第一篇：初中英語知識小結(句子)

句 子（簡單句）

簡單句通常只由一個主語（或并列主語）和一個謂語（或并列謂語）構成，一般分為以下4種：

陳述句

陳述句的否定形式：

1）謂語動詞如果是be(am, is, are, was, were)、情態動詞時，在它們的后面加”not”

2）謂語動詞如沒有上述詞語而是其它動詞時，須在它的前面加do not(don’t);does not(doesn’t);

did not(didn’t)

3）如果have/has+過去分詞的現在完成時結構，have/has是助動詞，否定形式是haven’t/hasn’t 特別注意：句子中含有little, few, hardly, never, neither, nor, seldom等詞時，視為否定句。如：Few people live there because life there is very hard.疑問句 一、一般疑問句：用yes或no來回答的疑問句 陳述句變一般疑問句：

1）謂語動詞如果是be(am, is, are, was, were)、情態動詞時，直接把be動詞或情態動詞提到句首 2）謂語動詞如沒有上述詞而是其它動詞時，則在主語前面加助動詞do/does/did，原來動詞改為原形

二、特殊疑問句：要求具體回答的問句（結構：疑問詞+一般疑問句+？）常用疑問代詞：who, whom, whose, which, what 常用疑問副詞：when, where, why, how

三、反義疑問句：

含義：表示對陳述句所說的事實提出相反的疑問，要求對方用yes或no來回答

由兩部分構成：前一部分是陳述句，后一部分是疑問句（be, have，助動詞或情態動詞+主語）注意：

1）陳述句是肯定句，反義疑問句必須用否定結構；陳述句是否定句，反義疑問句必須用肯定結構 2）反義疑問句的兩部分，必須保持人稱和時態的一致

三、反義疑問句的回答

無論哪種形式的反義疑問句，回答時都要遵循:“Yes+肯定形式”或者“No+否定形式” 例句：

1）---The man went away, didn’t he? 那個人走了，不是嗎？

---Yes, he did.是的他走了。/ No, he didn’t不，他沒走。2）---He isn’t old, is he? 他不老，是嗎？

---Yes, he is.不，他很老/ No, he isn’t.是的，他不老。

感嘆句

含義：用來表示喜怒哀樂等強烈感情。結構：

1）對含有形容詞或副詞的名詞短語感嘆的結構通常是“what +(a/an)+形容詞+名詞+（主語+謂語）

用來強調句子中的名詞。如：What a beautiful girl(she is)!2）對形容詞或副詞進行感嘆的結構通常是“How +形容詞/副詞+（主語+謂語）!”，用來強調句子中的形容詞、副詞。如：How beautiful the girl is!

祈使句

含義：用來表示請求、命令等。它的主語you往往不說出。

肯定形式：動詞（原形）+其他。如：Please open the door.請開門。

否定形式：Don’t+動詞原形+其他。如：Don’t look back.不要回頭看

特別注意：以“Let’s” 引出的祈使句的否定結構，”not”應該放在”let’s”的后面。如：Let’s not trouble him.主謂一致

含義：謂語受主語的支配，必須和主語在人稱和數上保持一致。一般遵循以下幾條原則：

一、語法一致原則：

1）以單數名詞或代詞，動詞不定是作主語時，謂語動詞要用單數；主語為復數時，謂語用復數。如：

To work hard is necessary for a student.2）由and或both…and連接的并列成分作主語時，謂語動詞用復數。如：Both he and I are right.注：并列主語如是同一人、物或概念時，謂語動詞用單數，如：His teacher and friend is a beautiful girl.2.and連結的兩個或多個主語前如果有each, every, no等修飾語時（后面的一個有時也可省略），后面的謂語動詞用單數形式。如：Every man and every woman is busy at working.3)由some, any every, no構成的復合詞（somebody，nobody，everything，anything等）作主語時，謂語動詞用單數。例句：Somebody is waiting for you at the school gate.有人在學校門口等你。4）成雙成對出現的復數名詞（glasses, scissors, shoes, trousers, pants, gloves, stockings等）作主語時，通常謂語動詞用復數，如：Where is my shoes?；但如果前面有a /the pair of；a /the suit of等詞語時，則謂語動詞要用單數，如：My new pair of socks is on the bed.5)以“-s”結尾的“復數”名詞（例如；一些學科名詞mathematics, physics, politics等），或以“-s”結尾的地點名詞、人名等詞后面的謂語動詞通常用單數。如：Mathematics is my favorite subject.6）the+形容詞表示一類人時，謂語動詞用復數形式，表示抽象概念時，用單數形式。例如：

The poor are very happy,but the rich are sad.窮人很快樂，富人卻過得不快樂。

7）“the+姓氏復數形式”表示一家人時，謂語一般用復數。如：The Smiths are having dinner.8）a number of+復數名詞表示“很多，大量“，謂語動詞用復數；

the number of +復數名詞表示“…的數目“時，謂語動詞用單數。

如：A number of famous people were invited to party.許多名人都被邀請參加這個聚會

The number of the students is over eight hundred.我們學校的學生數超過800人。

二、意義一致原則：

1）單、復數同型的詞（people，means，sheep，deer，fish等），其單、復數取決于它在句中的含義。

例句：All of the people in the country have been prepared for the great reformation.這個國家的人都已經為大變革做好了準備。

2）多數情況下，由“what”引導的名詞性從句作主語時，其后的謂語動詞通常用單數形式。

例句：What I want to say is just “ Take care!”.我只想說：“多保重！”

3）英語的集體名詞（committee, crowd, family, public, group, party, team, class, club, company, union等詞），指代“整體”時為單數；指代“其中的各成員”則為復數。

例句：My family was very poor when I was a little girl.當我還是一個小女孩兒的時候，我家很窮。My family are all looking forward for your coming.我的家人都在期待著你的到來。4）從句、不定式、動名詞等作主語時謂語動詞一律視作一個整體，謂語動詞用單數。例句：When to leave has not been decided.什么時候離開還沒有定下來。Go shopping on Sunday is one of his habits.周日購物是他的一個習慣。Note：如果主語是兩個(或兩個以上)的名詞性從句，謂語動詞常用復數。

例句：What he said and what he did were always different.他所說的和他所做的總是不一樣。5）專用名詞，如：書名、劇名、報刊名、國家（組織）名等，通常作單數用。

例句：The United States was found it 1776.美國成立于1776年。

6）表示時間、距離、金額、度量等詞語作主語時，通常被視作整體，謂語動詞用單數。

例句：10 minutes is enough.十分鐘足夠了。7）加減乘除等數學運算謂語動詞通常用單數。

例句：2 and 3 is 5.二加三于五。8）“分數或百分數+of+名詞“構成的詞組作主語是，其謂語動詞要以of后面的名詞而定。名詞是復數，謂語動詞用復數；名詞是單數，謂語動詞用單數。

如：It is said that 35 percent of the doctors are women.Three quarters of the surface of the earth is sea.三、就近原則：

1）當there be 句型的主語是一系列事物時，謂語應與最鄰近的主語保持一致。

There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.There are two apples and one egg in it.2）當or, either… or… , neither… nor, not only… but also等連接的并列主語時，謂語動詞與最

近的主語保持一致。如：Either you or I am right.要么是你對，要么是我對。

3）如果句子是由here, there引導，而主語又不止一個時，謂語通常也和最鄰近的主語一致。

Here is a pen and some books for you.四、主語一致原則：

當主語后面跟有with, along with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等詞引起的短語時，謂語動詞與前面的主語一致。如：He as well as I wants to go shopping.倒裝句

一、so+助動詞/be動詞+主語

意為：與前者情況一樣 如：He likes playing football.So do I.二、so+主語+助動詞/be動詞

意為：的確如此 如：He likes playing football.So he does.句 子（復合句）

賓語從句

一、賓語從句的定義

置于動詞、介詞等詞性后面起賓語作用的從句叫賓語從句

二、賓語從句的語序

賓語從句的語序是陳述句語序即：連接代詞/副詞+主語+謂語+其他成分

三、賓語從句中引導詞的用法

（一）that引導的賓語從句（在非正式場合that可以省略）可跟that從句做賓語的動詞有：say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, explain, order, command, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, propose, declare, report等。例句：The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets.注意事項：當主句謂語動詞是 think, believe, suppose, expect 等詞，而賓語從句的意思是否定時，常把否定轉移至主句表示。

例句：I don’t think it is right for him to treat you like that.（二）由whether,if 引導的賓語從句

由whether(if)引導的賓語從句，實際上是一般疑問句演變而來的。意思是“是否”。賓語從句要用陳述句語序。一般說來，在賓語從句中whether與if可以互換使用，但在特殊情況下if與whether是不能互換的。

例句：I wonder whether(if)they will come to our party.只能用whether，不能用if引導的賓語從句 與or not連用時

例句：I don’t know whether they will come or not.在帶to的不定式前

例句：We decided whether to walk there.在介詞的后面

例句：I’m thinking of whether we should go to see the film.只能用if不能用whether引導的賓語從句 if引導條件狀語從句，意為“如果”

例句：If it rains tomorrow, I won’t go to the library.if引導否定概念的賓語從句時

例句：He asked if I didn’t come to school yesterday.引導狀語從句even if（即使）和as if（好象）時 例句：He talks as if he has known all about it.（三）連接代詞(who, whose, what ,which)和連接副詞(when ,where, how, why)引導的賓語從句 這樣的賓語從句實際上是由特殊疑問句變化而來的，賓語從句要用陳述句語序。例句：Do you know who he is? 例句：Nobody knows where she comes from.四、賓語從句的時態

主句是一般現在時，從句根據實際情況使用任何時態。例句：The headmaster hopes everything goes well.主句是過去時態，從句須用過去時態的某種形式。例句：He said that he did his homework.當賓語從句表示的是一個客觀真理或者事實時，即使主句是過去時，從句也用一般現在時態。例句：The teacher told his class that light travels faster than sound.定語從句

一、概念：在復合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞，定語從句一般放在先行詞的后面。

二、定語從句的關系詞

引導定語從句的關系詞有關系代詞和關系副詞，常見的關系代詞包括that，which，who（賓格whom，所有格whose）等，關系副詞包括where，when，why等。關系代詞和關系副詞放在先行詞及定語從句之間起連接作用，同時又作定語從句的重要成分。

三、定語從句的分類

根據定語從句與先行詞的關系，定語從句可分為限制性定語從句及非限制性定語從句。限制性定語從句緊跟先行詞，主句與從句不用逗號分開，從句不可省去，非限制性定語從句主句與從句之間有逗號分開，起補充說明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。

四、關系代詞的用法

1).that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在從句中作主語或賓語，作主語時不可省略，作賓語可省略。例如：Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.瑪麗喜歡輕柔的音樂。（作主語）

The coat(that)I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是藍色的。（作賓語）

2)which用于指物，在句中作主語或賓語，作主語不可省略，作賓語可省略。

例如：The building which stands near the library is a.位于圖書館附近的那座大樓是一家超市。

The film(which)we saw last night was wonderful.我們昨天晚上看的那部電影很好看。（作賓語）3).who, whom用于指人，who 用作主語，whom用作賓語。在口語中，有時可用who代替whom，也可省略。例如：The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.經常在英語方面幫助我的那個女孩是英國人。（作主語）

Who is the teacher（whom）Li Ming is talking to？正在與李明談話的老師是誰？（作賓語）

注意：（1）當定語從句中含有介詞，介詞放在句末時，who，that，which可省略，但介詞在關系代詞前時，只能用“介詞+which/whom”結構。

例如：This is the house in which we lived last year.這是我們去年居住的房子。

Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.請告訴我你從誰那借的這本英文小說。（2）含有介詞的固定動詞詞組中，介詞不可前置，只能放在原來的位置上。例如：This is the person whom you are looking for.這就是你要找的那個人。（3）that 作介詞的賓語時，介詞不能放它的前面，只能放在從句中動詞的后面。例如： The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常遠。（4）關系詞只能用that的情況：

a.先行詞被序數詞或形容詞最高級所修飾，或本身是序數詞、基數詞、形容詞最高級時，只能用that，而不用which.例如：He was the first person that passed the exam.他是第一個通過考試的人。

b.被修飾的先行詞為all，any，much，many，everything，anything，none，the one等不定代詞時，只能用that，而不用which.例如：Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？你在商店里有什么東西要買嗎？

c.先行詞被the only，the very，the same，the last，little，few 等詞修飾時，只能用that，而不用which.例如：This is the same bike that I lost.這就是我丟的那輛自行車。d.先行詞里同時含有人或物時，只能用that，而不用which.例如：I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚記得我在那個房間所見到的人和一些照片。e.以who或which引導的特殊疑問句，為避免重復，只能用that.例如：Who is the girl that is crying？ 正在哭泣的那個女孩是誰？

f.主句是there be 結構，修飾主語的定語從句用that，而不用which.例如：There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.桌子上那本書是湯姆的。（5）關系詞只能用which，而不用that 的情況： a.先行詞為that，those時，用which，而不用that.例如：What’s that which is under the desk？ 在桌子底下的那些東西是什么？

b.關系代詞前有介詞時，一般用which，而不用that.例如：This is the room in which he lives.這是他居住的房間。

c.引導非限制性定語從句，用which，而不用that.例如：Tom came back，which made us happy.湯姆回來了，這使我們很高興。

五、關系副詞的用法

（1）when指時間，其先行詞表示時間，在句中作時間狀語。例如：This was the time when he arrived.這是他到達的時間。

（2）where指地點，其先行詞表示地點，在句中作地點狀語。例如：This is place where he works.這是他工作的地點。（3）why 指原因，其先行詞是原因，起原因狀語作用。例如：Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.沒人知道他為什么上學總遲到。

狀語從句

用來修飾主句中的動詞，副詞和形容詞的從句叫狀語從句。根據其含義狀語從句可分為時間狀語從句，地點狀語從句，條件狀語從句，原因狀語從句，結果狀語從句，比較狀語從句，目的狀語從句，讓步狀語從句。

1.時間狀語從句

(1)時間狀語從句常用when, as, while, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as等連詞來引導。例如： It was raining hard when got to school yesterday.While he was doing his homework, the telephone rang.As he walked along the lake, he sang happily.He had learned a little Chinese before he came to China.After he finished middle school, he went to work in a factory.(2)在時間狀語從句里，通常不用將來時態，用現在時態表示將來的動作或狀態。例如：

I’ll ring you up as soon as I get to New York.I will tell him everything when he comes back.He won’t believe it until he sees it with his own eyes.(3)在帶有till或until引導的時間狀語從句的主從復合句里，如果主句用肯定式，其含義是“一直到……時”，謂語動詞只能用延續性動詞。如果主句用否定式，其含義是“直到……才……”, “在……以前不……”, 謂語動詞可用瞬間動詞。例如： The young man read till the light went out.Let’s wait until the rain stops.We won’t start until Bob comes.Don’t get off until the bus stops.2.條件狀語從句

(1)條件狀語從句通常由if, unless引導。例如： What shall we do if it snows tomorrow? Don’t leave the building unless I tell you to.(2)在條件狀語從句里，謂語動詞通常用現在時態表示將來的動作或狀態。例如： I’ll help you with your English if am free tomorrow.He won’t be late unless he is ill.(3)“祈使句 + and(or)+ 陳述句” 在意思上相當于一個帶有條件狀語從句的復合句。例如： Hurry up, or you’ll be late.=If you don’t hurry up, you’ll be late.Study hard and you will pass the exam.=If you study hard, you will pass the exam.3.原因狀語從句

(1)原因狀語從句通常由because, since, as引導。例如：

He didn’t come to school because he was ill.As it is raining, we shall not go the zoo.Since you can’t answer the question, I’ll ask someone else.(2)because表示直接原因，語氣最強。Because引導的原因狀語從句多放在主句之后。回答由why提出的問題，只能用because。As和since語氣較弱，一般用來表示明顯的原因。由as和since引導的原因狀語從居多放在句首。例如：

------Why aren’t going there?------Because I don’t want to.As he has no car, he can’t get there easily.Since we have no money, we can’t buy it.(3)because和so不能同用在一個句子里。

4.結果狀語從句

(1)結果狀語從句由so…that, such…that, so that引導。例如： He is so poor that he can’t buy a bike for his son.She is such a good teacher that everybody likes her.My pencil fell under the desk, so that I couldn’t see it.(2)so…that語such...that可以互換。例如：

在由so...that引導的結果狀語從句中，so是副詞，與形容詞連用。其結構是: “...so + 形容詞（副詞）+ that + 從句”。例如：

He was so glad that he couldn’t say a word.The hall is so big that it can hold 2,000 people.Mother lives so far away that we hardly ever see her.在由such…that引導的結果狀語從句中，such是形容詞，它修飾的可以是單數或復數可數名詞，也可以是不可數名詞；名詞前面可以帶形容詞，也可不帶。如果是單數可數名詞，前面需加不定冠詞a或an。例如： It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything.He had such long arms that he could almost touch the ceiling.He made such rapid progress that he did very well in the mid-term.有時上述兩種結構是可以互換的。例如：

It was such a wonderful film that all of us wanted to see it again.=The film was so wonderful that all of us wanted to see it again.It is such an important match that nobody wants to miss it.=The match is so important that nobody wants to miss it.(3)如果名詞前由many, much, little, few等詞修飾時，只能用so, 不用such。例如： Soon there were so many deer that they ate up all the wild roses.He has so little time that he can’t go to the cinema with you.5.比較狀語從句

比較狀語從句通常由as…as, 比較級 + than…等連詞引導。例如： Tom runs faster than John does.This classroom is as big as that one.6.目的狀語從句

(1)目的狀語從句通常由 so that, in order that引導。例如： We started early so that we could catch the first train.He studies hard so that he could work better in the future.We used the computer in order that we might save time.(2)so that既可引導目的狀語從句，又可引導結果狀語從句。區別這兩種從句的辦法有兩個：1)目的狀語從句里往往帶有情態動詞can, could, may, might等。2)從意思上看，目的狀語從句往往表示的目的很明確。例如： Speak clearly so that they may understand you.(目的狀語從句)Jack is badly ill so that he has to rest.(結果狀語從句)7.讓步狀語從句

(1)讓步狀語從句通常由although, though等連詞引導。例如： Though he is young, he knows a lot.Although I am tired, I must go on working.(2)although(though)不能用在同一個句子中。例如：

我們不能說：Though it was raining hard, but he still went out.應該說：Though it was raining hard, he still went out.或It was raining hard, but he still went out.8.地點狀語從句

地點狀語從句常常由where來引導。例如：

Go where you like.Where there is a will, there is a way.

第二篇：初中英語小結

1.How long have you ___ this pair of shoes?

A.wore B.worn C.wone D.wear

答案：B

worn[w?:n] adj.有舊的;穿壞的，是wear的過去分詞

wear[w??]vt.穿著，戴著；面露；留著（胡須等）；磨損

vi.耐用；保持不變；磨損，耗損；逐漸或枯燥地通過

n.穿著；穿戴物，衣物；磨損，穿舊；耐用性

現在分詞：wearing；過去式：wore；

第三人稱單數：wears；過去分詞：worn；復數：wears；

How long have you worn the pair of shoes?

用現在完成時提問，是因為穿多久是到問這個問題的時候截止。從以前開始穿到現在為止多久。

2.I have ___ all my papers but I still can't find the my notes.A.looked through(預覽)B.looked around（環視）C.looked after（照顧）D.looked out（當心，注意）

答案：A

3.They set out _____(search)for the_____ boy

A.searching;losing B.searching;lost C.to search;lost D.to search;missed

答案：C

set outto do.有開始做的意思，是固定短語。也可以說此處to do表目的。句中已經有了謂語動詞，不能再填謂語動詞是對的，此時應該填非謂語動詞（to do,done,doing)根據意思to do最合題意。“他們開始（目的是）尋找丟失的那個男孩”。失蹤的男孩，表達應該是the lost boy或者the missing boy

4.I know a little bit about Italy as my wife and I_____there several years ago.A.are goingB.had beenC.wentD.have been

答案：C

Alittlebitabout譯為“一點關于…”全句譯為“由于我和我妻子在幾年前去過意大利、所以我知道一點有關意大利的事

后面有several years ago（幾年前）故用過去式

5.she prefers ___at home to ___ outside.她寧愿待在家里也不想出去玩

A.to stay;go B.staying;going C.stayed;went D.stay;go

答案：B

prefer doing喜歡做什么;prefer A to B相比B,更加喜歡A.6.pizza is a ___of this restaurant.披薩是這家飯店的特色菜

A.specialty B.special C.specialist D.specially

答案：A

specialty解釋: n 特長（special特別）單詞詞綴:-ty詞綴解釋: 表名詞，用在形容詞后，把形容詞

變成名詞

special單詞解釋: a 特別的；專門的（speci種類+al→[屬于]種類的→特別的）單詞詞綴: speci

詞綴解釋: =look, kind, 表示“外觀，種類”

specialist n.(醫學)專家,專科醫生;專家;專業人員

specially ad.專門地,特別地

7.Samuel suggested she ___the subway during the rush hours

翻譯：Samuel建議她上下班時乘地鐵

A.to take B.take C.takes D.taking

答案：B（X）正確答案是D

suggest單詞解釋: v提議，建議（sug在下面+gest→從下面帶上來→建議）單詞詞綴: gest, gister

詞綴解釋: =carry, bring, 表示“帶來，產生”

Suggest的用法：1.接動名詞做賓語:suggest doing;

I suggested putting off the sports meet.我建議將運動會延期

He suggested going out for a walk.注意：suggest 不可以加不定式，所以上面的句子不可以這樣寫：

He suggested to go out for a walk.(Χ)

2.建議某人做某事是suggest sb doing

3.Suggest表示建議，用法如下：

Suggest+ 名詞/代詞或suggest+名詞/代詞to+人，但不能說suggest sb sth ,即不能加雙賓做賓語

eg:We suggest him the plan(Χ)但We suggest the plan to him(√)4.“建議做某事”，英語通常用 suggest doing sth，而不能用

suggest to do sth；

“建議某人做某事”，但英語習慣上不能說 suggest sb to do sth，而說

suggest sb’s [sb] doing sth；

要表示向某人提出某情況，suggest后不能接雙賓語，即不能用suggest sb sth，而通常用 suggest sth to sb。如：他建議坐飛機去，可我認為這樣花費太大。

正：He suggested going by plane, but I thought it would cost too much.誤：He suggested to go by plane, but I thought it would cost too much.8.Tom sounds very much ___ in the job,but I'm not sure whether he can manage it.翻譯：Tom聽起來對工作非常有興趣，但是我不確定他是否能夠擔任這份工作。

A.interest;B.interesting;C.interested D.interest

答案：C

nterest可作名詞，表示“興趣”，或接在一個地名后面，表示“名勝”。

interest也可以作及物動詞，后面接名詞。

interesting是形容詞，意思是“有趣的”。

interested也是形容詞，意思是“使人感興趣的“，這個詞表示人的心理活動。

二．1.Week by week her list grew

翻譯: 一周一周過去了，她的名單越列越多

2.proud;[praud]adj.驕傲的;自豪的;驕傲自大的;得意的;感到光榮的3.wonder;['w?nd?]n.驚異;驚奇;奇跡;vi.vt.感到驚奇;懷疑;納悶;想知道;v.對?感到疑惑;詫異;奇觀;奇事;對?感到奇怪;想要知道;感到詫異;覺得驚奇;問

自己;

1.I wonder why you're homed by the police.我想知道你為什么讓警察送你回家。

2.I wonder what the dickens was eating away at him.我不知道到底是什么事在使他煩心。

3.I wonder who he is, where he came from and why he came.我很想知道他是誰，從哪里來，來干什么。

4.opinion;n.意見,看法,主張[?'pinj?n]n.意見;看法;主張;見解;判斷;評論;

1.My opinion trended towards yours.我傾向于你的意見。

2.Her opinion will impinge on my decision.她的意見將影響我的決定。

3.He tends towards my opinion on this matter.在這件事上他傾向于我的意見。

4.三．

1.for years好多年

我的法語丟了好幾年了，都忘得差不多了。I haven't used my French for years and have forgotten almost all of it.2.bills n.賬單；議案（bill的復數）v.開賬單（bill的第三人稱單數形式）

3.stuck v.刺（stick的過去式）adj.被卡住的；不能動的4.I owe you eight hours of digging time.我欠你八小時的挖掘時間

6.Sunflower ['s?nflau?]n.葵花;向日葵;

7.tend [tend]v.照料;看顧;vt.照管;護理;趨向;vi.傾向于;走向;

傾向;投標;易于做某事;有助于;有某種傾向;

單詞解釋: v 照看；傾向做單詞詞綴: tend詞綴解釋: tent，tens

=stretch，表示“伸展”

8.don't seem to miss my children as much as i once did

我似乎不想念我的孩子,我曾經一樣

9.when i think about what my children have done for me

當我思考我的孩子們為我所做的10.30 minutes from the station and colse to all main bus routes30分鐘從車站和接通到所有主要的公交線路

11.season n.時期；季節；賽季vt.給…調味；使適應vi.變得成熟；變

干燥

12.reasonable.['ri:zn?bl]adj.有道理的;合情合理的;公道的;

有理的;講理的;公道地;合理的;有理性的;講道理的;

適當的;

13.full board possible全食宿可能

14.board n.董事會；木板；甲板；膳食

vt.上（飛機、車、船等）；用板蓋上；給提供膳宿

? vi.寄宿

15.gym [d?im] n.((口語))體育館;健身房;同gymnasium;

16.separate ['sep?reit, 'sep?rit] adj.分離的;個別的;vt.使分

開;v.各自的;分離;分隔;分手;vi.分開;隔離;使分開(離);?

分開了的;分開的;單獨的;

17.available [?'veil?bl] adj.可利用的;通用的;可獲得的;可

得到的;可用的;可取得的;可采用的;有效的;

單詞解釋: a 有用的；有效的（avail+able）單詞詞綴: uail,ual詞綴解釋: = strong，表示“強壯”

18.canteen[k?n'ti:n] n.小賣部;臨時餐室;食堂;

第三篇：初中英語there be小結

there be 小結

1.基本結構

There be +主語 + 地點 /時間狀語。如：

There is a computer in the room.房間里有一臺電腦。

There are two TV plays every evening.每晚有兩場電視劇。

2.主謂一致

要采取就近一致原則，和*近be的主語一致。如：

There is a pen, two rulers in the box.盒子里有一只鋼筆，兩把尺子。

There are two boys and a teacher at the school gate.門口有兩個男孩，一個老師。

3.主語后的動詞形式

在there be 句型中，主語與動詞是主動關系時用現在分詞；是被動關系時用過去分詞。如：There is a purse lying on the ground.地上有一個錢包。

There are five minutes left now.現在還有5分鐘。

4.反意疑問句。

反意疑問句應與there be對應，而不是依據主語。如：

There is a radio on the table, isn't there? 桌子上有一臺收音機，是吧？

There are more than fifty classes in your school, aren't there? 你們班有50多名學生，是吧？

5.there be 與have的替換

there be表示所屬時可與have替換。

There is nothing but a book in my bag.=I have nothing but a book in my bag.包里只有一本書。

6.there be后接不定式時常用主動形式表示被動意義。如：

There is a lot of work to do.有許多工作要做。

注意：當該句型主語是something, anything, nothing等不定代詞時，后面的不定式用主動形式或被動形式，意義各不同。

There is nothing to do.沒有事可做。

There is nothing to be done.沒有辦法(束手無策)。

7.與其它詞連用，構成復合謂語。如：

There may be a rain this afternoon.今天下午可能有雨。

There used to be a cinema here before the war.戰爭之前，這兒有一家電影院。

8.變體

there be結構中的be有時可用live, stand, remain等代替。如：

Once there lived a king who cared more about new clothes than anything else.從前有位國王喜歡新服勝過別的任何東西。

9.習慣用語

There is no good /use(in)doing sth.做某事沒有好處/用處；There is not a moment to lose.一刻也不能耽誤。例如：

There is no good making friends with him.和他交朋友沒有什么好處。

He is very ill.Send him to hospital.There's not a moment to lose.他病得厲害，把他送到醫院去，一刻也不能耽誤。

第四篇：初中英語小結

1(see、hear、notice、find、feel、listen to、look at(感官動詞)+do eg:I like watching monkeys jump（比較級 and 比較級）表示越來越怎么樣 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟（容易）4 agree with sb 贊成某人 all kinds of 各種各樣 a kind of 一樣 6 all over the world = the whole world 整個 世界 along with同……一道，伴隨…… eg : I will go along with you我將和你一起去

the students planted trees along with their teachers 學生同老師們一起種樹As soon as 一怎么樣就怎么樣 9 as you can see 你是知道的 ask for ……求助 向…要…（直接接想要的東西）eg : ask you for my book 11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么 ask sb to do sth 詢問某人某事 ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事at the age of 在……歲時 eg：I am sixteen I am at the age of sixteen 14 at the beginning of …… ……的起初；……的開始 at the end of +地點/+時間 最后；盡頭；末尾 eg : At the end of the day 16 at this time of year 在每年的這個時候 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +從句 感覺/對什么有信心，自信

eg : I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pass the test 18 be + doing 表：1 現在進行時 2 將來時 be able to(+ v 原)= can(+ v 原）能夠…… eg : She is able to sing She can sing be able to do sth 能夠干什么 eg :she is able to sing be afraid to do(of sth 恐懼，害怕…… eg : I'm afraed to go out at night I'm afraid of dog be angry with sb 生某人的氣 eg : Don't be angry with me 23 be allowed to do 被允許做什么

eg: I'm allowed to watch TV 我被允許看電視 I should be allowed to watch TV 我應該被允許看電視 be angry with(at)sb for doing sth 為什么而生某人的氣 be as…原級…as 和什么一樣 eg : She is as tall as me 她和我一樣高be ashamed to 27 be away from 遠離 28 be away from 從……離開 be bad for 對什么有害 eg : Reading books in the sun is bad for your eyes 在太陽下看書對你的眼睛不好 be born 出生于 31 be busy doing sth 忙于做什么事 be busy with sth 忙于……

be careful 當心；小心 33 be different from…… 和什么不一樣

be famous for 以……著名 35 be friendly to sb 對某人友好

be from = come from 來自 eg ：He is from Bejing He comes from Bejing Is he from Bejing ? Does he come from Bejing ?

be full of 裝滿……的 be filled with 充滿 eg: the glass is full of water the glass is filled with water

be good at(+doing)= do well in 在某方面善長, 善于…… 40 be glad+to+do/從句 39 be going to + v(原）將來時

be good for 對什么有好處 eg : Reading aloud is good for your English 42 be happy to do 很高興做某事

be helpful to sb 對某人有好處

eg : Reading aloud is helpful to you 大聲朗讀對你有好處

Exercising is helpful to your bady 鍛煉對你的身體有好處

be in good health 身體健康

be in trouble 處于困難中 eg : She is in trouble They are in tronble 46 be interested in 對某方面感興趣

be late for = come late to 遲到 eg: Be late for class 上課遲到

be like 像…… eg : I'm like my mother 49 be mad at 生某人的氣

be made from 由……制成(制成以后看不見原材料)

be made of 由……制成(制成以后還看得見原材料)52 be not sure 表不確定

be on a visit to 參觀 54 be popular with sb 受某人歡迎

be quiet 安靜 56 be short for 表**的縮寫 eg: 陶 is short for 陶俊杰

be sick in bed 生病在床 58 be sorry to do sth be sorry for sb eg : I am sorry for you

be sorry to hear that 60 be sorry to trouble sb eg : I am sorry to trouble you 61 be strict in doing sth 嚴于做某事 eg : He's strict in obeying noles 62 be strict with sb 對某人要求嚴格 eg: Some students are not strict with them selves 這些學生對自己不嚴格

be strict with sb in sth 某方面對某人嚴格 64 be supposed to do 被要求干什么

be sure 表確定 66 be sure of doing sth 對做某事有信心 eg: He is sure of winning I am sure of learning English well

be sure of sth 對做某事有信心 eg: I'm sure of my head(my teacher 我相信我的大腦（老師）

be sure that sth 對做某事有信心 eg: I'm suer that he can pass the test 我相信他能通過考試

be sure to do sth一定會做某事eg: We are sure to pass the test 我們一定會通過這次考試 We are sure to learn English well 我們一定能學好英語

be terrified of + 名/動doing 害怕…… 71 be terrified to do sth 害怕做某事

be the same as … 和什么一樣 73 be used to doing sth習慣做某事

eg: My father is used to getting up early 我爸爸習慣早He is used to sleeping in class 他習慣上課睡覺

be worth doing 值得做什么 75 be(feel)afraid to do sth 害怕做某事be afraid of sth 害怕某物 be afraid that 叢句

because+句子 because of +短語

eg : He was late because he had a headache He was late because of his headache 77 begin to do = start to do 開始做某事 start…with…=begin…with… 以什么開始什么

eg : Let's begin the game with the song I begin to go home 78 between…and… 兩者之間

borrow sth from sb 向……借…… lend sth to sb(lend sb sth 借給……什么東西

eg : I borrowed a pen from him he lent a pen to me(he lent me a pen 80 both = the same(as)= not different(from)表相同

bother 打擾 bother sb to do sth

eg : I'm sorry to bother you ,but can you tell me to way to the station 我十分道歉打擾你，但是你能告訴我怎么去車站

the problem has been bothering me for weeks 這個問題困擾了我幾個周了

He's bothering me to lend him money

by the end of 到……為止 83 call sb sth eg : We call him old wang

care 關心 eg : Don't you care about this country's future ?你為什么不關心國家的未來

catch up with sb 趕上某人 86 chat with sb 和某人閑談 take sb to + 地點 帶某人去某地

come in 進88 come over to 過來

come up with 提出 eg: Can you come up with a good idea 你能想出一個好辦法嗎？

communicate with sb 和某人交流

consider + doing 考慮做什么 eg : Why not consider going to lu zhou 為什么不考慮去瀘州？

dance to 隨著……跳舞 eg : She likes dancing to the music 她喜歡隨著音樂跳舞

decide to do sth 決定做某事 94 do a survey of 做某方面的調查 95 do better in 在……方面做得更好

do wrong 做錯 97 Don't forget to do sth 不要忘了做某事 98 Don't mind +doing /從句 /名詞 不要介意……

each +名（單）每一個…eg : Each student has many books 每一個學生都有一些書 100 end up +doing 101 enjoy +doing喜歡 102 escape from 從……逃跑eg: The prisoners have escaped from the prison犯人從監獄里逃跑出來 103 expect to do sth 期待做某事 104 fall down 摔下來 fall off 從哪摔下來 105 fall in love with sb /sth 愛上什么

far from 離某地遠 eg : The school is far from my home 107 find +it +adj +to do 發現做某事怎么樣

find sb/sth +adj 發現什么怎么樣 eg : I find the book interesting 109 finish 完成+doing（名詞）

fit to sb = be fit for sb 適合某人 111 forget to do 沒有做而忘了 forget doing 做了而又忘了 eg: Don't forget to go home I forget closing door 112 from…to… 從某某到某某 eg: From me for her 113 get /have sth down 做完，被（別人）做…eg: I have my hair cut 我理了發(頭發被剪了）

Tom got his bad tooth pulled out 湯母把他的壞牙拔掉了（被牙醫拔掉了）

get a part-time job= find a part-time job 115 get along well with sb = get on well with sb 與某人相處得好

get along with sb = get on with sb 與某人相處 117 get ready for = be ready for為什么而準備eg : I get ready for math I am ready for math 118 get sb in to trouble 給某人麻119 get sb to do sth

get…from… 從某處得到某物 121 give a talk 做報告 eg: He is give a tall 122 give sth to sb give sb sth 給某人某物 123 go fish 釣魚 go swimming 游泳

go on to do 去做下一件事 go on doing 繼續做這件事 125 go out away from go out of

go to school 上學（用于專業的）go to the school 去學校（不一定是上學）127 good way to 好方法

hate to do 討厭沒做過的事 hate doing 討厭做過的事

have a party for sb 舉辦誰的晚會 130 have a talk 聽報告 談一談

have been doing 現在完成進行時 eg : You have been talking You have been sleeping since

have been to …(地方）……去過某過地方 have gone to …（地方）去了某地還沒回來

have fun +doing 玩得高興 134 have sth to do 有什么事要做

eg: I have a lot of homework to do 我有很多家庭作業要做 I have nothing to do 我沒什么事情做

have to do sth 必須做某事

have trouble(problem)(in)doing sth 做什么事情有麻煩

have…time +doing

have…(時間)…off 放……假 eg: I have month off 我請一個月得假

hear sb +do/doing 聽見某人做某事/正在做某事

help a lot 很大用處

help sb with sth one's sth 幫助某人某事（某方面）help sb(to)do sth 幫助某人做某事

hope to do sth 希望做某事

How about(+doing)= What about(+doing)

how do you like = what do you think of 你對什么的看法

if : 是否＝wether

eg: I don't know if(wether)I should go to the party 我不知道我是否應該去參加晚會

He don't know if(wether)we will arrive on time tomorrow morning 他不知道我們明天早上是否能準時到達

if :如果，假如（全部接一般時態）＋條件語態從句

eg: I'll go to LuZhou if it does't rain 假如明天不下雨，我就去瀘州 If they change the plan they will let me know 假如他們要改變計劃，他們會讓我知道的

I'll go to England ,if I have enough money next year 如果我明年由足夠的錢，我就要去英國

in one's opinion = sb think 某人認為

in some ways 在某些方面

in the end = finally(adv)最后

in the north of… 什么在什么的北方（north 北 sowth 南 west 西 east 東）

第五篇：初中英語句子

初中英語句子大全

1、Who is the lady in white 穿白衣服的那位小姐是誰？

2、I'm a farmer.我是個農民。

3、Do you have glue I need some here.你有膠水嗎？我這里需要一點。

4、What time is it now 現在幾點？

5、Do you have shampoo here 這兒有香波賣嗎？

6、Is that girl a student 那個女孩是學生嗎？

7、What does he do 他是干什么的？

8、Do you have my pencil 你拿了我的鉛筆嗎？

9、Yes, I have your eraser, too.是的，我還拿了你的橡皮。

10、I really don't known.我真不知道。

11、We must arrive there on time.我們必須準時到那兒。

12、Can she be a driver 她可能是個司機嗎？

13、No, I'm a single son.沒有，我是獨生子。

14、It's two o'clock.現在兩點。

15、子

16、Can you finish your work ahead of time 你能提前完成工作嗎？

17、Rose, let me introduce my friend to you.羅斯，讓我介紹一下我的朋友。

18、Just call me Tom.就叫我湯姆吧。

19、Could you introduce me to her 你能把我介紹給她嗎？

20、Who is the guy over there 那邊那個人是誰？

21、Does your computer have a modem 你的電腦有調制解調器嗎？

22、If you have more, please give me some.如果你有多的，請給我。

23、No, she isn't.不，她不是。

24、May I have your name 能告訴我你的名字嗎？

25、My watch says two o'clock.我的表是兩點鐘。

26、It's not four o'clock.還沒到四點呢。

27、There are only two minutes left.只剩兩分鐘了。

28、My watch is two minutes fast.我的表快了兩分鐘。

29、Do you have any brothers or sisters 你有兄弟或姐妹嗎？

30、What's your name 你叫什么名字？

31、Who are you 你是誰？

32、She must be a model, isn't 她一定是個模特，不是嗎？

33、It's a quarter past five.現在是五點一刻。

34、Yes, I think so.是的，我認為是。

35、What do you do 你是做什么的？

36、What's the time by your watch 你的表幾點了？

37、I have no idea about it.我一點都不知道。

38、I have some left.我剩下一些。

39、What's your family name 你姓什么？