第一篇：新世紀大學英語4

第四冊

Unit1 Man in the Realm of Nature

Alexander Spirkin Human beings live in the realm of nature.They are constantly surrounded by it and interact with it.Man is constantly aware of the influence of nature in the form of the air he breathes, the water he drinks, and the food he eats.We are connected with nature by “blood” ties and we cannot live outside nature.人在自然界

亞歷山大·斯伯金

人類生活在大自然的王國里。他們時刻被大自然所包圍并與之相互影響。人類呼吸的空氣、喝下的水和攝入的食物，無一不令人類時刻感知到大自然的影響。我們與大自然血肉相連，離開大自然，我們將無法生存。

Man is not only a dweller in nature, he also transforms it.Humanity converts nature's wealth into the means of the cultural, historical life of society.Man has subdued and disciplined electricity and compelled it to serve the interests of society.Not only has man transferred various species of plants and animals to different climatic conditions, he has also changed the shape and climate of his environment and transformed plants and animals.人類不僅生活在大自然之中，同時也在改變著大自然。人類把自然資源轉變為各種文化，社會歷史的財富。人類降服并控制了電，迫使它為人類社會的利益服務。人類不僅把各種各樣的動植物轉移到不同的氣候環境，也改變了他生活環境的地貌和氣候并使動植物因之而發生轉變。

As society develops, man tends to become less dependent on nature directly, while indirectly his dependence grows.Our distant ancestors lived in fear of nature's destructive forces.Very often they were unable to obtain the merest daily necessities.However, despite their imperfect tools, they worked together stubbornly, collectively, and were able to attain results.Nature was also changed through interaction with man.Forests were destroyed and the area of farmland increased.Nature with its elemental forces was regarded as something hostile to man.The forest, for example, was something wild and frightening and people tried to force it to retreat.This was all done in the name of civilisation, which meant the places where man had made his home, where the earth was cultivated, where the forest had been cut down.隨著社會的發展，人類對大自然的直接依賴越來越少，而間接的依賴卻越來越多。我們遠古的祖先生活在大自然的威脅及破壞力的恐懼之中，他們常常連基本的生活物資都無法獲取。然而，盡管工具不甚完備，他們卻能同心協力，頑強工作，并總是有所收獲。在與人類的相互作用中，大自然也發生了改變。森林被破壞了，耕地面積增加了。大自然及其威力被看成是和人類敵對的東西。譬如，森林被認為是野性的和令人恐懼的，因此人類便想方設法使其面積縮小。這一切都是打著“文明”的旗號進行的，所謂“文明”，就是人類在哪里建立家園，耕耘土地，哪里的森林就被砍伐。

But as time goes on mankind becomes increasingly concerned with the question of where and how to obtain irreplaceable natural resources for the needs of production.Science and man's practical transforming activities have made humanity aware of the enormous geological role played by the industrial transformation of the earth.然而，隨著歲月的流逝，人類越來越關注的是在何處得到和如何得到生產所需的不可替代的自然資源的問題。科學與人類改變大自然的實踐活動已經使人類意識到了工業在改變地球的進程中對地質產生的重大影響。

At present the previous dynamic balance between man and nature and between nature and society as a whole, has shown ominous signs of breaking down.The problem of the so-called replaceable resources of the biosphere has become particularly acute.It is getting more and more difficult to satisfy the needs of human beings and society even for such a substance, for example, as fresh water.The problem of eliminating industrial waste is also becoming increasingly complex.目前，人與自然以及自然與社會整體之間過去存在的動態平衡，已呈現崩潰的跡象。生物圈中所謂可替代資源的問題變得極為尖銳。人類和社會的需求，即便是簡單得像淡水一樣的物質，也變得越來越難以滿足。清除工業廢物的問題也變得日益復雜。

Modern technology is distinguished by an ever increasing abundance of produced and used synthetic goods.Hundreds of thousands of synthetic materials are being made.People increasingly cover their bodies from head to foot in nylon and other synthetic, glittering fabrics that are obviously not good for them.Young people may hardly feel this, and they pay more attention to appearance than to health.But they become more aware of this harmful influence as they grow older.現代技術的特征是生產和使用日益豐富的人工合成產品。人們生產成千上萬的人工合成材料。人們越來越多地用尼龍和其他人造纖維把自己從頭到腳地包裹起來，這些絢麗的織物顯然對他們無益。年輕人或許很少注意到這一點，他們更關注的是外表，而不是健康。但是上了年歲之后，他們就會感受到這種有害的影響。

As time goes on the synthetic output of production turns into waste, and then substances that in their original form were not very toxic are transformed in the cycle of natural processes into aggressive agents.Today both natural scientists and philosophers are asking themselves the question: Is man's destruction of the biosphere inevitable?

久而久之，這些合成物質轉變成廢棄物，那些原本毒性不大的物質在自然循環中變為極其有害的物質。自然科學家和哲學家如今都在問自己這樣一個問題：人類對生物圈的破壞難道是無法避免的嗎？

The man-nature relation — the crisis of the ecological situation — is a global problem.Its solution lies in rational and wise organization of both production itself and care for Mother Nature, not just by individuals, enterprises or countries, but by all humanity.One of the ways to deal with the crisis situation in the “man-nature” system is to use such resources as solar energy, the power of winds, the riches of the seas and oceans and other, as yet unknown natural forces of the universe.人與大自然的關系 —— 生態環境的危機 —— 已經成為一個全球性問題。這一問題的解決之道在于理性而明智地協調生產和對大自然的關愛之間的關系，這不僅要依靠個人、企業或者某些國家的力量，而且要依靠全人類的力量。解決人與大自然關系危機的方法之一，就是使用太陽能、風能、海洋能等資源，以及其他尚不為人所知的宇宙中的自然能。

But to return to our theme, the bitter truth is that those human actions which violate the laws of nature, the harmony of the biosphere, threaten to bring disaster and this disaster may turn out to be universal.How apt then are the words of ancient Oriental wisdom: live closer to nature, my friends, and its eternal laws will protect you!

但是，回到我們原先的主題上，令人難以接受的事實是那些違背了自然規律、破壞了生物圈和諧的人類行為將會帶來災難，而這種災難也許是全球性的。古代東方智者的話講得真是恰如其分：朋友們，你要是親近大自然，大自然就會用那永恒不變的規律永遠呵護你！

Unit2 Technology and Happiness

James Surowiecki In the 20th century, Americans, Europeans, and East Asians enjoyed material and technological advances that were unimaginable in previous eras.In the United States, for instance, gross domestic product per capita tripled from 1950 to 2000.Life expectancy soared.The boom in productivity after World War II made goods better and cheaper at the same time.Things that were once luxuries, such as jet travel and long-distance phone calls, became necessities.And even though Americans seemed to work extraordinarily hard, their pursuit of entertainment turned media and leisure into multibillion-dollar industries.技術與幸福 詹姆斯·薩洛維奇

20世紀的美國人、歐洲人和東亞人都享受到了過去歷代人都無法想象的物質和技術進步帶來的樂趣。譬如，在美國，從1950年到2000年國民生產總值翻了3倍。人們的壽命大幅度提高。二戰后生產力的迅速發展使商品變得價廉物美。諸如乘飛機旅游和打長途電話等曾經是奢侈的事情成了生活不可或缺的一部分。

By most standards, then, you would have to say that Americans are better off now than they were in the middle of the last century.Oddly, though, if you ask Americans how happy they are, you find that they are no happier than they were in 1946(which is when formal surveys of happiness started).In fact, the percentage of people who say they are “very happy” has fallen slightly since the early 1970s — even though the income of people born in 1940 has, on average, increased by 116 percent over the course of their working lives.You can find similar data for most developed countries.那么，根據大多數標準衡量，你會說，現在的美國人比上個世紀中葉富裕多了。不過，奇怪的是，如果你問美國人有多幸福，你會發現，他們并不比1946年時幸福（1946年正式開始對幸福狀況進行調查）。事實上，那些說自己“非常幸福”的人所占的比例自20世紀70年代以來一直穩中有降 —— 盡管20世紀40年代出生的人的收入在他們的工作生涯中平均增長了116％。你可以在大多數發達國家找到相似的數據。

The relationship between happiness and technology has been an eternal subject for social critics and philosophers since the advent of the Industrial Revolution.But it's been left largely unexamined by economists and social scientists.The truly groundbreaking work on the relationship between prosperity and well-being was done by the economist Richard Easterlin, who in 1974 wrote a famous paper entitled “Does Economic Growth Improve the Human Lot?” Easterlin showed that when it came to developed countries, there was no real correlation between a nation's income level and its citizens' happiness.Money, Easterlin argued, could not buy happiness — at least not after a certain point.Easterlin showed that though poverty was strongly correlated with misery, once a country was solidly middle-class, getting wealthier did not seem to make its citizens any happier.自工業革命開始以來，幸福與技術之間的關系一直是社會批評家和哲學家們長期研究的課題，然而，基本上還沒有受到經濟學家和社會學家們的關注。經濟學家理查德·伊斯特林在經濟繁榮和幸福的關系方面進行了具有開拓性的研究，并于1974年發表了一篇題為“經濟增長改變人類命運嗎？”的著名論文。伊斯特林表明，就發達國家而言，一個國家的收入和國民的幸福之間沒有真正的相互關系。伊斯特林認為，金錢買不到幸福，至少在（金錢）達到了一定程度以后是如此。伊斯特林認為，盡管貧窮與苦難密不可分，但是，一個國家一旦達到穩定的中產階級水平，富有似乎并沒有讓其國民感到更多的幸福。

This seems to be close to a universal phenomenon.In fact, one of happiness scholars' most important insights is that people adapt very quickly to good news.Take lottery winners for example.One famous study showed that although winners were very, very happy when they won, their extreme excitement quickly evaporated, and after a while their moods and sense of well-being were indistinguishable from what they had been before the victory.這好像幾乎是一種普遍現象。實際上，研究幸福的學者們最重要的觀點之一是：人們對好消息很快便習以為常。拿彩票中獎者為例。一項重要的研究表明，盡管買彩票中獎的人中獎時會感到非常非常幸福，可這種興奮很快就消逝了。一段時間之后，他們的心情和幸福感與中獎之前沒有什么兩樣。

So, too, with technology: no matter how dramatic a new innovation is, no matter how much easier it makes our lives, it is very easy to take it for granted.You can see this principle at work in the world of technology every day, as things that once seemed miraculous soon become common and, worse, frustrating when they don't work perfectly.It's hard, it turns out, to keep in mind what things were like before the new technology came along.人們對待技術的態度也是一樣的：無論一種新事物多么引人注目，也無論它使我們的生活變得多么舒適，人們都認為這是理所當然的事情。在技術世界，你每天都會看到這一原則起作用。曾經一度被視為非常神奇的東西很快就變得習以為常，更糟的是，當這些東西運轉不正常時，還會令人沮喪。要把新技術問世之前的情形牢記在心原來是如此困難！

Does our fast assimilation of technological progress mean, then, that technology makes no difference? No.It just makes the question of technology's impact, for good or ill, more complicated.Let's start with the downside.There are certain ways in which technology makes life obviously worse.Telemarketing, traffic jams, and identity theft all come to mind.These are all phenomena that make people consciously unhappy.But for the most part, modern critiques of technology have focused not so much on specific, bad technologies as the impact of technology on our human relationships.那么，我們對技術進步的快速吸收是否意味著技術沒有發揮什么作用呢？不，決非如此。不論好歹，這只是把技術影響的問題變得更加復雜。我們先從負面影響談起。在某些方面，技術顯然使得生活更加糟糕了。譬如，我們馬上會想到電話推銷、交通阻塞以及身份資料失竊等情況。這些都是讓人們明顯意識到不幸福的現象。可是，現代的技術評論文章多半都沒有把焦點集中在具體的、有害的技術上，而是集中在了技術對人際關系的影響上。

Privacy has become increasingly fragile in a world of linked databases.In many workplaces, technologies like keystroke monitoring and full recordings of phone calls make it easier to watch workers.The notion that technology disrupts relationships and fractures community gained mainstream prominence as an attack on television.Some even say that TV is chiefly responsible for the gradual isolation of Americans from each other.Similarly, the harmful effects of the Internet, which supposedly further isolates people from what is often called “the real world”.在聯了網的數據庫世界里，隱私變得越來越脆弱。在許多工作場所，諸如按鍵監控和電話全程錄音之類的技術使得對員工的監視變得更加容易。人們對電視的攻擊主要集中在以下方面：技術擾亂了人際關系、破壞了社區交往。一些人甚至說，電視是美國人逐漸相互疏遠的罪魁禍首。同樣也有人認為，互聯網的負面影響進一步使人遠離了我們常說的“真實世界”。

This broad criticism of technology's impact on relationships is an interesting one and is especially relevant to the question of happiness, because one of the few things we can say for certain is that the more friends and the closer relationships people have, the happier they tend to be.這種廣義上關于技術影響人際關系的批評頗有趣味，尤與幸福的問題相關，因為我們真正有把握說清楚的事情沒有幾件，但其中之一是：人們的朋友越多，關系越密切，就越幸福。

Today, technological change is so rapid that when you buy something, you do so knowing that in a few months there's going to be a better, faster version of the product, and that you're going to be stuck with the old one.Someone else, in other words, has it better.It's as if disappointment were built into acquisition from the very beginning.今天的技術變化異常神速，購買某種產品時你就知道，再過幾個月，比這個產品性能更好、運作更快的款式就會問世，而你卻還得使用舊款式的產品。換句話說，別人買到的產品要比你的好。這種失望感仿佛從開始購買這件產品時就已經存在了。

Daily stress, an annoying sense of disappointment, fear that the government knows a lot more about you than you would like it to — these are obviously some of the ways in which technology reduces people's sense of well-being.But the most important impact of technology on people's sense of well-being is in the field of health care.Before the Industrial Revolution, two out of every three Europeans died before the age of 30.Today, life expectancy for women in Western Europe is almost 80 years, and it continues to increase.The point is obvious: the vast majority of people are happy to be alive, and the more time they get on earth, the better off they feel they'll be.But until very recently, life for the vast majority of people was nasty, rough, and short.Technology has changed that, at least for people in the rich world.As much as we should worry about the rising cost of health care and the problem of the uninsured, it's also worth remembering how valuable for our spirits as well as our bodies are the benefits that medical technology has brought us.日常生活的壓力，一種令人煩惱的失望感、對政府知道你的情況超出你所希望程度的恐懼感 —— 這些顯然都是技術降低了人們幸福感的幾個方面。然而，技術對人們的幸福感最重要的影響是在醫療保健方面。工業革命以前，每三個歐洲人就有兩個的壽命不足30歲。今天，西歐婦女的壽命差不多是80歲，而且還會繼續提高。道理很清楚：絕大多數人很樂意活下去，他們在地球上生活的時間越長，感覺就越好。可是，不久前，絕大多數人還過著齷齪不堪、畜生般的生活，而且生命非常短暫。技術改變了這種狀況，至少對于富裕國家的人們來說是如此。我們在該為醫療保健費用的提高和沒有參加保險的人們的問題而擔憂的同時，也應該記住，醫療技術帶給我們身體上和精神上的好處是多么有價值。

On a deeper level, what the technological improvement of our health and our longevity emphasizes is a paradox of any discussion of happiness on a national or a global level: even though people may not be happier, even though they are wealthier and possess more technology, they're still as hungry as ever for more time.It's like that old joke: the food may not be so great, but we want the portions to be as big as possible.從更深的層次上說，我們在健康和長壽方面所取得的進步卻強調了在國家和全球層面討論幸福問題的一個自相矛盾的說法。即使人們不會更幸福，即使他們更加富裕并擁有更多技術，他們還會像以前那樣渴望長壽。這就像那個古老的笑話一樣：食品也許并不好，可我們都想讓自己得到的那一份盡量大。

第二篇：新世紀大學英語B2U1quiz

新世紀大學英語B2U1 Quiz

姓名_________________學號_________________成績_________________ Part I Translation

1． In life, our stupidest course of action is __________________________________ ______________________________(太執著自己的東西，不愿放棄).2． Many people are aware of ____________________________________________ _______________(與大自然和諧相處的重要性).3． _________________________________________________(隨著歲月的流逝), he became increasingly interested in Chinese culture.4． I never understand _________________________________________________(什么事情使她煩心).5． Problems like the generation gap ______________________________________ _______________________(是不可以被掩蓋起來的).6． Though we have been successful in our work so far, _______________________ _________________________(我們要準備好處理難題)in the days to come.7． Unfortunately, a continuing rise in the oil price has ___________________________________________(使這個國家的經濟癱瘓).8． _________________________________________________(對生命的意義沒有統一的看法);different people have different understanding.9． I know you are both proud and find it difficult to forgive each other after such a bad argument, but _________________________________________________(必須有人走出第一步).10． His wife was always complaining at home and he was ____________________________________________(厭倦了她不停的抱怨).Part II: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Human relationships would become difficult without forgiveness.It’s a 1_______ for building harmonious relationships and 2_______ our own well-being.Very often we may think that we’ve been hurt too deeply to forgive.But 3_______, it’s those of us who’ve been most hurt that really need to forgive.For the truth is that unless we can forgive, we can never 4_______.For some people forgiveness seems 5_______ because they have no idea how to go about it.The first and most important thing you need to 6_______ is that the act of forgiveness is not going to be easy.In fact, it will probably be the hardest thing most of us ever have to do.It seems totally 7_______ that we should have to forgive when we are the ones who have been hurt.And that’s the central and most important part of forgiveness.That’s why, sometimes, the 8_______ act of forgiveness may seem relatively easy, but dealing with the 9_______ can be harder.True forgiveness is not a one-off act, it’s a 10_______ emotional confrontation.So if you think you are right and can’t find it in yourself to forgive, ask yourself this question: would you rather be right or happy?

A.harmonyB.achievingC.recoverD.impossible

E.realizeF.constantG.emotionalH.relative

I.initialJ.confrontingK.unfairL.forgive

M.forgetN.necessaryO.ironically

Part III Answer the questions according to both Text A and Text B.1)Why does the writer say “forgive and forget” miss the whole point of forgiveness? What is the real point of forgiveness?

2)What made the jailer’s eyes filled with tears?

Part IV Compound dictation.President Bush has proposed to increase the study of foreign languages in American schools.The new plan is called the National[S1] _______ Language Initiative.It will[S2] ______ the departments of State, Education and Defense, and the[S3] _______ of National Intelligence.The plan [S4] ____ for teaching foreign languages to more children, as early as at the age of four.It also[S5] ____ to increase foreign language[S6] _________ in college and[S7] ________ school.The hope is to bring more foreign language speakersinto government [S8] ______.And [S9] _________________________________________________ to increase the number of military officers who speak foreign languages.Officials say

[S10] _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________.The plan also calls for sending more American students to other countries for part of their college studies.And [S11] ___________________________________________ ____________________________________________.

第三篇：大學新世紀英語作文

Unit one

The offensive had already lasted three days, but we had not gained much ground Our troops engaging the enemy at the front were faced with strong resistance.The division commander instructed our battalion to take a gamble.We started under cover of darkness and pressed on in spite of great difficulties.By a stroke of luck, the temperature at night suddenly dropped to 20 degrees celsiusand the marsh froze over.Thanks to the cold weather, we arrived at our destination before dawn and began attacking the enemy from the rear.This turned the tide of the battle.The enemy ,caught off guard, soon surrendered.Unit three

Well begun is half done, as the saying goes.It is extremely important for a job applicant to do his homework while seeking employment.From my standpoint, whether or not one has done his homework clearly makes a difference in his chance of success.I have a friend who is earning somewhere in the neighborhood of 100 thousand dollars a year in a large computer software prepared.Those who make no endeavor to learn as much about his prospective employer as possible don’t have much of chance of success.Unit four

Professor Huntington’s paper greatly inspired me.According to him, in a pluralistic society, this will inevitably be different opinions.The key is to deal with them in such a way that they can play a constructive rather than destructive role.He argues that in a plural society we must stress importance to interpersonal relationships, cooperation, and looking at issues from the perspective of other people.If some groups regard themselves as superior and treat other ethnic groups or religions with disrespect, the whole society may be paralyzed.I am convinced that if we put into practice the ideas mentioned above, then there is the possibility of creating a new civilization.Unit seven

A severe earthquake occurred all of a sudden at 10 a.m.yesterday in a rural area,about 200 kilometers east of the city.Initial reports coming out of the region indicate the earthquake has caused widespread damage and heavy casualties.Many adolescents were among those injured or killed.Yet it remains obscure exactly how many people were hurt and killed as the entire area has been enveloped in rubble.However , one thing is certain: many face years of pain and suffering.Local people were clearly shaken by this reminder of their mortality.Some religious ones have gathered to pray that it will never recur.

第四篇：新世紀大學英語4Cloze

Unit 1

Man has a blood tie with nature and nobody can live outside nature.Nature provides us with everything we need: the air we breathe, the water we drink, and the food we eat.For quite a long time after man began to live in the r____________(1)of nature, he lived in fear of its destructive forces.He used to regard nature with its e____________(2)forces as something hostile to him.And even the forest was something wild and frightening to him.Very often, he was unable to o____________(3)the merest daily necessities though he worked together with others s____________(4)and collectively with his imperfect tools.Through his interaction with nature, man changed it gradually.He cut down forest, cultivated land, t____________(5)various species of plants and animals to different climatic conditions, changed the shape and climate of his environment and t ____________(6)plants and animals.He s____________(7)and disciplined electricity and compelled it to serve the interests of society.Nonetheless, with the constant e____________(8)of agriculture and industry, man has robbed nature too much of its i____________(9)resources, polluted his own living environment and caused about 95% of the species that have existed over the past 600 million years to become e ____________(10)and still many others to be endangered.The previous d(11)balance between man and nature is on the v ____________(12)of breaking down.Man is now faced with the problem of how to stop, or at least to m ____________(13)the destructive effect of technology on nature.The crisis of the e ____________(14)situation has become a global problem.The solution to the problem depends on r ____________(15)and wise organization both of production itself and care for Mother Nature.This can only be done by all humanity, rather than by individuals, enterprises or separate countries.realm 2 elemental 3 obtain 4 stubbornly 5 transferred 6 transformed 7 subdued 8 expansion 9 irreplaceable 10 extinct 11 dynamic 12 verge 13 moderate 14 ecological 15 rational

Unit 2

Technology is a “hot” issue nowadays.The defenders of technology stress its advantages while the opponents e ____________(1)its disadvantages.Neither side has ever taken the time to look at the o ____________(2)point of view.The defenders of technology hold that with technology, people's living conditions have been greatly i ____________(3).For example, the boom in productivity has made goods better and cheaper.Therefore, things that were once l ____________(4), such as jet travel and long-distance phone calls, have become necessities.Medical technology, in particular, has b ____________(5)us a lot, especially in prolonging life expectancy.On the other hand, the opponents of technology argue that technology makes life o____________(6)worse.Telemarketing, traffic jams, and identity theft are all phenomena that make people c____________(7)unhappy.In addition, many people believe technology disrupts relationships and f____________(8)community.Ever since the Industrial Revolution, the relationship between happiness and technology has been an e____________(9)subject for social critics and philosophers, though economists and social scientists have seldom touched on the topic.However, in 1974 the economist Richard Easterlin did g____________(10)work on the relationship between prosperity and well-being.In his famous paper e____________(11)“Does Economic Growth Improve the Human Lot?”, Easterlin showed that there was no real c ____________(12)between a nation's income level and its citizens' happiness in the developed countries.In fact, technology is neither good nor bad.It d____________(13)on what we want to do with it.Therefore, the responsibility belongs e ____________(14)to humans who have to acquire a social conscience, to respect human beings, nature and its balances.emphasize 2 opposite 3 improved 4 luxuries 5 benefited 6 obviously 7 consciously 8 fractures 9 eternal 10 groundbreaking 11 entitled 12 correlation 13 depends 14 exclusively

Unit 3

According to Craig Russell, when we make an initial effort in our personal quests for knowledge, we may not even know that a certain field of learning exists.But, after we have done some reading, we will get to know more about the t____________(1).At the same time, we may feel that all the reading c ____________(2)more questions rather than answers them.We then realize how little we r____________(3)know and how much more we need to read and think and write.Russell suggests that we write after reading each time.His experience tells him that it is his writing that has led him to acquire a better g ____________(4)of the topic he studies.People may think that only those who know and who are s____________(5)of themselves write.For

Russell, however, it's just the o____________(6), for writing doesn't close things off – it opens things up.To say that the more we know, the more we know we don't know seems c____________(7).According to Russell, modern physics tells us that r ____________(8)itself is contradictory.The more closely scientists look into our p ____________(9)reality, the more it slips away from them.In a way, the more they learn, the less they know.Craig Russell believes that a proper understanding will inevitably lead us away from the force and r____________(10)of dogmatism and toward the flexibility and freedom of the i____________(11).Therefore, we must temper our pride in knowing with the h ____________(12)of not knowing.The truth always exists there, but, it is like the r ____________(13)because we can never really grasp it, never hold it in our hands and truly know it.We can only, as William James said, “live today by what truth we can get today and be ready to call it f ____________(14)tomorrow”.topic 2 creates 3 really 4 grasp 5 sure 6 opposite 7 contradictory 8 reality 9 physical 10 rigidity 11 individual 12 humility 13 rainbow 14 falsehood

Unit 4

Most people have work to do.With work, they can e____________(1)their lives.However, people who did p____________(2)labor were looked down upon in the past.Many people were c ____________(3)to take manual labor because it was an absolute n____________(4)for them to earn a living and to s____________(5)their families.By contrast, people who did m____________(6)work were highly respected.Under the influence of this idea, even today some people still i____________(7)their future when making choices for their career.What they care most about is whether the job can give them enough social s____________(8)rather than whether they can realize their v____________(9)in it.In their eyes, those who do manual labor should still be c____________(10)as inferior in social status.In fact, there is no e ____________(11)difference between those who work with their hands and those who work with their m ____________(12).Whether a job is labor or work does not depend on the job itself but on people's a____________(13)towards it.As long as you like your job, you will think you are f____________(14)enough to take it and you will do it enthusiastically.enjoy 2 physical 3 compelled 4 necessity 5 support 6 mental 7 idealize 8 status 9 values 10 classified 11essential 12 mind 13 attitude 14 fortunate

Unit 5

What does success mean to you? Does it mean wealth, fame, power or something else? Different people have different pursuits in life so they understand success in different ways.Some people c____________(1)money their whole lives.To them, more money means more success.Some people run after fame.With fame and r____________(2), they can gain the admiration and love of many others.However, some people d____________(3)themselves to the well-being of society.Doubtlessly, money is something that can be used as a r ____________(4)to those who have done valuable work.Those who perform their work excellently should be paid s____________(5).But success cannot be m____________(6)in monetary terms, nor in terms of the amount of power one may exercise over others.After all, money and power can a____________(7)people neither of happiness nor of respect from others.Fame, too, is a flawed measure of success.M ____________(8)fame can bring great joy to those who have it for a time.But they are very likely to become the slaves of their c ____________(9)because of the public’s demands.In addition, they will easily become the t____________(10)of everyone who disagrees with them and of the media as well.To be f ____________(11), if one is unable to fully enjoy life and l ____________(12), the short-lived success is nothing but i ____________(13).Therefore, to achieve the right kind of success is vitally important.As long as one can combine his own material needs and spiritual satisfaction with those of the well-being of society, he should be held in high r ____________(14).chase 2 reputation 3 dedicate 4 reward 5 sufficiently 6 measured 7 assure 8 Momentary 9 celebrity 10 target 11 frank 12 liberty 13 illusory 14 regard

Unit 6

Truth is a fact accepted as true, for which proof exists.Truth is a great principle, without which beauty may fade and love may w ____________(1).Those who uphold truth have a strong s____________(2)of responsibility.Those who hold firmly to truth are f____________(3)to their duty and the people they serve.They c ____________(4)themselves to the well-being of others.With a ____________(5)to make a contribution to society, they are ready to correct their own mistakes, if any.It can be said that they are men of moral integrity who never ask for g ____________(6)in return.Truth d ____________(7)upon us slowly but surely.In the long quest for truth, people have a____________(8)precious knowledge and experience.However, truth also needs n ____________(9)just as plants need water, because many people are too p____________(10)with petty and sometimes even mean concerns to respond to the great beauty of truth when it f____________(11)or they frequently fail to appreciate truth when it is t ____________(12).In short, truth is an invaluable asset to the whole of humanity.Stick to the truth and we will w____________(13)a timeless pattern, and earn the respect and esteem of others, e____________(14)the world today above its present imperfections and place ourselves in the proud position of promoting the good of the humanity.wither 2 sense 3 faithful 4 commit 5 aspirations 6 gratitude 7 dawns 8 accumulated 9 nourishment 10 preoccupied 11 flowers 12 tendered 13 weave 14 elevate

Unit 7

We often hear people say, “Time is money.” But today many Americans have come to realize that the crazy pursuit of money is leaving them too little time to enjoy life.They are tired of working just for the l____________(1)of life and are beginning to change their fast-paced lifestyles for a simple and f____________(2)one, hoping to keep family, friends, work and play all of a piece.For some people, creating a more balanced life involves changing jobs or locations.For others, it means t____________(3)two incomes for one, in which case they must c____________(4)expenses.So some have sold out their s____________(5)homes and moved into smaller houses.They have given up the extra cars, unnecessary modern conveniences, and expensive h ____________(6).They now do things by themselves to avoid paying for the services of others.They resist the temptation to purchase things on i ____________(7)and spend money only on b____________

(8)necessities and things that do not make w____________(9)use of the earth's resources.However, they do not d____________(10)themselves what they like or enjoy.The change in their lifestyle is not one involving d____________(11);it is just simplification.They believe that they can still live a happy and fulfilling life on less money.Indeed, whether we can m ____________(12)a healthy lifestyle or not does not depend on how wealthy we are but on whether we have the r____________(13)and courage to discard our old c____________(14)habits.luxuries 2 frugal 3 trading 4 curtail 5 splendid 6 hobbies 7 impulse 8 bare 9 wasteful 10 deny 11 deprivation 12 maintain 13 resolve 14 consumption

Unit 8

The Story of an Hour

leaves us much to think about.In the story, when Richards, who worked in the newspaper office, learned that his friend Brently Mallard had been killed in a railroad d____________(1), he was greatly shocked.He only waited until he was a____________(2)by a second telegram and then he h ____________(3)to go to Josephine, sister of Brently's wife, and asked her to break the news as g____________(4)as possible to her sister because he knew Mrs.Mallard was a____________(5)with a heart trouble.He was afraid that if someone less t____________(6)brought the message to her ahead of him, there might be dreadful consequences.People usually expect a wife to accept such sad news with a p____________(7)inability, but Mrs.Mallard did not.At the news, she wept at once, with sudden, wild a____________(8)in her sister's arms, and then she went to her own room, forbidding anyone else to go in.When she was alone, she felt something s____________(9)coming to her, which gradually came to her mind, beginning to p____________(10)her.Hard as she tried, she couldn't get rid of the feeling.What was it? She didn't know.However, a clear and excited p____________(11)occupied her which made her regard her husband's death no longer as something important, because beyond that bitter moment she saw a long p ____________(12)of years to come that would belong to her absolutely, during which her husband would not i ____________(13)his will upon her any more.Just at that moment, her husband came back, t____________(14), carrying his briefcase and umbrella.Seeing him, she died of a sudden heart attack.disaster 2 assured 3 hastened 4 gently 5 afflicted 6 tender 7 paralyzed 8 abandonment 9 subtle 10 possess11 perception 12 procession 13 impose 14 travel-stained

第五篇：新世紀大學英語二全文翻譯

新世紀大學英語綜合教程2UNIT1、2、4翻譯

我原諒你

并非只有婚姻關系才需要寬恕。我們與子女、朋友、同事、鄰居。甚至陌生人相處時同樣需要寬恕。事實上，沒有寬恕的氧氣。任何人際關系都無從維系。寬恕并不是脾氣好的人們才擁有的特質，它是所有關系的必要條件，也是自己身心健康不可缺少的。、有些人可能認為自己受傷太深、次數太多，無法寬恕、可耐人尋味的是，恰恰是被傷得最深的人，才真正需要寬恕別人。原因很簡單：仇恨就像癌癥。會毀掉宿主。如果不盡快鏟除。它就會生根發芽，是那些執意仇恨無法釋懷的人受傷甚至死亡。

因為事實是。除非我們能寬恕他人，否則就永遠無法恢復。傷口會繼續潰爛，永不愈合。中國有句古諺，“復仇者必自絕”

對有些人來說。寬恕他人似乎是不可能的，因為他們根本不知從何做起，首先你要接受一個非常重要的事實：他人并不是件容易的事。事實上，對于我們大多數人來說。這也許是最難做到的。

被傷害的是我們，卻還要寬恕他人，這似乎毫無公平可言。然而這正是寬恕的關鍵所在。看見東西的三天

大家都讀過一些令人激動的故事，這些故事里的主人公僅僅活在有限并且特定的時間內，有時長達一年，有時短到24小時。但我們總是有興趣發現。那命中注定要死的是那些有選擇自由的人，而不是那些活動范圍被嚴格限定了的判了刑的犯人。

這樣的故事讓我們思考，在相似的情況下，我們該怎么辦，作為終有一死的人。在那最終的幾個小時內安排什么事件，什么經歷，什么交往？在回顧往事時，我們該找到什么快樂？什么悔恨？

有時我想到。過好每一天是個非常好的習慣。似乎我們明天就會死去。這種態度鮮明地強調了生命的價值。我們應該以優雅、精力充沛、善知樂趣的方式過好每一天。而當歲月推移，在經常瞻觀未來之時日，未來之年月中，這些又常常失去。當然也有人愿按伊壁鳩魯的信條“吃、喝和歡樂”去生活，但絕大多數人還是被即將面臨死亡的必然性所折磨。

但是我們大多數人把生活認為是理所當然的。我們知道，某一天我們一定會死，但通常我們把那天想象在遙遠的將來。當我們心寬體健時，死亡幾乎是不可想象的，我們很少想到它、時日在無窮的展望中延展著。于是我們干著瑣碎的事情，幾乎意識不到我們對生活的倦怠態度。

恐怕，同倦的懶散也成為利用我們所有的感覺和本能的特點，只有聾子才珍惜聽力，唯有瞎子才體會到能看見事物的種種幸福、這種結論特別適合于那些在成年階段失去視力和聽力的人們。而那些從沒有遭受視覺或聽覺損傷之苦的人卻很少充分利用這些天賜的官能。他們模模糊糊的眼觀八方，耳聽各音，毫無重點，不會鑒賞，還是那相同的老話，對我們的健康意識不到，直至生病時。

我常常想。如果每個人在他成年的早期有一段致瞎致聾，那會是一種幸事，黑暗會使他更珍惜視力，寂靜會教導他享受聲音。

我不時的詢問過我的能看見東西的朋友們，以了解他們看到什么。最近，我的一個很好的朋友來看我。她剛從一片森林里散步許久回來，我問她看到了什么，她答道：“沒什么特別的”。如果我不是習慣了聽到這種回答。我都可能不相信，因為很久以來我已確信這種情況：能看到的人卻看不到什么。我獨自一人，在林子里散步一小時之久而沒有看到任何值得注意的東西。那怎么可能呢？我自己、一個不能看見東西的人，僅僅通過觸覺，都發現許許多多令我有興趣的東西。我感觸到一片樹葉完美的對稱性。我用手喜愛的撫摸過一株白樺那光潮的樹皮，或一棵松樹的粗糙樹皮。春天，我摸著樹干的枝條滿懷希望地搜索著嫩芽，那是嚴冬的沉睡后，大自然蘇醒的

第一個跡象。我撫摸過花朵那令人愉快的天鵝絨般的質地，感覺到他那奇妙的卷繞，一些大自然奇跡向我展現了。有時，如果我很幸運，我把手輕輕地放在一棵小樹上，還能感受到一只高聲歌唱的小鳥的愉快呢顫抖、我十分快樂的讓小溪澗的涼水穿過我張開的手指流淌過去、對我來說，一片茂密的地毯式的松針葉或松軟而富彈性的草地比最豪華的波斯地毯更受歡迎、對我來說四季的壯觀而華麗的展示是一部令人激動的、無窮盡的戲劇。這部戲劇的表演，通過我的手指尖端涌淌出來。

有時，由于渴望能看見這一切東西。我的內心在哭泣。如果說僅憑我的觸覺我就能感受到這么多的愉快。那么憑視覺該有多少美麗的東西顯露出來。然而，那些能看見的人明顯的看得很少，充滿世間的色彩和動作的景象被當成理所當然、或許。這是人性共有的特點。對我們具有的不怎么欣賞。而對我們不具有的卻渴望得到，然而，這是一個極大地遺憾，在光明的世界里，視力的天賦僅僅作為一種方便之用，而沒有作為增添生活美滿的手段。啊，如果我要有哪怕3天的視力。多少事我該看啊！

選擇樂觀

作者：里奇·德沃斯

①假如你預料某事結局不妙，結果可能真會如此。悲觀的想法很少落空。不過這個法則反過來也成立。假如你覺得會有好事發生，通常就會交上好運！樂觀與成功之間似乎有一種天然的因果關系。

②樂觀和悲觀都具有強大的力量，我們每個人必須選擇其一，來塑造自己的前途和理想。每個人的生命中都有足夠的幸運與不幸——豐富的哀傷和喜悅、充足的歡欣與痛苦——令我們找到或樂觀或悲觀的理由。我們可以選擇哭或是笑、祝福或是詛咒。這完全取決于我們自己：用什么樣的眼光去看待生活？是積極向上，還是垂頭喪氣？

③我信守積極向上的態度。對積極的東西我濃墨重彩，對消極的東西則一筆帶過。我是樂天派，既是天生如此，也因后天選擇所致。誠然，我知道生命中會有傷痛。我已經七十多歲了，經歷過不止一次的危機。但是，當一切塵埃落定，我發現生命中的美好遠比丑惡多。

④樂觀的態度不是奢侈品，它是我們生活的必需品。你看待生活的方式將決定你的感受、你的表現，以及你與他人相處得怎樣。反過來，悲觀的想法、態度和期待也會自成因 果：它們是能自我實現的預言。

悲觀會制造出無人愿往的黑暗之地。

⑤多年前，我驅車去一個加油站加油。那天天氣很好，我的心情也不錯。當我走進加油站付油錢時，服務員問我： “你感覺怎樣？”這問題有點古怪，不過，我感覺很好，于是便照實回答了他。“你臉色不好，”他回答。這話讓我大吃一驚。我告訴他我的感覺從未像現在這么好，但已不像開始那么底氣十足了，而他則毫無顧忌地繼續大講我的氣色如何 差，還說我膚色發黃。

⑥在離開加油站的時候，我覺得有點心神不寧。駛出一個街區之后，我把車停在路旁，對著鏡子看著自己的臉。我感覺如何？我的臉色那么差嗎？一切都正常嗎？等我回到家里，我已經開始覺得有點想吐。我的肝臟出了毛病嗎？是不是染上了什么怪病？

⑦再次光顧那個加油站時，我還是感覺很好，我弄明白了個中蹊蹺。這個地方不久前把墻漆上了一種搶眼但又難看的黃色，墻面反射的光線使里面的每一個人看起來都像得了肝炎。不知道有多少人有過與我類似的反應。和一個根本不認識的人的一次短短對話竟然改變了我整整一天的心情。他說我面帶病容，沒過多久，我就真的覺得不舒服。那一句消極的話就大大影響了我的感覺和行為。

⑧唯一比否定態度更有力量的是積極的肯定，充滿樂觀與希望的話語。最讓我心存感激的一件事情，就是我生長的這個國度有著偉大的樂觀主義傳統。如果一種文化從整體上采取積極向上的態度，不可思議的事情也能變成現實。人們若把世界看作光明與希望之地，他們將被賦予努力進取和成就功業的力量。

⑨樂觀不意味著幼稚。在保持樂觀的同時，你仍然能意識到問題的存在，意識到有些問題非常棘手。樂觀帶來的改變在于面對問題的態度。比方說，這些年我總是聽到有人抱怨用于太空計劃的錢是被白白浪費了。他們會說：“與其花4億5千5百萬美元把一個人送上月球，為什么不把這些錢用來解決地球上的貧窮問題呢？”但當你追問他們打算如何用這些錢來消除貧困時，大多數人又會無言以對。我對他們說： “告訴我一個解決辦法，我會為你們籌到錢。”以積極的方式思考如何解決問題，而不是對花在別的項目上的金錢妄加挑剔。實際上，美國的太空計劃帶來了許多有價值的發現，全人類都從中受益。

⑩樂觀精神使我們的注意力從消極的否定態度轉向積極 的、建設性的思考。樂觀主義者更關心如何解決問題，而不是毫無意義地怨天尤人。事實上，如果沒有樂觀精神，像貧窮這樣嚴重而且現正存在的問題是無望解決的。解決這樣的問題需要一個夢想家——一個擁有九死不悔的樂觀、矢志不移的堅韌和無限信心的人。何去何從，由你決定。

2-2

Three Days to See

All of us have read thrilling stories in which the hero had only a limited and specified time to live.Sometimes it was as long as a year;sometimes as short as twenty-four hours.But always we were interested in discovering just how the doomed man chose to spend his last days or his last hours.I speak, of course, of free men who have a choice, not condemned criminals whose sphere of activities is strictly delimited.Such stories set us thinking, wondering what we should do under similar circumstances.What events, what experiences, what associations should we crowd into those last hours as mortal beings? What happiness should we find in reviewing the past, what regrets?

Sometimes I have thought it would be an excellent rule to live each day as if we should die tomorrow.Such an attitude would emphasize sharply the values of life.We should live each day with a gentleness, a vigor, and a keenness of appreciation which are often lost when time stretches before us in the constant panorama of more days and months and years to come.There are those, of course, who would adopt the Epicurean motto of “Eat, drink, and be merry,” but most people would be chastened by the certainty of impending death

Most of us, however, take life for granted.We know that one day we must die, but usually we picture that day as far in the future.When we are in buoyant health, death is all but unimaginable.We seldom think of it.The days stretch out in an endless vista.So we go about our petty tasks, hardly aware of our listless attitude toward life.The same lethargy, I am afraid, characterizes the use of all our faculties and senses.Only the deaf appreciate hearing, only the blind realize the manifold blessings that lie in sight.Particularly does this observation apply to those who have lost sight and hearing in adult life.But those who have never suffered impairment of sight or hearing seldom make

the fullest use of these blessed faculties.Their eyes and ears take in all sights and sounds hazily, without concentration and with little appreciation.It is the same old story of not being grateful for what we have until we lose it, of not being conscious of health until we are ill.I have often thought it would be a blessing if each human being were stricken blind and deaf for a few days at some time during his early adult life.Darkness would make him more appreciative of sight;silence would tech him the joys of sound.Now and them I have tested my seeing friends to discover what they see.Recently I was visited by a very good friends who had just returned from a long walk in the woods, and I asked her what she had observed..“Nothing in particular, ” she replied.I might have been incredulous had I not been accustomed to such reposes, for long ago I became convinced

that the seeing see little.How was it possible, I asked myself, to walk for an hour through the woods and see nothing worthy of note? I who cannot see find hundreds of things to interest me

through mere touch.I feel the delicate symmetry of a leaf.I pass my hands lovingly about the smooth skin of a silver birch, or the rough, shaggy bark of a pine.In the spring I touch the

branches of trees hopefully in search of a bud the first sign of awakening Nature after her winter's sleep.I feel the delightful, velvety texture of a flower, and discover its remarkable convolutions;and something of the miracle of Nature is revealed to me.Occasionally, if I am very fortunate, I place my hand gently on a small tree and feel the happy

quiver of a bird in full song.I am delighted to have the cool waters of a brook rush thought my open finger.To me a lush carpet of pine needles or spongy grass is more welcome than the most luxurious Persian rug.To me the page ant of seasons is a thrilling and unending drama, the action of which streams through my finger tips.At times my heart cries out with longing to see all these things.If I can get so much pleasure from mere touch, how much more beauty must be revealed by sight.Yet, those who have eyes apparently see little.the panorama of color and action which fills the world is taken for granted.It is human, perhaps, to appreciate little that which we have and to long for that which we have not, but it is a great pity that in the world of light the gift of sight is used only as a mere conveniences rather than as a means of adding fullness to life.Oh, the things that I should see if I had the power of sight for three days.看見東西的三天

海倫?凱勒

------------------

我們大家都讀過一些令人激動的故事，這些故事里的主人公僅僅活在有限并且特定的時間內，有時長達一年，有時短到２４小時。但我們總是有興趣發現，那命中注定要死的是那些有選擇自由的人，而不是那些活動范圍被嚴格限定了的判了刑的犯人。

這樣的故事讓我們思考，在相似的情況下，我們該怎么辦，作為終有一死的人，在那最

終的幾個小時內安排什么事件，什么經歷，什么交往？在回顧往事時，我們該找到什么快樂？什么悔恨？

有時我想到，過好每一天是個非常好的習慣，似乎我們明天就會死去。這種態度鮮明地強調了生命的價值。我們應該以優雅、精力充沛、善知樂趣的方式過好每一天。而當歲月推移，在經常瞻觀未來之時日、未來之年月中，這些又常常失去。當然，也有人愿按伊壁鳩魯的信條“吃、喝和歡樂”去生活。（譯注：伊壁鳩魯是古希臘哲學家，他認為生活的主題目的是享樂，而最高的享受唯通過合理的生活，如自我控制才能得到。因為生活享受的目的被過分強調，而達此目的之手段被忽視，所以伊壁鳩魯的信徒現今變為追求享樂的人。他們的信條是：“讓我們吃喝，因為明天我們就死亡”），但絕大多數人還是被即將面臨死亡的必然性所折磨。

但是，我們大多數人把生活認為是理所當然的。我們知道，某一天我們一定會死，但通常我們把那天想象在遙遠的將來。當我們心寬體健時，死亡幾乎是不可想象的，我們很少想到它。時日在無窮的展望中延展著，于是我們干著瑣碎的事情，幾乎意識不到我們對生活的倦怠態度。

恐怕，同倦的懶散也成為利用我們所有的本能和感覺的特點。只有聾子才珍惜聽力，唯有瞎子才體會到能看見事物的種種幸福，這種結論特別適合于那些在成年階段失去視力和聽力的人們，而那些從沒有遭受視覺或聽覺損傷之苦的人卻很少充分利用這些天賜的官能。他們模模糊糊地眼觀八方，耳聽各音，毫無重點，不會鑒賞，還是那相同的老話，對我們所有的官能不知珍惜，直至失去它，對我們的健康意識不到，直至生病時。

我常常想，如果每個人在他成年的早期有一段時間致瞎致聾，那會是一種幸事，黑暗會使他更珍惜視力，寂靜會教導他享受聲音。

我不時地詢問過我的能看見東西的朋友們，以了解他們看到什么。最近，我的一個很好的朋友來看我，她剛從一片森林里散步許久回來，我問她看到了什么，她答道：“沒什么特別的。”如果我不是習慣了聽到這種回答，我都可能不相信，因為很久以來我已確信這個情況：能看得見的人卻看不到什么。

我獨自一人，在林子里散步一小時之久而沒有看到任何值得注意的東西，那怎么可能呢？我自己，一個不能看見東西的人，僅僅通過觸覺，都發現許許多多令我有興趣的東西。我感觸到一片樹葉的完美的對稱性。我用手喜愛地撫摸過一株白樺那光潮的樹皮，或一棵松

樹的粗糙樹皮。春天，我摸著樹干的枝條滿懷希望地搜索著嫩芽，那是嚴冬的沉睡后，大自然蘇醒的第一個跡象。我撫摸過花朵那令人愉快的天鵝絨般的質地，感覺到它那奇妙的卷繞，一些大自然奇跡向我展現了。有時，如果我很幸運，我把手輕輕地放在一棵小樹上，還能感受到一只高聲歌唱的小鳥的愉快顫抖，我十分快樂地讓小溪澗的涼水穿過我張開的手指流淌過去。對我來說，一片茂密的地毯式的松針葉或松軟而富彈性的草地比最豪華的波斯地毯更受歡迎。對我來說四季的壯觀而華麗的展示是一部令人激動的、無窮盡的戲劇。這部戲劇的表演，通過我的手指尖端涌淌出來。

有時，由于渴望能看到這一切東西，我的內心在哭泣。如果說僅憑我的觸覺我就能感受到這么多的愉快，那么憑視覺該有多少美麗的東西顯露出來。然而，那些能看見的人明顯地看得很少，充滿世間的色彩和動作的景象被當成理所當然，或許，這是人性共有的特點；對我們具有的不怎么欣賞，而對我們不具有的卻渴望得到。然而，這是一個極大的遺憾，在光明的世界里，視力的天賦僅僅作為一種方便之用，而沒有作為增添生活美滿的手段。

啊，如果我要有哪怕３天的視力，多少事我該看啊！

2-5 Why Character Counts Stephen R.Covey

close1 Some time ago I was asked to consult for a bank that was having a problem with employee morale.“I don't know what's wrong,” complained their young president sadly.Bright and attractively capable, he'd risen through the ranks only to see his institution faltering.Productivity and profits were down.He blamed his employees.“No matter what incentives I provide,” he said, “they won't shake off this gloom and doom.”

品德為什么重要

斯蒂芬·R·科維

前一段時間，我應邀去一家銀行做咨詢，因為那里員工士氣不振。“我不知道問題出在哪里，”年輕的總裁傷心地抱怨道。他聰明而且特別能干，一步一步爬到現在的位置，卻發現銀行步履維艱，效率和收益都很

低。他覺得問題出在員工身上。他說：“不論我采用什么樣的激勵措施，他們總是死氣沉沉，提不起精神。”close

2RT He was right.The atmosphere seemed poisoned with suspicion

and lack of trust.For two months I ran workshops, but nothing helped.I was stumped.他說得不假，空氣中似乎充滿了懷疑和不信任的毒氣。我花了兩個月的時間舉辦各種研討會，但全都無濟于事。我無計可施了。close 3RT Finally, in more casual conversations, the truth emerged.The boss, who was married, was having an affair with an employee.And everyone knew it.最后，在閑談中真相浮現了。老板已經結婚，卻與一名員工有染，這件事公司上下盡人皆知。close 4RT It was obvious now that the company's poor performance was caused by his conduct.But the greatest damage this man was doing was to himself.He was thinking only of his own pleasure and satisfaction disregarding long-term consequences.Moreover, he had violated a sacred trust with his wife.如此看來，公司業績欠佳，顯然是他的行為所造成的。但這個人所造成的最大損害，是對他自己。他只顧自己一時的享樂和滿足，不管長遠的后果，而且，他也褻瀆了與妻子之間神圣的信任。close 5RT In a word, his failing was one of character.簡而言之，他錯在品行不端。close 6RT What Really Matters

Character is made up of those principles and values that give your life direction, meaning and depth.These constitute your inner sense of what's right and wrong based not on laws or rules of conduct but on who you are.品德是由原則和價值觀組成，能夠為你的生活指引方向，賦予你的生活以意義和深度。這些構成了你內心判斷正誤的標準，不是基于法律或行為準則，而是基于你個人。close 7RT They include such traits as integrity, honesty, courage, fairness

and generosity which arise from the hard choices we have to make in life.So, wrong is simply in doing wrong, not in getting caught.它們包括了正直、誠實、勇氣、公平、慷慨等特點，來自于我們在生活中必須做出的艱難抉擇。所以做錯了就是做錯了，而不在于有沒有被人發現。close 8RT Yet some people wonder if our inner values matter anymore.After all, hasn't our noted bank executive succeeded in every visible way, despite his moral failing?

然而，有些人會懷疑，我們的內在價值還重要嗎？畢竟，我們這位有名的銀行主管盡管品行不端，還不是照樣在各方面很成功？close 9RT This question demonstrates a dilemma of our modern life.Many have come to believe that the only things we need for success are talent, energy and personality.But history has taught us that who we are is more important than who we appear to be.這個問題反映了現代生活的一個困境。很多人已經開始相信：要成功，只要有天分、精力和個性就夠了。然而，回顧歷史，我們會發現，內在品質比外在特征更加重要。close 10RT During the nation's first century and a half, almost everything in the literature of success and self-help focused on what could be called the character ethic.Such eminent figures as Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Jefferson made clear their belief that we can only experience true success and happiness by making character the guideline of our lives.在我國歷史最初的150多年中，幾乎所有關于成功與自勵的文獻都聚焦在可稱為品德標準方面。本杰明·富蘭克林和托馬斯·杰斐遜等杰出人物很清楚地表明了他們的看法：只有讓品德成為我們的指南，才能體驗真正的成功與幸福。close 11RT After we moved into the industrial age and after World War I, the basic view of success shifted to what we could call the personality ethic.Success became more a function of charm, skills and techniques that lubricate the process of human interaction.Rather than struggle with difficult issues of right and wrong, we turned to making things run smoothly.close12RT Some of that philosophy expressed itself with harmless but superficial mottoes, such as “smiling wins more friends than frowning”.Other ideas were even deceptive, faking interest in others' hobbies so they will like you, for instance.這種哲學可以從一些無害然而淺薄的說法中看出端倪，比如，“微笑能比皺眉贏得更多朋友。”其他的想法甚至帶有欺騙性質，例如假裝對別人的愛好感興趣好讓他們喜歡你。close 13RT With a value system based solely on skill and personality, we find heroes in athletes, musicians and in powerful business executives.But despite the admiration we feel for these achievers, we shouldn't necessarily look upon them as role models.While skill is certainly needed for success, it can never guarantee happiness and fulfillment.These come from developing character.在這種完全基于技能與個性的價值體系指導下，我們視運動員、音樂家或有權有勢的商界主管為偶像。不過，盡管我們欽羨這些成功人士，我們倒也未必要奉他們為楷模。技巧固然是成功所必需的，但技能從來無法保證一個人的幸福和滿足感。這二者有賴于品德的塑造。close

14RT Start at Home

You can begin to build character at any age.The key is learning how to look within to work inside out.品德的塑造是可以從任何年齡段開始的，關鍵是要學會如何內省，然后由內而外，推己及人。close 15RT With the inside-out approach, private victories precede public victories.These private victories are simply promises you make to yourself and others and then keep.由內而外，個人生活中的成就便能引發公共生活的成就，而個人生活的成就無非是堅守你對自己和他人的承諾而已。close 16RT Day by day, as you make and keep increasingly challenging

promises, you will be making deposits in your “character account”.What begins as great effort will eventually become a habit.And as you get into the habit of building character in the smaller areas of your life, your ability to develop character strength in more important spheres will grow.日復一日，你許下并恪守越來越有挑戰性的諾言，你也同時在往你的“道德賬戶”上存“錢”。一開始需要很努力去做的事情，最終將成為習慣。逐步養成了在生活中一些較次要的方面塑造品德的習慣之后，你在更重要的領域培養品德力量的能力也會隨之增強。close 17RT Private victories therefore lead to your larger public victories.For instance, to gain more freedom to think and act in your job, you must first be a more responsible employee.To create a happy marriage, first be the kind of person who generates love, generosity, dependability and trust.個人生活的成功因此能造就更大的公眾生活的成功。比如說，要在工作中獲得更高的職位，你首先得是一個責任心更強的員工。要締造幸福的婚姻，自己首先就要做一個有愛心、慷慨、可靠而又誠實的人。close 18RT There's no more essential ingredient for character growth than trust.Whether it is trust we earn from colleagues or a spouse, it is built slowly over time in an infinite variety of circumstances.在品德成熟的過程中，沒有哪一種因素會比信任更加關鍵的了。不管是同事的信任還是配偶的信任，都是在無窮變化的環境中日積月累而沉淀下來的。close 19RT Another way to build character is to admit your mistakes.Character is revealed in how we handle things that go wrong.另一個塑造品德的方法就是承認自己的錯誤。處理錯誤的方式也能體現我們的品德。close 20RT The best opportunities to build character, however, are within our families, where we are constantly tested and most vulnerable to lapses.True character begins at home.然而，塑造品德的最佳機會是在家庭內部，在家里我們時時經受考驗，也最容易犯錯。真正的品德始于家庭。close 21RT Often we sense that we can get away with things around those who know us best, who will love us regardless of our conduct.This can end up destroying our character and our relationships.How often have we heard of someone who is an excellent employee but treats his or her spouse like a piece of furniture? 我們常常會覺得，跟最了解我們、不管我們做了什么都會依然愛我們的人在一起，總是能免受懲罰。結果呢，我們的品德受損，關系也遭到了破壞。我們會不會經常聽說這樣的人，比如一個很出色的員工，卻把自己的配偶當作一件家具那樣對待？close 22RT All our relationships follow the patterns of life;they have ups and downs.This is why our families provide a critical measure of our character and the opportunity, again and again, to nurture it.我們所有的關系都遵循著生活的規律；都是有起有落的。這就是為什么我們的家庭能為我們的品德提供一個重要的量度，而且不斷提供機會滋養它。close 23RT What became of the bank president who was involved sexually with an employee? When I confided to him what I knew of his affair and the effect it was having on his staff, he ran his fingers through his hair.“I don't know where to begin,” he said.那個與員工有染的銀行總裁后來怎么樣了呢？我向他透露，我已經知道他的外遇，以及這件事對員工的影響，他用手指撓著頭發。“我不知道從何說起，”他說。close 24RT “Is it over?” “結束了嗎？”close

25RT He looked me directly in the eye.“Yes.Absolutely.” 他直視著我的眼睛。“結束了。絕對結束了。”close

26RT “Then begin by talking with your wife,” I answered.“那就先跟你妻子談談，”我說。close 27RT He told his wife, who forgave him.Then he called a meeting of his staff and addressed their morale problem.“I have found the cause of the problem,” he said.“It is me.I am asking you to give me another chance.” 他跟妻子說了，妻子原諒了他。接著，他召開了員工會議，討論士氣問題。他說：“我已經找到問題的根源了，問題就出在我自己身上。我現在請求大家再給我一個機會。”close

28RT It took time, but eventually the employees' morale, a sense of openness, optimism and trust improved.In the end, however, the

executive was doing himself the greatest favor.He was finding his own path to character.慢慢地，員工的士氣、開誠布公的氣氛、樂觀的情緒還有相互的信任最終都有了改觀。不過，說到底，這位主管自己是最大的受益者。他找到了修煉自己品德的道路。close

2-6 The Creative Personality Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi close1RT I have devoted 30 years of research to how creative people live and work.If I had to express in one word what makes their personalities different from others, it's complexity.They contain contradictory extremes;instead of being an “individual”, each of them is a “multitude”.創意性格

米哈伊?奇克森特米海伊

我花了30年的時間研究富有創意的人是如何生活和工作的。如果要用一個詞來概括他們的性格與常人的差別所在，那就是“復雜”。他們身上有著極其矛盾的特征，他們不是 “個體”，每個有創意的人都是“復合體”。close 2RT Here are some traits that are often found in creative people.These traits are integrated with each other in a dialectical

manner.下面就是富有創意的人身上常會具備的一些特征。這些特征有機組合、辯證統一。

close 3RT 1.Creative people have a great deal of physical energy, but they are also often quiet and at rest.They can work long hours with great concentration while

remaining fresh and enthusiastic all the time.This does not mean that creative people are always active.In fact, they rest often and sleep a lot.The important thing is that they know how to control their energy, which is not ruled by the calendar, the clock or an external schedule.When necessary, they can focus it like a laser beam;when not, creative types immediately recharge their batteries.This is not a biorhythm inherited with their genes;it was learned by trial and error as a strategy for achieving their goals.1.富有創意的人精力充沛，但也經常安靜地休息。他們可以注意力高度集中地工作很長時間，而始終神采奕奕、興致勃勃。這并不是說富有創意的人超級亢奮。事實上，他們經常休息，睡得也很多。重要的是，他們知道如何掌控自己的精力，而人 的精力并不是由日歷、時鐘或外在的日程安排來控制的。有必要時，他們就能像激光一樣專注；沒必要時，富有創意的人就會立刻開始充電。這不是得自遺傳基因的生物節奏；而是為達到目標而通過反復嘗試掌握的一種策略。close 4RT 2.Creative people tend to be smart yet naive at the same time.Another way of expressing this dialectic is the contrasting poles of wisdom and childishness.As Howard Gardner reveals in his study of the major creative geniuses of the 20th century, a certain immaturity, both emotional and mental, can go hand in hand with deepest

insights.2.富有創意的人往往精明而又天真。換句話說，這個矛盾體就是智慧和幼稚這兩個極端。霍華德?加德納對二十世紀的重

要創意天才進行了研究，結果表明，最深邃的洞察力可能與某種程度的不成熟（包括情感和思維方面的）共生共存。close 5RT Earlier studies on superior mental abilities show that children with very high IQs do well in life, but after a certain point, IQ does not seem to be correlated any longer with superior performance in real life.Later studies suggest that it might be difficult to do creative work with a lower IQ, but an IQ beyond 120 does not necessarily imply

higher creativity.以前對于卓越的思維能力的研究也表明，高智商兒童生活很成功，但過了一定的數值，智商似乎不再與卓越的現實生活表現成正比。后來的研究也說明，智商太低的人要做富有創意的工作可能比較困難，但

擁有120以上的智商未必就更有創造力。

close 6RT Furthermore, creative people seem able to use well two opposite ways of thinking: the convergent and the divergent.Convergent thinking is measured by IQ tests, and it involves solving well-defined, rational problems that have one correct answer.Divergent thinking leads to no agreed-upon solution.It involves the ability to generate a great quantity of ideas;flexibility, or the ability to switch from one perspective to another;and originality in picking unusual associations of ideas.Yet divergent thinking is not much use without the ability to tell a good idea from a bad one, and for

this, we must rely on convergent

thinking.此外，富有創意的人似乎能很好地使用兩種互為對立的思維方式：趨同和求異。趨同思維由智商測試來衡量，涉及的是解決定義清楚、有唯一正確答案的理性問題。求異思維能產生另類的解決之道，它涉及的是產生大量想法的能力；靈活性，或者說是從一個角度轉換到另一個角度的能力；以及能獨辟蹊徑地產生非凡聯想的能力。但求異思維本身是沒有多大用處的，除非有能力判斷一個想法是好是壞，要做到這一點，我們必須依賴于趨同思維。

close 7RT 3.Creative people alternate between imagination and a deeply-rooted sense of reality.Great art and great science involve a leap of imagination into a world that is different from the present.In fact, the whole point

of art and science is to go beyond what we now consider real and create a new reality.3.富有創意的人既有豐富的想象力，也有根深蒂固的現實感。偉大的藝術和偉大的科學都是借助想象，躍進與現實迥異的世界中去。事實上，藝術與科學的核心所在，便是超越我們目前所認識的現實而創造出一個新的現實。close 8RT 4.Creative people tend to be both extroverted and introverted.We're usually one or the other, either preferring to be in the thick of crowds or sitting on the sidelines and observing the passing show.In fact, in current psychological research, extroversion and introversion are considered to be the most stable personality traits that distinguish people from each other.Creative

individuals seem to exhibit both traits at the same time.4.富有創意的人往往既外向又內向。我們一般都二者居其一，要么偏愛呆在人群之中，要么獨坐一旁，冷眼看戲。事實上，在目前的心理研究中，外向和內向被視為能區分彼此的最穩定的性格特點，但富有創意的個體似乎同時顯示這兩種特點。

close 9RT 5.Creative people are humble and proud at the same time.These individuals stand “on the shoulders of giants”.Their respect for the area in which they work makes them aware of the long line of previous contributions to it.And they're usually so focused on future projects and current challenges that past accomplishments, no

matter how outstanding, are no longer very interesting to them.5.他們既謙虛又傲氣。這些個體站在“巨人的肩膀上”。他們尊重自己工作的領域，因而能意識到前人的大量貢獻。他們通常如此專注于未來的工程和當前的挑戰，過往的成就，不論多么出色，都無法再引起他們太多的興趣。close 10RT 6.Creative people are both rebellious and conservative.Being only traditional leaves an area unchanged;constantly taking chances without regard to tradition rarely leads to novelty.But the willingness to take risks is absolutely necessary.The economist George Stigler is very emphatic in this regard, “I'd say one of the most common failures of able people is a lack of nerve.They just play safe games.In

innovation, you have to play a less safe game, if it's going to be interesting.It's not predictable

that it'll go well.” 6.富有創意的人既叛逆又保守。一味傳統，會令一個領域殊無變化，而時時冒險、罔顧傳統亦鮮有創新，但冒險精神是絕對必要的。經濟學家喬治?施蒂格勒特別強調這個方面：“我會說，有能力的人之所以失敗，大多都是由于缺少冒險精神，凡事四平八穩。要創新，你就不能太求穩，結果才可能有意思。結果是否會順利是無

法預測的。”close 11RT 7.Most creative people are very passionate about their work, yet they can be extremely objective about it as well.Without the passion, we soon lose interest in a difficult task.Yet without being objective about it, our work

is not very good and lacks

credibility.7.絕大多數富有創意的人對工作激情如火，同時也極為冷靜客觀。沒有激情，我們很快就會對困難任務失去興趣。但如果不夠客觀，我們的工作就難以出色，缺乏

可信度。close 12RT 8.Creative people's openness and sensitivity often exposes them to suffering and pain, yet also to a great deal of enjoyment.Inventors have a low threshold of pain.Things bother them.A badly designed machine causes pain to an inventive engineer, just as the creative writer is hurt when reading bad

prose.8.富有創意的人胸無城府而敏感，這往往令他們痛苦，但同時也令他們體會到很多樂趣。發明家們對痛苦的容忍度很低，身邊的事物會讓他們看不順眼。設計拙劣的機器會令富有創意的工程師痛苦，而富有創意的作者看到蹩腳的文字同樣也會

感覺受傷。close 13RT Being alone at the forefront of a discipline also leaves you exposed and vulnerable.Eminence invites criticism and often vicious attacks.When an artist has invested years in making a sculpture, or a scientist in developing a theory, it is devastating if nobody cares.居于學科前沿，也會令你暴露于眾人視線中，易受攻擊。卓越會招致批評，甚至往往是惡毒攻擊。藝術家傾注多年心血終于完成一件雕塑作品，科學家皓首窮年提出一種理論，到頭來若是無人問津，這種打擊無疑是災難性的。close 14RT Perhaps the most difficult thing for creative individuals to

bear is the sense of loss and emptiness they experience when, for some reason, they cannot work.This is especially painful when a person feels his or her creativity drying out.對于富有創意的個體而言，最難以忍受的事情莫過于由于某種原因而無法工作的那種失落感和空虛感。如果一個人自覺創意枯竭，或許就更加痛苦不堪了。close 15RT Yet when a person is working in the area of his or her expertise, worries and cares fall away, replaced by a sense of happiness.Perhaps the most important quality, the one that is most consistently present in all creative individuals, is the ability to enjoy the process of creation for its own sake.Without this trait, poets would give up striving for

perfection and would write commercial jingles;economists would work for banks where they would earn at least twice as much as they do at universities;and physicists would stop doing basic research and join industrial laboratories where the conditions are better and the expectations

more predictable.而當一個人在自己擅長的領域里工作時，他的一切擔心和憂慮都會消失，取而代之的是一種愉悅感。也許最重要的品質，在一切富有創意的人身上最常見的一種品質，就是能夠享受創造過程本身。沒有這種品質，詩人將不再追求完美而寫些商業性的喧囂之作；經濟學家將會去銀行任職，收入至少會是大學里的兩倍；物理學家也會停止基礎研究而加入工業實驗室，那里條件優越而且結果也容易預測。

close

7-What Does Teamwork Really

Mean?

Sharon Saw

close1RT In many job interviews, a common question is whether the interviewee is a “team player”.More often than not(unless the interviewee is particularly stupid, or maybe particularly honest but doesn't want the job), he or she will say “yes”.But what does being a team player really mean?

團隊精神的真正含義

沙倫·索

面試中常會問到的一個問題就是，接受面試者是否具有團隊精神。通常情況下，回答是肯定的，除非接受面試者特別愚蠢，或者特別誠實而且不想要這份工作。但團隊精神的真正含義是什么呢？close 2RT On the most basic level, a team player is someone who can work within a group of people.This group is a number of people greater than one.Even if there are only two people in the group, they can be called

a “team”.Therefore it is an essential requirement of any employment that any potential employee is a team player.在最基本的層面上，有團隊精神的人就是能夠與群體合作的人。只要有兩個或兩個以上的個體在一起就可以稱為 “團隊”。因此，未來的員工是否具備團隊精神，對任何工作而言都是一個至關重要的必備條件。close 3RT On a deeper level, a team player is someone who can play a role in the team, to achieve and support the goals set and agreed upon by the team.The simplest analogy to the corporate team would be a sports team.There are two main aims of the football team.One is to score goals and the other is to prevent the opposition team from scoring.In football, there are eleven players per side, and almost the same number of players in reserve.There are also other vital members of the team in the background, such as the coach, the doctor, etc.從較深層次而言，具備團隊精神的人能夠在團隊中扮演特定的角色，能支持和達成團隊協定的目標。打個最簡單的比方，一個企業團隊就好比一個運動隊。足球隊有兩個主要目標，一是進球，一是阻止對手進球。足球運動中，每一方有十一名隊員，還有差不多相同數量的替補隊員。場外還有其他不可或缺的成員，如教練和隊醫等。close 4RT Every member of the team has a very specific role — as a captain, goalkeeper, striker, midfielder or defender.Every member of the team is vital to the success of the team.If there is one player missing, the team is handicapped.If one player does not perform to the best of his or her ability, the team is handicapped.球隊的每一個成員都扮演著特定的角色，如隊長、守門員、前鋒和中場防守球員。每一個隊員對整個球隊的成功都有至關重要的意義。任何一名隊員缺陣，全隊表現都會受到影響。任何一名隊員不全力以赴，全隊也會受到拖累。close 5RT The captain is there to give direction to the team, in strategy, motivation and inspiration.But he or she also has to play as part of the team.Egos do not play any part in teamwork.If one's ego gets in the way, such as if one player wants to score a goal and be a hero, he or she may take rash actions instead of maybe letting another person score or helping to create the opportunity to score.隊長的作用是給全隊提供方向，包括戰略、動力和靈感方面的，但他/她同時也應該是整隊的一分子。自我主義在團隊合作中沒有立足之地。如果一個人的自我意識干擾了他她的思維，比如某個隊員想要進球、出風頭，他她可能會魯莽行動，而不是助攻或讓隊友射門。close 6RT Similarly in the corporate world, each company has its clearly defined goals.Usually these are not as easily specified as in a football match.And it is the job of every employee to ensure that these goals are met.Every member of the corporate team should have specific roles and responsibilities in view of achieving these goals.企業界的情況也類似，每一個公司都應該有清晰界定的目標，不過這些目標通常不會像足球比賽中那么清楚具體。每個員工都有責任去確保實現這些目標，公司團隊的每個成員應該相應地有具體的目標和責任范圍。close 7RT There can only be one captain of the company, and he or she should be responsible for giving leadership and guidance to the team members.The leader should also continuously communicate the overall business strategy, as well as providing motivation and inspiration to the team.The leader has to have the loyalty of the team.If the team is not loyal or has no respect for the leader, the members of the team will not listen to the captain and the objectives of the company would not be achieved.公司里只能有一個“隊長”，其責任就是領導和指揮團隊成員，不斷地與團隊就整體策略進行溝通，并為成員提供動力與靈感。領導應該能令整個團隊忠實于他。如果團隊不忠心或不尊重領導，團隊成員就不會聽從“隊長”指揮，公司的目標也就無從實現。close 8RT In every action of the team, the objectives of the company, and / or, business strategy, MUST be first and foremost.The success of the team relies completely on every member of the team carrying out their roles and responsibilities in line with the direction of the leader.There has to be a “oneness” of the corporate culture.There is no room in the company for anyone who does not share the same corporate goals or objectives.在團隊的每個行動中，務必將公司的目標或商業策略放在首要位置。團隊能否成功，完全取決于團隊每個成員是否能完成自己的角色任務和責任，能否與領導的指揮保持一致。企業文化中必須有“一致性”，公司中絕不允許某個人的目標或目的與公司的共同目標不一致。close 9RT Being a team player does not mean that you do not have any ideas of your own.It does not mean you should always agree with the rest of the team.It does not mean that you should merely follow the herd.There are times when your vision may differ from the vision of the company, the leader or the rest of the team.It may be a valid vision and if you believe in it strongly enough, you should share it with the rest of the team.Your idea may complement the corporate objectives and goals.Or it may not.If the leader is a competent one, he or she will assess it on its merits and not let ego get in the way.However, should the team not agree with your vision, don't take it personally.具有團隊精神并不意味著你不可以有自己的想法，也不意味著你應該總是附和其他隊員或者只是隨大流。有時，你的想法也許與公司、領導或是團隊的其他成員的看法不一致。也許是一個值得一試的想法，如果你很有信心，就應該與團隊其他成員分享。你的想法也許可以補充公司的目的與目標，也許不可以。如果領導稱職的話，他/她就會客觀評價這個想法，而不會令自我意識在那里作祟。不過，要是團隊不贊同你的想法，也不要覺得是人身攻擊。close

10RT They may find the idea inappropriate, not YOU personally.Don't take it as a sign of personal rejection.A good leader should be able to communicate this to a team member, but if he or she doesn't, and it turns out as appearing to be a rebuff, don't lose heart.If the team found YOU inappropriate, you would be the first to know.If your leader or team members see that you can handle rejection of your ideas in a mature manner, it is only to your own credit.他們也許覺得這個想法不合適，而不是覺得你這個人不行，所以你不要覺得這是針對個人的。一個優秀的領導應該能夠將這種情況與隊員溝通，但就算他/她沒有這么做，讓你感覺受到了冷落，也不要灰心。如果團隊覺得你不行，那你自己肯定會最先察覺。要是領導或團隊成員看到你能成熟地應對自己的想法被拒絕，那只能對你有好處。close 11RT Don't be afraid to offer new ideas even seemingly crazy ones.Everyone in the team should feel free to offer ideas and not worry about them being dismissed.Usually when ideas are not taken up, people may take it as a personal rejection.Don't.Just accept it, and move on.There is work to be done.不要害怕提出新的想法，哪怕是表面看來有些瘋狂的也不要緊。團隊的每一個成員都應該無拘無束地提出想法而不擔心是否會被拒絕。通常情況下如果想法沒有被采納，人們會認為是針對個人的。不要這么想。接受事實，然后繼續前進。工作總是要做的。close 12RT The pleasure of working in an environment where every member of the team is a team player is unparalleled.If you are not enjoying your working environment, chances are high that your team is also not working well.Ask yourself this: 在每個成員都有團隊協作精神的環境里工作，那種愉悅是無與倫比的。如果你不喜歡現在的工作環境，多半是因為你的團隊運作不好，問問你自己：close 13RT Are you a team player?

你有團隊合作精神嗎？close 14RT Are your own objectives in line with those of the team?

你與團隊的目標一致嗎？close 15RT Are your team objectives in line with those of the company? If not, why not? 你的團隊與公司的目標一致嗎？如果不一致，原因在哪里？close

2-8 Did You Have a Tough Childhood? Jill Ammon-Wexler close1RT Many claim unhappy and terrible childhood experiences “damage” people in their adult years.But is this necessarily true? Actually, just the opposite seems to be true.Intense difficulties, hardships and major obstacles are actually often major contributors to success.It's true that difficult childhoods do leave some people wounded and disadvantaged.But for others, a tough childhood actually drives them to remarkable achievement and success!你經歷了不幸的童年嗎？

吉爾?安蒙-韋克斯勒

很多人聲稱，童年時代的嚴重創傷，會對成年生活造成災難性影響。果真如此嗎？其實，事實剛好相反！重大的困難、艱辛和障礙，往往能造就成功。的確，不幸的童年會使一些人傷痕累累，處于不利的位置。但對另外一些人而言，不幸的童年反而會促使他們取得異乎尋常的成就！close 2RT In a classic book entitled Cradles of Eminence, researchers reviewed the childhood family life of 700 of the world's most successful people.Their goal was to identify the early experiences that contributed to the remarkable achievements of these successful people.All of their “research subjects” are widely known for their personal accomplishments.Their names are easily recognizable: Franklin D.Roosevelt, Helen Keller, Winston Churchill, Albert Einstein, Sigmund Freud, etc.在經典作品《偉人的搖籃》一書中，研究者們考查了全球最為突出的700名成功人士的童年生活。他們的目標是要找出哪些早期經歷有助于這些成功人士取得非凡成就。他們所有的“研究對象”都是因個人成就而蜚聲全球的。這些名字都廣為人知：富蘭克林?D?羅斯福，海倫?凱勒，溫斯頓?丘吉爾，阿爾伯特?愛因斯坦，西格蒙德?弗洛伊德，等等。close 3RT What they discovered is truly fascinating!Three-quarters of these successful people(525 of the 700)came from deeply troubled childhoods.They had endured extreme poverty, broken homes, and even parental abuse.Over one-fourth(199 of the 700)had to deal with very serious physical handicaps such as deafness, blindness or crippled limbs.And over 80% of those who became successful writers and playwrights had watched their own parents struggle with intense psychological dramas.研究結果真的非常有意思！700名成功人士中，有四分之三（525名）有過極其不幸的童年。他們經歷過極端的貧困，破碎的家庭，甚至父母的虐待。超過四分之一的人（700人當中有199名）有嚴重的生理殘障如失聰、失明或肢體殘障。成功的作家及劇作家中，有80％曾目睹了自己的父母經歷失和的一些戲劇性場面。close 4RT Anna Eleanor Roosevelt, a former US “First Lady” provides an excellent example.Anna lost her parents at the age of 10, and had a very unpleasant childhood.As a young girl she was painfully aware of being very homely.And her childhood writings reveal she never had a sense of “belonging” anywhere, or to anyone.But as she matured, Anna Eleanor Roosevelt

refused to remain “disadvantaged”.She hauled herself up by her own bootstraps and began to strive for a higher, more powerful consciousness.安娜?埃莉諾?羅斯福，前美國“第一夫人”，就是一個極好的例子。安娜10歲時失去了雙親，童年痛苦不堪。少女時，她就痛苦地意識到自己長相平庸。她童年的習作表明，她從來沒有“歸屬感”，覺得自己不屬于任何地方或任何人。但隨著她慢慢成熟，安娜?埃莉諾?羅斯福拒絕一直“處于劣勢”。她依靠自己的努力，著手提高自身的覺悟。close 5RT After marrying Franklin D.Roosevelt, she ended up courageously nursing her husband through crippling polio.Then when he was elected to the US Presidency in the depth of the Great Depression, Mrs.Roosevelt quickly transformed the position of First Lady.As First Lady, she became an outspoken supporter for the disadvantaged people of all races, religions and countries.At the same time, she helped her husband manage the White House and raised six children.嫁給富蘭克林?羅斯福后，她需要照料小兒麻痹性后遺癥的丈夫，她一直堅強地面對。后來，他臨危受命，在經濟大蕭條最嚴重時當選美國總統，羅斯福夫人迅速完成了“第一夫人”的角色轉換。作為第一夫人，她公開發言支持所有被踐踏的種族、宗教和國家，同時還打理著白宮，并撫育六個子女。close 6RT After her husband's death, she spent the remainder of her life as a highly respected American spokesperson to the United Nations.At her death, this shy, disadvantaged, homely and withdrawn young woman had become one of the most loved and respected women of her entire generation.丈夫去世后，她就一直作為美國在聯合國的發言人，極其受人尊重，直到生命結束。她辭世時，這位年輕時一度靦腆羞澀、身處困境、長相平平、性格內向的女性，已成為她那一代人中最受愛戴的女性之一。close 7RT Why did this happen? Eleanor Roosevelt made a personal choice to lift herself beyond her perceived “limitations”.She displayed a tough, unyielding courage, tempered by remarkable self-control and self-discipline.事情為什么會變成這樣呢？埃莉諾?羅斯福做出了自己的選擇，要用自己的力量超越想象中的“局限”。她非凡的自控和自律造就了堅強不屈的勇氣。close 8RT Obstacles and hardships do NOT have to lead to failure.Scientific evidence has proven that “well-being” is NOT always an advantage for either plants or animals.Where there is no challenge, obstacle or hardship, growth and development is often limited.Biologists refer to this as the “adversity principle”.障礙和困難未必一定會導致失敗！科學證據表明，“安逸”并不一定總是優勢，動植物都是如此。沒有挑戰、障礙或困難，成長和發展常常會受到限制。生物學家稱之為“逆境原則”。close 9RT Consider Lou Gehrig: Lou was such a clumsy kid that the boys in his neighborhood wouldn't let him play on their baseball team.But he tapped into his resources of inner courage and determination.Lou Gehrig is today listed in the baseball “Hall of Fame” as one of the greatest ball players of all time.試看盧?格里克：盧小時候笨手笨腳，附近的男孩都不讓他參加自己的棒球隊，但他轉而找到內在的勇氣和決心。如今，盧?格里克名列棒球“名人堂”，被視為有史以來最偉大的球類運動員之一。close 10RT Then there was Woodrow Wilson, who couldn't read until he was ten years old.Wilson went on in his life to become the twenty-eighth President of the United States.Thomas Edison was deaf.Booker T.Washington was born in slavery, and a “club foot” crippled Lord Byron.The famous writer Robert Louis Stevenson had tuberculosis.Alexander Pope had a hunchback.Yet each of these individuals became famous historic figures in spite of their handicaps.還有伍德羅?威爾遜，十歲才開始識字。威爾遜后來成了美國第二十八任總統。托馬斯?愛迪生是聾子。布克?T?華盛頓生而為奴，拜倫爵士天生足部畸形。著名作家羅伯特?路易斯?史蒂文森身患結核病。亞歷山大?蒲柏是駝背。但盡管殘疾在身，這些人每一個都青史留名。close 11RT Helen Keller, who could not hear or see, transformed an entire nation when she graduated with honors from college.She is still a source of inspiration for millions.Then there's Ludwig van Beethoven.Beethoven began to lose his hearing in his 20s, and was completely deaf by 50.Yet he created some of the world's most beautiful music.Beethoven was once overheard shouting at the top of his voice, “I will take life by the throat!” 海倫?凱勒，既聾又盲，以優異成績從大學畢業時，舉國轟動。數以百萬計人至今仍視她為靈感的源泉。還有路德維希?凡?貝多芬。貝多芬二十多歲時聽力就開始下降，50歲時完全失聰，但他創造了世界上最美妙的音樂。有人曾聽見貝多芬高喊，“我要扼住命運的咽喉！”close 12RT Your attitude toward any perceived personal “handicap” determines its impact on your life.This IS your life!Why not make it all it can be? To become all we can be, we MUST stop making excuses.Use any personal adversity or perceived limitations to do what Beethoven did: Grab life by the throat!And this is a good day to take action to claim more of your true potential.Get past your “old stuff”, my friend, and fire yourself up!If not now, when? 不管你有任何“殘障”，它對你生活的影響將取決于你的態度。這就是你的生活！為什么不盡自己所能呢？要發掘我們的全部潛力，我們就不能再編造借口。面對任何逆境或想象中的局限，以貝多芬為榜樣：攫住命運的咽喉！今天就是一個好日子，開始行動，實現更多真正的潛能。忘記“舊事”，我的朋友，讓自己振奮起來！此時不動，更待何時？close