第一篇：XX年政府工作報告中英文下載[定稿]

XX年政府工作報告中英文下載

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XX年政府工作報告

Report on the Work of the Government

—— XX年3月5日在第十二屆全國人民代表大會第五次會議上

– Delivered at the Fifth Session of the 12th National People’s Congress of the People’s Republic of China on March 5, XX

國務院總理 李克強

Li Keqiang, Premier of the State Council 點擊下載：XX年政府工作報告中英文

各位代表：

Esteemed Deputies，現在，我代表國務院，向大會報告政府工作，請予審議，并請全國政協各位委員提出意見。

On behalf of the State Council, I will now report to you on the work of the government and ask for your deliberation and approval.I also wish to have comments on my report from the members of the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference(CPPCC).一、XX年工作回顧

Let me begin with a review of our work in XX.過去一年，我國發展面臨國內外諸多矛盾疊加、風險隱患交匯的嚴峻挑戰。在以習近平同志為核心的黨中央堅強領導下，全國各族人民迎難而上，砥礪前行，推動經濟社會持續健康發展。黨的十八屆六中全會正式明確總書記的核心地位，體現了黨和人民的根本利益，對保證黨和國家興旺發達、長治久安，具有十分重大而深遠的意義。各地區、各部門不斷增強政治意識、大局意識、核心意識、看齊意識，推動全面建成小康社會取得新的重要進展，全面深化改革邁出重大步伐，全面依法治國深入實施，全面從嚴治黨縱深推進，全年經濟社會發展主要目標任務圓滿完成，“十三五”實現了良好開局。

In the past year, China’s development has faced grave challenges posed by a great many problems and interwoven risks and dangers both at home and abroad.However, under the strong leadership of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, we the Chinese people have risen to the challenge and worked hard to press ahead, driving forward sustained, healthy economic and social development.At the Sixth Plenary Session of the 18th Party Central Committee, the core position of General Secretary Xi Jinping was formally affirmed, which reflects the fundamental interests of the Party and the Chinese people, and is of crucial and farreaching significance for ensuring the flourishing and longterm stability of the Party and the country.All regions and all government departments have steadily strengthened their consciousness of the need to maintain political integrity, think in bigpicture terms, uphold the leadership core, and keep in alignment.Pushing ahead with allaround efforts, we have achieved major progress in finishing building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, made important strides in deepening reform, continued to exercise lawbased governance, and made further progress in practicing strict Party selfgovernance;and we have accomplished the year’s main tasks and targets for economic and social development, and got the 13th FiveYear Plan off to a great start.——經濟運行緩中趨穩、穩中向好。國內生產總值達到萬億元，增長%，名列世界前茅，對全球經濟增長的貢獻率超過30%。居民消費價格上漲2%。工業企業利潤由上年下降%轉為增長%，單位國內生產總值能耗下降5%，經濟發展的質量和效益明顯提高。

· The economy has registered a slower but stable performance with good momentum for growth.GDP reached trillion yuan, representing growth, and seeing China outpace most other economies.China contributed more than 30 percent of global growth.The CPI rose by 2 percent.With an increase in profits, industrial enterprises reversed the previous year’s negative growth of percent.Energy consumption per unit of GDP fell by 5 percent.Economic performance improved markedly in quality and returns.——就業增長超出預期。全年城鎮新增就業1314萬人。高校畢業生就業創業人數再創新高。年末城鎮登記失業率%，為多年來最低。13億多人口的發展中大國，就業比較充分，十分不易。

· Employment growth exceeded projections.A total of million new urban jobs were added over the course of the year.The number of college graduates finding employment or starting businesses reached another record high.The registered urban unemployment rate stood at percent at yearend XX, the lowest level in years.For China, a large developing country with a population of over billion, attaining this level of employment is no easy task.——改革開放深入推進。重要領域和關鍵環節改革取得突破性進展，供給側結構性改革初見成效。對外開放推出新舉措，“一帶一路”建設進展快速，一批重大工程和國際產能合作項目落地。

· Continued advances were made in reform and opening up.Breakthroughs were made in reforms in major sectors and key links, and initial success was achieved in supplyside structural reform.New measures were introduced for opening China up, rapid progress was made in pursuing the Belt and Road Initiative, and a number of major projects and industrialcapacity cooperation projects with other countries were launched.——經濟結構加快調整。消費在經濟增長中發揮主要拉動作用。服務業增加值占國內生產總值比重上升到%。高技術產業、裝備制造業較快增長。農業穩中調優，糧食再獲豐收。

· Economic structural adjustment was stepped up.Consumption was the main driver of economic growth.The value created by the service sector rose to percent of GDP.Hightech industries and equipment manufacturing grew rapidly.In agriculture, production was stable and structural adjustments were made, and we had continued good grain harvests.——發展新動能不斷增強。創新驅動發展戰略深入實施。科技領域取得一批國際領先的重大成果。新興產業蓬勃興起，傳統產業加快轉型升級。大眾創業、萬眾創新廣泛開展，全年新登記企業增長%，平均每天新增萬戶，加上個體工商戶等，各類市場主體每天新增萬戶。新動能正在撐起發展新天地。

· New drivers of growth gained strength.Further progress was made in pursuing the innovationdriven development strategy, and a number of worldleading achievements were made in science and technology.Emerging industries were thriving, and the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries accelerated.People were busy launching businesses or making innovations, with a yearonyear increase in the number of new businesses registeredan average of 15,000 new businesses daily.With selfemployed traders and other market entities included we had an average of 45,000 new market entities launched per day.New growth drivers are opening new prospects for China’s development.——基礎設施支撐能力持續提升。高速鐵路投產里程超過1900公里，新建改建高速公路6700多公里、農村公路29萬公里。城市軌道交通、地下綜合管廊建設加快。新開工重大水利工程21項。新增第四代移動通信用戶億、光纜線路550多萬公里。

· Infrastructure became everbetter able to sustain development.Over 1,900 kilometers of new highspeed rail lines came into service, and more than 6,700 kilometers of expressways and 290,000 kilometers of rural roads were built or upgraded.Construction picked up pace on urban rail transit facilities and underground utility tunnels.Construction began on 21 major water conservancy projects.The number of 4G mobile communications subscribers grew by 340 million and over million kilometers of optical fiber cables were added.——人民生活繼續改善。全國居民人均可支配收入實際增長%。農村貧困人口減少1240萬，易地扶貧搬遷人口超過240萬。棚戶區住房改造600多萬套，農村危房改造380多萬戶。國內旅游快速增長，出境旅游超過億人次，城鄉居民生活水平有新的提高。

· Living standards were improved.Personal per capita disposable income increased by percent in real terms.The number of people living in poverty in rural areas was reduced by million, including more than million people relocated from inhospitable areas.More than 6 million homes in rundown urban areas and over million dilapidated rural houses were renovated.In tourism, domestic trips showed rapid growth, and overseas trips exceeded 120 million.People in both urban and rural areas saw a rise in living standards.我國成功主辦二十國集團領導人杭州峰會，推動取得一系列開創性、引領性、機制性重要成果，在全球經濟治理中留下深刻的印記。

China successfully hosted the G20 XX Hangzhou Summit, and helped to deliver a number of important pioneering, leading, and institutional outcomes, thus doing its part for global economic governance.回顧過去一年，走過的路很不尋常。我們面對的是世界經濟和貿易增速7年來最低、國際金融市場波動加劇、地區和全球性挑戰突發多發的外部環境，面對的是國內結構性問題突出、風險隱患顯現、經濟下行壓力加大的多重困難，面對的是改革進入攻堅期、利益關系深刻調整、影響社會穩定因素增多的復雜局面。在這種情況下，經濟能夠穩住很不容易，出現諸多向好變化更為難得。這再次表明，人民有勇氣、有智慧、有能力戰勝任何艱難險阻，經濟有潛力、有韌性、有優勢，的發展前景一定會更好。

XX was an unusual year in our country’s development.China was confronted with an external environment in which the world saw the lowest economic and trade growth in seven years, growing volatility in global financial markets, and sudden and frequent regional and global challenges.Domestically, China faced multiple difficulties: major structural problems, prominent risks and dangers, and mounting downward pressure on the economy.China found itself in a complex environment as reform entered a critical stage, profound changes took place affecting interests, and factors impacting social stability grew.Given all these factors, it was not easy for us to maintain stable economic performance.And yet we succeeded, and even managed to make progress on many fronts.Once again, this shows that we the Chinese people have the courage, ingenuity, and ability to overcome any difficulty or hardship.It also shows that the Chinese economy possesses potential, resilience, and strengths, so we can be sure there is even better development ahead for China.一年來，我們主要做了以下工作。

I will now move on to discuss our main work last year:

一是繼續創新和加強宏觀調控，經濟運行保持在合理區間。去年宏觀調控面臨多難抉擇，我們堅持不搞“大水漫灌”式強刺激，而是依靠改革創新來穩增長、調結構、防風險，在區間調控基礎上，加強定向調控、相機調控。積極的財政政策力度加大，增加的財政赤字主要用于減稅降費。全面推開營改增試點，全年降低企業稅負5700多億元，所有行業實現稅負只減不增。制定實施中央與地方增值稅收入劃分過渡方案，確保地方既有財力不變。擴大地方政府存量債務置換規模，降低利息負擔約4000億元。穩健的貨幣政策靈活適度，廣義貨幣M2增長%，低于13%左右的預期目標。綜合運用多種貨幣政策工具，支持實體經濟發展。實施促進消費升級措施。出臺鼓勵民間投資等政策，投資出現企穩態勢。分類調控房地產市場。加強金融風險防控，人民幣匯率形成機制進一步完善，保持了在合理均衡水平上的基本穩定，維護了國家經濟金融安全。

First,we continued to develop new and more effective ways of carrying out regulationat the macro level, thus keeping the economy performing within an appropriate range.Lastyear, we faced difficult choices in conducting macrolevel regulation, but westood firm in not adopting strong stimulus policies that would have had aneconomywide impact, and strived instead to maintain steady growth, adjust the structure, and guard against risks through reform and innovation.We strengthened targeted and welltimed regulation on the basis of rangebasedregulation.Moreproactive fiscal policy was pursued, and the increase in the fiscal deficit wasused mainly to cover tax and fee cuts.The trial replacement of business taxwith value added tax(VAT)was extended to cover all sectors, slashing the taxburden of businesses for the year by over 570 billion yuan and reducing taxburdens in every sector.A transitional plan for sharing VAT revenue betweenthe central and local governments was formulated and implemented to ensurefinancial resources of local governments remained unchanged.More local government bonds were issued to replace outstanding debts, reducing interest payments by roughly 400 billion yuan.Aprudent monetary policy was pursued in a flexible and appropriate manner.TheM2 money supply increased by percent, below our projected target of around13 percent.We used a range of monetary policy tools to support the developmentof the real economy.Measures were taken to upgrade consumption.We unveiled policies to encourage privateinvestment, and saw investment begin to stabilize.We strengthened efforts to manage financial risks.The RMB exchange rate regime continued to improve, and the exchange rate remained generally stable at an adaptive and equilibrium level.We also exercised categorybased regulation over the real estate market.By doing this, we have safeguarded China’s economic and financial security.

第二篇：XX年政府工作報告中英文 新華社

XX年政府工作報告中英文 新華社

此報告以本次大會最后審議通過并由新華社公布的文本為準。

The official Chinese version of this report will be released by Xinhua News Agency.政府工作報告

Report on the Work of the Government

—— XX 年 3 月 5 日在第十二屆全國人民代表大會第五次會議上

– Delivered at the Fifth Session of the 12th National People’s Congress of the People’s Republic of China on March 5, XX

國務院總理 李克強

Li Keqiang, Premier of the State Council

各位代表：

Esteemed Deputies，現在，我代表國務院，向大會報告政府工作，請予審議，并請全國政協各位委員提出 意見。

On behalf of the State Council, I will now report to you on the work of the government and ask for your deliberation and approval.I also wish to have comments on my report from the members of the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference(CPPCC).一、XX 年工作回顧

Let me begin with a review of our work in XX.過去一年，我國發展面臨國內外諸多矛盾疊加、風險隱患交匯的嚴峻挑戰。在以習近平

平同志為核心的黨中央堅強領導下，全國各族人民迎難而上，砥礪前行，推動經濟社 會持續健康發展。黨的十八屆六中全會正式明確總書記的核心地位，體現了黨 和人民的根本利益，對保證黨和國家興旺發達、長治久安，具有十分重大而深遠的意 義。各地區、各部門不斷增強政治意識、大局意識、核心意識、看齊意識，推動全面 建成小康社會取得新的重要進展，全面深化改革邁出重大步伐，全面依法治國深入實 施，全面從嚴治黨縱深推進，全年經濟社會發展主要目標任務圓滿完成，“十三五” 實現了良好開局。

In the past year, China’s development has faced grave challenges posed by a great many problems and interwoven risks and dangers both at home and abroad.However, under the strong leadership of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, we the Chinese people have risen to the challenge and worked hard to press ahead, driving forward sustained, healthy economic and social development.At the Sixth Plenary Session of the 18th Party Central Committee, the core position of General Secretary Xi Jinping was formally affirmed, which reflects the fundamental interests of the Party and the Chinese people, and is of crucial and farreaching significance for ensuring the flourishing and longterm stability of the Party and the country.All regions and all government departments have steadily strengthened their consciousness of the need to maintain political integrity, think in bigpicture terms, uphold the leadership core, and keep in alignment.Pushing ahead with all around efforts, we have achieved major progress in finishing building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, made important strides in deepening reform, continued to exercise lawbased governance, and made further progress in practicing strict Party selfgovernance;and we have accomplished the year’s main tasks and targets for economic and social development, and got the 13th FiveYear Plan off to a great start.——經濟運行緩中趨穩、穩中向好。國內生產總值達到 萬億元，增長 %，名 列世界前茅，對全球經濟增長的貢獻率超過 30%。居民消費價格上漲 2%。工業企業 利潤由上年下降 %轉為增長 %，單位國內生產總值能耗下降 5%，經濟發展的 質量和效益明顯提高。

1.The economy has registered a slower but stable performance with good momentum for growth.GDP reached trillion yuan, representing growth, and seeing China outpace most other economies.China contributed more than 30 percent of global growth.The CPI rose by 2 percent.With an increase in profits, industrial enterprises reversed the previous year’s negative growth of percent.Energy consumption per unit of GDP fell by 5 percent.Economic performance improved markedly in quality and returns.——就業增長超出預期。全年城鎮新增就業 1314 萬人。高校畢業生就業創業人數再 創新高。年末城鎮登記失業率 %，為多年來最低。13 億多人口的發展中大國，就 業比較充分，十分不易。

2.Employment growth exceeded projections.A total of million new urban jobs were added over the course of the year.The number of college graduates finding employment or starting businesses reached another record high.The registered urban unemployment rate stood at percent at yearend XX, the lowest level in years.For China, a large developing country with a population of over billion, attaining this level of employment is no easy task.——改革開放深入推進。重要領域和關鍵環節改革取得突破性進展，供給側結構性改 革初見成效。對外開放推出新舉措，“一帶一路”建設進展快速，一批重大工程和國 際產能合作項目落地。

3.Continued advances were made in reform and opening up.Breakthroughs were made in reforms in major sectors and key links, and initial success was achieved in supplyside structural reform.New measures were introduced for opening China up, rapid progress was made in pursuing the Belt and Road Initiative, and a number of major projects and industrialcapacity cooperation projects with other countries were launched.——經濟結構加快調整。消費在經濟增長中發揮主要拉動作用。服務業增加值占國內

生產總值比重上升到 %。高技術產業、裝備制造業較快增長。農業穩中調優，糧 食再獲豐收。

4.Economic structural adjustment was stepped up.Consumption was the main driver of economic growth.The value created by the service sector rose to percent of GDP.Hightech industries and equipment manufacturing grew rapidly.In agriculture, production was stable and structural adjustments were made, and we had continued good grain harvests.——發展新動能不斷增強。創新驅動發展戰略深入實施。科技領域取得一批國際領先 的重大成果。新興產業蓬勃興起，傳統產業加快轉型升級。大眾創業、萬眾創新廣泛 開展，全年新登記企業增長 %，平均每天新增 萬戶，加上個體工商戶等，各 類市場主體每天新增 萬戶。新動能正在撐起發展新天地。

5.New drivers of growth gained strength.Further progress was made in pursuing the innovationdriven development strategy, and a number of worldleading achievements were made in science and technology.Emerging industries were thriving, and the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries accelerated.People were busy launching businesses or making innovations, with a yearonyear increase in the number of new businesses registeredan average of 15,000 new businesses daily.With self employed traders and other market entities included we had an average of 45,000 new market entities launched per day.New growth drivers are opening new prospects for China’s development.——基礎設施支撐能力持續提升。高速鐵路投產里程超過 1900 公里，新建改建高速

公路 6700 多公里、農村公路 29 萬公里。城市軌道交通、地下綜合管廊建設加快。新

開工重大水利工程 21 項。新增第四代移動通信用戶 億、光纜線路 550 多萬公里。

6.Infrastructure became everbetter able to sustain development.Over 1,900 kilometers of new highspeed rail lines came into service, and more than 6,700 kilometers of expressways and 290,000 kilometers of rural roads were built or upgraded.Construction picked up pace on urban rail transit facilities and underground utility tunnels.Construction began on 21 major water conservancy projects.The number of 4G mobile communications subscribers grew by 340 million and over million kilometers of optical fiber cables were added.——人民生活繼續改善。全國居民人均可支配收入實際增長 %。農村貧困人口減 少 1240 萬，易地扶貧搬遷人口超過 240 萬。棚戶區住房改造 600 多萬套，農村危房

改造 380 多萬戶。國內旅游快速增長，出境旅游超過 億人次，城鄉居民生活水平有新的提高。

7.Living standards were improved.Personal per capita disposable income increased by percent in real terms.The number of people living in poverty in rural areas was reduced by million, including more than million people relocated from inhospitable areas.More than 6 million homes in rundown urban areas and over million dilapidated rural houses were renovated.In tourism, domestic trips showed rapid growth, and overseas trips exceeded 120 million.People in both urban and rural areas saw a rise in living standards.我國成功主辦二十國集團領導人杭州峰會，推動取得一系列開創性、引領性、機制性 重要成果，在全球經濟治理中留下深刻的印記。

China successfully hosted the G20 XX Hangzhou Summit, and helped to deliver a number of important pioneering, leading, and institutional outcomes, thus doing its part for global economic governance.回顧過去一年，走過的路很不尋常。我們面對的是世界經濟和貿易增速 7 年來最低、國際金融市場波動加劇、地區和全球性挑戰突發多發的外部環境，面對的是國內結構 性問題突出、風險隱患顯現、經濟下行壓力加大的多重困難，面對的是改革進入攻堅 期、利益關系深刻調整、影響社會穩定因素增多的復雜局面。在這種情況下，經濟能 夠穩住很不容易，出現諸多向好變化更為難得。這再次表明，人民有勇氣、有智

慧、有能力戰勝任何艱難險阻，經濟有潛力、有韌性、有優勢，的發展前景一定會更好。

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第三篇：2012 政府工作報告 中英文

第四篇：17大政府工作報告(中英文)

十七大報告全文英漢對照

[ 2007-10-31 09:50 ] 中國共產黨第十七次全國代表大會于2007年10月15日上午在人民大會堂開幕。胡錦濤總書記在會上提出，高舉中國特色社會主義偉大旗幟，為奪取全面建設小康社會新勝利而奮斗。

以下為胡錦濤總書記報告全文的中英文對照，均為新華社發表的官方版本，供讀者學習參考。

一、過去五年的工作

二、改革開放的偉大歷史進程

三、深入貫徹落實科學發展觀

四、實現全面建設小康社會奮斗目標的新要求

五、促進國民經濟又好又快發展

六、堅定不移發展社會主義民主政治

七、推動社會主義文化大發展大繁榮

八、加快推進以改善民生為重點的社會建設

九、開創國防和軍隊現代化建設新局面

十、推進“一國兩制”實踐和祖國和平統一大業

十一、始終不渝走和平發展道路

十二、以改革創新精神全面推進黨的建設新的偉大工程

十七大報告全文英漢對照

Hold High the Great Banner of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics and Strive for New Victories in Building a Moderately Prosperous Society in all Respects

Report to the Seventeenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China on Oct.15, 2007 Hu Jintao

Comrades, Now I would like to make a report to the Seventeenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China(CPC)on behalf of the Sixteenth Central Committee.The Seventeenth Congress is one of vital importance being held at a crucial stage of China's reform and development.The theme of the congress is to hold high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics, follow the guidance of Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of Three Represents, thoroughly apply the Scientific Outlook on Development, continue to emancipate the mind, persist in reform and opening up, pursue development in a scientific way, promote social harmony, and strive for new victories in building a moderately prosperous

高舉中國特色社會主義偉大旗幟 為奪取全面建設小康社會新勝利而奮斗 ━━胡錦濤主席在中國共產黨第十七次全國代表大會上的報告（2007年10月15日）同志們:

現在，我代表第十六屆中央委員會向大會作報告。

中國共產黨第十七次全國代表大會，是在我國改革發展關鍵階段召開的一次十分重要的大會。大會的主題是：高舉中國特色社會主義偉大旗幟，以鄧小平理論和“三個代表”重要思想為指導，深入貫徹落實科學發展觀，繼續解放思想，堅持改革開放，推動科學發展，促進社會和諧，為奪取全面建設小康社會新勝利而奮斗。

中國特色社會主義偉大旗幟，是當代中國發展進步的旗幟，是全黨全國各族人民團結奮斗的旗幟。解放思想是發展中國特色社會主義的一大法寶，改革開放是發展中國特色社會主義的強大動力，科學發展、社會和諧是發展中國特色社會主義的基本要求，全面建設小康社會

十七大報告全文英漢對照 society in all respects.The great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics is the banner guiding development and progress in contemporary China and rallying the whole Party and the people of all ethnic groups in the country in our common endeavor.Emancipating the mind is a magic instrument for developing socialism with Chinese characteristics, reform and opening up provide a strong driving force for developing it, and scientific development and social harmony are basic requirements for developing it.Building a moderately prosperous society in all respects is a goal for the Party and the state to reach by 2020, and represents the fundamental interests of the people of all ethnic groups.The world today is undergoing extensive and profound changes, and contemporary China is going through a wide-ranging and deep-going transformation.This brings us unprecedented opportunities as well as unprecedented challenges, with the formeroutweighing the latter.The whole Party must unswervingly hold high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics and lead the people in starting from this new historical point, grasping and making the most of the important period of strategic opportunities, staying realistic and pragmatic,forging ahead with determination, continuing to build a moderately prosperous society in all respects and accelerate socialist modernization, and accomplishing the lofty mission bestowed by the times.I.The Work of the Past Five Years The five years since the Sixteenth Congress was an extraordinary period.In order to accomplish the arduous tasks of reform and development in a complicated and volatile international situation, the Party led the people of all ethnic groups in holding high the great banner of Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of Three Represents, overcoming difficulties and risks, creating a new situation in the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics and attaining a new realm in adapting Marxism to conditions in China.是黨和國家到二０二０年的奮斗目標，是全國各族人民的根本利益所在。當今世界正在發生廣泛而深刻的變化，當代中國正在發生廣泛而深刻的變革。機遇前所未有，挑戰也前所未有，機遇大于挑戰。全黨必須堅定不移地高舉中國特色社會主義偉大旗幟，帶領人民從新的歷史起點出發，抓住和用好重要戰略機遇期，求真務實，銳意進取，繼續全面建設小康社會、加快推進社會主義現代化，完成時代賦予的崇高使命。

一、過去五年的工作

十六大以來的五年是不平凡的五年。面對復雜多變的國際環境和艱巨繁重的改革發展任務，黨帶領全國各族人民，高舉鄧小平理論和“三個代表”重要思想偉大旗幟，戰勝各種困難和風險，開創了中國特色社會主義事業新局面，開拓了馬克思主義中國化新境界。

十六大確立“三個代表”重要思想的指導地位，作出全面建設小康社會的戰略決策。為貫徹十六大精神，中央召開七次全會，分別就深化機構改革、完善社會主義市場經濟體制、加強黨的執政能力建設、制定“十一五”規劃、構建社會主義和諧社會等關系全局的重大問題作出決定和部署，提出并貫徹科學發展觀等重大戰略思想，推動黨和國家工作取得新的重大成就。

經濟實力大幅提升。經濟保持平穩快速發展，國內生產總值年均增長百分之十以上，經濟效益明顯提高，財政收入連年顯著增加，物價基本穩定。社會主義新農村建設扎實推進，區域發展協調性增強。創新型國家建設進展良好，自主創新能力較大提高。能源、交通、通信等基礎設施和重點工程建設成效顯著。載人航天飛行成功實現。能源資源節約和生態環境保護取得新進展。“十五”計劃勝利完成，“十一五”規劃進展順利。

改革開放取得重大突破。農村綜合改革逐步深化，農業稅、牧業稅、特產稅全部取消，支農惠農政策不斷加強。國有

十七大報告全文英漢對照 At its Sixteenth Congress the Party established the important thought of Three Represents as its guide and made the strategic decision to build a moderately prosperous society in all respects.In order to implement the guiding principles of the congress, the Central Committee convened seven plenary sessions, at which it made decisions on and arrangements for major issues of overall significance such as deepening institutional restructuring, improving the socialist market economy, strengthening the governance capability of the Party, drawing up the Eleventh Five-Year Plan(2006-10), and building a harmonious socialist society;and it formulated and applied the Scientific Outlook on Development and other major strategic thoughts.All this helped the Party and the state score great new achievements.Economic strength increased substantially.The economy sustained steady and rapid growth.The GDP expanded by an annual average of over 10%.Economic performance improved significantly, national revenue rose markedly year by year, and prices were basically stable.Efforts to build a new socialist countryside yielded solid results, and development among regions became more balanced.The endeavor to make China an innovative nation registered good progress, with considerable improvement in the country's capacity for independent innovation.Notable achievements were scored in the construction of infrastructure including energy, transport and telecommunications facilities and other key projects.Manned spaceflights were successfully conducted.Fresh progress was registered in energy, resources, ecological and environmental conservation.The Tenth Five-Year Plan(2001-05)was fulfilled successfully and implementation of the eleventh is in smooth progress.Major breakthroughs were made in reform and opening up.Comprehensive reforms in rural areas gradually deepened;agricultural tax, livestock tax and taxes on special agricultural products were rescinded throughout the country;and policies were constantly strengthened to support and benefit agriculture, rural areas and farmers.Significant headway was made in reform of the state assets management system, state-owned enterprises, banking, public finance，資產管理體制、國有企業和金融、財稅、投資、價格、科技等領域改革取得重大進展。非公有制經濟進一步發展。市場體系不斷健全，宏觀調控繼續改善，政府職能加快轉變。進出口總額大幅增加，實施“走出去”戰略邁出堅實步伐，開放型經濟進入新階段。

人民生活顯著改善。城鄉居民收入較大增加，家庭財產普遍增多。城鄉居民最低生活保障制度初步建立，貧困人口基本生活得到保障。居民消費結構優化，衣食住行用水平不斷提高，享有的公共服務明顯增強。

民主法制建設取得新進步。政治體制改革穩步推進。人民代表大會制度、中國共產黨領導的多黨合作和政治協商制度、民族區域自治制度不斷完善，基層民主活力增強。人權事業健康發展。愛國統一戰線發展壯大。中國特色社會主義法律體系基本形成，依法治國基本方略切實貫徹。行政管理體制、司法體制改革不斷深化。

文化建設開創新局面。社會主義核心價值體系建設扎實推進，馬克思主義理論研究和建設工程成效明顯。思想道德建設廣泛開展，全社會文明程度進一步提高。文化體制改革取得重要進展，文化事業和文化產業快速發展，人民精神文化生活更加豐富。全民健身和競技體育取得新成績。

社會建設全面展開。各級各類教育迅速發展，農村免費義務教育全面實現。就業規模日益擴大。社會保障體系建設進一步加強。抗擊非典取得重大勝利，公共衛生體系和基本醫療服務不斷健全，人民健康水平不斷提高。社會管理逐步完善，社會大局穩定，人民安居樂業。國防和軍隊建設取得歷史性成就。中國特色軍事變革加速推進，裁減軍隊員額二十萬任務順利完成，軍隊革命化、現代化、正規化建設全面加強，履行新世紀新階段歷史使命能力顯著提高。

十七大報告全文英漢對照 taxation, investment, pricing, and the system for managing science and technology.The non-public sector of the economy grew stronger.A sound market system was being put in place, macroeconomic regulation continued to improve, and transformation of government functions was accelerated.The total volume of imports and exports increased sharply.Solid steps were taken in implementing the “go global” strategy, and the open economy entered a new stage of development.Living standards improved significantly.Both urban and rural incomes increased considerably, and most families had more property than before.The system of subsistence allowances for urban and rural residents was basically in place, guaranteeing basic living conditions for the poor.Residents improved their consumption patterns, had increasingly better food, clothing, housing, transport and other daily necessities, and enjoyed markedly improved public services.Fresh progress was registered in improving democracy and the legal system.Political restructuring progressed steadily.Constant improvement was made in the system of people's congresses, the system of multiparty cooperation and political consultation under the leadership of the CPC and the system of regional ethnic autonomy.Primary-level democracy increased its vitality.The cause of human rights witnessed sound development.The patriotic united front grew stronger.A socialist law system with Chinese characteristics was basically in place.The rule of law was effectively implemented as a fundamental principle.Reform of the government administration system and the judicial system continued to deepen.A new situation was created in cultural development.Efforts to establish the system of socialist core values made steady headway and marked achievements were scored in the Project to Study and Develop Marxist Theory.Extensive efforts were made to raise ideological and ethical standards and the whole of society became more culturally advanced.Cultural restructuring made important progress, cultural programs and the cultural industry developed rapidly，港澳工作和對臺工作進一步加強。香港、澳門保持繁榮穩定，與內地經貿關系更加緊密。兩岸政黨交流成功開啟，人員往來和經濟文化交流達到新水平。制定反分裂國家法，堅決維護國家主權和領土完整。

全方位外交取得重大進展。堅持獨立自主的和平外交政策，各項外交工作積極開展，同各國的交流合作廣泛加強，在國際事務中發揮重要建設性作用，為全面建設小康社會爭取了良好國際環境。黨的建設新的偉大工程扎實推進。黨的執政能力建設和先進性建設深入進行。理論創新和理論武裝卓有成效。保持共產黨員先進性教育活動取得重大成果。黨內民主不斷擴大。領導班子和干部隊伍建設特別是干部教育培訓取得重要進展，人才工作進一步加強，干部人事制度改革和組織制度創新不斷深入。黨風廉政建設和反腐敗斗爭成效明顯。

在看到成績的同時，也要清醒認識到，我們的工作與人民的期待還有不小差距，前進中還面臨不少困難和問題，突出的是：經濟增長的資源環境代價過大；城鄉、區域、經濟社會發展仍然不平衡；農業穩定發展和農民持續增收難度加大；勞動就業、社會保障、收入分配、教育衛生、居民住房、安全生產、司法和社會治安等方面關系群眾切身利益的問題仍然較多，部分低收入群眾生活比較困難；思想道德建設有待加強；黨的執政能力同新形勢新任務不完全適應，對改革發展穩定一些重大實際問題的調查研究不夠深入；一些基層黨組織軟弱渙散；少數黨員干部作風不正，形式主義、官僚主義問題比較突出，奢侈浪費、消極腐敗現象仍然比較嚴重。我們要高度重視這些問題，繼續認真加以解決。

總起來說，這五年，是改革開放和全面建設小康社會取得重大進展的五年，是

十七大報告全文英漢對照 and the people enjoyed a richer cultural life.Fresh progress was made inpublic fitness programs and competitive sports.Social development proceeded in an all-round way.Education of various kinds and at different levels developed rapidly.Free compulsory education was made available in all rural areas.More job opportunities were created.The social security system was strengthened.The battle against SARS came to a great victory.The public health system and basic medical care constantly improved, contributing to better health of the people.Social management improved step by step.Social stability was ensured and the people lived and worked in peace and contentment.Historic achievements were scored in the development of national defense and the armed forces.The revolution in military affairs with Chinese characteristics was accelerated.The armed forces were reduced by 200,000 troops.Efforts were intensified in all respects to make the armed forces more revolutionary, modernized and standardized, which notably increased their capacity to accomplish their historical missions at this new stage in the new century.Work related to Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan affairs was intensified.Hong Kong and Macao maintained their prosperity and stability and developed closer economic partnership with the mainland.Political parties on both sides of the Taiwan Straits started communication, and cross-Straits visits as well as economic and cultural exchanges reached a new high.The Anti-Secession Law was enacted to resolutely safeguard China's sovereignty and territorial integrity.Major progress was made in all-directional diplomacy.Pursuing an independent foreign policy of peace, China energetically carried out diplomatic activities, enhanced exchanges and cooperation with other countries in various fields and played a major constructive role in international affairs.This created a favorable international environment for building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.The great new undertaking to build the Party made solid progress.Endeavors to strengthen the Party's

我國綜合國力大幅提升和人民得到更多實惠的五年，是我國國際地位和影響顯著提高的五年，是黨的創造力、凝聚力、戰斗力明顯增強和全黨全國各族人民團結更加緊密的五年。實踐充分證明，十六大和十六大以來中央作出的各項重大決策是完全正確的。

五年來的成就，是全黨全國各族人民共同奮斗的結果。我代表中共中央，向全國各族人民，向各民主黨派、各人民團體和各界愛國人士，向香港特別行政區同胞、澳門特別行政區同胞和臺灣同胞以及廣大僑胞，向一切關心和支持中國現代化建設的各國朋友，表示衷心的

十七大報告全文英漢對照 governance capability and vanguard nature were intensified.Efforts to make theoretical innovations and arm Party members with the achievements proved successful.The campaign to educate Party members to preserve their vanguard nature yielded substantial results.Intra-Party democracy continued to expand.Major headway was made in strengthening the Party's leading bodies and the ranks of its cadres, and especially in educating and training cadres.Work in relation to talented personnel was strengthened.Efforts were stepped up to reform the cadre and personnel system and make innovations in the organizational system.Remarkable results were achieved in improving the Party's style of work, upholding integrity and combating corruption.While recognizing our achievements, we must be well aware that they still fall short of the expectations of the people and that there are still quite a few difficulties and problems on our way forward.The outstanding ones include the following: Our economic growth is realized at an excessively high cost of resources and the environment.There remains an imbalance in development between urban and rural areas, among regions, and between the economy and society.It has become more difficult to bring about a steady growth of agriculture and continued increase in farmers' incomes.There are still many problems affecting people's immediate interests in areas such as employment, social security, income distribution, education, public health, housing, work safety, administration of justice and public order;and some low-income people lead a rather difficult life.More efforts are needed to promote ideological and ethical progress.The governance capability of the Party falls somewhat short of the need to deal with the new situation and tasks.In-depth investigations and studies have yet to be conducted on some major practical issues related to reform, development and stability.Some primary Party organizations are weak and lax.A small number of Party cadres are not honest and upright, their formalism and bureaucratism are quite conspicuous, and extravagance, waste, corruption and other undesirable behavior are still serious problems with them.We must pay close

十七大報告全文英漢對照 attention to these problems and continue our efforts to solve them.To sum up, the past five years was a period in which substantial progress was made in reform, opening up and building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.During this period, China's overall strength grew considerably and the people enjoyed more tangible benefits.China's international standing and influence rose notably.The creativity, cohesion and combat effectiveness of the Party increased significantly, and the whole Party and the people of all ethnic groups became more united.Facts have proved that the major policy decisions made by the Central Committee at and since the Sixteenth Congress are perfectly correct.Our achievements over the past five years are attributed to the concerted efforts of the whole Party and the people of all ethnic groups.On behalf of the Central Committee, I wish to express our heartfelt thanks to the people of all ethnic groups, the democratic parties, people's organizations and patriots from all walks of life, to our compatriots in the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macao and in Taiwan as well as overseas Chinese nationals, and to our foreign friends who care about and support China's modernization drive！

II.The Great Historical Course of Reform and Opening Up We will soon be celebrating the 30th anniversary of the start of reform and opening up.In 1978, the Party held the historic Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, which ushered in the new historical period of reform and opening up.Since then, the Chinese Communists and the Chinese people have, in an indomitable enterprising spirit and with their spectacular practice of innovation, composed a new epic recounting the Chinese nation's ceaseless efforts to make progress and become stronger, and historic changes have taken place in the visages of the Chinese people, socialist China and the CPC.Reform and opening up represent a great new revolution carried on by the people under the Party's leadership in a new era to release and develop the

二、改革開放的偉大歷史進程

我們即將迎來改革開放三十周年。一九七八年，我們黨召開具有重大歷史意義的十一屆三中全會，開啟了改革開放歷史新時期。從那時以來，中國共產黨人和中國人民以一往無前的進取精神和波瀾壯闊的創新實踐，譜寫了中華民族自強不息、頑強奮進新的壯麗史詩，中國人民的面貌、社會主義中國的面貌、中國共產黨的面貌發生了歷史性變化。

改革開放是黨在新的時代條件下帶領人民進行的新的偉大革命，目的就是要解放和發展社會生產力，實現國家現代

十七大報告全文英漢對照 productive forces, modernize the country, bring prosperity to the Chinese people and achieve the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation;to promote the self-improvement and development of China's socialist system, inject new vitality into socialism, and build and develop socialism with Chinese characteristics;and to improve the building of the Party as it leads contemporary China in development and progress, preserve and enhance its vanguard nature, and ensure that it is always in the forefront of the times.We must never forget that the great cause of reform and opening up was conducted on a foundation laid by the Party's first generation of central collective leadership with Comrade Mao Zedong at its core, which founded Mao Zedong Thought, led the whole Party and the people of all ethnic groups in establishing the People's Republic and scoring great achievements in our socialist revolution and construction, and gained invaluable experience in its painstaking exploration for laws governing socialist construction.The victory in the new-democratic revolution and the establishment of the basic system of socialism provided the fundamental political prerequisite and institutional basis for every inch of development and progress in contemporary China.We must never forget that the great cause of reform and opening up was initiated by the Party's second generation of central collective leadership with Comrade Deng Xiaoping at its core leading the whole Party and the people of all ethnic groups in the endeavor.In a precarious situation left by the “cultural revolution”(1966-76), the second generation of central collective leadership, persisting in emancipating the mind and seeking truth from facts and displaying immense political and theoretical courage, made a scientific appraisal of Comrade Mao Zedong and Mao Zedong Thought, thoroughly repudiated the erroneous theory and practice of “taking class struggle as the key link,” and made the historic policy decision to shift the focus of the work of the Party and the state onto economic development and introduce reform and opening up.It established the basic line for the primary stage of socialism, sounded the clarion call of the times for taking our own

化，讓中國人民富裕起來，振興偉大的中華民族；就是要推動我國社會主義制度自我完善和發展，賦予社會主義新的生機活力，建設和發展中國特色社會主義；就是要在引領當代中國發展進步中加強和改進黨的建設，保持和發展黨的先進性，確保黨始終走在時代前列。

我們要永遠銘記，改革開放偉大事業，是在以毛澤東同志為核心的黨的第一代中央領導集體創立毛澤東思想，帶領全黨全國各族人民建立新中國、取得社會主義革命和建設偉大成就以及艱辛探索社會主義建設規律取得寶貴經驗的基礎上進行的。新民主主義革命的勝利，社會主義基本制度的建立，為當代中國一切發展進步奠定了根本政治前提和制度基礎。

我們要永遠銘記，改革開放偉大事業，是以鄧小平同志為核心的黨的第二代中央領導集體帶領全黨全國各族人民開創的。面對十年“文化大革命”造成的危難局面，黨的第二代中央領導集體堅持解放思想、實事求是，以巨大的政治勇氣和理論勇氣，科學評價毛澤東同志和毛澤東思想，徹底否定“以階級斗爭為綱”的錯誤理論和實踐，作出把黨和國家工作中心轉移到經濟建設上來、實行改革開放的歷史性決策，確立社會主義初級階段基本路線，吹響走自己的路、建設中國特色社會主義的時代號角，創立鄧小平理論，指引全黨全國各族人民在改革開放的偉大征程上闊步前進。

我們要永遠銘記，改革開放偉大事業，是以江澤民同志為核心的黨的第三代中央領導集體帶領全黨全國各族人民繼承、發展并成功推向二十一世紀的。從十三屆四中全會到十六大，受命于重大歷史關頭的黨的第三代中央領導集

十七大報告全文英漢對照 road and building socialism with Chinese characteristics, founded Deng Xiaoping Theory, and led the whole Party and the people of all ethnic groups in striding forward on the great journey of reform and opening up.We must never forget that the great cause of reform and opening up was carried on, developed and successfully carried into the 21st century by the Party's third generation of central collective leadership with Comrade Jiang Zemin at its core leading the whole Party and the people of all ethnic groups on this mission.From the Fourth Plenary Session of the Thirteenth Central Committee through the Sixteenth Congress, the third generation of central collective leadership, which took over the helm at a critical historical juncture, held high the great banner of Deng Xiaoping Theory, pressed ahead with reform and opening up and kept up with the times.Relying on the Party and the people, it stood the severe tests of political turbulences and economic risks at home and abroad, safeguarded socialism with Chinese characteristics, initiated the new, socialist market economy and ushered in a new phase of all-round opening up;and it advanced the great new undertaking to build the Party, founded the important thought of Three Represents, and steered the ship of reform and opening up forward on the right course.Since the Sixteenth Congress, we have followed the guidance of Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of Three Represents, kept up with new developments and changes in and outside China, grasped the strategic opportunities in this important period, promoted the truth-seeking, pragmatic and pioneering spirit and persisted in innovation in both theory and practice.We have worked hard to promote scientific development and social harmony, improved the socialist market economy, and resolutely carried forward the great cause of reform and opening up in building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.Reform and opening up constitute the most salient feature of the new period.From the countryside to the cities and from the economic to other areas, the process of sweeping reform has unfolded with

體，高舉鄧小平理論偉大旗幟，堅持改革開放、與時俱進，在國內外政治**、經濟風險等嚴峻考驗面前，依靠黨和人民，捍衛中國特色社會主義，創建社會主義市場經濟新體制，開創全面開放新局面，推進黨的建設新的偉大工程，創立“三個代表”重要思想，繼續引領改革開放的航船沿著正確方向破浪前進。

十六大以來，我們以鄧小平理論和“三個代表”重要思想為指導，順應國內外形勢發展變化，抓住重要戰略機遇期，發揚求真務實、開拓進取精神，堅持理論創新和實踐創新，著力推動科學發展、促進社會和諧，完善社會主義市場經濟體制，在全面建設小康社會實踐中堅定不移地把改革開放偉大事業繼續推向前進。

新時期最鮮明的特點是改革開放。從農村到城市、從經濟領域到其他各個領域，全面改革的進程勢不可當地展開了；從沿海到沿江沿邊，從東部到中西部，對外開放的大門毅然決然地打開了。這場歷史上從未有過的大改革大開放，極大地調動了億萬人民的積極性，使我國成功實現了從高度集中的計劃經濟體制到充滿活力的社會主義市場經濟體制、從封閉半封閉到全方位開放的偉大歷史轉折。今天，一個面向現代化、面向世界、面向未來的社會主義中國巍然屹立在世界東方。

新時期最顯著的成就是快速發展。我們黨實施現代化建設“三步走”戰略，帶領人民艱苦奮斗，推動我國以世界上少有的速度持續快速發展起來。我國經濟從一度瀕于崩潰的邊緣發展到總量躍至世界第四、進出口總額位居世界第三，人民生活從溫飽不足發展到總體小康，農村貧困人口從兩億五千多萬減少到

十七大報告全文英漢對照 irresistible momentum.From the coastal areas to areas along the Yangtze River and the borders, and from the eastern to the central and western regions, the door has been resolutely opened to the outside world.This great undertaking of reform and opening up, never seen before in history, has greatly stimulated the enthusiasm of hundreds of millions of Chinese people and brought about China's historic transformation from a highly centralized planned economy to a robust socialist market economy, and from a closed or semi-closed state to all-round opening up.Today socialist China is standing rock-firm in the East, oriented toward modernization, the world and the future.Rapid development represents the most remarkable achievement in the new period.The Party has been implementing the three-step strategy for modernization, leading the people in working hard to promote China's sustained rapid development at a rate rarely seen in the world.China's economy, once on the verge of collapse, has grown to rank as the fourth largest in the world, and its import and export volume, the third biggest.The Chinese people, once inadequately fed and clad, are leading a fairly comfortable life on the whole.The impoverished population in rural areas has dropped from more than 250 million to just over 20 million.The country's achievements in political, cultural and social development have captured world attention.China's development has not only enabled its people to move steadily toward prosperity and happiness, but also contributed substantially to the growth of the world economy and the progress of human civilization.Keeping up with the times is the most prominent hallmark of the new period.Adhering to the Marxist ideological line, the Party has been constantly seeking answers to major theoretical and practical questions such as what socialism is and how to build it, what kind of party we must build and how to build it, and what kind of development China should achieve and how to achieve it.The Party has been constantly adapting Marxism to conditions in China, and adhering to and enriching its own basic theory, line, program and experience.Socialism and Marxism have shown great

兩千多萬，政治建設、文化建設、社會建設取得舉世矚目的成就。中國的發展，不僅使中國人民穩定地走上了富裕安康的廣闊道路，而且為世界經濟發展和人類文明進步作出了重大貢獻。

新時期最突出的標志是與時俱進。我們黨堅持馬克思主義的思想路線，不斷探索和回答什么是社會主義、怎樣建設社會主義，建設什么樣的黨、怎樣建設黨，實現什么樣的發展、怎樣發展等重大理論和實際問題，不斷推進馬克思主義中國化，堅持并豐富黨的基本理論、基本路線、基本綱領、基本經驗。社會主義和馬克思主義在中國大地上煥發出勃勃生機，給人民帶來更多福祉，使中華民族大踏步趕上時代前進潮流、迎來偉大復興的光明前景。

事實雄辯地證明，改革開放是決定當代中國命運的關鍵抉擇，是發展中國特色社會主義、實現中華民族偉大復興的必由之路；只有社會主義才能救中國，只有改革開放才能發展中國、發展社會主義、發展馬克思主義。

改革開放作為一場新的偉大革命，不可能一帆風順，也不可能一蹴而就。最根本的是，改革開放符合黨心民心、順應時代潮流，方向和道路是完全正確的，成效和功績不容否定，停頓和倒退沒有出路。

在改革開放的歷史進程中，我們黨把堅持馬克思主義基本原理同推進馬克思主義中國化結合起來，把堅持四項基本原則同堅持改革開放結合起來，把尊重人民首創精神同加強和改善黨的領導結合起來，把堅持社會主義基本制度同發展市場經濟結合起來，把推動經濟基礎變革同推動上層建筑改革結合起來，把發展社會生產力同提高全民族文明素質結合起來，把提高效率同促進社會公平結合起來，把堅持獨立自主同參與經濟全球化結合起來，把促進改革發展

十七大報告全文英漢對照 vitality on Chinese soil, brought more benefits to the people, and enabled the Chinese nation to catch up with the trend of the times in great strides and see the bright future of national rejuvenation.Facts have incontrovertibly proved that the decision to begin reform and opening up is vital to the destiny of contemporary China, that reform and opening up are the only way of developing socialism with Chinese characteristics and rejuvenating the Chinese nation, that only socialism can save China and that only reform and opening up can develop China, socialism and Marxism.As a great new revolution, reform and opening up are not to be plain sailing or be accomplished overnight.Essentially they accord with the aspirations of the Party membership and the people and keep up with the trend of the times.The orientation and path of reform and opening up are entirely correct, and their merits and achievements can never be negated.To stop or reverse reform and opening up would only lead to a blind alley.In the historical course of reform and opening up, the Party has combined adhering to the basic tenets of Marxism with adapting it to Chinese conditions, upholding the Four Cardinal Principles with adhering to the reform and opening up policy, respecting the people's pioneering initiative with strengthening the Party's leadership, adhering to the basic system of socialism with developing the market economy, effecting changes in the economic base with promoting reform of the superstructure, developing the productive forces with improving the cultural and ethical quality of the whole nation, raising efficiency with promoting social equity, pursuing independent development with taking part in economic globalization, promoting reform and development with maintaining social stability, and advancing the great cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics with making progress in the great new undertaking to build the Party.In this course the Party has gained invaluable experience in eliminating poverty, accelerating modernization, and consolidating and developing socialism in a large developing country of over one billion people.同保持社會穩定結合起來，把推進中國特色社會主義偉大事業同推進黨的建設新的偉大工程結合起來，取得了我們這樣一個十幾億人口的發展中大國擺脫貧困、加快實現現代化、鞏固和發展社會主義的寶貴經驗。

改革開放以來我們取得一切成績和進步的根本原因，歸結起來就是：開辟了中國特色社會主義道路，形成了中國特色社會主義理論體系。高舉中國特色社會主義偉大旗幟，最根本的就是要堅持這條道路和這個理論體系。

中國特色社會主義道路，就是在中國共產黨領導下，立足基本國情，以經濟建設為中心，堅持四項基本原則，堅持改革開放，解放和發展社會生產力，鞏固和完善社會主義制度，建設社會主義市場經濟、社會主義民主政治、社會主義先進文化、社會主義和諧社會，建設富強民主文明和諧的社會主義現代化國家。中國特色社會主義道路之所以完全正確、之所以能夠引領中國發展進步，關鍵在于我們既堅持了科學社會主義的基本原則，又根據我國實際和時代特征賦予其鮮明的中國特色。在當代中國，堅持中國特色社會主義道路，就是真正堅持社會主義。

中國特色社會主義理論體系，就是包括鄧小平理論、“三個代表”重要思想以及科學發展觀等重大戰略思想在內的科學理論體系。這個理論體系，堅持和發展了馬克思列寧主義、毛澤東思想，凝結了幾代中國共產黨人帶領人民不懈探索實踐的智慧和心血，是馬克思主義中國化最新成果，是黨最可寶貴的政治和精神財富，是全國各族人民團結奮斗的共同思想基礎。中國特色社會主義理論體系是不斷發展的開放的理論體系。《共產黨宣言》發表以來近一百六十年

十七大報告全文英漢對照 To sum up, the fundamental reason behind all our achievements and progress since the reform and opening up policy was introduced is that we have blazed a path of socialism with Chinese characteristics and established a system of theories of socialism with Chinese characteristics.Essentially, to hold high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics means to keep to this path and uphold this system.Taking the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics means we will, under the leadership of the CPC and in light of China's basic conditions, take economic development as the central task, adhere to the Four Cardinal Principles and persevere in reform and opening up, release and develop the productive forces, consolidate and improve the socialist system, develop the socialist market economy, socialist democracy, an advanced socialist culture and a harmonious socialist society, and make China a prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced and harmonious modern socialist country.The main reason this path is completely correct and can lead China to development and progress is that we have adhered to the basic tenets of scientific socialism and in the meantime added to them distinct Chinese characteristics in light of China's conditions and the features of the times.In contemporary China, to stay true to socialism means to keep to the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics.Theories of socialism with Chinese characteristics constitute a system of scientific theories including Deng Xiaoping Theory, the important thought of Three Represents, and the Scientific Outlook on Development and other major strategic thoughts.This system represents the Party's adherence to and development of Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought and embodies the wisdom and hard work of several generations of Chinese Communists leading the people in carrying out tireless explorations and practices.It is the latest achievement in adapting Marxism to Chinese conditions, the Party's invaluable political and intellectual asset, and the common ideological foundation for the concerted endeavor of the people of all ethnic groups.It is an open system that keeps developing.Practices since the publication 的實踐證明，馬克思主義只有與本國國情相結合、與時代發展同進步、與人民群眾共命運，才能煥發出強大的生命力、創造力、感召力。在當代中國，堅持中國特色社會主義理論體系，就是真正堅持馬克思主義。

實踐永無止境，創新永無止境。全黨同志要倍加珍惜、長期堅持和不斷發展黨歷經艱辛開創的中國特色社會主義道路和中國特色社會主義理論體系，堅持解放思想、實事求是、與時俱進，勇于變革、勇于創新，永不僵化、永不停滯，不為任何風險所懼，不被任何干擾所惑，使中國特色社會主義道路越走越寬廣，讓當代中國馬克思主義放射出更加燦爛的真理光芒。

十七大報告全文英漢對照 of the Communist Manifesto nearly 160 years ago have proved that only when Marxism is integrated with the conditions of a specific country, advances in step with the times and is tied to the destiny of the people can it demonstrate its strong vitality, creativity and appeal.In contemporary China, to stay true to Marxism means to adhere to the system of theories of socialism with Chinese characteristics.There is no end to practice or innovation.All Party members must cherish the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics and the system of theories of socialism with Chinese characteristics, which the Party explored and created after going through all the hardships, keep to the path and uphold the system for a long time to come and constantly develop them.We must continue to emancipate our minds, seek truth from facts, keep up with the times, make bold changes and innovations, stay away from rigidity or stagnation, fear no risks, never be confused by any interference, broaden our path of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and ensure that the truth of Marxism of contemporary China shines even more brightly.III.Thoroughly Applying the Scientific Outlook on Development To continue to build a moderately prosperous society in all respects and develop socialism with Chinese characteristics at the new stage of development, we must follow the guidance of Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of Three Represents and thoroughly apply the Scientific Outlook on Development.The Scientific Outlook on Development is a continuation and development of the important thoughts on development advanced by the previous three generations of central collective leadership of the CPC and a concentrated expression of the Marxist world outlook and methodology with regard to development.It is a scientific theory that is in the same line as Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of Three Represents and keeps up with the times.It is an important guiding principle for China's economic and social development and a major strategic thought that

三、深入貫徹落實科學發展觀

在新的發展階段繼續全面建設小康社會、發展中國特色社會主義，必須堅持以鄧小平理論和“三個代表”重要思想為指導，深入貫徹落實科學發展觀。

科學發展觀，是對黨的三代中央領導集體關于發展的重要思想的繼承和發展，是馬克思主義關于發展的世界觀和方法論的集中體現，是同馬克思列寧主義、毛澤東思想、鄧小平理論和“三個代表”重要思想既一脈相承又與時俱進的科學理論，是我國經濟社會發展的重要指導方針，是發展中國特色社會主義必須堅持和貫徹的重大戰略思想。

科學發展觀，是立足社會主義初級階段基本國情，總結我國發展實踐，借鑒國

十七大報告全文英漢對照 we must uphold and apply in developing socialism with Chinese characteristics.In light of the basic reality that China is in the primary stage of socialism, the Scientific Outlook on Development has been formulated to meet new requirements of development by analyzing China's own practice and drawing on the experience of other countries in development.At this new stage in the new century, China's development shows a series of new features which are mainly as follows: The economic strength has increased markedly, but the overall productivity remains low, the capacity for independent innovation is weak, and the longstanding structural problems and the extensive mode of growth are yet to be fundamentally addressed.The socialist market economy is basically in place, but there remain structural and institutional obstacles slowing down development, and further reform in difficult areas is confronted with deep-seated problems.A relatively comfortable standard of living has been achieved for the people as a whole, butthe trend of a growing gap in income distribution has not been thoroughly reversed, there are still a considerable number of impoverished and low-income people in both urban and rural areas, and it has become more difficult to accommodate the interests of all sides.Efforts to balance development have yielded remarkable results, but the foundation of agriculture remains weak, the rural areas still lag behind in development, and we face an arduous task to narrow the urban-rural and interregional gaps in development and promote balanced economic and social development.Socialist democracy has continued to develop and we have made steady progress in implementing the rule of law as a fundamental principle, but efforts to improve democracy and the legal system fall somewhat short of the need to expand people's democracy and promote economic and social development, and political restructuring has to be deepened.Socialist culture is thriving as never before, but the people have growing cultural needs and have become more independent, selective, changeable and diverse in thinking, setting higher requirements for the development of an advanced socialist culture.Our society has become

外發展經驗，適應新的發展要求提出來的。進入新世紀新階段，我國發展呈現一系列新的階段性特征，主要是：經濟實力顯著增強，同時生產力水平總體上還不高，自主創新能力還不強，長期形成的結構性矛盾和粗放型增長方式尚未根本改變；社會主義市場經濟體制初步建立，同時影響發展的體制機制障礙依然存在，改革攻堅面臨深層次矛盾和問題；人民生活總體上達到小康水平，同時收入分配差距拉大趨勢還未根本扭轉，城鄉貧困人口和低收入人口還有相當數量，統籌兼顧各方面利益難度加大；協調發展取得顯著成績，同時農業基礎薄弱、農村發展滯后的局面尚未改變，縮小城鄉、區域發展差距和促進經濟社會協調發展任務艱巨；社會主義民主政治不斷發展、依法治國基本方略扎實貫徹，同時民主法制建設與擴大人民民主和經濟社會發展的要求還不完全適應，政治體制改革需要繼續深化；社會主義文化更加繁榮，同時人民精神文化需求日趨旺盛，人們思想活動的獨立性、選擇性、多變性、差異性明顯增強，對發展社會主義先進文化提出了更高要求；社會活力顯著增強，同時社會結構、社會組織形式、社會利益格局發生深刻變化，社會建設和管理面臨諸多新課題；對外開放日益擴大，同時面臨的國際競爭日趨激烈，發達國家在經濟科技上占優勢的壓力長期存在，可以預見和難以預見的風險增多，統籌國內發展和對外開放要求更高。

這些情況表明，經過新中國成立以來特別是改革開放以來的不懈努力，我國取

十七大報告全文英漢對照 evidently more dynamic, but profound changes have taken place in the structure of society, in the way society is organized and in the pattern of social interests, and many new issues have emerged in social development and management.China is opening wider to the outside world, but international competition is becoming increasingly acute, pressure in the form of the economic and scientific dominance of developed countries will continue for a long time to come, both predictable and unpredictable risks are increasing, and the need to balance domestic development and opening to the outside world is greater than ever.All this shows that through the unremitting efforts we have made since the founding of the People's Republic in 1949, particularly since the introduction of the reform and opening up policy, China has scored achievements in development that have captured world attention, and experienced far-reaching changes in the productive forces and the relations of production, as well as in the economic base and the superstructure.However, the basic reality that China is still in the primary stage of socialism and will remain so for a long time to come has not changed, nor has Chinese society's principal contradictionWe must regard development as the top priority of the Party in governing and rejuvenating the country.Development is of decisive significance for building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and speeding up socialist modernization.We must firmly commit ourselves to the central task of economic development, concentrate on construction and development, and keep releasing and developing the productive forces.We must better implementthe strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education, the strategy of strengthening the nation with trained personnel and the strategy of sustainable development.We must grasp the law of development, make innovations in our thinking, transform the mode of development, crack hard issues and raise quality and efficiency to achieve sound and rapid development, so that we can lay a solid foundation for developing socialism with Chinese characteristics.We must strive for scientific development by putting people first and making it comprehensive, balanced and sustainable;we must strive for harmonious development by integrating all undertakings and promoting unity and amity among all members of society;and we must strive for peaceful development in the course of which China develops itself by safeguarding world peace and contributes to world peace by developing itself.We must pursue comprehensive, balanced and sustainable development.In accordance with the overall arrangements for the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics, we will promote all-round economic, political, cultural and social development, coordinate all links and aspects of our modernization drive, and balance the relations of production with the productive forces and the superstructure with the economic base.We must adopt an enlightened approach to development that results in expanded production, a better life and sound ecological and environmental conditions, and build a resource-conserving and environment-friendly society that coordinates growth rate with the economic structure, quality and efficiency, and harmonizes economic growth with the population, resources and the environment, so that our people will live and work under sound ecological and environmental conditions and our economy and society will develop in a sustainable way.Promote balanced development to ensure sound and rapid economic growth.The development pattern will be significantly transformed.We will quadruple the per capita GDP of the year 2000 by 2020 through optimizing the economic structure and improving economic returns while reducing consumption of resources and protecting the environment.The socialist market economy will be improved.We will greatly enhance our capacity for independent innovation, enabling scientific and technological advancement to contribute much more to economic growth and making China an innovative country.The

四、實現全面建設小康社會奮斗目標的新要求

我們已經朝著十六大確立的全面建設小康社會的目標邁出了堅實步伐，今后要繼續努力奮斗，確保到二０二０年實現全面建成小康社會的奮斗目標。我們必須適應國內外形勢的新變化，順應各族人民過上更好生活的新期待，把握經濟社會發展趨勢和規律，堅持中國特色社會主義經濟建設、政治建設、文化建設、社會建設的基本目標和基本政策構成的基本綱領，在十六大確立的全面建設小康社會目標的基礎上對我國發展提出新的更高要求。

——增強發展協調性，努力實現經濟又好又快發展。轉變發展方式取得重大進展，在優化結構、提高效益、降低消耗、保護環境的基礎上，實現人均國內生產總值到二０二０年比二０００年翻兩番。社會主義市場經濟體制更加完善。自主創新能力顯著提高，科技進步對經濟增長的貢獻率大幅上升，進入創新型國家行列。居民消費率穩步提高，形成消費、投資、出口協調拉動的增長格局。城鄉、區域協調互動發展機制和主體功能區布局基本形成。社會主義新農村建設取得重大進展。城鎮人口比重明顯增加。

十七大報告全文英漢對照 ratio of consumption to GDP will increase steadily, and consumption, investment and export will be coordinated to boost economic growth.A mechanism for urban and rural areas and for different regions to have balanced and interactive development and a layout of development priority zones will be basically in place.Efforts to build a new socialist countryside will make significant headway.The proportion of urban residents will notably increase.Promote cultural development and notably enhance the cultural and ethical quality of the whole nation.Socialist core values will prevail among the people, and fine ideological and ethical trends will be encouraged.A basic system of public cultural services will cover the whole society, the cultural industry will account for much more of the national economy and become more competitive internationally, and a more abundant supply of cultural products will be available to meet the people's needs.Promote a conservation culture by basically forming an energy-and resource-efficient and environment-friendly structure of industries, pattern of growth and mode of consumption.We will have a large-scale circular economy and considerably increase the proportion of renewable energy sources in total energy consumption.The discharge of major pollutants will be brought under effective control and the ecological and environmental quality will improve notably.Awareness of conservation will be firmly established in the whole of society.When the goal of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects is attained by 2020, China, a large developing socialist country with an ancient civilization, will have basically accomplished industrialization, with its overall strength significantly increased and its domestic market ranking as one of the largest in the world.It will be a country whose people are better off and enjoy markedly improved quality of life and a good environment.Its citizens will have more extensive democratic rights, show higher ethical standards and look forward to greater cultural achievements.China will have better institutions in all areas and Chinese society will have greater vitality coupled with stability and unity.The country will be still more open and friendly to the outside world and make greater contributions to human civilization.The following five years will be a crucial period for building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.We must enhance our confidence and work hard to lay a more solid foundation for success in building a moderately prosperous society of a higher level in all respects to the benefit of over one billion people.V.Promoting Sound and Rapid Development of the National Economy To attain the objectives for economic development, it is essential to significantly accelerate the transformation of the development pattern and improve the socialist

到二０二０年全面建設小康社會目標實現之時，我們這個歷史悠久的文明古國和發展中社會主義大國，將成為工業化基本實現、綜合國力顯著增強、國內市場總體規模位居世界前列的國家，成為人民富裕程度普遍提高、生活質量明顯改善、生態環境良好的國家，成為人民享有更加充分民主權利、具有更高文明素質和精神追求的國家，成為各方面制度更加完善、社會更加充滿活力而又安定團結的國家，成為對外更加開放、更加具有親和力、為人類文明作出更大貢獻的國家。

今后五年是全面建設小康社會的關鍵時期。我們要堅定信心，埋頭苦干，為全面建成惠及十幾億人口的更高水平的小康社會打下更加牢固的基礎。

五、促進國民經濟又好又快發展

實現未來經濟發展目標，關鍵要在加快轉變經濟發展方式、完善社會主義市場經濟體制方面取得重大進展。要大力推進經濟結構戰略性調整，更加注重提高

十七大報告全文英漢對照 market economy.We need to vigorously push forward strategic economic restructuring and make greater efforts to improve China's capacity for independent innovation as well as energy and environmental conservation, and to enhance the overall quality of the economy and its international competitiveness.We need to deepen our understanding of the laws governing the socialist market economy, introduce institutions to give better play to the basic role of market forces in allocating resources, and form a system of macroeconomic regulation conducive to scientific development.1.Enhance China's capacity for independent innovation and make China an innovative country.This is the core of our national development strategy and a crucial link in enhancing the overall national strength.We need to keep to the path of independent innovation with Chinese characteristics and improve our capacity for independent innovation in all areas of modernization.We need to conscientiously implement the Outline of the National Program for Long-and Medium-Term Scientific and Technological Development(2006-20), increase spending on independent innovation, and make breakthroughs in key technologies vital to our economic and social development.We will speed up forming a national innovation system and support basic research, research in frontier technology and technological research for public welfare.We will step up our efforts to establish a market-oriented system for technological innovation, in which enterprises play the leading role and which combines the efforts of enterprises, universities and research institutes, and guide and support the concentration of factors of innovation in enterprises, thereby promoting the translation of scientific and technological advances into practical productive forces.We will deepen reform of the system for managing science and technology, optimize the allocation of relevant resources, and improve the legal guarantee, policy system, incentive mechanism and market conditions to encourage technological innovation and the application of scientific and technological achievements in production.We will implement the strategy for

自主創新能力、提高節能環保水平、提高經濟整體素質和國際競爭力。要深化對社會主義市場經濟規律的認識，從制度上更好發揮市場在資源配置中的基礎性作用，形成有利于科學發展的宏觀調控體系。

（一）提高自主創新能力，建設創新型國家。這是國家發展戰略的核心，是提高綜合國力的關鍵。要堅持走中國特色自主創新道路，把增強自主創新能力貫徹到現代化建設各個方面。認真落實國家中長期科學和技術發展規劃綱要，加大對自主創新投入，著力突破制約經濟社會發展的關鍵技術。加快建設國家創新體系，支持基礎研究、前沿技術研究、社會公益性技術研究。加快建立以企業為主體、市場為導向、產學研相結合的技術創新體系，引導和支持創新要素向企業集聚，促進科技成果向現實生產力轉化。深化科技管理體制改革，優化科技資源配置，完善鼓勵技術創新和科技成果產業化的法制保障、政策體系、激勵機制、市場環境。實施知識產權戰略。充分利用國際科技資源。進一步營造鼓勵創新的環境，努力造就世界一流科學家和科技領軍人才，注重培養一線的創新人才，使全社會創新智慧競相迸發、各方面創新人才大量涌現。

（二）加快轉變經濟發展方式，推動產業結構優化升級。這是關系國民經濟全局緊迫而重大的戰略任務。要堅持走中

十七大報告全文英漢對照 intellectual property rights.We will make the best use of international resources of science and technology.We will continue to create conditions conducive to innovation, work to train world-class scientists and leaders in scientific and technological research, attach great importance to training innovative personnel in the frontline of production, inspire the creative wisdom of the whole society and bring forth large numbers of innovative personnel in all areas.2.Accelerate transformation of the mode of economic development and promote upgrading of the industrial structure.This is a pressing strategic task vital to the national economy as a whole.We must keep to the new path of industrialization with Chinese characteristics, pursue the policy of boosting domestic demand, particularly consumer demand, and propel three transitions in the mode of economic growth: the transition from relying mainly on investment and export to relying on a well coordinated combination of consumption, investment and export, the transition from secondary industry serving as the major driving force to primary, secondary and tertiary industries jointly driving economic growth, and the transition from relying heavily on increased consumption of material resources to relying mainly on advances in science and technology, improvement in the quality of the workforce and innovation in management.We will develop amodern industrial system, integrate IT application with industrialization, push our large industries to grow stronger, invigorate the equipment manufacturing industry, and eliminate outdated production capacities.We will upgrade new-and high-technology industries and develop information, biotechnology, new materials, aerospace, marine and other industries.We will develop the modern service industry and raise the level of the service sector and its share in the economy.We will step up efforts to improve basic industries and infrastructure and accelerate development of a modern energy industry and a comprehensive transport system.We will ensure the quality and safety of products.We will encourage formation of internationally competitive conglomerates.3.Balance urban and rural development and build a

國特色新型工業化道路，堅持擴大國內需求特別是消費需求的方針，促進經濟增長由主要依靠投資、出口拉動向依靠消費、投資、出口協調拉動轉變，由主要依靠第二產業帶動向依靠第一、第二、第三產業協同帶動轉變，由主要依靠增加物質資源消耗向主要依靠科技進步、勞動者素質提高、管理創新轉變。發展現代產業體系，大力推進信息化與工業化融合，促進工業由大變強，振興裝備制造業，淘汰落后生產能力；提升高新技術產業，發展信息、生物、新材料、航空航天、海洋等產業；發展現代服務業，提高服務業比重和水平；加強基礎產業基礎設施建設，加快發展現代能源產業和綜合運輸體系。確保產品質量和安全。鼓勵發展具有國際競爭力的大企業集團。

（三）統籌城鄉發展，推進社會主義新農村建設。解決好農業、農村、農民問題，事關全面建設小康社會大局，必須始終作為全黨工作的重中之重。要加強農業基礎地位，走中國特色農業現代化道路，建立以工促農、以城帶鄉長效機制，形成城鄉經濟社會發展一體化新格局。堅持把發展現代農業、繁榮農村經濟作為首要任務，加強農村基礎設施建設，健全農村市場和農業服務體系。加大支農惠農政策力度，嚴格保護耕地，增加農業投入，促進農業科技進步，增強農業綜合生產能力，確保國家糧食安全。加強動植物疫病防控，提高農產品質量安全水平。以促進農民增收為核心，發展鄉鎮企業，壯大縣域經濟，多渠道轉移農民就業。提高扶貧開發水平。深化農村綜合改革，推進農村金融體制改革和創新，改革集體林權制度。堅持農村基本經營制度，穩定和完善土

十七大報告全文英漢對照 new socialist countryside.As resolution of issues concerning agriculture, rural areas and farmers has an overall impact on building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, we must always make it a top priority in the work of the whole Party.We will strengthen the position of agriculture as the foundation of the national economy, take a path of agricultural modernization with Chinese characteristics,set up a permanent mechanism of industry promoting agriculture and urban areas helping rural areas, and form a new pattern that integrates economic and social development in urban and rural areas.We will continue to take developing modern agriculture and invigorating the rural economy as a primary task, strengthen infrastructure in rural areas, and improve the system of rural markets and that of services for agriculture.We will increase policy measures to support and benefit agriculture, rural areas and farmers, strictly protect arable land, increase spending on agriculture, promote advances in agriculture-related science and technology, and improve overall agricultural production capacity to ensure food security for the nation.We will intensify efforts to prevent and control animal and plant epidemic diseases and improve the quality and safety of agricultural products.To increase farmers' income, we will develop rural enterprises, expand county economies, and transfer rural labor out of farming through various channels.We will enhance poverty reduction through development.We will deepen the comprehensive rural reform, promote reform and innovation in the rural banking system, and reform the system of collective forest rights.We will uphold the basic system for rural operations, stabilize and improve land contract relations, improve the market for transferring land contract and management rights in accordance with the law and on a voluntary and compensatory basis, and develop various forms of appropriate large-scale operations where conditions permit.We will explore effective forms of collective economic operations, develop specialized farmers' cooperatives, and support the industrialized operation of agriculture and the development of leading agribusinesses.We will train a new type of farmers

地承包關系，按照依法自愿有償原則，健全土地承包經營權流轉市場，有條件的地方可以發展多種形式的適度規模經營。探索集體經濟有效實現形式，發展農民專業合作組織，支持農業產業化經營和龍頭企業發展。培育有文化、懂技術、會經營的新型農民，發揮億萬農民建設新農村的主體作用。

（四）加強能源資源節約和生態環境保護，增強可持續發展能力。堅持節約資源和保護環境的基本國策，關系人民群眾切身利益和中華民族生存發展。必須把建設資源節約型、環境友好型社會放在工業化、現代化發展戰略的突出位置，落實到每個單位、每個家庭。要完善有利于節約能源資源和保護生態環境的法律和政策，加快形成可持續發展體制機制。落實節能減排工作責任制。開發和推廣節約、替代、循環利用和治理污染的先進適用技術，發展清潔能源和可再生能源，保護土地和水資源，建設科學合理的能源資源利用體系，提高能源資源利用效率。發展環保產業。加大節能環保投入，重點加強水、大氣、土壤等污染防治，改善城鄉人居環境。加強水利、林業、草原建設，加強荒漠化石漠化治理，促進生態修復。加強應對氣候變化能力建設，為保護全球氣候作出新貢獻。

十七大報告全文英漢對照 who are educated and understand both agricultural techniques and business management, and encourage hundreds of millions of farmers to play the major role in building a new countryside.4.Improve energy, resources, ecological and environmental conservation and enhance China's capacity for sustainable development.Adhering to the basic state policy of conserving resources and the environment is vital to the immediate interests of the people and the survival and development of the Chinese nation.We must give prominence to building a resource-conserving, environment-friendly society in our strategy for industrialization and modernization and get every organization and family to act accordingly.We will improve laws and policies to promote energy, resources, ecological and environmental conservation, and speed up the formation of systems and mechanisms for sustainable development.We will implement the responsibility system for conserving energy and reducing emissions.We willdevelop and extend advanced and appropriate technologies for conserving, substituting and recycling energy and resources and for controlling pollution, develop clean and renewable energy sources, protect land and water resources and set up a scientific, rational system for using energy and resources more efficiently.We will develop environmental conservation industries.We will increase spending on energy and environmental conservation with the focus on intensifying prevention and control of water, air and soil pollution and improving the living environment for both urban and rural residents.We will improve water conservancy, forestry and grasslands, intensify efforts to bring desertification under control and prevent the spread of stony deserts, and promote restoration of the ecosystems.We will enhance our capacity to respond to climate change and make new contributions to protecting the global climate.5.Promote balanced development among regions and improve the pattern of land development.To narrow the gap in development among regions, we must work to ensure their equal access to basic public services and guide a rational flow of factors of production between regions.Following the general strategy for

（五）推動區域協調發展，優化國土開發格局。縮小區域發展差距，必須注重實現基本公共服務均等化，引導生產要素跨區域合理流動。要繼續實施區域發展總體戰略，深入推進西部大開發，全面振興東北地區等老工業基地，大力促進中部地區崛起，積極支持東部地區率先發展。加強國土規劃，按照形成主體功能區的要求，完善區域政策，調整經濟布局。遵循市場經濟規律，突破行政區劃界限，形成若干帶動力強、聯系緊密的經濟圈和經濟帶。重大項目布局要充分考慮支持中西部發展，鼓勵東部地區帶動和幫助中西部地區發展。加大對革命老區、民族地區、邊疆地區、貧困地區發展扶持力度。幫助資源枯竭地區實現經濟轉型。更好發揮經濟特區、上海浦東新區、天津濱海新區在改革開放和自主創新中的重要作用。走中國特色城鎮化道路，按照統籌城鄉、布局合理、節約土地、功能完善、以大帶小的原則，促進大中小城市和小城鎮協調發展。以增強綜合承載能力為重點，以特大城市為依托，形成輻射作用大的城市群，培育新的經濟增長極。

（六）完善基本經濟制度，健全現代市場體系。堅持和完善公有制為主體、多種所有制經濟共同發展的基本經濟制度，毫不動搖地鞏固和發展公有制經濟，毫不動搖地鼓勵、支持、引導非公

十七大報告全文英漢對照 regional development, we will continue to carry out large-scale development of the western region, rejuvenate northeast China and other old industrial bases in an all-round way, boost the development of the central region and support the eastern region in taking the lead in development.We will strengthen land planning, improve policies for regional development and adjust the geographical distribution of economic operations in accordance with the requirement to form development priority zones.In compliance with the laws governing the market economy, we will work beyond administrative divisions to form a number of close-knit economic rims and belts that will provide a strong impetus to the development of other areas.In locating major projects, we must give full consideration to supporting development of the central and western regions and encourage the eastern region to help them develop.We will give more support to the development of old revolutionary base areas, ethnic autonomous areas, border areas and poverty-stricken areas.We will help transform the economies of areas where natural resources are exhausted.We will have the special economic zones, the Pudong New Area in Shanghai and the Binhai New Area in Tianjin play a major role in reform, opening up and independent innovation.Taking a path of urbanization with Chinese characteristics, we will promote balanced development of large, medium-sized and small cities and towns on the principle of balancing urban and rural development, ensuring rational distribution, saving land, providing a full range of functions and getting larger cities to help smaller ones.Focusing on increasing the overall carrying capacity of cities, we will form city clusters with mega cities as the core so that they can boost development in other areas and become new poles of economic growth.6.Improve the basic economic system and the modern market system.We need to uphold and improve the basic economic system in which public ownership is dominant and different economic sectors develop side by side, unwaveringly consolidate and develop the public sector of the economy, unswervingly encourage, support and guide the development of the non-public

有制經濟發展，堅持平等保護物權，形成各種所有制經濟平等競爭、相互促進新格局。深化國有企業公司制股份制改革，健全現代企業制度，優化國有經濟布局和結構，增強國有經濟活力、控制力、影響力。深化壟斷行業改革，引入競爭機制，加強政府監管和社會監督。加快建設國有資本經營預算制度。完善各類國有資產管理體制和制度。推進集體企業改革，發展多種形式的集體經濟、合作經濟。推進公平準入，改善融資條件，破除體制障礙，促進個體、私營經濟和中小企業發展。以現代產權制度為基礎，發展混合所有制經濟。加快形成統一開放競爭有序的現代市場體系，發展各類生產要素市場，完善反映市場供求關系、資源稀缺程度、環境損害成本的生產要素和資源價格形成機制，規范發展行業協會和市場中介組織，健全社會信用體系。

（七）深化財稅、金融等體制改革，完善宏觀調控體系。圍繞推進基本公共服務均等化和主體功能區建設，完善公共財政體系。深化預算制度改革，強化預算管理和監督，健全中央和地方財力與事權相匹配的體制，加快形成統一規范透明的財政轉移支付制度，提高一般性轉移支付規模和比例，加大公共服務領域投入。完善省以下財政體制，增強基層政府提供公共服務能力。實行有利于科學發展的財稅制度，建立健全資源有償使用制度和生態環境補償機制。推進金融體制改革，發展各類金融市場，形成多種所有制和多種經營形式、結構合理、功能完善、高效安全的現代金融體系。提高銀行業、證券業、保險業競爭

十七大報告全文英漢對照 sector, ensure equal protection of property rights, and create a new situation in which all economic sectors compete on an equal footing and reinforce each other.We will deepen the reform to introduce the corporate and shareholding systems in state-owned enterprises, improve the modern corporate structure and optimize the distribution and structure of the state sector of the economy to enhance its dynamism, dominance and influence.We will deepen the reform of monopoly industries by introducing competition, and strengthen government regulation and public oversight of them.We will accelerate development ofa budget system for managing state capital and improve systems and regulations for managing all types of state assets.We will press ahead with the reform of collectively-owned enterprises and develop various forms of collective and cooperative economic operations.We will promote equitable market access, improve the financing environment and remove institutional barriers in order to promote development of individually-owned businesses and private companies as well as small and medium-sized enterprises.We will develop the economic sector of mixed ownership based on the modern system of property rights.We will accelerate the formation of a modern market system that is unified and open and that allows orderly competition, develop markets for factors of production, improve the pricing mechanism for factors of production and resources to reflect changes in market supply and demand, resource scarcities and environmental costs, regulate and develop industry associations and market-based intermediaries, and improve the social credibility system.7.Deepen fiscal, taxation and financial restructuring and improve macroeconomic regulation.We will improve the public finance system as we work to ensure equal access to basic public services and establish development priority zones.We need to deepen reform of the budget system, tighten budgetary management and oversight, improve the system whereby both the central and local governments have financial resources proportionate to their duties and responsibilities, accelerate the establishment of a unified, standardized and

力。優化資本市場結構，多渠道提高直接融資比重。加強和改進金融監管，防范和化解金融風險。完善人民幣匯率形成機制，逐步實現資本項目可兌換。深化投資體制改革，健全和嚴格市場準入制度。完善國家規劃體系。發揮國家發展規劃、計劃、產業政策在宏觀調控中的導向作用，綜合運用財政、貨幣政策，提高宏觀調控水平。

（八）拓展對外開放廣度和深度，提高開放型經濟水平。堅持對外開放的基本國策，把“引進來”和“走出去”更好結合起來，擴大開放領域，優化開放結構，提高開放質量，完善內外聯動、互利共贏、安全高效的開放型經濟體系，形成經濟全球化條件下參與國際經濟合作和競爭新優勢。深化沿海開放，加快內地開放，提升沿邊開放，實現對內對外開放相互促進。加快轉變外貿增長方式，立足以質取勝，調整進出口結構，促進加工貿易轉型升級，大力發展服務貿易。創新利用外資方式，優化利用外資結構，發揮利用外資在推動自主創新、產業升級、區域協調發展等方面的積極作用。創新對外投資和合作方式，支持企業在研發、生產、銷售等方面開展國際化經營，加快培育我國的跨國公司和國際知名品牌。積極開展國際能源資源互利合作。實施自由貿易區戰略，加強雙邊多邊經貿合作。采取綜合措施促進國際收支基本平衡。注重防范國際經濟風險。

實現國民經濟又好又快發展，必將進一步增強我國經濟實力，彰顯社會主義市場經濟的強大生機活力。

十七大報告全文英漢對照 transparent system for transfer payments, enlarge the size and proportion of general transfer payments, and increase input in public services.We will improve fiscal systems at and below the provincial level to enhance the capacity of county and township governments to provide public services.We will adopt fiscal and taxation systems conducive to scientific development and set up sound compensation systems for use of resources and for damage to the ecological environment.We will proceed with financial reforms to develop various types of financial markets and build a modern financial system that is inclusive of different forms of ownership and different ways of operation and that features a reasonable structure, complete functions, efficiency and security.We will make our banking, securities and insurance industries more competitive.We will improve the structure of the capital market and raise the proportion of direct financing through multiple channels.We will strengthen financial supervision and control, and forestall and defuse financial risks.We will improve the RMB exchange rate regime and gradually make the RMB convertible under capital accounts.We will deepen reform of the investment system and improve and strictly enforce market access rules.We will improve the state planning system.We will give play to the guiding role of national development plans, programs and industrial policies in macroeconomic regulation and combine the use of fiscal and monetary policies to improve macroeconomic regulation.8.Expand opening up in scope and depth and improve our open economy.Adhering to the basic state policy of opening up, we will better integrate our “bring in” and “go global” strategies, expand the areas of opening up, optimize its structure, raise its quality, and turn our open economy into one in which domestic development and opening to the outside world interact and Chinese businesses and their foreign counterparts engage in win-win cooperation, and one that features security and efficiency, in order to gain new advantages for China in international economic cooperation and competition amid economic globalization.We will deepen the opening up of coastal areas, accelerate that of inland areas and upgrade that

十七大報告全文英漢對照 of border areas, so that opening up at home and opening to the outside world will promote each other.We will expedite transformation of the growth mode of foreign trade, stress quality, adjust the mix of imports and exports, promote transformation and upgrading of processing trade, and energetically develop service trade.We will make innovations in the way of using foreign capital, improve the structure of foreign investment utilized, and let the use of foreign capital play a positive role in facilitating independent innovation, industrial upgrading and balanced development among regions.We will make innovations in our way of overseas investment and cooperation, support domestic enterprises in carrying out international operations of R&D, production and marketing, and accelerate the growth of Chinese multinational corporations and Chinese brand names in the world market.We will vigorously carry out mutually beneficial international cooperation in energy and resources.We will implement a strategy of free trade zones and expand bilateral and multilateral trade and economic cooperation.We will adopt comprehensive measures to maintain a basic equilibrium in the balance of payments.We must guard against international economic risks.By ensuring sound and rapid growth of the economy, we will further enhance China's economic strength, and enable our socialist market economy to exhibit its great vitality.VI.Unswervingly Developing Socialist Democracy People's democracy is the lifeblood of socialism.The Party has been consistently pursuing the goal of developing socialist democracy.Since China began its reform and opening up, we have made vigorous yet steady efforts to promote political restructuring, and socialist democracy has demonstrated greater vitality in the country.As an important part of the overall reform, political restructuring must be constantly deepened along with economic and social development to adapt to the growing enthusiasm of the people for participation in political affairs.We must keep to the path of political development under socialism with Chinese characteristics, and integrate the leadership of

六、堅定不移發展社會主義民主政治 人民民主是社會主義的生命。發展社會主義民主政治是我們黨始終不渝的奮斗目標。改革開放以來，我們積極穩妥推進政治體制改革，我國社會主義民主政治展現出更加旺盛的生命力。政治體制改革作為我國全面改革的重要組成部分，必須隨著經濟社會發展而不斷深化，與人民政治參與積極性不斷提高相適應。要堅持中國特色社會主義政治發展道路，堅持黨的領導、人民當家作主、依法治國有機統一，堅持和完善人民代表大會制度、中國共產黨領導的多黨合作和政治協商制度、民族區域自治制度

十七大報告全文英漢對照 the Party, the position of the people as masters of the country, and the rule of law.We must uphold and improve the system of people's congresses, the system of multiparty cooperation and political consultation under the leadership of the CPC, the system of regional ethnic autonomy, and the system of self-governance at the primary level of society.All this will promote continuous self-improvement and development of the socialist political system.In deepening political restructuring, we must keep to the correct political orientation.On the basis of ensuring the people's position as masters of the country, we will expand socialist democracy, build a socialist country under the rule of law and develop socialist political civilization to enhance the vitality of the Party and the state and arouse the initiative of the people.We must uphold the Party's role as the core of leadership in directing the overall situation and coordinating the efforts of all quarters, and improve its capacity for scientific, democratic and law-based governance to ensure that the Party leads the people in effectively governing the country.We must ensure that all power of the state belongs to the people, expand the citizens' orderly participation in political affairs at each level and in every field, and mobilize and organize the people as extensively as possible to manage state and social affairs as well as economic and cultural programs in accordance with the law.We must uphold the rule of law as a fundamental principle and adopt the socialist concept of law-based governance to ensure that all work of the state is based on the law and that the legitimate rights and interests of citizens are safeguarded.We must maintain the features and advantages of the socialist political system and define institutions, standards and procedures for socialist democracy to provide political and legal guarantees of lasting stability for the Party and the country.1.Expand people's democracy and ensure that they are masters of the country.The essence and core of socialist democracy are that the people are masters of the country.We need to improve institutions for democracy, diversify its forms and expand its channels, and we need to carry out democratic

以及基層群眾自治制度，不斷推進社會主義政治制度自我完善和發展。

深化政治體制改革，必須堅持正確政治方向，以保證人民當家作主為根本，以增強黨和國家活力、調動人民積極性為目標，擴大社會主義民主，建設社會主義法治國家，發展社會主義政治文明。要堅持黨總攬全局、協調各方的領導核心作用，提高黨科學執政、民主執政、依法執政水平，保證黨領導人民有效治理國家；堅持國家一切權力屬于人民，從各個層次、各個領域擴大公民有序政治參與，最廣泛地動員和組織人民依法管理國家事務和社會事務、管理經濟和文化事業；堅持依法治國基本方略，樹立社會主義法治理念，實現國家各項工作法治化，保障公民合法權益；堅持社會主義政治制度的特點和優勢，推進社會主義民主政治制度化、規范化、程序化，為黨和國家長治久安提供政治和法律制度保障。

（一）擴大人民民主，保證人民當家作主。人民當家作主是社會主義民主政治的本質和核心。要健全民主制度，豐富民主形式，拓寬民主渠道，依法實行民主選舉、民主決策、民主管理、民主監督，保障人民的知情權、參與權、表達權、監督權。支持人民代表大會依法履行職能，善于使黨的主張通過法定程序成為國家意志；保障人大代表依法行使職權，密切人大代表同人民的聯系，建議逐步實行城鄉按相同人口比例選舉人大代表；加強人大常委會制度建設，優化組成人員知識結構和年齡結構。支持人民政協圍繞團結和民主兩大主題履行職能，推進政治協商、民主監督、十七大報告全文英漢對照 election, decision-making, administration and oversight in accordance with the law to guarantee the people's rights to be informed, to participate, to be heard, and to oversee.We must support people's congresses in performing their functions pursuant to law and effectively turn the Party's propositions into the will of the state through legal procedures.We must ensure that deputies to people's congresses exercise their functions and powers in accordance with the law and maintain close ties with the general public.We propose that both urban and rural areas gradually adopt the same ratio of deputies to the represented population in elections of deputies to people's congresses.We must strengthen the institutions of standing committees of people's congresses and improve their membership composition in terms of intellectual background and age.We will support the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference(CPPCC)in performing its functions centered on the two major themes of unity and democracy and improve the system of political consultation, democratic oversight, and participation in the deliberation and administration of state affairs.We will incorporate political consultation in decision-making procedures, improve democratic oversight and ensure that the CPPCC participates in the deliberation and administration of state affairs more effectively.The CPPCC is encouraged to improve itself and play its important role in coordinating relations, pooling strengths, making proposals and serving the overall interests of the country.We must ensure equality among all ethnic groups and guarantee the right of ethnic autonomous areas to exercise autonomy pursuant to law.To ensure scientific and democratic decision-making, we will improve the information and intellectual support for it, increase its transparency and expand public participation in it.In principle, public hearings must be held for the formulation of laws, regulations and policies that bear closely on the interests of the public.We need to step up education about citizenship and establish socialist concepts of democracy, the rule of law, freedom, equality, equity and justice.We support trade unions, the Communist Youth League, women's federations and other people's

參政議政制度建設；把政治協商納入決策程序，完善民主監督機制，提高參政議政實效；加強政協自身建設，發揮協調關系、匯聚力量、建言獻策、服務大局的重要作用。堅持各民族一律平等，保證民族自治地方依法行使自治權。推進決策科學化、民主化，完善決策信息和智力支持系統，增強決策透明度和公眾參與度，制定與群眾利益密切相關的法律法規和公共政策原則上要公開聽取意見。加強公民意識教育，樹立社會主義民主法治、自由平等、公平正義理念。支持工會、共青團、婦聯等人民團體依照法律和各自章程開展工作，參與社會管理和公共服務，維護群眾合法權益。

（二）發展基層民主，保障人民享有更多更切實的民主權利。人民依法直接行使民主權利，管理基層公共事務和公益事業，實行自我管理、自我服務、自我教育、自我監督，對干部實行民主監督，是人民當家作主最有效、最廣泛的途徑，必須作為發展社會主義民主政治的基礎性工程重點推進。要健全基層黨組織領導的充滿活力的基層群眾自治機制，擴大基層群眾自治范圍，完善民主管理制度，把城鄉社區建設成為管理有序、服務完善、文明祥和的社會生活共同體。全心全意依靠工人階級，完善以職工代表大會為基本形式的企事業單位民主管理制度，推進廠務公開，支持

十七大報告全文英漢對照 organizations in functioning in accordance with the law and their respective charters, participating in social management and public services and helping protect the people's legitimate rights and interests.2.Develop primary-level democracy and ensure that the people enjoy democratic rights in a more extensive and practical way.The most effective and extensive way for the people to be masters of the country is that they directly exercise their democratic rights in accordance with the law to manage public affairs and public service programs at the primary level, practice self-management, self-service, self-education and self-oversight, and exercise democratic oversight over cadres.Such practices must be emphasized and promoted as the groundwork for developing socialist democracy.We need to improve the dynamic mechanism of people's self-governance at the primary level under the leadership of primary Party organizations, expand the scope of self-governance, and improve the institution for democratic management, with a view to turning urban and rural neighborhoods into communities of social life that are well managed, supported by complete services, and filled with civility and harmony.We must rely wholeheartedly on the working class, improve the democratic management system in enterprises and public institutions with workers' conferences as its basic form and increase transparency in factory affairs to support workers' participation in management and to safeguard their legitimate rights and interests.We need to deepen institutional reforms at the town and township level to strengthen government authorities there and improve the systems for transparency in government and village affairs to bring about effective connection and beneficial interaction between government administration and primary-level self-governance.We also encourage social organizations to help expand the participation by the public and report on their petitions to improve the self-governance capability of society.3.Comprehensively implement the rule of law as a fundamental principle and speed up the building of a socialist country under the rule of law.The rule of law constitutes the essential requirement of socialist

職工參與管理，維護職工合法權益。深化鄉鎮機構改革，加強基層政權建設，完善政務公開、村務公開等制度，實現政府行政管理與基層群眾自治有效銜接和良性互動。發揮社會組織在擴大群眾參與、反映群眾訴求方面的積極作用，增強社會自治功能。

（三）全面落實依法治國基本方略，加快建設社會主義法治國家。依法治國是社會主義民主政治的基本要求。要堅持科學立法、民主立法，完善中國特色社會主義法律體系。加強憲法和法律實施，堅持公民在法律面前一律平等，維護社會公平正義，維護社會主義法制的統一、尊嚴、權威。推進依法行政。深化司法體制改革，優化司法職權配置，規范司法行為，建設公正高效權威的社會主義司法制度，保證審判機關、檢察機關依法獨立公正地行使審判權、檢察權。加強政法隊伍建設，做到嚴格、公正、文明執法。深入開展法制宣傳教育，弘揚法治精神，形成自覺學法守法用法的社會氛圍。尊重和保障人權，依法保證全體社會成員平等參與、平等發展的權利。各級黨組織和全體黨員要自覺在憲法和法律范圍內活動，帶頭維護憲法和法律的權威。

（四）壯大愛國統一戰線，團結一切可以團結的力量。促進政黨關系、民族關系、宗教關系、階層關系、海內外同胞

十七大報告全文英漢對照 democracy.We must persist in scientific and democratic legislation to improve the socialist law system with Chinese characteristics.We will strengthen the enforcement of the Constitution and laws, ensure that all citizens are equal before the law, and safeguard social equity and justice and the consistency, sanctity and authority of the socialist legal system.We need to carry out government administration in accordance with the law.We need to deepen the reform of the judiciary system, optimize the distribution of judicial functions and powers, standardize judicial practices, and build a fair, efficient and authoritative socialist judiciary system to ensure that courts and procuratorates exercise their respective powers independently and impartially in accordance with the law.We need to improve the overall quality of judicial, procuratorial and public security personnel to ensure that law enforcement is strict, impartial and civilized.We need to step up the education campaign to increase public awareness of law, and promote the spirit of the rule of law, creating a social environment in which people study, abide by and apply laws of their own accord.We must respect and safeguard human rights, and ensure the equal right to participation and development for all members of society in accordance with the law.Party organizations at all levels and all Party members must act under the Constitution and laws on their own initiative and take the lead in upholding the authority of the Constitution and laws.4.Expand the patriotic united front and unite with all forces that can be united.Promoting harmony in relations between political parties, between ethnic groups, between religions, between social strata, and between our compatriots at home and overseas plays an irreplaceable role in enhancing unity and pooling strengths.Acting onthe principle of long-term coexistence, mutual oversight, sincerity, and sharing of both good and bad times, we will strengthen our cooperation with the democratic parties, support them and personages without party affiliation in better performing their functions of participation in the deliberation and administration of state affairs and democratic oversight, and select and recommend a

關系的和諧，對于增進團結、凝聚力量具有不可替代的作用。要貫徹長期共存、互相監督、肝膽相照、榮辱與共的方針，加強同民主黨派合作共事，支持民主黨派和無黨派人士更好履行參政議政、民主監督職能，選拔和推薦更多優秀黨外干部擔任領導職務。牢牢把握各民族共同團結奮斗、共同繁榮發展的主題，保障少數民族合法權益，鞏固和發展平等團結互助和諧的社會主義民族關系。全面貫徹黨的宗教工作基本方針，發揮宗教界人士和信教群眾在促進經濟社會發展中的積極作用。鼓勵新的社會階層人士積極投身中國特色社會主義建設。認真貫徹黨的僑務政策，支持海外僑胞、歸僑僑眷關心和參與祖國現代化建設與和平統一大業。

（五）加快行政管理體制改革，建設服務型政府。行政管理體制改革是深化改革的重要環節。要抓緊制定行政管理體制改革總體方案，著力轉變職能、理順關系、優化結構、提高效能，形成權責一致、分工合理、決策科學、執行順暢、監督有力的行政管理體制。健全政府職責體系，完善公共服務體系，推行電子政務，強化社會管理和公共服務。加快推進政企分開、政資分開、政事分開、政府與市場中介組織分開，規范行政行為，加強行政執法部門建設，減少和規范行政審批，減少政府對微觀經濟運行的干預。規范垂直管理部門和地方政府的關系。加大機構整合力度，探索實行職能有機統一的大部門體制，健全部門間協調配合機制。精簡和規范各類議事協調機構及其辦事機構，減少行政層次，降低行政成本，著力解決機構重疊、職責交叉、政出多門問題。統籌黨委、十七大報告全文英漢對照 greater number of outstanding non-CPC persons for leading positions.Keeping in mind the objective of all ethnic groups working together for common prosperity and development, we must guarantee the legitimate rights and interests of ethnic minorities, and strengthen and develop socialist ethnic relations based on equality, solidarity, mutual assistance and harmony.We will fully implement the Party's basic principle for its work related to religious affairs and bring into play the positive role of religious personages and believers in promoting economic and social development.We encourage members of emerging social strata to take an active part in building socialism with Chinese characteristics.We will conscientiously follow the Party's policy on overseas Chinese affairs and support overseas Chinese nationals, returned overseas Chinese and their relatives in caring about and participating in the modernization drive and the great cause of peaceful reunification of the motherland.5.Accelerate the reform of the administrative system and build a service-oriented government.The administrative reform is an important part of the efforts to deepen China's overall reform.We must lose no time in working out a master plan for it, with the focus on changing functions, straightening out relations, optimizing the setup and raising efficiency, and bring about a system which matches powers with responsibilities, divides work in a rational way, fosters scientific decision-making, and ensures smooth enforcement and effective oversight.We need to improve the government responsibility system and the public service system, promote e-government and strengthen social management and public services.We will accelerate the separation of the functions of the government from those of enterprises, state assets management authorities, public institutions and market-based intermediaries, standardize administrative practices, strengthen administrative law-enforcement agencies, reduce the number of matters requiring administrative examination and approval and standardize such procedures, and reduce government intervention in microeconomic operations.We will standardize the relationship between local departments directly under central

政府和人大、政協機構設置，減少領導職數，嚴格控制編制。加快推進事業單位分類改革。

（六）完善制約和監督機制，保證人民賦予的權力始終用來為人民謀利益。確保權力正確行使，必須讓權力在陽光下運行。要堅持用制度管權、管事、管人，建立健全決策權、執行權、監督權既相互制約又相互協調的權力結構和運行機制。健全組織法制和程序規則，保證國家機關按照法定權限和程序行使權力、履行職責。完善各類公開辦事制度，提高政府工作透明度和公信力。重點加強對領導干部特別是主要領導干部、人財物管理使用、關鍵崗位的監督，健全質詢、問責、經濟責任審計、引咎辭職、罷免等制度。落實黨內監督條例，加強民主監督，發揮好輿論監督作用，增強監督合力和實效。

社會主義愈發展，民主也愈發展。在發展中國特色社會主義的歷史進程中，中國共產黨人和中國人民一定能夠不斷發展具有強大生命力的社會主義民主政治。

十七大報告全文英漢對照 government organs and local governments.We will step up our efforts to streamline government organs, explore ways to establish greater departments with integrated functions, and improve the mechanism of coordination and collaboration between government departments.We will downsize and standardize various organs for deliberation and coordination and their working offices, cut down levels of administration, minimize its costs, and address the problems of overlapping organizations and functions and conflicting policies from different departments.We will give overall consideration to the setup of Party committees and governments as well as that of people's congresses and CPPCC committees, reduce the number of their leading positions and strictly control their staffing.We will step up the restructuring of different categories of public institutions.6.Improve the mechanism of restraint and oversight and ensure that power entrusted by the people is always exercised in their interests.Power must be exercised in the sunshine to ensure that it is exercised correctly.We must have institutions to govern power, work and personnel, and establish a sound structure of power and a mechanism for its operation in which decision-making, enforcement and oversight powers check each other and function in coordination.We will improve organic laws and rules of procedure to ensure that state organs exercise their powers and perform their functions and responsibilities within their statutory jurisdiction and in accordance with legal procedures.We will improve the open administrative system in various areas and increase transparency in government work, thus enhancing the people's trust in the government.We will focus on tightening oversight over leading cadres and especially principal ones, over the management and use of human, financial and material resources, and over key positions.We will improve the systems of inquiries, accountability, economic responsibility auditing, resignation and recall.We will implement the intra-Party oversight regulations, strengthen democratic oversight and give scope to the oversight role of public opinion, pooling forces of oversight from all sides to make it more effective.36

十七大報告全文英漢對照 Democracy will keep developing along with the progress of socialism.In the historical course of developing socialism with Chinese characteristics, Chinese Communists and the Chinese people will surely advance socialist democracy that is full of vitality.VII.Promoting Vigorous Development and Prosperity of Socialist Culture In the present era, culture has become a more and more important source of national cohesion and creativity and a factor of growing significance in the competition in overall national strength, and the Chinese people have an increasingly ardent desire for a richer cultural life.We must keep to the orientation of advanced socialist culture, bring about a new upsurge in socialist cultural development, stimulate the cultural creativity of the whole nation, and enhance culture as part of the soft power of our country to better guarantee the people's basic cultural rights and interests, enrich the cultural life in Chinese society and inspire the enthusiasm of the people for progress.1.Build up the system of socialist core values and make socialist ideology more attractive and cohesive.The system of socialist core values represents the essence of socialist ideology.We must consolidate the guiding position of Marxism, persistently arm the whole Party with and educate the people in the latest achievements in adapting Marxism to Chinese conditions, rally the people with our common ideal of socialism with Chinese characteristics, inspire the people with patriotism-centered national spirit and with the spirit of the times centering on reform and innovation, guide social ethos with the socialist maxims of honor and disgrace, and solidify the common ideological basis of the joint endeavor of the whole Party and the people of all ethnic groups.We will make every effort to carry out theoretical innovation and give Marxism of contemporary China distinct characters of practice, of the Chinese nation and of the times.We will publicize the theories of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and take Marxism of contemporary China to the general public.We will carry on the Project to Study and Develop Marxist

七、推動社會主義文化大發展大繁榮 當今時代，文化越來越成為民族凝聚力和創造力的重要源泉、越來越成為綜合國力競爭的重要因素，豐富精神文化生活越來越成為我國人民的熱切愿望。要堅持社會主義先進文化前進方向，興起社會主義文化建設新高潮，激發全民族文化創造活力，提高國家文化軟實力，使人民基本文化權益得到更好保障，使社會文化生活更加豐富多彩，使人民精神風貌更加昂揚向上。

（一）建設社會主義核心價值體系，增強社會主義意識形態的吸引力和凝聚力。社會主義核心價值體系是社會主義意識形態的本質體現。要鞏固馬克思主義指導地位，堅持不懈地用馬克思主義中國化最新成果武裝全黨、教育人民，用中國特色社會主義共同理想凝聚力量，用以愛國主義為核心的民族精神和以改革創新為核心的時代精神鼓舞斗志，用社會主義榮辱觀引領風尚，鞏固全黨全國各族人民團結奮斗的共同思想基礎。大力推進理論創新，不斷賦予當代中國馬克思主義鮮明的實踐特色、民族特色、時代特色。開展中國特色社會主義理論體系宣傳普及活動，推動當代中國馬克思主義大眾化。推進馬克思主義理論研究和建設工程，深入回答重大理論和實際問題，培養造就一批馬克思主義理論家特別是中青年理論家。切實把社會主義核心價值體系融入國民教育和精神文明建設全過程，轉化為人民的自覺追求。積極探索用社會主義核心價值體系引領社會思潮的有效途徑，主動做好意識形態工作，既尊重差異、包容多樣，又有力抵制各種錯誤和腐朽

十七大報告全文英漢對照 Theory to provide in-depth answers to major theoretical and practical questions and to bring up a group of Marxist theoreticians, especially young and middle-aged ones.We will incorporate the socialist core values into all stages of national education and the entire process of cultural and ethical progress to make them the targets pursued by the people of their own accord.We will explore effective ways of letting the system of socialist core values guide trends of thought and take the initiative in ideological work, respecting divergence and allowing diversity while effectively resisting the influence of erroneous and decadent ideas.We will develop philosophy and social sciences, promoting innovation in academic disciplines, academic viewpoints and research methods.We encourage people working in these fields to serve as a think tank for the cause of the Party and the people, and we will introduce related outstanding achievements and distinguished scholars to the world arena.2.Foster a culture of harmony and cultivate civilized practices.A culture of harmony provides important intellectual support for the unity and progress of all our people.We must step up the development of the press, publishing, radio, film, television, literature and art, give correct guidance to the public and foster healthy social trends.We must balance cultural development between urban and rural areas and among different regions, focusing on enriching the cultural life in rural and remote areas and of rural migrant workers in cities.We will strengthen efforts to develop and manage Internet culture and foster a good cyber environment.We will promote patriotism, collectivism and socialist ideology.With the emphasis on enhancing people's awareness of integrity, we will promote social ethics, professional codes of conduct, family virtues and individual morality, let paragons of virtue serve as role models for society, and guide people in conscientiously carrying out legal obligations and social and family responsibilities.We will strengthen and improve our ideological and political work, paying attention to compassionate care and psychological counseling and correctly handling interpersonal relations.We will mobilize all sectors of society in doing

思想的影響。繁榮發展哲學社會科學，推進學科體系、學術觀點、科研方法創新，鼓勵哲學社會科學界為黨和人民事業發揮思想庫作用，推動我國哲學社會科學優秀成果和優秀人才走向世界。

（二）建設和諧文化，培育文明風尚。和諧文化是全體人民團結進步的重要精神支撐。要積極發展新聞出版、廣播影視、文學藝術事業，堅持正確導向，弘揚社會正氣。重視城鄉、區域文化協調發展，著力豐富農村、偏遠地區、進城務工人員的精神文化生活。加強網絡文化建設和管理，營造良好網絡環境。大力弘揚愛國主義、集體主義、社會主義思想，以增強誠信意識為重點，加強社會公德、職業道德、家庭美德、個人品德建設，發揮道德模范榜樣作用，引導人們自覺履行法定義務、社會責任、家庭責任。加強和改進思想政治工作，注重人文關懷和心理疏導，用正確方式處理人際關系。動員社會各方面共同做好青少年思想道德教育工作，為青少年健康成長創造良好社會環境。深入開展群眾性精神文明創建活動，完善社會志愿服務體系，形成男女平等、尊老愛幼、互愛互助、見義勇為的社會風尚。弘揚科學精神，普及科學知識。廣泛開展全民健身運動。辦好二００八年奧運會、殘奧會和二０一０年世博會。

（三）弘揚中華文化，建設中華民族共有精神家園。中華文化是中華民族生生不息、團結奮進的不竭動力。要全面認識祖國傳統文化，取其精華，去其糟粕，十七大報告全文英漢對照 a good job of ideological and moral education among young people and create a favorable environment for their healthy development.We will carry out intensive activities to promote cultural and ethical progress among the public, improve the system of voluntary public services, and encourage practices such as upholding gender equality, respecting the elderly, caring for the young, showing concern for and helping each other and coming to the rescue of others even at risk to oneself.We will promote the scientific spirit and spread scientific knowledge.We will launch extensive public fitness programs and ensure the success of the 2008 Olympic Games and the Paralympics in Beijing and the 2010 World Exposition in Shanghai.3.Promote Chinese culture and build the common spiritual home for the Chinese nation.Chinese culture has been an unfailing driving force for the Chinese nation to keep its unity and make progress from generation to generation.We must have a comprehensive understanding of traditional Chinese culture, keep its essence and discard its dross to enable it to fit in with present-day society, stay in harmony with modern civilization, keep its national character and reflect changes of the times.We will further publicize the fine traditions of Chinese culture and use modern means of science and technology to exploit the rich resources of our national culture.We will explore and better protect the cultures of all ethnic groups, attach great importance to the protection of cultural relics and intangible cultural heritage and do a good job collating ancient books and records.We will also strengthen international cultural exchanges to draw on the fine achievements of foreign cultures and enhance the influence of Chinese culture worldwide.4.Stimulate cultural innovation and enhance the vitality of cultural development.The only way to invigorate culture is to promote innovation in its content and form, its structure and mechanism, and its means of dissemination from the high starting point of our times and release and develop its productive forces.We must keep to the orientation of serving the people and socialism, upholdthe principle of letting a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend, and maintain close contact with

使之與當代社會相適應、與現代文明相協調，保持民族性，體現時代性。加強中華優秀文化傳統教育，運用現代科技手段開發利用民族文化豐厚資源。加強對各民族文化的挖掘和保護，重視文物和非物質文化遺產保護，做好文化典籍整理工作。加強對外文化交流，吸收各國優秀文明成果，增強中華文化國際影響力。

（四）推進文化創新，增強文化發展活力。在時代的高起點上推動文化內容形式、體制機制、傳播手段創新，解放和發展文化生產力，是繁榮文化的必由之路。要堅持為人民服務、為社會主義服務的方向和百花齊放、百家爭鳴的方針，貼近實際、貼近生活、貼近群眾，始終把社會效益放在首位，做到經濟效益與社會效益相統一。創作更多反映人民主體地位和現實生活、群眾喜聞樂見的優秀精神文化產品。深化文化體制改革，完善扶持公益性文化事業、發展文化產業、鼓勵文化創新的政策，營造有利于出精品、出人才、出效益的環境。堅持把發展公益性文化事業作為保障人民基本文化權益的主要途徑，加大投入力度，加強社區和鄉村文化設施建設。大力發展文化產業，實施重大文化產業項目帶動戰略，加快文化產業基地和區域性特色文化產業群建設，培育文化產業骨干企業和戰略投資者，繁榮文化市場，增強國際競爭力。運用高新技術創新文化生產方式，培育新的文化業態，加快構建傳輸快捷、覆蓋廣泛的文化傳播體系。設立國家榮譽制度，表彰有杰出貢獻的文化工作者。

十七大報告全文英漢對照 reality, life and the public.We must always give top priority to social benefits and try to ensure both good economic returns and social benefits.We must create more excellent, popular works that reflect the people's principal position in the country and their real life.We must deepen cultural restructuring and improve the policies for supporting nonprofit cultural programs, developing the cultural industry and encouraging cultural innovation, so as to create favorable conditions for producing fine works, outstanding personnel and good results.We must continue to develop nonprofit cultural programs as the main approach to ensuring the basic cultural rights and interests of the people, increase spending on such programs, and build more cultural facilities in urban communities and rural areas.We must vigorously develop the cultural industry, launch major projects to lead the industry as a whole, speed up development of cultural industry bases and clusters of cultural industries with regional features, nurture key enterprises and strategic investors, create a thriving cultural market and enhance the industry's international competitiveness.We will use new and high technology to create new ways of producing cultural works, foster new forms of operation in the cultural industry and accelerate the establishment of a dissemination system featuring fast communication and wide coverage.We will establish a national system of honors for outstanding cultural workers.The great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation will definitely be accompanied by the thriving of Chinese culture.We will give full scope to the principal position of the people in cultural development, arouse the enthusiasm of cultural workers, promote vigorous development and prosperity of culture more conscientiously and actively, and create cultural works in the great practice of socialism with Chinese characteristics, so that the people will share in the benefits of cultural development.VIII.Accelerating Social Development with the Focus on Improving People's Livelihood Social development is closely related to the people's well-being.More importance must therefore be

中華民族偉大復興必然伴隨著中華文化繁榮興盛。要充分發揮人民在文化建設中的主體作用，調動廣大文化工作者的積極性，更加自覺、更加主動地推動文化大發展大繁榮，在中國特色社會主義的偉大實踐中進行文化創造，讓人民共享文化發展成果。

八、加快推進以改善民生為重點的社會建設

社會建設與人民幸福安康息息相關。必須在經濟發展的基礎上，更加注重社會

十七大報告全文英漢對照 attached to social development on the basis of economic growth to ensure and improve people's livelihood, carry out social restructuring, expand public services, improve social management and promote social equity and justice.We must do our best to ensure that all our people enjoy their rights to education, employment, medical and old-age care, and housing, so as to build a harmonious society.1.Give priority to education and turn China into a country rich in human resources.Education is the cornerstone of national rejuvenation, and equal access to education provides an important underpinning for social equity.We must implement the Party's educational policy to the letter, focus on educating students with top priority given to cultivating their moral integrity, improve their overall quality, modernize the educational system, and train socialist builders and successors who have all-round attainments in moral, intellectual, physical and aesthetic education.All this is designed to run education to the satisfaction of the people.We will optimize the educational structure, promote balanced development of compulsory education, move faster toward universal access to senior secondary education, vigorously develop vocational education, and improve the quality of higher education.We will also attach importance to pre-school education and care about special education.We will update our views on education and deepen reform in curricula, modes of instruction, the systems of examination and enrollment, and the system for evaluating educational quality.We will ease the study load of primary and secondary school students and improve their overall quality.We will continue to run education on a nonprofit basis, increase government spending on education, regulate the collection of education-related fees, support the development of education in poverty-stricken and ethnic autonomous areas, improve the system of financial aid to students, and ensure that children from poor families and of rural migrant workers in cities enjoy equal access to compulsory education as other children.We will build up the ranks of teachers, with the emphasis on improving the quality of teachers in rural areas.We will

建設，著力保障和改善民生，推進社會體制改革，擴大公共服務，完善社會管理，促進社會公平正義，努力使全體人民學有所教、勞有所得、病有所醫、老有所養、住有所居，推動建設和諧社會。

（一）優先發展教育，建設人力資源強國。教育是民族振興的基石，教育公平是社會公平的重要基礎。要全面貫徹黨的教育方針，堅持育人為本、德育為先，實施素質教育，提高教育現代化水平，培養德智體美全面發展的社會主義建設者和接班人，辦好人民滿意的教育。優化教育結構，促進義務教育均衡發展，加快普及高中階段教育，大力發展職業教育，提高高等教育質量。重視學前教育，關心特殊教育。更新教育觀念，深化教學內容方式、考試招生制度、質量評價制度等改革，減輕中小學生課業負擔，提高學生綜合素質。堅持教育公益性質，加大財政對教育投入，規范教育收費，扶持貧困地區、民族地區教育，健全學生資助制度，保障經濟困難家庭、進城務工人員子女平等接受義務教育。加強教師隊伍建設，重點提高農村教師素質。鼓勵和規范社會力量興辦教育。發展遠程教育和繼續教育，建設全民學習、終身學習的學習型社會。

（二）實施擴大就業的發展戰略，促進以創業帶動就業。就業是民生之本。要堅持實施積極的就業政策，加強政府引導，完善市場就業機制，擴大就業規模，改善就業結構。完善支持自主創業、自謀職業政策，加強就業觀念教育，使更

十七大報告全文英漢對照 encourage and regulate educational programs run by nongovernmental sectors.Distance learning and continuing education will be promoted to make ours a society in which every citizen is committed to learning and pursues lifelong learning.2.Implement a development strategy that promotes job creation and encourage entrepreneurship to create more employment opportunities.Employment is vital to people's livelihood.We will continue to follow a proactive employment policy, strengthen government guidance,improve the market mechanism for employment, create more jobs and improve the employment structure.We will improve policies to encourage people to start businesses or find jobs on their own and promote a healthy attitude toward employment so that more people in the labor force will launch their own businesses.We will improve vocational education and training for the labor force and intensify pre-employment training for surplus labor transferred from rural areas.We will establish a unified, standardized labor market and a mechanism that ensures equal employment opportunities for both urban and rural residents.We will improve employment assistance to the needy and make it a priority to help zero-employment families to have job opportunities.We will do our best to help college graduates find jobs.We will regulate and coordinate labor relations, improve and implement government policies concerning rural migrant workers in cities, and protect the rights and interests of every worker in accordance with the law.3.Deepen reform of the income distribution system and increase the income of urban and rural residents.Equitable income distribution is an important indication of social equity.We will adhere to and improve the system whereby distribution according to work remains the predominant mode and coexists with various other modes.We will improve the distribution system to allow factors of production such as labor, capital, technology and managerial expertise to have a rightful share according to their respective contribution.A proper balance will be struck between efficiency and equity in both primary distribution and redistribution, with particular emphasis on equity in

多勞動者成為創業者。健全面向全體勞動者的職業教育培訓制度，加強農村富余勞動力轉移就業培訓。建立統一規范的人力資源市場，形成城鄉勞動者平等就業的制度。完善面向所有困難群眾的就業援助制度，及時幫助零就業家庭解決就業困難。積極做好高校畢業生就業工作。規范和協調勞動關系，完善和落實國家對農民工的政策，依法維護勞動者權益。

（三）深化收入分配制度改革，增加城鄉居民收入。合理的收入分配制度是社會公平的重要體現。要堅持和完善按勞分配為主體、多種分配方式并存的分配制度，健全勞動、資本、技術、管理等生產要素按貢獻參與分配的制度，初次分配和再分配都要處理好效率和公平的關系，再分配更加注重公平。逐步提高居民收入在國民收入分配中的比重，提高勞動報酬在初次分配中的比重。著力提高低收入者收入，逐步提高扶貧標準和最低工資標準，建立企業職工工資正常增長機制和支付保障機制。創造條件讓更多群眾擁有財產性收入。保護合法收入，調節過高收入，取締非法收入。擴大轉移支付，強化稅收調節，打破經營壟斷，創造機會公平，整頓分配秩序，逐步扭轉收入分配差距擴大趨勢。

（四）加快建立覆蓋城鄉居民的社會保障體系，保障人民基本生活。社會保障是社會安定的重要保證。要以社會保險、社會救助、社會福利為基礎，以基

十七大報告全文英漢對照 redistribution.We will gradually increase the share of personal income in the distribution of national income, and raise that of work remuneration in primary distribution.Vigorous efforts will be made to raise the income of low-income groups, gradually increase poverty-alleviation aid and the minimum wage, and set up a mechanism of regular pay increases for enterprise employees anda mechanism for guaranteeing payment of their salaries.Conditions will be created to enable more citizens to have property income.We will protect lawful incomes, regulate excessively high incomes and ban illegal gains.We will increase transfer payments, intensify the regulation of incomes through taxation, break business monopolies, create equal opportunities, and overhaul income distribution practices with a view to gradually reversing the growing income disparity.4.Accelerate the establishment of a social security system covering both urban and rural residents and guarantee their basic living conditions.Social security is an important guarantee of social stability.We will step up the building of a sound social security system that is based on social insurance, assistance and welfare, with basic old-age pension, basic medical care and subsistence allowances as its backbone, and supplemented by charity and commercial insurance.We will promote reform of basic old-age insurance systems in enterprises, Party and government organs and public institutions and explore ways to set up an old-age insurance system in rural areas.We will promote the development of basic medical insurance systems for urban workers and residents and a new type of cooperative medical care system in rural areas.We will improve the system of subsistence allowances for both urban and rural residents and gradually increase such allowances.We will improve the systems of unemployment, workers' compensation and maternity insurances.We will upgrade management of social security funds to higher-level authorities and work out unified methods fortransferring social security accounts nationwide.We will provide more social security funds through various means and strengthen their oversight and management to maintain and increase their value.We will improve

本養老、基本醫療、最低生活保障制度為重點，以慈善事業、商業保險為補充，加快完善社會保障體系。促進企業、機關、事業單位基本養老保險制度改革，探索建立農村養老保險制度。全面推進城鎮職工基本醫療保險、城鎮居民基本醫療保險、新型農村合作醫療制度建設。完善城鄉居民最低生活保障制度，逐步提高保障水平。完善失業、工傷、生育保險制度。提高統籌層次，制定全國統一的社會保險關系轉續辦法。采取多種方式充實社會保障基金，加強基金監管，實現保值增值。健全社會救助體系。做好優撫安置工作。發揚人道主義精神，發展殘疾人事業。加強老齡工作。強化防災減災工作。健全廉租住房制度，加快解決城市低收入家庭住房困難。

（五）建立基本醫療衛生制度，提高全民健康水平。健康是人全面發展的基礎，關系千家萬戶幸福。要堅持公共醫療衛生的公益性質，堅持預防為主、以農村為重點、中西醫并重，實行政事分開、管辦分開、醫藥分開、營利性和非營利性分開，強化政府責任和投入，完善國民健康政策，鼓勵社會參與，建設覆蓋城鄉居民的公共衛生服務體系、醫療服務體系、醫療保障體系、藥品供應保障體系，為群眾提供安全、有效、方便、價廉的醫療衛生服務。完善重大疾病防控體系，提高突發公共衛生事件應急處置能力。加強農村三級衛生服務網絡和城市社區衛生服務體系建設，深化公立醫院改革。建立國家基本藥物制度，保證群眾基本用藥。扶持中醫藥和民族醫藥事業發展。加強醫德醫風建

十七大報告全文英漢對照 social assistance.We will do a good job providing special assistance to families of martyrs and servicemen and helping demobilized military personnel return to civilian life.We will promote programs for the disabled in a humanitarian spirit.We will develop more programs for the elderly.We will intensify our efforts in disaster prevention and reduction.We will improve the low-rent housing system and speed up resolution of the housing difficulties of low-income families in urban areas.5.Establish a basic medical and health care system and improve the health of the whole nation.Health provides the foundation for people's all-round development and has a direct bearing on the happiness of each family.We must maintain the public welfare nature of public medical and health care services, always put disease prevention first, center on rural areas and attach equal importance to traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine.We will separate government administration from medical institutions, management from operation, medical care from pharmaceuticals, and for-profit from nonprofit operations.We will increase government responsibilities and spending, improve the national health policy, and encourage greater participation of nongovernmental sectors so as to develop systems of public health services, medical services, medical security and medicine supply to provide both urban and rural residents with safe, effective, convenient and affordable medical and health services.We will improve the system to prevent and control the outbreak of major diseases and enhance our capacity to respond to public health emergencies.We will improve the three-tier rural health care network spanning the county, township and village and the urban community-based health care system, and deepen reform of public hospitals.We will set up a national system for basic pharmaceuticals to ensure their supply.We will support the development of traditional Chinese medicine and the folk medicines of ethnic minorities.We will work harder to improve the professional ethics and style of work of health workers and the quality of medical services.We must ensure food and drug safety.We will adhere to the basic state

設，提高醫療服務質量。確保食品藥品安全。堅持計劃生育的基本國策，穩定低生育水平，提高出生人口素質。開展愛國衛生運動，發展婦幼衛生事業。

（六）完善社會管理，維護社會安定團結。社會穩定是人民群眾的共同心愿，是改革發展的重要前提。要健全黨委領導、政府負責、社會協同、公眾參與的社會管理格局，健全基層社會管理體制。最大限度激發社會創造活力，最大限度增加和諧因素，最大限度減少不和諧因素。妥善處理人民內部矛盾，完善信訪制度，健全黨和政府主導的維護群眾權益機制。重視社會組織建設和管理。加強流動人口服務和管理。堅持安全發展，強化安全生產管理和監督，有效遏制重特大安全事故。完善突發事件應急管理機制。健全社會治安防控體系，加強社會治安綜合治理，深入開展平安創建活動，改革和加強城鄉社區警務工作，依法防范和打擊違法犯罪活動，保障人民生命財產安全。完善國家安全戰略，健全國家安全體制，高度警惕和堅決防范各種分裂、滲透、顛覆活動，切實維護國家安全。

和諧社會要靠全社會共同建設。我們要緊緊依靠人民，調動一切積極因素，努力形成社會和諧人人有責、和諧社會人

十七大報告全文英漢對照 policy of family planning, keep the birthrate low and make the newborns healthier.We will launch patriotic sanitation campaigns and develop health care programs for women and children.6.Improve social management and safeguard social stability and unity.Social stability is the common aspiration of the people and an important prerequisite for reform and development.We need to improve the structure of social management comprising Party committee leadership, government responsibility, nongovernmental support and public participation, and improve the system of social management at the primary level.We will stimulate the creativity of society to the greatest extent, maximize factors conducive to harmony and minimize those detrimental to it.We will properly handle contradictions among the people, improve the system for handling complaints in the form of letters and visits from the public, and strengthen the mechanism for safeguarding the rights and interests of the people in which the Party and the government play the leading role.We will attach importance to the development and management of social organizations.We will improve services for and management of the floating population.We must ensure safe development by strengthening management and oversight of work safety and taking effective measures to prevent serious or exceptionally serious accidents.We will improve the mechanism of emergency management.We will improvethe crime prevention and control system, maintain law and order through comprehensive measures, launch intensive campaigns to ensure public security, reform and step up community policing in both urban and rural areas, and prevent and crack down on crime in accordance with the law to protect people's lives and property.We will improve the strategy and mechanism for national security, and keep high vigilance against and resolutely forestall separatist, infiltrative and subversive activities in various forms to safeguard national security.It requires joint efforts of the whole society to build a harmonious society.We must therefore rely firmly on the people and mobilize all positive factors to create a lively situation in which everyone is duty-bound to

人共享的生動局面。

十七大報告全文英漢對照 work for and benefits from social harmony.IX.Opening Up New Prospects for Modernization of National Defense and the Armed Forces To strengthen national defense and the armed forces occupies an important place in the overall arrangements for the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics.Bearing in mind the overall strategic interests of national security and development, we must take both economic and national defense development into consideration and make our country prosperous and our armed forces powerful while building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.For the armed forces to fully carry out the historical missions assigned by the Party and the people at this new stage in the new century, we must always follow the guidance of Mao Zedong's military thinking, Deng Xiaoping's thinking on building the armed forces in the new period and Jiang Zemin's thinking on building national defense and the armed forces, and take the Scientific Outlook on Development as an important guiding principle for strengthening national defense and the armed forces.We must implement the military strategy for the new period, accelerate the revolution in military affairs with Chinese characteristics, ensure military preparedness, and enhance the military's capability to respond to various security threats and accomplish diverse military tasks.We are determined to safeguard China's sovereignty, security and territorial integrity and help maintain world peace.To make the armed forces more revolutionary, modernized and standardized is an integrated endeavor, and balanced progress must be made in all the three aspects.We must always adhere to the fundamental principle of the Party exercising absolute leadership over the armed forces and the fundamental purpose of the armed forces serving the people.We will educate the military in its historical missions, ideals, beliefs, combat-ready spirit and the socialist maxims of honor and disgrace, and ensure that it carries forward its fine traditions of following the Party's orders, serving the people and fighting valiantly and skillfully.We must build strong armed

九、開創國防和軍隊現代化建設新局面

國防和軍隊建設，在中國特色社會主義事業總體布局中占有重要地位。必須站在國家安全和發展戰略全局的高度，統籌經濟建設和國防建設，在全面建設小康社會進程中實現富國和強軍的統一。

全面履行黨和人民賦予的新世紀新階段軍隊歷史使命，必須堅持以毛澤東軍事思想、鄧小平新時期軍隊建設思想、江澤民國防和軍隊建設思想為指導，把科學發展觀作為國防和軍隊建設的重要指導方針，貫徹新時期軍事戰略方針，加快中國特色軍事變革，做好軍事斗爭準備，提高軍隊應對多種安全威脅、完成多樣化軍事任務的能力，堅決維護國家主權、安全、領土完整，為維護世界和平貢獻力量。

軍隊革命化、現代化、正規化建設是統一的整體，必須全面加強、協調推進。要始終堅持黨對軍隊絕對領導的根本原則和人民軍隊的根本宗旨，深入進行軍隊歷史使命、理想信念、戰斗精神和社會主義榮辱觀教育，大力弘揚聽黨指揮、服務人民、英勇善戰的優良傳統。堅持科技強軍，按照建設信息化軍隊、打贏信息化戰爭的戰略目標，加快機械化和信息化復合發展，積極開展信息化條件下軍事訓練，全面建設現代后勤，加緊培養大批高素質新型軍事人才，切實轉變戰斗力生成模式。堅持依法治軍、從嚴治軍，完善軍事法規，加強科學管理。

十七大報告全文英漢對照 forces through science and technology.To attain the strategic objective of building computerized armed forces and winning IT-based warfare, we will accelerate composite development of mechanization and computerization, carry out military training under IT-based conditions, modernize every aspect of logistics, intensify our efforts to train a new type of high-caliber military personnel in large numbers and change the mode of generating combat capabilities.We must run the armed forces in accordance with the law, enforce strict discipline, improve relevant laws and regulations and strengthen scientific management.In keeping with the new trends in world military affairs and the new requirements of China's development, we must promote innovation in military theory, technology, organization and management.We will adjust and reform the structure, staffing, policies and institutions of the armed forces to gradually develop a complete set of scientific modes of organization, institutions and ways of operation with Chinese characteristics and in conformity with the laws governing the development of modern armed forces.We will adjust and reform the systems of defense-related science, technology and industry and of weapons and equipment procurement, and enhance our capacity for independent innovation in R&D of weapons and equipment with better quality and cost-effectiveness.We will establish sound systems of weapons and equipment research and manufacturing, military personnel training and logistics that integrate military with civilian purposes and combine military efforts with civilian support, build the armed forces through diligence and thrift, and blaze a path of development with Chinese characteristics featuring military and civilian integration.We will enrich and develop military sciences by carefully studying the features and laws of building and running the armed forces and the strategies and tactics for people's war under the new historical conditions.We will raise the people's awareness of national defense, strengthen national defense mobilization by improving the mobilization system, and enhance the quality of the reserves and the militia.We will

適應世界軍事發展新趨勢和我國發展新要求，推進軍事理論、軍事技術、軍事組織、軍事管理創新。調整改革軍隊體制編制和政策制度，逐步形成一整套既有中國特色又符合現代軍隊建設規律的科學的組織模式、制度安排和運作方式。調整改革國防科技工業體制和武器裝備采購體制，提高武器裝備研制的自主創新能力和質量效益。建立和完善軍民結合、寓軍于民的武器裝備科研生產體系、軍隊人才培養體系和軍隊保障體系，堅持勤儉建軍，走出一條中國特色軍民融合式發展路子。深入研究新的歷史條件下建軍治軍特點規律和人民戰爭戰略戰術，繁榮和發展軍事科學。

增強全民國防觀念，完善國防動員體系，加強國防動員建設，提高預備役部隊和民兵建設質量。加強人民武裝警察部隊建設，更好履行維護國家安全和社會穩定、保障人民安居樂業的職責使命。堅持擁軍優屬、擁政愛民，積極開展軍民共建，鞏固軍政軍民團結。各級黨組織、政府和人民群眾要一如既往支持國防和軍隊建設，軍隊要繼續為經濟社會發展作貢獻。

十七大報告全文英漢對照 strengthen the People's Armed Police so that it can better fulfill its duties of safeguarding national security and social stability and ensuring that the people live and work in peace.We must ensure that the government and the people support the military and give preferential treatment to the families of servicemen and martyrs, and that the military supports the government and cherishes the people.We will energetically encourage the military and the people to work together to promote cultural and ethical progress, and consolidate the solidarity between the military and the government and between the military and the people.Party organizations and governments at all levels and the general public will, as always, support efforts to strengthen national defense and the armed forces, and the military will continue to contribute to economic and social development.X.Carrying Forward the Practice of “One Country, Two Systems” and Advancing the Great Cause of Peaceful National Reunification Since the return of Hong Kong and Macao to the motherland, more and more experience has been gained in putting into practicethe principle of “one country, two systems.” The principle is perfectly correct and full of vigor.To realize China's peaceful reunification on this principle accords with the fundamental interests of the Chinese nation.A major task the Party faces in running the country in the new circumstances is to ensure long-term prosperity and stability in Hong Kong and Macao.We will unswervingly implement the principle of “one country, two systems,” under which Hong Kong people administer Hong Kong and Macao people administer Macao with a high degree of autonomy, and act in strict accordance with the basic laws of the two special administrative regions.We will render full support to the governments of the two regions in their administration in accordance with the law and in their efforts to promote economic growth, improve people's lives and advance democracy.We encourage people from all walks of life in Hong Kong and Macao to work with one accord to promote social amity under the banner of love for the motherland and devotion to their

十、推進“一國兩制”實踐和祖國和平統一大業

香港、澳門回歸祖國以來，“一國兩制”實踐日益豐富。“一國兩制”是完全正確的，具有強大生命力。按照“一國兩制”實現祖國和平統一，符合中華民族根本利益。

保持香港、澳門長期繁榮穩定是黨在新形勢下治國理政面臨的重大課題。我們將堅定不移地貫徹“一國兩制”、“港人治港”、“澳人治澳”、高度自治的方針，嚴格按照特別行政區基本法辦事；全力支持特別行政區政府依法施政，著力發展經濟、改善民生、推進民主；鼓勵香港、澳門各界人士在愛國愛港、愛國愛澳旗幟下和衷共濟，促進社會和睦；加強內地與香港、澳門交流合作，實現優勢互補、共同發展；積極支持香港、澳門開展對外交往，堅決反對外部勢力干預香港、澳門事務。香港同胞、澳門同胞完全有智慧有能力管理好、建設好香港、澳門，香港、澳門已經并將繼續為國家現代化建設發揮重要作用，偉大祖國永遠是香港、澳門繁榮穩定的堅強后

十七大報告全文英漢對照 respective regions.We will increase exchanges and cooperation between the mainland and the two regions so that they can draw on each other's strengths and develop side by side.We will actively support the two regions in their external exchanges and firmly oppose attempts by any external force to interfere in their affairs.Our compatriots in Hong Kong and Macao, without doubt, have the wisdom and ability to successfully administer and develop their regions.Both regions have played and will continue to play an important role in China's modernization drive, and the great motherland will always provide them with strong backing for their prosperity and stability.To resolve the Taiwan question and achieve complete national reunification is a common aspiration of all sons and daughters of the Chinese nation.We will uphold the principle of “peaceful reunification and one country, two systems” and the eight-point proposal for developing the relations between the two sides of the Taiwan Straits and advancing the process of peaceful national reunification in the present stage.We will never waver in our commitment to the one-China principle, never abandon our efforts to achieve peaceful reunification, never change the policy of placing our hopes on the people in Taiwan and never compromise in our opposition to the secessionist activities aimed at “Taiwan independence.” With a firm grasp of the theme of peaceful development of cross-Straits relations, we will sincerely work for the well-being of our compatriots on both sides of the Straits and for peace in the Taiwan Straits region, and safeguard China's sovereignty and territorial integrity and the fundamental interests of the Chinese nation.Upholding the one-China principle constitutes the political basis for peaceful development of cross-Straits relations.Although the mainland and Taiwan are yet to be reunified, the fact that they belong to one and the same China has never changed.China is the common homeland for the compatriots on both sides of the Straits, who have every reason to join hands to safeguard and develop this homeland.We are ready to conduct exchanges, dialogue, consultations and negotiations with any political party in Taiwan on any issue as long as it recognizes that both sides of the

盾。

解決臺灣問題、實現祖國完全統一，是全體中華兒女的共同心愿。我們將遵循“和平統一、一國兩制”的方針和現階段發展兩岸關系、推進祖國和平統一進程的八項主張，堅持一個中國原則決不動搖，爭取和平統一的努力決不放棄，貫徹寄希望于臺灣人民的方針決不改變，反對“臺獨”分裂活動決不妥協，牢牢把握兩岸關系和平發展的主題，真誠為兩岸同胞謀福祉、為臺海地區謀和平，維護國家主權和領土完整，維護中華民族根本利益。

堅持一個中國原則，是兩岸關系和平發展的政治基礎。盡管兩岸尚未統一，但大陸和臺灣同屬一個中國的事實從未改變。中國是兩岸同胞的共同家園，兩岸同胞理應攜手維護好、建設好我們的共同家園。臺灣任何政黨，只要承認兩岸同屬一個中國，我們都愿意同他們交流對話、協商談判，什么問題都可以談。我們鄭重呼吁，在一個中國原則的基礎上，協商正式結束兩岸敵對狀態，達成和平協議，構建兩岸關系和平發展框架，開創兩岸關系和平發展新局面。

十三億大陸同胞和兩千三百萬臺灣同胞是血脈相連的命運共同體。凡是對臺灣同胞有利的事情，凡是對維護臺海和平有利的事情，凡是對促進祖國和平統一有利的事情，我們都會盡最大努力做

十七大報告全文英漢對照 Straits belong to one and the same China.Here we would like to make a solemn appeal: On the basis of the one-China principle, let us discuss a formal end to the state of hostility between the two sides, reach a peace agreement, construct a framework for peaceful development of cross-Straits relations, and thus usher in a new phase of peaceful development.The 1.3 billion people on the mainland and the 23 million people in Taiwan are of the same blood and share a common destiny.We will make every effort to achieve anything that serves the interests of our Taiwan compatriots, contributes to the maintenance of peace in the Taiwan Straits region, and facilitates peaceful national reunification.We understand, trust and care about our compatriots in Taiwan, and we will, therefore, continue to implement and enrich the policies and measures that benefit them, protect their legitimate rights and interests in accordance with the law, and support economic development on the west shore of the Straits in Fujian Province and in other areas where Taiwan investment is concentrated.The compatriots on both sides of the Straits need to increase contacts, strengthen economic and cultural exchanges in more areas and at higher levels and push for the resumption of direct links of mail, transport and trade, so that they will develop greater empathy and closer cooperation and work together for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.At present, the forces for “Taiwan independence” are stepping up their secessionist activities, seriously jeopardizing the peaceful development of cross-Straits relations.The compatriots on both sides need to work together to oppose and contain such activities.China's sovereignty and territorial integrity brook no division, and any matter in this regard must be decided by the entire Chinese people including our Taiwan compatriots.We are willing to make every effort with the utmost sincerity to achieve peaceful reunification of the two sides, and will never allow anyone to separate Taiwan from the motherland in any name or by any means.The two sides of the Straits are bound to be reunified in the course of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.With close solidarity and concerted efforts of all

好。我們理解、信賴、關心臺灣同胞，將繼續實施和充實惠及廣大臺灣同胞的政策措施，依法保護臺灣同胞的正當權益，支持海峽西岸和其他臺商投資相對集中地區經濟發展。兩岸同胞要加強交往，加強經濟文化交流，繼續拓展領域、提高層次，推動直接“三通”，使彼此感情更融洽、合作更深化，為實現中華民族偉大復興而共同努力。

當前，“臺獨”分裂勢力加緊進行分裂活動，嚴重危害兩岸關系和平發展。兩岸同胞要共同反對和遏制“臺獨”分裂活動。中國主權和領土完整不容分割。任何涉及中國主權和領土完整的問題，必須由包括臺灣同胞在內的全中國人民共同決定。我們愿以最大誠意、盡最大努力實現兩岸和平統一，絕不允許任何人以任何名義任何方式把臺灣從祖國分割出去。

兩岸統一是中華民族走向偉大復興的歷史必然。海內外中華兒女緊密團結、共同奮斗，祖國完全統一就一定能夠實現。

十七大報告全文英漢對照

第五篇：2008年政府工作報告下載(中英文)

11屆人大1次會議政府工作報告(全文)

國務院總理 溫家寶

各位代表：現在，我代表國務院，向大會報告本屆政府過去五年的工作，對今年工作提出建議，請予審議，并請全國政協各位委員提出意見。

一，過去五年的回顧

第十屆全國人民代表大會第一次會議以來的五年，是不平凡的五年。在中國共產黨的領導下，各級政府和全國各族人民認真貫徹黨的十六大精神，齊心協力，頑強拼搏，積極應對復雜多變的國際環境，努力克服經濟社會發展中的各種困難，戰勝了突如其來的嚴重非典疫情和歷史罕見的低溫雨雪冰凍等特大自然災害，改革開放和現代化建設取得了舉世矚目的重大成就。

——經濟建設跨上新臺階。2007年，國內生產總值達到24.66萬億元，比2002年增長65.5%，年均增長10.6%，從世界第六位上升到第四位；

全國財政收入達到5.13萬億元，增長1.71倍；外匯儲備超過1.52萬億美元。

——取消農業稅，終結了農民種田交稅的歷史。全國糧食連續四年增產，2007年產量超過1萬億斤。

——國有企業、金融、財稅、外經貿體制和行政管理體制等改革邁出重大步伐。開放型經濟進入新階段。2007年進出口總額達到2.17萬億美元，從世界第六位上升到第三位。

——創新型國家建設進展良好，涌現出一批具有重大國際影響的科技創新成果。載人航天飛行和首次月球探測工程圓滿成功。

——全面實現農村免費義務教育，這是我國教育發展史上的重要里程碑。覆蓋城鄉的公共衛生體系和基本醫療服務體系初步建立。

——城鄉公共文化體系逐步完善。文化體制改革取得重要進展，文化事業和文化產業快速發展。上海特奧會成功舉辦。北京奧運會、殘奧會和上海世博會籌備工作進展順利。

——民主法制建設取得新進步，依法行政扎實推進，保障人民權益和維護社會公平正義得到加強。

——人民生活明顯改善。五年全國新增城鎮就業5100萬人。城鎮居民人均可支配收入由2002年7703元增加到2007年13786元，農村居民人均純收入由2476元增加到4140元。社會保障體系框架初步形成。貧困人口逐年減少。

事實充分說明，過去的五年是改革開放和全面建設小康社會取得重大進展的五年，是社會生產力和綜合國力顯著增強的五年，是社會事業全面發展和人民得到更多實惠的五年，是我國國際地位和影響不斷提高的五年。

五年來，我們樹立和落實科學發展觀，著力發展經濟、深化改革開放、保障和改善民生，促進社會和諧，付出了巨大努力，做了大量工作。

(一)加強和改善宏觀調控，促進經濟平穩快速發展

我們圍繞解決經濟運行中的突出矛盾，注重宏觀調控的預見性、及時性和有效性。幾年來，針對固定資產投資增長過快、貨幣信貸投放過多、外貿順差過大，以及農業基礎薄弱等經濟發展中的不穩定、不協調、不可持續的問題，嚴把土地、信貸兩個閘門，提高市場準入門檻，適時調整財政政策、貨幣政策，完善產業政策和土地政策，調整經濟結構，加強薄弱環節。根據形勢的變化，多次及時調整金融機構存款準備金率、存貸款基準利率，取消或降低高耗能、高排放和資源性產品的出口退稅。這些宏觀調控措施取得明顯成效，經濟連續五年保持平穩快速發展，沒有出現大的起落。

我們從加強農業基礎入手，把促進糧食增產和農民增收作為首要任務，在制度、政策和投入方面采取一系列重大舉措。全部取消了農業稅、牧業稅和特產稅，每年減輕農民負擔1335億元。同時，建立農業補貼制度，對農民實行糧食直補、良種補貼、農機具購置補貼和農業生產資料綜合補貼，對產糧大縣和財政困難縣鄉實行獎勵補助。

大幅度增加對農業農村投入，中央財政用于“三農”的支出五年累計1.6萬億元，其中用于農村基礎設施建設近3000億元，地方也較多增加了投入。五年新增節水灌溉面積1億畝、新增沼氣用戶1650萬戶、新建改建農村公路130萬公里，解決了9748萬農村人口飲水困難和飲水安全問題，建立了重大動物疫病防控體系，防止了高致病性禽流感等疫情的蔓延。

這些措施，極大地調動了農民的積極性，有力地推動了社會主義新農村建設，農村發生了歷史性變化，億萬農民由衷地感到高興。農業的發展，為整個經濟社會的穩定和發展發揮了重要作用。

我們制定了國家中長期科學和技術發展規劃綱要，對2006到2020年的科技發展作出全面部署，啟動一批重大專項。這對增強自主創新能力，推進創新型國家建設，有著重要而深遠的影響。

基礎科學和前沿技術研究得到加強，取得高性能計算機、第三代移動通信、超級雜交水稻等一批重大創新成果，形成了一批具有自主知識產權和市場競爭力的產品。五年中央財政用于科技的投入達到3406億元。全社會研究與實驗發展經費，從2002年1288億元增加到2007年的3664億元，占國內生產總值的比重從1.07%提高到1.49%。以企業為主體的技術創新體系建設取得重要進展。科技創新支撐和引領經濟社會發展的能力明顯增強。

我們制定和實施一系列產業政策和專項規劃，促進產業結構的優化升級。信息、生物、航空航天、新能源、新材料、海洋等高新技術產業加快發展。振興裝備制造業的成效顯著。旅游、金融、物流等現代服務業蓬勃發展。基礎設施基礎產業建設取得長足進展，一批重大的工程相繼建成或者順利推進。

青藏鐵路提前一年建成通車，三峽工程防洪、發電、航運等綜合效益全面發揮，西電東送、西氣東輸全面投產，南水北調工程進展順利，溪洛渡水電站、紅沿河核電站、京滬高速鐵路和千萬噸級煉油廠、百萬噸級乙烯等重大項目陸續開工建設。五年新增電力裝機3.5億千瓦，是1950年到2002年53年的總和；新增公路19.2萬公里，其中高速公路2.8萬公里；新增鐵路營運里程6100公里；建成萬噸級以上泊位568個；新增電信用戶4.94億戶，有效地改善了能源交通通信的狀況，增強了經濟社會發展的后勁。

我們高度重視資源節約和環境保護。“十一五”規劃要把節能和減排作為約束性目標。近兩年，又提出并實施節能減排綜合性工作方案，建立節能減排指標體系、監測體系、考核體系和目標責任制，頒布了應對氣候變化國家方案。依法淘汰一大批落后生產能力，關停小火電2157萬千瓦、小煤礦1.12萬處，淘汰落后煉鐵產能4659萬噸、煉鋼產能3747萬噸、水泥產能8700萬噸。啟動了十大重點節能工程。

燃煤電廠脫硫工程取得突破性的進展。中央政府投資支持重點流域水污染防治項目691個。繼續推進天然林保護、京津風沙源治理等生態建設，五年累計退耕還林、植樹造林4.79億畝，退牧還草5.19億畝。加強土地和水資源保護，五年整理復墾開發補充耕地2289萬畝。

經過各方面的努力，節能減排取得積極進展，2007年單位國內生產總值能耗比上年下降3.27%，化學需氧量、二氧化硫排放總量近年來首次出現雙下降，比上年分別下降3.14%和4.66%。節約資源和保護環境從認識到實踐都發生了重要轉變。

我們實施區域發展總體戰略。西部大開發繼續推進，五年中央財政支持重點建設投資2800多億元，基礎設施和生態環境建設取得明顯進展，重點地區和特色優勢產業加快發展。制定和實施振興東北地區等老工業基地戰略，大型的糧食基地建設不斷加強，國有企業改革改組改造取得突破性的進展，重大技術裝備國產化成效顯著，資源型城市經濟轉型試點進展順利，老工業基地煥發出新的生機和活力。

制定和實施促進中部地區崛起政策措施，糧食主產區現代農業建設步伐加快，重要能源原材料工業、裝備制造業和綜合交通運輸體系進一步發展。東部地區繼續率先發展，經濟實力和整體素質顯著提升。經濟特區、上海浦東新區、天津濱海新區開發開放加快推進。這些重大舉措，促進了區域經濟合理布局和協調發展。

(二)大力推進改革開放，注重制度建設和創新

全面深化農村改革。以鄉鎮機構、農村義務教育和縣鄉財政管理體制改革為主要內容的農村綜合改革，取得階段性的重要成果。放開糧食收購市場，實現了糧食購銷市場化。集體林權制度改革進行了成功的探索。供銷合作社、國有農場等改革進展順利。

堅持完善基本經濟制度。鞏固和發展公有制經濟，推進國有資產管理體制改革和國有經濟布局與結構調整，建立和完善國有資產出資人制度。加快國有企業股份制改革，一批具有國際競爭力的大公司大企業集團發展壯大。郵政體制改革順利進行，電力、電信、民航、鐵路等行業改革取得積極進展。

2006年，全國國有企業資產總額比2002年增長60.98%，實現利潤增長2.23倍，稅收增長1.05倍。國有經濟活力、控制力和影響力明顯增強。制定和實施一系列政策措施，進一步營造公平競爭的法制環境和市場環境，鼓勵、支持和引導個體私營等非公有制經濟發展。非公有制經濟在促進經濟增長、擴大就業、增加稅收和活躍市場等方面，發揮著越來越大的作用。

大力推進金融、財稅體制改革。針對國有商業銀行經營管理不善、金融風險加劇的狀況，我們果斷地推進了改革。中國工商銀行、中國銀行、中國建設銀行和交通銀行完成股份制改造并成功上市，資產質量和盈利的能力明顯提高，銀行業發生了重大變化。堅定地進行上市公司股權分置改革，解決了長期困擾證券市場發展的制度性問題。重點國有保險企業重組改制上市，促進了保險業迅速發展。

利率市場化改革邁出實質性步伐。實施人民幣匯率形成機制的改革，匯率彈性逐步增強。外匯管理體制改革全面推進。財稅體制改革進一步深化，財政轉移支付制度和公共財政制度逐步完善。2003年到2007年，中央財政對地方的轉移支付累計4.25萬億元，87%用于支持中西部地區。在部分企業試行國有資本經營預算制度。啟動和擴大增值稅轉型改革試點。統一內外資企業所得稅制度。建立國家統一的職務與級別相結合的公務員工資制度，初步規范了津貼補貼制度。投資體制改革和價格改革取得新進展。

加強市場體系建設。生產要素市場化的程度穩步提高。商品流通現代化的步伐加快。產品質量和食品藥品的安全專項整治取得明顯成效，保護知識產權力度加大，嚴厲打擊了制假售假、非法傳銷、商業欺詐、盜版侵權等違法犯罪活動。

堅持擴大對方開放。我們認真履行加入世界貿易組織各項承諾，積極做好過渡期的各項工作。深化涉外經濟體制改革，促進貿易投資便利化。放開外貿經營權，大幅度地降低關稅，取消進口配額、許可證等非關稅措施，金融、商業、電信等服務業的開放不斷擴大。進出口商品結構逐步優化。利用外資的質量進一步提高。實施“走出去”戰略邁出堅實步伐，對外經濟互利合作取得明顯成效。

(三)全面加強社會建設，切實保障和改善民生

我們堅持統籌經濟社會發展，加快教育、衛生、文化、體育等社會事業發展和改革，積極解決涉及人民群眾切身利益的問題。

在教育方面。全國財政用于教育支出五年累計2.43萬億元，比前五年增長1.26倍。農村義務教育已全面納入財政保障的范圍，對全國農村義務教育階段學生全部免除學雜費、全部免費提供教科書，對家庭經濟困難寄宿生提供生活補助，使1.5億的學生和780萬名家庭經濟困難的寄宿生受益。

西部地區基本普及九年義務教育、基本掃除青壯年文盲攻堅計劃如期完成。國家安排專項資金支持2.2萬多所農村中小學改造危房、建設7000多所寄宿制學校，遠程教育已覆蓋36萬所農村中小學，更多的農村學生享受到優質教育資源。更加重視職業教育發展，2007年中、高等職業教育在校生分別達到2000萬人和861萬人。普通高等教育本科生和研究生的規模達到1144萬人。高校重點學科建設繼續加強。建設健全普通本科高校、高等和中等職業學校國家獎學金助學金制度，中央財政此項支出從2006年的20.5億元增加到去年的98億元，高校資助面超過了20%，中等職業學校資助面超過了90%，資助標準大幅度提高。2007年開始在教育部直屬師范大學實施師范生免費教育試點。我們在實現教育公平上邁出了重大的步伐。

深入實施人才強國戰略，大力培養、積極引進和合理使用各類人才，高層次、高技能的人才隊伍不斷壯大。在衛生方面。全國財政用于醫療衛生的支出五年累計6294億元，比前五年增長1.27倍。重點加強公共衛生、醫療服務和醫療保障體系建設，覆蓋城鄉、功能比較齊全的疾病預防控制和應急醫療救治體系基本建成。國家規劃免疫預防的疾病由7種擴大到15種，對艾滋病、結核病、血吸蟲病等重大傳染病患者實施免費救治。

國家安排資金改造和新建1.88萬所鄉鎮衛生院、786所縣醫院、285所縣中醫醫院和534所縣婦幼保健醫院，為1.17萬個鄉鎮衛生院配置了醫療設備，農村醫療衛生條件明顯改善。全國建立了2.4萬多個社區衛生服務機構，新型的城市醫療衛生服務體系進一步健全。人口和計劃生育事業取得新進展，低生育水平繼續保持穩定。

人民健康水平不斷提高，嬰兒死亡率和孕產婦的死亡率明顯下降，2005年人均期望壽命達到73歲，對于我們這樣一個有13億人口的發展中國家是了不起的成就。

在就業方面。堅持實施和完善積極的就業政策，從財稅、金融等方面加大支持力度，中央財政安排就業補助資金五年累計666億元。城鄉公共就業服務體系建設進一步加強。統籌做好就業再就業工作，全面加強職業技能培訓，平均每年城鎮新增就業1000多萬人、農村勞動力轉移就業800萬人。基本解決國有企業下崗職工再就業的問題，完成下崗職工基本生活保障向失業保險的并軌。在勞動力總量增加較多、就業壓力很大的情況下，保持了就業形勢的基本穩定。

在社會保障方面。全國財政用于社會保障的支出五年累計1.95萬億元，比前五年增長了1.41倍。城鎮職工基本養老保險制度不斷完善，2007年參保人數突破了兩億人，比2002年增加了5400多萬人；做實基本養老保險個人賬戶試點擴大到11個省份；從2005年開始連續三年提高企業退休人員基本養老標準。中央財政五年累計補助養老保險專項資金3295億元。

2007年城鎮職工基本醫療保險參保人數達到1.8億人，比2002年增加近1倍；88個城市啟動了城鎮居民基本醫療保險的試點；新型農村合作醫療制度不斷完善，已經擴大到全國86%的縣，參合農民達到了7.3億人。全國社會保障基金累計4140億元，比2002年增加了2898億元。城鄉社會救助體系基本建立。城市居民最低生活保障制度不斷完善，保障標準和補助水平逐步提高。2007年在全國農村全面建立最低生活保障制度，3451.9萬農村居民納入了保障的范圍。

這是保障城鄉困難群眾基本生活的一項根本性的制度建設。社會福利、優撫安置、慈善和殘疾人事業取得新進展。抗災救災工作全面加強，中央財政五年支出551億元，受災群眾生產生活得到妥善安排。

在文化和體育方面。全國財政用于文化體育事業支出五年累計3104億元，比前五年增長1.3倍。縣鄉兩級公共文化服務體系初步形成，基本實現了縣縣有圖書館、文化館。全國文化信息資源共享工程、廣播電視村村通工程等基層文化設施建設扎實推進。哲學社會科學和新聞出版、廣播影視、文學藝術進一步繁榮。文物和非物質文化遺產保護得到加強。對外文化交流更加活躍。城鄉公共體育設施建設加快，群眾性體育蓬勃發展，體育健兒在國際大賽中取得優異成績。

在居民收入和消費方面。努力增加城鄉居民特別是低收入居民收入。調高最低工資標準；基本解決拖欠農民工工資的問題；四次提高重點優撫對象的撫恤補助標準，統籌解決退役軍人實際的困難。降低居民儲蓄存款利息稅率，提高個人所得稅起征點。家庭財產普遍增多。居民消費結構升級加快，家用汽車大幅度增加，移動電話、計算機、互聯網快速普及，旅游人數成倍增長。住房條件進一步改善，棚戶區的改造取得積極進展。城鄉居民享有的公共服務明顯增多。

在社會管理方面。著力維護人民群眾合法權益，積極化解社會矛盾。制定并實施保障農民工合法權益的政策措施。努力解決土地征收征用、房屋拆遷、企業改制、環境保護等方面損害群眾利益的問題。信訪工作不斷加強。高度重視安全生產工作，健全安全監管體制，落實安全生產責任制，加強安全生產法制建設。社會治安防控體系更加健全，綜合治理工作進一步加強。依法打擊各類犯罪活動，有效維護了國家安全和社會穩定。

在經濟快速發展和財力明顯增加的情況下，用很大力量解決了一些長期遺留的歷史問題。剝離和處置國有商業銀行不良資產，置換農村信用社不良貸款和歷年虧損掛帳，化解國有企業歷史債務，逐步解決國有糧食企業政策性虧損掛賬，還清出口退稅欠款，完善大中型水庫征地補償和移民后期扶持政策等。這些問題的解決對于經濟社會發展起到了重要作用。

五年來，我們在民主法制建設、國防和軍隊建設、港澳臺工作和外交等方面，也取得了重要進展。

穩步推進社會主義民主法制建設。各級政府自覺接受同級人民代表大會及其常委會的監督，主動接受人民政協的民主監督，認真聽取民主黨派、工商聯、無黨派人士、人民團體的意見，通過多種形式征求專家學者和人民群眾的建議，接受新聞媒體和社會各界的監督。實行重大事項決策公示和聽證制度。

加強城鄉基層自治組織建設，基層民主管理制度進一步健全。五年國務院共向全國人大常委會提交39件法律議案，制定、修訂137件行政法規。探索建立公眾有序參與政府立法的機制和制度，有15部法律草案和行政法規草案向社會公開征求意見。全面清理了現行的行政法規和規章。貫徹民族區域自治法，推進民族團結進步事業。全面落實宗教信仰自由政策，宗教事務管理走向法制化、規范化。全面落實僑務政策，依法保護海外僑胞和歸僑眷屬的合法權益。

全面加強軍隊現代化建設。積極推進中國特色軍事變革。調整改革軍隊體制編制和政策制度，裁減軍隊員額20萬的任務順利完成。國防和軍隊建設取得歷史性成就。人民解放軍和人民武裝警察部隊為維護國家主權、安全、領土完整和促進社會和諧穩定作出了重大貢獻。

堅持“一國兩制”方針，嚴格按照香港特別行政區基本法和澳門特別行政區基本法辦事。實施內地與香港、澳門建立更緊密經貿關系安排。香港、澳門保持繁榮穩定。

堅決反對和遏制“臺獨”分裂活動，捍衛國家主權與領土完整，維護臺海和平。實施一系列有利于人員往來和經濟科技教育文化體育交流的措施，促進了兩岸關系和平穩定發展。

積極開展對外交往與合作，全方位外交取得重大進展，堅定地維護和發展了國家利益。我國同主要大國加強了對話，增進了信任，擴大了合作。中美關系穩定發展，中俄戰略協作伙伴關系提高到新水平，中歐全面合作日益深化，中日關系得到改善，同周邊國家睦鄰友好關系進一步加強，區域合作取得新成果，同發展中國家的團結合作開創了新局面。成功舉辦一系列重大多邊外交活動。妥善應對國際上各種新挑戰，積極負責地參與解決全球性的問題，在解決國際和地區熱點問題上發揮著重要的建設性作用。

五年來，我們始終重視政府自身改革和建設。本屆政府把實行科學民主決策、推進依法行政、加強行政監督作為政府工作的三項基本準則。制定全面推進依法行政實施綱要，推動政府職能轉變和管理創新，強化了社會管理和公共服務。認真貫徹實施行政許可法，推進行政審批制度改革，國務院各部門取消和調整行政審批項目692項。推進政務公開，完善新聞發布制度，加強電子政務建設。全國應急管理體系基本建立。監察、審計等專門監督工作卓有成效。公務員教育培訓和管理法制化進一步加強。堅持不懈地開展反腐敗斗爭和加強政風建設，治理商業賄賂工作取得良好成效，依法查出違法違規案件和失職瀆職的行為，懲處腐敗分子。

過去五年，我們在豐富實踐中積累了許多寶貴經驗，主要體會是：

第一，必須堅持解放思想。解放思想、實事求是是我們黨的思想路線。只有堅持一切從實際出發，破除迷信，敢于沖破不合時宜的觀念束縛，尊重群眾首創精神，大膽探索、實踐和創造，與時俱進，才能使社會社會主義現代化事業充滿生機和活力。

第二，必須堅持落實科學發展觀。科學發展觀是發展中國特色社會主義重大戰略思想，是我國經濟社會發展的重要指導方針。我們要堅持把發展作為第一要務，著力轉變經濟發展方式，調整經濟結構，提高經濟增長質量和效益；堅持以人為本，注重統籌兼顧，推動全面協調可持續發展。只有深入貫徹落實科學發展觀，才能實現經濟社會又好又快發展，促進社會和諧。

第三，必須堅持改革開放。改革開放是決定當代中國命運重大而關鍵的抉擇。我們要堅定不移地推進經濟體制改革、政治體制改革，發展社會主義民主政治，完善社會主義市場經濟體制，解放和發展生產力，促進社會公平正義，實現人的全面發展。開放也是改革，開放兼容才能強國。改革開放貫穿于社會主義現代化建設的整個過程，任何時候都不能動搖。

第四，必須堅持搞好宏觀調控。宏觀調控與市場機制都是社會主義市場經濟體制的組成部分。我們要更大程度地發揮市場在資源配置中的基礎性作用，增強企業活力和競爭力。同時，要加強和改善宏觀調控，堅持主要運用經濟手段、法律手段，發揮各種政策的組合效應；堅持區別對待、有保有壓，不搞一刀切，不搞急剎車；堅持不斷總結經驗，及時調整政策，注重實際效果。只有把市場機制和宏觀調控有機結合起來，才能保證整個經濟充滿活力、富有效率、持續健康協調發展。

第五，必須堅持執政為民。政府的一切權力都是人民賦予的，執政為民是各級政府的崇高使命。我們要牢記全心全意為人民服務的宗旨，把實現好、維護好、發展好最廣大人民的根本利益，作為政府工作的出發點和落腳點。更加注重保障和改善民生，特別要關心和解決城鄉低收入群眾的生活困難，使全體人民共享改革發展成果。只有堅持一切屬于人民，一切為了人民，一切依靠人民，一切歸功于人民，我們的各項事業才能獲得最廣泛、最可靠的群眾基礎和力量源泉。

第六，必須堅持依法行政。遵守憲法和法律是政府一切工作的根本原則。我們要嚴格按照法定權限和程序行使權力、履行職責，加強政府立法，規范行政執法，完善行政監督，建設法治政府，不斷提高依法行政能力。只有全面推行依法行政，努力做到有權必有責、用權受監督、侵權要賠償、違法要追究，讓權力在陽光下運行，才能保證人民賦予的權力始終用來為人民謀利益。

我們也清醒地認識到，經濟社會發展和政府工作還存在不少問題，國內外形勢發展的變化使我們面臨諸多新的挑戰和風險。

——經濟運行中一些突出問題和深層次矛盾依然存在。近年來固定資產投資增長過快，貨幣信貸投放過多，國際收支不平衡。長期形成的結構性矛盾和增長方式粗放的問題仍然突出。投資與消費關系不協調，投資率持續偏高；一二三產業發展不協調，工業特別是重工業比重偏大，服務業比重偏低；自主創新能力不強，經濟增長的資源環境代價過大。農業基礎仍然薄弱，農業穩定發展和農民持續增收的難度加大，城鄉、區域發展差距擴大的趨勢尚未扭轉。特別是影響經濟發展的體制機制障礙還相當突出，改革攻堅任務繁重。

——涉及群眾切身利益的問題有待進一步解決。當前物價上漲、通貨膨脹壓力加大，是廣大群眾最為關注的問題。去年居民消費價格總水平比上年上漲4.8%，主要食品和居住類價格漲幅較大。物價上漲有多方面的因素：國內農產品價格多年在低位運行，近期的價格上漲有其必然性和一定的合理因素，但對群眾特別是低收入群眾生活影響較大；近年來國際市場初級產品價格大幅上升，也直接影響國內價格上漲。由于推動價格上漲的因素還將存在，今年價格上漲的壓力仍然較大。同時，生產資料價格不斷上升，房地產等資產價格上漲過快，防止通貨膨脹的任務相當艱巨。勞動就業、社會保障、教育、醫療衛生、收入分配、住房、產品質量安全、安全生產、社會治安等方面還有不少問題需要認真加以解決。

——國際經濟環境變化不確定因素和潛在風險增加。隨著經濟全球化深入發展，我國經濟與世界經濟聯系越來越密切。當前全球經濟失衡加劇、增速放緩，國際競爭更加激烈；美國次級抵押貸款危機影響蔓延，美元持續貶值，國際金融市場風險增大；國際市場糧食價格上漲，石油等初級產品價格高位運行；貿易保護主義加劇，貿易摩擦增多。國際上一些政治因素對世界經濟走勢影響也不容忽視。這些都可能對我國經濟發展帶來不利影響。我國正處在改革發展的關鍵時期，必須充分做好應對國際環境變化的各種準備，提高防范風險的能力。

——政府自身建設和管理需要加強。我們深深感到，政府工作與形勢的要求和人民的期望還有不小的差距。政府職能轉變還不到位，社會管理和公共服務比較薄弱；一些部門職責交叉、權責脫節，相互推諉，辦事效率低下；一些政府工作人員服務意識不強，素質不高；對權力的監督和約束機制不健全，形式主義、官僚主義問題比較突出，弄虛作假、奢侈浪費和腐敗現象比較嚴重。

我們一定要始終保持清醒頭腦，增強憂患意識，以對國家、對人民高度負責的使命感和緊迫感，更加兢兢業業、扎扎實實地做好政府各項工作。

各位代表！

過去五年的成就和進步，來之不易。這是在改革開放多年來奠定的基礎上取得的，是以胡錦濤同志為總書記的黨中央駕馭全局、正確領導的結果，是全國各族人民奮發進取、共同努力的結果，也是與廣大海外僑胞、國際友人的支持和幫助分不開的。在戰勝種種嚴重困難和挑戰、完成各項重大任務中，充分表現了中國人民不畏艱險、一往無前的決心、勇氣和意志。我代表國務院，向全國各族人民，向各民主黨派、各人民團體和各界人士，表示誠摯的感謝！向香港特別行政區同胞、澳門特別行政區同胞和臺灣臺胞，以及廣大僑胞，表示誠摯的感謝！向世界各國政府、國際組織和國際友人對中國現代化事業的理解和支持，表示誠摯的感謝！

第二，2008年的主要任務

今年是全國貫徹黨的十七大精神的第一年，改革發展任務繁重而艱巨，做好政府工作意義重大。

政府工作的基本思路和主要任務是：高舉中國特色社會主義偉大旗幟，以鄧小平理論和“三個代表”重要思想為指導，深入貫徹落實科學發展觀，更加重視加強和改善宏觀調控，更加重視推進改革開放和自主創新，更加重視調整經濟結構和提高發展質量，更加重視節約資源和保護環境，更加重視改善民生和促進社會和諧，推進社會主義經濟建設、政治建設、文化建設、社會建設，加快全面建設小康社會進程。

今年國民經濟和社會發展預期目標是：在優化結構、提高效益、降低消耗、保護環境的基礎上，國內生產總值增長8%左右；居民消費價格總水平漲幅控制在4.8%左右；城鎮新增就業1000萬人，城鎮登記失業率控制在4.5%左右；國際收支狀況有所改善。

這里要著重說明，提出國內生產總值增長8%左右，主要是綜合考慮了國內和國際多種因素，著眼于保持經濟平穩較快發展，引導各方面把主要精力和工作重點放在轉變發展方式、深化改革、加快社會建設上，防止片面追求和盲目攀比經濟增長速度，實現經濟社會又好又快發展。提出居民消費價格總水平漲幅控制在4.8%左右，主要是由于去年價格上漲對今年價格的翹尾影響較大，推動價格上漲的因素較多，控制物價上漲的難度加大；同時，又要考慮到居民、企業和社會各方面的承受能力，努力避免物價漲幅過大。

實現經濟社會發展的目標和任務，需要把握以下原則：堅持穩中求進，促進經濟平穩較快發展；堅持好字優先，加快轉變經濟發展方式；堅持改革開放，注重推進制度建設和創新；堅持以人為本，加快以改善民生為重點的社會建設。今年經濟工作，要把防止經濟由偏快轉為過熱、防止價格由結構性上漲演變為明顯通貨膨脹作為宏觀調控的首要任務；鑒于當前國內外經濟形勢發展的不確定因素較多，要密切跟蹤分析新情況新問題，審時度勢，從實際出發，及時靈活地采取相應對策，正確把握宏觀調控的節奏、重點和力度，保持經濟平穩較快發展，避免出現大的起落。

今年要著重抓好以下九個方面的工作：

(一)搞好宏觀調控，保持經濟平穩較快發展

根據國內外經濟形勢和宏觀調控任務的要求，今年要實行穩健的財政政策和從緊的貨幣政策。

繼續實行穩健的財政政策，就是要保持財政政策的連續性和穩定性，充分發揮財政促進結構調整和協調發展的重要作用，增加對薄弱環節、改善民生、深化改革等方面的支出；同時，進一步減少財政赤字和長期建設國債。今年，中央財政赤字預算擬安排1800億元，比去年預算赤字減少了650億元。擬安排國債投資300億元，比去年減少200億元。增加中央預算內經常性建設投資，中央建設投資總計為1521億元。繼續調整財政支出和政府投資結構，較大幅度地增加“三農”、社會保障、醫療衛生、教育、文化、節能減排和廉租住房建設等方面的支出。要抓好增收節支，依法加強稅收征管，規范非稅收入管理，控制一般性支出。改革政府投資管理方式，提高投資使用效益。

合理安排財政超收收入。去年全國財政比預算超收7239億元，其中中央財政超收4168億元。超預算收入使用的原則是：集中財力辦關系民生和制度性建設方面的事，調整結構，加強薄弱環節。依法增加地方兩稅返還和一般性轉移支付的支出；增加農林水、教育、文化和科技方面的支出；增加社會保障、醫療衛生、司法保障和廉租住房建設的支出；增加節能減排和環境保護的支出；解決農村義務教育債務和國有糧食企業財務掛賬等歷史遺留問題的支出。同時，削減財政赤字450億元；擬增加中央預算穩定調節基金1032億元。

實行從緊的貨幣政策，主要是考慮當前固定資產投資反彈的壓力較大，貨幣信貸投放仍然偏多，流動性過剩矛盾尚未緩解，價格上漲的壓力明顯，需要加強金融調控，控制貨幣供應量和信貸過快的增長。一要綜合運用公開市場炒作、存款準備金率等方式，加大對沖流動性力度；合理發揮利率杠桿調節作用；完善人民幣匯率形成機制，增強匯率彈性。二要著力優化信貸結構，嚴格執行貸款條件，有保有壓。控制中長期貸款增長，特別是對高效能、高排放企業和產能過剩行業的貸款；創新和改進銀行信貸服務，完善擔保、貼息等制度，加大對“三農”、服務業、中小企業、自主創新、節能環保、區域協調發展等方面的貸款支持。三要深化外匯管理體制改革。完善結售匯制度，加強跨境資本流動監管，穩步推進資本項目可兌換。拓展外匯儲備使用渠道和方式。同時，采取綜合措施，努力改善國際收支狀況。

防止價格總水平過快上漲，是今年宏觀調控的重大任務。必須從更加有效供給和抑制不合理需求量方面采取有力措施。一要大力發展生產，特別要加強糧食、食用植物油、肉類等基本生活必需品和其他緊缺商品生產，認真落實支持發展生產的政策措施，搞好產運銷的銜接。二要嚴格控制工業用糧和糧食出口；堅決制止玉米深加工能力盲目擴張，違規在建項目必須停建。三要加快健全儲備體系，改進和完善儲備調節和進出口調節的方式，適當增加國內緊缺重要消費品的進口。四要把握好政府調價的時機和力度，必須調整的資源性產品價格和公共服務收費也要從嚴控制，防止出現輪番漲價。五要健全大宗農產品、初級產品供求和價格變動的監測預警制度，做好市場供應和價格應急預案。六要加強市場和價格監管，抓好教育收費、醫藥價格、農資價格及涉農收費的監督檢查。依法打擊串通漲價、囤積居奇、哄抬物價等違法違規行為。七要及時完善和落實對低收入群眾的補助辦法，特別要增加對生活困難群眾和家庭經濟困難學生的補貼，確保他們基本生活水平不因物價上漲而下降。八要遏制生產資料尤其是農業生產資料價格過快上漲。九要堅持執行“米袋子”省長負責制和“菜籃子”市長負責制。物價問題與人民生活密切相關，各級政府一定要把穩定市場物價放在更加重要的位置上。現在，國家糧食庫存充裕，主要工業消費品供大與求，只要切實加強領導，認真落實各項政策措施，上下共同努力，就一定能夠保證市場供應和價格基本穩定。

近期發生的嚴重低溫雨雪冰凍災害，給經濟造成重大損失，給群眾生活帶來很大困難。要繼續做好災后重建工作，把災害的損失減少到最低程度。要以電網恢復重建為重點抓緊修復基礎設施，盡快恢復農業生產，加強煤電油運協調工作，妥善安排受災地區群眾生活。同時，要從這次特大的自然災害中，認真總結經驗教訓。加強電力、交通、通信等基礎設施建設，提高抗災和保障能力；加強應急體系和機制建設，提高預防和處置突發事件的能力；加強對現代條件下自然災害特點和規律的研究，提高防災減災能力。(二)加強農業基礎建設，促進農業發展和農民增收

今年，要千方百計爭取農業有個好收成，努力增加農民收入，推進社會主義新農村建設。突出抓好三件事：一是大力發展糧食生產，保障農產品供給。糧食安全，關系經濟社會發展全局，關系人民群眾切身利益，絲毫不能放松糧食生產。要切實穩定糧食種植面積，提高單產水平。加大對糧食主產區和種糧農民的扶持力度，實施糧食戰略工程，加快建立糧食核心產區，全面提高糧食綜合生產能力和供給保障能力。農業生產既要增加總量，又要優化品種結構，促進各類重要農產品穩定增長。認真落實支持生豬、奶業、油料發展的政策措施。積極發展畜牧水產業，扶持和促進規模化健康養殖。推進農業標準化生產，提高農產品的質量安全水平。二是加強農業基礎設施建設，加快完成大中型和重點小型病險水庫除險加固任務。搞好小型農田水利建設，大力發展節水灌溉。加大土地開發整理復墾力度，搞好中低產田改造，提高耕地質量，建設一批高標準農田。加強農村飲水、道路、電網、通信、文化等基礎設施建設，大力發展農村公共交通，改善農村人居環境。今年要再解決3200萬農村人口的安全飲水問題，增加500萬農村沼氣用戶，支持建設一批大中型沼氣項目。三是拓寬農民增收渠道。加快發展高產優質高效生態安全農業，支持農業產業化經營和龍頭企業發展，加強農村現代市場流通體系建設，壯大和提升農村二三產業，發展鄉鎮企業，增強縣域經濟實力。加強農村職業教育和技能培訓，提高農民轉移就業能力，發展勞務經濟。加大扶貧開發力度，繼續減少貧困人口。

主要措施是：一要大力增加投入。今年財政支農投入的增量要明顯高于上年，國家固定資產投資用于農村的增量要明顯高于上年，政府土地出讓收入用于農村建設的增量要明顯高于上年。調整耕地占用稅的使用方向，改革城市建設維護稅使用辦法，增加農村建設投入。今年中央財政安排“三農”支出5625億元，比上年增加1307億元。

二要強化和完善農業支持政策。增加糧食直補，農資綜合直補。擴大良種補貼規模和范圍增加農機具購置補貼種類，提高補貼標準，從今年起農機具購置補貼覆蓋到所有農業縣。根據情況提高糧食最低收購價。

三要堅持最嚴格的耕地保護制度，特別是加強基本農田保護。按土地利用總體規劃從嚴審查調整各類規劃的用地規模和標準，嚴格執行土地用途管制制度，依法嚴格管理農村集體和個人建設用地，堅決制止違法違規占用耕地和林地的行為。

四要完善農業科技推廣和服務體系。加強農業科技創新和成果轉化，強化以公益性為主的多元化農業技術推廣服務。加快推進農業機械化。加強良種、信息、農產品質量安全和防災減災體系建設，搞好動物疫病和植物病蟲害防控。擴大測土配方施肥規模。

五要全面推進農村改革。加快農村綜合改革步伐。采取多種有效措施，積極穩妥地化解鄉村債務。中央和地方將增加財政投入，用三年左右時間基本化解農村義務教育歷史債務。堅持農村基本經營制度，穩定和完善土地承包關系，按照依法自愿有償原則，健全土地承包經營權流轉市場，有條件的地方可以發展多種形式的適度規模經營。大力發展農民專業合作組織。全面推進集體林權制度改革。

(三)推進經濟結構調整，轉變發展方式

堅持擴大內需方針，調整投資和消費關系，促進經濟增長由主要依靠投資、出口拉動向依靠消費、投資、出口協調拉動轉變。關鍵是合理控制固定資產投資規模，著力優化投資結構。堅持嚴把土地、信貸閘門和市場準入標準，特別是要加強和規范新開工項目管理，嚴格執行項目新開工條件。堅決控制高耗能、高排放和產能過剩行業盲目投資和重復建設，提高限制發展行業的準入標準和項目資本金比例。違法違規建設項目要堅決停建。加大對經濟社會發展薄弱環節、重點領域和中西部地區的支持力度。從嚴控制新增建設用地特別是工業用地，今年土地利用計劃總規模控制在去年水平。要適應新形勢、新情況，加強和改進對社會各類投資活動的引導、調控和監管。

堅持把推進自主創新作為轉變發展方式的中心環節。要認真落實國家中長期科學和技術發展規劃綱要，全面啟動和組織實施大型飛機、水體污染控制與治理、大型油氣田及煤層氣開發等國家重大專項。實施基礎研究、高技術研究和科技支撐計劃。著力突破新能源汽車、高速軌道交通、工農業節水等一批重大關鍵技術。推進國家創新體系建設，重點建設一批國家實驗室、國家工程中心、面向企業的創新支撐平臺和企業技術中心，加強科技基礎能力建設。深化科技管理體制改革，統籌和優化科技資源配置。今年中央財政將安排科技支出1134億元，比上年增加134億元。完善和落實支持自主創新的政策，充分發揮企業作為技術創新主體的作用，鼓勵、引導企業增加研發投入。加大政府采購對自主創新產品的支持力度。擴大創業風險和投資試點范圍。實施知識產權戰略，加強國際科技合作。

推進產業結構優化升級。堅持走中國特色新型工業化道路，推進信息化與工業化融合。著力發展高新技術產業，大力振興裝備制造業，改造和提升傳統產業，加快發展服務業特別是現代服務業。繼續實施新型顯示器、寬帶通信與網絡、生物醫藥等一批重大高技術產業專項。充分發揮國家高新技術開發區的集聚、引領和輻射作用。圍繞大型清潔高效發電設備、高檔數控機床和基礎制造裝備等關鍵領域，推進重大裝備、關鍵零部件及元器件自主研發和國產化。加強地質工作，提高資源勘查開發水平。積極發展現代能源原材料產業和綜合運輸體系。

促進區域協調發展。深入推進西部大開發，開工建設一批重點工程，支持重點地區優化開發。繼續搞好天然林保護、防沙治沙、石漠化治理，落實退耕還林后續政策。組織實施東北地區振興規劃，支持先進裝備制造業發展和資源枯竭型地區經濟轉型。編制和實施促進中西部崛起計劃，落實并完善相關政策。鼓勵東部地區率先發展，著力提升國際競爭力。進一步加大對革命老區、民族地區、邊疆地區、貧困地區發展的扶持力度。制定并實施主體功能區規劃和政策。

(四)加大節能減排和環境保護力度，做好產品質量安全工作

今年是完成“十一五”節能減排約束性目標的關鍵一年，務必增強緊迫感，加大攻堅力度，力求取得更大成效。一是落實電力、鋼鐵、水泥、煤炭、造紙等行業淘汰落后生產能力計劃。建立淘汰落后產能退出機制，完善和落實關閉企業的配套政策措施。同時，按照規劃加強這些行業先進生產能力的建設。

二是抓好重點企業節能和重點工程建設。加快十大重點節能工程實施進度。提高城鎮污水處理能力，力爭用兩年的時間在36個大城市率先實現污水的全部收集和處理。適當提高排污費、污水處理費和垃圾處理費標準。完善和嚴格執行建筑標準，大力推進墻體材料革新和建筑節能。穩步推進城鎮供熱體制和市政公用事業改革。

三是開發和推廣節約、替代、循環利用資源和治理污染的先進適用技術，實施節能減排重大技術和示范工程。大力發展節能服務產業和環保業。開發風能、太陽能等清潔、可再生能源。

四是做好“三河三湖”、南水北調水源及沿線、三峽庫區和松花江等重點流域污染防治工作，實施渤海環境保護總體規劃。提高重點流域水污染物的國家排放標準。

五是加強農村飲用水水源地保護，推進農村生活污染治理，嚴格控制農村地區工業污染，加強畜禽、水產養殖污染治理，控制農業面源污染。

六是鼓勵和支持發展循環經濟，促進再生資源回收利用。全面推行清潔生產。

七是加強土地、水、草原、森林、礦產等資源的保護和節約集約利用，嚴厲查處亂采濫挖礦產資源等違法違規行為。搞好海洋資源保護和合理利用，發展海洋經濟。加強氣象、地震、測繪基礎研究和能力建設。

八是實施應對氣候變化國家方案，加強應對氣候變化能力建設。

九是完善能源資源節約和環境保護獎懲機制。執行節能減排統計監測制度，健全審計、監察體系、加強執法力度，強化節能減排工作責任制。

十是增強全社會生態文明觀念，動員全體人民更加積極投身于資源節約型、環境友好型社會建設。節約資源和環境保護要一代一代人持之以恒地進行下去，讓我們的祖國山更綠，水更清，天更藍。

加強產品質量安全工作。一是加快產品質量安全標準制定和修訂。今年要完成7700多項食品、藥品和其他消費品安全國家標準的制定修改工作，健全食品、藥品和其他消費品安全標準體系；食品、消費品安全性能要求及其檢測方法標準，都要采用國際標準。出口產品除符合國家標準外，還要符合進口國標準和技術法規的要求。二是完善產品質量安全法制保障。加快制定修訂涉及產品質量安全的法規，完善行政執法與刑事司法緊密銜接的機制，加強對違法違規企業的懲處力度。三是健全產品質量安全監管體系。嚴格執行生產許可、強制認證、注冊備案制度，嚴把市場準入關。提高涉及人身健康和安全產品的生產許可條件和市場準入門檻。加強食品、藥品等重點監管工作，嚴把進出口商量質量關。認真落實產品質量安全責任制。我們一定要讓人民群眾吃得放心、用得安心，讓出口產品享有良好信譽。

(五)深化經濟體制改革，提高對外開放水平

今年是改革開放30周年，改革開放使中國發生了歷史性的巨大變化。我們仍處于并將長期處于社會主義初級階段，進一步解放和發展生產力，進一步促進社會公平正義，實現全面建設小康社會和國家現代化的宏偉目標，必須繼續堅定不移地推進改革開放。今年著重抓好以下幾個方面：

推進國有企業改革，完善所有制結構。繼續推動國有資本調整和國有企業重組。深化國有企業公司制股份制改革。完善公司法人治理結構。做好政策性關閉破產和主輔分離、輔業改制工作。擴大國有資本經營預算制度試點。深化壟斷行業改革，引入競爭機制，加強政府監管和社會監督。嚴格規范國有企業改制和國有產權轉讓，防止國有資產流失，保障職工合法權益。推進集體企業改革，發展多種形式的集體經濟、合作經濟。認真落實鼓勵、支持和引導個體私營等非公有制經濟發展的各項政策，尤其要解決市場準入和融資支持等方面的問題。

深化財稅體制改革，加快公共財政體系建設。改革預算制度，強化預算管理和監督。完善財政轉移支付制度，提高一般性轉移支付規模和比例。積極推進省以下財政體制改革。全面實施新的企業所得稅法。改革資源稅費制度，完善資源的有償使用制度和生態環境的補償機制。繼續推進增值稅轉型改革試點，研究制定在全國范圍內實施方案。

加快金融體制改革，加強金融監管。繼續深化銀行業改革，重點推進中國農業銀行股份制改革和國家開發銀行改革。建立存款保險制度。加快農村金融改革，強化中國農業銀行、中國農業發展銀行和中國郵政儲蓄銀行為“三農”服務的功能，繼續深化農村信用社改革，積極推進新型的農村金融機構發展。優化資本市場結構，促進股票市場穩定健康發展，著力提高上市公司質量，維護公開公平公正的市場秩序，建立創業板市場，加快發展債券市場，穩步發展期貨市場深化保險業改革，積極擴大農業保險的范圍，做好政策性農業保險試點工作。依法嚴厲查處各種金融違法違規行為。切實防范和化解金融風險，維護金融穩定和安全。

拓展對外開放廣度和深度，提高開放型經濟水平。在保持出口平穩增長的同時，加快轉變外貿發展方式，優化出口結構，鼓勵自主知識產權和自主品牌的產品出口，提高出口產品質量、檔次和附加值。擴大服務出口，發展服務外包。積極擴大進口，重點增加先進技術裝備、重要原材料和關鍵零部件及元器件的進口。優化利用外資產業結構和地區布局，穩步推進服務業的對外開放。限制和禁止高耗能、高排放和部分資源性外資項目，切實糾正招商引資中違法違規的做法。創新對外投資和合作的方式，完善和落實支持企業“走出去”的政策措施。加強多雙邊和區域經濟合作。繼續推進自由貿易區的談判，認真實施已簽署的協定。維護公平的國際貿易秩序。

在推進改革開放中，要加快現代市場的體系建設，大力發展現代流通，深入整頓和規范市場秩序，推進社會信用制度建設。

(六)更加注重社會建設，著力保障和改善民生

堅持優先發展教育。一是在全國城鄉普遍實行免費義務教育。繼續增加農村義務教育公用經費，提高保障水平。適當提高農村家庭經濟困難寄宿生生活補助費的補助標準。認真落實保障經濟困難家庭、進城務工人員子女平等接受義務教育的措施。在試點的基礎上，從今年秋季起全面免除城市義務教育學雜費，這是推動義務教育均衡發展、促進教育公平的又一重大舉措。二是大力發展職業教育。加強職業教育基礎能力建設，深化職業教育管理、辦學、投入等體制改革，培養高素質技能型人才。三是提高高等教育質量。優化學科專業結構，推進高水平大學和重點學科建設。普通高校招生增量繼續向中西部地區傾斜。

辦好各級各類教育，必須抓好三項工作：一要全面實施素質教育，推進教育改革創新。深化教學內容和方式、考試和招生制度、質量評價制度等改革。切實減輕中小學生的課業負擔。二要加強教師隊伍特別是農村教師隊伍建設，完善和落實教師工資、津補貼制度。三要加大教育事業投入。今年中央財政用于教育的投入，將由去年的1076億元增加到1562億元；地方財政也都要增加投入。進一步規范教育收費。鼓勵和規范民辦教育發展。沒有全民教育的普及和提高，便沒有國家現代化的未來。要讓孩子們上好學，辦好人民滿意的教育，提高全民族的素質。

推進衛生事業改革和發展。重點抓好四件事：一是加快推進覆蓋城鄉居民的醫療保障制度建設。擴大城鎮職工基本醫療保險覆蓋面；城鎮居民基本醫療保險試點要擴大到全國50%以上的城市；在全國農村全面推行新型農村合作醫療制度，用兩年時間將籌資標準由每人每年50元提高到100元，其中中央和地方財政對參合農民補助標準由40元提高到80元。健全城鄉醫療救助制度。二是完善公共衛生服務體系。抓好重大疾病防治，落實擴大國家傳染病免疫規劃范圍的政策措施，加大對艾滋病、結核病、血吸蟲病等疾病患者的免費治療力度。加強地方病、職業病、精神病防治。做好婦幼保健工作。在中西部地區農村實行住院分娩補助政策。健全公共衛生服務經費保障機制。三是推進城鄉醫療服務體系建設。重點健全農村三級衛生服務網絡和城市社區醫療衛生服務體系。加大全科醫護人員和鄉村醫生培養的力度，鼓勵高素質人才到基層服務。開展公立醫院改革試點。制定和實施扶持中醫藥和民族醫藥事業發展的措施。四是建立國家基本藥物制度和藥品供應保障體系，保證群眾基本用藥和用藥安全，控制藥品價格上漲。今年中央財政將安排832億元，比上年增加167億元，支持衛生事業改革和發展，重點向農村和基層傾斜。

去年以來，國務院組織力量研究深化醫藥衛生體制改革問題，已經制定一個初步方案，將向社會公開征求意見。改革的基本目標是：堅持公共醫療衛生的公益性質，建立基本醫療衛生制度，為群眾提供安全、有效、方便、價廉的基本醫療衛生服務。我們要堅定地推進這項改革，讓人人享有基本醫療衛生服務。

加強人口和計劃生育工作。穩定現行生育政策和低生育水平，提高出生人口素質，綜合治理出生人口性別比偏高問題。全面實施計劃生育家庭特別扶助制度，擴大實施農村計劃生育家庭獎勵制度和少生快富工程范圍，提高獎勵扶助標準。加強流動人口計劃生育服務管理。

重視發展老齡事業，切實保障婦女和未成年人權益，關心和支持殘疾人事業。

努力擴大就業。認真貫徹執行就業促進法和勞動合同法。堅持實施積極的就業政策，落實以創業帶動就業的方針，加強就業和創業培訓，鼓勵自謀職業和自主創業，支持創辦小型企業。加快建設城鄉統一規范的人力資源市場，完善公共就業服務體系，促進形成城鄉勞動者平等就業制度。加強高校畢業生就業指導和服務。深化退役軍人安置制度改革。完善就業援助制度，落實促進殘疾人就業政策，建立幫助零就業家庭解決就業困難的長效機制。督促各類企業同勞動者依法簽訂并履行勞動合同。加強勞動爭議處理和勞動保障監察，嚴厲打擊各種非法用工行為。在世界上人口最多的國家解決就業問題，是一項極為艱巨的任務。我們要用百倍的努力，把這項關系民生之本的大事做好。

增加城鄉居民收入。關鍵要調整國民收入分配格局，深化收入分配制度改革，逐步提高居民收入在國民收入分配中的比重，提高勞動報酬在初次分配中的比重。一是多渠道增加農民收入，確保農民工工資按時足額發放，適當提高扶貧的標準。二是提高企業職工工資的水平，建立企業職工工資正常增長和支付保障機制。推動企業建立工資集體協商制度，完善工資指導線制度，健全并落實最低工資制度。改革國有企業工資總額管理辦法，加強對壟斷行業企業工資監管。三是從今年1月1日起，再連續三年進一步提高企業退休人員基本養老金水平。四是深化公務員工資制度改革，繼續做好規范公務員津貼補貼工作。加快推進事業單位收入分配制度改革。五是落實職工帶薪年休假制度。同時要進一步完善消費政策，拓寬服務消費領域，穩定居民消費預期，擴大即期消費。只有把經濟發展的成果合理分配到群眾手中，才能得到廣大群眾的擁護，才能促進社會的和諧穩定。

完善社會保障體系。堅持實行廣覆蓋、保基本、多層次、可持續的方針。一要做好社會保險擴面和基金征繳工作。重點擴大農民工、非公有制經濟組織從業人員、城鎮靈活就業人員參加社會保險。努力解決關閉破產企業退休人員和困難企業職工參加基本醫療保險問題。二要推進社會保險制度改革。完善社會統籌與個人賬戶相結合的企業職工基本養老保險制度，擴大做實養老保險個人賬戶試點，加快省級統籌步伐，制定全國統一的社會保險關系轉續辦法。規范發展企業年金制度。探索事業單位基本養老保險制度改革。抓緊制定適合農民工特點的養老保險辦法。鼓勵各地開展農村養老保險試點。加快完善失業、工傷、生育保險制度。三要采取多種方式充實社會保障基金，強化基金監管，確保基金安全，實現保值增值。四要健全社會救助體系。重點完善城鄉居民最低生活保障制度，建立與經濟增長和物價水平相適應的救助標準調整機制。健全臨時救助制度。同時，積極發展社會福利事業。鼓勵和支持慈善事業發展。做好優撫安置工作。加強防災減災救災工作。為加快社會保障體系建設，今年中央財政將安排2762億元，比上年增加458億元。建立和完善覆蓋城鄉的社會保障體系，讓人民生活無后顧之憂，直接關系經濟社會發展，是全面建設小康社會的一項重大任務。

抓緊建立住房保障體系。總的指導原則是：(1)堅持從我國人多地少的基本國情出發，建立科學、合理的住房建設和消費模式。大力發展省地節能環保型住宅，增加中小套型住房供給，引導居民適度消費。(2)堅持正確發揮政府和市場的作用，政府主要制定住房規劃和政策，搞好土地合理供應、集約利用和管理，重點發展面向中低收入家庭的住房。高收入家庭的住房需求主要通過市場調節解決。(3)堅持加強對房地產市場的調控和監管，規范和維護市場秩序，促進房地產業持續穩定健康發展。今年要采取四項措施：一要健全廉租住房制度，加快廉租住房建設，增加房源供給，加強經濟適用住房建設和管理，積極解決城市低收入群眾住房困難。今年中央用于廉租住房制度建設的資金68億元，比去年增加17億元；地方各級政府都要增加這方面的投入。同時，要積極改善農民工居住條件。二要增加中低價位、中小套型普通商品住房供應，建立多渠道投融資機制，通過多種途徑幫助中等收入家庭解決住房問題。合理調整城市土地供給結構，增加中小套型住房用地。三要綜合運用稅收、信貸、土地等手段，完善住房公積金制度，增加住房有效供給，抑制不合理需求，防止房價過快上漲。四要加強市場監管，嚴格房地產企業市場準入和退出條件。依法查處閑置囤積土地、房源和炒地炒房行為。同時，要加強農村住房建設規劃和管理，切實解決農村困難群眾住房安全問題。我們要堅定不移地推進住房改革和建設，讓人民群眾安居樂業。(七)深化文化體制改革，推動文化大發展大繁榮

進一步落實和完善文化體制改革政策措施，推動文化創新，加強文化建設，保障人民基本文化權益，繁榮文化市場，滿足人民日益增長的、多樣的文化需求。堅持用馬克思主義中國化最新成果教育人民，在全社會樹立中國特色社會主義共同理想，大力弘揚以愛國主義為核心的民族精神和以改革創新為核心的時代精神，深入進行社會主義榮辱觀教育。推進和諧文化建設，實施公民道德建設工程，培育文明社會風尚。特別要加強青少年思想道德建設。深入開展文明創建活動。堅持為人民服務、為社會服務的方向，全面貫徹百花齊放、百家爭鳴的方針。發展哲學社會科學。繁榮新聞出版、廣播影視、文學藝術。鼓勵創作優秀精神文化產品。

加大政府投入力度，加快構建覆蓋全社會的公共文化服務體系，加強公益性文化事業建設，特別是加強社區和鄉村文化設施建設。加快鄉鎮綜合文化站建設。推進全國文化信息共享、廣播電視村村通、農家書屋和農村電影放映工程。具有公益性質的博物館、紀念館和全國愛國主義教育示范基地，今明兩年內全部向社會免費開放。完善文化產業政策，加快文化產業基地和區域性特色文化產業群的建設。加強網絡文化建設和管理。規范文化市場，堅持開展“掃黃打非”。加強民族文化遺產保護。擴大對外文化交流。加強城鄉公共體育設施建設，廣泛開展全民健身活動，不斷提高競技體育水平。

2008年奧運會和殘奧會即將在北京舉辦。這是全體中華兒女的共同期盼，對于促進我國經濟社會發展、增進中國人民同世界各國人民的友誼與合作，具有重要意義。要扎實做好各項籌備和組織工作，加強國際合作，創造良好環境，確保成功舉辦一屆有特色、高水平的體育盛會。

(八)加強社會主義民主法制建設，促進社會公平正義

深化政治體制改革，發展社會主義政治文明。擴大人民民主，健全民主制度，豐富民主形式，拓寬民主渠道，依法實行民主選舉、民主決策、民主管理、民主監督，保障人民的知情權、參與權、表達權、監督權。發展基層民主，完善基層群眾自治制度，擴大基層群眾自治范圍，推動城鄉社區建設，深入推進政務公開、村務公開、廠務公開。發揮社會組織在擴大群眾參與、反映群眾訴求方面的積極作用，增強社會自治功能。

全面落實依法治國基本方略。加強政府立法，提高立法質量。今年要重點加強改善民生、推進社會建設、節約能源資源、保護生態環境等方面的立法。政府立法工作要廣泛聽取意見。制定與群眾利益密切相關的行政法規、規章，原則上都要公布草案，向社會公開征求意見。合理界定和調整行政法規執法權限，強化行政執法監督，全面落實行政執法責任制。健全市縣政府依法行政制度。加強對行政收費的規范管理，改革和完善司法、執法的財政保障機制。加強法規、規章和規范性文件的備案審查工作。健全行政復議體制，完善行政補償和行政賠償制度。做好法律服務和法律援助工作。深入開展法制宣傳教育，在全社會形成自覺學法守法用法的良好氛圍。

完善社會管理。加強社會組織建設，健全基層社會管理體制。做好信訪工作，完善信訪制度。健全社會矛盾調解機制，妥善處理人民內部矛盾，維護群眾合法權益。完善社會治安防控體系，加強社會治安綜合治理，深入開展平安創建活動。改革和加強城鄉社區警務工作，加強流動人口服務和管理。集中整治突出的治安問題和治安混亂地區，依法防范和打擊違法犯罪活動，保障人民生命財產安全，確保社會大局穩定。加強國家安全工作。

強化安全生產工作。加大源頭治理力度，遏制重特大安全事故的發生。鞏固和發展煤礦瓦斯治理和整頓關閉兩個攻堅戰成果，繼續開展重點行業領域安全專項整治。加強對各類安全事故隱患排查和整治工作，健全重大隱患治理、重大危險源監控制度，完善預報、預警、預防和應急救援體系。依法加強監管，嚴肅查處安全生產事故。

(九)加快行政管理體制改革，加強政府自身建設

行政管理體制改革是深化改革的重要環節，是政治體制改革的重要內容，也是完善社會主義市場經濟體制的必然要求。改革的總原則和要求是：堅持以人為本、執政為民，堅持同發展社會主義民主政治、發展社會主義市場經濟相適應，堅持科學民主決策、依法行政、加強行政監督，堅持管理創新和制度創新，堅持發揮中央和地方兩個積極性。要著力轉變職能、理順關系、優化結構、提高效能，形成權責一致、分工合理、決策科學、執行順暢、監管有力的行政管理體制。

第一，加快轉變政府職能。這是深化行政管理體制改革的核心。健全政府職責體系，全面正確地履行政府職能，努力建設服務型政府。在加強和改善經濟調節、市場監管的同時，更加注重社會管理和公共服務，維護社會公正和社會秩序，促進基本公共服務均等化。重視發揮行業協會、商會等組織的作用。

第二，深化政府機構改革。這次國務院機構改革方案，主要圍繞轉變職能，合理配置宏觀調控部門的職能，調整和完善行業管理機構，加強社會管理和公共服務部門，探索實行職能有機統一的大部門體制；針對職責交叉、權責脫節問題，明確界定部門分工和權限，理順部門職責關系，健全部門間的協調配合機制。國務院機構改革方案將提交本次大會審議。

第三，完善行政監督制度。堅持用制度管權、管事、管人。加強行政權力監督，規范行政許可行為。強化政府層級監督，充分發揮監察、審計等專門監督的作用。自覺接受社會各個方面的監督。推行行政問責制度和政府績效管理制度。切實加強公務員隊伍建設。嚴肅法紀政紀，堅決改變有令不行、有禁不止的現象。大力推行政務公開，健全政府信息發布制度，完善各類公開辦事制度，提高政府工作透明度，創造條件讓人民更有效地監督政府。

第四，加強廉政建設。要把反腐倡廉建設放在更加突出的位置，旗幟鮮明地反對腐敗。堅持標本兼治、綜合治理、懲防并舉、注重預防的方針，扎實推進懲治和預防腐敗體系建設。特別要解決權力過分集中和缺乏制約的問題。從根本上加強制度建設，規范財政轉移支付、土地和礦產資源開發、政府采購、國有資產轉讓等公共資源管理。加大專項治理力度，重點解決環境保護、食品藥品安全、安全生產、土地征收征用與房屋拆遷等方面群眾反映強烈的問題，堅決糾正損害群眾利益的不正之風。大力提倡艱苦奮斗，堅決制止奢侈浪費。嚴肅查處各類違法違紀案件，深入開展治理商業賄賂，依法嚴懲腐敗分子，決不姑息。各位代表！

我國是統一的多民族國家，必須堅持各民族共同團結奮斗、共同繁榮發展。堅持和完善民族區域自治制度，促進少數民族和民族地區經濟社會發展，鞏固和發展平等團結互助和諧的社會主義民族關系。全面貫徹黨的宗教工作基本方針，落實宗教事務條例，發揮宗教界人士和信教群眾在促進經濟社會發展中的積極作用。做好新時期僑務工作，進一步發揮海外僑胞和歸僑僑眷在祖國現代化建設與和平統一大業中的作用。

加強國防和軍隊建設，是發展中國特色社會主義的戰略任務，必須統籌經濟建設和國防建設，在推進現代化事業進程中實現富國和強軍的統一。要堅持以毛澤東軍事思想、鄧小平新時期軍隊建設思想、江澤民國防和軍隊建設思想為指導，認真落實胡錦濤同志關于新形勢下國防和軍隊建設重要論述，把科學發展觀作為國防和軍隊建設的重要指導方針。著眼全面履行新世紀新階段軍隊歷史使命，提高軍隊應對多種安全威脅、完成多樣化軍事任務的能力，堅決維護國家主權、安全和領土完整，為全面建設小康社會提供強有力的保障。加強人民武裝警察部隊建設，提高執勤、處置突發事件、反恐維穩的能力。加強國防教育，增強全民國防觀念。完善國防動員體系。鞏固軍政軍民團結。

堅定不移地貫徹“一國兩制”、“港人治港”、“澳人治澳”、高度自治的方針，嚴格按照特別行政區基本法辦事；全力支持香港、澳門兩個特別行政區政府依法施政；進一步加強內地與兩個特別行政區在經貿、科技、教育、文化、衛生、體育等領域的交流合作。我們堅信，香港、澳門同胞一定能夠把香港、澳門管理和建設得更好。

堅持“和平統一、一國兩制”的基本方針和新形勢下發展兩岸關系、促進祖國和平統一的各項政策，牢牢把握兩岸關系和平發展的主題，鼓勵兩岸同胞加強交往、增進共識，積極促進兩岸經濟文化交流，推動直接“三通”。實施和充實惠及廣大臺灣同胞的政策措施，支持海峽西岸和其他臺商投資相對集中地區的經濟發展。爭取在一個中國的基礎上盡快恢復兩岸協商談判，解決兩岸同胞關心的重大問題。堅決反對“臺獨”分裂活動，絕不允許任何人以名義任何方式把臺灣從祖國分割出去。任何涉及中國主權和領土完整的問題，必須由包括臺灣同胞在內的全中國人民共同決定。“臺獨”分裂勢力企圖改變大陸和臺灣同屬一個中國的現狀，破壞臺海和平，是注定要失敗的。兩岸統一是中華民族走向偉大復興的歷史必然。海內外中華兒女共同奮斗，一定能夠完成祖國統一大業！

在新的一年，我們要高舉和平、發展、合作的旗幟，堅持獨立自主的和平外交政策，堅持和平發展的道路，堅持互利共贏的開放戰略，推動建設持久和平、共同繁榮的和諧世界。要努力發展同發達國家的關系，全面深化同周邊國家的睦鄰友好關系，大力加強同發展中國家的團結合作，積極開展多邊外交，推動重大熱點問題和全球性問題的妥善解決，維護我國公民和法人在海外的合法權益。中國政府和人民愿同各國人民一道，共同分享發展機遇，共同應對風險挑戰，共同推進人類和平與發展的崇高事業。

各位代表！

回顧五年的成就，令人鼓舞；展望未來發展，催人奮進。偉大的祖國已邁上新的歷史征程，前景無限美好。讓我們在以胡錦濤同志為總書記的黨中央領導下，高舉中國特色社會主義偉大旗幟，以鄧小平理論和“三個代表”重要思想為指導，深入貫徹落實科學發展觀，解放思想，改革創新，扎實工作，為奪取全面建設小康社會新勝利而努力奮斗！

REPORT ON THE WORK OF THE GOVERNMENT

Delivered at the First Session of the Eleventh National

People's Congress on March 5, 2008

Wen Jiabao

Premier of the State Council

Fellow Deputies，On behalf of the State Council, I would now like to deliver to you a report on the work of the government over the past five years and on the arrangements for its work this year for your deliberation and approval and also for comments and suggestions from the members of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference(CPPCC).I.Review of the Work of the Past Five Years

The past five years since the First Session of the Tenth National People's Congress was a momentous period.Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China(CPC), governments at all levels and people of all the ethnic groups in China diligently followed the guiding principles set out at the Sixteenth CPC National Congress and worked in concert and with dedication.We vigorously responded to the complex and volatile international environment, strove to overcome various difficulties hindering economic and social development, and prevailed over the sudden and severe outbreak of SARS and catastrophic natural disasters such as the recent snow and ice storms in the south that the region has rarely seen before.We made major achievements in reform, opening up and modernization, which attracted the attention of the world.– The economy reached a new high.China's GDP in 2007 reached 24.66 trillion yuan, an increase of 65.5% over 2002 and an average annual increase of 10.6%, rising from the sixth highest one in the world to the fourth.Total government revenue reached 5.13 trillion yuan, a 171% increase over 2002.Our foreign exchange reserves exceeded US$ 1.52 trillion.– The agricultural tax was rescinded, ending the centuries-old practice of farmers paying taxes.China's grain output rose four consecutive years to reach 501.5 million tons in 2007.– Major progress was made in the reform of state-owned enterprises(SOEs), the financial system, fiscal and taxation systems, the system of foreign trade and economic cooperation, and the administrative system.China has entered a new stage in developing a more open economy.Total volume of imports and exports reached $2.17 trillion in 2007, raising China from the sixth largest trading nation in the world to the third largest.– Good progress was made in efforts to make China more innovative, and a number of major scientific and technological innovations with international impact were made.Manned spaceflights and our first moon exploration project were successfully carried out.– Free compulsory education was made available to all rural students, marking an important milestone in the history of the development of education in China.The basic frameworks for a public health system and a system of basic medical services covering both urban and rural areas have been put in place.– Steady improvement was made in the urban and rural system of public cultural services.Significant progress was made in reform of the cultural management system, and the development of cultural programs and cultural industries was accelerated.The Shanghai Special Olympics was successfully held.Preparations for the 2008 Olympics and Paralympics in Beijing and the 2010 World Expo in Shanghai proceeded smoothly.– Progress was made in developing democracy and the legal system and in enhancing law-based government.Greater efforts were made to safeguard people's rights and interests and ensure social fairness and justice.– People's living standards improved significantly.Fifty-one million urban jobs were created over the past five years.Urban per capita annual disposable income rose from 7,703 yuan in 2002 to 13,786 yuan in 2007, and rural per capita annual net income rose from 2,476 yuan to 4,140 yuan during the same period.The basic framework for a social safety net for both urban and rural areas was put in place.The number of people living in poverty was reduced every year.All these improvements fully demonstrate that during the past five-year period great strides were made in carrying out reform and opening up and building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.During this time the productive forces and overall national strength were significantly improved, social programs were comprehensively developed, people received even greater benefits and China's international standing and influence constantly grew.During the past five years we established and put into practice the Scientific Outlook on Development, worked hard on economic development, deepened reform and opening up, ensured the wellbeing of the people, improved their lives, and promoted social harmony.We made great efforts and accomplished a great deal.1.Improving macroeconomic regulation to promote steady and rapid economic development.We endeavored to make macroeconomic regulation more proactive, responsive and effective, with the focus on resolving major problems affecting economic operation.Over the past few years, we tightened controls on the supplies of land and credit, raised market access requirements, adjusted financial and monetary policies as needed, improved industrial policies and the land policy, adjusted the economic structure, shored up weak links and effectively regulated economic operation to address problems such as overheated growth in fixed asset investment, excessive supplies of money and credit, excessively large trade surplus, and weakness in agriculture, the foundation of the economy, which could cause economic development to become unstable, unbalanced and unsustainable.In response to changes in the economy, we have repeatedly made timely adjustments in the required reserve ratio and the benchmark interest rates for savings and loans in financial institutions and rescinded or reduced export tax rebates for resource products and products whose production is energy intensive or highly polluting.These macroeconomic regulatory measures produced significant results, and China's economy maintained steady and rapid development throughout the five-year period, without experiencing major fluctuations.We adopted a series of major measures related to institutions, policies and investment to increase grain production and rural incomes as a matter of priority and strengthen agriculture as the foundation of the economy.We completely rescinded the agricultural tax, livestock tax and tax on special agricultural products throughout China, reducing the burden on farmers by an average of 133.5 billion yuan per year.In addition, we set up a subsidy scheme for agriculture, instituting direct subsidies for grain producers, subsidies for superior crop varieties, subsidies for the purchase of agricultural machinery and tools, and general subsidies for agricultural production supplies and providing incentives to major grain-producing counties and subsidies to counties and townships with serious financial difficulties.Investment in agriculture and rural areas was greatly increased.Central government allocations for agriculture, rural areas and farmers reached 1.6 trillion yuan over the past five years, including nearly 300 billion yuan that was used for developing rural infrastructure.Local governments also substantially increased their input.During the five-year period, an additional 6.667 million hectares of farmland was equipped with water-saving irrigation facilities, methane gas was made available to 16.5 million more households, 1.3 million kilometers of rural roads were built or upgraded, and safe drinking water was provided to an additional 97.48 million rural residents.A system for the prevention and control of major animal diseases was set up, and the spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza was prevented.These measures greatly encouraged farmers to grow more, gave a strong impetus to the development of a new socialist countryside and brought historic changes to rural China to the great satisfaction of hundreds of millions of rural people.Agricultural development played an important role in ensuring the overall stability and development of China's economy and society.We formulated the Outline of the National Program for Long-and Medium-Term Scientific and Technological Development, which contains comprehensive plans for the development of science and technology in China from 2006 through 2020 and calls for the launching of a number of major projects.This will have an important and far-reaching impact on efforts to strengthen China's capacity for independent innovation and make it an innovative country.Work in basic research and research in leading-edge technologies was intensified;a number of major innovations such as high-performance computers, third generation mobile communications, and super-hybrid rice were achieved;and a number of products that are competitive and carry Chinese intellectual property rights were developed.The central government spent 340.6 billion yuan on science and technology over the past five years.China's total investment in research, experimentation and development rose from the 128.8 billion yuan of 2002 to 366.4 billion yuan in 2007, with its share in the GDP rising from 1.07% to 1.49%.Major progress was made in developing a system for technological innovation in which enterprises play a key role.The capacity of scientific and technological innovation to sustain and boost economic and social development was markedly increased.We formulated and implemented a series of industrial policies and special plans designed to improve and upgrade the industrial structure.Development of new and high technology industries in information, biology, aerospace, new energy sources, new materials and oceanography was accelerated.Efforts to boost the equipment manufacturing industry produced significant results.Development of modern service industries such as tourism, banking and distribution was accelerated.Great progress was made in the development of infrastructure and basic industries, marked by the completion of or smooth progress on a number of major projects.The Qinghai-Tibet Railway was opened to traffic a year ahead of time;the Three Gorges Project is fully playing its designed role in flood prevention, power generation and shipping;the projects to send electricity and gas from China's western region to the eastern region are fully operational;the project to divert water from southern China to northern China is progressing smoothly;and construction has been started on a number of major projects such as the Xiluodu Hydroelectric Plant, Hongyanhe Nuclear Power Plant, Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway, a ten million-ton capacity oil refinery and a million-ton capacity ethylene plant.Major progress has been made in the prospecting and development of the Puguang Gas Field and the Nanpu Oldfield.Newly added power-generating capacity over the five years totaled 350 million kW, equivalent to all the capacity added between 1950 and 2002.A total of 192,000 kilometers of highways were built, including 28,000 kilometers of expressways.A total of 6,100 kilometers of new railway lines went into operation.An additional 568 berths that can handle ships larger than 10,000 tons were completed.The number of telecommunications users was increased by 494 million.All of the above measures effectively improved the capacity of the energy, transportation and communications sectors and strengthened the basis for further economic and social development.We gave high priority to conserving resources and protecting the environment.Obligatory targets for saving energy and reducing emissions were set in the Outline of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development.In the last two years, a general work plan for saving energy and reducing emissions was introduced;a system of targets for this work, a monitoring system, a system for assessing work performance and a system of accountability for reaching the targets were put in place;and a state plan to address climate change was promulgated.A large number of backward production facilities were shut down in accordance with the law.They include small thermal power plants with a total capacity of 21.57 million kW, 11,200 small coal mines, backward iron smelting facilities with a total capacity of 46.59 million tons, backward steel plants with a total capacity of 37.47 million tons and cement plants with a total capacity of 87 million tons.Ten major energy-saving projects were launched.Breakthroughs were made in carrying out desulfurizing projects for coal-fired power plants.The central government provided financial support for 691 projects to prevent and control water pollution in major river valleys.Work continued on ecological conservation projects such as those to protect natural forests and control the factors causing sandstorms in Beijing and Tianjin.During the five-year period, the area of farmland retired for forestation and other lands planted with trees amounted to 31.91 million hectares, and grazing land returned to natural grasslands totaled 34.6 million hectares.Protection of land and water resources was strengthened, with a total of 1.526 million hectares of farmland being upgraded, reclaimed or newly developed over the last five years.Thanks to the strong efforts of the whole country, encouraging progress was made in conserving energy and reducing emissions.In 2007 there was a 3.27% year-on-year drop in energy consumption per unit of GDP, and for the first time in recent years there was a reduction in both chemical oxygen demand and the total emission of sulfur dioxide, with the former down 3.14% and the latter down 4.66% from the previous year.People became more aware of the importance of conserving resources and protecting the environment and made greater efforts in this area.We followed a master strategy for regional development.Continued progress was made in the large-scale development of the western region, with central government financial support for key projects totaling over 280 billion yuan over the last five years.Substantial progress was made in infrastructure development and ecological and environmental conservation projects, and development of key areas and industries with local advantages was accelerated.We formulated and implemented the strategy of rejuvenating the old industrial bases such as northeast China, increased efforts to develop large grain production bases, made breakthroughs in reforming, reorganizing and upgrading SOEs, made major progress in using domestically-produced key equipment in place of imports, and made smooth headway in the trial to transform the economies of cities dependent on resource exploitation.The old industrial bases are now showing new signs of vitality.We formulated and implemented policies and measures to promote development in the central region and made accelerated progress in developing modern agriculture in major grain-producing areas.Major energy and raw material industries, the equipment manufacturing industry and the overall transportation system were further developed.The eastern region continued to lead in development, with significant gains in economic strength and overall improvement.The process of developing and opening up the special economic zones, the Shanghai Pudong New Area and the Tianjin Binhai New Area was accelerated.These major measures promoted a better distribution and more balanced development of regional economies.2.Working hard on reform and opening up, concentrating on institutional development and innovation.Rural reforms were deepened across the board.Major progress was made in the current stage of the overall rural reform, mainly consisting of reform of town and township government bodies, reform of the rural compulsory education system and reform of the fiscal systems at the county and township levels.Government control of grain purchasing was lifted, and the purchase and sale of grain are now market based.Successful trials were carried out in reforming the system of collective forest rights.Smooth progress was made in the reform of supply and marketing cooperatives and state-owned farms.Continued progress was made in improving the basic economic system.We consolidated and developed the public sector of the economy, made progress in reform of the management system for state-owned assets and adjustment of the distribution and structure of the state sector of the economy, and set up and improved a system for investors of state assets.We accelerated the reform to institute a stockholding system in SOEs, and a number of large companies and conglomerates with the ability to compete internationally were formed.Reform of the postal service system proceeded smoothly, and encouraging progress was made in reforming the power, telecommunications, civil aviation and railway industries.The total value of assets of Chinese SOEs in 2006 grew by 60.98% compared to 2002, their total profits increased by 223%, and their tax contributions grew by 105%.The vitality of the state sector and its impact and influence on the economy as a whole were greatly enhanced.We formulated and implemented a series of policies and measures to foster a legal framework and market environment conducive to fair competition, and encouraged, supported and guided the development of the nonpublic sector, which includes individual-proprietorship businesses and private enterprises.As a result, the nonpublic sector of the economy is playing an increasingly bigger role in stimulating economic growth, creating jobs, increasing tax revenue, and invigorating the market.We vigorously promoted reform of the banking, fiscal and taxation systems.We resolutely carried out reform addressing the poor performance and greater financial risks of state-owned commercial banks.The Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, the Bank of China, the China Construction Bank and the Bank of Communications were turned into stockholding companies and listed on stock markets.This brought about significant improvement in the quality of their assets and profitability as well as major changes in the banking industry.We resolutely carried out reform of the shareholder structure in listed companies and resolved this longstanding institutional problem that hindered the development of the securities market.Key state-owned insurance firms were reorganized and went public, promoting rapid development of the insurance industry.Substantive progress was made in making interest rates more market-based.We reformed the RMB exchange rate regime to gradually make the exchange rate more flexible.Comprehensive progress was made in reform of the system for managing foreign exchange.Reform of the fiscal and taxation systems was deepened, and the system of transfer payments and the system of public finance were steadily improved.The central government turned over 4.25 trillion yuan in transfer payments to local governments from 2003 to 2007, with 87% of it allocated to the central and western regions.A budget system for managing state capital was introduced in some enterprises on a trial basis.We launched and expanded trials to reform the value-added tax.The income tax systems for domestic and overseas-funded enterprises were unified.A unified state civil servant salary system based on both position and rank was set up, and the system of subsidies and allowances was basically standardized.Further progress was made in reform of the investment system and pricing system.Work to develop the market system was intensified.Market forces played an increasingly important role in trade in the factors of production.The modernization of commodity distribution was accelerated.Significant achievements were made in the effort to rectify order in the markets for land and mineral resources and improve the quality of products and the safety of food and drugs.Protection of intellectual property rights was strengthened, and we severely cracked down on violations of the law such as the production and sale of counterfeit goods, pyramid schemes, commercial fraud, piracy and infringement on others'rights.We continued to open China wider to the outside world.We honored all the commitments we made when we entered the World Trade Organization and made all the required adjustments for the transition period.We deepened reform of the externally oriented economic system to facilitate trade and investment.We lifted controls over access to foreign trade, greatly lowered tariffs, rescinded non-tariff measures such as import quotas and permits, and opened banking, commerce, telecommunications and other service sectors wider.There was gradual improvement in the mix of imports and exports.There was further improvement in the utilization of foreign capital.The “go global” strategy was resolutely implemented and significant results were obtained in mutually beneficial economic cooperation with other countries.3.Strengthening all aspects of social development, ensuring the wellbeing of the people and improving their lives.We steadfastly carried out overall planning for economic and social development, accelerated the development and reform of social programs in education, health, culture and sports and worked hard to resolve problems affecting the vital interests of the people.Education.Public expenditures on education in China reached 2.43 trillion yuan over the five-year period, a 126% increase compared to the previous five-year period.Funding for rural compulsory education is now fully provided by the government budget.All the 150 million students receiving compulsory education in rural areas are exempt from paying tuition and miscellaneous fees and are supplied with free textbooks, and living allowances are provided to the 7.8 million students from poor families who stay in school dormitories.The plan to make nine-year compulsory education basically universal and to basically eliminate illiteracy among young and middle-aged adults in the western region was implemented on schedule.The state allocated special funds to support the renovation of dilapidated buildings at more than 22,000 rural primary and secondary schools and the building of more than 7,000 schools with student dormitory facilities.Distance education now covers 360,000 rural primary and middle schools, making quality education available to more rural students.Greater efforts were made to develop vocational education, with the student population reaching 20 million at secondary vocational schools and 8.61 million at vocational colleges in 2007.A total of 11.44 million students were enrolled in undergraduate and graduate programs in regular institutions of higher learning.More effort was put into developing key disciplines in institutions of higher learning.A system of government scholarships and financial aid to students in regular undergraduate institutions, vocational colleges and secondary vocational schools was instituted and improved, and its funding from the central government budget was increased from 2.05 billion yuan in 2006 to 9.8 billion yuan in 2007.This enabled over 20% of the students in institutions of higher learning and more than 90% of the students in secondary vocational schools to benefit from financial aid and allowed schools to greatly raise the amount of aid offered.An experiment to provide free education to education students at normal universities directly under the Ministry of Education was launched in 2007.Major progress was made in providing equitable education opportunities for all.The strategy of reinvigorating China through development of human resources was extensively applied.Great efforts were made to train Chinese personnel, bring in needed personnel from other countries and make wise use of skilled personnel of all types, thus strengthening the ranks of high-caliber, highly skilled personnel in China.Health.Total government expenditures on medical and health care in China over the five-year period reached 629.4 billion yuan, a 127% increase compared to the previous five-year period.The funding was mainly used to develop the public health service system, the medical service system and the medical security system, and basically complete the formation of the disease prevention and control system and emergency medical response system with a fairly comprehensive range of functions, covering both urban and rural areas.The number of diseases covered by the state plan for immunization and disease prevention was increased from 7 to 15, and AIDS, tuberculosis, schistosomiasis and other major communicable diseases are now treated free of charge.The state allocated funds to renovate or build 18,800 town and township health clinics, 786 county hospitals, 285 county traditional Chinese medicine hospitals and 534 county health centers for women and children, and equip 11,700 town and township health clinics with medical equipment, significantly improving conditions for providing medical and health care services in the countryside.More than 24,000 community health clinics were set up in China, further improving the new system of medical and health care services in urban areas.Further progress was made in carrying out population and family planning programs, and the birthrate remained stable at a low level.People''s health continued to improve, infant and maternal mortality rates dropped significantly, and average life expectancy reached 73 years in 2005.These are momentous achievements for China, a developing country with a population of 1.3 billion.Employment.The government continued to follow and improve the policy that strongly promotes employment and to adopt fiscal, taxation and financial measures to increase employment.Expenditures for employment programs from the central government budget in the form of subsidies totaled 66.6 billion yuan over the five-year period.Urban and rural systems for providing public employment services were further strengthened.Efforts were intensified to increase employment and reemployment in a well-planned way, and training in vocational skills was comprehensively strengthened.As a result, more than ten million urban people got jobs and eight million rural workers found work in nonagricultural sectors per year on average.The problem of finding other employment opportunities for workers laid off from SOEs was basically solved, and the work of incorporating basic cost of living allowances for laid-off workers into the unemployment insurance system was completed.The employment situation remained basically stable despite a large increase in the total workforce and great pressure on employment.Social safety net.Governments at all levels spent a total of 1.95 trillion yuan on building up the social safety net over the five-year period, a 141% increase compared to the previous five-year period.Continued improvement was made in the basic old-age insurance system for urban workers, with the number of participating workers exceeding 200 million in 2007, an increase of more than 54 million compared to 2002.Trials to fully fund personal accounts for basic old-age insurance were expanded to 11 province-level administrative units.Basic pensions for enterprise retirees were raised three years in a row beginning in 2005.A total of 329.5 billion yuan was allocated for old-age insurance programs from the central government budget in the form of subsidies over the last five years.The number of urban workers participating in basic medical insurance reached 180 million in 2007, nearly twice the number in 2002.The trial of basic medical insurance for urban residents was launched in 88 cities.Continued improvement was made in the new system of rural cooperative medical care, which now covers 86% of all counties and 730 million rural residents in China.Funds to support the national social safety net totaled 414 billion yuan, an increase of 289.8 billion yuan over 2002.Establishment of the urban and rural emergency aid system was basically completed.The system of basic cost of living allowances for urban residents was improved, with gradually rising standards and allowances.A system of basic cost of living allowances was established in all rural areas of China in 2007, covering 34.519 million rural residents.The systems provide a fundamental institution to assist poor people in urban and rural areas to meet basic living expenses.Further progress was made in developing social welfare, providing special assistance to entitled groups and developing charity programs and programs to help people with physical and mental disabilities.Efforts to combat disasters and provide disaster relief were greatly strengthened, with total expenditures from the central government budget reaching 55.1 billion yuan for the five-year period.This helped restore normal working and living conditions for disaster victims.Culture and sports.Government expenditures for culture and sports programs totaled 310.4 billion yuan for the five-year period, a 130% increase over the previous five-year period.The basic elements of a public cultural services system at the county and township levels were put in place, and basically every county now has a library and cultural center.Substantive progress was made in setting up local cultural facilities such as the projects to set up a national shared databank of cultural information and resources and extend radio and television coverage to all villages.Philosophy, the social sciences, the press and publishing, radio, film and television, literature and art thrived.Protection of cultural relics and intangible cultural heritage was strengthened.Cultural exchanges with other countries were intensified.Development of public sports facilities in urban and rural areas was accelerated, mass sports activities developed vigorously, and Chinese athletes did well in international competitions.Personal income and consumer spending.Vigorous efforts were made to increase the incomes of urban and rural residents, especially low-income persons.The minimum wage was increased.The problem of arrears in the wages of rural migrant workers in urban areas was basically resolved.The standards for financial aid to key entitled groups were increased four times, and plans were implemented to resolve the practical problems of demobilized military personnel.The tax on interest earnings from individual savings deposits was lowered and the earnings threshold for the individual income tax was raised.There was a general increase in family assets.Upgrading of consumer spending proceeded at a faster pace, and there was a great increase in the number of family-owned cars and rapid spread in the use of cell phones, computers and Internet services.The number of people going on vacations increased several fold.There was further improvement in housing conditions, encouraging progress was made in improving conditions in shantytowns, and much more public services were made available to urban and rural residents.Public administration.Work in this area was concentrated on protecting the legitimate rights and interests of the people and resolving social tensions.We formulated and implemented policies and measures for protecting the legitimate rights and interests of rural migrant workers in urban areas.We devoted a great deal of effort to resolving infringements on the interests of the public related to land expropriation and requisition, housing demolition, enterprises converting to a stockholding system and environmental protection.Improvement was made in the handling of complaints made by individuals through letters and visits.We paid very close attention to improving workplace safety and the safety oversight system, instituted a responsibility system for workplace safety and improved related legislation.The public security system for crime prevention and control was further strengthened, and overall crime control work was intensified.We combated criminal activities in accordance with the law, effectively protected China''s security and maintained law and order.Taking advantage of the rapid development of the economy and significant improvement of public finance, we worked hard to resolve some longstanding problems.We sold off nonperforming assets of state-owned commercial banks, made alternate arrangements for nonperforming loans and long-term non-paying accounts of rural credit cooperatives, eased the long-term debts of SOEs, gradually eased policy-related losses of state-owned grain enterprises, cleared up overdue tax rebates for exports, and improved the policy for paying compensation for requisition of land for large and medium-sized reservoirs and assisting people displaced by reservoir projects.Resolution of these problems played an important role in promoting economic and social development.We made major progress over the past five years in enhancing democracy and the legal system, building national defense and the military, doing our work related to Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, and conducting diplomacy.We made steady progress in improving socialist democracy and the socialist legal system.Governments at all levels conscientiously accepted the oversight of the people's congress and its standing committee at the corresponding level;voluntarily accepted the democratic oversight by CPPCC committees;carefully listened to the views of the democratic parties, federations of industry and commerce, persons without party affiliation and people's organizations;solicited suggestions of experts, scholars and the general public in a variety of forms;and accepted the oversight of the media and all sectors of society.Governments at all levels made public announcements and held public hearings before making major decisions.We stepped up efforts to develop autonomy in urban community and village administrative bodies and further improved the democratic system at the local level.During the past five years the State Council submitted 39 bills to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress and formulated or revised 137 administrative regulations.We explored ways to set up mechanisms and systems for orderly public participation in government legislation and published 15 draft laws and drafts of administrative regulations to solicit comments from the public.We carried out a thorough review of current administrative rules and regulations.We adhered to the Law on Regional Ethnic Autonomy and carried forward the programs to promote unity and progress among ethnic groups.The policy on freedom of religious belief was comprehensively implemented, and the administration of religious affairs was put on a more solid legal footing and further standardized.We comprehensively implemented the policy on matters related to overseas Chinese nationals and protected the legitimate rights and interests of overseas Chinese nationals, returned overseas Chinese nationals and their relatives.We stepped up all efforts to modernize the military.We vigorously pressed ahead with the revolution in military affairs with Chinese characteristics.We adjusted and reformed the military's structure and staffing and its related policies and systems and smoothly cut its size by 200,000 personnel.We made historic achievements in strengthening national defense and the military.The People's Liberation Army and the People's Armed Police Force made major contributions to safeguarding China's sovereignty, security and territorial integrity and to promoting social harmony and stability.We adhered to the principle of “one country, two systems” and acted in strict accordance with the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and the Basic Law of the Macao Special Administrative Region.We implemented the Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement between the mainland and the regions of Hong Kong and Macao.Both regions remained thriving and stable.We resolutely opposed and foiled secessionist activities aimed at Taiwan independence, thereby protecting China's sovereignty and territorial integrity and safeguarding peace in the Taiwan Straits.We carried out a number of measures to make it easier for people to visit between the two sides and for economic, scientific, educational, cultural and sports exchanges to take place in order to promote the peaceful and steady development of cross-Straits relations.We actively promoted exchange and cooperation with other countries, made major progress in conducting diplomacy on all fronts, and resolutely safeguarded and developed China's interests.China stepped up dialogue with the major countries and increased trust and expanded cooperation with them.China-US relations developed steadily, the China-Russia partnership of strategic coordination reached a new height, China-Europe cooperation in all areas went from strength to strength, and China-Japan relations improved.Good-neighborly relations with surrounding countries were further strengthened, further achievements were made in regional cooperation, and China's solidarity and cooperation with other developing countries entered a new stage.We successfully carried out a series of major multilateral diplomatic activities.We appropriately responded to new challenges in the international arena, actively and responsibly participated in efforts to resolve global issues, and played an important and constructive role in the resolution of issues concerning international and regional hotspots.We paid close attention to self-reform and self-improvement of the government during the five-year period.This government took scientific and democratic policy-making, law-based administration and better administrative oversight as the three basic principles for its work.We formulated the Program for Advancing All Aspects of Government Administration in Accordance with the Law and promoted change in the way the government functions and innovations in management, thereby improving public administration and public services.We diligently carried out the Administrative Permit Law and promoted reform of the system of administrative examination and approval.As a result, departments of the State Council eliminated or streamlined a total of 692 items requiring examination and approval.We promoted greater openness in government affairs, improved the system for releasing information, and increased the application of e-government.Establishment of a national emergency response management system was basically completed.Oversight work such as supervision and auditing was quite effective.Further improvement was made in education and training of civil servants and in developing a legislative framework for civil-service administration.We worked unceasingly to combat corruption and improve the conduct of the government, made good progress in combating bribery in business, uncovered a number of violations of laws and regulations and cases of neglect and dereliction of duty, and punished corrupt persons.We learned many valuable lessons in our experiences over the last five years.The main ones are as follows.First, we must continue to liberate our thinking.Liberating our thinking and following a realistic and pragmatic approach is the Party's ideological line.We must proceed from reality in everything we do, eliminate superstition, break the shackles of outdated ideas, respect the people's pioneering spirit, boldly explore new ways, take concrete action, be creative, and keep up with the times to ensure that the cause of socialist modernization retains its great vitality.Second, we must steadfastly apply the Scientific Outlook on Development.This is a major strategic concept for developing socialism with Chinese characteristics and an important guiding principle for China's economic and social development.We must continue to take development as the top priority, concentrate on changing the way the economy develops, and adjust the economic structure to improve the quality and efficiency of economic growth.We must always put people first, attach great importance to overall planning, and promote comprehensive, balanced and sustainable development.Only by thoroughly applying the Scientific Outlook on Development can we achieve sound and rapid economic and social development and promote social harmony.Third, we must adhere to the reform and opening up policy.Reform and opening up is a major and crucial choice that is shaping the destiny of contemporary China.We need to unswervingly promote reform in economic and political institutions, develop socialist democracy, improve the socialist market economy, liberate and develop the productive forces, promote social fairness and justice, and achieve all-round personal development.Opening up is also a kind of reform, and a nation cannot become strong if it is not open and inclusive.We must continue to pursue reform and opening up throughout the course of socialist modernization and never deviate from this policy.Fourth, we must continue to exercise effective macroeconomic regulation.Both macroeconomic regulation and market forces are components of the socialist market economy.We need to make better use of the basic role of market forces in allocating resources, revitalize enterprises and improve their competitive edge.At the same time, we need to improve macroeconomic regulation, continue to carry out macroeconomic regulation mainly through economic and legal means, and get the complete range of government policies to fully play their role.We must continue to deal with each situation on its own merits, encourage growth in some sectors and discourage it in others as the situation requires, and refrain from taking a uniform approach to different situations or putting on the brakes without good reason.We must continue to draw lessons from our experiences, make policy adjustments as needed and be result-oriented.We must integrate the use of market forces with macroeconomic regulation in order to ensure that the economy remains vigorous, performs well, and develops in a sustainable, healthy and balanced way.Fifth, we must continue to run the government for the people.All the power of the government comes from the people, and running the government for them is a lofty mission of governments at all levels.We must never forget that serving the people wholeheartedly is our purpose, and make sure that the aim and outcome of the work of the government is to fulfill, safeguard and develop the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of people.We need to attach greater importance to ensuring the wellbeing of the people and improving their lives, in particular showing concern for urban and rural residents with low incomes and helping them make ends meet in their daily lives, in order to ensure that all of the people share in the fruits of reform and development.We must always keep in mind that everything belongs to the people, do everything for their benefit, rely on them in everything we do and attribute all our successes to their efforts.Only by doing so can we enjoy the broadest and most reliable support from the people and draw from them the strength for ensuring success in all our endeavors.Sixth, we must continue to run the government in accordance with the law.Abiding by the Constitution and laws is a fundamental principle for all the work of the government.We need to exercise our power and perform our functions and responsibilities within the jurisdiction stipulated by law and in accordance with legal procedures, improve government legislative work, standardize administrative law enforcement, improve administrative oversight, develop law-based government and enhance our ability to carry out administrative functions in accordance with the law.We must ensure that government administration fully complies with the law, that power comes with responsibility, that there is proper oversight on the exercise of power, that reparation is paid for infringement of rights, that any violation of the law is prosecuted, and that power is exercised in a transparent manner.This is the only way to ensure that the power entrusted to us by the people is always exercised in their interests.We are also clearly aware that there are still many problems affecting China's economic and social development and the work of the government, and that changes in the domestic and international environment present many new challenges and risks.– There are still some prominent issues and deep-rooted problems affecting economic performance.China has experienced overheated growth in fixed asset investment, excessive supplies of money and credit, and imbalance in its international payments in recent years.Longstanding structural problems and the extensive pattern of growth remain serious problems.There is a lack of balance between investment and consumption, with the investment rate still running too high.Development of primary, secondary and tertiary industries is not in balance, with too much investment in primary industry, particularly heavy industry, but too little investment in the service industry.China's capacity for independent innovation is still weak and the price paid for economic growth in terms of resource consumption and environmental pressure is too great.Agriculture, the foundation of the economy, remains weak.The difficulty of maintaining steady agricultural development and keeping the incomes of farmers increasing has grown, and the growing development gap between urban and rural areas and between regions has not been checked.In particular, the institutional factors hindering economic development remain serious, making institutional reform a daunting task.– More work needs to be done to resolve problems affecting the vital interests of the people.The current price hikes and increasing inflationary pressures are the biggest concern of the people.Last year's consumer price index(CPI)rose by 4.8% year-on-year, mainly due to large increases in the cost of food and housing.There are a variety of factors behind the price increases.Though the domestic prices of farm products have remained low for many years and some of the recent price increases were therefore overdue and somewhat reasonable, price increases nevertheless have a great impact on people's lives, especially on the lives of the low-income sector of the population.The prices of primary commodities on the international market have risen considerably in recent years, which directly puts upward pressure on domestic prices.Because factors driving prices up are still at work, upward pressure on prices will remain great this year.In addition, prices of the means of production have continued to rise and real estate prices have risen steeply, making the task of holding down inflation difficult.There are still quite a few problems in employment, the social safety net, education, medical and health care, income distribution, housing, product quality and safety, workplace safety and public security, and we need to work harder to resolve them.– Both uncertainties in the international economic environment and potential risks have increased.As economic globalization proceeds, the Chinese economy becomes increasingly tied to the world economy.The current imbalance in the global economy is only getting worse and global economic growth is slowing, making international competition even fiercer.The impact of the US sub-prime mortgage crisis is expanding, the value of the dollar is continuing to fall, and there is greater risk in international financial markets.Grain prices are rising and prices for petroleum and other primary products remain high in the international market.Trade protectionism has gotten worse, and trade frictions have increased.The effect of certain political factors in the international arena on world economic trends cannot be overlooked.All this could adversely affect China's economic development.China is now in a critical period in its reform and development, and we must be fully prepared for changes in the international environment and become better able to defuse risks.– The government's self-improvement efforts and administration need to be strengthened.We are keenly aware that the work and accomplishments of the government still fall somewhat short of what circumstances require and the people expect.The functions of government have not been completely transformed, and public administration and public services are still weak.Some government departments have overlapping responsibilities, their powers and responsibilities are not well matched, some try to shirk their responsibilities, and their performance is poor.Some government employees have an inadequate sense of responsibility toward the public and are not competent enough.Oversight mechanisms and checks on government authority are not strong enough.The problems of formalism and bureaucratic behavior are fairly common, and fraud, extravagance and waste, and corruption are quite serious.We must remain clear-headed at all times, be more mindful of potential danger, be highly responsible to the country and the people, maintain a high sense of mission and urgency, work even more industriously, and successfully carry out all of the government's work.Fellow Deputies，The achievements of the past five years have not come easily.They were built on a foundation laid through many years of reform and opening up, and are attributable to the correct leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Hu Jintao as General Secretary, which has effectively managed the overall situation.Credit also goes to the hard work and concerted effort of the people of all the ethnic groups in China, and to the support and assistance of overseas Chinese nationals and foreign friends.Displaying indomitable determination, courage and will, the Chinese people have overcome untold difficulties and challenges and accomplished major tasks.On behalf of the State Council, I would like to sincerely thank the people of all the ethnic groups, the democratic parties, the people's organizations and people from all sectors of society.I would like to express my sincere thanks to our compatriots in Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions and in Taiwan, as well as overseas Chinese nationals.I would like to thank governments of other countries, international organizations and foreign friends of China around the world for their understanding of and support for China's modernization.II.Major Tasks for 2008

This is the first year for comprehensively implementing the guiding principles set out at the Seventeenth CPC National Congress.We face arduous tasks in reform and development, and it is very important for us to successfully carry out the work of the government.The basic guidelines and major tasks for the government's work are as follows: We must hold high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics;take Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of Three Represents as our guide;fully apply the Scientific Outlook on Development;attach greater importance to improving macroeconomic regulation, promoting reform, opening up and independent innovation, adjusting the economic structure and improving the quality of development, conserving resources and protecting the environment, and improving people's lives and promoting social harmony;promote socialist economic, political, cultural and social development;and accelerate the process of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.We have set the following targets for economic and social development in 2008: On the basis of improving the economic structure, productivity, energy efficiency and environmental protection, the GDP should grow by about 8%, and the rise in the CPI should be held at around 4.8%.Ten million jobs should be created in urban areas, and the rate of registered urban unemployment should be kept at around 4.5%.Some improvement should be made in the balance of payments.It is important to note here that in setting the GDP growth target at around 8% for 2008, we have taken into account a variety of domestic and international factors.Our goal is to maintain both steady and fast economic growth, and guide all sectors of society to concentrate on changing the pattern of development, deepening reform and accelerating social development.The different regions should not just seek faster growth or compete with each other to have the highest growth rate.We should promote both sound and fast economic and social development.The major considerations in setting the target for keeping the CPI this year at around 4.8% are as follows: Last year's price increases are still exerting a fairly strong influence and quite a few factors are creating inflationary pressure, making it difficult to bring price increases under control.At the same time, we have to take into consideration the ability of individuals, enterprises and all sectors of society to tolerate price increases and try our best to avoid sharp price increases.To attain the targets and accomplish the tasks for this year's economic and social development, we must adhere to the following principles: We must make progress while maintaining stability and aim for fast yet steady economic development.We must give priority to the quality rather than speed of development and accelerate improvement in the pattern of economic development.We must pursue reform and opening up and attach great importance to promoting institutional improvements and innovations.We must put people first and accelerate social development, with the focus on improving people's lives.The primary task for macroeconomic regulation this year is to prevent fast economic growth from becoming overheated growth and keep structural price increases from turning into significant inflation.There are quite a few uncertainties in the current economic situation at home and abroad, so we need to keep close track of new developments and problems, properly size up situations and take prompt and flexible measures to respond to them while keeping our feet firmly rooted in reality.We need to maintain the appropriate pace, focus and intensity of macroeconomic regulation to sustain steady and fast economic development and avoid drastic fluctuations in the economy.We need to concentrate on the following nine tasks this year:

1.Improving macroeconomic regulation to maintain fast yet steady economic development.In view of the current domestic and international economic situation we need to follow a prudent fiscal policy and a tight monetary policy this year to accomplish the tasks for macroeconomic regulation.Continuing to follow a prudent fiscal policy means that we must ensure the continuity and consistency of fiscal policy, get public finance to fully play its important role in promoting structural adjustment and balanced development, and increase expenditures to shore up weak links, improve people's lives and deepen reform.In addition, we need to further reduce the budget deficit and the volume of long-term development treasury bonds.The deficit for the central government budget this year is set at 180 billion yuan, 65 billion yuan less than last year.We plan to issue 30 billion yuan of treasury bonds for investment, 20 billion yuan less than last year, and increase allocations from the central government budget for general development, bringing total central government investment in development projects up to 152.1 billion yuan.We will continue to adjust the structure of government spending and investment by greatly increasing spending on agriculture, rural areas and farmers, the social safety net, medical and health care, education, culture, energy conservation and emissions reduction, and construction of low-rent housing.We will work hard to increase revenue and reduce expenditures, tighten tax collection and management in accordance with the law, improve management of non-tax revenue, and control regular expenditures.We need to reform the management of government investment to improve the performance of investments.Government revenue surplus must be used wisely.Total government revenue exceeded the targeted figure by more than 723.9 billion yuan last year, including 416.8 billion yuan in the central government budget.Surplus revenue should be concentrated on solving problems that have a direct bearing on people's lives, making institutional and structural improvements and strengthening weak links.Spending on the following items will be increased in accordance with the law: rebates on the consumption tax and value-added tax and general transfer payments to local governments;agriculture, forestry, water conservancy projects, education, culture, science, the social safety net, medical and health care, legal aid, construction of low-rent housing, energy conservation, emissions reduction and environmental protection;and resolution of debts for rural compulsory education, debts of state-owned grain enterprises and other long-overdue payments.In addition, the budget deficit should be reduced by 45 billion yuan and the central budget stability and regulation fund should be increased by 103.2 billion yuan.The decision to follow a tight monetary policy was based on the following considerations: the strong possibility of a resurgence in fixed asset investment, continued excessive supplies of money and credit, the still-unsolved problem of excess liquidity, and considerable inflationary pressure.For these reasons, we must improve financial regulation to control the excessively rapid growth in the supplies of money and credit.First, we will step up efforts to curb excess liquidity by using a combination of open market operations and the required deposit reserve ratio.We will make appropriate use of the lever of interest rates.We will improve the RMB exchange rate regime to make the exchange rate more flexible.Second, with the focus on improving the credit structure, we will strictly follow requirements for granting loans and guarantee some loans while restricting others.We will limit the increase in long-and medium-term loans, particularly to enterprises that are energy intensive or highly polluting and enterprises in industries with excess production capacity.We will make innovations and improvements in bank credit services, improve the systems of guarantees and interest discounts, and increase credit support for agriculture, rural areas, farmers, service industries, small and medium-sized enterprises, independent innovation, energy conservation, environmental protection, and balancing regional development.Third, we will deepen reform of the foreign exchange administration system.We will improve the system for foreign exchange settlements and sales and payments in foreign exchange, tighten oversight on the flow of capital across borders, and move steadily toward making the RMB convertible for capital accounts.We will develop new channels and means for using foreign exchange reserves.Comprehensive measures will be adopted to improve the balance of payments.One major task for macroeconomic regulation this year is to prevent the overall price level from rising rapidly.To fulfill this task, we must take powerful measures to increase effective supply while curbing excessive demand.First, we must expand production, especially the production of the basic necessities of life such as grain, vegetable oil and meat as well as other commodities in short supply.We must also earnestly implement policies and measures designed to support production and ensure coordination in the production, transport and sale of products.Second, we must strictly control industrial use of grain and grain exports.The reckless expansion of the capacity for intensive corn processing and construction work on such projects that violate regulations must be stopped.Third, we need to speed up improvement of the reserve system, improve methods for adjusting reserves and import and export volumes, and appropriately increase imports of major consumer goods that are in short supply on the domestic market.Fourth, we need to ensure that the timing and the size of government adjustments to prices are appropriate, and necessary adjustment of prices of resource products and public services should also be strictly controlled to prevent waves of price increases.Fifth, we need to improve the early-warning system to monitor supply and demand and price changes of principal agricultural products and primary products, and put in place a plan for responding to drastic changes in market supply and demand and prices.Sixth, we must strengthen market and price oversight and pay close attention to the oversight and inspection of prices and charges related to education, medical care, drugs, agricultural supplies, agriculture, rural areas and farmers.Illegal activities such as colluding or hoarding to drive up prices will be punished in accordance with the law.Seventh, we need to promptly improve and implement measures to aid the low-income sector of the population.In particular, we need to increase subsidies to poor people and students from poor families to ensure that their basic living standards do not drop because of price increases.Eighth, we must work to make sure that the prices of the means of production, particularly agricultural supplies, do not rise rapidly.Ninth, we will continue to implement the system of provincial governors assuming responsibility for the “rice bag”(grain supply)program and city mayors for the “vegetable basket”(nonstaple food supply)program.Governments at all levels must give high priority to keeping prices stable because price stability has a direct bearing on the quality of people's lives.The country currently has an adequate stock of grain, and the supply of major manufactured consumer goods exceeds demand.We can ensure adequate supply in the market and basic price stability as long as governments at all levels work to improve their leadership, diligently implement all policies and measures, and mount a concerted effort from the highest to the lowest level.The recent disaster resulting from snow and ice storms caused significant losses to China's economy and made life very difficult for disaster victims.We will continue the work of repairing the damage and minimizing losses from the disaster.Affected infrastructure will be promptly repaired, with the focus on restoring power grids.Agricultural production will be resumed as soon as possible.We will closely coordinate supplies of coal, electricity, petroleum and transportation to help disaster victims get back on their feet.In addition, we will learn from this large-scale natural disaster.We must accelerate development of infrastructure, including electricity, transportation and communications, to improve its capacity to resist disasters and maintain normal operations.We must improve the systems and mechanisms for responding to disasters to increase our ability to prevent and handle emergencies.We must step up research to better understand the features and patterns of natural disasters under modern conditions and improve our ability to prevent and mitigate them.2.Strengthening agriculture as the foundation of the economy, promoting development of agriculture and increasing farmer incomes.We will do everything possible to ensure a good harvest this year and work to increase farmer incomes and build a new socialist countryside.We will concentrate on the following three areas:

First, we will vigorously develop grain production and ensure the supply of agricultural products.Grain security has an overall bearing on economic and social development and affects the vital interests of the people, so we must always pay close attention to grain production.We must effectively keep the area sown to grain crops stable and increase the yield per unit area.We will increase support for major grain-producing areas and grain farmers, carry out the grain strategy project and speed up efforts to establish core grain-producing areas to enhance the overall grain production capacity and become more able to ensure adequate supplies.While working to increase agricultural output, we also need to improve the structure of grain varieties grown and promote a constant increase in the production of important agricultural products.We will conscientiously implement policies and measures to boost pig production, dairy farming and oilseed production.We will energetically develop animal husbandry and aquaculture and support and promote their large-scale development as well as healthy farming practices.We will promote standardization of agricultural production to improve the quality and safety of agricultural products.Second, we will intensify development of the agricultural infrastructure.We will speed up efforts to reinforce large and medium-sized reservoirs and dilapidated key small reservoirs.We will improve irrigated areas, build small water conservancy facilities and work hard to develop water-efficient irrigation.We will increase efforts to develop, improve and reclaim land, upgrade low-and medium-yield farmland, improve the productivity of farmland and develop farm plots that meet high standards.We will step up rural infrastructure development in drinking water supplies, roads, power grids, telecommunications and cultural facilities, vigorously develop rural public transportation systems and improve the rural living environment.We will provide safe drinking water for another 32 million rural residents and support the building of a number of large and medium-sized methane facilities to serve an additional five million rural families.Third, we will develop more channels to increase rural incomes.We will accelerate the development of high-yield, high-quality, high-efficiency, eco-friendly and safe agriculture and support the development of industrialized agricultural operations and pacesetting enterprises.We will increase efforts to build a modern marketing and retail distribution network for rural areas, strengthen and upgrade rural secondary and tertiary industries, develop township and village enterprises and strengthen county economies.We will step up vocational education and technical training in rural areas to make it easier for rural residents to find nonagricultural employment, and develop the labor economy.We will intensify poverty alleviation efforts through development and continue to reduce the number of poor people.The major measures we are going to take are as follows:

First, we will greatly increase funding.This year's increases in budgetary support for agriculture, rural areas and farmers, state fixed asset investment in the countryside and the proportion of government land transfer income used for rural development will all be considerably higher than last year's increases.We will adjust the way tax revenues from the use of farmland for nonagricultural purposes are used and reform methods for using urban construction and maintenance tax receipts to increase funding for rural development.Allocations from this year's central government budget related to agriculture, rural areas and farmers total 562.5 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 130.7 billion yuan.Second, we will strengthen agricultural support policies.We will increase direct subsidies for grain producers and general direct subsidies for purchasing agricultural supplies.We will expand both the size and scope of subsidies for using superior seed varieties.We will subsidize the purchase of more kinds of agricultural machinery and tools and raise such subsidies.Starting this year, eligibility for these subsidies will be expanded to all agricultural counties.We will raise the minimum grain purchase prices based on actual conditions.Third, we will adhere to the strictest possible system for protecting farmland, and in particular we will increase protection of basic farmland.We will carefully examine and adjust the amounts and standards for land use in all types of plans in accordance with the master plan for land use, strictly follow the system for controlling land use, rigorously manage rural land used for collective and private construction projects in accordance with the law, and resolutely put a stop to illegal appropriation of arable land and forested areas.Fourth, we will improve the system for spreading agricultural science and technology and providing agricultural technical services.We will work harder to make innovations in agricultural science and technology and apply advances in agricultural science and technology, and improve the diverse array of mainly nonprofit agricultural technical services.We will accelerate agricultural mechanization.We will improve the systems for superior seed varieties, information, and the quality and safety of agricultural products, and for preventing and mitigating disasters, and do a good job preventing and controlling animal epidemics, plant diseases and insect pests.We will expand trial soil testing to determine appropriate fertilizer formulas.Fifth, we will carry out rural reform in all areas.We will accelerate overall rural reform.We will adopt effective measures to actively yet prudently reduce the debts of townships and villages.The central and local governments will increase budgetary funding to basically clear up overdue debts for rural compulsory education in about three years.We will adhere to the basic system for rural operations and stabilize and improve land contract relationships.We will improve the market for the compensated, voluntary transfer of land contract and management rights in accordance with the law and allow diverse forms of farming operations to develop to an appropriate scale where conditions permit.We will work hard to develop specialized farmer cooperatives.We will carry out comprehensive reform of the system of collective forest rights.3.Promoting economic adjustment and changing the pattern of development.We will continue to boost domestic demand, adjust the balance of investment and consumption, and promote the shift from the pattern of economic growth that relies mainly on investment and exports to one that relies on a balanced combination of consumption, investment and exports.It is essential to appropriately control the scale of fixed asset investment and improve the investment structure.We will maintain strict control over the availability of land, credit and market access, and pay particular attention to strengthening and standardizing supervision of new projects to ensure they meet all the conditions for launching.Haphazard investment and unneeded development projects in energy intensive and highly polluting industries and industries with excess production capacity will be resolutely stopped, and market access will be tightened and capital requirements will be increased for industries whose development is discouraged.Work on illegal projects will be resolutely stopped.We will increase support for weak links and key areas in economic and social development and give more support to the central and western regions.We must tighten control over the amount of land used for development projects, especially for industrial purposes, and hold the total amount of land used this year to last year's level.We must respond to new conditions and situations by improving guidance, regulation and oversight for all types of investment activities in the country.We will continue to promote independent innovation as the central link in efforts to change the pattern of development.We need to diligently implement the Outline of the National Program for Long-and Medium-Term Scientific and Technological Development and fully launch and implement key national projects, including those to develop large aircraft, control pollution in bodies of water, and develop large-scale oil and gas fields and coal seam gas operations.We will carry out plans for basic research, high-tech research, and research to provide scientific and technological support for development.We will work to make major breakthroughs in key technologies for producing vehicles powered by new energy sources, developing high-speed railway transport and saving water in industries.We will promote development of the national innovation system, focusing on building a number of national laboratories, national engineering centers, platforms to support enterprise innovation and enterprise technology centers to strengthen China's science and technology infrastructure.We will deepen reform of the management system for science and technology and coordinate and improve resource distribution.The central government will spend 113.4 billion yuan on science and technology in 2008, a year-on-year increase of 13.4 billion yuan.We will improve and implement the policy to support independent innovation, get enterprises to fully play their role as the main parties responsible for technological innovation, and encourage and guide them to increase investment in R&D.We will integrate the efforts of enterprises, universities and research institutes and develop innovative enterprises.Government procurement of products produced through independent innovation will be increased.Trials in the use of venture capital will be expanded.We will implement the intellectual property rights strategy.We will expand scientific and technological cooperation with other countries.We will promote improvement and upgrading of the industrial structure.We will keep to the new path of industrialization with Chinese characteristics and promote integration of IT application with industrialization.We will work to develop new-and high-technology industries, reinvigorate the equipment manufacturing industry, upgrade traditional industries and accelerate the development of service industries, particularly modern services.We will continue the major projects to apply high technologies in the production of new-type displays, broadband communications and network equipment, and biomedicine.We will get national new and high technology development zones to fully play their role in pooling resources, guiding development and boosting development in surrounding areas.We will promote domestic R&D and production of important equipment and key spare parts and components, with the focus on key areas such as large clean and highly efficient power generating units, high-grade digital machine tools and basic manufacturing equipment.We will give higher priority to geological work to improve prospecting for and exploitation of natural resources.We will strongly develop the modern energy and raw materials industries and better integrate the transportation system.We will promote balanced development among regions.We will extensively promote the large-scale development of the western region, and launch a number of key projects and support the development of key areas on a priority basis.We will continue to protect natural forests, prevent and control desertification, and reverse and prevent the development of stony deserts, and will implement a follow-up policy to consolidate progress made in converting retired farmland to forests.We will implement the plan to reinvigorate northeast China, and support the development of advanced equipment manufacturing and modern agriculture and the economic transformation of areas depending on resources that are now exhausted.We will formulate and implement a plan to boost development of the central region and implement and improve relevant policies.We will encourage the eastern region to lead the country in development and improve its international competitiveness.We will give more support to old revolutionary areas, ethnic minority areas, border areas and poor areas to help them develop.We will adopt and implement a plan and policy for development priority zones.4.Increasing efforts to conserve energy, reduce emissions and protect the environment, and ensuring product quality and safety.This year is crucial for meeting the obligatory targets for energy conservation and emissions reduction set forth in the Eleventh Five-Year Plan, and we must increase our sense of urgency and intensify efforts to make greater progress.First, we will implement the plan to close down backward production facilities in the electricity, steel, cement, coal and papermaking industries.We will also put in place a mechanism for closing down these facilities and improve and implement support policies and measures for shutting down enterprises.In addition, we will step up efforts to develop advanced production facilities in these industries in accordance with the plan.Second, we will focus on energy conservation in key enterprises and construction of key projects.We need to accelerate work on the ten major energy conservation projects.We will increase the urban sewage treatment capacity and strive to reach the goal of 100% collection and treatment of sewage in 36 large cities within two years.Charges for discharging wastewater and for sewage treatment and garbage disposal will be appropriately raised.Building standards will be upgraded and strictly enforced to encourage the development of better wall materials and construction of energy-efficient buildings.We will make steady progress in reforming the urban heating system and public utilities.Third, we will develop and apply advanced and appropriate technologies to save, replace and reuse resources and control pollution, and carry out projects to develop and demonstrate major energy conservation and emissions reduction technologies.We will energetically develop the energy conservation service industry and the environmental protection industry.We will develop clean and renewable energy sources such as wind power and solar energy.Fourth, we will prevent and control pollution in key river valleys and regions, including the Huai, Hai, Liao and Songhua rivers, Tai, Chao and Dianchi lakes, the sources and routes of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, and the Three Gorges Reservoir area.We will implement the master plan for protecting the environment of the Bohai Sea.National standards will have stricter limits for discharge of pollutants in key river valleys.Fifth, we will intensify protection of rural drinking water sources, and work to control sewage and garbage pollution and industrial pollution in rural areas.We will also strengthen control of pollution from livestock and poultry farming and aquaculture as well as agricultural nonpoint source pollution.Sixth, we will encourage and support the development of a circular economy and promote recycling and reuse of renewable resources.We will also promote cleaner production in all industries.Seventh, we will strengthen efforts to protect, conserve and intensively use natural resources, including land, water, grasslands, forests and minerals, and take stern measures to combat illegal mining of mineral resources.We will effectively protect marine resources, use them wisely, and develop the marine economy.We will intensify China's basic research efforts in meteorology, earthquake science, and surveying and mapping to strengthen these areas.Eighth, we will implement the national plan to respond to climate change to strengthen China's ability to respond to climate change.Ninth, we will improve the mechanism for rewarding those who conserve energy and resources and protect the environment and punishing those who waste energy and resources and harm the environment.We will also employ statistical and monitoring systems for conserving energy and reducing emissions, and improve the auditing and supervision systems, increase law enforcement efforts, and tighten the accountability system for energy conservation and emissions reduction.Tenth, we will enhance public awareness of the importance of a culture of conservation and encourage the entire nation to participate in building a resource-conserving and environmentally friendly society.Resource conservation and environmental protection must continue from generation to generation to make our mountains greener, waters cleaner and skies bluer.We will intensify efforts to ensure product quality and safety.First, we will accelerate efforts to formulate or update national standards for product quality and safety.This year, we will complete the formulation or updating of more than 7,700 national standards for the safety of food products, drugs and other consumer goods to put in place a sound system of standards for product safety.All requirements and testing methods for the safety and quality of food and other consumer goods will comply with international standards.China's exports will meet both international standards and the laws and regulations on technical standards of the importing countries.Second, we will improve legal guarantees for product quality and safety.We need to promptly enact or revise laws and regulations pertaining to product quality and safety, and improve the mechanism for effectively coordinating administrative law enforcement and criminal justice to increase punishment for enterprises that violate such laws and regulations.Third, we will improve the oversight and control systems for product quality and safety.We will follow to the letter the regulations for issuing production permits and mandatory certificates and for registration and record keeping to strictly control market access.We will raise the requirements for production permits and tighten market access for products related to people's health and safety.We need to strengthen quality and safety oversight for essential products such as food and drugs, and strictly control the quality of exports and imports.We will diligently follow the accountability system for product quality and safety.It is imperative that the people feel confident about the safety of food and other consumer goods and that our exports have a good reputation.5.Deepening economic reform and opening wider to the outside world.It has been 30 years since China introduced the reform and opening up policy, which has brought about great historic changes to the country.However, China is still in the primary stage of socialism and will remain so for a long time to come.To further promote unfettered development of the productive forces, promote greater social fairness and justice, and attain the magnificent goals of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and modernizing China, we must continue to unswervingly implement the reform and opening up policy.We will concentrate on the following areas this year.We will advance the reform of SOEs and improve their ownership structure.We will continue to adjust state-owned assets and reorganize SOEs.We need to deepen the reform to convert SOEs into stockholding corporations.We will improve corporate governance, carry out policy-mandated closures and bankruptcies, separate SOEs' secondary businesses from their core businesses, and convert the former into independent companies.We will expand the experiment of setting up a budget system for managing state capital.We will deepen the reform of monopoly industries by introducing competition and strengthening government regulation and public oversight of them.We need to strictly standardize procedures for transforming SOEs into stock companies and for transferring ownership of state-owned assets to prevent their erosion.We will protect the legitimate rights and interests of workers.We will advance the reform of collectively owned enterprises and develop diverse forms of collective and cooperative economic operations.We will conscientiously implement the policies for encouraging, supporting and guiding the development of individual-proprietorship businesses and private companies in the nonpublic sector of the economy.In particular, we will help them solve problems related to market access and financial support.We will deepen reform of the fiscal and taxation systems and accelerate improvement in the public finance system.We will reform the budget system and tighten budgetary management and oversight.We need to improve and standardize the system of transfer payments, raise the volume and proportion of general transfer payments and increase spending on public services.We will energetically push ahead with the reform of fiscal systems at and below the provincial level.The new Law on Corporate Income Tax will be comprehensively enforced.We will reform the system of resource taxes and fees, and improve the compensation systems for use of resources and for damage caused to the ecosystem.We will carry forward the trial VAT reform and formulate a plan to carry out the reform nationwide.We will speed up reform of the financial system and strengthen financial oversight.We will continue deepening reform of the banking industry, focusing on the introduction of a shareholding system in the Agriculture Bank of China and the reform of the China Development Bank.A deposit insurance system will be set up.We will accelerate rural financial reform and strengthen the role of the Agriculture Bank of China, the Agricultural Development Bank of China and the China Postal Savings Bank in serving agriculture, rural areas and farmers.We will continue to deepen the reform of rural credit cooperatives and actively promote the development of new types of financial institutions in rural areas.We will improve the structure of the capital market, promote steady and sound development of the stock markets, strive to improve the performance of listed companies, and maintain an open, fair and equitable market environment.We will establish a market for growth enterprises, accelerate development of the bond market and steadily develop the futures market.We will deepen reform of the insurance industry, vigorously extend the scope of agricultural insurance, and successfully carry out trials of policy-supported agricultural insurance.We will take stern measures to combat violations of financial laws and regulations and guard against and defuse financial risks to maintain financial stability and security.We will expand the breadth and depth of China's openness and make its economy more open.We will accelerate change in the pattern of foreign trade growth, improve the mix of exports, encourage the export of products with Chinese intellectual property rights and trademarks, and raise the quality, grade and added value of exports while maintaining steady export growth.We need to increase export of services and encourage foreign businesses to outsource services to China.We will energetically increase imports, with the focus on advanced technology and equipment, important raw materials, and key spare parts and components.We will improve the mix of industries using foreign investment and their geographic distribution, and steadily make service industries more open.We will limit or ban foreign investment in projects that are energy intensive or highly polluting, limit or ban foreign investment in some areas of resource exploitation, and correct illegal practices for attracting foreign investment.We will make innovations in the way we make investments and engage in cooperation overseas, and improve and implement policies and measures to support Chinese enterprises wishing to “go global.” We will strengthen bilateral, multilateral and regional economic cooperation.We will continue to promote talks on free trade zones and honor the treaties we have signed.We are committed to an equitable international trade order.In carrying out reform and opening up, we will accelerate the development of a modern market system, energetically develop modern logistics, intensify efforts to ensure orderly markets and promote the development of a credit system for individuals.6.Paying closer attention to social development to ensure the wellbeing of the people and improve their lives.We will continue to give priority to developing education.First, we will make free compulsory education universally available in both urban and rural areas.We will continue increasing regular expenditures for rural compulsory education and raise the level of budgetary allocations.We will appropriately increase living allowances for poor rural students residing on campus.We will take steps to ensure that children from poor families and children of rural migrant workers in cities enjoy the same access to compulsory education as others.After running trials in selected areas, we will completely stop collecting tuition and miscellaneous fees from all urban students receiving compulsory education starting this fall.This is another major measure for promoting balanced development of compulsory education and equal access to education.Second, we must vigorously develop vocational education.We will strengthen the basic conditions for vocational education and deepen reform of the systems for administering, running and investing in vocational education programs in order to turn out high-quality skilled personnel.Third, we must raise the quality of higher education.We will improve the structure of academic disciplines and develop high-quality universities and key disciplines.Regular institutions of higher learning will continue to favor students in the central and western regions in expanding their enrollments.To successfully provide education of various kinds and at different levels, we must focus on the following three tasks.One, we must ensure that all students receive a well-rounded education, and promote educational reforms and innovations.We will deepen the reform of curricula, methods of instruction, the systems of examination and enrollment, and the system for evaluating educational quality, and lighten the study load of primary and secondary school students.Two, we must improve the quality of teachers, especially in rural areas, and improve and implement the system of wages, allowances and subsidies for teachers.Three, we must increase investment in education.This year, central government allocation for education will increase from last year's total of 107.6 billion yuan to 156.2 billion yuan, and local governments will also increase their spending.We will further standardize the collection of education-related fees.We will standardize nonpublic education programs and encourage their development.China cannot modernize if education is not made universally available and if its quality is not improved.We must ensure that our children receive a good education, provide education that satisfies the needs of the people and improve the overall quality of the population.We will promote the reform and development of health care.Efforts will be focused on four areas:

First, we will accelerate the establishment of a system to ensure access to medical care for both urban and rural residents.We will expand the number of urban workers covered by basic medical insurance, and extend the trial of basic medical insurance for urban residents to over 50% of China's cities.We will fully implement the new type of rural cooperative medical care system in all rural areas.Within two years, we will raise the standard for financing from 50 yuan to 100 yuan per person per year, with central and local government contributions to be raised from 40 yuan to 80 yuan per person.We will improve the urban and rural assistance program for medical care.Second, we will improve the public health service system.We will prevent and treat major diseases, implement policies and measures to increase the number of diseases covered in the state plan for immunization against communicable diseases, and provide free treatment for more people suffering from diseases such as AIDS, tuberculosis and schistosomiasis.We need to work harder to prevent and treat endemic, occupational and mental diseases.We must do a good job in work related to the health of women and children.We will implement a policy of granting allowances to rural women in the central and western regions giving birth in hospitals.We will improve the mechanism for ensuring adequate funding for public health services.Third, we will continue development of the medical service systems for urban and rural areas.We will focus on improving the county, township, village three-tier rural health service network and the urban community-based medical and health service system.We will train more general practitioners, nurses and rural doctors and encourage high-caliber health workers to work in village and community clinics.Trial reform of public hospitals will be carried out.Measures will be formulated and implemented to support the development of traditional Chinese medicine and the folk medicines of ethnic minorities.Fourth, we will set up a national system for basic drugs and a system for ensuring drug supply to ensure the quality and adequate supply of basic drugs and hold down prices.This year the central government will allocate 83.2 billion yuan to support the reform and development of health care, an increase of 16.7 billion yuan over last year, with the focus of spending on facilities at the urban community and village level.Last year the State Council commissioned a study of the issue of how to deepen reform of the system of pharmaceuticals and health care.A preliminary plan has been produced and will soon be publicized to solicit opinions from the general public.The basic goal of the reform is to maintain the public service nature of public medical and health care services and set up a basic medical and health care system to provide people with basic medical and health care services that are safe, effective, convenient and affordable.We must resolutely carry out this reform to provide everyone with access to basic medical and health services and improve their health.We will improve work related to population and family planning.We will adhere to the current policy of family planning, keep the birthrate low, improve the health of newborns and adopt a full range of measures to address the gender imbalance in babies.We will fully implement the special assistance system for families that comply with family planning regulations, extend the coverage of the reward system for rural families that comply with the regulations, implement the “lower birthrate equals faster prosperity” project in more areas, and raise the level of rewards and assistance.We will improve services for the floating population and tighten supervision of them to ensure that they comply with the family planning policy.We will attach great importance to programs for the elderly, effectively protect the rights and interests of women and minors, and show concern for people with physical and mental disabilities and support programs benefiting them.We will strive to expand employment.We will strictly enforce the Employment Promotion Law and the Labor Contract Law.We will continue to follow a vigorous employment policy, adhere to the principle of expanding employment by encouraging business startups, strengthen job training and training in how to start a business, encourage people to find jobs on their own or start their own businesses, and support the establishment of small enterprises.We will speed up development of a human resources market with uniform standards for both urban and rural areas, improve the public employment service system, and promote the creation of an employment system that treats urban and rural workers equally.We will strengthen job placement guidance and services for college graduates.We will deepen reform of the job-placement system for people leaving military service.We will improve the aid system for job seekers, carry out policies to find more jobs for people with physical and mental disabilities, and create a permanent mechanism to help zero-employment families find jobs.We will urge all types of enterprises to sign labor contracts with their employees in accordance with the law and abide by them.We will improve the handling of labor disputes and oversight for worker protection measures and severely punish illegal employment practices.Providing adequate employment opportunities in China, which has the largest population in the world, is a daunting challenge.We must redouble our efforts to increase employment, a matter that is crucial to people's wellbeing.We will increase urban and rural incomes.The key is to adjust the distribution of the national income, deepen reform of the income distribution system, gradually raise the proportion of the national income received by individuals and raise labor's of the primary distribution of income.First, we will increase rural incomes through a variety of channels, ensure that rural migrant workers in cities get paid in full and on time, and appropriately increase allowances for the poor population.Second, we will raise the wage scale for enterprise employees and create a mechanism to ensure they get regular wage increases and ensure that they are paid regularly.We will urge enterprises to establish a system for collective bargaining for wages, improve the system of wage guidelines, and improve and comply with the minimum wage system.We will reform the method of supervising SOE payroll and strengthen oversight of wages paid by enterprises in monopoly industries.Third, we will raise the level of basic old-age benefits for retirees from enterprises every year for three years beginning January 1 this year.Fourth, we will deepen reform of the salary system for civil servants and continue efforts to standardize their subsidies and allowances.We will accelerate reform of the income distribution system in government-affiliated institutions.Fifth, we will institute a system of annual paid vacations for employees.In addition, we will further improve consumption policies, broaden the range of services available in the market, stabilize consumer expectations and increase immediate consumption.Only by appropriately spreading the fruits of economic development among the people can we win their support and maintain social harmony and stability.We will improve the social safety net.We will follow a policy of expanding the number of people covered, guaranteeing people's basic needs and pursuing multi-level and sustainable development of the system.First, we will expand the number of people covered by the social security system and improve collection of contributions to insurance funds.The focus of efforts will be on extending coverage to more rural migrant workers in cities, employees in the nonpublic sector of the economy and urban residents without fixed employment.Efforts will be made to provide basic medical insurance for retirees from closed or bankrupt enterprises and employees of enterprises with financial difficulties.Second, we will push ahead with the reform of the social security system.We will improve the system of basic old-age insurance for enterprise employees, combining contributions from various sources in society with personal employee retirement accounts, and expand the trial of fully funding personal accounts for old-age insurance.In addition, we will accelerate the implementation of overall planning for old-age pensions at the provincial level and work out nationwide rules for transferring social security accounts from one region to another.We will standardize and expand enterprise retirement systems that pay annuities.We will explore ways to reform basic old-age insurance in government-affiliated institutions.We will soon work out an old-age insurance system suitable for rural migrant workers in cities, and encourage local governments to carry out experiments with a rural old-age insurance system.We will accelerate improvement in unemployment insurance, workers' compensation and maternity insurance.Third, we will finance social security funds in various ways, strengthen their oversight, ensure their security and maintain and increase their value.Fourth, we will improve the social assistance system.We will focus on improving the systems of basic cost of living allowances for both urban and rural residents and setting up a mechanism for adjusting the level of assistance in line with economic growth and price changes.We will improve the temporary assistance system, vigorously develop social welfare programs and encourage and support the development of charity programs.We will do a good job providing assistance to entitled groups and helping demobilized military personnel return to civilian life.We will improve the work of disaster prevention, reduction and relief.A total of 276.2 billion yuan will be appropriated this year in the central government budget to accelerate development of the social security system, 45.8 billion yuan more than last year.Establishing a sound social safety net for both urban and rural residents to ward off uncertainties for them has a direct impact on economic and social development and is a major task in the effort to build a moderately prosperous society in all respects.We will promptly establish a system for ensuring housing for people.The general guiding principles for this work are as follows.1)Taking into consideration the fact that China has a large population and relatively little land available for building housing, we need to foster a scientific and rational model for housing development and home ownership.We will vigorously work to build environmentally friendly buildings that conserve energy and land, increase the supply of small and medium-sized condominiums, and guide people to obtain housing they can afford.2)We must ensure that the government and the market both play their due roles.The government's role is mainly to formulate plans and policies for housing and ensure that there is an appropriate supply of land, ensure that land is used intensively and oversee land use.Priority will be given to development of housing for low-and middle-income families.Demand for housing among high-income families will be met largely through the market.3)We need to strengthen regulation and oversight of the real estate market, standardize and maintain order in the market and promote sustained, steady and healthy development of the real estate industry.The following four measures will be adopted this year:

First, we will improve the system of low-rent housing, accelerate construction of low-rent housing, expand the supply of housing, and step up construction and tighten management of affordable housing to ease the housing difficulties of low-income urban residents.A total of 6.8 billion yuan will be allocated from the central government budget for the low-rent housing program this year, 1.7 billion yuan more than last year, and local governments will also increase funding in this area.In addition, we will work energetically to improve the living conditions of rural migrant workers in cities.Second, we will increase the supply of low-and medium-price, small and medium-sized condominiums, establish a mechanism for making investments and raising funds in various ways, and help middle-income families meet their housing needs through a variety of channels.We will improve the supply structure of urban land to provide more land for building small and medium-sized condominiums.Third, we will use a combination of tax, credit and land supply measures and improve the housing accumulation fund system to increase supply of reasonably priced housing, curb demand for high-end housing and prevent overheating in housing prices.Fourth, we will strengthen market oversight and strictly enforce the requirements for market access and the conditions for going out of business for real estate firms.We will investigate attempts to control the land and housing market through hoarding and speculation in land and housing and deal with violations in accordance with the law.In addition, we will improve planning and management of rural housing development and the safety of housing for the rural poor.We must unswervingly promote reform of the housing system and construction of housing for the benefit of the people.7.Deepening the reform of the cultural management system and promoting the vigorous development and enrichment of culture.We will further implement and improve the policies and measures to reform the cultural management system, promote cultural innovation, strengthen cultural improvement work, safeguard the basic cultural rights and interests of the people, and promote a flourishing cultural market to meet the people's ever-increasing and varied cultural needs.We will continue to educate the people in the latest advances in adapting Marxism to Chinese conditions, foster a common ideal of socialism with Chinese characteristics among the people, strongly promote a national spirit centered on patriotism and a spirit of the times centered on reform and innovation, and extensively promote education in the socialist concept of honor and disgrace.We will develop a culture of harmony, carry out the program for improving civic morality and foster civilized social conduct.Particular attention will be paid to cultivating ideals and ethics among young people.Extensive campaigns will be launched to encourage civilized behavior.We will maintain the orientation of serving the people and socialism and fully adhere to the principle of letting a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend.We will develop philosophy and the social sciences.We will promote the vigorous development of the press and publishing, radio, film and television, literature and the arts.We will encourage the production of excellent cultural works.We will increase government funding to accelerate development of a system of public cultural services for the whole society and to promote development of basic public benefit cultural programs, particularly the building of more cultural facilities in urban communities and villages.We will accelerate development of multipurpose community centers in towns and townships.We will work on the projects to set up a national shared databank of cultural information and resources, extend radio and television coverage to all villages, and set up reading rooms and show movies in rural areas.All public museums, memorial halls and exhibition centers of a nonprofit nature will stop charging admission fees this year or next year.We will improve the policy for developing the culture sector and speed up development of bases for the culture industry and clusters of cultural industries with regional features.We will strengthen efforts to develop and manage Internet culture.We will ensure order in the cultural market and continue to combat pornography and illegal publications.We will strengthen protection of our national cultural heritage.We will expand cultural exchanges with other countries.We will step up development of public sports facilities in both urban and rural areas, launch extensive public fitness programs and raise the level of competitive sports.The 2008 Olympics and Paralympics will be held in Beijing.All sons and daughters of the Chinese nation are looking forward to them, and they will be of great importance in promoting China's economic and social development and increasing friendship and cooperation between Chinese people and the peoples of other countries.We will prepare for and organize the Games well, strengthen cooperation with the international community, and create an excellent environment to ensure that the Games are a unique, well-run sporting event.8.Stepping up development of socialist democracy and the socialist legal system and promoting social fairness and justice.We will deepen reform of political institutions and advance socialist political standards.We will expand people's democracy, improve democratic institutions, diversify its forms and expand its channels, and we will carry out democratic elections, decision-making, administration and oversight in accordance with the law to ensure the people's rights to stay informed about, to participate in, to express views on, and to oversee government affairs.We will develop democracy at the community level, improve the system of governance by the people at the community level, expand the scope of their autonomy, strengthen urban and rural communities, and make the running of governments, villages and factories more transparent.We will bring into play the positive role of civic organizations in expanding public participation in government affairs and voicing the concerns of the people to improve the ability of society to govern itself.We will fully adhere to the rule of law as a fundamental principle.We will step up the drafting of proposed legislation by the government and improve the quality of such legislation.The drafting of such legislation this year will focus on improving people's lives, promoting social development, conserving energy and resources, and protecting the ecosystem.In the course of doing so, we need to seek views from many sources.In principle, we will release drafts to the public to solicit their opinions when formulating all administrative rules and regulations that bear on the interests of the people.We will appropriately delineate and adjust the powers and duties of administrative law enforcement agencies, and strengthen oversight and fully implement the responsibility system for administrative law enforcement.We will improve the system of government administration in accordance with the law at the municipal and county levels.We will ensure that administrative charges are collected in a standardized way and reform and improve the mechanism for ensuring adequate funding for the judicial system and for law enforcement.We will improve the filing and inspection procedures for laws, rules, regulations and regulatory documents.Systems of administrative review and administrative compensation and reparation will be improved.We will ensure that people have adequate access to legal services and assistance.We will increase publicity and education concerning the law in order to create a good social environment in which the people conscientiously study, abide by and apply the law.We will improve public administration.We will increase efforts to improve civic organizations and improve the system of public administration at the community level.We will do a good job handling complaints in the form of letters and visits from the public and improve the system for handling complaints.We will improve the mechanism for mediating social tensions and properly handle problems among the people to protect their legitimate rights and interests.We will improve the public security system for the prevention and control of crime, maintain law and order through a full range of measures and launch intensive campaigns to ensure public security.We will reform and intensify community policing in both urban and rural areas and improve services for and management of the floating population.Focusing on addressing serious public security issues and improving conditions in areas with poor public order, we will work to prevent crime and crack down on crime and illegal activities in accordance with the law to protect people's lives and property and ensure social stability.We will redouble our efforts to safeguard national security.We will strengthen efforts to ensure workplace safety.We will work harder to prevent serious and major accidents by addressing their root causes.We will consolidate and build upon progress in bringing coalmine gas buildup under control, improve coalmine safety and shut down coalmines that do not meet safety standards.We will continue to carry out campaigns to address safety problems in key industries and areas.We will work harder to identify and eliminate hidden perils, and improve the system for controlling major hazards and monitoring major sources of danger and the system for forecasting, giving early warning, preventing, responding to and mitigating disasters.We will tighten oversight for workplace safety in accordance with the law and rigorously investigate industrial accidents and prosecute those responsible for them.9.Accelerating reform of the administrative system and intensifying government self-improvement.Reform of the administrative system is an important link in deepening reform, an important part of the reform of political institutions, and an essential step in improving the socialist market economy.In reforming the administrative system, we should adhere to the following general principles and requirements: We must put people first and govern for the people.We should see to it that this reform proceeds in line with development of socialist democracy and the socialist market economy.Decisions must be made scientifically and democratically;the government must be run in accordance with the law, and administrative oversight needs to be strengthened.We need to make innovations in management and institutions and make full use of the initiative of both the central government and local governments.Efforts should be focused on changing functions, straightening out inter-departmental relationships, improving the structure and raising efficiency in order to develop an administrative system in which powers are commensurate with responsibilities, the division of work among departments is appropriate, decisions are scientific, enforcement is carried out smoothly and oversight is effective.First, we must accelerate the transformation of government functions.This is central to deepening reform of the administrative system.We need to improve the division of responsibilities among government departments, ensure that all departments properly execute their functions and strive to build a service-oriented government.While improving regulation of the economy and the market, we must increase efforts to improve public administration and public services, safeguard social justice and order, and ensure equal access for all to basic public services.We will attach great importance to the role of civil organizations such as industrial associations and chambers of commerce in this area.Second, we must deepen reform of government bodies.Our current plan for the reform of bodies of the State Council mainly centers on changing the way the government functions, appropriately dividing responsibilities among departments that exercise macroeconomic regulation, adjusting and improving bodies in charge of industrial management, and improving departments responsible for public administration and public services.The plan explores ways to establish larger departments that organically integrate the functions of smaller departments.To resolve the problem of overlapping responsibilities and of powers not being matched by responsibilities, the plan clearly defines the responsibilities and powers of each department, clarifies the relationship of responsibilities among departments, and improves the mechanism for interdepartmental coordination and cooperation.The plan will be submitted to you for deliberation and approval.Third, we must improve the mechanism of administrative oversight.We need to use institutions to oversee the exercise of power, the handling of government affairs and the management of personnel.We will strengthen oversight of the exercise of administrative power and standardize procedures for administrative approval.We will strengthen the mutual oversight between higher-and lower-level authorities, get oversight bodies such as supervision and auditing departments to fully play their role, and conscientiously accept oversight by all sectors of society.We will adhere to the administrative accountability system and government performance management system.The competence of public servants will be strengthened.We will strictly enforce the law and the code of conduct for government employees and resolutely put a stop to non-compliance with government decrees and continued occurrences of banned practices.We will strive to make government affairs more open by enhancing the government information release system and improving the various types of administrative systems for transparency in government affairs to increase the transparency of government functions and create conditions to enable the people to oversee the government more effectively.Fourth, we will strengthen efforts to ensure clean government.We will attach even greater importance to combating corruption and encouraging integrity, and fight corruption unequivocally.We will effectively improve the system for preventing and punishing corruption in accordance with the principle of addressing both the symptoms and root causes of corruption and taking a dual approach that combines prevention and punishment, with the emphasis on prevention.In particular, we need to tackle the problems of excessive concentration of power and lack of checks on power.We will address fundamentals to improve regulations and institutions and standardize management of public resources such as transfer payments, development of land and mineral resources, government procurement and the transfer of state-owned assets.We will strengthen special campaigns to address people's pressing concerns related to problems concerning environmental protection, food and drug safety, workplace safety, land acquisition and expropriation, and housing demolition, to resolutely stop irregular practices that hurt public interests.We will strongly advocate hard work and plain living and firmly oppose extravagance and waste.We will prosecute all violations of the law and discipline, strictly curb bribery in business, resolutely bring corrupt people to justice and prosecute them to the full extent of the law.Fellow Deputies，China is a unified, multiethnic country.We must promote unity among all ethnic groups and make a concerted effort to achieve prosperity and development for all.We will follow and improve the system of regional ethnic autonomy, promote economic and social development of ethnic minorities and ethnic minority areas, and consolidate and develop socialist ethnic relations of equality, unity, mutual assistance and harmony.We will faithfully follow the Party's basic principles on work related to religions, adhere to the Regulations on Religious Affairs, and enable religious figures and religious believers to play a positive role in advancing economic and social development.We need to do a good job handling affairs related to overseas Chinese nationals in the new era and make full use of the role of overseas Chinese nationals, returned overseas Chinese nationals and their relatives in China's modernization and the great cause of peaceful reunification of the motherland.Improving national defense and the military is a strategic task in developing socialism with Chinese characteristics.We must balance economic development and national defense development to make China prosperous and the armed forces strong as we carry out modernization.We must always follow the guidance of Mao Zedong's military thinking, Deng Xiaoping's thinking on building the army in the new period and Jiang Zemin's thinking on strengthening the national defense and the army, truly implement the important guidelines of Comrade Hu Jintao on national defense and the army under the new circumstances, and take the Scientific Outlook on Development as an important guiding principle for developing national defense and the army.Our aim is to enable the army to fully carry out its historic mission in the new stage in the new century, enhance its ability to respond to security threats and accomplish a diverse array of military tasks, staunchly protect China's sovereignty, security and territorial integrity, and provide strong support for building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.We will strengthen efforts to improve the People's Armed Police Force to improve its ability to enforce the law, respond to emergencies, combat terrorism and safeguard stability.We will intensify national defense education to raise public awareness of the importance of national defense.We will improve the national defense mobilization system.We will strengthen unity between the military and the government and between the military and the people.We will continue to unswervingly adhere to the principle of “one country, two systems,” under which Hong Kong people administer Hong Kong and Macao people administer Macao with a high degree of autonomy, and act in strict accordance with the basic laws of the two special administrative regions.We will give full support to the governments of the Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions in administering their regions in accordance with the law, and increase exchange and cooperation between the mainland and the two special administrative regions in economic and trade affairs, environmental protection, science and technology, education, culture, health and sports.We firmly believe that our compatriots in Hong Kong and Macao will be able to do even better in administering and developing their respective regions.We will adhere to the basic principle of “peaceful reunification and one country, two systems” and follow all policies for developing relations between the two sides of the Taiwan Straits and promoting China's peaceful reunification under the current circumstances.We will pursue the goal of promoting peaceful development of cross-Straits relations, encourage compatriots on both sides to increase contacts and common understanding, actively promote cross-Straits economic and cultural exchanges, and work for the resumption of direct links of mail, transport and trade.We will implement and improve the policies and measures designed to benefit our compatriots in Taiwan and support economic development on the west coast of the Straits in Fujian Province and in other areas where Taiwan investment is concentrated.We will work for the early resumption of cross-Straits negotiations on the basis of the one-China principle to address major issues of concern to compatriots on both sides.We firmly oppose Taiwan independence secessionist activities, and will never allow anyone to separate Taiwan from the motherland in any guise or by any means.Any issue that concerns China's sovereignty and territorial integrity must be decided by all the Chinese people, including our Taiwan compatriots.The attempts of Taiwan independence secessionist forces to deny the reality that the mainland and Taiwan belong to one and the same China and to undermine peace in the Taiwan Straits are doomed to fail.Reunification of the two sides is inevitable in the course of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.With the concerted efforts of all Chinese people at home and overseas, the great cause of China's reunification will surely be achieved!

In the coming year, we must continue to hold high the banner of peace, development and cooperation, follow an independent foreign policy of peace and a path of peaceful development, and adhere to the win-win strategy of opening up to promote the building of a harmonious world with durable peace and common prosperity.We will work hard to develop relations with developed countries, deepen good-neighborly relations and friendship with all neighboring countries, and redouble efforts to increase unity and cooperation with other developing countries.We will actively participate in multilateral diplomacy, work to find appropriate solutions to major hotspots and global issues, and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of Chinese nationals and companies overseas.The Chinese government and people are ready to share development opportunities with people of all other countries and to work with them to address risks and challenges and advance the noble cause of the peace and development of humanity.Fellow Deputies，Looking back, we are encouraged by the achievements of the past five years.Looking ahead, we see an exciting future for China.Our great motherland has embarked upon a new historical course and the future holds even brighter prospects.Under the leadership of the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Hu Jintao as General Secretary, let us hold high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics, follow the guidance of Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of Three Represents, and comprehensively apply the Scientific Outlook on Development.Let us free our minds, carry out reform and innovation, and work diligently for greater achievements in the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects!