第一篇：2013中譯英范文

黃浦區(qū)

1.2.3.4.5.1.2.3.4.這個故事激勵年輕人為更美好的生活奮斗。(inspire）時光飛逝，尤其當(dāng)你聚精會神地讀一本好書時。（absorb）安全系統(tǒng)不會允許你進(jìn)入大樓，除非你有正確的密碼。(unless)我從未想到過會在機(jī)場遇到多年未曾謀面的老朋友。(It)無用信息的傳播會對人類社會產(chǎn)生不利影響的事實(shí)已經(jīng)引起公眾的注意。（that） The story inspires/inspired the youth /young people to struggle/strive for a better life.Time passes/flies quickly, especially when you are absorbed in reading a good book.The security system will not permit/allow you to enter the building unless you have the correct password.It never occurred to me that I would meet my old friend(who/whom)I hadn’t seen for quite a few years at the

airport.5.The fact that the spread of useless information can have a bad effect on human society has attracted the

attention/awareness of the public.楊浦區(qū)（第一次學(xué)業(yè)調(diào)研）

1.2.3.4.5.1.2.3.4.5.記得要學(xué)與思相結(jié)合。(combine)黨號召官員們提高效率，避免浪費(fèi)。(call)人們保護(hù)個人信息的意識有待提高。(remain)開發(fā)清潔的公共交通是被廣泛認(rèn)可的改善空氣質(zhì)量的好方法。(recognize)這位總統(tǒng)一直為緩慢的經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇和諸多外交事務(wù)的挑戰(zhàn)憂心忡忡，但至今仍束手無策。(worry) Remember to combine learning with thinking.The Party calls on officials to increase efficiency and avoid waste.People’s awareness of personal information protection remains to be raised.Developing clean public transportation is widely recognized as a good way to improve air quality.The president has been worrying about the slow economic recovery and many challenges in foreign affairs, but so

far he hasn’t found a way out.浦東新區(qū)

1.2.3.4.5.他下定決心要實(shí)現(xiàn)抱負(fù)。(determine)居民們都希望有朝一日能更方便地享受圖書館的優(yōu)質(zhì)服務(wù)。（access）老師的贊賞給了我很大的鼓舞，這對一名學(xué)生而言非常寶貴。（which）接完電話，他既沒關(guān)門也沒關(guān)燈就匆匆忙忙離開了辦公室。（with）實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果與我們所期望的大相徑庭，但我們相信探索越多，就越可能成功。（likely）

1.He is determined to realize/accomplish/achieve/fulfill his ambition.2.Residents all hope that they can have easy assess to the quality service of libraries one day(some day).3.The teacher’s compliment(s)gave me(filled me with)a great encouragement(inspiration), which is so precious for a

student.4.Having answered the phone, he left the office in a hurry with the door open and the light(s)on.5.The result of the experiment is totally different(contrary to)from what we have expected, but we believe(that)the

more we explore, the more likely we are to/will succeed.徐匯區(qū)、松江區(qū)、金山區(qū)

1.2.3.4.5.這三天的社會實(shí)踐讓我們受益匪淺。（benefit）令我們寬慰的是，政府正在采取措施改善我們的住房條件。(relief)盡管困難重重，他從未放棄過成為一名優(yōu)秀建筑師的愿望。（desire）第一次看Gangnam Style的時候，其生動的節(jié)奏，富有創(chuàng)意的舞蹈，給我留下了深刻的印象。（The first time）一些大城市的空氣正日益惡化，這應(yīng)該讓我們警覺到：環(huán)保意識的缺乏已讓市民付出了健康的代價。(alert)

1.We benefited a lot from the three-day social practice./ The three-day social practice benefited us a lot.2.To our relief, the government is taking measures/action to improve our housing conditions.3.Despite many difficulties / In spite of many difficulties, he never gave up his desire to become /be an excellent /

outstanding / a distinguished architect.4.The first time I watched Gangnam Style, I was deeply impressed by its lively rhythm and creative dance./ its lively

rhythm and creative dance impressed me a lot / deeply / greatly.5.The air quality in some big cities is getting / becoming from bad to worse, which should alert us(to the fact)that the

lack of environmental awareness has come at the expense of the health of the citizens./ the lack of environmental awareness(lacking environmental awareness)has cost the citizens their health./...that the citizens have paid(high)price for the lack of environmental awareness.閔行區(qū)

1.2.3.4.5.1.2.3.4.5.(worth)這孩子年齡太小，無法應(yīng)對這么復(fù)雜的局面。(too...to...)當(dāng)我心情不佳時，我常聽聽音樂來去除煩惱。(mood)經(jīng)過熱烈討論，我們一致同意再為那所小學(xué)捐贈一臺電腦。(agree)事實(shí)證明網(wǎng)絡(luò)購物存在風(fēng)險，因此下定單之前一定要深思熟慮。(exist) electronic dictionary worth buying?The child is too young to deal with such complicated situation.When I am in a bad mood, I often listen to music to remove troubles.After a heated discussion, we all agreed to donate another computer for the primary school.Evidence has proved that risks exist in on-line shopping, so you have to think carefully before you place an order.虹口區(qū)

1.2.3.4.5.你很有可能在這次考試中取得好成績。(likely)每天攝入太多的鹽和糖會對人體的健康造成嚴(yán)重的損害。(take in)汽油價格的不斷上漲對人民的生活和國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展產(chǎn)生了很大的影響。(affect)迄今雖說屢屢采取嚴(yán)控措施，但絕大多數(shù)人仍然覺得難以承擔(dān)目前的高房價。(though)他向經(jīng)理保證，一經(jīng)錄用，他會竭盡所能為公司服務(wù)，絕不辜負(fù)公司的期望并為自己的理想打拼。(assure)

1.You are most likely to achieve good results in this examination./ It’s most likely that you will achieve good results

in this examination.2.Taking in too much salt and sugar every day will / may cause serious damage to people’s health./ It will / may

cause serious damage to people’s health if they take in too much salt and sugar every day.3.The constant / continuous rise in gasoline prices / That the prices of gasoline went up / rose constantly /

continuously has greatly affected the people’s life and the development of the country’s economy.4.Though severe / strict control measures have been taken repeatedly / again and again by now / up to now, the vast

majority of people / most people still feel / find it difficult / hard to afford the current high housing prices.5.He assured the manager that if / once(he was)appointed / accepted, he would do his best to work for / serve the

company, live up to the expectation of the company and strive for his own ideal.奉賢區(qū)

1.2.3.4.5.我們應(yīng)積極參加各種各樣的課外活動。(variety)公司在意的不是員工的長相，而是他們的工作表現(xiàn)。(care)記住，你的父母也曾經(jīng)年少，大多數(shù)情況下他們能理解你正在經(jīng)歷的事情。(what)充足的鍛煉、健康的飲食、規(guī)律的作息對保持最佳考試狀態(tài)至關(guān)重要。(key)黃浦江被污染后，政府采取了許多有效的措施以改善水質(zhì)，這使公眾很滿意。(improve)

1.We should take an active part in a variety of out-of-class activities.2.What a company cares about is not the employees’ appearance, but their job performance.3.Remember that your parents were teenagers once and that, in most cases, they can understand what you’re going

through.4.Adequate exercise, healthy eating/a healthy diet and regular sleep are the key to staying in top shape for exams.5.After the Huangpu River was polluted, the government has taken many effective measures to improve the quality of

the water, which has greatly satisfied the public.靜安區(qū)、楊浦區(qū)、寶山區(qū)、青浦區(qū)

1.2.3.4.5.1.2.3.4.5.許多駕駛員對新的交通法規(guī)都感到不習(xí)慣。(use)傳統(tǒng)的火車票購買方式已經(jīng)被網(wǎng)絡(luò)購買方式所取代了。(replace)過不了幾天他們就會把面試結(jié)果寄給你的。(It)我們非常關(guān)心食品質(zhì)量，因?yàn)樗c每一個人的健康都息息相關(guān)。(concern)那些消防戰(zhàn)士冒著生命危險把困在著火的屋子里的老人和小孩全部救了出來。（trap） Many drivers don’t get used to the new traffic rules.The traditional way of buying train tickets has already been replaced by the one through the Internet.It won’t be a few days before they mail you the result about the interview.We are all concerned about the food quality because it is closely related to everyone’s health.Those firefighters risked their life to successfully rescue all the old and children trapped in the burning house.普陀區(qū)

1.2.3.4.5.1.2.3.4.5.我們昨晚沒有回家作業(yè)。(free)為了紀(jì)念這位戰(zhàn)士，將舉辦一場音樂會。(memory)能否充分利用能源是科學(xué)家所面對的重要問題。(use)聽說他的幽默感為英語節(jié)開幕式平添了一份快樂。(add）對語言學(xué)習(xí)者來說，接觸英文材料并養(yǎng)成好的習(xí)慣能提高學(xué)習(xí)效率。(expose) We were free from homework last night.In memory of the soldier, a concert will be held.Whether energy can be made good use of is an important problem scientists have faced.It was said that his sense of humor had added to happiness of the opening ceremony of English festival.For language learners, being exposed to English materials and developing good habits can enhance learning

efficiency.閘北區(qū)

1.2.3.4.5.1.2.3.4.5.家長們越來越關(guān)注孩子的心理健康。(health)必須采取果斷措施應(yīng)對食品污染問題。(must)經(jīng)過勸說，瑪麗總算打消了去那個偏遠(yuǎn)城市安家的念頭。(idea)只要你可以上網(wǎng)，任何難題幾乎都可瞬間解決。(access)盡管生產(chǎn)商宣稱這款天然的洗發(fā)水不含任何化學(xué)成分，消費(fèi)者仍然興趣寥寥。(although) Parents pay more and more attention to children’s mental health.Decisive measures must be taken to deal with the problem of food pollution.Having been persuaded, Mary finally gave up the idea of settling down in that remote city.As long as you have access to the Internet, almost any difficult problem can be solved instantly.Although the manufacturer claimed that this kind of purely natural shampoo didn’t contain any chemicals,customers still showed little interest.長寧區(qū)、嘉定區(qū)

1.2.3.4.5.過馬路時務(wù)必要小心。（sure）聽流行音樂是我課余最愛的放松方式。（relax）是要都有副作用，這是每個人都應(yīng)該有的醫(yī)學(xué)常識。（which）那晚在觀眾席中看女兒彈鋼琴，她的父母是多么地自豪啊！（How）即便上海牌照（the license plate）的價格一路飆升，人們對私家車的需求依然如故。（remain）

1.2.3.4.5.Be sure to be careful when crossing the road.Listening to pop music is my favorite way to relax after school.All medicine has side effects, which is medical knowledge everyone should have.How proud the parents were that night when they sat in the audience watching their daughter playing the piano!Despite the soaring price of license plate in Shanghai, people’s need for private cars remain the same.

第二篇：中譯英祝福語

金玉滿堂：Treasures fill the home

生意興隆：Business flourishes

歲歲平安：Peace all year round

恭喜發(fā)財：Wishing you prosperity

和氣生財：Harmony brings wealth

心想事成：May all your wishes come true

吉祥如意：Everything goes well

國泰民安：The country flourishes and people live in peace

招財進(jìn)寶：Money and treasures will be plentiful

一帆風(fēng)順：Wishing you every success

步步高升：Promoting to a higher position

出入平安：Safe trip wherever you go

郎才女貌 talented guy and beautiful lady

天緣巧合 a destiny given by heaven and a wonderful match

天作之和 a match by heaven

心心相印 a complete meeting of minds

永結(jié)同心 to be of one mind forever

相親相愛 to be kind and love to each other

百年好合 a harmonious union lasting a hundred years

永浴愛河 bathe in a river of love forever

佳偶天成 an ideal couple

百年琴瑟 married couple for a hundred years

百年偕老(of a married couple)to stick to each other for a hundred years

花好月圓 the flowers are in full bloom, and the moon is full-ideal time for wedding福祿鴛鴦 a happy wealthy couple

天緣巧合 a destiny given by heaven and a wonderful match

美滿良緣 a happy and wonderful marriage

夫唱婦隨 the man sings, the wife follows-domestic harmony

珠聯(lián)璧合 an excellent match

鳳凰于飛 a couple of phoenixes on the wing-happy marriage

美滿家庭 a happy family

琴瑟和鳴 marital harmony;happy married life

相敬如賓(of a married couple)to respect each other as if the other were a guest

第三篇：中譯英練習(xí)

Final Examination in C-to-E Translating Practice for the Graduate Students of 2008 Class(A Take-Home Examination)

Scores:

Translate the following passages into English, using what you have learned from the related courses in this semester.Try your best to make your English versions as readable and idiomatic as possible so as to fully demonstrate your C-to-E Translating proficiency.1、“胎教”自古不新鮮

作者：郭燦金

“胎教”似乎是件新鮮事，是個新名詞。然而，我國古代就有非常完整的胎教理論，并且“胎教”這個名詞也是古人創(chuàng)造的。

中國是世界上最早提出胎教的國家。在二千多前的《黃帝內(nèi)經(jīng)》中，就有關(guān)于“胎病”的論述。《大戴禮保傅》對于胎教更作出了明確的規(guī)定：“古者胎教，王后腹之七月，而就宴室。太史持銅而御戶左，太宰持斗而御戶右。比及三月者，王后所求聲音非禮樂，則太師缊瑟而稱不習(xí)；所求滋味者非正味，則太宰依斗而言曰：不敢以待王太子。”據(jù)《史記》記載，中國古代第一個對其子進(jìn)行胎教的是周文王的母親太任，因?yàn)槭芰藝?yán)格的胎教，周文王生下來非常聰明。文王的孫子周成王也是接受過胎教之后而生，長大后也是智力超常。周朝就是這樣用胎教的方法培養(yǎng)出一代代的理想接班人。到了漢代，各種書籍中出現(xiàn)了大量胎教內(nèi)容的記載和論述，初步形成了胎教學(xué)說。宋代名醫(yī)陳自明在《婦人大全良方》就有專篇“胎教論”。賈誼《新書》也有專門的《胎教》篇。《顏氏家訓(xùn)》也記載了相關(guān)內(nèi)容：王后懷孩子三個月時，就要搬出皇宮，讓她住在別宮里，眼不看不該看的東西，耳不聽不該聽的東西，所聽音樂和所嗜口味等，都要按禮儀進(jìn)行節(jié)制。到了明代，胎教學(xué)說更進(jìn)一步完善和全面。清代陳夢雷等人把歷代胎教學(xué)說匯集一起，立為“小兒未生胎養(yǎng)門”。

古人還曾這樣總結(jié)過：“訓(xùn)子須從胎教始，端蒙必自小學(xué)初。”真可謂，“胎教”自古不新鮮。

（本文選自《讀書文摘》2009年第5期，作者署名郭燦金。建議：先查證、弄懂文中的古漢語表述的準(zhǔn)確含義之后，再行治譯。）

①foetus education，nothing new since antiquity

Author: Guo Canjin

“foetus education”, seemly a new word, something strange, actually was created by people far from ancient times with a complete set of theory of antenatal training.It is China that first put forward the idea of foetus education.Treatments on fetal disease was recorded in the book back to 2,000 years —The Yellow Emperor's Classic of Internal Medicine.The detailed prescriptions about prenatal training in Da, Sir.’s Book of Rites, Baaofu, read “ According to the ancient foetus education, the queen would be suggested to move to side-room Palace(a living place next to the room of Emperor)in her 7th month pregnancy, where Taishi(also called court historian or Grand Tutor, a formal name in ancient)holding the Tong(a kind of musical instrument)awaited the queen’s instructions beside the left of the door and meanwhile another official Taizai holding Dou(a kind of cooker, sometimes used as tableware)waited at the right of the door.In the last three months of queen’s pregnancy, Taishi would softly touch the musical instrument and pretend unfamiliar to play those pieces not living up to courtesy even though required by the queen.On the other hand, if ordered the improper menu, Taizai would not dare to cook by saying his incompetence in serving crown prince.According to Records of the Grand Historian of China, the first Chinese in ancient times taking the prenatal training was King Wen’s mother Tairen.Having been received strict antenatal training, King Wen of Zhou was born very clever.And King Wen’s grandson King Cheng of Zhou was also exceptional talent after receiving foetus education.Just in this way could Zhou dynasty educate many ideal successors generation after generation.When it came to Han Dynasty, a number of records and comments about foetus education emerging in public books initially formed the foetus education theory.In Song Dynasty, a famous doctor named Chen Ziming, wrote an essay specially for foetus education theory.In addition, JiaYi also made his article On Antenatal Training And Nursing published in New Book.Some relevant information were set down in Family Instructions of the Yan's: in the third month of queen’s pregnancy, she had to move from palace to side-room, not to see those should not see or hear those should not hear, and on matter what music queen would like to listen to or what dishes to eat, they must be performed rigorously and temperately according to proprieties.Advanced to Ming Dynasty, this theory was further improved and perfected.In Qing Dynasty, Chen Menglei and others collected those papers about foetus education in past dynasties together, titled “ An Educational Guidebook To Unborn Babies.The ancients used to make a summary as follows: child education should be started from womb and shape education direction from elementary stage.①古時候胎教，王后懷孕七個月后，就到宴室（宮殿名，側(cè)室，燕寢之旁（燕寢，古代多指帝王寢息之所）).太史(應(yīng)該是太師，古代三公之一(三公—太師、太傅、太保)，責(zé)為倫道經(jīng)邦，為太子師法）拿著銅（古代的一種樂器）侍奉在門的左邊，太宰（其職貴是輔佐君主治理國家）拿著斗（斗，一種餐具兼炊具方形，口大底小，有柄）站在右邊，最后三個月（即產(chǎn)前三個月），王后要求聽的樂曲不符合禮的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，這樣的話太師就會撫摸著樂器說自己不熟悉，不會演奏；所要求吃的滋味菜肴不是正確的，這樣的話太宰就會拿著斗不敢烹調(diào)菜肴，說自己不敢服侍王太子。

2、五·四隨想

作者：澧 人

屈指數(shù)“五四”，今年九十齡。這段歲月可不算短，期間吞沒了無數(shù)的英雄塊壘，美人情腸，真乃人活一世，草木一秋。但也有許多人雖死猶生，比如以陳獨(dú)秀、胡適和魯迅為代表的“五四”先賢們。

在“五四”一代文化人中，最具歷史影響力的人物當(dāng)數(shù)胡適和魯迅。古人云：“春者，天

①之本懷；秋者，天之別調(diào)。”將此觀點(diǎn)作一引申，胡適和魯迅，大略也可視為本懷和別調(diào)之關(guān)系。不少學(xué)者慨嘆，魯迅一生有大孤獨(dú)橫亙于心，但在我看來，就心性和稟賦而言，胡適或許比魯迅更孤獨(dú)。我們可以從嵇康、徐渭、李贄等古人身上找到魯迅的影子，但要從中國文化史上找一個胡適的前身或影子，則基本上無望。所以，理解魯迅并不比理解胡適更為困難。

魯迅棄醫(yī)從文，但終生不脫醫(yī)家的眼光。他深知中國人的靈魂病得很重，但究竟如何療救，四顧彷徨的他又苦無良策；胡適棄農(nóng)從文，卻又像農(nóng)學(xué)家那樣希望地里長出好莊稼。他帶回了新的種子，并將畢生精力耗在克服水土不服這一難題上。這是兩個為國家命運(yùn)而心力交瘁、苦惱萬分的中國人，并因?yàn)檫@種苦惱而高貴。

正值“五四”九十周年，有關(guān)民主的話題自然受到人們的關(guān)切。前不久，俞可平在《半月談》上發(fā)表文章，題為《關(guān)于民主亟待厘清的六個關(guān)系》。這篇文章最引人注目之處，在于提出“以發(fā)展民生去代替發(fā)展民主，是一種錯誤的思維”。是的，在當(dāng)下中國，阻礙民生發(fā)展的諸多問題，如財富分配不公、納稅人負(fù)擔(dān)沉重、公款消費(fèi)數(shù)量驚人、權(quán)錢交易活動猖獗、經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域壟斷色彩依然濃厚等，都非發(fā)展民主不能解決。當(dāng)然，發(fā)展民主的意義不只局限于發(fā)展民生，它還有助于人們獲得更多的自由、尊嚴(yán)和真實(shí)。人類不是單純的經(jīng)濟(jì)動物，除了企盼生活在富裕中，還希望生活在自由中，生活在尊嚴(yán)中，生活在真實(shí)中。不可侵犯的權(quán)利使人安享自由，手中握有的選票讓人活得有尊嚴(yán)感，強(qiáng)有力的輿論監(jiān)督幫助人們獲得真實(shí)的信息。

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（本文節(jié)選自《書屋》2009年第5期上的“書屋絮語”欄目，作者署名澧 人。題目是選作考試材料時加上去的。基于對學(xué)生漢譯英能力進(jìn)行測試的考慮，文字作了些許刪減。）

Random Thoughts On May Fourth Movement

Author: Li Ren

“May Fourth” has been 90 years old.90 years are long enough to kill a great many heroes’ and beauties’ hopes.It’s usually said that lives are as changeable as seasons.However, represented by Chen Duxiu, Hu Shi, and Lu Xun, a number of sages of May Fourth, still live on in spirit.Among those May Fourth intellectuals, the most influence are surely Hu Shi and Lu Xun.Ancient cloud: “Spring is the true color of the nature;autumn is just an additional emotional appeal.” Extension of this sentence means the general relationship of nature and scene between Hu Shi and Lu Xun.Many a scholar sighs with regrets that Lu Xun is lonely all through his life, nevertheless, in my opinion, from the point of temperament and endowment, maybe Hu Shi is more lonely than Lu Xun.We also can see Lu Xun’s image from Ji Kan, Xu Wei, Li Zhi and others.But it is basically in vain to look for a precursor or a figure like Hu Shi in Chinese culture.So it is not so hard to understand Lu Xun than Hu Shi.Lu Xun abandoned the study of medicine to another field of literature and looked at things in the view of a doctor.He knew very well that Chinese were badly spiritual ill but he still wondered how to find the way to cure them;on the other hand, Hu Shi shifted from the agriculture domain to writing.Like farmers who wish the land can yield good crops, Mr Hu took new seeds home and devoted his whole life to the problem of accustoming seeds to new circumstances.They are two great persons putting all their efforts on country’s destiny, eventually mentally and physically exhausted, however, becoming noble for what they are annoying.At the 90th anniversary of May Fourth Movement, undoubtedly the topic of democracy is being discussed.Not long before, Yu Keping had his one article published on China Comment titled—On six need-to-be-clarified democratic relations, the highlight of which is that it puts forward a point—it is a wrong thinking way to develop people's livelihood instead of democracy.In present China, there are actually many problems hindering the development of people’s livelihood, for instance the unjust distribution of wealth, heavy burden on taxpayers, the surprising number of misuse of public funds, rampancy of power-for-money deal, strongly monopoly of the economic field, and so on.All these can not be solved without developing democracy.It is sure that the development of democracy is not limited to the development of people’s livelihood and it also contributed to the pursuit of more freedom, dignity and benefit for people.Human beings, not merely economic animals, besides to live an affluent life, they also expect to live a free life, a life with dignity, and a real life as well.Inviolable rights enable people to enjoy their freedom so a vote in hand gives people a feeling that they live in dignity, and strong public opinion helps people get the real information.①春天才是大自然本來的面目, 秋天只是額外加出來的景象、情調(diào)

第四篇：9.11hanxiaozf中譯英(中英對照)

隨著我國社會經(jīng)濟(jì)的不斷發(fā)展，國有企業(yè)在我國經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域扮演的角色也不斷的發(fā)生變化。而S公司作為我國改革開放后成立的第一批國家級開發(fā)區(qū)的第一批區(qū)屬國有企業(yè)，其發(fā)展也進(jìn)入了新的歷史階段。在成立的近30年時間中，S公司逐步形成同時擁有十余個大小項(xiàng)目，業(yè)務(wù)領(lǐng)域覆蓋較廣的的企業(yè)。但隨著多個項(xiàng)目同時開展，加之市場競爭的加劇、國有資產(chǎn)出資人對于項(xiàng)目績效要求的不斷提升、企業(yè)內(nèi)部資源稀缺等因素，S公司迫切需要建立適應(yīng)多項(xiàng)目同時運(yùn)作的項(xiàng)目管理組織體系。

本文正是根據(jù)上述背景，靈活運(yùn)用理論研究和實(shí)例調(diào)研相結(jié)合的方式，闡述了 S 公司實(shí)施項(xiàng)目組合管理的必要性、目的和意義。同時在大量對項(xiàng)目管理、項(xiàng)目組合管理理論文獻(xiàn)研究的基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合S公司的具體情況，從企業(yè)外部環(huán)境及內(nèi)部情況分析逐步深入，重點(diǎn)分析了企業(yè)管理現(xiàn)狀和存在的問題，進(jìn)而探索并建立了適應(yīng)S公司的項(xiàng)目組合管理模式，主要包含了明確項(xiàng)目組合管理觀念、建立項(xiàng)目組合管理體系、明確項(xiàng)目組合管理流程、建立項(xiàng)目優(yōu)選機(jī)制、項(xiàng)目組合管理實(shí)施、項(xiàng)目組合管理保障系統(tǒng)、沖突的實(shí)施對策等七個方面。通過以上體制、機(jī)制、制度規(guī)范了 S公司實(shí)施項(xiàng)目組合管理的整體程序。

本文從最為基礎(chǔ)也是最重要的項(xiàng)目管理這個角度進(jìn)行了一些探索，為S公司如何在經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境日益復(fù)雜、競爭日益激烈的時代，在央企及大型私營企業(yè)、外資企業(yè)強(qiáng)勢擠壓下夾縫般的生存環(huán)境里，擺脫體制陳舊的束縛，掙脫資本條件薄弱的不利影響，探索出了一條切實(shí)可行的道路，即充分利用現(xiàn)代化先進(jìn)管理思想武裝自己，實(shí)現(xiàn)創(chuàng)新突破，提升管理效能。

關(guān)鍵詞：項(xiàng)目管理，項(xiàng)目組合管理，項(xiàng)目管理體系

第五篇：中譯英翻譯技巧

一、戒“從一而終”

漢語言簡意賅，句子靈活，往往是一個漢語詞匯對應(yīng)N個英語詞匯，具體到在本句中應(yīng)該采用哪個意項(xiàng)，務(wù)必抓住精神實(shí)質(zhì)，不可以不變應(yīng)萬變。至于怎么應(yīng)變，這就是顯示譯者功力的地方了。

比如：都是“問題”，下面的翻譯各不相同，幾乎是打一槍換一個地方。

共同關(guān)心的問題 questions of common interest

解決問題 solve a problem

問題的關(guān)鍵 the heart of the matter

關(guān)鍵問題 a key problem

原則問題 a question/matter of principle

沒有什么問題 without any mishap

摩托車有點(diǎn)問題 Something is wrong with the motorcycle.問題不在這里 That is not the point.譯者要掌握這種漢英翻譯中的“游擊戰(zhàn)術(shù)”，翻譯家應(yīng)是不同“文化王國”邊境線上的“游擊戰(zhàn)略家”。

沙博里將《水滸傳》譯為：Outlaws of the Marsh(沼澤地上的亡命之徒)，楊憲益譯將屈原的《國殤》譯為：For Those Fallen forTheir Country，北外出版社將《儒林外史》譯為：The Scholars。這些都是譯者吃透了原文的原意而譯出的佳作。

二、戒望文生義，機(jī)械直譯

這多半是初學(xué)者犯的毛病，他們易于被表面現(xiàn)象所迷惑。

黃牛(yellow cow——ox前誤后正，下同)黃鸝(yellow bird ——oriole)

黃瓜(yellow melon——cucumber)紫菜(purple vegetable ——laver)

紅木(red wood——padauk)紅豆杉(red fir——Chinese yew)

黑社會(black society ——sinister gang)

三、戒“水土不符”，習(xí)慣搭配失當(dāng)

這的確是難度系數(shù)較大的問題，它要求譯者既有較高的中文修養(yǎng)，又要有較高的英文造詣，一知半解的人常常在此“翻車”。如：

寫罷，擲筆在桌上。又歌了一回，再飲數(shù)杯酒，不覺沉醉，力不勝酒，便呼酒保計算了，取些銀子算還，多的都賞了酒保。

And tossed the pen on the table.He intoned the verses to himself, then downed a few more cups of wine.He was very dunk.Song-Jiang asked for the bill, paid, and told the waiter to keep the change.(沙博里譯《水滸傳·潯陽樓宋江吟反詩》)

目前，《水滸傳》最好的英譯本要數(shù)沙博里先生的本子了。沙博里出生在美國，青年時來到中國，一住就是半個多世紀(jì)。為了譯好《水滸傳》，據(jù)說他潛心研究了山東的地方志和舊時方言，可謂精誠所致，譯著既“達(dá)”又“雅”。然而歷史告訴我們，中國古人沒有用過鋼筆，宋朝時用的還是毛筆，故the pen 應(yīng)改為the writing-brush。

下面的譯文就較好地照顧到了西方人的思維和理解習(xí)慣。

美國把貿(mào)易和扯在一起，只會損害兩國的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益。

The US policy of linking trade with human rights can only bring harm to the economic interests of the two countries.關(guān)起門來搞建設(shè)是不成的，中國的發(fā)展離不開世界。China can't develop in isolation from the rest of the world.四、戒主語暗淡

主語是句子的靈魂，定住譯文的主語是關(guān)鍵的一步棋。主語定偏了，整個句子將顯得松散乏力，甚至?xí)`導(dǎo)讀者。例如：

如果這個問題不解決，勢必影響兩國的利益。

Failure to settle this issue is bound to impair the relations between the two countries seriously.If the problem is not solved, it is sure to affect the interests between the two countries.在上面的兩種譯文中，顯然第一種譯文主語選得好，句子流暢。又如：

廚房里少了一條魚，主人發(fā)誓要一查到底，揪出偷魚的賊。夏威夷的沙灘上，椰影婆娑，海風(fēng)習(xí)習(xí)，一妙齡女郎正躺在白色的塑料椅上養(yǎng)神。

On the Hawaiian sandy beach, the coconut palms are whirling, the congenial sea breeze is blowing, and a young lady is lying in the white plastic chair resting to restore energy.因?yàn)槭禽p松讀本，又是描述性的文字，使用三個主語the coconut palms、the congenial sea breeze、a young lady仍是可取的。

五、戒結(jié)構(gòu)單調(diào)，組合生硬“拉郎配”

由于漢英結(jié)構(gòu)不同，表達(dá)方式迥異，“硬性翻譯”不僅讀起來別扭，而且會鬧出笑話。這就要求譯者在翻譯時靈活使用整合的技巧，將句子整合，凸顯漢語中所隱含的層次，補(bǔ)充所缺失的成分。有時要將簡單句譯成并列句，有時將并列句譯成主從句。

在紀(jì)念大學(xué)畢業(yè)20周年聚會時，我忽然問起原來的班主任：“我個子又不矮，怎么把我安排在了第一排呢？”

At the reunionpartyfor 20 anniversary of graduation from university, I suddenly asked my former teacher in charge of our class then:“ Since I am not of short stature, how did you arrange me at the first row?”

一個高度近視的女博士去擦鞋店擦高統(tǒng)靴，禿頭老板親自蹲下來給她效勞。

When a woman doctor who suffers a severe myopic went to shoes-polishing shop for her buskins，the bald boss squatted down to serve her personally.六、戒“愚忠”，不諳增減之道

我們耳熟能詳?shù)臇|西外國人可能會感到一頭霧水，譯者需要增加必要的說明和補(bǔ)充或者減譯。否則，外國人會不知所云。畢竟，漢譯英最終是給外國人看的。

例如：風(fēng)水

fengshui——the location of a house or tomb, supposed to have an influence on the fortune of a family.七、戒語句重復(fù)

漢語多重復(fù)，以強(qiáng)化語氣；英語則要盡量避免重復(fù)。

王曰：“此鳥不飛則已，一飛沖天；不鳴則已，一鳴驚人。”

“The bird may not have flown yet”, replied the King,“Once it does, it will soar to the sky.I may not have cried out yet, but once it does, it will startle everyone.”

(楊憲益譯《史記-滑稽列傳》）

中國人也好，外國人也好，死人也好，活人也好，對的就是對的，不對的就是不對的。

What is right is right and what is wrong is wrong, no matter what it concerns, the Chinese or foreigners, the dead or the living.八、戒另起爐灶，走失精氣神

譯文要力求其“信”，盡可能契合漢語原來句子的氣勢、情緒和結(jié)構(gòu)。

例如，元朝人王實(shí)甫寫下了《西廂記》，張雪靜改編后并作了翻譯——

掏出張生那封信，回頭環(huán)視見梳妝臺上的梳妝盒，眼睛一轉(zhuǎn)，心里說有了，將信放了進(jìn)去，合上蓋時故意壓了一角露在外面。

Rose took out Zhang's letter, she thought, “It would be better to put it in her make-up case, and letter find it herself.” So she put the letter in the case, leaving a corner of it sticking out, so that it would be quickly noticed.不難看出，譯文與原文相去甚遠(yuǎn)，互不吻合，成了“兩張皮”。

你已經(jīng)死在過深的怨憤里了嗎？

死？不，不，我還活著——

請給我以火，給我以火！

Have you perished in this deep rancor and bitterness?

Death? No, no.I’m still alive.Please give me a light, give me a light!

我們承諾：追求天人和諧，人際和諧，身心和諧，追求人人相親，人人平等，天下為公，努力實(shí)現(xiàn) 我們城市的和諧統(tǒng)一。

這里所說的“天人和諧”“人際和諧”“ 身心和諧”“人人相親”“人人平等”“天下為公”，無疑都體現(xiàn)中華文化的內(nèi)涵。但是，如果將它們原樣照搬地直譯成英文恐怕就難免出現(xiàn)冗長和累贅。以“身心和諧”和“天下為公”為例，它們的英譯分別是harmony between body and mind和the whole world as one community.可在“世界歷史文化名城市長論壇”的宣言中鄭重其事地提出要追求基于陰陽五行之上的 “harmony between body and mind” 是不是恰當(dāng)呢？至于在列舉了那么多的“和諧”追求，以及“人人相親”“人人平等”的目標(biāo)后，再另加一個漢字語境下聲勢奪人，英語語境下卻平淡無奇的對“天下為公（the whole world as one community）”的追求，似乎也有點(diǎn)不倫不類。“南京宣言”的英語文本對這段話是這樣翻譯的：

We are committed to achieving harmony between man and nature, in people-to-people relationahips, and in the development of urban societies.We will work for fraternity, equality, and justice.原文中“身心和諧”、“人人相親”、“ 人人平等”、“天下為公”的“四字格”表述在譯文中統(tǒng)統(tǒng)被融進(jìn)了整句話的意境和精神中，不另譯出。而這樣做的結(jié)果是譯文反而愈顯蘊(yùn)義明晰、簡潔得體。既傳達(dá)出原文的本質(zhì)含義，又避免了照搬漢語行文風(fēng)格而導(dǎo)致的英文表述拖泥帶水，值得我們借鑒。

總理在本次記者招待會上，引用了《戰(zhàn)國策》中的一句“行百里者半九十”。那么，《戰(zhàn)國策》的英文名稱是什么呢？

Stratagems of the Warring States

這就是《戰(zhàn)國策》名稱的英譯。有不少我們常用的成語就是出自《戰(zhàn)國策》，比如：

鷸蚌相爭，漁翁得利

這個成語我們可以翻譯成：a quarrel which benefits only a third party 或者借用英語中一句相應(yīng)的俗語：When shepherds quarrel, the wolf has a winning game.這句俗語翻譯成中文，也有“螳螂捕蟬，黃雀在后”的意思。借用英語中的固定表達(dá)法來翻譯成語，是一個很好的方法，同學(xué)們要記得平時多多積累這方面的知識哦。

當(dāng)然，在不怎么正式的場合，這個成語我們也可以簡單翻譯成：Two dogs strive for a Bone, and a third runs away with it.畫蛇添足

同樣，這個成語也可以借用英語中現(xiàn)成的表達(dá)法：gild the lily，給百合花鍍金，當(dāng)然就是畫蛇添足的意思啦。

狡兔三窟

A crafty person has more than one hideout 三人成虎

這個成語出自一個典故，意為當(dāng)很多人都以訛傳訛的時候，謊言也就成了真理 可以翻譯成：A lie, if repeated often enough, will be accepted as truth.狐假虎威

肯尼迪總統(tǒng)曾在自己的講話中引用這個成語，他說的是：to seek power by riding the back of the tiger 總理也引用了《離騷》中的一句：亦余心之所善兮，雖九死其猶未悔

我們也先來看《離騷》名字的翻譯吧：The Sorrow of Separation 同樣，其中的名句也有很多，比如這一句：

民生各有所樂兮，余獨(dú)好修以為常。

可以翻譯成：Everybody has his own interest, but I especially love moral cultivation.口譯中有時候不需要太講究字眼，一定要翻譯得和原文一樣文采斐然，最重要的是抓住意思，第一保證準(zhǔn)確，第二保證句式通順易于理解。“兄弟雖有小忿，不廢懿親”這一句則是出自《左傳》，是春秋時期魯國史官左丘明所著，所以書名可以翻譯成：

Zuo's Commentary

和《戰(zhàn)國策》一樣，《左傳》中也有不少成語：

外強(qiáng)中干

這個成語的翻譯我們可以借用毛主席的一句名言：一切反動派都是紙老虎。a paper tiger 是當(dāng)時對這句話的直譯，用在這里也非常貼切。

城下之盟

這個成語是指敵人兵臨城下時被逼簽訂的合約，所以可以直接翻譯成：a forced “treaty of peace” 多行不義必自斃

這句鏗鏘有力，而翻譯時我們也可以借用英文中的一句俗語：Give a thief rope enough and he will hang himself.只是相比原文，氣勢不夠。但如果在現(xiàn)場翻譯中遇到這句，同學(xué)們就可以以現(xiàn)成的英語表達(dá)法來應(yīng)急；如果覺得還可以有更好的翻譯，那就要靠平時自己多琢磨啦，然后有機(jī)會的話，也可以像我們的美女口譯員張璐那樣，給出精彩的翻譯哦。

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