第一篇：激勵機制英文文獻和中文翻譯

How to Motivate Every Employee

---James·Cameron

Incentive is the core of human resource management.Production and management in the enterprise management, human resources is economic resources with a variety of thoughts, feelings, the most dynamic summation also love that economic resources, but also the soul of enterprise in this organism, therefore, human resources production and management resources than other more important resources, and decisions not only affect the production and operation of enterprises of other economic resources, the value and use, and the province is the enterprise strength of several important components of quality of human resources as a result of production and management in the enterprise economic resources of the status and role, so the effectiveness of corporate governance or the ultimate ideal to achieve the objective should be: every enterprise employees will be able to give top priority to the overall interests of enterprises and business goals , the interests of all willing to contribute their own.Employees of such a mental state of thinking and Normal under oath in order to reflect the difficult, but it is entrepreneurs, managers should be pursued and the ultimate challenge, it is necessary to approach such a state, only through an effective internal incentives.Therefore, the most important task of enterprise management is the human resources management.Traditional personnel management and labor is different from a modern human resources management performance of the main features of the “strategic” level:(one)at the strategic guiding ideology of modern human resource management is “people-oriented” management;(two)the strategic objectives modern human resources management in order to “obtain a competitive advantage,” the objectives of management;(three)the scope of the strategy, the modern human resources management is the “full participation in” democratic management;(four)measures in the strategy of modern human resources management is the use of “systematic scientific methods and human art” contingency management.And non-human resources management, compared to human resources management through the “incentives” to achieve, it is the core of human resources management.The so-called “incentive” to meet people from the multi-level and diversified needs of different employees and reward performance standards set value, a maximum staff to stimulate enthusiasm and creativity to achieve the objectives of the Organization.An enterprise of how the use of human resources is determined by many complex factors in the result of the coupling, but the role of management incentives is one of the most important factors.Unlike other non-human resources of the fundamental characteristics of human resources is that it attached to the staff and the existence of the human body, personal moment with the staff can not be separated, such other person or organization to use human resources, both by its natural all the people of “positive take the initiative ”can be achieved with.Therefore, human resources management can “people-oriented” and effectively to stimulate the enthusiasm of employees, to maximize the staff's initiative and creativity, has become the decision of the merits of enterprise production and management of key performance factors and human resources management business success core of the problem.Employee incentive measures.Incentives for the management of human resources management in particular, the importance of self-evident.Incentives can be adopted by all of, the enterprises need to attract them;also can make the most of the employees to perform their talents and wisdom;work so as to maintain the effectiveness and efficiency.Incentive not only to make employees feel at ease, and actively work to play it so staff recognition and acceptance of the enterprise goals

and values, the enterprise have a strong sense of belonging.According to the United States, Professor William James of Harvard University study, in the absence of incentive environment, the potential for staff to play out only a small part of that is 20%-30%, first-served basis just to keep their rice bowls;and in a good incentive mechanism for the environment, the same staff can play a potential 80%-90%, it can be seen, so that each employee is always a good incentive environment is the management of human resources development and the pursuit of the ideal state.So how do we inspire employees to effectively correct the times?

First,Adhere to people-centered, respect for human nature, and establish and implement the “employee-centric” management concept.“People-oriented, respect for humanity” as a modern management philosophy, emphasizing the ultimate goal of management-to improve the economic efficiency of enterprises on the people behind the management of behavior is no longer a cold cold command type, the compulsory type.But carrying out an incentive, trust, caring, emotional, manager of human nature embodies a high degree of understanding and attach importance to managers as employees can not be purely “economic man” in order to meet their survival needs and material interests of the management an opportunity to but to pay attention to the employees respect the spirit of self-actualization needs at higher level in order to provide creative work and encouraging personality to play to mobilize the enthusiasm of employees, in the equal exchange of lead and establish the concept of corporate management;the external control into self-control, so that each employee to form their own sense of corporate loyalty and a sense of responsibility, so that the value of employees to achieve personal and business survival and development into a passer-by, if the enterprises do not know how to be people-oriented, and lack of basic understanding of human nature and respect for , to the neglect of the personal value of human resources to enable employees to achieve long-term needs of the individual values can not be met or even depression, will not be able to retain the best talent, companies will lose competitiveness.Therefore, we must do the following:

Staff carry out regular surveys to understand the extent possible, a matter of concern to employees, especially those relevant to their work, and to win the support and loyalty of staff, and staff to guide the spirit of innovation, attract and retain employees, companies should strive to collect the following the desired information staff: the fairness of work;organizational learning;communication;degree of flexibility and concern;Customer Center;trust and delegation of authority;the effectiveness of management;job satisfaction, the adequacy of support, was placed in a suitable role , and whether or not to feel valuable.Focus on staff remuneration, benefits, working conditions, as well as flexible, to facilitate the preferential arrangements.Enterprises should change with the times, in addition to the traditional emphasis on staff remuneration, welfare and the improvement of working conditions but also the possibility of other incentives, such as the provision of day care;serving University;tuition grants;shorter working hours in summer;the implementation of employee stock option plan;set up a remote post office and so on.Second, the implementation of a comprehensive compensation strategy to motivate employees to fully.The so-called “comprehensive compensation strategy”, which means the company will pay the salaries of employees classified as “external” and “inherent” in two categories, a

combination of the two is the “full pay”, “external pay ”referring primarily to provide their employees with quantifiable monetary value, for example, the basic wage bonuses, stock options, pension, medical insurance and so on,“ internal pay ”refers to those provided to employees can not be quantified the performance of monetary value of various currencies.For example, work satisfaction, for the completion of its work to facilitate the provision of personal tools, training opportunities, attractive corporate culture, good interpersonal relations, coordination of the work environment, as well as individual recognition, appreciation and so on, external salaries and pay their own internal incentives have different functions.Their contact with each other, complement each other, constitute a complete system of remuneration, practice has proved that as a result of staff-to-business expectations and needs to be comprehensive, which includes not only material needs, but also spiritual needs, and thus the implementation of “full pay” strategy, is an effective model of staff motivation.Third,incentives should be fair, just and eliminate incentives for “big”.Fair and impartial is a fundamental principle of motivation.If you do not fair, improper Prize Award, improper punishment and punishment, not only can not receive the desired results, but will result in many negative consequences, it is necessary to impartial and incorruptible, regardless of affinity, regardless of distance, will be treated equally in order to promote the enthusiasm of the staff along the right direction virtuous circle, as proposed by the United States manage the academic award as the criteria.Only by doing so can enhance the cohesion and centripetal force.At the same time, incentives are clearly ancient times people believed in the basic management principles.In fact if the additional money as wages, as it is unrelated to individual performance and reward, employees feel they deserve it, rather than the result of the efforts, so that people can not be stimulated and motivated.Therefore, the smart managers should do everything possible to reward and recognize performance combine it with the cause of loyalty, dedication to the cause of the close combination of fact, the staff inside the imbalance is that they do good , there are dedicated, but work with people who do not receive the same treatment.This is often not satisfied with the staff and leadership reasons, incentives to companies linked to behavior and employee benefits, the higher the protection of personal value, the greater their income, and through incentives to create a fair competitive environment to increase the comparability of results, and promote up groups.To sum up, the management of enterprises in the use of incentives should be people-oriented, pay attention to and strengthen the strong spirit of enterprise and development of mining resources to improve the workers compensation which the degree of non-material rewards, in the determination and implementation of policies and work rules and regulations in, and strive to embody the principle of fair and equitable.Employees should not blindly encourage unrealistic earnings expectations increase, otherwise you will enable enterprises to individual workers or groups of incentives and constraints arising from the difficulties, the effectiveness of decline, more difficult.中文翻譯：

如何激勵每一位員工

---詹姆斯·卡梅隆

激勵是人力資源管理的核心。

在企業生產經營管理中，人力資源是企業各種經濟資源中具有思想、感情、最求和能動性的亦喜愛那個經濟資源，也是企業這一有機體的靈魂，因此，人力資源是比其它生產經營資源更為重要的一項資源，它不僅影響和決定了企業其他生產經營經濟資源的價值和使用狀況，而且其本省就是企業實力幾家質量的重要組成部分之一，由于人力資源在企業生產經營經濟資源中的地位和作用，所以企業管理工作成效的極致或者說要達到的理想境界的目標應該是：企業內的每一個員工都能將企業的整體利益放在首位，并為企業的目標、利益甘愿貢獻自己的一切。職工的這樣一種思想和精神狀態在宣誓中師很難以體現的，但卻是企業家、管理者孜孜以求和所要挑戰的極限，要趨近這樣的一種狀態，只有通過企業內部的有效激勵。因此，企業管理工作的重中之重是人力資源管理。與傳統勞動人事管理不同，現代人力資源管理的主要特征表現在“戰略性”層面上：（1）在戰略指導思想上，現代人力資源管理是“以人為本”的管理；（2）在戰略目標上，現代人力資源管理是為了“獲取競爭優勢”的目標管理；（3）在戰略范圍上，現代人力資源管理是“全員參加”的民主管理；（4）在戰略措施上，現代人力資源管理是運用“系統化科學方法和人文藝術”的權變管理。與非人力資源管理相比較，人力資源管理是通過“激勵”來實現的，它是人力資源管理的核心。所謂“激勵”，就是從滿足人的多層次、多元化需要出發，針對不同員工設定績效標準和獎勵值，一最大限度地激發員工工作積極性和創造性去實現組織的目標。一個企業的人力資源利用效果如何，是由許多復雜因素耦合作用的結果，但其中管理的激勵作用是最重要的因素之一。

人力資源不同于其他非人力資源的根本特征就是，它依附于員工的人體而存在，與員工個人須臾不可分離，其他人或組織要使用人力資源，都要經由它的天然所有這個人的“積極主動”配合才能實現。因此，人力資源管理工作能否“以人為本”，有效激發員工的積極性，最大限度地發揮員工的主觀能動性和創造性，就成為決定企業生產經營績效優劣的關鍵因素和企業人力資源管理成功與否的核心問題。

企業員工激勵的措施。

激勵對管理特別是人力資源管理的重要性自不待言。通過激勵能把所有才能的、本企業所需要的人吸引過來；也可以使本企業員工最充分地發揮其才能和智慧；從而保持所從事工作的有效性和高效率。激勵不僅在于能使職工安心，積極地工作，它還發揮使職工認同和接受本企業的目標和價值觀，對企業產生強烈的歸屬感。據美國哈佛大學的教授威廉·詹姆士研究，在缺乏激勵的環境中，人員的潛力只發揮出了一小部分，即20%—30%，剛剛能保住飯碗即止；而在良好的激勵機制環境中，同樣的人員即可發揮出潛力的80%—90%，由此可見，使每位員工始終處于良好的激勵環境中是人力資源開發和管理所追求的理想狀態。那么，如何才能正確有效地激發員工的時期呢？ 首先、堅持以人為本，尊重人性，樹立并貫徹“以員工為中心”的管理觀念。

“以人為本，尊重人性”作為現代管理理念，強調把管理的最終目的——提高企業經濟效益放在人的背后，管理行為不再是冰冷冷的命令型、強制型。而是貫徹著激勵、信任、關心、情感，體現著管理者對人性的高度理解和重視，管理者不能把員工視為單純的“經濟人”，以滿足其生存需要

和物質利益作為管理契機，而是要注重員工的尊重，自我實現等高層次精神需求，以提供創造性的工作，鼓勵個性的發揮來調動員工的積極性，在平等的引導和交流中，建立起企業的經營理念；將外部控制轉化為自我控制，使每個員工自發地形成對企業的忠誠感和責任感，進而使員工的個人價值實現和企業的生存發展歸為一途，如果企業不懂得以人為本，對人性缺乏基本的了解和尊重，忽視了人才的個人價值，使員工實現個人價值的需求長期得不到滿足甚至壓抑，就無法留住最好的人才，企業也將因此失去競爭力。為此，必須做到以下幾點：

經常開展員工調查，盡可能了解員工所關心的事，尤其是與其工作相關的事，以贏得員工的支持和忠誠，并可引導員工的創新精神，吸引并留住員工，企業應致力于收集以下員工所期望的信息：工作中的公平性；組織學習；溝通；靈活性和關心度；顧客中心；信任和授權；管理的有效性；工作滿意程度，被支持的充分性，被安置角色的合適性，是否感覺到有價值。

著力于員工報酬、福利、工作條件的改善以及靈活、便利性的優惠安排。企業應隨著時代的變化，除了注重傳統意義上的員工報酬、福利和工作條件的改善以外，還可以實施其他的優惠措施，如提供日托；在職大學學習；學費補助；縮短夏季工作時間；實施員工股票期權計劃；設置遠程辦公崗位等等。

其次、實施全面薪酬戰略，給員工以充分的激勵。

所謂“全面薪酬戰略”，即公司將支付給員工的薪酬分為“外在”和“內在”的兩大類，兩者的結合即為“全面薪酬”，“外在的薪酬”主要指為員工提供可量化的貨幣性價值，比如，基本工資獎金、股票期權、退休金、醫療保險等等，“內在的薪酬”則是指那些給員工提供的不能以量化的貨幣形式表現的各種貨幣價值。比如，對工作的滿意度，為完成工作而提供個人便利工具，培訓的機會，吸引人的公司文化，良好的人際關系，相互配合的工作環境，以及公司對個人的表彰、謝意等，外在的薪酬和內在的薪酬各自具有不同的激勵功能。它們互相聯系，互為補充，構成完整的薪酬體系，實踐證明，由于員工對企業的期望和需求是全面的，其中既包括物質需求，又包括精神需求，因而實施“全面薪酬”戰略，是員工激勵的有效模式。

第三、獎勵應公平、公正、杜絕獎勵“大鍋飯”

公平公正是激勵一個基本原則。如果不公平公正，獎不當獎，罰不當罰，不僅收不到預期的效果，反而會造成許多消極后果，要鐵面無私，不論親疏，不分遠近，一視同仁，以促進員工的積極性沿著好的方向良性循環，就像美國管理學界提出的獎勵準則那樣。只有這樣做，才能增強企業的凝聚力和向心力。同時，獎勵分明是從古至今人們所信奉的基本管理原則。如果把獎金當成實際上的附加工資，當成是與個人表現無關的報酬，員工就覺得這是他們應得的，而不是努力的結果，這樣就不能激人上進。因此，聰明的管理者應盡一切可能把報酬和績效表彰結合起來，把它與對事業的忠誠，對事業的奉獻緊密結合起來，實際上，員工內心最不平衡的事是，自己干得好，有奉獻，卻與不干活的人待遇一樣。這也常是員工與領導不滿意的原因，要把公司獎勵行為與員工利益掛鉤，保障個人創造價值越高，其收益越大，并通過獎勵創造公平的競爭環境，增加成績的可比性，促進群體向上。

綜上所述，企業在使用激勵管理時，應以人為本，注重和強化企業內部精神極力資源的挖掘和開發，提高職工報酬當中非物質報酬的程度，在判定和落實各項政策和規章制度的工作中，力求體現公平和公正性原則。不宜盲目地助長員工預期目標收益不切實際地增加，否則就會使企業對職工個體或群體的激勵措施產生困難和制約，有效性下降，難度增加。

第二篇：中文翻譯英文012.12.30

1.hanfanying

2.許多人離開家去找食物 Many people lefts their homes to go in search of food

3.她與2000年畢業不久成為了一名老師She graduated in 2000 and before long she became a teacher

4.他走到人群的面前He made hies way to the crowd

5.她張貼出一張有關學校組織去法國旅游的布告 She put up a notice about the school trip to France

6.她去牛津上大學的消息簡直好得令人無法相信 The news that she went to Oxford University is too good the true

1.上大學時他們相遇并相愛了They met and fell in love at allege

2.我不知道他為什么不喜歡他的女婿I don’t know why he doesn’t like his son-in-law

3.我很榮幸你們請我在大會上講話I am flattered that you asked me to speak at the meeting

4.這會時一個乞丐眼成為一個百萬富翁This will make a beggar a millionaire in a minute

1.他們的婚禮將在教堂舉行Their marriage ceremony will be performed in the church

2.冰淇淋經常用作正餐之后的一種甜點Ice cream is usually served as dessert after the main course

3.士兵們裝扮成了普通老板姓The soldiers disguised themselves as ordinary people

4.公共汽車太擠了我幾乎賺不過身來The bus so full chat i could hardly turn around

5.這個氣球是有帆布制成的形狀像個猴子The balloon is made of canvas and it’s shape like monkey

1.在一個朋友家小住幾天給他寫一封感謝信是禮貌的做法It is polite to write a thank-you letter after staying for a few days with a friend

2.她把手指放在嘴唇前示意大家安靜下來She put her finger to her lips a sign to be quite

3.他們每年可以享受30天的帶薪年假They can enjoy a 30 day paid holiday every year

4.當我告訴他你要來她先的很驚訝She expressed when i toldher you were coming

5.恰恰相反許多學生更加珍惜課外與老師之間的交流On the contrary many student appreciate all the more communication with their teacher out of class

1.他們已把兒子撫養長大能自食其力了They have brought up their to sand on their own feet

2.我們請專家來擔任政府顧問Experts were brought in to advise the government

3.因為這場大雨我們只好把野營推遲了We had to put off the camping as a result of the heavy rain

4.煤可以轉化為煤氣Coal can be converted to gas

5.這是語法練習的答案This is the key to the grammar exercises

1.他在購買服裝上花了很多錢She sends a lot of money on clothes

2.計算機在辦公室中起到重要作用 computers play an important role in office work

3.努力工作可以達到成功hard work leads to success

4.他們投身于我國的西部大開發they devote themselves to the development of the western part of our country

5.簡參加多項學校活動jane takes part in many school activities

1.各組人民都沉在節日的氣氛之中different varieties of people are in festival atmosphere

2.除非馬上還清欠款否則我和你打官司i’ll take you to court unless you pay up immediately

3.我沒有注意到周圍的事物i was not aware of my surroundings

1.她偶爾不得不吃安眠藥occasionally she had to take sleeping pills

2.這本字典的新版本還未發行the new version of this dictionary is not in use yet

3.承蒙足下推薦我已獲得這份工作i got the job thanks to recommendation

4.她終于嫁給了最執著追求的她的人she eventually married the most persistent one of her admirers

5.她能很快記住許多資料she can memorize facts very quickly

1.我仍然堅持我的觀點i still insist on my viewpoint

2.到時候我們會人通知你we will inform you in due course

3.我們既不打籃球也不打排球we are going play neither basketball nor volleyball

4.我總是開著窗戶睡覺除非天氣非常冷菜關上窗戶i always keep the window open when i sleep unless it is very cold

5.你或是你的父親今天必須見這位年輕人either you or your father must see this young man today

Yingfahan

1.before long she was disappointed and unable to find a job so she took to the streets to do everything she could to earn money不久他沒有找到工作使他很失望因此流露街頭盡可能維持生計

2.The mother having heard of her daughter’s whereabouts went to the poor parts of the city in search of her daughter 媽媽聽到有女兒的消息后媽媽趕往貧窮的城市尋找女兒

3.Concerned for her mother’s safety the young woman ran to the bedroom and shook her mother awake and said it’s me 他考慮到媽媽的安全跑到了臥室搖醒了媽媽說是我是我4.In the eyes of Americans Thanksgiving Day is an important festival just next to Christmas

5.It dates back to the arrival of some of the first European settlers in the New world who survived their first cold winter with the help of their native Indian neighbors那些早期的移民在印度安人的幫助下他們在那里度過了第一個寒冬

6.Many days before the festival shops supermarkets and restaurants decorate their show windows with colorful lights and exhibits and promise great discounts 在節日的前幾天商店超市和飯店五彩繽紛的燈和美不勝收的展品裝飾櫥窗還說要降價

7.The lonely old folks could enjoy temporary happiness while they joined the celebration activities 當孤寡老人參加慶祝活動時獲得短暫愉快

8.He thought that the key to feeding people was to have more rice and produce it more quickly他認為人們吃飯的關鍵有更多的大米和更快的生產

9.Which could give a higher yield than either of the original plants它可以給更高的收益率比原先任何植物

10.As a result of yuan long ping’s discovery Chinese discovery Chinese rice production rose by 45.5%in the 1900s由于袁隆平的發現中國的水稻產量咋20世紀90年代增長了45.5%

11.But if you probe a little deeper you will find that personal circumstances and a better quality of lite are the two most compelling factors driving people away from their offices如果你再深入研究你會發現個人的境況和更好的生活質量是促使人們離開辦公室的兩個最值得關注的原因

12.On an overcrowded tube i was commuters were being pushed around tempers were being fraved and a few people were crying 我在擁擠的地鐵里上下班的人推推擠擠有些人發脾氣有些人呼喊

13.As a Chinese learn of english your problems when it comes to writing probably have to do with organization of content and basic sentence structure對學習英語的中國人來說寫作時你會遇到內容組織和基本句子結構等一些問題

14.In that case you work in a specific field with specific challenges that may not be covered in this course你在一個特殊的環境里工作有特定的寫作挑戰二我們的課程不可能滿足所有學生的要求

15.You will then save the new version and carry on with occasional editing and improving每次編輯環節之后你的文本會有所改進你應該保存這些新版本并繼續不時的編輯和改進

16.Of course you will have to allow yourself some time to put what you have learned into practice and practice eventually makes you perfect 當然你你不得不把你自己學到的東西運用實踐最終你使你自己更完美

17.If you say the word communication most people think of work and sentences 說起交流大多數人想到單詞和句子

18.Although these are very important we communicate with more than just spoken and written words.indeed body positions are part of what we call body language雖然這些單詞和句子很重要但我們并不只是用口語和書面語交流身勢語是我們說話的一部分

19.We see examples of unconscious body language very often yet there is also learned body language which varies

from culture to culture我們經常看到無意識的身勢語但也有習得的身勢語習得的身勢語在不同的文化中各不相同 20.The internet chat room is a new and popular forum in which people meet new friends from around the word stories of chatters falling in love are very common 網絡聊天室是一個新的流行的論壇，使人們認識新朋友來自世界各地的故事，也愛是很常見的21.However some experts say chat chatting can be addictive and they point out that problem lies in the chatters然而一些專家說聊天可能上癮，他們指出問題在于聊天者本人

第三篇：英文文獻

民營企業文化建設研究

本文轉自淺論天下

民營企業是我國經濟建設中的重要力量。但許多民營企業經營管理上存在一個共同的問題，即忽視企業文化建設，缺乏優秀的企業文化。21世紀的企業競爭將突出地體現在企業文化力的競爭上，企業文化管理將是繼經驗管理和科學管理之后的一種新的管理方式。在文化管理日益受到重視的今天，民營企業必須加強企業文化建設，以此改善經營管理，為企業的發展提供持久的內在動力。民營企業文化的發展有一個歷史的過程，形成了民營企業文化多樣的特征。本文總結了民營企業文化建設的現狀，對目前民營企業文化建設存在的誤區進行了詳細分析。在此基礎上，本文提出了民營企業文化建設的指導原則、方向、方法和相應措施，并對如何培育有特色的民營企業文化提出了相應的對策。最后，以正泰集團為例，進行了民營企業文化建設的案例分析。

Private-owned enterprises are very important force in our country“s economic construction.However, there is a common issue existing in many private-owned enterprises in their business administration that is they neglect the enterprise culture construction and lack of excellent enterprise culture.The competitions of enterprise in 21st century will highlight in competition of culture strength.The enterprise culture management will become a new management way after the management way of experience and science.The private-owned enterprises must strengthen culture construction so as to improve business administration and provide permanent internal impetus for the development of enterprises.The development of the private-owned enterprise”s culture has a historical process and forms a diversiform character.The article sums up the actuality of the Private-owned enterprise“s culture construction and provides detailed analysis for mistakes in the private-owned enterprise”s culture construction at present.On the basis of it, the article put forwards the instructional principia, direction, method and corresponding measure for the private-owned enterprise“s culture construction and provides the corresponding suggestion for how to develop the private-owned enterprise”s culture that has distinguished features.According to the case of Zhengtai Company, this article also gives empirical analysis of the enterprise culture construction.本文轉自淺論天下

第四篇：AE濾鏡英文-中文翻譯

一.3D Channel 三維通道

1.3D Channel Extract 提取三維通道 2.Depth Matte 深度蒙版 3.Depth of Field 場深度 4.Fog 3D 霧化 5.ID matte ID蒙版

二.Audio 音頻 1.Backwards 倒播

2.Bass/Treble 低音和高音 3.Delay 延遲

4.Flange/Chorus 變調和合聲 5.High-Low Pass 高低音過濾 6.Modulator 調節器

7.Parametric EQ EQ參數 8.Reverb 回聲

9.Stereo Mixer 立體聲混合 10.Tone 音質

三.Blur/Sharpen 模糊與銳化 1.Box Blur 方形模糊 2.Channel Blur 通道模糊 3.Compound Blur 混合模糊 4.Directional Blur 方向模糊 5.Fast Blur 快速模糊 6.Gaussian Blur 高斯模糊 7.Lens Blur 鏡頭模糊 8.Radial Blur 徑向模糊

9.Reduce Interlace Flicker 減少交錯閃爍(與高斯模糊相似)10.Sharpen 銳化

11.Smart Blur(沒什么效果的模糊效果)12.Unsharp Mask 反遮罩銳化

四.Channel 通道

1.Alpha Levels Alpha色階 2.Arithmetic 運算 3.Blend 混合

4.Calculations 計算

5.Channel Combiner 通道組合 6.Compound Arithmetic 復合計算 7.Invert 反相

8.Minimax 擴亮擴暗

9.Remove Color Matting 刪除蒙版顏色 10.Set Channels 設置通道 11.Set Matte 設置蒙版

12.Shift Channels 轉換通道 13.Solid Composite 實色合成

五.Color Correction 顏色修正 1.Auto Color 自動顏色

2.Auto Contrast 自動對比度 3.Auto Levels 自動色階

4.Brightness/Contrast 亮度和對比度 5.Broadcast Colors 廣播級顏色 6.Change Color 轉換色彩

7.Change to Color 定向轉換色彩 8.Channel Mixer 通道混合 9.Color Balance 色彩平衡

10.Color Balance(HLS)色彩平衡HLS 11.Color Link 色彩鏈接

12.Color Stabilizer 色彩穩定器 13.Colorama 彩光 14.Curves 曲線 15.Equalize 均衡 16.Exposure 暴光

17.Gamma/Pedestal/Gain 伽馬/基色/增益 18.Hue/Saturation 色調/飽合度 19.Leave Color 保留顏色 20.Levels 色階

21.Levels(Individual Controls)色階(個別控制)22.Photo Filter 圖片過濾 23.PS Arbitrary Map 映象

24.Shadow/Highlight 陰影/亮光 25.Tint 色彩

六.Distort 扭曲

1.Bezier Warp 貝塞爾曲線彎曲 2.Bulge 凹凸鏡

3.Corner Pin 邊角定位 4.Displacenent Map 置換 5.Liquify 液化 6.Magnify 放大

7.Mesh Warp 網格變形 8.Mirror 鏡像 9.Offset 位移

10.Optics Compensation 鏡頭變形 11.Polar Coordinates 極坐標轉換 12.Reshape 形變 13.Ripple 波紋 14.Smear 涂抹 15.Spherize 球面化 16.Transform 變換

17.Turbulent Displace 劇烈置換 18.Twirl 扭轉 19.Warp 彎曲

20.Wave Warp 波浪變形

七.Expression Controls 表達式控制 1.Angle Control 角度控制

2.Checkbox Control 檢驗盒控制 3.Color Control 色彩控制 4.Layer Control 層控制 5.Point Control 點控制 6.Slider Control 游標控制

八.Generate 產生(以前叫渲染)1.4-Color Gradient 四色漸變 2.Advanced Lightning 高級閃電 3.Audio Spectrum 聲譜 4.Audio Waveform 聲波 5.Beam 光束

6.Cell Pattern 單元圖案 7.Checkerboard 棋盤格 8.Circle 圓形 9.Ellipse 橢圓

10.Eyedropper Fill 滴管填充 11.Fill 填充 12.Fractal 分形 13.Grid 網格

14.Lens Flare 鏡頭光暈 15.Lightning 閃電

16.Paint Bucket 油漆桶 17.Radio Waves 電波 18.Ramp 漸變 19.Scribble 涂寫 20.Stroke 描邊 21.Vegas 勾畫

22.Write-on 書寫(有遮罩的功能)

九.Keying 鍵控

1.Color Difference Key 色彩差異鍵控< 2.Color Key 色彩鍵控 3.Color Range 色彩范圍 4.Difference Matte 差異蒙版 5.Extract 提取

6.Inner/Outer Key 輪廓鍵控

7.Linear Color Key 線性色彩鍵控 8.Luma Color Key 亮度鍵控 9.Spill Suppressor 溢色抑制

十.Matte 蒙版工具

1.Matte Choker 蒙版清除 2.Simple Choker 簡單清除

十一.Noise/Grain 雜色/噪點 1.Add Grain 添加顆粒

2.Dust/Scratches 蒙塵與劃痕 3.Fractal Noise 分形噪波 4.Match Grain 匹配噪點 5.Median 中值 6.Noise 雜色

7.Noise Alpha Alpha雜色 8.Noise HLS HLS雜色

9.Noise HLS Auto 自動HLS雜色 10.Remove Grain 清除噪點

十二.Paint繪畫 1.Paint 繪畫

2.Vector Paint 矢量繪畫

十三.Perspective 透視 1.3D Glasses 3D視覺 2.Basic 3D 基礎三維 3.Bevel Alpha Alpha導角 4.Bevel Edges 邊緣導角 5.Drop Shadow 投影

6.Radial Shadow 徑向投影

十四.Simulation 仿真 1.Card Dance 卡片動畫 2.Caustics 腐蝕 3.Foam 水泡

4.Particle Playground 粒子游樂場 5.Shatter 爆碎

6.Wave World 水波 十五.Stylize 風格化

1.Brush Strokes 畫筆描邊 2.Color Emboss 彩色浮雕 3.Emboss 浮雕

4.Find Edges 查找邊緣 5.Glow 輝光 6.Mosaic 馬賽克

7.Motion Tile 運動拼貼

8.Posterize 多色調(相當有16位色32位色)9.Roughen Edges 粗糙邊緣 10.Scatter 擴散

11.Strobe Light 閃光燈 12.Texturize 紋理化 13.Threshold 閾值

十六.Text 文字

1.Basic Text 基本文字 2.Numbers 數字

3.Path Text 路徑文字 4.Timecode 時間代碼

十七.Time 時間 1.Echo 重影

2.Posterize Time 招貼畫 3.Time Difference 時間差異 4.Time Displacement 時間置換 5.Timewarp 時間扭曲

十八.Transition 切換

1.Block Dissolve 塊面溶解 2.Card Wipe 卡片擦拭 3.Gradient Wipe 漸變擦拭 4.Iris Wipe 星形擦拭 5.Linear Wipe 線性擦拭 6.Radial Wipe 徑向擦拭 7.Venetian Blinds 百葉窗

十九.Utility 效用 1.Cineon Converter 2.Color Profile Converter 3.Grow Bounds 4.HDR Compander 5.HDR Highlight Compression

第五篇：英文采訪稿(附中文翻譯)

STUDENT NUMBER: A12120272 NAME: Shilei CLASS: English 1202

Inorder to find out what the life it was in the past in China, I intervewed a grangpa in our shool’s little park, who is at about his 60s.Q(Question): Hello, nice to meet you.Thank you for accepting my interview.A(Answer): Nice to meet you too.Q: Em, you look like about at 60s, right? Would you like to tell me when people mostly used bikes? A:Yeah, I was born in 1953 and I’m 61years old now.Actually, you know China was been named of “The Kingdom of Bicycle” in the past.I remember my grandpa told me that bicycle was introduced in China in the late 19th century.Then in 1960s, 1970s, when I was a young man, bicycle along with sewing machine and watch became the necessary three-major-items of marriage.Bicycle became really popular in the 1980s, it was the most important and most universal vehicle at that moment, the famous brands included “Yong jiu”, “Fenghuang”, “Feige”.The flow of thousands of bicycles during the rush hour was extremly awesome which made China became “The Kingdom of Bicycle”.You might cannot realize that kind of feeling, but you have to know who had a bicycle at that time woule be jealous by others, especially our young guys.Q: But a bicycle must be very expensive at that time, right? A: Certainly!One bicycle costed about 200 yuanat that time while people’s salary just a few dozen yuan.It’s very precious.Q: Em, what about bus? When buses appeared? And how the buses of today compare with the buses when you were young? A: Haerbin’s buses were developed in the 1950s.When I was young , buses in Haerbin were still not widespread, just several bus-lines were operated.What’s more, the buses’ environment and situation were not very well when compared with the buses of today.Q: Well, I got it.How life was in your 20s’, 30s’, and 40s’? And every day life how it changed when you grew older? A: In my 20s’ , what I remember most was that you had to take the tickets or certificates to buy all the things you wanted and needed , and the number of those stuff was fixed by government, so you couldn’t buy a lot even you had money.Like the liquor, you had to buy it in state-run stores with certificate.If you wanted more, you might suppose to borrow the certificate from other family which was begrudge to buy the liquor , for the numeber of liquor was limited.And later, the individual business appeared and became more and more, so you could buy anything with money in stores.Since followed the policy of reform and opening, our daily lives became more and more colorful.Q: Do you rememberhow life changed when tall building were built? A：Em...In fact, the tall building didn’t bring much impact on our lives.At the beginning, we might feel shocked or wondering, but later we gradually accustomed to it.You can see, there are tall building everywhere nowadays.Q: What do you miss about the old days and what you do not miss? A: What I miss...May be the simplicity and kindness of those people, besides, at that time, they worked harder and braver.But I enjoy the high life quality of today, comprehensive health care system, varieties of entertainments, convenient public transit, etc.You know, the life in the old days is difficult.A: Yeah, sure it is.Alright then, thank to your narration, I know more details about the life in the old days, thank you!Q：It’s my pleasure!為了了解過去中國的生活是什么樣的，我在學校的小公園里采訪了一位60多歲的老爺爺。

問：您好，很高興見到您，謝謝您能夠接受我的采訪。

答：認識你也很高興。

問：你看起來大概60歲左右對嗎？您能不能跟我講一下人們用自行車最多是在什么時候呢？ 答：當然。我出生于1953年，今年都61歲了。事實上，中國在過去被稱為“自行車王國”呢。我記得我的姥爺告訴我自行車是在19世紀后期引進中國的。在六、七十年代，那時候我還年輕，自行車和縫紉機、手表是年輕人結婚必備的“三大件”。自行車真正流行起來是在80年代，那個時候自行車是最重要、最普遍的交通工具，出名的牌子有“永久”、“鳳凰”、“飛鴿”。那個時候上下班高峰期自行車流非常壯觀，中國也因此被稱為“自行車王國”。你們現在可能體會不到那種感覺，但是在那個時候擁有一輛自行車是讓人非常羨慕嫉妒的，特別是我們年輕人。

問：但是那個時候一輛自行車肯定很貴對吧？

答：那是肯定的！一輛自行車要200塊錢左右，而那個時候人們的工資只有十幾、幾十塊。所以自行車很珍貴。

問：嗯，那公交車呢，公交車什么時候出現？今天的公交車跟你們年輕時候的比起來又怎么樣呢？

答：哈爾濱的公交應該是在50年代發展起來吧。我年輕的時候，公交還不是很普及，只有幾條線路投入運行。而且，公交車的環境和狀況跟如今的比起來都很差。

問：嗯，那您20歲、30歲、40歲的時候生活是怎樣的呢?隨著您的年長，日常生活有哪些變化呢？

答：我20歲的時候，印象最深刻的是你買任何東西都需要票或者證。因為所有東西的數量是有國家按人口規定好的，所以即使你有錢你也買不了很多。像酒，你要拿著證去供銷社買。如果你還想要的話，你就要借其他人的證去買。因為每家酒的數量是一定的，但是有的人家舍不得買。后來個體商戶出現了而且越來越多，就可以拿錢買任何想要的東西。自從改革開放政策的實行，我們的生活變得越來越豐富多彩。

問：您能給我講講當高樓大廈建起來的時候生活發生了哪些改變嗎？

答：嗯....事實上，高樓大廈并沒有給我們的生活帶來很大影響。剛開始，我們看到可能會感嘆會迷惑，但是后來慢慢就習慣了。你看現在到處都是高樓林立。

問：那對于過去的日子有哪些是您非常懷念的，哪些是不怎么懷念的呢？

答：嗯....要說懷念的話，應該是懷念過去人們的淳樸善良吧，而且那時候人們也更加勤勞勇敢。但是我更享受現在的高品質生活，完善的醫療體系，多樣的娛樂活動，便利的公共交通等等，這些都是過去不能比的。你要知道過去的生活很艱苦。

問：是的，肯定比現在要苦。好的，非常感謝您抽出時間接受采訪，通過您的講述我對以前的生活知道了更多細節，謝謝！

答：不用謝，很高興能幫到你。