第一篇：初中英語被動語態的教案

被動語態

授課人：

授課時間：

一、語態概述

英語中有兩種語態：主動語態和被動語態。

主動語態表示主語是動作的執行者。巧記為：主動、主動、主去動。

例如：Many people speak English.謂語：speak的動作是由主語many people來執行的。

被動語態表示主語是動作的承受者，即行為動作的對象。巧記為：被動、被動、主被動。例如：English is spoken by many people.主語English是動詞speak的承受者。

He opened the door.他開了門。(主動句)

The door was opened.門被開了。(被動句)

判斷：你來判斷哪個是主動哪個是被動？

We call the doctor.People don’t play football here.The truck was cleaned yesterday.Mr Chen teaches us English.The classroom was cleaned.二、被動語態的構成：be+動詞的過去分詞+by sb（be+done)

一般現在時：am／is／are＋taught

一般過去時：was／were＋taught

一般將來時：will／shall be＋taught

現在進行時：am／is／are being＋taught

過去進行時：have／has been＋taught

現在完成時：have／has been＋taught

含有情態動詞的被動語態：can/may/must/should...+be done

歌訣是：被動語態be字變，過去分詞跟后面。

三、主動變被動的方法

口訣：主變賓，賓變主，By 句尾跟

Be 字變，Vpp跟后面

一、選擇題（2×15=30分）

一、選擇題（2×15=30分）

（）1._____ a new library _____ in our school last year? A.Is;built

B.Was;built

C.Does;build

D.Did;build（）2.An accident ____ on this road last week.A.has been happened B.was happened C.is happened

D.happened（）3.Cotton（棉花）____ in the southeast of China.A.is grown

B.are grown

C.grows

D.grow（）4.So far, the moon ____ by man already.A.is visited

B.will be visited

C.has been visited was visited（）5.A talk on Chinese history _____ in the school hall next week.A.is given

B.has been given

C.will be given

D.gives（）6.How many trees ____ this year?

A.are planted

B.will plant

C.have been planted D.planted（）7.A lot of things ____ by people to save the little girl now.D.A.are doing

B.are being done

C.has been done D.will be done（）8.--When ___ this kind of computers______?--Last year.A.did;use

B.was;used

C.is;used

D.are;used（）9.The Great Wall ____ all over the world.A.knows

B.knew

C.is known

D.was known（）10.Who _____ this book _____?

A.did;written

B.was;written by

C.did;written

D.was;written（）11.A story _____ by Granny yesterday.A.was told us

B.was told to us

C.is told us

D.told us（）12.The monkey was seen _____ off the tree.A.jump

B.jumps

C.jumped

D.to jump（）13.The school bag ___ behind the chair.A.puts

B.can be put

C.can be putted

D.can put（）14.Older people ____ well.A.looks after

B.must be looked after C.must look after D.looked after（）15.Our teacher ______ carefully.A.should be listened to B.should be listen

C.be listened

D.is listened

1.They built a new school in the village last year.（改為被動語態）

A new school ___________ ___________ in the village last year.2.In the old days people used teapots（茶壺）to make tea.（改為被動語態）

In the old days teapots ___________ ___________ to make tea.3.This makes me feel thirsty.（改為被動語態）

I __________ __________ __________ feel thirsty by this.4.Did you buy this bike from the shop ?（改為被動語態）

__________ __________ __________ __________ from the shop（by you）? 5.Only this year, millions of trees has been planted by the soldiers（改為主動語態）Only this year, The soldiers ___________ ___________ millions of

trees..6.We should speak to old men politely.（改為被動語態）

Old men should __________ __________ __________ politely.

第二篇：初中英語被動語態的教案(教學設計)

初二英語 被動語態

一、語態概述

英語的語態是通過動詞形式的變化表現出來的。英語中有兩種語態：主動語態和被動語態。

主動語態表示主語是動作的執行者。巧記為：主動、主動、主去動。

例如：Many people speak English.謂語：speak的動作是由主語many people來執行的。

被動語態表示主語是動作的承受者，即行為動作的對象。巧記為：被動、被動、主被動。例如：English is spoken by many people.主語English是動詞speak的承受者。判斷：看我上面舉的例子，你來判斷哪個是主動哪個是被動？

He opened the door.他開了門。(主動句)

The door was opened.門被開了。(被動句)說明：好了，現在我們對被動語態的句子形式有了一個形象的認識，但英語句子是千變萬化的，這時就需要你有“火眼金睛”了。下面老師就來具體講一講被動語態的構成。

二、被動語態的構成

被動語態由“助動詞be＋及物動詞的過去分詞”構成。人稱、數和時態的變化是通過be的變化表現出來的。現以teach為例說明被動語態在各種時態中的構成。

說明：別看英語中一會兒主動被動一會兒現在時一會兒過去時啥的，好像看得咱們眼花繚亂啦。其實呢，這么一堆東西歸納起來，就兩點：時態和語態。

一般現在時：am／is／are＋taught

一般過去時：was／were＋taught

一般將來時：will／shall be＋taught

現在進行時：am／is／are being＋taught

過去進行時：have／has been＋taught

現在完成時：have／has been＋taught

歌訣是：被動語態be字變，過去分詞跟后面。

說明：那么，什么時候用被動語態呢？簡單的說，凡是漢語中帶“被”的句子，都能轉換成英語的被動語態。

三、被動語態的用法

(1)不知道或沒有必要說明動作的執行者是誰。

例如：

Some new computers were stolen last night.一些新電腦在昨晚被盜了。(不知道電腦是誰偷的)

This book was published in 1981.這本書出版于1981年。

(2)強調動作的承受者，而不強調動作的執行者。

例如：the window was broken by Mike.窗戶是邁克打破的。

This book was written by him.這本書是他寫的。

Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed.每天8小時睡眠必須得到保證。

歌訣：誰做的動作不知道，說出誰做的沒有必要； 動作承受者需強調，被動語態運用到。

主動態和被動態指的是動詞形式，是詞法概念；而主動句和被動句則指的是句子結構，從而是句法概念。所謂主動句就是由主動態動詞(詞組)作謂語動詞的句子，而被動句則是由被動態動詞(詞組)作謂語動詞的句子。

補充內容：

四、主動語態變被動語態的方法

(1)把主動語態的賓語變為被動語態的主語。

(2)把謂語變成被動結構(be＋過去分詞)(根據被動語態句子里的主語的人稱和數，以及原來主動語態句子中動詞的時態來決定be的形式)。

(3)把主動語態中的主語放在介詞by之后作賓語，將主格改為賓格。例如：

All the people laughed at him.He was laughed at by all people.They make the bikes in the factory.The bikes are madeby themin the factory.歌訣是：賓變主，主變賓，by短語后面跟。

謂語動詞變被動，be后“過分”來使用。

五、含有情態動詞的被動語態

含有情態動詞的主動句變成被動句時，由“情態動詞＋be＋過去分詞”構成，原來帶to的情態動詞變成被動語態后“to”仍要保留。

歌訣是：情態動詞變動，情態加be加“過分”，原來帶to要保留。例如：

We can repair this watch in two days.This watch can be repaired in two days.You ought to take it away.It ought to be taken away.They should do it at once.It should be done at once.The People's Republic of China __ on October 1, 1949.A.found B.was founded C.is founded D.was found 2 English ____ in Canada.A.speaks B.are spoken C.is speaking D.is spoken 3 This English song___ by the girls after class.A.often sings B.often sang C.is often sang D.is often sung 4 This kind of car ___ in Japan.A, makes B.made C.is making D.is made 5 New computers ___ all over the world.A.is used B.are using C.are used D.have used 2 1 Our room must ___ clean.A.keep B.be kept C.to be kept D.to keep 2-I'd like to buy that coat.-I'm sorry.___.A.it sold B.it's selling C.It's been sold D.it had been sold A new house ___ at the corner of the road.A.is building B.is being built C.been built D.be building 4 The key ___ on the table when I leave.A.was left

B.will be left C.is left D.has been left 5 Doctors ___ in every part of the world.A.need

B.are needing C.are needed D.will need 6 His new book___ next month.A.will be published B.is publishing C.is being published D.has been published 3 1 Japanese ___ in every country.A.is not spoken B.are spoken C.is speaking D.is not speaking 2 These papers___yet.A.have not written B.have not been written C.has not written D.has not been written 3 The sports meet ___ be held until next week.A.didn't

B.won't

C.isn't

D.doesn't 4 1-My shoes are worn out.A.Can't they be mended?

B.Let me have a look at it.C.How much do they cost? D.Can't they mended? 2 ___ the watch been repaired yet? I badly need it.A.Does

B.Has

C.Is

D.Are 3 ___ these desks be needed?

A.Will

B.Are

C.Has

D.Do 5 1 Why ___ to talk about it yesterday? A.didn't a meeting hold

B.wasn't a meeting held

C.wasn't held a meeting

D.a meeting wasn't held 2 Who was the book___?

A.write

B.wrote

C.written

D.written by 3 Where ___ these boxes made?

A.was

B.were

C.is

D.am 6 1 The flowers ___ often.A.must be water

B.must be watered

C.must watered

D.must water 2 The books may___ for two weeks.A.be kept

B.be borrowed

C.keep

D.borrow 3 The broken bike____ here by Mr Smith.A.can mend B.can mended C.can be mend D.can be mended 7 1 The old bridge in my hometown___ next month.A.is going to be rebuilt B.will rebuilt C.are going to be rebuilt D.are going to rebuilt 2 The play ___ at the theatre next Sunday.A.is going to be shown B.will shown C.will show D.is shown 3 The old stone bridge ___ next week.A.is going to be rebuilt B.will be rebuild C.are going to be rebuilt D.will rebuild 8 1 Now these magazines__ in the library for a long time.A.have kept B.are keeping C.have been keeping D.have been kept 2 The pot ___ for ___ hot water.A.used;keeping B.was used;keeping C.is used;to keep D.are used;keep 3 Tea ___ in the south of China.A.grows B.is grown C.were grown D.will grow 4 The bridges___ two years ago.A.is built B.built C.were built D.was built 5 Wet clothes are often ___ up near a fire in rainy weather.A.hang B.hanged C.hanging D.hung 9 1 The river smells terrible.People must ___ dirty things into it.A.be stopped to throw B.be stopped from throwing C.stop to throw D.stop from throwing 2 The teapot ___ water.A.is filled with B.filled of C.fulling of D.filled 3 Old people must be looked after well and ___ politely.A.speak to B.spoken C.speak D.spoken to 4 Old people must ___.A.look after well B.be looked well after C.looked well after D.be looked after well 10 1 Newly-born babies___in hospital.A.are taken good care B.are taken good care of C.take good care of D.take good care 2 They were___ at the sudden noise.A.frightening B.frightened C.frighten D.frightens 3 These walls ___ stone.A.are made of B.made of.C.are made into D.made into 11 1 Jane ___ to sing us an American song last Saturday.A.called B.was asked C.told D.was said 2 The papers ___ to them.A.were shown B.show C.shown / D.have shown 3 The coat___her sister.A.made to B.were made for C.was made for D.was made to 12 1 I ___ five minutes to decide whether I should go or not.A.gave B.was giving C.had given D.was given 2 She will____good care____.A.take;of B.be taken;of C.take;for you D.be taken;of you 13 1 The teacher made him___ his homework.A.to do B.do C.did D.done 2 The boy_ streets without pay in the old days.A.was made to clean B.made cleanC.made to clean D.was made clean 3 These children____dance.A.were seen to B.were seen for C.were seen D.saw to 14 1 These stones___well.A.are fitted B.fit C.fits D.is fitted 2 The bike ___ 500 yuan.A.was cost B.costed C.cost D.is costed 3 The important meeting ___ on a cold morning last year.A.was'had B.was held C.held D.had 15 1 Great changes___ in the past ten years in China.A.took place B.have taken place C.were taking place D.had taken place 2 You can't use the computer, it____.A.was broken down B.is wrong C.is bad D.has broken down 3 Great changes___in our country during the past 20 years.A.have happened B.happened C.have been happened D.were happened 4 The watch has often ___ down.A.sat B.lain C.broken D.fell 16 1 Please pass me another cup.This one___.A.is broken B.is breaking C.broke D.broken 2 The story books___ by the writer in the 1960s.A.are written B.were writtenC.are writing D.were writing 3 What time ___ the door ___ every day? A.does;closed B.does;close C.is;closed D./;close 17 1 Can he___ himself?

A.get dress B.get dressed C.gets dressed D.instead of He fell from his bike and ___.A.is hurt B.gets hurt C.got hurt D.hurt 3 Lookout, please keep away from the fire, or your trousers will__

A.burnt B.burn C.burning D.get burn 18 1 The apple___very sweet.A.is tasted B.taste-C.tastes D.are tasting 2 You___ more beautiful in the light blue shirt.A.see B.watch C.look D.look at 3 What you said ___.like a good idea.A.heard B.listened C.sound D.sounded 19 1-What do you think of the TV play?-Wonderful.It is worth___ a second time.A.watching B.watched C.seen D.seeing 2 How dirty the tables are!They need___.A.to clean B.clean C.cleaning D.cleaned 3 The book is worth ___.A.seeing B.reading C.seen D.read 參考答案：

1.1-5 B D D D C

2.1-6 B C B B C A 3.1-3 A B B 4.1-3 A B A 5.1-3 B D B 6.1-3 B A D

7.1-3 A B A

8.1-5 D B B C D

9.1-4 B A D D 10.1-3 B B A

11.1-3 B A C

12.1-3 D D B

13.1-3 B A A 14.1-4 B C B

15.1-4 B D A C

16.1-3 A B C

17.1-3 B C D 18.1-3 C C D

19.1-3 A C B 6

第三篇：初中英語被動語態用法小結

初中英語被動語態用法小結

一、語態概述

英語的語態是通過動詞形式的變化表現出來的。英語中有兩種語態：主動語態和被動語態。

主動語態表示主語是動作的執行者。

例如：Many people speak Chinese.謂語：speak的動作是由主語many people來執行的。

被動語態表示主語是動作的承受者，即行為動作的對象。例如：Chinese is spoken by many people.英語English是動詞speak的承受者。

二、被動語態的構成被動語態由“助動詞be＋及物動詞的過去分詞”構成。人稱、數和時態的變化是通過be的變化表現出來的。現以speak為例說明被動語態在各種時態中的構成。一般現在時：am／is/are＋spoken

一般過去時：was／were＋spoken

一般將來時：will／shall be＋spoken

現在進行時：am／is／are being＋spoken

過去進行時：was/were being＋spoken

現在完成時：have／has been＋spoken

過去完成時：had been + spoken

三、被動語態的用法

（1）不知道或沒有必要說明動作的執行者是誰。

例如：Some new computers were stolen last night.一些新電腦在昨晚被盜了。（不知道電腦是誰偷的）

This bridge was founded in 1981.這座橋竣工于1981年。

（2）強調動作的承受者，而不強調動作的執行者。

例如：The glass was broken by Mike.玻璃杯是邁克打破的。

This book was written by him.這本書是他寫的。

Your homework must be finished on time.你們的家庭作業必須及時完成。

四、主動語態變被動語態的方法

（1）把主動語態的賓語變為被動語態的主語。

（2）把謂語變成被動結構（be＋過去分詞）（根據被動語態句子里的主語的人稱和數，以及原來主動語態句子中動詞的時態來決定be的形式）。

（3）把主動語態中的主語放在介詞by之后作賓語，將主格改為賓格。例如：All the people laughed at him.He was laughed at by all people.They make the bikes in the factory.The bikes are made by them in the factory.He cut down a tree.A tree was cut down by him.五、含有情態動詞的被動語態

含有情態動詞的主動句變成被動句時，由“情態動詞＋be＋過去分詞”構成，原來帶to的情態動詞變成被動語態后“to”仍要保留。

We can repair this watch in two days.This watch can be repaired in two days.They should do it at once.It should be done at once.六、特殊情況

1.He made the boy work for two hours yesterday.The boy was made to work by him for two hours yesterday.2.Mother never lets me watch TV.被動語態同步達標練習】

Ⅰ.單項選擇(選自各地中考題)

()1.The medicine______in a dry and cool place.(2000年重慶市中考題)

A.keep B.must keep C.must be kept D.must be keep

()3.Today ,the forests have almost gone.People must______down too many trees.(2001年安徽省中考題)

A.stop to out B.stop from cutting

C.be stopped to cut D.be stopped from cutting

()5.The key ______ for locking the classroom door.(2001年廣西省中考題)

A.uses B.is used C.is using D.use

()6.A new school______over there in two years.(2001年四川省中考題)

A.may build B.may be built C.is built

()8.Computers are very useful.For example ,they can______sending e-mail.(電子郵件)(2001年蘇州市中考題)

A.use for B.be used of C.be used for D.use of

()9.—What a nice garden!

—It______every day.(2000年武漢市中考題)

A.is cleaning B.has cleaned C.must clean D.is cleaned

()10.This work ______next week.(2000年廣西省中考題)

A.may finish B.finish C.finishes D.may be finished

()11.My house______in 1995.We have lived there for nearly five years.(2000年廣西省中考題)

A.was built B.has built C.is built D.were built

()12.The lost boy______early this morning.(2000年四川省中考題)

A.found B.was founded C.was found D.founded

()13.That white building______two years ago ,but it is quite old now.(2000年河北省中考題)

A.built B.was built C.is built D.builds

()14.The big tree______by my mother ten years ago.(2000年甘肅省中考題)

A.was planted B.planted C.has planted D.was planting【綜合能力訓練】 Ⅱ.用括號中動詞被動結構的適當形式填空。.English______widely______(use)in the world..These pictures must(keep)well..She______(fall)ill last night ,and she______(take)to the hospital at once.4.Now rice and wheat______(grow)in my hometown ,too.Look!The

crops__________(grow)fast in the fields..The Great Wall(know)all over the world..______the street lights usually ______(turn)on at seven in summer evening ? 7.______this kind of car______(produce)in Wuhan ?.______the doctor______(send)for last night ?.We used a teapot before the thermos______(invent)..Three children______(take)good care of by the nurse..Some new houses______(build)by the villagers themselves..What language ______(speak)in Japan ?.The black bike______(buy)in that shop three days ago..The doctor said Jim must ______(operate)on at once..The big tree______(blow)down in the storm last night.【創新備考訓練】

Ⅲ.將下列主動語態改為被動語態。.You needn’t do it now..You must finish your homework now..We can do the work today..They founded that hospital in 1996..Yesterday we played football after school..People all over the world know the Great Wall.11.He often helps his brother.

第四篇：被動語態教案（范文）

被動語態教學設計

教學目標

1).了解學習被動語態的基本結構。

2)．學習掌握各種時態的被動語態結構。教學重點：

學習掌握各種時態的被動語態結構。教學難點

各種時態的被動語態在實際訓練中的用法。情感目標

學生要學會“觀察--總結--運用”的學習方法。教學方法 多媒體教學 教學過程

Step 1.Presentation 語法呈現

以幻燈片形式展示兩種語態間的變化方法：主動語態表示主語是動作的執行者，被動語態表示主語是動作的承受者，漢語中常用“被”、“給”、“由”、“受”等詞用來表示被動，而英語用：be + 及物動詞的過去分詞構成。Step2.觀察--總結

各種時態被動語態的結構: 1.觀察：助動詞be（沒有時態性）+ 及物動詞的過去分詞（永遠不變的形式）

2.總結：把be動詞變成各種時態的形式就是各種時態的被動語態

通過幻燈片學生需要把各種時態的被動語態的結構自己總結出來，寫在練習本上，然后老師通過幻燈片把各種時態的被動語態的結構呈現出來。

3一般現在時的被動語態，is/am/are+及物的動詞過去分詞

一般過去時的被動語態，was/were+及物的動詞過去分詞。一般將來時的被動語態，will /shall be +及物的動詞過去分詞。

一般將來時的被動語態，is/am/are going to be +及物的動詞過去分詞。現在進行時的被動語態，is/am/are being+及物的動詞過去分詞 過去進行時的被動語態，was/were being+及物的動詞過去分詞 現在完成時的被動語態，has/have been+及物的動詞過去分詞。Step 3.練習

鞏固訓練。以幻燈片展示相關事態的被動語態的練習，學生自主操練，鞏固語法結構。用動詞的正確語態填空。

1.The students _____ often _____(tell)to take care of their desks and chairs.2.That play ________(put)on again sometime next month.3.The old man is ill.He ______(must send)to the hospital.5.The cake _____________(taste)delicious.6.Some flowers __________(water)by Li Ming already.7.These kinds of machines __________(make)in Japan.8.The cinema ______(build)in 1985.Step 4.Summary小結：總結本節課所學內容，強調本節課的重難點。Step5.Homework Extra exercise.

第五篇：初中英語被動語態和定語從句的用法詳解

初中英語被動語態的用法詳解

一、被動語態的結構

主動語態(The Active Voice)表示主語是動作的執行者。被動語態(The Passive Voice)表示主語是動作的承受者。構成：承受者+助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞+by+執行者

一般現在時：am/is/are+過去分詞.一般過去時：was/were+過去分詞 一般將來時：shall /will be +過去分詞 現在完成時：have /has been +過去分詞 現在進行時：am/is/are+being+過去分詞.過去將來時：should /would be +過去分詞.含情態動詞的被動結構：情態動詞+be+過去分詞.二、被動語態的用法

1)當我們不知道動作的執行者是誰，或者沒有必要指出動作的執行者時，需用被動語態。

2)當我們需要強調動作的承受者時,常用被動語態。

3)如果需要說出動作的執行者, 用by引導出動作的執行者。主動語態變為被動語態時，其謂語動詞的時態要與原句時態保持一致，其謂語動詞的數要與新主語保持一致。

三、主動語態變為被動語態的情況 1)主語+謂語動詞+賓語

將主動語態的賓語變為被動語態的主語。

(主動)We bought a book yesterday.(被動)The book was bought yesterday.2)主語+謂語動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語

將主動語態中一個賓語變為被動語態的主語。多數情況下將間接賓語變為主語。如果直接賓語變為主語時，間接賓語前要加介詞to / for。

(主動)He showed me a book yesterday.(被動)I was showed a book yesterday.(被動)The book was showed to me yesterday.3)主語+謂語動詞+復合賓語

含有一個由賓語加賓語補足語構成的復合賓語，變為被動語態時，將主動語態的賓語變為被動語態的主語，賓語補足語保留不變，成為主語補足語。

(主動)I found him a good pupil.(賓語補足語)(被動)He was found a good pupil.(主語補足語)

4)短語動詞變為被動語態

有些短語動詞相當于一個及物動詞，其后可以接賓語，因此它們也有被動語態，但短語動詞是不可分割的整體，變為被動語態時不可去掉其后面的介詞或副詞。

(主動)We should look after the patients very well.(被動)The patients should be looked after very well by us.5)賓語從句變為被動語態

若主動語態中是賓語從句，變為被動語態時常用it作形式主語，而把真正的主語放在后面。It’s said that he passed the exam.6)被動語態應注意的幾個特殊問題：

(1)不及物動詞帶介詞和介詞賓語，在變為被動語態時，仍然要帶上介詞。

(主動)The students in class listen to the teacher carefully.(被動)The teacher is listened to carefully by the students in class.(2)當動詞帶有復合賓語時，并且賓補是省去“to”的動詞不定式時，在被動語態中應加上“to”。使役動詞make have let，感官動詞see watch notice hear feel等。

(主動)They make do all the work.(被動)We were made to do all the work.(主動)We often hear her sing English songs.(被動)She is often heard to sing English songs.(主動)I see him walk to school.(被動)He is seen to walk to school.初中英語定語從句的用法詳解

一、定語從句的概念

在復合句中,修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞,定語從句一般放在先行詞的后面。

二、定語從句的關系詞

引導定語從句的關系詞有關系代詞和關系副詞,常見的關系代詞包括that, which, who(賓格whom,所有格whose)等,關系副詞包where, when, why等。關系代詞和關系副詞放在先行詞及定語從句之間起連接作用,同時又作定語從句的重要成分。

三、定語從句的分類

根據定語從句與先行詞的關系,定語從句可分為限制性定語從句及非限制性定語從句。限制性定語從句緊跟先行詞,主句與從句不用逗號分開,從句不可省去,非限制性定語從句主句與從句之間有逗號分開,起補充說明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。

四、關系代詞的用法

1.that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在從句中作主語或賓語,作主語時不可省略,作賓語可省略。例如: Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.瑪麗喜歡輕柔的音樂。(that作主語)The coat(that)I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是藍色的。(that作賓語)2.which用于指物,在句中作主語或賓語,作主語不可省略,作賓語可省略。例如: The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火車站附近的那座大樓是一家超市。(作主語)The film(which)we saw last night was wonderful.我們昨天晚上看的那部電影很好看。(作賓語)3.who, whom用于指人,who 用作主語,whom用作賓語。在口語中,有時可用who代替whom, 也可省略。例如:

The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.經常在英語方面幫助我的那個女孩是英國人。(作主語)Who is the teacher(whom)Li Ming is talking to? 正在與李明談話的老師是誰?(作賓語)注意:(1)當定語從句中含有介詞,介詞放在句末時,who, that, which可省略,但介詞在關系代詞前時,只能用“介詞+which/whom”結構。例如: This is the house in which we lived last year.這是我們去年居住的房子。

Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.請告訴我你從誰那借的這本英文小說。

(2)含有介詞的固定動詞詞組中,介詞不可前置,只能放在原來的位置上。例如: This is the person whom you are looking for.這就是你要找的那個人。

(3)that 作介詞的賓語時,介詞不能放它的前面,只能放在從句中動詞的后面。例如: The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常遠。

(4)關系詞只能用that的情況:

a.先行詞被序數詞或形容詞最高級所修飾,或本身是序數詞、基數詞、形容詞最高級時,只能用that,而不用which.例如: He was the first person that passed the exam.他是第一個通過考試的人。

b.被修飾的先行詞為all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one等不定代詞時,只能用that,而不用which.例如: Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop? 你在商店里有什么東西要買嗎? c.先行詞被the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few 等詞修飾時,只能用that,而不用which.例如: This is the same bike that I lost.這就是我丟的那輛自行車。

d.先行詞里同時含有人或物時,只能用that, 而不用which.例如: I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚記得我在那個房間所見到的人和一些照片。

e.以who或which引導的特殊疑問句,為避免重復,只能用that.例如: Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那個女孩是誰?

f.主句是there be 結構,修飾主語的定語從句用that,而不用which.例如: There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.桌子上那本書是湯姆的。

(5)關系詞只能用which,而不用that 的情況: a.先行詞為that, those時,用which, 而不用that.例如: What’s that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些東西是什么? b.關系代詞前有介詞時,一般用which,而不用that.例如: This is the room in which he lives.這是他居住的房間。c.引導非限制性定語從句,用which, 而不用that.例如: Tom came back, which made us happy.湯姆回來了,這使我們很高興。

五、關系副詞的用法

(1)when指時間,其先行詞表示時間,在句中作時間狀語。

例如: This was the time when he arrived.這是他到達的時間。(2)where指地點,其先行詞表示地點,在句中作地點狀語。例如: This is place where he works.這是他工作的地點。(3)why 指原因,其先行詞是原因,起原因狀語作用。

例如: Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.沒人知道他為什么上學總遲到。