第一篇：初中英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)用法小結(jié)

初中英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)用法小結(jié)

一、語(yǔ)態(tài)概述

英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)態(tài)是通過(guò)動(dòng)詞形式的變化表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的。英語(yǔ)中有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。

例如：Many people speak Chinese.謂語(yǔ)：speak的動(dòng)作是由主語(yǔ)many people來(lái)執(zhí)行的。

被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者，即行為動(dòng)作的對(duì)象。例如：Chinese is spoken by many people.英語(yǔ)English是動(dòng)詞speak的承受者。

二、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由“助動(dòng)詞be＋及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化是通過(guò)be的變化表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的。現(xiàn)以speak為例說(shuō)明被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)在各種時(shí)態(tài)中的構(gòu)成。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：am／is/are＋spoken

一般過(guò)去時(shí)：was／were＋spoken

一般將來(lái)時(shí)：will／shall be＋spoken

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：am／is／are being＋spoken

過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)：was/were being＋spoken

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：have／has been＋spoken

過(guò)去完成時(shí)：had been + spoken

三、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法

（1）不知道或沒(méi)有必要說(shuō)明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí)。

例如：Some new computers were stolen last night.一些新電腦在昨晚被盜了。（不知道電腦是誰(shuí)偷的）

This bridge was founded in 1981.這座橋竣工于1981年。

（2）強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者，而不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。

例如：The glass was broken by Mike.玻璃杯是邁克打破的。

This book was written by him.這本書是他寫的。

Your homework must be finished on time.你們的家庭作業(yè)必須及時(shí)完成。

四、主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的方法

（1）把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)。

（2）把謂語(yǔ)變成被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)（be＋過(guò)去分詞）（根據(jù)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句子里的主語(yǔ)的人稱和數(shù)，以及原來(lái)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句子中動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)決定be的形式）。

（3）把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的主語(yǔ)放在介詞by之后作賓語(yǔ)，將主格改為賓格。例如：All the people laughed at him.He was laughed at by all people.They make the bikes in the factory.The bikes are made by them in the factory.He cut down a tree.A tree was cut down by him.五、含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)句變成被動(dòng)句時(shí)，由“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋be＋過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成，原來(lái)帶to的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后“to”仍要保留。

We can repair this watch in two days.This watch can be repaired in two days.They should do it at once.It should be done at once.六、特殊情況

1.He made the boy work for two hours yesterday.The boy was made to work by him for two hours yesterday.2.Mother never lets me watch TV.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)同步達(dá)標(biāo)練習(xí)】

Ⅰ.單項(xiàng)選擇(選自各地中考題)

()1.The medicine______in a dry and cool place.(2000年重慶市中考題)

A.keep B.must keep C.must be kept D.must be keep

()3.Today ,the forests have almost gone.People must______down too many trees.(2001年安徽省中考題)

A.stop to out B.stop from cutting

C.be stopped to cut D.be stopped from cutting

()5.The key ______ for locking the classroom door.(2001年廣西省中考題)

A.uses B.is used C.is using D.use

()6.A new school______over there in two years.(2001年四川省中考題)

A.may build B.may be built C.is built

()8.Computers are very useful.For example ,they can______sending e-mail.(電子郵件)(2001年蘇州市中考題)

A.use for B.be used of C.be used for D.use of

()9.—What a nice garden!

—It______every day.(2000年武漢市中考題)

A.is cleaning B.has cleaned C.must clean D.is cleaned

()10.This work ______next week.(2000年廣西省中考題)

A.may finish B.finish C.finishes D.may be finished

()11.My house______in 1995.We have lived there for nearly five years.(2000年廣西省中考題)

A.was built B.has built C.is built D.were built

()12.The lost boy______early this morning.(2000年四川省中考題)

A.found B.was founded C.was found D.founded

()13.That white building______two years ago ,but it is quite old now.(2000年河北省中考題)

A.built B.was built C.is built D.builds

()14.The big tree______by my mother ten years ago.(2000年甘肅省中考題)

A.was planted B.planted C.has planted D.was planting【綜合能力訓(xùn)練】 Ⅱ.用括號(hào)中動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的適當(dāng)形式填空。.English______widely______(use)in the world..These pictures must(keep)well..She______(fall)ill last night ,and she______(take)to the hospital at once.4.Now rice and wheat______(grow)in my hometown ,too.Look!The

crops__________(grow)fast in the fields..The Great Wall(know)all over the world..______the street lights usually ______(turn)on at seven in summer evening ? 7.______this kind of car______(produce)in Wuhan ?.______the doctor______(send)for last night ?.We used a teapot before the thermos______(invent)..Three children______(take)good care of by the nurse..Some new houses______(build)by the villagers themselves..What language ______(speak)in Japan ?.The black bike______(buy)in that shop three days ago..The doctor said Jim must ______(operate)on at once..The big tree______(blow)down in the storm last night.【創(chuàng)新備考訓(xùn)練】

Ⅲ.將下列主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。.You needn’t do it now..You must finish your homework now..We can do the work today..They founded that hospital in 1996..Yesterday we played football after school..People all over the world know the Great Wall.11.He often helps his brother.

第二篇：初中英語(yǔ)介詞用法小結(jié)

初中英語(yǔ)介詞用法小結(jié)

介詞主要是用來(lái)表示它后面的名詞或代詞與句中其他某個(gè)成分之間的關(guān)系。不能獨(dú)立充當(dāng)句子成分，必須與后面的賓語(yǔ)構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)后才能做句子成分。

一.介詞（短語(yǔ)）語(yǔ)法功能

1.作狀語(yǔ)

介詞（短語(yǔ)）在句子作狀語(yǔ)修飾動(dòng)詞。表示“時(shí)間”，‘‘地點(diǎn)”,‘‘條件”,‘‘方式”或‘‘目的”等。

例如:①She gets up at 6:30 in the morning every day.(表時(shí)間)

②There are some books on the desk.(表地點(diǎn))

③People can’t live without air or water.(表?xiàng)l件)

2.作定語(yǔ)介詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)表示某個(gè)關(guān)系，一般放在它所修飾的名詞或代詞之后。例如 The girl in the red skirt is Lucy.(后置定語(yǔ))

3.作表語(yǔ)

介詞短語(yǔ)作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，多放在be 動(dòng)詞之后。

例如：① She is in the next room.② He is from English.二.常用介詞的用法

1.表示時(shí)間的介詞

①in,on,at.in 表示世紀(jì)，年，周，季節(jié)，在上午∕下午∕晚上∕白天等。

例如：in the morningin Mayin 2012in his fortiesin an hour

on 表示確定的時(shí)間，某日，某日的上午，下午，晚上，星期幾，或一般節(jié)日等。

例如：on Sundayon a rainy eveningon May 4on the night of May 4on Teachers’

Dayon Children’s Day

at 用于表示時(shí)間“點(diǎn)”.夜里.中午及某些詞組中

例如.at 4 o’clockat noonat that timeat the end ofat the age of②by ,until∕till

表示期限時(shí)通常用介詞by ,until ∕till

by表示“不遲于”，“在 ……之前”

例如：They had seen four English films by the end of last night.Until ∕till到……為止

在肯定句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。

例如： Iwaited for my mum until she came home.在否定句中，not … until譯成“直到……才”謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。

例如：I didn’t go to bed until my mum came home.③in ,for ,during ,through

1)in 表示“在。。。時(shí)間內(nèi)”“在。。。時(shí)間后”

例如 :Do you work in the day time or at night ?

I hear he’ll be back in a week.2)for 后接一段時(shí)間，可與多種時(shí)態(tài)連用，如與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只能用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。

例如：She has worked there for 8 years.3)during表示“在。。。期間”，強(qiáng)調(diào)“自始自終”.例如：

4)through =from beginning to end“自始自終”“從頭到尾 ”

例如：Dr.Bethune went on working through the night.注：對(duì)“in+時(shí)間段”提問(wèn)用how soon

對(duì)“for+ 時(shí)間段”提問(wèn)用 how long

On the+身體硬部位

in the +身體軟部位

④表示時(shí)間的起點(diǎn)用since 或from

例如：Tom has worked in the factory since three years ago.From now on ,I will learn English in the morning.⑤in 和after

1)in “在。。。以后”從現(xiàn)在算起，后接時(shí)間段，常用于將來(lái)時(shí)。

例如：We’ll be back in a week.He’ll arrive at Shanghai2)after “在。。。以后”，從過(guò)去算起，后接時(shí)間段，常用于過(guò)去時(shí)。

例如：They got there after 8 hours.后接時(shí)間點(diǎn)，常用于將來(lái)時(shí)。

例如：The plane is leaving after nine.2.表示地點(diǎn).位置的介詞

①inontoat

in 在某一范圍之內(nèi)。

例如：Shanghai lies in the east of China.on 表示兩個(gè)不同的個(gè)體相鄰或接壤。

例如：Hefei lies on the south of Huainan.to表示兩個(gè)個(gè)體間有一段距離或隔海相望。

例如：Japan is to the east of China.At表示在街道或城鎮(zhèn)。

例如： He lives at 158 JianguoStreet.②inat

in后跟較大地方

例如：He lived in China three years ago.at 后接較小地方

例如：We waited at the gate of the school.③aboveoveron

Above表示位置高于某物不接觸，在其上方任意一點(diǎn)，但不是正上方。其反義詞是below例如：The moon is now above the trees in the east.Over 指正上方,垂直方向。其反義詞是under

例如：There is a bridge over the river.On 在。。。上面，相互接觸。

例如：There is a pen on the desk.特殊用法：on在樹(shù)上<本身具有> There are some apples on the tree.in在樹(shù)上< 外來(lái)物> There are some birds in the tree.3表示方向的介詞：bywithin

by后跟動(dòng)名詞或抽象化的可數(shù)名詞（其前不用冠詞）意為“用??手段或方法” 例如: He goes to school by bus every day.The old man had to make money by selling vegetables.with表示用工具，借助于某一具體的手段，工具，材料或人體器官。

例如：People here build houses with stones.With the help of my teacher ,I did well in my English.We see with our eyes.in 用材料.語(yǔ)言.聲音等媒介，以??方式.What is this in English ? She said in a loud voice.He wrote the words in red ink.4.to 的兩種用法的區(qū)別

① to+v.(不定式)

例如：to do sth

② to+v-ing(介詞)

例如：look fordward to doing sth

get /be used to doing sth

pay attention todoing sth

make a contribution to doing sth

prefer doing sthto doing sth

6.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)前不用介詞的情況。

當(dāng)morning等詞前有this ,that ,next ,last 等詞修飾時(shí)，介詞須省去。下列介詞須省去：

修飾語(yǔ)中心詞

① this /thatmorning/week /year/January/spring② next /lastSunday /week /term/year/spring/May③ tomorrow/yesterday/lastmorning/afternoon/evening

④ the dayafter tomorrow /before yesterday

⑤ after/before/nextthe week /month

第三篇：初中英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)用法小結(jié)

英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)用法小結(jié) 根據(jù)試題統(tǒng)計(jì)，動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)法占語(yǔ)法考題中的50%左右，其內(nèi)容主要包括動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、要掌握英語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)，必須掌握好英語(yǔ)中的助動(dòng)詞(do, be, have)和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)這兩個(gè)核心問(wèn)題。現(xiàn)將各考點(diǎn)分別歸納如下。

1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

主要用來(lái)表示人、事物的現(xiàn)在狀況和特點(diǎn)；表示經(jīng)常或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，句子中常有often, always, from time to time 等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)；表示客觀規(guī)律和永恒真理等。

He usually goes to work at 7 o’clock every morning.She has a brother who lives in New York.The earth goes around the sun.Guangzhou is situated in the south of China.考點(diǎn)一：表示永恒的真理，即使出現(xiàn)在過(guò)去的語(yǔ)境中，仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如：I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school.考點(diǎn)二：在時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)，常用的引導(dǎo)詞有：時(shí)間：when, until, after, before, as soon as, once, the moment / minute / day / year

條件：if, unless, provided If he accepts the job, he will get more money soon.考點(diǎn)三：在make sure(certain), see to it, mind, care, matter ＋賓語(yǔ)從句中，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)。

So long as he works hard, I don’t mind when he finishes the

experiment.只要他努力工作，我不介意他什么時(shí)候做完試驗(yàn)。

考點(diǎn)四：在the more… the more …(越…越…)句型中, 若主句是一般將來(lái)時(shí), 從句通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

The harder you study, the better results you will get.2.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

表說(shuō)話時(shí)或目前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的活動(dòng)；與頻率副詞，如always，constantly，continually，again等連用，表示說(shuō)話人的某種感情色彩(贊嘆、厭煩、埋怨等)。

We are having English class.The house is being built these days.The little boy is always making trouble.考點(diǎn)一：在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或條件狀語(yǔ)從句中表示將來(lái)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。Look out when you are crossing the street.Don't wake him up if he is still sleeping at 7 tomorrow morning.考點(diǎn)二： 表示在最近按計(jì)劃或安排要進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作(這時(shí)多有表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))。

Marry is leaving on Friday.3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，完成在過(guò)去，但強(qiáng)調(diào)與現(xiàn)在情況仍有聯(lián)系，其結(jié)果或影響仍存在。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)有一些標(biāo)志性的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。

考點(diǎn)一：for + 時(shí)間段；since + 時(shí)間點(diǎn)

They have lived in Beijing for five years.They have lived in Beijing since 1995.I have learned English for ten years.考點(diǎn)二：常見(jiàn)的不確定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：lately, recently, just, already, yet, up to now;till now;so far, these days

Has it stopped raining yet?

考點(diǎn)三：在表示“最近幾世紀(jì)/年/月以來(lái)……”時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。

in the past few years/months/weeks/days, over the past few years, during the last three months, for the last few centuries, through centuries, throughout history 等

In the past 30 years China has made great advances in socialist construction.考點(diǎn)四：表示“的過(guò)去”，句中有明顯的參照動(dòng)作或時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，這種時(shí)態(tài)從來(lái)不孤立使用。There had been 25 parks in our city up till 2000.By the end of last term we had finished the book.They finished earlier than we had expected.考點(diǎn)一：用于hardly/scarcely...when;no sooner...than句型中，主句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。

I had hardly finished my work when he came to see me.I had no sooner got into the room than it began to snow.No sooner had I arrived home than the telephone rang.(注意倒裝)考點(diǎn)二：表示“

“be about to + 動(dòng)詞原形”表示按照預(yù)定計(jì)劃或打算準(zhǔn)備著手進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。“be to + 動(dòng)詞原形”表示必須、必然或計(jì)劃將要做的事。

They are to be married in May.8.將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)

表示將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，或按計(jì)劃一定會(huì)發(fā)生的事情。

I’ll be doing my homework this time tomorrow.明天這會(huì)我正在寫作業(yè)。The President will be meeting the foreign delegation at the airport.9.將來(lái)完成時(shí)

表示在將來(lái)某時(shí)刻之前業(yè)已完成的事情，時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)非常明顯。

考點(diǎn)一：常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)一般用by + 將來(lái)時(shí)間，如：by the end of this year, by 8 o’clock this evening, by March next year以及由by the time…, before或when等引導(dǎo)的從句。

By the end of next month, he will have traveled 1000 miles on foot.By the time you reach the station, the train will have left.By next Tuesday, I will have got ready for the exams.考點(diǎn)二：在時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，將來(lái)完成時(shí)則由現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示。The children will do their homework the moment they have arrived back from school.10.動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)

一般用于強(qiáng)調(diào)受者，做題時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后通常不再有名詞或賓語(yǔ)。動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)一般不單獨(dú)考，而是和時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)氣和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一起考，需要注意以下考點(diǎn)。考點(diǎn)一：不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的動(dòng)詞和詞組

come true, consist of, take place, happen, become, rise, occur, belong, break out, appear, arrive, die, fall, last, exist, fail, succeedIt took place before liberation.考點(diǎn)二：下列動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示被動(dòng)意義, 而且常與well, quite, easily, badly等副詞連用：lock, wash, sell, read, wear, blame, ride , write

Glass breaks easily.玻璃容易破碎。The car rides smoothly.這車走起

來(lái)很穩(wěn)。

The case locks easily.這箱子很好鎖。The book sells well.這本書很暢銷。

考點(diǎn)三：一些常用經(jīng)典被動(dòng)句型

It is said…, It is reported…, It is widely believed…，It is expected…, It is estimated…,這些句子一般翻譯為“據(jù)說(shuō)…”，“人們認(rèn)為…”，而“以前人們認(rèn)為…”則應(yīng)該說(shuō)：It was believed…, It was thought…

第四篇：初中英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和定語(yǔ)從句的用法詳解

初中英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法詳解

一、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)

主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(The Active Voice)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(The Passive Voice)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。構(gòu)成：承受者+助動(dòng)詞be+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞+by+執(zhí)行者

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：am/is/are+過(guò)去分詞.一般過(guò)去時(shí)：was/were+過(guò)去分詞 一般將來(lái)時(shí)：shall /will be +過(guò)去分詞 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：have /has been +過(guò)去分詞 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：am/is/are+being+過(guò)去分詞.過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)：should /would be +過(guò)去分詞.含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+過(guò)去分詞.二、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法

1)當(dāng)我們不知道動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí)，或者沒(méi)有必要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，需用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

2)當(dāng)我們需要強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí),常用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

3)如果需要說(shuō)出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者, 用by引導(dǎo)出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)要與原句時(shí)態(tài)保持一致，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與新主語(yǔ)保持一致。

三、主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的情況 1)主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)

將主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)。

(主動(dòng))We bought a book yesterday.(被動(dòng))The book was bought yesterday.2)主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)

將主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)。多數(shù)情況下將間接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)。如果直接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)時(shí)，間接賓語(yǔ)前要加介詞to / for。

(主動(dòng))He showed me a book yesterday.(被動(dòng))I was showed a book yesterday.(被動(dòng))The book was showed to me yesterday.3)主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)

含有一個(gè)由賓語(yǔ)加賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)構(gòu)成的復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，將主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)保留不變，成為主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。

(主動(dòng))I found him a good pupil.(賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))(被動(dòng))He was found a good pupil.(主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))

4)短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

有些短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞相當(dāng)于一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞，其后可以接賓語(yǔ)，因此它們也有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，但短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是不可分割的整體，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)不可去掉其后面的介詞或副詞。

(主動(dòng))We should look after the patients very well.(被動(dòng))The patients should be looked after very well by us.5)賓語(yǔ)從句變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

若主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中是賓語(yǔ)從句，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)常用it作形式主語(yǔ)，而把真正的主語(yǔ)放在后面。It’s said that he passed the exam.6)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)特殊問(wèn)題：

(1)不及物動(dòng)詞帶介詞和介詞賓語(yǔ)，在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，仍然要帶上介詞。

(主動(dòng))The students in class listen to the teacher carefully.(被動(dòng))The teacher is listened to carefully by the students in class.(2)當(dāng)動(dòng)詞帶有復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，并且賓補(bǔ)是省去“to”的動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí)，在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中應(yīng)加上“to”。使役動(dòng)詞make have let，感官動(dòng)詞see watch notice hear feel等。

(主動(dòng))They make do all the work.(被動(dòng))We were made to do all the work.(主動(dòng))We often hear her sing English songs.(被動(dòng))She is often heard to sing English songs.(主動(dòng))I see him walk to school.(被動(dòng))He is seen to walk to school.初中英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句的用法詳解

一、定語(yǔ)從句的概念

在復(fù)合句中,修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞,定語(yǔ)從句一般放在先行詞的后面。

二、定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞

引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞,常見(jiàn)的關(guān)系代詞包括that, which, who(賓格whom,所有格whose)等,關(guān)系副詞包where, when, why等。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞放在先行詞及定語(yǔ)從句之間起連接作用,同時(shí)又作定語(yǔ)從句的重要成分。

三、定語(yǔ)從句的分類

根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞的關(guān)系,定語(yǔ)從句可分為限制性定語(yǔ)從句及非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。限制性定語(yǔ)從句緊跟先行詞,主句與從句不用逗號(hào)分開(kāi),從句不可省去,非限制性定語(yǔ)從句主句與從句之間有逗號(hào)分開(kāi),起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。

四、關(guān)系代詞的用法

1.that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),作主語(yǔ)時(shí)不可省略,作賓語(yǔ)可省略。例如: Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.瑪麗喜歡輕柔的音樂(lè)。(that作主語(yǔ))The coat(that)I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是藍(lán)色的。(that作賓語(yǔ))2.which用于指物,在句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),作主語(yǔ)不可省略,作賓語(yǔ)可省略。例如: The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火車站附近的那座大樓是一家超市。(作主語(yǔ))The film(which)we saw last night was wonderful.我們昨天晚上看的那部電影很好看。(作賓語(yǔ))3.who, whom用于指人,who 用作主語(yǔ),whom用作賓語(yǔ)。在口語(yǔ)中,有時(shí)可用who代替whom, 也可省略。例如:

The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.經(jīng)常在英語(yǔ)方面幫助我的那個(gè)女孩是英國(guó)人。(作主語(yǔ))Who is the teacher(whom)Li Ming is talking to? 正在與李明談話的老師是誰(shuí)?(作賓語(yǔ))注意:(1)當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句中含有介詞,介詞放在句末時(shí),who, that, which可省略,但介詞在關(guān)系代詞前時(shí),只能用“介詞+which/whom”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如: This is the house in which we lived last year.這是我們?nèi)ツ昃幼〉姆孔印?/p>

Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.請(qǐng)告訴我你從誰(shuí)那借的這本英文小說(shuō)。

(2)含有介詞的固定動(dòng)詞詞組中,介詞不可前置,只能放在原來(lái)的位置上。例如: This is the person whom you are looking for.這就是你要找的那個(gè)人。

(3)that 作介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí),介詞不能放它的前面,只能放在從句中動(dòng)詞的后面。例如: The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常遠(yuǎn)。

(4)關(guān)系詞只能用that的情況:

a.先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)所修飾,或本身是序數(shù)詞、基數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí),只能用that,而不用which.例如: He was the first person that passed the exam.他是第一個(gè)通過(guò)考試的人。

b.被修飾的先行詞為all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one等不定代詞時(shí),只能用that,而不用which.例如: Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop? 你在商店里有什么東西要買嗎? c.先行詞被the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few 等詞修飾時(shí),只能用that,而不用which.例如: This is the same bike that I lost.這就是我丟的那輛自行車。

d.先行詞里同時(shí)含有人或物時(shí),只能用that, 而不用which.例如: I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚記得我在那個(gè)房間所見(jiàn)到的人和一些照片。

e.以who或which引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問(wèn)句,為避免重復(fù),只能用that.例如: Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那個(gè)女孩是誰(shuí)?

f.主句是there be 結(jié)構(gòu),修飾主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)從句用that,而不用which.例如: There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.桌子上那本書是湯姆的。

(5)關(guān)系詞只能用which,而不用that 的情況: a.先行詞為that, those時(shí),用which, 而不用that.例如: What’s that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些東西是什么? b.關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí),一般用which,而不用that.例如: This is the room in which he lives.這是他居住的房間。c.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,用which, 而不用that.例如: Tom came back, which made us happy.湯姆回來(lái)了,這使我們很高興。

五、關(guān)系副詞的用法

(1)when指時(shí)間,其先行詞表示時(shí)間,在句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。

例如: This was the time when he arrived.這是他到達(dá)的時(shí)間。(2)where指地點(diǎn),其先行詞表示地點(diǎn),在句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。例如: This is place where he works.這是他工作的地點(diǎn)。(3)why 指原因,其先行詞是原因,起原因狀語(yǔ)作用。

例如: Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.沒(méi)人知道他為什么上學(xué)總遲到。

第五篇：初中英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式用法小結(jié)

初中英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式用法小結(jié)

動(dòng)詞不定式是動(dòng)詞的一種非謂語(yǔ)形式，又叫非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，它沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化，在句子中不能做謂語(yǔ)；它由“to+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成，這里的to是動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)，本身沒(méi)有詞義，其否定形式常在to前加not；由于它仍保持動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn)，可以有自己的賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)，還可以帶疑問(wèn)詞和由for引出其邏輯主語(yǔ)等形成動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)；不定式或不定式短語(yǔ)具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的特征，在句子中可作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)等句子成分。為使同學(xué)們更好地掌握其用法，現(xiàn)總結(jié)如下：

一、動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)

動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，為避免句子的頭重腳輕，常用it作為形式主語(yǔ)，而真正的主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式后置。如要說(shuō)明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，可在不定式前加for引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)；但如果表語(yǔ)是nice, kind, clever等描述動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者的性格、品質(zhì)的形容詞時(shí)，則應(yīng)在不定式前加of引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)。常用句型:It +be+adj./n.+(for/of sb.)to do sth./It takes sb.some time to do sth.二、動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)

一些動(dòng)詞，如want, decide, hope, ask, agree, choose, learn, plan, need, teach, prepare,等，常接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)。當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果后接賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，常用it作形式賓語(yǔ)，而把真正的賓語(yǔ)放在賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)之后。應(yīng)注意有些動(dòng)詞后面可接不定式作賓語(yǔ)，也可接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，但所表達(dá)的意義不同。常見(jiàn)的有：（1）stop to do sth.停止正在做的事，去做另一件事；stop doing sth..停止正在做的事（2）go on to do sth.做完一件事后，繼續(xù)做另一件事；go on doing sth.繼續(xù)做同一件事（3）remember/forget to do sth.記住／忘記去做某事；remember/forget doing sth.記得／忘記做過(guò)某事

三、動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)

動(dòng)詞不定式作后置定語(yǔ)時(shí)，與被修飾的名詞邏輯上有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。如果動(dòng)詞不定式是不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，則要帶上與之搭配的介詞，構(gòu)成及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。動(dòng)詞不定式作后置定語(yǔ)常用于“have/has ＋某事＋to do”或“enough＋名詞＋to do”“It’s time to do sth.”等結(jié)構(gòu)中。

四、動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)

有些動(dòng)詞，如tell, ask, want, invite, teach, like, call等可接帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成tell/ask/want /call/invite sb.to do sth.結(jié)構(gòu)。應(yīng)注意動(dòng)詞不定式作使役動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)應(yīng)省去to，在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中應(yīng)加上to。這些動(dòng)詞可歸納為“一感(feel)，二聽(tīng)(listen to, hear)，三讓(let, make, have,，四看(look at, see, watch, notice)，半幫助(help)(即在動(dòng)詞help后面作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，to可有可無(wú))”。另有口訣幫助記憶：“感使動(dòng)詞真奇怪，to在句中像妖怪，主動(dòng)句中to離開(kāi)，被動(dòng)句中to回來(lái)。”(let不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))

五、動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語(yǔ)

動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語(yǔ)主要用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞，表示目的，結(jié)果或原因。為了強(qiáng)調(diào)目的，有時(shí)可以把動(dòng)詞不定式放在句首，或在不定式前加in order或so as。常用結(jié)構(gòu)有too + adj./adv.+ to dosth.等。

六、固定句式中動(dòng)詞不定式的用法

在固定句式中對(duì)不定式的考察常見(jiàn)的有：had better(not)do sth./Would you like to do sth.?/Why not do sth.?/Would you please(not)do sth.?等。動(dòng)詞不定式專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練題：

一、單項(xiàng)選擇。

1._______ is difficult to work out the maths problem.A.This

B.That C.It

D.Its 2.We decided _______ at the end of this month.A.travel B.not start out C.to leave D.going 3.They have no paper_______.A.to write B.to write with C.write on D.to write on 4.Let him _______ a rest.I think he must be tired after the long walk.A.has

B.have C.to have D.having 5._______the computer is a problem.A.How to use B.What to use C.Where to use D.Which to use 6.The teacher told us _______in bed.A.don’t read B.read not C.to not read D.not to read 7.The old man was _______angry _______ say a word.A.so, that B.as, as C.too, to D.very, to 8.Why _______home tomorrow? A.not go B.not going C.not to go D.didn’t go 9.The TV set is too loud.Will you please _______? A.turn down it B.turn it down C.to turn it down D.to turn down it 10.It’s cold outside.You had better _______ your coat.A.to put on B.putting on C.puts on D.put on

二、用所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空。

1.It took half an hour _______(get)to the World Park from Kitty’s school.2.It was interesting _______(see)so many places of interest from all over the world.3.They want _______(save)time by using shorter words and phrases.4.Kitty’s classmate Daniel taught himself how _______(make)a home page.5.Things _______(do)in Beijing 6.He put his photos on it for everyone _______(look)at.7.Help him _______(put)the photos in the correct order.8.He made the girl _______(cry)yesterday.9.It’s time for class.Please stop _______(talk).10.I’d like _______(go)to the Temple of Heaven.參考答案：

一、1—5 CCDBA

6—10 DCABD

二、1.to get 2.to see 3.to save 4.to make 5.to do 6.to look 7.(to)put 8.cry 9.talking 10.to go