to illustrate.表時間 later, next, then, finally, at last, eventually, meanwhile, from now on, at the same time, for the time being, in the end, immediately, in the meantime, in the meanwhile, recently, soon, now and then, during, nowadays, since, lately, as soon as, afterwards, temporarily, earlier, now, after a while.first after a few days eventually at that time in the meantime meanwhile afterward from then on 表順序 first, second, third, then, finally, to begin with, first of all, in the first place, last, next, above all, last but not the least, first and most important.表可能 presumably, probably, perhaps.表解釋 in other words, in fact, as a matter of fact, that is, namely, in simpler terms.表遞進 What is more, in addition, and, besides, also, furthermore, too, moreover, furthermore, as well as, additionally, again.表讓步 although, after all, in spite of..., despite, even if, even though, though, admittedly, whatever may happen.表轉折 however, rather than, instead of, but, yet, on the other hand, unfortunately.whereas 表原因 for this reason, due to, thanks to, because, because of, as, since, owing to.表結果 as a result, thus, hence, so, therefore, accordingly, consequently, as consequence.表總結 on the whole, in conclusion, in a word, to sum up, in brief, in summary, to conclude, to summarize, in short.其他類型連接詞

Mostly, occasionally, currently, naturally, mainly, exactly, evidently, frankly, commonly, for this purpose, to a large extent, for most of us, in many cases, in this case, 表空間 near to far from in the front of beside behind to the right to the left on the other side of 表舉例 for example to name a few, say , such as 表遞進 in addition furthermore what’s more what’s worse 表對比 whereas while as opposed to by contrast by comparison 表示時間與頻率的詞匯: in general, every, some, after, on the whole, usually, most, at other times, in most cases, frequently, main, finally, as a rule, rarely, before, meanwhile.表示附加的詞: additionally, as well as, just as, again, along with, also, further, furthermore, likewise, in the same manner, in the same way, in addition to, 引出例子: for example, namely, for instance, as an example, that is 表示轉折: although, instead, rather than, but, nevertheless, though, however, on the other hand, otherwise 得出結論: all in all, in consequence, in brief, as a result, the point is, in conclusion, therefore, hence, in sum.表示增加的過渡詞：also，and，and then，too，in addition，furthermore，moreover，again，on top of that，another，first second third等。

表示時間順序的過渡詞：now，then，before，after，afterwards，earlier，later，immediately，soon，next，in a few days，gradually，suddenly，finally等。

表示空間順序的過渡詞：near（to），far（from），in front of，behind，beside，beyond，above，below，to the right（left），around，outside等。

表示比較的過渡詞：in the same way，just like，just as等。

表示對照的過渡詞：but，still，yet，however，on the other hand，on the contrary，in spite of，even though等。

表示結果和原因的過渡詞：because，since，so，as a result，therefore，hence，thus，otherwise等。

表示目的的過渡詞：for this reason，for this purpose，so that等。

表示強調的過渡詞：in fact，indeed，surely，necessarily，certainly，without any doubt，truly，to repeat，above all，most important等。

表示解釋說明的過渡詞：for example，in fact，in this case，for actually等。

表示總結的過渡詞：finally，at last，in conclusion，as I have shown，in other word，in brief，in short，in general，on the whole，as has been stated等增補(Addition)in addition, furthermore, again, also, besides, moreover, what’s more, similarly, next, finally.比較(Comparison)in the same way, likewise, similarly, equally, in comparison, just as 對照(Contrast)whereas, in contrast, on the other hand, instead, however, nevertheless, unlike, even though, on the contrary, while 因果(Cause and effect)because, because of, for, since, due to, owing to, thanks to, as a result(of), accordingly, hence, so, thus 強調(Emphasis)certainly, above all, indeed, of course, surely, actually, as a matter of fact, chiefly, especially, primarily, in particular, undoubtedly, absolutely, most important 6.讓步(Concession)although, though, after all, in spite of, nevertheless, still, provided, while it is true....7.例證(Exemplification)for example, for instance, that is, namely, such as, in other words, in this case, by way of illustration.總結(Conclusion)to sum up, to conclude, in a word, in short, in brief, all in all, in all, to put it in a nut shell, in summary 推斷(Inference)therefore, as a result(of), consequently, accordingly, so, otherwise 時間和空間(Time and space)afterward, after, first, later, then, soon, outside, near, beyond, above, below, on the right(left), in the middle, opposite, in front of 表示羅列增加（遞進）

first, second, third, firstly, secondly, thirdly, first, then / next, after that / next, finally / last / last but not least, and equally important, on(the)one hand…, on the other hand…, besides / what’s more / in addition(to sth.)/ furthermore / moreover / another / also / too, plus, as well, especially / particularly / in particular 表示時間順序

now, at present, recently, after, afterwards, after that, after a while, in a few days, at first, at the beginning(of sth.), to begin with, to start with later, next, finally, immediately, soon, suddenly = all of a sudden, at that moment, as soon as, the moment…, form now on, from then on, gradually

at the same time = meanwhile, till, not…until, before, after, when, while, as, during 表示解釋說明

or, and, also, too, not only … but also…, as well as, both… and…, either …or…, neither…nor… 表示因果關系

原因：because, because of = thanks to… = due to… = owing to…, since = now that, as, for, 結果：so, therefore, thus, hence, as a result(of), on this / that account, so…that, such…that, in this way 表示條件關系