第一篇：2008_政府工作報告_中英文對照

漢英對照標注版2008年《政府工作報告》

政府工作報告

REPORT ON THE WORK OF THE GOVERNMENT ——2008年3月5日在第十一屆全國人民代表大會第一次會議上

Delivered at the First Session of the Eleventh National

People's Congress on March 5, 2008

國務院總理 溫家寶

各位代表：

Fellow Deputies, 現在，我代表國務院，向大會報告本屆政府過去五年的工作，對今年工作提出建議，請予審議，并請全國政協各位委員提出意見。On behalf of the State Council, I would now like to deliver to you a report on the work of the government over the past five years and on the arrangements for its work this year for your deliberation and approval and also for comments and suggestions from the members of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference(CPPCC).一、過去五年工作回顧

I.Review of the Work of the Past Five Years

第十屆全國人民代表大會第一次會議以來的五年，是不平凡的五年。在中國共產黨領導下，各級政府和全國各族人民認真貫徹黨的十六大精神，齊心協力，頑強拼搏，積極應對復雜多變的國際環境，努力克服經濟社會發展中的各種困難，戰勝了突如其來的嚴重非典疫情和歷史罕見的低溫雨雪冰凍等特大自然災害，改革開放和現代化建設取得了舉世矚目的重大成就。

The past five years since the First Session of the Tenth National People's Congress was a momentous period.Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China(CPC), governments at all levels and people of all the ethnic groups in China diligently followed the guiding principles set out at the Sixteenth CPC National Congress and worked in concert and with dedication.We vigorously responded to the complex and volatile international environment, strove to overcome various difficulties hindering economic and social development, and prevailed over the sudden and severe outbreak of SARS and catastrophic natural disasters such as the recent snow and ice storms in the south that the region has rarely seen before.We made major achievements in reform, opening up and modernization, which attracted the attention of the world.——經濟跨上新臺階。2007年，國內生產總值達到24.66萬億元，比2002年增長65.5%，年均增長10.6%，從世界第六位上升到第四位；全國財政收入達到5.13萬億元，增長1.71倍；外匯儲備超過1.52萬億美元。

– The economy reached a new high.China's GDP in 2007 reached 24.66 trillion yuan, an increase of 65.5% over 2002 and an average annual increase of 10.6%, rising from the sixth highest one in the world to the fourth.Total government revenue reached 5.13 trillion yuan, a 171% increase over 2002.Our foreign exchange reserves exceeded US$ 1.52 trillion.——取消農業稅，終結了農民種田交稅的歷史。全國糧食連續四年增產，2007年產量達到50150萬噸。

– The agricultural tax was rescinded, ending the centuries-old practice of farmers paying taxes.China's grain output rose four consecutive years to reach 501.5 million tons in 2007.——國有企業、金融、財稅、外經貿體制和行政管理體制等改革邁出重大步伐。開放型經濟進入新階段。2007年進出口總額達到2.17萬億美元，從世界第六位上升到第三位。

– Major progress was made in the reform of state-owned enterprises(SOEs), the financial system, fiscal and taxation systems, the system of foreign trade and economic cooperation, and the administrative system.China has entered a new stage in developing a more open economy.Total volume of imports and exports reached $2.17 trillion in 2007, raising China from the sixth largest trading nation in the world to the third largest.——創新型國家建設進展良好，涌現出一批具有重大國際影響的科技創新成果。載人航天飛行和首次月球探測工程圓滿成功。

– Good progress was made in efforts to make China more innovative, and a number of major scientific and technological innovations with international impact were made.Manned spaceflights and our first moon exploration project were successfully carried out.——全面實現農村免費義務教育，這是我國教育發展史上的重要里程碑。覆蓋城鄉的公共衛生體系和基本醫療服務體系初步建立。– Free compulsory education was made available to all rural students, marking an important milestone in the history of the development of education in China.The basic frameworks for a public health system and a system of basic medical services covering both urban and rural areas have been put in place.——城鄉公共文化服務體系逐步完善。文化體制改革取得重要進展，文化事業和文化產業快速發展。上海特奧會成功舉辦。北京奧運會、殘奧會和上海世博會籌備工作進展順利。

– Steady improvement was made in the urban and rural system of public cultural services.Significant progress was made in reform of the cultural management system, and the development of cultural programs and cultural industries was accelerated.The Shanghai Special Olympics was successfully held.Preparations for the 2008 Olympics and Paralympics in Beijing and the 2010 World Expo in Shanghai proceeded smoothly.——民主法制建設取得新進步，依法行政扎實推進，保障人民權益和維護社會公平正義得到加強。

– Progress was made in developing democracy and the legal system and in enhancing law-based government.Greater efforts were made to safeguard people's rights and interests and ensure social fairness and justice.——人民生活顯著改善。五年全國新增城鎮就業5100萬人。城鎮居民人均可支配收入由2002年7703元增加到2007年13786元，農村居民人均純收入由2476元增加到4140元。社會保障體系框架初步形成。貧困人口逐年減少。

– People's living standards improved significantly.Fifty-one million urban jobs were created over the past five years.Urban per capita annual disposable income rose from 7,703 yuan in 2002 to 13,786 yuan in 2007, and rural per capita annual net income rose from 2,476 yuan to 4,140 yuan during the same period.The basic framework for a social safety net for both urban and rural areas was put in place.The number of people living in poverty was reduced every year.事實充分說明，過去五年是改革開放和全面建設小康社會取得重大進展的五年，是社會生產力和綜合國力顯著增強的五年，是社會事業全面發展和人民得到更多實惠的五年，是我國國際地位和影響不斷提高的五年。

All these improvements fully demonstrate that during the past five-year period great strides were made in carrying out reform and opening up and building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.During this time the productive forces and overall national strength were significantly improved, social programs were comprehensively developed, people received even greater benefits and China's international standing and influence constantly grew.五年來，我們樹立和落實科學發展觀，著力發展經濟、深化改革開放、保障和改善民生，促進社會和諧，付出了巨大努力，做了大量工作。

During the past five years we established and put into practice the Scientific Outlook on Development, worked hard on economic development, deepened reform and opening up, ensured the wellbeing of the people, improved their lives, and promoted social harmony.We made great efforts and accomplished a great deal.（一）加強和改善宏觀調控，促進經濟平穩快速發展

1.Improving macroeconomic regulation to promote steady and rapid economic development.我們圍繞解決經濟運行中的突出矛盾，注重宏觀調控的預見性、及時性和有效性。幾年來，針對固定資產投資增長過快、貨幣信貸投放過多、外貿順差過大，以及農業基礎薄弱等經濟發展中不穩定、不協調、不可持續的問題，嚴把土地、信貸兩個閘門，提高市場準入門檻，適時調整財政政策、貨幣政策，完善產業政策和土地政策，調整經濟結構，加強薄弱環節，搞好經濟運行調節。

We endeavored to make macroeconomic regulation more proactive, responsive and effective, with the focus on resolving major problems affecting economic operation.Over the past few years, we tightened controls on the supplies of land and credit, raised market access requirements, adjusted financial and monetary policies as needed, improved industrial policies and the land policy, adjusted the economic structure, shored up weak links and effectively regulated economic operation to address problems such as overheated growth in fixed asset investment, excessive supplies of money and credit, excessively large trade surplus, and weakness in agriculture, the foundation of the economy, which could cause economic development to become unstable, unbalanced and unsustainable.根據經濟形勢的變化，多次及時調整金融機構存款準備金率、存貸款基準利率，取消或降低高耗能、高排放和資源性產品的出口退稅。這些宏觀調控措施取得明顯成效，經濟連續五年保持平穩快速發展，沒有出現大的起落。

In response to changes in the economy, we have repeatedly made timely adjustments in the required reserve ratio and the benchmark interest rates for savings and loans in financial institutions and rescinded or reduced export tax rebates for resource products and products whose production is energy intensive or highly polluting.These macroeconomic regulatory measures produced significant results, and China's economy maintained steady and rapid development throughout the five-year period, without experiencing major fluctuations.我們從加強農業基礎入手，把促進糧食增產和農民增收作為首要任務，在制度、政策和投入方面采取一系列重大舉措。全部取消了農業稅、牧業稅和特產稅，每年減輕農民負擔1335億元。同時，建立農業補貼制度，對農民實行糧食直補、良種補貼、農機具購置補貼和農業生產資料綜合補貼，對產糧大縣和財政困難縣鄉實行獎勵補助。大幅度增加對農業農村投入，中央財政用于“三農”的支出五年累計1.6萬億元，其中用于農村基礎設施建設近3000億元，地方也較多增加了投入。

We adopted a series of major measures related to institutions, policies and investment to increase grain production and rural incomes as a matter of priority and strengthen agriculture as the foundation of the economy.We completely rescinded the agricultural tax, livestock tax and tax on special agricultural products throughout China, reducing the burden on farmers by an average of 133.5 billion yuan per year.In addition, we set up a subsidy scheme for agriculture, instituting direct subsidies for grain producers, subsidies for superior crop varieties, subsidies for the purchase of agricultural machinery and tools, and general subsidies for agricultural production supplies and providing incentives to major grain-producing counties and subsidies to counties and townships with serious financial difficulties.Investment in agriculture and rural areas was greatly increased.Central government allocations for agriculture, rural areas and farmers reached 1.6 trillion yuan over the past five years, including nearly 300 billion yuan that was used for developing rural infrastructure.Local governments also substantially increased their input.五年新增節水灌溉面積666.7萬公頃、新增沼氣用戶1650萬戶、新建改建農村公路130萬公里，解決了9748萬農村人口飲水困難和飲水安全問題，建立了重大動物疫病防控體系，防止了高致病性禽流感等疫情蔓延。這些措施，極大地調動了農民積極性，有力地推動了社會主義新農村建設，農村發生了歷史性變化，億萬農民由衷地感到高興。農業的發展，為整個經濟社會的穩定和發展發揮了重要作用。

During the five-year period, an additional 6.667 million hectares of farmland was equipped with water-saving irrigation facilities, methane gas was made available to 16.5 million more households, 1.3 million kilometers of rural roads were built or upgraded, and safe drinking water was provided to an additional 97.48 million rural residents.A system for the prevention and control of major animal diseases was set up, and the spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza was prevented.These measures greatly encouraged farmers to grow more, gave a strong impetus to the development of a new socialist countryside and brought historic changes to rural China to the great satisfaction of hundreds of millions of rural people.Agricultural development played an important role in ensuring the overall stability and development of China's economy and society.我們制定了國家中長期科學和技術發展規劃綱要，對2006－2020年的科技發展作出全面部署，啟動一批重大專項。這對增強自主創新能力，推進創新型國家建設，有著重要而深遠的影響。基礎科學和前沿技術研究得到加強，取得高性能計算機、第三代移動通信、超級雜交水稻等一批重大創新成果，形成了一批具有自主知識產權和市場競爭力的產品。

We formulated the Outline of the National Program for Long-and Medium-Term Scientific and Technological Development, which contains comprehensive plans for the development of science and technology in China from 2006 through 2020 and calls for the launching of a number of major projects.This will have an important and far-reaching impact on efforts to strengthen China's capacity for independent innovation and make it an innovative country.Work in basic research and research in leading-edge technologies was intensified;a number of major innovations such as high-performance computers, third generation mobile communications, and super-hybrid rice were achieved;and a number of products that are competitive and carry Chinese intellectual property rights were developed.五年中央財政用于科技的投入達到3406億元。全社會研究與實驗發展經費，從2002年1288億元增加到2007年的3664億元，占國內生產總值比重從1.07%提高到1.49%。以企業為主體的技術創新體系建設取得重要進展。科技創新支撐和引領經濟社會發展的能力明顯增強。

The central government spent 340.6 billion yuan on science and technology over the past five years.China's total investment in research, experimentation and development rose from the 128.8 billion yuan of 2002 to 366.4 billion yuan in 2007, with its share in the GDP rising from 1.07% to 1.49%.Major progress was made in developing a system for technological innovation in which enterprises play a key role.The capacity of scientific and technological innovation to sustain and boost economic and social development was markedly increased.我們制定和實施一系列產業政策和專項規劃，促進產業結構優化升級。信息、生物、航空航天、新能源、新材料、海洋等高新技術產 業加快發展。振興裝備制造業成效顯著。旅游、金融、物流等現代服務業蓬勃發展。基礎設施基礎產業建設取得長足進展，一批重大工程相繼建成或順利推進。

We formulated and implemented a series of industrial policies and special plans designed to improve and upgrade the industrial structure.Development of new and high technology industries in information, biology, aerospace, new energy sources, new materials and oceanography was accelerated.Efforts to boost the equipment manufacturing industry produced significant results.Development of modern service industries such as tourism, banking and distribution was accelerated.Great progress was made in the development of infrastructure and basic industries, marked by the completion of or smooth progress on a number of major projects.青藏鐵路提前一年建成通車，三峽工程防洪、發電、航運等綜合效益全面發揮，西電東送、西氣東輸全面投產，南水北調工程進展順利，溪洛渡水電站、紅沿河核電站、京滬高速鐵路和千萬噸級煉油廠、百萬噸級乙烯等一批重大項目陸續開工建設，普光氣田、南堡油田等勘查開發取得重大進展。五年新增電力裝機3.5億千瓦，是1950年到2002年53年的總和；新增公路19.2萬公里，其中高速公路2.8萬公里；新增鐵路營運里程6100公里；建成萬噸級以上泊位568個；新增電信用戶4.94億戶。這些有效改善了能源交通通信狀況，增強了經濟社會發展后勁。

The Qinghai-Tibet Railway was opened to traffic a year ahead of time;the Three Gorges Project is fully playing its designed role in flood prevention, power generation and shipping;the projects to send electricity and gas from China's western region to the eastern region are fully operational;the project to divert water from southern China to northern China is progressing smoothly;and construction has been started on a number of major projects such as the Xiluodu Hydroelectric Plant, Hongyanhe Nuclear Power Plant, Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway, a ten million-ton capacity oil refinery and a million-ton capacity ethylene plant.Major progress has been made in the prospecting and development of the Puguang Gas Field and the Nanpu Oilfield.Newly added power-generating capacity over the five years totaled 350 million kW, equivalent to all the capacity added between 1950 and 2002.A total of 192,000 kilometers of highways were built, including 28,000 kilometers of expressways.A total of 6,100 kilometers of new railway lines went into operation.An additional 568 berths that can handle ships larger than 10,000 tons were completed.The number of telecommunications users was increased by 494 million.All of the above measures effectively improved the capacity of the energy, transportation and communications sectors and strengthened the basis for further economic and social development.我們高度重視資源節約和環境保護。“十一五”規劃綱要把節能和減排作為約束性目標。近兩年，又提出并實施節能減排綜合性工作方案，建立節能減排指標體系、監測體系、考核體系和目標責任制，頒布了應對氣候變化國家方案。依法淘汰一大批落后生產能力，關停小火電2157萬千瓦、小煤礦1.12萬處，淘汰落后煉鐵產能4659萬噸、煉鋼產能3747萬噸、水泥產能8700萬噸。啟動十大重點節能工程。燃煤電廠脫硫工程取得突破性進展。中央政府投資支持重點流域水污染防治項目691個。繼續推進天然林保護、京津風沙源治理等生態建設，五年累計退耕還林、植樹造林3191萬公頃，退牧還草3460萬公頃。加強土地和水資源保護，五年整理復墾開發補充耕地152.6萬公頃。經過各方面努力，節能減排取得積極進展，2007年單位國內生產總值能耗比上年下降3.27%，化學需氧量、二氧化硫排放總量近年來首次出現雙下降，比上年分別下降3.14％和4.66％。節約資源和保護環境從認識到實踐都發生了重要轉變。

We gave high priority to conserving resources and protecting the environment.Obligatory targets for saving energy and reducing emissions were set in the Outline of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development.In the last two years, a general work plan for saving energy and reducing emissions was introduced;a system of targets for this work, a monitoring system, a system for assessing work performance and a system of accountability for reaching the targets were put in place;and a state plan to address climate change was promulgated.A large number of backward production facilities were shut down in accordance with the law.They include small thermal power plants with a total capacity of 21.57 million kW, 11,200 small coal mines, backward iron smelting facilities with a total capacity of 46.59 million tons, backward steel plants with a total capacity of 37.47 million tons and cement plants with a total capacity of 87 million tons.Ten major energy-saving projects were launched.Breakthroughs were made in carrying out desulfurizing projects for coal-fired power plants.The central government provided financial support for 691 projects to prevent and control water pollution in major river valleys.Work continued on ecological conservation projects such as those to protect natural forests and control the factors causing sandstorms in Beijing and Tianjin.During the five-year period, the area of farmland retired for forestation and other lands planted with trees amounted to 31.91 million hectares, and grazing land returned to natural grasslands totaled 34.6 million hectares.Protection of land and water resources was strengthened, with a total of 1.526 million hectares of farmland being upgraded, reclaimed or newly developed over the last five years.Thanks to the strong efforts of the whole country, encouraging progress was made in conserving energy and reducing emissions.In 2007 there was a 3.27% year-on-year drop in energy consumption per unit of GDP, and for the first time in recent years there was a reduction in both chemical oxygen demand and the total emission of sulfur dioxide, with the former down 3.14% and the latter down 4.66% from the previous year.People became more aware of the importance of conserving resources and protecting the environment and made greater efforts in this area.我們實施區域發展總體戰略。西部大開發繼續推進，五年中央財政支持重點建設投資2800多億元，基礎設施和生態環境建設取得明顯進展，重點地區和特色優勢產業加快發展。制定和實施振興東北地區等老工業基地戰略，大型糧食基地建設不斷加強，國有企業改革改組改造取得突破性進展，重大技術裝備國產化成效顯著，資源型城市經濟轉型試點進展順利，老工業基地煥發出新的生機和活力。

We followed a master strategy for regional development.Continued progress was made in the large-scale development of the western region, with central government financial support for key projects totaling over 280 billion yuan over the last five years.Substantial progress was made in infrastructure development and ecological and environmental conservation projects, and development of key areas and industries with local advantages was accelerated.We formulated and implemented the strategy of rejuvenating the old industrial bases such as northeast China, increased efforts to develop large grain production bases, made breakthroughs in reforming, reorganizing and upgrading SOEs, made major progress in using domestically-produced key equipment in place of imports, and made smooth headway in the trial to transform the economies of cities dependent on resource exploitation.The old industrial bases are now showing new signs of vitality.制定和實施促進中部地區崛起政策措施，糧食主產區現代農業建設步伐加快，重要能源原材料工業、裝備制造業和綜合交通運輸體系進一步發展。東部地區繼續率先發展，經濟實力和整體素質顯著提升。經濟特區、上海浦東新區、天津濱海新區開發開放加快推進。這些重大舉措，促進了區域經濟合理布局和協調發展。

We formulated and implemented policies and measures to promote development in the central region and made accelerated progress in developing modern agriculture in major grain-producing areas.Major energy and raw material industries, the equipment manufacturing industry and the overall transportation system were further developed.The eastern region continued to lead in development, with significant gains in economic strength and overall improvement.The process of developing and opening up the special economic zones, the Shanghai Pudong New Area and the Tianjin Binhai New Area was accelerated.These major measures promoted a better distribution and more balanced development of regional economies.（二）大力推進改革開放，注重制度建設和創新

2.Working hard on reform and opening up, concentrating on institutional development and innovation.全面深化農村改革。以鄉鎮機構、農村義務教育和縣鄉財政管理體制改革為主要內容的農村綜合改革，取得階段性重要成果。放開糧食收購市場，實現了糧食購銷市場化。集體林權制度改革進行了成功探索。供銷合作社、國有農場等改革進展順利。

Rural reforms were deepened across the board.Major progress was made in the current stage of the overall rural reform, mainly consisting of reform of town and township government bodies, reform of the rural compulsory education system and reform of the fiscal systems at the county and township levels.Government control of grain purchasing was lifted, and the purchase and sale of grain are now market based.Successful trials were carried out in reforming the system of collective forest rights.Smooth progress was made in the reform of supply and marketing cooperatives and state-owned farms.堅持完善基本經濟制度。鞏固和發展公有制經濟，推進國有資產管理體制改革和國有經濟布局與結構調整，建立和完善國有資產出資人制度。加快國有企業股份制改革，一批具有國際競爭力的大公司大企業集團發展壯大。郵政體制改革順利進行，電力、電信、民航、鐵路等行業改革取得積極進展。

Continued progress was made in improving the basic economic system.We consolidated and developed the public sector of the economy, made progress in reform of the management system for state-owned assets and adjustment of the distribution and structure of the state sector of the economy, and set up and improved a system for investors of state assets.We accelerated the reform to institute a stockholding system in SOEs, and a number of large companies and conglomerates with the ability to compete internationally were formed.Reform of the postal service system proceeded smoothly, and encouraging progress was made in reforming the power, telecommunications, civil aviation and railway industries.2006年，全國國有企業資產總額比2002年增長60.98%，實現利潤增長2.23倍，稅收增長1.05倍。國有經濟活力、控制力和影響力明顯增強。制定和實施一系列政策措施，進一步營造公平競爭的法制環境和市場環境，鼓勵、支持和引導個體私營等非公有制經濟發展。非公有制經濟在促進經濟增長、擴大就業、增加稅收和活躍市場等方面，發揮著越來越大的作用。

The total value of assets of Chinese SOEs in 2006 grew by 60.98% compared to 2002, their total profits increased by 223%, and their tax contributions grew by 105%.The vitality of the state sector and its impact and influence on the economy as a whole were greatly enhanced.We formulated and implemented a series of policies and measures to foster a legal framework and market environment conducive to fair competition, and encouraged, supported and guided the development of the nonpublic sector, which includes individual-proprietorship businesses and private enterprises.As a result, the nonpublic sector of the economy is playing an increasingly bigger role in stimulating economic growth, creating jobs, increasing tax revenue, and invigorating the market.大力推進金融、財稅體制改革。針對國有商業銀行經營管理不善、金融風險加劇的狀況，我們果斷地推進了改革。中國工商銀行、中國銀行、中國建設銀行和交通銀行完成股份制改造并成功上市，資產質量和盈利能力明顯提高，銀行業發生了重大變化。堅定地進行上市公司股權分置改革，解決了這個長期困擾證券市場發展的制度性問題。重點國有保險企業重組改制上市，促進了保險業迅速發展。利率市場化改革邁出實質性步伐。實施人民幣匯率形成機制改革，匯率彈性逐步增強。

We vigorously promoted reform of the banking, fiscal and taxation systems.We resolutely carried out reform addressing the poor performance and greater financial risks of state-owned commercial banks.The Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, the Bank of China, the China Construction Bank and the Bank of Communications were turned into stockholding companies and listed on stock markets.This brought about significant improvement in the quality of their assets and profitability as well as major changes in the banking industry.We resolutely carried out reform of the shareholder structure in listed companies and resolved this longstanding institutional problem that hindered the development of the securities market.Key state-owned insurance firms were reorganized and went public, promoting rapid development of the insurance industry.Substantive progress was made in making interest rates more market-based.We reformed the RMB exchange rate regime to gradually make the exchange rate more flexible.外匯管理體制改革全面推進。財稅體制改革進一步深化，財政轉移支付制度和公共財政制度逐步完善。2003年到2007年，中央財政對地方的轉移支付累計4.25萬億元，87%用于支持中西部地區。在部分企業試行國有資本經營預算制度。啟動和擴大增值稅轉型改革試點。統一內外資企業所得稅制度。建立國家統一的職務與級別相結合的公務員工資制度，初步規范了津貼補貼制度。投資體制改革和價格改革取得新進展。

Comprehensive progress was made in reform of the system for managing foreign exchange.Reform of the fiscal and taxation systems was deepened, and the system of transfer payments and the system of public finance were steadily improved.The central government turned over 4.25 trillion yuan in transfer payments to local governments from 2003 to 2007, with 87% of it allocated to the central and western regions.A budget system for managing state capital was introduced in some enterprises on a trial basis.We launched and expanded trials to reform the value-added tax.The income tax systems for domestic and overseas-funded enterprises were unified.A unified state civil servant salary system based on both position and rank was set up, and the system of subsidies and allowances was basically standardized.Further progress was made in reform of the investment system and pricing system.加強市場體系建設。生產要素市場化程度穩步提高。商品流通現代化步伐加快。土地和礦產資源市場秩序、產品質量和食品藥品安全等專項整治取得明顯成效，保護知識產權力度加大，嚴厲打擊了制假售假、非法傳銷、商業欺詐、盜版侵權等違法犯罪活動。

Work to develop the market system was intensified.Market forces played an increasingly important role in trade in the factors of production.The modernization of commodity distribution was accelerated.Significant achievements were made in the effort to rectify order in the markets for land and mineral resources and improve the quality of products and the safety of food and drugs.Protection of intellectual property rights was strengthened, and we severely cracked down on violations of the law such as the production and sale of counterfeit goods, pyramid schemes, commercial fraud, piracy and infringement on others' rights.堅持擴大對外開放。我們認真履行加入世界貿易組織各項承諾，積極做好過渡期各項工作。深化涉外經濟體制改革，促進貿易投資便利化。放開外貿經營權，大幅度降低關稅，取消進口配額、許可證等非關稅措施，金融、商業、電信等服務業開放不斷擴大。進出口商品結構逐步優化。利用外資質量進一步提高。實施“走出去”戰略邁出堅實步伐，對外經濟互利合作取得明顯成效。

We continued to open China wider to the outside world.We honored all the commitments we made when we entered the World Trade Organization and made all the required adjustments for the transition period.We deepened reform of the externally oriented economic system to facilitate trade and investment.We lifted controls over access to foreign trade, greatly lowered tariffs, rescinded non-tariff measures such as import quotas and permits, and opened banking, commerce, telecommunications and other service sectors wider.There was gradual improvement in the mix of imports and exports.There was further improvement in the utilization of foreign capital.The “go global” strategy was resolutely implemented and significant results were obtained in mutually beneficial economic cooperation with other countries.（三）全面加強社會建設，切實保障和改善民生

3.Strengthening all aspects of social development, ensuring the wellbeing of the people and improving their lives.我們堅持統籌經濟社會發展，加快教育、衛生、文化、體育等社會事業發展和改革，積極解決涉及人民群眾切身利益的問題。

We steadfastly carried out overall planning for economic and social development, accelerated the development and reform of social programs in education, health, culture and sports and worked hard to resolve problems affecting the vital interests of the people.在教育方面。全國財政用于教育支出五年累計2.43萬億元，比前五年增長1.26倍。農村義務教育已全面納入財政保障范圍，對全國農村義務教育階段學生全部免除學雜費、全部免費提供教科書，對家庭經濟困難寄宿生提供生活補助，使1.5億學生和780萬名家庭經濟困難寄宿生受益。西部地區基本普及九年義務教育、基本掃除青壯年文盲攻堅計劃如期完成。國家安排專項資金支持2.2萬多所農村中小學改造危房、建設7000多所寄宿制學校，遠程教育已覆蓋36萬所農村中小學，更多的農村學生享受到優質教育資源。

Education.Public expenditures on education in China reached 2.43 trillion yuan over the five-year period, a 126% increase compared to the previous five-year period.Funding for rural compulsory education is now fully provided by the government budget.All the 150 million students receiving compulsory education in rural areas are exempt from paying tuition and miscellaneous fees and are supplied with free textbooks, and living allowances are provided to the 7.8 million students from poor families who stay in school dormitories.The plan to make nine-year compulsory education basically universal and to basically eliminate illiteracy among young and middle-aged adults in the western region was implemented on schedule.The state allocated special funds to support the renovation of dilapidated buildings at more than 22,000 rural primary and secondary schools and the building of more than 7,000 schools with student dormitory facilities.Distance education now covers 360,000 rural primary and middle schools, making quality education available to more rural students.更加重視職業教育發展，2007年中、高等職業教育在校生分別達到2000萬人和861萬人。普通高等教育本科生和研究生規模達到1144萬人。高校重點學科建設繼續加強。建立健全普通本科高校、高等和中等職業學校國家獎學金助學金制度，中央財政此項支出從2006年20.5億元增加到去年的98億元，高校資助面超過20%，中等職業學校資助面超過90%，資助標準大幅度提高。2007年開始在教育部直屬師范大學實施師范生免費教育試點。我們在實現教育公平上邁出了重大步伐。

Greater efforts were made to develop vocational education, with the student population reaching 20 million at secondary vocational schools and 8.61 million at vocational colleges in 2007.A total of 11.44 million students were enrolled in undergraduate and graduate programs in regular institutions of higher learning.More effort was put into developing key disciplines in institutions of higher learning.A system of government scholarships and financial aid to students in regular undergraduate institutions, vocational colleges and secondary vocational schools was instituted and improved, and its funding from the central government budget was increased from 2.05 billion yuan in 2006 to 9.8 billion yuan in 2007.This enabled over 20% of the students in institutions of higher learning and more than 90% of the students in secondary vocational schools to benefit from financial aid and allowed schools to greatly raise the amount of aid offered.An experiment to provide free education to education students at normal universities directly under the Ministry of Education was launched in 2007.Major progress was made in providing equitable education opportunities for all.深入實施人才強國戰略，大力培養、積極引進和合理使用各類人才，高層次、高技能人才隊伍不斷壯大。

The strategy of reinvigorating China through development of human resources was extensively applied.Great efforts were made to train Chinese personnel, bring in needed personnel from other countries and make wise use of skilled personnel of all types, thus strengthening the ranks of high-caliber, highly skilled personnel in China.在衛生方面。全國財政用于醫療衛生支出五年累計6294億元，比前五年增長1.27倍。重點加強公共衛生、醫療服務和醫療保障體系建設，覆蓋城鄉、功能比較齊全的疾病預防控制和應急醫療救治體系基本建成。國家規劃免疫預防的疾病由7種擴大到15種，對艾滋病、結核病、血吸蟲病等重大傳染病患者實施免費救治。

Health.Total government expenditures on medical and health care in China over the five-year period reached 629.4 billion yuan, a 127% increase compared to the previous five-year period.The funding was mainly used to develop the public health service system, the medical service system and the medical security system, and basically complete the formation of the disease prevention and control system and emergency medical response system with a fairly comprehensive range of functions, covering both urban and rural areas.The number of diseases covered by the state plan for immunization and disease prevention was increased from 7 to 15, and AIDS, tuberculosis, schistosomiasis and other major communicable diseases are now treated free of charge.國家安排資金改造和新建1.88萬所鄉鎮衛生院、786所縣醫院、285所縣中醫院和534所縣婦幼保健院，為1.17萬個鄉鎮衛生院配備了醫療設備，農村醫療衛生條件明顯改善。全國建立了2.4萬多個社區衛生服務機構，新型城市醫療衛生服務體系進一步健全。人口和計劃生育事業取得新進展，低生育水平繼續保持穩定。人民健康水平不斷提高，嬰兒死亡率和孕產婦死亡率明顯下降，2005年人均期望壽命達到73歲，對于我們這樣一個有13億人口的發展中國家是了不起的成就。

The state allocated funds to renovate or build 18,800 town and township health clinics, 786 county hospitals, 285 county traditional Chinese medicine hospitals and 534 county health centers for women and children, and equip 11,700 town and township health clinics with medical equipment, significantly improving conditions for providing medical and health care services in the countryside.More than 24,000 community health clinics were set up in China, further improving the new system of medical and health care services in urban areas.Further progress was made in carrying out population and family planning programs, and the birthrate remained stable at a low level.People's health continued to improve, infant and maternal mortality rates dropped significantly, and average life expectancy reached 73 years in 2005.These are momentous achievements for China, a developing country with a population of 1.3 billion.在就業方面。堅持實施和完善積極的就業政策，從財稅、金融等方面加大支持力度，中央財政安排就業補助資金五年累計666億元。城鄉公共就業服務體系建設進一步加強。

Employment.The government continued to follow and improve the policy that strongly promotes employment and to adopt fiscal, taxation and financial measures to increase employment.Expenditures for employment programs from the central government budget in the form of subsidies totaled 66.6 billion yuan over the five-year period.Urban and rural systems for providing public employment services were further strengthened.統籌做好就業再就業工作，全面加強職業技能培訓，平均每年城鎮新增就業1000多萬人、農村勞動力轉移就業800萬人。基本解決國有企業下崗職工再就業問題，完成下崗職工基本生活保障向失業保險并軌。在勞動力總量增加較多、就業壓力很大的情況下，保持了就業形勢的基本穩定。

Efforts were intensified to increase employment and reemployment in a well-planned way, and training in vocational skills was comprehensively strengthened.As a result, more than ten million urban people got jobs and eight million rural workers found work in nonagricultural sectors per year on average.The problem of finding other employment opportunities for workers laid off from SOEs was basically solved, and the work of incorporating basic cost of living allowances for laid-off workers into the unemployment insurance system was completed.The employment situation remained basically stable despite a large increase in the total workforce and great pressure on employment.在社會保障方面。全國財政用于社會保障支出五年累計1.95萬億元，比前五年增長1.41倍。城鎮職工基本養老保險制度不斷完善，2007年參保人數突破2億人，比2002年增加5400多萬人；做實基本養老保險個人賬戶試點擴大到11個省份；

Social safety net.Governments at all levels spent a total of 1.95 trillion yuan on building up the social safety net over the five-year period, a 141% increase compared to the previous five-year period.Continued improvement was made in the basic old-age insurance system for urban workers, with the number of participating workers exceeding 200 million in 2007, an increase of more than 54 million compared to 2002.Trials to fully fund personal accounts for basic old-age insurance were expanded to 11 province-level administrative units.從2005年開始連續三年提高企業退休人員基本養老金標準。中央財政五年累計補助養老保險專項資金3295億元。2007年城鎮職工基本醫療保險參保人數達到1.8億人，比2002年增加近1倍；88個城市啟動城鎮居民基本醫療保險試點；新型農村合作醫療制度不斷完善，已擴大到全國86%的縣，參合農民達到7.3億人。全國社會保障基金積累4140億元，比2002年增加2898億元。

Basic pensions for enterprise retirees were raised three years in a row beginning in 2005.A total of 329.5 billion yuan was allocated for old-age insurance programs from the central government budget in the form of subsidies over the last five years.The number of urban workers participating in basic medical insurance reached 180 million in 2007, nearly twice the number in 2002.The trial of basic medical insurance for urban residents was launched in 88 cities.Continued improvement was made in the new system of rural cooperative medical care, which now covers 86% of all counties and 730 million rural residents in China.Funds to support the national social safety net totaled 414 billion yuan, an increase of 289.8 billion yuan over 2002.城鄉社會救助體系基本建立。城市居民最低生活保障制度不斷完善，保障標準和補助水平逐步提高。2007年在全國農村全面建立最低生活保障制度，3451.9萬農村居民納入保障范圍。這是保障城鄉困難群眾基本生活的一項根本性制度建設。社會福利、優撫安置、慈善和殘疾人事業取得新進展。抗災救災工作全面加強，中央財政五年支出551億元，受災群眾生產生活得到妥善安排。

Establishment of the urban and rural emergency aid system was basically completed.The system of basic cost of living allowances for urban residents was improved, with gradually rising standards and allowances.A system of basic cost of living allowances was established in all rural areas of China in 2007, covering 34.519 million rural residents.The systems provide a fundamental institution to assist poor people in urban and rural areas to meet basic living expenses.Further progress was made in developing social welfare, providing special assistance to entitled groups and developing charity programs and programs to help people with physical and mental disabilities.Efforts to combat disasters and provide disaster relief were greatly strengthened, with total expenditures from the central government budget reaching 55.1 billion yuan for the five-year period.This helped restore normal working and living conditions for disaster victims.在文化和體育方面。全國財政用于文化體育事業支出五年累計3104億元，比前五年增長1.3倍。縣鄉兩級公共文化服務體系初步形成，基本實現了縣縣有圖書館、文化館。全國文化信息資源共享工程、廣播電視村村通工程等基層文化設施建設扎實推進。哲學社會科學和新聞出版、廣播影視、文學藝術進一步繁榮。文物和非物質文化遺產保護得到加強。對外文化交流更加活躍。城鄉公共體育設施建設加快，群眾性體育蓬勃發展，體育健兒在國際大賽中取得優異成績。

Culture and sports.Government expenditures for culture and sports programs totaled 310.4 billion yuan for the five-year period, a 130% increase over the previous five-year period.The basic elements of a public cultural services system at the county and township levels were put in place, and basically every county now has a library and cultural center.Substantive progress was made in setting up local cultural facilities such as the projects to set up a national shared databank of cultural information and resources and extend radio and television coverage to all villages.Philosophy, the social sciences, the press and publishing, radio, film and television, literature and art thrived.Protection of cultural relics and intangible cultural heritage was strengthened.Cultural exchanges with other countries were intensified.Development of public sports facilities in urban and rural areas was accelerated, mass sports activities developed vigorously, and Chinese athletes did well in international competitions.在居民收入和消費方面。努力增加城鄉居民特別是低收入居民收入。調高最低工資標準；基本解決拖欠農民工工資問題；四次提高重點優撫對象的撫恤補助標準，統籌解決退役軍人實際困難。降低居民儲蓄存款利息稅率，提高個人所得稅起征點。家庭財產普遍增多。居民消費結構升級加快，家用汽車大幅度增加，移動電話、計算機、互聯網快速普及，旅游人數成倍增長。住房條件進一步改善，棚戶區改造取得積極進展。城鄉居民享有的公共服務明顯增多。

Personal income and consumer spending Vigorous efforts were made to increase the incomes of urban and rural residents, especially low-income persons.The minimum wage was increased.The problem of arrears in the wages of rural migrant workers in urban areas was basically resolved.The standards for financial aid to key entitled groups were increased four times, and plans were implemented to resolve the practical problems of demobilized military personnel.The tax on interest earnings from individual savings deposits was lowered and the earnings threshold for the individual income tax was raised.There was a general increase in family assets.Upgrading of consumer spending proceeded at a faster pace, and there was a great increase in the number of family-owned cars and rapid spread in the use of cell phones, computers and Internet services.The number of people going on vacations increased several fold.There was further improvement in housing conditions, encouraging progress was made in improving conditions in shantytowns, and much more public services were made available to urban and rural residents.在社會管理方面。著力維護人民群眾合法權益，積極化解社會矛盾。制定并實施保障農民工合法權益的政策措施。努力解決土地征收征用、房屋拆遷、企業改制、環境保護等方面損害群眾利益的問題。信訪工作不斷加強。高度重視安全生產工作，健全安全監管體制，落實安全生產責任制，加強安全生產法制建設。社會治安防控體系更加健全，綜合治理工作進一步加強。依法打擊各類犯罪活動，有效維護了國家安全和社會穩定。

Public administration。

Work in this area was concentrated on protecting the legitimate rights and interests of the people and resolving social tensions.We formulated and implemented policies and measures for protecting the legitimate rights and interests of rural migrant workers in urban areas.We devoted a great deal of effort to resolving infringements on the interests of the public related to land expropriation and requisition, housing demolition, enterprises converting to a stockholding system and environmental protection.Improvement was made in the handling of complaints made by individuals through letters and visits.We paid very close attention to improving workplace safety and the safety oversight system, instituted a responsibility system for workplace safety and improved related legislation.The public security system for crime prevention and control was further strengthened, and overall crime control work was intensified.We combated criminal activities in accordance with the law, effectively protected China's security and maintained law and order.在經濟快速發展和財力明顯增加的情況下，用很大力量解決了一些長期遺留的歷史問題。剝離和處置國有商業銀行不良資產，置換農村信用社不良貸款和歷年虧損掛賬，化解國有企業歷史債務，逐步解決國有糧食企業政策性虧損掛賬，還清出口退稅欠款，完善大中型水庫征地補償和移民后期扶持政策等。這些問題的解決對于經濟社會發展起到了重要作用。

Taking advantage of the rapid development of the economy and significant improvement of public finance, we worked hard to resolve some longstanding problems.We sold off nonperforming assets of state-owned commercial banks, made alternate arrangements for nonperforming loans and long-term non-paying accounts of rural credit cooperatives, eased the long-term debts of SOEs, gradually eased policy-related losses of state-owned grain enterprises, cleared up overdue tax rebates for exports, and improved the policy for paying compensation for requisition of land for large and medium-sized reservoirs and assisting people displaced by reservoir projects.Resolution of these problems played an important role in promoting economic and social development.五年來，我們在民主法制建設、國防和軍隊建設、港澳臺工作和外交等方面，也取得了重要進展。

We made major progress over the past five years in enhancing democracy and the legal system, building national defense and the military, doing our work related to Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, and conducting diplomacy.穩步推進社會主義民主法制建設。各級政府自覺接受同級人民代表大會及其常委會的監督，主動接受人民政協的民主監督，認真聽取民主黨派、工商聯、無黨派人士、人民團體意見，通過多種形式征求專家學者和人民群眾的建議，接受新聞媒體和社會各界的監督。實行重大事項決策公示和聽證制度。加強城鄉基層自治組織建設，基層民主管理制度進一步健全。五年國務院共向全國人大常委會提交39件法律議案，制定、修訂137件行政法規。探索建立公眾有序參與政府立法的機制和制度，有15部法律草案和行政法規草案向社會公開征求意見。全面清理了現行行政法規和規章。貫徹民族區域自治法，推進民族團結進步事業。全面落實宗教信仰自由政策，宗教事務管理走向法制化、規范化。全面落實僑務政策，依法保護海外僑胞和歸僑僑眷的合法權益。

We made steady progress in improving socialist democracy and the socialist legal system.Governments at all levels conscientiously accepted the oversight of the people's congress and its standing committee at the corresponding level;voluntarily accepted the democratic oversight by CPPCC committees;carefully listened to the views of the democratic parties, federations of industry and commerce, persons without party affiliation and people's organizations;solicited suggestions of experts, scholars and the general public in a variety of forms;and accepted the oversight of the media and all sectors of society.Governments at all levels made public announcements and held public hearings before making major decisions.We stepped up efforts to develop autonomy in urban community and village administrative bodies and further improved the democratic system at the local level.During the past five years the State Council submitted 39 bills to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress and formulated or revised 137 administrative regulations.We explored ways to set up mechanisms and systems for orderly public participation in government legislation and published 15 draft laws and drafts of administrative regulations to solicit comments from the public.We carried out a thorough review of current administrative rules and regulations.We adhered to the Law on Regional Ethnic Autonomy and carried forward the programs to promote unity and progress among ethnic groups.The policy on freedom of religious belief was comprehensively implemented, and the administration of religious affairs was put on a more solid legal footing and further standardized.We comprehensively implemented the policy on matters related to overseas Chinese nationals and protected the legitimate rights and interests of overseas Chinese nationals, returned overseas Chinese nationals and their relatives.全面加強軍隊現代化建設。積極推進中國特色軍事變革。調整改革軍隊體制編制和政策制度，裁減軍隊員額20萬任務順利完成。國防和軍隊建設取得歷史性成就。人民解放軍和人民武裝警察部隊為維護國家主權、安全、領土完整和促進社會和諧穩定作出了重大貢獻。

We stepped up all efforts to modernize the military.We vigorously pressed ahead with the revolution in military affairs with Chinese characteristics.We adjusted and reformed the military's structure and staffing and its related policies and systems and smoothly cut its size by 200,000 personnel.We made historic achievements in strengthening national defense and the military.The People's Liberation Army and the People's Armed Police Force made major contributions to safeguarding China's sovereignty, security and territorial integrity and to promoting social harmony and stability.堅持“一國兩制”方針，嚴格按照香港特別行政區基本法和澳門特別行政區基本法辦事。實施內地與香港、澳門更緊密經貿關系安排。香港、澳門保持繁榮穩定。

We adhered to the principle of “one country, two systems” and acted in strict accordance with the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and the Basic Law of the Macao Special Administrative Region.We implemented the Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement between the mainland and the regions of Hong Kong and Macao.Both regions remained thriving and stable.堅決反對和遏制“臺獨”分裂活動，捍衛國家主權與領土完整，維護臺海和平。實施一系列有利于人員往來和經濟科技教育文化體育交流的措施，促進了兩岸關系和平穩定發展。

We resolutely opposed and foiled secessionist activities aimed at Taiwan independence, thereby protecting China's sovereignty and territorial integrity and safeguarding peace in the Taiwan Straits.We carried out a number of measures to make it easier for people to visit between the two sides and for economic, scientific, educational, cultural and sports exchanges to take place in order to promote the peaceful and steady development of cross-Straits relations.積極開展對外交往與合作，全方位外交取得重大進展，堅定地維護和發展了國家利益。我國同主要大國加強了對話，增進了信任，擴大了合作。中美關系穩定發展，中俄戰略協作伙伴關系提高到新水平，中歐全面合作日益深化，中日關系得到改善，同周邊國家睦鄰友好關系進一步加強，區域合作取得新成果，同發展中國家的團結合作開創了新局面。成功舉辦一系列重大多邊外交活動。妥善應對國際上各種新挑戰，積極負責地參與解決全球性問題，在解決國際和地區熱點問題上發揮著重要的建設性作用。

We actively promoted exchange and cooperation with other countries, made major progress in conducting diplomacy on all fronts, and resolutely safeguarded and developed China's interests.China stepped up dialogue with the major countries and increased trust and expanded cooperation with them.China-U.S.relations developed steadily, the China-Russia partnership of strategic coordination reached a new height, China-Europe cooperation in all areas went from strength to strength, and China-Japan relations improved.Good-neighborly relations with surrounding countries were further strengthened, further achievements were made in regional cooperation, and China's solidarity and cooperation with other developing countries entered a new stage.We successfully carried out a series of major multilateral diplomatic activities.We appropriately responded to new challenges in the international arena, actively and responsibly participated in efforts to resolve global issues, and played an important and constructive role in the resolution of issues concerning international and regional hotspots.五年來，我們始終重視政府自身改革和建設。本屆政府把實行科學民主決策、推進依法行政、加強行政監督作為政府工作的三項基本準則。制定全面推進依法行政實施綱要，推動政府職能轉變和管理創新，強化社會管理和公共服務。認真貫徹實施行政許可法，推進行政審批制度改革，國務院各部門取消和調整行政審批項目692項。推進政務公開，完善新聞發布制度，加強電子政務建設。全國應急管理體系基本建立。監察、審計等專門監督工作卓有成效。公務員教育培訓和管理法制化建設進一步加強。堅持不懈地開展反腐敗斗爭和加強政風建設，治理商業賄賂工作取得良好成效，依法查處違法違規案件和失職瀆職行為，懲處腐敗分子。

We paid close attention to self-reform and self-improvement of the government during the five-year period.This government took scientific and democratic policy-making, law-based administration and better administrative oversight as the three basic principles for its work.We formulated the Program for Advancing All Aspects of Government Administration in Accordance with the Law and promoted change in the way the government functions and innovations in management, thereby improving public administration and public services.We diligently carried out the Administrative Permit Law and promoted reform of the system of administrative examination and approval.As a result, departments of the State Council eliminated or streamlined a total of 692 items requiring examination and approval.We promoted greater openness in government affairs, improved the system for releasing information, and increased the application of e-government.Establishment of a national emergency response management system was basically completed.Oversight work such as supervision and auditing was quite effective.Further improvement was made in education and training of civil servants and in developing a legislative framework for civil-service administration.We worked unceasingly to combat corruption and improve the conduct of the government, made good progress in combating bribery in business, uncovered a number of violations of laws and regulations and cases of neglect and dereliction of duty, and punished corrupt persons.過去五年，我們在豐富實踐中積累了許多寶貴經驗，主要體會是：

We learned many valuable lessons in our experiences over the last five years.The main ones are as follows.第一，必須堅持解放思想。解放思想、實事求是是我們黨的思想路線。只有堅持一切從實際出發，破除迷信，敢于沖破不合時宜的觀念束縛，尊重群眾首創精神，大膽探索、實踐和創造，與時俱進，才能使社會主義現代化事業充滿生機和活力。

First, we must continue to liberate our thinking.Liberating our thinking and following a realistic and pragmatic approach is the Party's ideological line.We must proceed from reality in everything we do, eliminate superstition, break the shackles of outdated ideas, respect the people's pioneering spirit, boldly explore new ways, take concrete action, be creative, and keep up with the times to ensure that the cause of socialist modernization retains its great vitality.第二，必須堅持落實科學發展觀。科學發展觀是發展中國特色社會主義的重大戰略思想，是我國經濟社會發展的重要指導方針。我們要堅持把發展作為第一要務，著力轉變經濟發展方式，調整經濟結構，提高經濟增長質量和效益；堅持以人為本，注重統籌兼顧，推動全面協調可持續發展。只有深入貫徹落實科學發展觀，才能實現經濟社會又好又快發展，促進社會和諧。

Second, we must steadfastly apply the Scientific Outlook on Development.This is a major strategic concept for developing socialism with Chinese characteristics and an important guiding principle for China's economic and social development.We must continue to take development as the top priority, concentrate on changing the way the economy develops, and adjust the economic structure to improve the quality and efficiency of economic growth.We must always put people first, attach great importance to overall planning, and promote comprehensive, balanced and sustainable development.Only by thoroughly applying the Scientific Outlook on Development can we achieve sound and rapid economic and social development and promote social harmony.第三，必須堅持改革開放。改革開放是決定當代中國命運重大而關鍵的抉擇。我們要堅定不移地推進經濟體制改革、政治體制改革，發展社會主義民主政治，完善社會主義市場經濟體制，解放和發展生產力，促進社會公平正義，實現人的全面發展。開放也是改革，開放兼容才能強國。改革開放貫穿于社會主義現代化建設的整個過程，任何時候都不能動搖。

Third, we must adhere to the reform and opening up policy.Reform and opening up is a major and crucial choice that is shaping the destiny of contemporary China.We need to unswervingly promote reform in economic and political institutions, develop socialist democracy, improve the socialist market economy, liberate and develop the productive forces, promote social fairness and justice, and achieve all-round personal development.Opening up is also a kind of reform, and a nation cannot become strong if it is not open and inclusive.We must continue to pursue reform and opening up throughout the course of socialist modernization and never deviate from this policy.第四，必須堅持搞好宏觀調控。宏觀調控與市場機制都是社會主義市場經濟體制的組成部分。我們要更大程度地發揮市場在資源配置中的基礎性作用，增強企業活力和競爭力。同時，要加強和改善宏觀調控，堅持主要運用經濟手段、法律手段，發揮各種政策的組合效應；堅持區別對待、有保有壓，不搞一刀切，不搞急剎車；堅持不斷總結經驗，及時調整政策，注重實際效果。只有把市場機制和宏觀調控有機結合起來，才能保證整個經濟充滿活力、富有效率、持續健康協調發展。

Fourth, we must continue to exercise effective macroeconomic regulation.Both macroeconomic regulation and market forces are components of the socialist market economy.We need to make better use of the basic role of market forces in allocating resources, revitalize enterprises and improve their competitive edge.At the same time, we need to improve macroeconomic regulation, continue to carry out macroeconomic regulation mainly through economic and legal means, and get the complete range of government policies to fully play their role.We must continue to deal with each situation on its own merits, encourage growth in some sectors and discourage it in others as the situation requires, and refrain from taking a uniform approach to different situations or putting on the brakes without good reason.We must continue to draw lessons from our experiences, make policy adjustments as needed and be result-oriented.We must integrate the use of market forces with macroeconomic regulation in order to ensure that the economy remains vigorous, performs well, and develops in a sustainable, healthy and balanced way.第五，必須堅持執政為民。政府的一切權力都是人民賦予的，執政為民是各級政府的崇高使命。我們要牢記全心全意為人民服務的宗旨，把實現好、維護好、發展好最廣大人民的根本利益，作為政府工作的出發點和落腳點。更加注重保障和改善民生，特別要關心和解決城鄉低收入群眾的生活困難，使全體人民共享改革發展成果。只有堅持一切屬于人民，一切為了人民，一切依靠人民，一切歸功于人民，我們的各項事業才能獲得最廣泛最可靠的群眾基礎和力量源泉。

Fifth, we must continue to run the government for the people.All the power of the government comes from the people, and running the government for them is a lofty mission of governments at all levels.We must never forget that serving the people wholeheartedly is our purpose, and make sure that the aim and outcome of the work of the government is to fulfill, safeguard and develop the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of people.We need to attach greater importance to ensuring the well-being of the people and improving their lives, in particular showing concern for urban and rural residents with low incomes and helping them make ends meet in their daily lives, in order to ensure that all of the people share in the fruits of reform and development.We must always keep in mind that everything belongs to the people, do everything for their benefit, rely on them in everything we do and attribute all our successes to their efforts.Only by doing so can we enjoy the broadest and most reliable support from the people and draw from them the strength for ensuring success in all our endeavors.第六，必須堅持依法行政。遵守憲法和法律是政府一切工作的根本原則。我們要嚴格按照法定權限和程序行使權力、履行職責，加強政府立法，規范行政執法，完善行政監督，建設法治政府，不斷提高依法行政能力。只有全面推行依法行政，努力做到有權必有責、用權受監督、侵權要賠償、違法要追究，讓權力在陽光下運行，才能保證人民賦予的權力始終用來為人民謀利益。

Sixth, we must continue to run the government in accordance with the law.Abiding by the Constitution and laws is a fundamental principle for all the work of the government.We need to exercise our power and perform our functions and responsibilities within the jurisdiction stipulated by law and in accordance with legal procedures, improve government legislative work, standardize administrative law enforcement, improve administrative oversight, develop law-based government and enhance our ability to carry out administrative functions in accordance with the law.We must ensure that government administration fully complies with the law, that power comes with responsibility, that there is proper oversight on the exercise of power, that reparation is paid for infringement of rights, that any violation of the law is prosecuted, and that power is exercised in a transparent manner.This is the only way to ensure that the power entrusted to us by the people is always exercised in their interests.我們也清醒地認識到，經濟社會發展和政府工作中還存在不少問題，國內外形勢發展變化使我們面臨諸多新的挑戰和風險。

We are also clearly aware that there are still many problems affecting China's economic and social development and the work of the government, and that changes in the domestic and international environment present many new challenges and risks.——經濟運行中一些突出問題和深層次矛盾依然存在。近年來固定資產投資增長過快，貨幣信貸投放過多，國際收支不平衡。長期形成的結構性矛盾和增長方式粗放問題仍然突出。投資與消費關系不協調，投資率持續偏高；一二三產業發展不協調，工業特別是重工業比重偏大，服務業比重偏低；自主創新能力不強，經濟增長的資源環境代價過大。

-There are still some prominent issues and deep-rooted problems affecting economic performance.China has experienced overheated growth in fixed asset investment, excessive supplies of money and credit, and imbalance in its international payments in recent years.Longstanding structural problems and the extensive pattern of growth remain serious problems.There is a lack of balance between investment and consumption, with the investment rate still running too high.Development of primary, secondary and tertiary industries is not in balance, with too much investment in primary industry, particularly heavy industry, but too little investment in the service industry.China's capacity for independent innovation is still weak and the price paid for economic growth in terms of resource consumption and environmental pressure is too great.農業基礎仍然薄弱，農業穩定發展和農民持續增收難度加大，城鄉、區域發展差距擴大的趨勢尚未扭轉。特別是影響經濟發展的體制機制障礙還相當突出，改革攻堅任務繁重。

Agriculture, the foundation of the economy, remains weak.The difficulty of maintaining steady agricultural development and keeping the incomes of farmers increasing has grown, and the growing development gap between urban and rural areas and between regions has not been checked.In particular, the institutional factors hindering economic development remain serious, making institutional reform a daunting task.——涉及群眾切身利益的問題有待進一步解決。當前物價上漲、通貨膨脹壓力加大，是廣大群眾最為關注的問題。去年居民消費價格總水平比上年上漲4.8%，主要是食品和居住類價格漲幅較大。物價上漲有多方面的因素：國內農產品價格多年在低位運行，近期的價格上漲有其必然性和一定的合理因素，但對群眾特別是低收入群眾生活影響較大；近年來國際市場初級產品價格大幅上升，也直接影響國內價格上漲。

-More work needs to be done to resolve problems affecting the vital interests of the people.The current price hikes and increasing inflationary pressures are the biggest concern of the people.Last year's consumer price index(CPI)rose by 4.8% year-on-year, mainly due to large increases in the cost of food and housing.There are a variety of factors behind the price increases.Though the domestic prices of farm products have remained low for many years and some of the recent price increases were therefore overdue and somewhat reasonable, price increases nevertheless have a great impact on people's lives, especially on the lives of the low-income sector of the population.The prices of primary commodities on the international market have risen considerably in recent years, which directly puts upward pressure on domestic prices.由于推動價格上漲的因素還將存在，今年價格上漲的壓力仍然較大。同時，生產資料價格不斷上升，房地產等資產價格上漲過快，防止通貨膨脹的任務相當艱巨。勞動就業、社會保障、教育、醫療衛生、收入分配、住房、產品質量安全、安全生產、社會治安等方面，還有不少問題需要認真加以解決。

Because factors driving prices up are still at work, upward pressure on prices will remain great this year.In addition, prices of the means of production have continued to rise and real estate prices have risen steeply, making the task of holding down inflation difficult.There are still quite a few problems in employment, the social safety net, education, medical and health care, income distribution, housing, product quality and safety, workplace safety and public security, and we need to work harder to resolve them.——國際經濟環境變化不確定因素和潛在風險增加。隨著經濟全球化深入發展，我國經濟與世界經濟聯系越來越密切。當前全球經濟失衡加劇、增速放緩，國際競爭更加激烈；美國次級抵押貸款危機影響蔓延，美元持續貶值，國際金融市場風險增大；國際市場糧食價格上漲，石油等初級產品價格高位運行；貿易保護主義加劇，貿易摩擦增多。

-Both uncertainties in the international economic environment and potential risks have increased.As economic globalization proceeds, the Chinese economy becomes increasingly tied to the world economy.The current imbalance in the global economy is only getting worse and global economic growth is slowing, making international competition even fiercer.The impact of the U.S.sub-prime mortgage crisis is expanding, the value of the dollar is continuing to fall, and there is greater risk in international financial markets.Grain prices are rising and prices for petroleum and other primary products remain high in the international market.Trade protectionism has gotten worse, and trade frictions have increased.國際上一些政治因素對世界經濟走勢的影響也不容忽視。這些都可能對我國經濟發展帶來不利影響。我國正處在改革發展的關鍵時期，必須充分做好應對國際環境變化的各種準備，提高防范風險的能力。

The effect of certain political factors in the international arena on world economic trends cannot be overlooked.All this could adversely affect China's economic development.China is now in a critical period in its reform and development, and we must be fully prepared for changes in the international environment and become better able to defuse risks.——政府自身建設和管理需要加強。我們深深感到，政府工作與形勢的要求和人民的期望還有不小差距。政府職能轉變還不到位，社會管理和公共服務比較薄弱；一些部門職責交叉、權責脫節，相互推諉，辦事效率低下；一些政府工作人員服務意識不強，素質不高；對權力的監督和約束機制不健全，形式主義、官僚主義問題比較突出，弄虛作假、奢侈浪費和腐敗現象比較嚴重。

-The government's self-improvement efforts and administration need to be strengthened.We are keenly aware that the work and accomplishments of the government still fall somewhat short of what circumstances require and the people expect.The functions of government have not been completely transformed, and public administration and public services are still weak.Some government departments have overlapping responsibilities, their powers and responsibilities are not well matched, some try to shirk their responsibilities, and their performance is poor.Some government employees have an inadequate sense of responsibility toward the public and are not competent enough.Oversight mechanisms and checks on government authority are not strong enough.The problems of formalism and bureaucratic behavior are fairly common, and fraud, extravagance and waste, and corruption are quite serious.我們一定要始終保持清醒頭腦，增強憂患意識，以對國家、對人民高度負責的使命感和緊迫感，更加兢兢業業、扎扎實實地做好政府各項工作。

We must remain clear-headed at all times, be more mindful of potential danger, be highly responsible to the country and the people, maintain a high sense of mission and urgency, work even more industriously, and successfully carry out all of the government's work.各位代表！

Fellow Deputies, 過去五年的成就和進步，來之不易。這是在改革開放多年來奠定的基礎上取得的，是以胡錦濤同志為總書記的黨中央駕馭全局、正確領導的結果，是全國各族人民奮發進取、共同努力的結果，也是與廣大海外僑胞、國際友人的支持和幫助分不開的。

The achievements of the past five years have not come easily.They were built on a foundation laid through many years of reform and opening up, and are attributable to the correct leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Hu Jintao as General Secretary, which has effectively managed the overall situation.Credit also goes to the hard work and concerted effort of the people of all the ethnic groups in China, and to the support and assistance of overseas Chinese nationals and foreign friends.在戰勝種種嚴重困難和挑戰、完成各項重大任務中，充分表現了中國人民不畏艱險、一往無前的決心、勇氣和意志。我代表國務院，向全國各族人民，向各民主黨派、各人民團體和各界人士，表示誠摯的感謝！向香港特別行政區同胞、澳門特別行政區同胞和臺灣同胞，以及廣大僑胞，表示誠摯的感謝！向世界各國政府、國際組織和國際友人對中國現代化事業的理解和支持，表示誠摯的感謝！

Displaying indomitable determination, courage and will, the Chinese people have overcome untold difficulties and challenges and accomplished major tasks.On behalf of the State Council, I would like to sincerely thank the people of all the ethnic groups, the democratic parties, the people's organizations and people from all sectors of society.I would like to express my sincere thanks to our compatriots in Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions and in Taiwan, as well as overseas Chinese nationals.I would like to thank governments of other countries, international organizations and foreign friends of China around the world for their understanding of and support for China's modernization.二、2008年主要任務 II.Major Tasks for 2008

今年是全面貫徹黨的十七大精神的第一年，改革發展任務繁重而艱巨，做好政府工作意義重大。

This is the first year for comprehensively implementing the guiding principles set out at the Seventeenth CPC National Congress.We face arduous tasks in reform and development, and it is very important for us to successfully carry out the work of the government.政府工作的基本思路和主要任務是：高舉中國特色社會主義偉大旗幟，以鄧小平理論和“三個代表”重要思想為指導，深入貫徹落實科學發展觀，更加重視加強和改善宏觀調控，更加重視推進改革開放和自主創新，更加重視調整經濟結構和提高發展質量，更加重視節約資源和保護環境，更加重視改善民生和促進社會和諧，推進社會主義經濟建設、政治建設、文化建設、社會建設，加快全面建設小康社會進程。

The basic guidelines and major tasks for the government's work are as follows: we must hold high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics;take Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of Three Represents as our guide;fully apply the Scientific Outlook on Development;attach greater importance to improving macroeconomic regulation, promoting reform, opening up and independent innovation, adjusting the economic structure and improving the quality of development, conserving resources and protecting the environment, and improving people's lives and promoting social harmony;promote socialist economic, political, cultural and social development;and accelerate the process of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.今年國民經濟和社會發展的預期目標是：在優化結構、提高效益、降低消耗、保護環境的基礎上，國內生產總值增長8%左右；居民消費價格總水平漲幅控制在4.8%左右；城鎮新增就業1000萬人，城鎮登記失業率控制在4.5%左右；國際收支狀況有所改善。

We have set the following targets for economic and social development in 2008: on the basis of improving the economic structure, productivity, energy efficiency and environmental protection, the GDP should grow by about 8%, and the rise in the CPI should be held at around 4.8%.Ten million jobs should be created in urban areas, and the rate of registered urban unemployment should be kept at around 4.5%.Some improvement should be made in the balance of payments.這里要著重說明，提出國內生產總值增長8%左右，主要是綜合考慮了國內和國際多種因素，著眼于保持經濟平穩較快發展，引導各方面把主要精力和工作重點放在轉變發展方式、深化改革、加快社會建設上，防止片面追求和盲目攀比經濟增長速度，實現經濟社會又好又快發展。

It is important to note here that in setting the GDP growth target at around 8% for 2008, we have taken into account a variety of domestic and international factors.Our goal is to maintain both steady and fast economic growth, and guide all sectors of society to concentrate on changing the pattern of development, deepening reform and accelerating social development.The different regions should not just seek faster growth or compete with each other to have the highest growth rate.We should promote both sound and fast economic and social development.提出居民消費價格總水平漲幅控制在4.8%左右，主要是由于去年價格上漲對今年價格的翹尾影響較大，推動價格上漲的因素較多，控制物價上漲的難度加大；同時，又要考慮到居民、企業和社會各方面承受能力，努力避免物價漲幅過大。The major considerations in setting the target for keeping the CPI this year at around 4.8% are as follows: last year's price increases are still exerting a fairly strong influence and quite a few factors are creating inflationary pressure, making it difficult to bring price increases under control.At the same time, we have to take into consideration the ability of individuals, enterprises and all sectors of society to tolerate price increases and try our best to avoid sharp price increases.實現經濟社會發展的目標和任務，需要把握以下原則：

To attain the targets and accomplish the tasks for this year's economic and social development, we must adhere to the following principles: 堅持穩中求進，促進經濟平穩較快發展；堅持好字優先，加快轉變經濟發展方式；堅持改革開放，注重推進制度建設和創新；

we must make progress while maintaining stability and aim for fast yet steady economic development.We must give priority to the quality rather than speed of development and accelerate improvement in the pattern of economic development.We must pursue reform and opening up and attach great importance to promoting institutional improvements and innovations.堅持以人為本，加快以改善民生為重點的社會建設。今年經濟工作，要把防止經濟增長由偏快轉為過熱、防止價格由結構性上漲演變為明顯通貨膨脹作為宏觀調控的首要任務；鑒于當前國內外經濟形勢發展的不確定因素較多，要密切跟蹤分析新情況新問題，審時度勢，從實際出發，及時靈活地采取相應對策，正確把握宏觀調控的節奏、重點和力度，保持經濟平穩較快發展，避免出現大的起落。

We must put people first and accelerate social development, with the focus on improving people's lives.The primary task for macroeconomic regulation this year is to prevent fast economic growth from becoming overheated growth and keep structural price increases from turning into significant inflation.There are quite a few uncertainties in the current economic situation at home and abroad, so we need to keep close track of new developments and problems, properly size up situations and take prompt and flexible measures to respond to them while keeping our feet firmly rooted in reality.We need to maintain the appropriate pace, focus and intensity of macroeconomic regulation to sustain steady and fast economic development and avoid drastic fluctuations in the economy.今年要著重抓好以下九個方面工作：

We need to concentrate on the following nine tasks this year:

（一）搞好宏觀調控，保持經濟平穩較快發展

1.Improving macroeconomic regulation to maintain fast yet steady economic development.根據國內外經濟形勢和宏觀調控任務的要求，今年要實行穩健的財政政策和從緊的貨幣政策。

In view of the current domestic and international economic situation we need to follow a prudent fiscal policy and a tight monetary policy this year to accomplish the tasks for macroeconomic regulation.繼續實行穩健的財政政策，就是要保持財政政策的連續性和穩定性，充分發揮財政促進結構調整和協調發展的重要作用，增加對薄弱環節、改善民生、深化改革等方面的支出；同時，進一步減少財政赤字和長期建設國債。

Continuing to follow a prudent fiscal policy means that we must ensure the continuity and consistency of fiscal policy, get public finance to fully play its important role in promoting structural adjustment and balanced development, and increase expenditures to shore up weak links, improve people's lives and deepen reform.In addition, we need to further reduce the budget deficit and the volume of long-term development treasury bonds.今年，中央財政赤字預算擬安排1800億元，比去年預算赤字減少650億元；擬安排國債投資300億元，比去年減少200億元；增加中央預算內經常性建設投資，中央建設投資總計為1521億元。

The deficit for the central government budget this year is set at 180 billion yuan, 65 billion yuan less than last year.We plan to issue 30 billion yuan of treasury bonds for investment, 20 billion yuan less than last year, and increase allocations from the central government budget for general development, bringing total central government investment in development projects up to 152.1 billion yuan.11 繼續調整財政支出和政府投資結構，較大幅度地增加“三農”、社會保障、醫療衛生、教育、文化、節能減排和廉租住房建設等方面支出。要抓好增收節支，依法加強稅收征管，規范非稅收入管理，控制一般性支出。改革政府投資管理方式，提高投資使用效益。

We will continue to adjust the structure of government spending and investment by greatly increasing spending on agriculture, rural areas and farmers, the social safety net, medical and health care, education, culture, energy conservation and emissions reduction, and construction of low-rent housing.We will work hard to increase revenue and reduce expenditures, tighten tax collection and management in accordance with the law, improve management of non-tax revenue, and control regular expenditures.We need to reform the management of government investment to improve the performance of investments.合理安排財政超收收入。去年全國財政比年度預算超收7239億元，其中中央財政超收4168億元。超預算收入使用的原則是：集中財力辦關系民生和制度性建設方面的事，調整結構，加強薄弱環節。

Government revenue surplus must be used wisely.Total government revenue exceeded the targeted figure by more than 723.9 billion yuan last year, including 416.8 billion yuan in the central government budget.Surplus revenue should be concentrated on solving problems that have a direct bearing on people's lives, making institutional and structural improvements and strengthening weak links.依法增加地方兩稅返還和一般性轉移支付的支出；增加農林水、教育、文化和科技方面支出；增加社會保障、醫療衛生、司法保障和廉租住房建設支出；增加節能減排和環境保護支出；解決農村義務教育債務和國有糧食企業財務掛賬等歷史遺留問題支出。同時，削減財政赤字450億元；擬增加中央預算穩定調節基金1032億元。

Spending on the following items will be increased in accordance with the law: rebates on the consumption tax and value-added tax and general transfer payments to local governments;agriculture, forestry, water conservancy projects, education, culture, science, the social safety net, medical and health care, legal aid, construction of low-rent housing, energy conservation, emissions reduction and environmental protection;and resolution of debts for rural compulsory education, debts of state-owned grain enterprises and other long-overdue payments.In addition, the budget deficit should be reduced by 45 billion yuan and the central budget stability and regulation fund should be increased by 103.2 billion yuan.實行從緊的貨幣政策，主要是考慮當前固定資產投資反彈壓力較大，貨幣信貸投放仍然偏多，流動性過剩矛盾尚未緩解，價格上漲壓力明顯，需要加強金融調控，控制貨幣供應量和信貸過快增長。

The decision to follow a tight monetary policy was based on the following considerations: the strong possibility of a resurgence in fixed asset investment, continued excessive supplies of money and credit, the still-unsolved problem of excess liquidity, and considerable inflationary pressure.For these reasons, we must improve financial regulation to control the excessively rapid growth in the supplies of money and credit.一要綜合運用公開市場操作、存款準備金率等方式，加大對沖流動性力度；合理發揮利率杠桿調節作用；完善人民幣匯率形成機制，增強匯率彈性。

First, we will step up efforts to curb excess liquidity by using a combination of open market operations and the required deposit reserve ratio.We will make appropriate use of the lever of interest rates.We will improve the RMB exchange rate regime to make the exchange rate more flexible.二要著力優化信貸結構，嚴格執行貸款條件，有保有壓。控制中長期貸款增長，特別是對高耗能、高排放企業和產能過剩行業的貸款；創新和改進銀行信貸服務，完善擔保、貼息等制度，加大對“三農”、服務業、中小企業、自主創新、節能環保、區域協調發展等方面的貸款支持。

Second, with the focus on improving the credit structure, we will strictly follow requirements for granting loans and guarantee some loans while restricting others.We will limit the increase in long-and medium-term loans, particularly to enterprises that are energy intensive or highly polluting and enterprises in industries with excess production capacity.We will make innovations and improvements in bank credit services, improve the systems of guarantees and interest discounts, and increase credit support for agriculture, rural areas, farmers, service industries, small and medium-sized enterprises, independent innovation, energy conservation, environmental protection, and balancing regional development.三要深化外匯管理體制改革。完善結售匯制度，加強跨境資本流動監管，穩步推進資本項目可兌換。拓展外匯儲備使用渠道和方式。同時，采取綜合措施，努力改善國際收支狀況。

Third, we will deepen reform of the foreign exchange administration system.We will improve the system for foreign exchange settlements and sales and payments in foreign exchange, tighten oversight on the flow of capital across borders, and move steadily toward making the RMB convertible for capital accounts.We will develop new channels and means for using foreign exchange reserves.Comprehensive measures will be adopted to improve the balance of payments.防止價格總水平過快上漲，是今年宏觀調控的重大任務。必須從增加有效供給和抑制不合理需求兩方面采取有力措施。

One major task for macroeconomic regulation this year is to prevent the overall price level from rising rapidly.To fulfill this task, we must take powerful measures to increase effective supply while curbing excessive demand.一要大力發展生產，特別要加強糧食、食用植物油、肉類等基本生活必需品和其他緊缺商品生產，認真落實支持發展生產的政策措施，搞好產運銷銜接。

First, we must expand production, especially the production of the basic necessities of life such as grain, vegetable oil and meat as well as other commodities in short supply.We must also earnestly implement policies and measures designed to support production and ensure coordination in the production, transport and sale of products.二要嚴格控制工業用糧和糧食出口。堅決制止玉米深加工能力盲目擴張，違規在建項目必須停建。

Second, we must strictly control industrial use of grain and grain exports.The reckless expansion of the capacity for intensive corn processing and construction work on such projects that violate regulations must be stopped.三要加快健全儲備體系，改進和完善儲備調節和進出口調節方式，適當增加國內緊缺重要消費品進口。

Third, we need to speed up improvement of the reserve system, improve methods for adjusting reserves and import and export volumes, and appropriately increase imports of major consumer goods that are in short supply on the domestic market.四要把握好政府調價的時機和力度，必須調整的資源性產品價格和公共服務收費也要從嚴控制，防止出現輪番漲價。

Fourth, we need to ensure that the timing and the size of government adjustments to prices are appropriate, and necessary adjustment of prices of resource products and public services should also be strictly controlled to prevent waves of price increases.五要健全大宗農產品、初級產品供求和價格變動的監測預警制度，做好市場供應和價格應急預案。

Fifth, we need to improve the early-warning system to monitor supply and demand and price changes of principal agricultural products and primary products, and put in place a plan for responding to drastic changes in market supply and demand and prices.六要加強市場和價格監管，抓好教育收費、醫藥價格、農資價格及涉農收費的監督檢查。依法打擊串通漲價、囤積居奇、哄抬物價等違法違規行為。

Sixth, we must strengthen market and price oversight and pay close attention to the oversight and inspection of prices and charges related to education, medical care, drugs, agricultural supplies, agriculture, rural areas and farmers.Illegal activities such as colluding or hoarding to drive up prices will be punished in accordance with the law.七要及時完善和落實對低收入群眾的補助辦法，特別要增加對生活困難群眾和家庭經濟困難學生的補貼，確保他們基本生活水平不因物價上漲而下降。

Seventh, we need to promptly improve and implement measures to aid the low-income sector of the population.In particular, we need to increase subsidies to poor people and students from poor families to ensure that their basic living standards do not drop because of price increases.八要遏制生產資料尤其是農業生產資料價格過快上漲。

Eighth, we must work to make sure that the prices of the means of production, particularly agricultural supplies, do not rise rapidly.九要堅持實行“米袋子”省長負責制和“菜籃子”市長負責制。物價問題與人民生活密切相關，各級政府一定要把穩定市場物價放在更加重要的位置。

Ninth, we will continue to implement the system of provincial governors assuming responsibility for the “rice bag”(grain supply)program and city mayors for the “vegetable basket”(non-staple food supply)program.Governments at all levels must give high priority to keeping prices stable because price stability has a direct bearing on the quality of people's lives.現在，國家糧食庫存充裕，主要工業消費品供大于求，只要切實加強領導，認真落實各項政策措施，上下共同努力，就一定能夠保證市場供應和價格基本穩定。

The country currently has an adequate stock of grain, and the supply of major manufactured consumer goods exceeds demand.We can ensure adequate supply in the market and basic price stability as long as governments at all levels work to improve their leadership, diligently implement all policies and measures, and mount a concerted effort from the highest to the lowest level.近期發生的嚴重低溫雨雪冰凍災害，給經濟造成重大損失，給群眾生活帶來很大困難。要繼續做好災后重建工作，把災害損失減少到最低程度。要以電網恢復重建為重點抓緊修復基礎設施，盡快恢復農業生產，加強煤電油運協調工作，妥善安排受災地區群眾生活。同時，要從這次特大自然災害中，認真總結經驗教訓。加強電力、交通、通信等基礎設施建設，提高抗災和保障能力；加強應急體系和機制建設，提高預防和處置突發事件能力；加強對現代條件下自然災害特點和規律的研究，提高防災減災能力。

The recent disaster resulting from snow and ice storms caused significant losses to China's economy and made life very difficult for disaster victims.We will continue the work of repairing the damage and minimizing losses from the disaster.Affected infrastructure will be promptly repaired, with the focus on restoring power grids.Agricultural production will be resumed as soon as possible.We will closely coordinate supplies of coal, electricity, petroleum and transportation to help disaster victims get back on their feet.In addition, we will learn from this large-scale natural disaster.We must accelerate development of infrastructure, including electricity, transportation and communications, to improve its capacity to resist disasters and maintain normal operations.We must improve the systems and mechanisms for responding to disasters to increase our ability to prevent and handle emergencies.We must step up research to better understand the features and patterns of natural disasters under modern conditions and improve our ability to prevent and mitigate them.(二）加強農業基礎建設，促進農業發展和農民增收.2.Strengthening agriculture as the foundation of the economy, promoting development of agriculture and increasing farmer incomes.今年，要千方百計爭取農業有個好收成，努力增加農民收入，推進社會主義新農村建設。突出抓好三件事：

We will do everything possible to ensure a good harvest this year and work to increase farmer incomes and build a new socialist countryside.We will concentrate on the following three areas: 一是大力發展糧食生產，保障農產品供給。糧食安全，關系經濟社會發展全局，關系人民群眾切身利益，絲毫不能放松糧食生產。要切實穩定糧食種植面積，提高單產水平。加大對糧食主產區和種糧農民的扶持力度，實施糧食戰略工程，加快建立糧食核心產區，全面提高糧食綜合生產能力和供給保障能力。農業生產既要增加總量，又要優化品種結構，促進各類重要農產品穩定增長。認真落實支持生豬、奶業、油料發展的政策措施。積極發展畜牧水產業，扶持和促進規模化健康養殖。推進農業標準化生產，提高農產品的質量安全水平。

First, we will vigorously develop grain production and ensure the supply of agricultural products.Grain security has an overall bearing on economic and social development and affects the vital interests of the people, so we must always pay close attention to grain production.We must effectively keep the area sown to grain crops stable and increase the yield per unit area.We will increase support for major grain-producing areas and grain farmers, carry out the grain strategy project and speed up efforts to establish core grain-producing areas to enhance the overall grain production capacity and become more able to ensure adequate supplies.While working to increase agricultural output, we also need to improve the structure of grain varieties grown and promote a constant increase in the production of important agricultural products.We will conscientiously implement policies and measures to boost pig production, dairy farming and oilseed production.We will energetically develop animal husbandry and aquaculture and support and promote their large-scale development as well as healthy farming practices.We will promote standardization of agricultural production to improve the quality and safety of agricultural products.二是加強農業基礎設施建設，加快完成大種型和重點小型病險水庫除險加固任務。搞好小型農田水利建設，大力發展節水灌溉。加大土地開發整理復墾力度，搞好中低產田改造，提高耕地質量，建設一批高標準農田。加強農村飲水、道路、電網、通信、文化等基礎設施建設，大力發展農村公共交通，改善農村人居環境。今年要再解決3200萬農村人口的安全飲水問題，增加500萬農村沼氣用戶支持建設一批大中型沼氣項目。

Second, we will intensify development of the agricultural infrastructure.We will speed up efforts to reinforce large and medium-sized reservoirs and dilapidated key small reservoirs.We will improve irrigated areas, build small water conservancy facilities and work hard to develop water-efficient irrigation.We will increase efforts to develop, improve and reclaim land, upgrade low-and medium-yield farmland, improve the productivity of farmland and develop farm plots that meet high standards.We will step up rural infrastructure development in drinking water supplies, roads, power grids, telecommunications and cultural facilities, vigorously develop rural public transportation systems and improve the rural living environment.We will provide safe drinking water for another 32 million rural residents and support the building of a number of large and medium-sized methane facilities to serve an additional five million rural families.三是拓寬農民增收渠道。加快發展高產優質高效生態安全農業，支持農業產業化經營和龍頭企業發展，加強農村現代市場流通體系建設，壯大和提升農村二三產業，發展鄉鎮企業，增強縣域經濟實力。加強農村職業教育和技能培訓，提高農民轉移就業能力，發展勞務經濟。加大扶貧開發力度，繼續減少貧困人口.Third, we will develop more channels to increase rural incomes.We will accelerate the development of high-yield, high-quality, high-efficiency, eco-friendly and safe agriculture and support the development of industrialized agricultural operations and pacesetting enterprises.We will increase efforts to build a modern marketing and retail distribution network for rural areas, strengthen and upgrade rural secondary and tertiary industries, develop township and village enterprises and strengthen county economies.We will step up vocational education and technical training in rural areas to make it easier for rural residents to find nonagricultural employment, and develop the labor economy.We will intensify poverty alleviation efforts through development and continue to reduce the number of poor people.主要措施是：

The major measures we are going to take are as follows: 一要大力增加投入。今年財政支農投入的增量要明顯高于上年，國家固定資產投資用于農村的增強要明顯高于上年，政府土地出讓收入用于農村建設的增量要明顯高于上年。調整耕地占用稅的使用方向，改革城市建設維護稅使用辦法，增加農村建設。今年中央財政安排“三農”支出5625億元，比上年增加1307億元.First, we will greatly increase funding.This year's increases in budgetary support for agriculture, rural areas and farmers, state fixed asset investment in the countryside and the proportion of government land transfer income used for rural development will all be considerably higher than last year's increases.We will adjust the way tax revenues from the use of farmland for nonagricultural purposes are used and reform methods for using urban construction and maintenance tax receipts to increase funding for rural development.Allocations from this year's central government budget related to agriculture, rural areas and farmers total 562.5 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 130.7 billion yuan.二要強化和完善農業支持政策。增加糧食直補，農資綜合直補。擴大良種補貼規模和范圍增加農機具購置補貼種類，提高補貼標準，從今年起農機具購置補貼覆蓋到所有農業縣。根據情況提高糧食最低收購價.Second, we will strengthen agricultural support policies.We will increase direct subsidies for grain producers and general direct subsidies for purchasing agricultural supplies.We will expand both the size and scope of subsidies for using superior seed varieties.We will subsidize the purchase of more kinds of agricultural machinery and tools and raise such subsidies.Starting this year, eligibility for these subsidies will be expanded to all agricultural counties.We will raise the minimum grain purchase prices based on actual conditions.三要堅持最嚴格的耕地保護制度特別是加強基本農田保護。按土地利用總體規劃從嚴審查調查各類規劃的用地規模和標準，嚴格執行土地用途管理制度，依法嚴格管理農村集體和個人建設用地，堅決制止違法違規占用耕地和林地的行為.Third, we will adhere to the strictest possible system for protecting farmland, and in particular we will increase protection of basic farmland.We will carefully examine and adjust the amounts and standards for land use in all types of plans in accordance with the master plan for land use, strictly follow the system for controlling land use, rigorously manage rural land used for collective and private construction projects in accordance with the law, and resolutely put a stop to illegal appropriation of arable land and forested areas.四要完善農業科技推廣和服務體系。加強農業科技創新和成果轉化，強化以公益性為主的多元化農業技術推廣服務。加快推進農業機械化。加強良種、信息、農產品質量安全和防災減災體系建設，搞好動物疫病和植物病蟲害防控。加大測土配方施肥規模.Fourth, we will improve the system for spreading agricultural science and technology and providing agricultural technical services.We will work harder to make innovations in agricultural science and technology and apply advances in agricultural science and technology, and improve the diverse array of mainly nonprofit agricultural technical services.We will accelerate agricultural mechanization.We will improve the systems for superior seed varieties, information, and the quality and safety of agricultural products, and for preventing and mitigating disasters, and do a good job preventing and controlling animal epidemics, plant diseases and insect pests.We will expand trial soil testing to determine appropriate fertilizer formulas.五要全面推進農村改革。加快農村綜合改革步伐。采取多種有效措施，積極穩妥地化解鄉村債務及中央和地方將增加財政投入，用三年左右時間基本化解農村義務教育歷史債務。堅持農村基本經營制度，穩定和完善土地承保關系，按照依法自愿有償原則，健全土地承包經營權流轉市場，有條件的地方可以發展多種形式的適度規模經營。大力發展農民專業合作組織。全面推進集體林權制度改革.Fifth, we will carry out rural reform in all areas.We will accelerate overall rural reform.We will adopt effective measures to actively yet prudently reduce the debts of townships and villages.The central and local governments will increase budgetary funding to basically clear up overdue debts for rural compulsory education in about three years.We will adhere to the basic system for rural operations and stabilize and improve land contract relationships.We will improve the market for the compensated, voluntary transfer of land contract and management rights in accordance with the law and allow diverse forms of farming operations to develop to an appropriate scale where conditions permit.We will work hard to develop specialized farmer cooperatives.We will carry out comprehensive reform of the system of collective forest rights.(三）推進經濟結構調整，轉變發展方式.3.Promoting economic adjustment and changing the pattern of development.堅持擴大內需方針，調整投資和消費關系，促進經濟增長由主要依靠投資、出口拉動向依靠消費、投資、出口協調拉動轉變。關鍵是合理控制固定資產投資規模，著力優化投資結構。堅持嚴把土地、信貸閘門和市場準入標準，特別是要加強和規范新開工心目管理，嚴格執行項目新開工條件。

We will continue to boost domestic demand, adjust the balance of investment and consumption, and promote the shift from the pattern of economic growth that relies mainly on investment and exports to one that relies on a balanced combination of consumption, investment and exports.It is essential to appropriately control the scale of fixed asset investment and improve the investment structure.We will maintain strict control over the availability of land, credit and market access, and pay particular attention to strengthening and standardizing supervision of new projects to ensure they meet all the conditions for launching.堅決控制高耗能、高排放和產能過剩行業盲目投資和重復建設，提高限制發展行業的準入標準和項目資本金比例。違法違規建設項目要堅決停建。加大對經濟社會發展薄弱環節、重點領域和中西部地區的支持力度。從嚴控制新增建設用地特別是工業用地，今年土地利用計劃總規模控制在去年水平。要適應新形勢、新情況，加強和改進對社會各類投資活動的引導、調控和監管.Haphazard investment and unneeded development projects in energy intensive and highly polluting industries and industries with excess production capacity will be resolutely stopped, and market access will be tightened and capital requirements will be increased for industries whose development is discouraged.Work on illegal projects will be resolutely stopped.We will increase support for weak links and key areas in economic and social development and give more support to the central and western regions.We must tighten control over the amount of land used for development projects, especially for industrial purposes, and hold the total amount of land used this year to last year's level.We must respond to new conditions and situations by improving guidance, regulation and oversight for all types of investment activities in the country.堅持把推進自主創新作為轉變發展方式的中心環節。要認真落實國家中長期科學和技術發展規劃綱要，全面啟動和組織實施大型飛機、水體污染控制與治理、大型油氣田及煤層氣開發等國家重大專項。實施基礎研究、高技術研究和科技支撐計劃。著力突破新能源汽車、高速軌道交通、工農業節水等一批重大關鍵技術。

We will promote development of the national innovation system, focusing on building a number of national laboratories, national engineering centers, and platforms to support enterprise innovation and enterprise technology centers to strengthen China's science and technology infrastructure.We will deepen reform of the management system for science and technology and coordinate and improve resource distribution.The central government will spend 113.4 billion yuan on science and technology in 2008, a year-on-year increase of 13.4 billion yuan.We will improve and implement the policy to support independent innovation, get enterprises to fully play their role as the main parties responsible for technological innovation, and encourage and guide them to increase investment in R&D.We will integrate the efforts of enterprises, universities and research institutes and develop innovative enterprises.Government procurement of products produced through independent innovation will be increased.Trials in the use of venture capital will be expanded.We will implement the intellectual property rights strategy.We will expand scientific and technological cooperation with other countries

推進國家創新體系建設，重點建設一批國家實驗室、國家工程中心、面向企業的創新支撐平臺和企業技術中心，加強科技基礎能力建設。深化科技管理體制改革，統籌和優化科技資源配置。今年中央財政將安排科技支出1134億元，比上年增加134億元。完善和落實支持自主創新的政策，充分發揮企業作為技術創新主體的作用，鼓勵、引導企業增加研發投入。加大政府采購對自主創新產品的支持力度。擴大創業風險和投資試點范圍。實施知識產權戰略，加強國際科技合作.We will continue to promote independent innovation as the central link in efforts to change the pattern of development.We need to diligently implement the Outline of the National Program for Long-and Medium-Term Scientific and Technological Development and fully launch and implement key national projects, including those to develop large aircraft, control pollution in bodies of water, and develop large-scale oil and gas fields and coal seam gas operations.We will carry out plans for basic research, high-tech research, and research to provide scientific and technological support for development.We will work to make major breakthroughs in key technologies for producing vehicles powered by new energy sources, developing high-speed railway transport and saving water in industries..推進產業結構優化升級。堅持走中國特色新型工業化道路，推進信息化與工業化融合。著力發展高新技術產業，大力振興裝備制造業，改造和提升傳統產業，加快發展服務業特別是現代服務業。繼續實施新型顯示器、寬帶通信與網絡、生物醫藥等一批重大高技術產業專項。

We will promote improvement and upgrading of the industrial structure.We will keep to the new path of industrialization with Chinese characteristics and promote integration of IT application with industrialization.We will work to develop new-and high-technology industries, reinvigorate the equipment manufacturing industry, upgrade traditional industries and accelerate the development of service industries, particularly modern services.We will continue the major projects to apply high technologies in the production of new-type displays, broadband communications and network equipment, and biomedicine.充分發揮國家高新技術開發區的集聚、引領和輻射作用。圍繞大型清潔高效發電設備、高檔數控機床和基礎制造裝備等關鍵領域，推進重大裝備、關鍵零部件及元器件自主研發和國產化。加強地質工作，提高資源勘查開發水平。積極發展現代能源原材料產業和綜合運輸體系.We will get national new and high technology development zones to fully play their role in pooling resources, guiding development and boosting development in surrounding areas.We will promote domestic R&D and production of important equipment and key spare parts and components, with the focus on key areas such as large clean and highly efficient power generating units, high-grade digital machine tools and basic manufacturing equipment.We will give higher priority to geological work to improve prospecting for and exploitation of natural resources.We will strongly develop the modern energy and raw materials industries and better integrate the transportation system.促進區域協調發展。深入推進西部大開發，建工建設一批重點工程，支持重點地區優化開發。繼續搞好天然林保護、防沙治沙、石漠化治理落實退耕還林后續政策。組織實施東北地區振興規劃，支持先進裝備制造業發展和資源枯竭型地區經濟轉型。編制和實施促進中西部崛起計劃，落實并完善相關政策。鼓勵東部地步率先發展，著力提升國際競爭力。進一步加大對革命老區、民族地區、邊疆地區、貧困地區發展的扶持力度。制定并實施主體功能區規劃和政策.We will promote balanced development among regions.We will extensively promote the large-scale development of the western region, and launch a number of key projects and support the development of key areas on a priority basis.We will continue to protect natural forests, prevent and control desertification, and reverse and prevent the development of stony deserts, and will implement a follow-up policy to consolidate progress made in converting retired farmland to forests.We will implement the plan to reinvigorate northeast China, and support the development of advanced equipment manufacturing and modern agriculture and the economic transformation of areas depending on resources that are now exhausted.We will formulate and implement a plan to boost development of the central region and implement and improve relevant policies.We will encourage the eastern region to lead the country in development and improve its international competitiveness.We will give more support to old revolutionary areas, ethnic minority areas, border areas and poor areas to help them develop.We will adopt and implement a plan and policy for development priority zones.(四）加大節能減排和環境保護力度，做好產品質量安全工作.4.Increasing efforts to conserve energy, reduce emissions and protect the environment, and ensuring product quality and safety.今年是完成“十一五”節能減排約束性目標的關鍵一年，務必增強緊迫感，加大攻堅力度，力求取得更大成效。

This year is crucial for meeting the obligatory targets for energy conservation and emissions reduction set forth in the Eleventh Five-Year Plan, and we must increase our sense of urgency and intensify efforts to make greater progress.一是落實電力、鋼鐵、水泥、煤炭、造紙等行業淘汰落后生產能力計劃。建立淘汰落后產能退出機制，完善和落實關閉企業的配套政策措施。同時，按照規劃加強這些行業先進生產能力的建設.First, we will implement the plan to close down backward production facilities in the electricity, steel, cement, coal and papermaking industries.We will also put in place a mechanism for closing down these facilities and improve and implement support policies and measures for shutting down enterprises.In addition, we will step up efforts to develop advanced production facilities in these industries in accordance with the plan.二是抓好重點企業節能和重點工程建設。加快十大重點節能工程實施進度。提高城鎮污水處理能力，力爭用兩年的時間在36個大城市率先實現污水的全部收集和處理。適當提高排污費、污水處理費和垃圾處理費標準。完善和嚴格執行建筑標準，大力推進墻體材料革新和建筑節能。穩步推進城鎮供熱體制和市政公用事業改革.Second, we will focus on energy conservation in key enterprises and construction of key projects.We need to accelerate work on the ten major energy conservation projects.We will increase the urban sewage treatment capacity and strive to reach the goal of 100% collection and treatment of sewage in 36 large cities within two years.Charges for discharging wastewater and for sewage treatment and garbage disposal will be appropriately raised.Building standards will be upgraded and strictly enforced to encourage the development of better wall materials and construction of energy-efficient buildings.We will make steady progress in reforming the urban heating system and public utilities.三是開放和推廣節約、替代、循環利用資源和治理污染的先進技術，實施節能減排重大技術和示范工程。大力發展節能服務產業和環保業。開發風能、太陽能等清潔、可再生能源.Third, we will develop and apply advanced and appropriate technologies to save, replace and reuse resources and control pollution, and carry out projects to develop and demonstrate major energy conservation and emissions reduction technologies.We will energetically develop the energy conservation service industry and the environmental protection industry.We will develop clean and renewable energy sources such as wind power and solar energy.四是做好“三河三湖”、南水北調稅源及沿線、三峽庫區和松花江等重點流域污染防治工作，實施渤海環境保護總體規劃。提高重點流域水污染無的國家排放標準.Fourth, we will prevent and control pollution in key river valleys and regions, including the Huai, Hai, Liao and Songhua rivers, Tai, Chao and Dianchi lakes, the sources and routes of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, and the Three Gorges Reservoir area.We will implement the master plan for protecting the environment of the Bohai Sea.National standards will have stricter limits for discharge of pollutants in key river valleys.五是加強農村飲用水水源地保護，推進農村生活污染治理，嚴格控制農村地區工業污染，加強畜禽、水產養殖污染治理，控制農業面源污染.Fifth, we will intensify protection of rural drinking water sources, and work to control sewage and garbage pollution and industrial pollution in rural areas.We will also strengthen control of pollution from livestock and poultry farming and aquaculture as well as agricultural nonpoint source pollution.六是鼓勵和支持發展循環經濟，促進再生資源回收利用。全面推行清潔生產.Sixth, we will encourage and support the development of a circular economy and promote recycling and reuse of renewable resources.We will also promote cleaner production in all industries.七是加強土地、水、草原、森林、礦產等資源的保護和節約集約利用，嚴厲查處亂采濫挖礦產資源等違法違規行為。搞好海洋資源保護和合理利用，發展海洋經濟。加強氣象、地震、測繪基礎研究和能力建設.Seventh, we will strengthen efforts to protect, conserve and intensively use natural resources, including land, water, grasslands, forests and minerals, and take stern measures to combat illegal mining of mineral resources.We will effectively protect marine resources, use them wisely, and develop the marine economy.We will intensify China's basic research efforts in meteorology, earthquake science, and surveying and mapping to strengthen these areas.八是實施應對氣候變化國家方案，加強應對氣候變化能力建設.Eighth, we will implement the national plan to respond to climate change to strengthen China's ability to respond to climate change.九是完善能源資源節約和環境保護獎懲機制。執行節能減排統計監測制度，健全審計、監察體系、加強執法力度，強化節能減排工作責任制.Ninth, we will improve the mechanism for rewarding those who conserve energy and resources and protect the environment and punishing those who waste energy and resources and harm the environment.We will also employ statistical and monitoring systems for conserving energy and reducing emissions, and improve the auditing and supervision systems, increase law enforcement efforts, and tighten the accountability system for energy conservation and emissions reduction.十是增強全社會生態文明觀念，動員全體人民更加積極投身于資源節約型、環境友好型、社會建設。節約資源和環境保護要一代一代人持之以恒地進行下去，讓我們的祖國山更綠，水更清，天更藍.Tenth, we will enhance public awareness of the importance of a culture of conservation and encourage the entire nation to participate in building a resource-conserving and environmentally friendly society.Resource conservation and environmental protection must continue from generation to generation to make our mountains greener, waters cleaner and skies bluer.加強產品質量安全工作。

We will intensify efforts to ensure product quality and safety.一是加快產品質量安全標準制定和修訂。今年要完成7700多項食品、藥品和其他消費品安全國家標準的制定修改工作，健全食品、藥品和其他消費品安全標準體系；食品、消費品安全性能要求及其檢測方法標準，都要采用國際標準。出口產品除符合國家標準外，還要符合進口國標準和技術法規的要求。

First, we will accelerate efforts to formulate or update national standards for product quality and safety.This year, we will complete the formulation or updating of more than 7,700 national standards for the safety of food products, drugs and other consumer goods to put in place a sound system of standards for product safety.All requirements and testing methods for the safety and quality of food and other consumer goods will comply with international standards.China's exports will meet both international standards and the laws and regulations on technical standards of the importing countries.二是完善產品質量安全法制保障。加快制定修訂涉及產品質量安全的法規，完善行政執法與刑事司法緊密銜接的機制，加強對違法違規企業的懲處力度。

Second, we will improve legal guarantees for product quality and safety.We need to promptly enact or revise laws and regulations pertaining to product quality and safety, and improve the mechanism for effectively coordinating administrative law enforcement and criminal justice to increase punishment for enterprises that violate such laws and regulations.三是健全產品質量安全監管體系。嚴格執行生產許可、強制認證、注冊備案制度，嚴把市場準入關。提高涉及人身健康和安全產品的生產許可條件和市場準入門檻。加強食品、藥品等重點監管工作，嚴把進出口商量質量關。認真落實產品質量安全責任制。我們一定要讓人民群眾吃得放心、用得安心，讓出口產品享有良好信譽.Third, we will improve the oversight and control systems for product quality and safety.We will follow to the letter the regulations for issuing production permits and mandatory certificates and for registration and record keeping to strictly control market access.We will raise the requirements for production permits and tighten market access for products related to people's health and safety.We need to strengthen quality and safety oversight for essential products such as food and drugs, and strictly control the quality of exports and imports.We will diligently follow the accountability system for product quality and safety.It is imperative that the people feel confident about the safety of food and other consumer goods and that our exports have a good reputation.(五）深化經濟體制改革，提高對外開放水平.5.Deepening economic reform and opening wider to the outside world.今年是改革開放30周年，改革開放使中國發生了歷史性的巨大變化。我們仍處于并將長期處于社會主義初級階段，進一步解放和發展生產力，進一步促進社會公平正義，實現全面建設小康社會和國家現代化的宏偉目標，必須繼續堅定不移地推進改革開放。今年著重抓好以下幾個方面: It has been 30 years since China introduced the reform and opening up policy, which has brought about great historic changes to the country.However, China is still in the primary stage of socialism and will remain so for a long time to come.To further promote unfettered development of the productive forces, promote greater social fairness and justice, and attain the magnificent goals of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and modernizing China, we must continue to unswervingly implement the reform and opening up policy.We will concentrate on the following areas this year.推進國有企業改革，完善所有制結構。繼續推動國有資本調整和國有企業重組。深化國有企業公司制股份制改革。完善公司法人治理結構。做好政策性關閉破產和主輔分離、輔業改制工作。擴大國有資本經營預算制度試點。深化壟斷行業改革，引入競爭機制，加強政府監管和社會監督。

We need to strictly standardize procedures for transforming SOEs into stock companies and for transferring ownership of state-owned assets to prevent their erosion.We will protect the legitimate rights and interests of workers.We will advance the reform of collectively owned enterprises and develop diverse forms of collective and cooperative economic operations.We will conscientiously implement the policies for encouraging, supporting and guiding the development of individual-proprietorship businesses and private companies in the nonpublic sector of the economy.In particular, we will help them solve problems related to market access and financial support.嚴格規范國有企業改制和國有產權轉讓，防止國有資產流失，保障職工合法權益。推進集體企業改革，發展多種形式的集體經濟、合作經濟。認真落實鼓勵、支持和引導個體私營等非公有制經濟發展的各項政策，尤其要解決市場準入和融資支持等方面的問題.We will advance the reform of SOEs and improve their ownership structure.We will continue to adjust state-owned assets and reorganize SOEs.We need to deepen the reform to convert SOEs into stockholding corporations.We will improve corporate governance, carry out policy-mandated closures and bankruptcies, separate SOEs' secondary businesses from their core businesses, and convert the former into independent companies.We will expand the experiment of setting up a budget system for managing state capital.We will deepen the reform of monopoly industries by introducing competition and strengthening government regulation and public oversight of them.深化財稅體制改革，加快公共財政體系建設。改革預算制度，強化預算管理和監督。完善財政轉移支付制度，提高一般性轉移支付規模和比例。積極推進省以下財政體制改革。全面實施新的企業所得稅法。改革資源稅費制度，完善資源的有償使用制度和生態環境的補償機制。繼續推進增值稅轉型改革試點，研究制定在全國范圍內實施方案.We will deepen reform of the fiscal and taxation systems and accelerate improvement in the public finance system.We will reform the budget system and tighten budgetary management and oversight.We need to improve and standardize the system of transfer payments, raise the volume and proportion of general transfer payments and increase spending on public services.We will energetically push ahead with the reform of fiscal systems at and below the provincial level.The new Law on Corporate Income Tax will be comprehensively enforced.We will reform the system of resource taxes and fees, and improve the compensation systems for use of resources and for damage caused to the ecosystem.We will carry forward the trial VAT reform and formulate a plan to carry out the reform nationwide.加快金融體制改革，加強金融監管。繼續深化銀行業改革，重點推進中國農業銀行股份制改革和國家開發銀行改革。建立存款保險制度。加快農村金融改革，強化中國農業銀行、中國農業發展銀行和中國郵政儲蓄銀行為“三農”服務的功能，繼續深化農村信用社改革，積極推進新型的農村金融機構發展。

We will speed up reform of the financial system and strengthen financial oversight.We will continue deepening reform of the banking industry, focusing on the introduction of a shareholding system in the Agriculture Bank of China and the reform of the China Development Bank.A deposit insurance system will be set up.We will accelerate rural financial reform and strengthen the role of the Agriculture Bank of China, the Agricultural Development Bank of China and the China Postal Savings Bank in serving agriculture, rural areas and farmers.We will continue to deepen the reform of rural credit cooperatives and actively promote the development of new types of financial institutions in rural areas.優化資本市場結構，促進股票市場穩定健康發展，著力提高上市公司質量，維護公開公平公正的市場秩序，建立創業板市場，加快發展債券市場，穩步發展期貨市場深化保險業改革，積極擴大農業保險的范圍，做好政策性農業保險試點工作。依法嚴厲查處各種金融違法違規行為。切實防范和化解金融風險，維護金融穩定和安全.We will improve the structure of the capital market, promote steady and sound development of the stock markets, strive to improve the performance of listed companies, and maintain an open, fair and equitable market environment.We will establish a market for growth enterprises, accelerate development of the bond market and steadily develop the futures market.We will deepen reform of the insurance industry, vigorously extend the scope of agricultural insurance, and successfully carry out trials of policy-supported agricultural insurance.We will take stern measures to combat violations of financial laws and regulations and guard against and defuse financial risks to maintain financial stability and security.拓展對外開放廣度和深度，提高開放型經濟水平。在保持出口平穩增長的同時，加快轉變外貿發展方式，優化出口結構，鼓勵自主知識產權和自主品牌的產品出口，提高出口產品質量、檔次和附加值。擴大服務出口，發展服務外包。積極擴大進口，重點增加先進技術裝備、重要原材料和關鍵零部件及元器件的進口。

We will expand the breadth and depth of China's openness and make its economy more open.We will accelerate change in the pattern of foreign trade growth, improve the mix of exports, encourage the export of products with Chinese intellectual property rights and trademarks, and raise the quality, grade and added value of exports while maintaining steady export growth.We need to increase export of services and encourage foreign businesses to outsource services to China.We will energetically increase imports, with the focus on advanced technology and equipment, important raw materials, and key spare parts and components.優化利用外資產業結構和地區布局，穩步推進服務業的對外開放。限制和禁止高耗能、高排放和部分資源性外資項目，切實糾正招商引資中違法違規的做法。創新對外投資和合作的方式，完善和落實支持企業“走出去”的政策措施。加強多雙邊和區域經濟合作。繼續推進自由貿易區的，認真實施已簽署的協定。維護公平的國際貿易秩序.We will improve the mix of industries using foreign investment and their geographic distribution, and steadily make service industries more open.We will limit or ban foreign investment in projects that are energy intensive or highly polluting, limit or ban foreign investment in some areas of resource exploitation, and correct illegal practices for attracting foreign investment.We will make innovations in the way we make investments and engage in cooperation overseas, and improve and implement policies and measures to support Chinese enterprises wishing to “go global.” We will strengthen bilateral, multilateral and regional economic cooperation.We will continue to promote talks on free trade zones and honor the treaties we have signed.We are committed to an equitable international trade order.在推進改革開放中，要加快現代市場的體系建設，大力發展現代流通，深入整頓和規范市場秩序，推進社會信用制度建設。

In carrying out reform and opening up, we will accelerate the development of a modern market system, energetically develop modern logistics, intensify efforts to ensure orderly markets and promote the development of a credit system for individuals.（六）更加注重社會建設，著力保障和改善民生.6.Paying closer attention to social development to ensure the wellbeing of the people and improve their lives.堅持優先發展教育。

We will continue to give priority to developing education.一是在全國城鄉普遍實行免費義務教育。繼續增加農村義務教育公用經費，提高保障水平。適當提高農村家庭經濟困難寄宿生生活補助費的補助標準。認真落實保障經濟困難家庭、進城務工人員子女平等接受義務教育的措施。在試點的基礎上，從今年秋季起全面免除城市義務教育學雜費，這是推動義務教育均衡發展、促進教育公平的又一重大舉措。

First, we will make free compulsory education universally available in both urban and rural areas.We will continue increasing regular expenditures for rural compulsory education and raise the level of budgetary allocations.We will appropriately increase living allowances for poor rural students residing on campus.We will take steps to ensure that children from poor families and children of rural migrant workers in cities enjoy the same access to compulsory education as others.After running trials in selected areas, we will completely stop collecting tuition and miscellaneous fees from all urban students receiving compulsory education starting this fall.This is another major measure for promoting balanced development of compulsory education and equal access to education.二是大力發展職業教育。加強職業教育基礎能力建設，深化職業教育管理、辦學、投入等體制改革，培養高素質技能型人才。

Second, we must vigorously develop vocational education.We will strengthen the basic conditions for vocational education and deepen reform of the systems for administering, running and investing in vocational education programs in order to turn out high-quality skilled personnel.三是提高高等教育質量。優化學科專業結構，推進高水平大學和重點學科建設。普通高校招生增量繼續向中西部地區傾斜.Third, we must raise the quality of higher education.We will improve the structure of academic disciplines and develop high-quality universities and key disciplines.Regular institutions of higher learning will continue to favor students in the central and western regions in expanding their enrollments.辦好各級各類教育，必須抓好三項工作：

To successfully provide education of various kinds and at different levels, we must focus on the following three tasks.一要全面實施素質教育，推進教育改革創新。深化教學內容和方式、考試和招生制度、質量評價制度等改革。切實減輕中小學生的課業負擔。

One, we must ensure that all students receive a well-rounded education, and promote educational reforms and innovations.We will deepen the reform of curricula, methods of instruction, the systems of examination and enrollment, and the system for evaluating educational quality, and lighten the study load of primary and secondary school students.二要加強教師隊伍特別是農村教師隊伍建設，完善和落實教師工資、津補貼制度。

Two, we must improve the quality of teachers, especially in rural areas, and improve and implement the system of wages, allowances and subsidies for teachers.三要加大教育事業投入。今年中央財政用于教育的投入，將由去年的1076億元增加到1562億元；地方財政也都要增加投入。進一步規范教育收費。鼓勵和規范民辦教育發展。沒有全民教育的普及和提高，便沒有國家現代化的未來。要讓孩子們上好學，辦好人民滿意的教育，提高全民族的素質.Three, we must increase investment in education.This year, central government allocation for education will increase from last year's total of 107.6 billion yuan to 156.2 billion yuan, and local governments will also increase their spending.We will further standardize the collection of education-related fees.We will standardize nonpublic education programs and encourage their development.China cannot modernize if education is not made universally available and if its quality is not improved.We must ensure that our children receive a good education, provide education that satisfies the needs of the people and improve the overall quality of the population.推進衛生事業改革和發展。重點抓好四件事：

We will promote the reform and development of health care.Efforts will be focused on four areas: 一是加快推進覆蓋城鄉居民的醫療保障制度建設。擴大城鎮職工基本醫療保險覆蓋面；城鎮居民基本醫療保險試點要擴大到全國50%以上的城市；在全國農村全面推行新型農村合作醫療制度，用兩年時間將籌資標準由每人每年50元提高到100元，其中中央和地方財政對參合農民補助標準由40元提高到80元。健全城鄉醫療救助制度。

First, we will accelerate the establishment of a system to ensure access to medical care for both urban and rural residents.We will expand the number of urban workers covered by basic medical insurance, and extend the trial of basic medical insurance for urban residents to over 50% of China's cities.We will fully implement the new type of rural cooperative medical care system in all rural areas.Within two years, we will raise the standard for financing from 50 yuan to 100 yuan per person per year, with central and local government contributions to be raised from 40 yuan to 80 yuan per person.We will improve the urban and rural assistance program for medical care.二是完善公共衛生服務體系。抓好重大疾病防治，落實擴大國家傳染病免疫規劃范圍的政策措施，加大對艾滋病、結核病、血吸蟲病等疾病患者的免費治療力度。加強地方病、職業病、精神病防治。做好婦幼保健工作。在中西部地區農村實行住院分娩補助政策。健全公共衛生服務經費保障機制。

Second, we will improve the public health service system.We will prevent and treat major diseases, implement policies and measures to increase the number of diseases covered in the state plan for immunization against communicable diseases, and provide free treatment for more people suffering from diseases such as AIDS, tuberculosis and schistosomiasis.We need to work harder to prevent and treat endemic, occupational and mental diseases.We must do a good job in work related to the health of women and children.We will implement a policy of granting allowances to rural women in the central and western regions giving birth in hospitals.We will improve the mechanism for ensuring adequate funding for public health services.三是推進城鄉醫療服務體系建設。重點健全農村三級衛生服務網絡和城市社區醫療衛生服務體系。加大全科醫護人員和鄉村醫生培養的力度，鼓勵高素質人才到基層服務。開展公立醫院改革試點。制定和實施扶持中醫藥和民族醫藥事業發展的措施。

Third, we will continue development of the medical service systems for urban and rural areas.We will focus on improving the county, township, village three-tier rural health service network and the urban community-based medical and health service system.We will train more general practitioners, nurses and rural doctors and encourage high-caliber health workers to work in village and community clinics.Trial reform of public hospitals will be carried out.Measures will be formulated and implemented to support the development of traditional Chinese medicine and the folk medicines of ethnic minorities.四是建立國家基本藥物制度和藥品供應保障體系，保證群眾基本用藥和用藥安全，農村藥品價格上漲。今年中央財政將安排823億元，比上年增加165億元，支持衛生事業改革和發展，重點向農村和基層傾斜.Fourth, we will set up a national system for basic drugs and a system for ensuring drug supply to ensure the quality and adequate supply of basic drugs and hold down prices.This year the central government will allocate 83.2 billion yuan to support the reform and development of health care, an increase of 16.7 billion yuan over last year, with the focus of spending on facilities at the urban community and village level.去年以來，國務院組織力量研究深化醫藥衛生體制改革問題，已經制定一個初步方案，將向社會公開征求意見。改革的基本目標是：堅持公共醫療衛生的公益性質，建立基本醫療衛生制度，為群眾提供安全、有效、方便、價廉的基本醫療衛生服務。我們要堅定地推進這項改革，讓人人享有基本醫療衛生服務.Last year the State Council commissioned a study of the issue of how to deepen reform of the system of pharmaceuticals and health care.A preliminary plan has been produced and will soon be publicized to solicit opinions from the general public.The basic goal of the reform is to maintain the public service nature of public medical and health care services and set up a basic medical and health care system to provide people with basic medical and health care services that are safe, effective, convenient and affordable.We must resolutely carry out this reform to provide everyone with access to basic medical and health services and improve their health.加強人口和計劃生育工作。穩定現行生育政策和低生育水平，提高出生人口素質，綜合治理出生人口性別比偏高問題。全面實施計劃生育家庭特別扶助制度，擴大實施農村計劃生育家庭獎勵制度和少生快富工程范圍，提高獎勵扶助標準。加強流動人口計劃生育服務管理.We will improve work related to population and family planning.We will adhere to the current policy of family planning, keep the birthrate low, improve the health of newborns and adopt a full range of measures to address the gender imbalance in babies.We will fully implement the special assistance system for families that comply with family planning regulations, extend the coverage of the reward system for rural families that comply with the regulations, implement the “lower birthrate equals faster prosperity” project in more areas, and raise the level of rewards and assistance.We will improve services for the floating population and tighten supervision of them to ensure that they comply with the family planning policy.重視發展老齡事業，切實保障婦女和未成年人權益，關心和支持殘疾人事業.We will attach great importance to programs for the elderly, effectively protect the rights and interests of women and minors, and show concern for people with physical and mental disabilities and support programs benefiting them.努力擴大就業。認真貫徹執行就業促進法和勞動合同法。堅持實施積極的就業政策，落實以創業帶動就業的方針，加強就業和創業培訓，鼓勵自謀職業和自主創業，支持創辦小型企業。加快建設城鄉統一規范的人力資源市場，完善公共就業服務體系，促進形成城鄉勞動者平等就業制度。

We will strive to expand employment.We will strictly enforce the Employment Promotion Law and the Labor Contract Law.We will continue to follow a vigorous employment policy, adhere to the principle of expanding employment by encouraging business startups, strengthen job training and training in how to start a business, encourage people to find jobs on their own or start their own businesses, and support the establishment of small enterprises.We will speed up development of a human resources market with uniform standards for both urban and rural areas, improve the public employment service system, and promote the creation of an employment system that treats urban and rural workers equally.加強高校畢業生就業指導和服務。深化退役軍人安置制度改革。完善就業援助制度，落實促進殘疾人就業政策，建立幫助零就業家庭解決就業困難的長效機制。督促各類企業同勞動者依法簽訂并履行勞動合同。加強勞動爭議處理和勞動保障監察，嚴厲打擊各種非法用工行為。在世界上人口最多的國家解決就業問題，是一項極為艱巨的任務。我們要用百倍的努力，把這項關系民生之本的大事做好.We will strengthen job placement guidance and services for college graduates.We will deepen reform of the job-placement system for people leaving military service.We will improve the aid system for job seekers, carry out policies to find more jobs for people with physical and mental disabilities, and create a permanent mechanism to help zero-employment families find jobs.We will urge all types of enterprises to sign labor contracts with their employees in accordance with the law and abide by them.We will improve the handling of labor disputes and oversight for worker protection measures and severely punish illegal employment practices.Providing adequate employment opportunities in China, which has the largest population in the world, is a daunting challenge.We must redouble our efforts to increase employment, a matter that is crucial to people's well being.增加城鄉居民收入。關鍵要調整國民收入分配格局，深化收入分配制度改革，逐步提高居民收入在國民收入分配中的比重，提高勞動報酬在初次分配中的比重。

We will increase urban and rural incomes.The key is to adjust the distribution of the national income, deepen reform of the income distribution system, gradually raise the proportion of the national income received by individuals and raise labor's of the primary distribution of income.一是多渠道增加農民收入，確保農民工工資按時足額發放，適當提高扶貧的標準。

First, we will increase rural incomes through a variety of channels, ensure that rural migrant workers in cities get paid in full and on time, and appropriately increase allowances for the poor population.二是提高企業職工工資的水平，建立企業職工工資正常增長和支付保障機制。推動企業建立工資集體協商制度，完善工資指導線制度，健全并落實最低工資制度。改革國有企業工資總額管理辦法，加強對壟斷行業企業工資監管。

Second, we will raise the wage scale for enterprise employees and create a mechanism to ensure they get regular wage increases and ensure that they are paid regularly.We will urge enterprises to establish a system for collective bargaining for wages, improve the system of wage guidelines, and improve and comply with the minimum wage system.We will reform the method of supervising SOE payroll and strengthen oversight of wages paid by enterprises in monopoly industries.三是從今年1月1日起，再連續三年進一步提高企業退休人員基本養老金水平。

Third, we will raise the level of basic old-age benefits for retirees from enterprises every year for three years beginning Jan.1 this year.四是深化公務員工資制度改革，繼續做好規范公務員津貼補貼工作。加快推進事業單位收入分配制度改革。

Fourth, we will deepen reform of the salary system for civil servants and continue efforts to standardize their subsidies and allowances.We will accelerate reform of the income distribution system in government-affiliated institutions.五是落實職工帶薪年休假制度。同時要進一步完善消費政策，拓寬服務消費領域，穩定居民消費預期，擴大即期消費。只有把經濟發展的成果合理分配到群眾手中，才能得到廣大群眾的擁護，才能促進社會的和諧穩定.Fifth, we will institute a system of annual paid vacations for employees.In addition, we will further improve consumption policies, broaden the range of services available in the market, stabilize consumer expectations and increase immediate consumption.Only by appropriately spreading the fruits of economic development among the people can we win their support and maintain social harmony and stability.完善社會保障體系。堅持實行廣覆蓋、保基本、多層次、可持續的方針。

We will improve the social safety net.We will follow a policy of expanding the number of people covered, guaranteeing people's basic needs and pursuing multi-level and sustainable development of the system.一要做好社會保險面和基金征繳工作。重點擴大農民工、非公有制經濟組織從業人員、城鎮靈活就業人員參加社會保險。努力解決關閉破產企業退休人員和困難企業職工參加基本醫療保險問題

First, we will expand the number of people covered by the social security system and improve collection of contributions to insurance funds.The focus of efforts will be on extending coverage to more rural migrant workers in cities, employees in the nonpublic sector of the economy and urban residents without fixed employment.Efforts will be made to provide basic medical insurance for retirees from closed or bankrupt enterprises and employees of enterprises with financial difficulties.二要推進社會保險制度改革。完善社會統籌與個人帳戶相結合的企業職工基本養老保險制度，擴大做實養老保險個人帳戶試點，加快省級統籌步伐，制定全國統一的社會保險關系專續辦法。規范發展企業年金制度。探索事業單位基本養老保險制度改革。抓緊制定適合農民工特點的養老保險辦法。鼓勵各地開展農村養老保險試點。加快完善失業、工傷、生育保險制度。

Second, we will push ahead with the reform of the social security system.We will improve the system of basic old-age insurance for enterprise employees, combining contributions from various sources in society with personal employee retirement accounts, and expand the trial of fully funding personal accounts for old-age insurance.In addition, we will accelerate the implementation of overall planning for old-age pensions at the provincial level and work out nationwide rules for transferring social security accounts from one region to another.We will standardize and expand enterprise retirement systems that pay annuities.We will explore ways to reform basic old-age insurance in government-affiliated institutions.We will soon work out an old-age insurance system suitable for rural migrant workers in cities, and encourage local governments to carry out experiments with a rural old-age insurance system.We will accelerate improvement in unemployment insurance, workers' compensation and maternity insurance.三要采取多種方式充實社會保障基金，強化資金監管，確保基金安全，實現保值增值。

Third, we will finance social security funds in various ways, strengthen their oversight, ensure their security and maintain and increase their value.四要健全社會救助體系。重點完善城鄉居民最低生活保障制度，建立與經濟增長和物價水平相適應的救助標準調整機制。健全臨時救助制度。同時，積極發展社會福利事業。鼓勵和支持慈善事業發展。做好優撫安置工作。加強防災減災救災工作。為加快社會保障體系建設，今年中央財政將安排2762億元，比上年增加458億元。建立和完善覆蓋城鄉的社會保障體系，讓人民生活無后顧之憂，直接關系經濟社會發展，是全面建設小康社會的一項重大任務.Fourth, we will improve the social assistance system.We will focus on improving the systems of basic cost of living allowances for both urban and rural residents and setting up a mechanism for adjusting the level of assistance in line with economic growth and price changes.We will improve the temporary assistance system, vigorously develop social welfare programs and encourage and support the development of charity programs.We will do a good job providing assistance to entitled groups and helping demobilized military personnel return to civilian life.We will improve the work of disaster prevention, reduction and relief.A total of 276.2 billion yuan will be appropriated this year in the central government budget to accelerate development of the social security system, 45.8 billion yuan more than last year.Establishing a sound social safety net for both urban and rural residents to ward off uncertainties for them has a direct impact on economic and social development and is a major task in the effort to build a moderately prosperous society in all respects.抓緊建立住房保障體系。總的指導原則是：

We will promptly establish a system for ensuring housing for people.The general guiding principles for this work are as follows.（1）堅持從我國人多地少的基本國情出發，建立科學、合理的住房建設和消費模式。大力發展省地節能環保型住宅，增加中小套型住房供給，引導居民適度消費。

1)Taking into consideration the fact that China has a large population and relatively little land available for building housing, we need to foster a scientific and rational model for housing development and home ownership.We will vigorously work to build environmentally friendly buildings that conserve energy and land, increase the supply of small and medium-sized condominiums, and guide people to obtain housing they can afford.（2）堅持正確發揮政府和市場的作用，政府主要制定住房規劃和政策，搞好土地合理供應、集約利用和管理，重點發展面向中低收入家庭的住房。高收入家庭的住房需求主要通過市場調節解決。

2)We must ensure that the government and the market both play their due roles.The government's role is mainly to formulate plans and policies for housing and ensure that there is an appropriate supply of land, ensure that land is used intensively and oversee land use.Priority will be given to development of housing for low-and middle-income families.Demand for housing among high-income families will be met largely through the market.（3）堅持加強對房地產市場的調控和監管，規范和維護市場秩序，促進房地產業持續穩定健康發展。

3)We need to strengthen regulation and oversight of the real estate market, standardize and maintain order in the market and promote sustained, steady and healthy development of the real estate industry.今年要采取四項措施： The following four measures will be adopted this year: 一要健全廉租住房制度，加快廉租住房建設，增加房源供給，加強經濟適用住房建設和管理，積極解決城市低收入群眾住房困難。

First, we will improve the system of low-rent housing, accelerate construction of low-rent housing, expand the supply of housing, and step up construction and tighten management of affordable housing to ease the housing difficulties of low-income urban residents.今年中央用于廉租住房制度建設的資金68億元，比去年增加17億元；地方各級政府都要增加這方面的投入。同時，要積極改善農民工居住條件。

A total of 6.8 billion yuan will be allocated from the central government budget for the low-rent housing program this year, 1.7 billion yuan more than last year, and local governments will also increase funding in this area.In addition, we will work energetically to improve the living conditions of rural migrant workers in cities.二要增加中低價位、中小套型普通商品住房供應，建立多渠道投融資機制，通過多種途徑幫助中等收入家庭解決住房問題。合理調整城市土地供給結構，增加中小套型住房用地。

Second, we will increase the supply of low-and medium-price, small and medium-sized condominiums, establish a mechanism for making investments and raising funds in various ways, and help middle-income families meet their housing needs through a variety of channels.We will improve the supply structure of urban land to provide more land for building small and medium-sized condominiums.三要綜合運用稅收、信貸、土地等手段，完善住房公積金制度，增加住房有效供給，抑制不合理需求，防止房價過快上漲。

Third, we will use a combination of tax, credit and land supply measures and improve the housing accumulation fund system to increase supply of reasonably priced housing, curb demand for high-end housing and prevent overheating in housing prices.四要加強市場監管，嚴格房地產企業市場準入和退出條件。依法查處閑置囤積土地、房源和炒地炒房行為。同時，要加強農村住房建設規劃和管理，切實解決農村困難群眾住房安全問題。我們要堅定不移地推進住房改革和建設，讓人民群眾安居樂業.Fourth, we will strengthen market oversight and strictly enforce the requirements for market access and the conditions for going out of business for real estate firms.We will investigate attempts to control the land and housing market through hoarding and speculation in land and housing and deal with violations in accordance with the law.In addition, we will improve planning and management of rural housing development and the safety of housing for the rural poor.We must unswervingly promote reform of the housing system and construction of housing for the benefit of the people.（七）深化文化體制改革，推動文化大發展大繁榮.7.Deepening the reform of the cultural management system and promoting the vigorous development and enrichment of culture.進一步落實和完善文化體制改革政策措施，推動文化創新，加強文化建設，保障人民基本文化權益，繁榮文化市場，滿足人民日益增長的、多樣的文化需求。堅持用馬克思主義中國化最新成果教育人民，在全社會樹立中國特色社會主義共同理想，大力弘揚以愛國主義為核心的民族精神和以改革創新為核心的時代精神，深入進行社會主義榮辱觀教育。推進和諧文化建設，實施公民道德建設工程，培育文明社會風尚。特別要加強青少年思想道德建設。深入開展文明創建活動。堅持為人民服務、為社會服務的方向，全面貫徹百花齊放、百家爭鳴的方針。發展哲學社會科學。繁榮新聞出版、廣播影視、文學藝術。鼓勵創作優秀精神文化產品.We will further implement and improve the policies and measures to reform the cultural management system, promote cultural innovation, strengthen cultural improvement work, safeguard the basic cultural rights and interests of the people, and promote a flourishing cultural market to meet the people's ever-increasing and varied cultural needs.We will continue to educate the people in the latest advances in adapting Marxism to Chinese conditions, foster a common ideal of socialism with Chinese characteristics among the people, strongly promote a national spirit centered on patriotism and a spirit of the times centered on reform and innovation, and extensively promote education in the socialist concept of honor and disgrace.We will develop a culture of harmony, carry out the program for improving civic morality and foster civilized social conduct.Particular attention will be paid to cultivating ideals and ethics among young people.Extensive campaigns will be launched to encourage civilized behavior.We will maintain the orientation of serving the people and socialism and fully adhere to the principle of letting a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend.We will develop philosophy and the social sciences.We will promote the vigorous development of the press and publishing, radio, film and television, literature and the arts.We will encourage the production of excellent cultural works.加大政府投入力度，加快構建覆蓋全社會的公共文化服務體系，加強公益性文化事業建設，特別是加強社區和鄉村文化設施建設。加快鄉鎮綜合文化站建設。推進全國文化信息共享、廣播電視村村通、農家書屋和農村電影放映工程。具有公益性質的博物館、紀念館和全國愛國主義教育示范基地，今明兩年內全部向社會免費開放。完善文化產業政策，加快文化產業基地和區域性特色文化產業群的建設。加 強網絡文化建設和管理。規范文化市場，堅持開展“掃黃打非”。加強民族文化遺產保護。擴大對外文化交流。加強城鄉公共體育設施建設，廣泛開展全民健身活動，不斷提高競技體育水平.We will increase government funding to accelerate development of a system of public cultural services for the whole society and to promote development of basic public benefit cultural programs, particularly the building of more cultural facilities in urban communities and villages.We will accelerate development of multipurpose community centers in towns and townships.We will work on the projects to set up a national shared databank of cultural information and resources, extend radio and television coverage to all villages, and set up reading rooms and show movies in rural areas.All public museums, memorial halls and exhibition centers of a nonprofit nature will stop charging admission fees this year or next year.We will improve the policy for developing the culture sector and speed up development of bases for the culture industry and clusters of cultural industries with regional features.We will strengthen efforts to develop and manage Internet culture.We will ensure order in the cultural market and continue to combat pornography and illegal publications.We will strengthen protection of our national cultural heritage.We will expand cultural exchanges with other countries.We will step up development of public sports facilities in both urban and rural areas, launch extensive public fitness programs and raise the level of competitive sports.2008年奧運會和殘奧會即將在北京舉辦。這是全體中華兒女的共同期盼，對于促進我國經濟社會發展、增進中國人民同世界各國人民的友誼與合作，具有重要意義。要扎實做好各項籌備和組織工作，加強國際合作，創造良好環境，確保成功舉辦一屆有特色、高水平的體育盛會.The 2008 Olympics and Paralympics will be held in Beijing.All sons and daughters of the Chinese nation are looking forward to them, and they will be of great importance in promoting China's economic and social development and increasing friendship and cooperation between Chinese people and the peoples of other countries.We will prepare for and organize the Games well, strengthen cooperation with the international community, and create an excellent environment to ensure that the Games are a unique, well-run sporting event.（八）加強社會主義民主法制建設，促進社會公平正義.8.Stepping up development of socialist democracy and the socialist legal system and promoting social fairness and justice.深化政治體制改革，發展社會主義政治文明。擴大人民民主，健全民主制度，豐富民主形式，拓寬民主渠道，依法實行民主選舉、民主決策、民主管理、民主監督，保障人民的知情權、參與權、表達權、監督權。發展基層民主，完善基層群眾自治制度，擴大基層群眾自治范圍，推動城鄉社區建設，深入推進政務公開、村務公開、廠務公開。發揮社會組織在擴大群眾參與、反映群眾訴求方面的積極作用，增強社會自治功能.We will deepen reform of political institutions and advance socialist political standards.We will expand people's democracy, improve democratic institutions, diversify its forms and expand its channels, and we will carry out democratic elections, decision-making, administration and oversight in accordance with the law to ensure the people's rights to stay informed about, to participate in, to express views on, and to oversee government affairs.We will develop democracy at the community level, improve the system of governance by the people at the community level, expand the scope of their autonomy, strengthen urban and rural communities, and make the running of governments, villages and factories more transparent.We will bring into play the positive role of civic organizations in expanding public participation in government affairs and voicing the concerns of the people to improve the ability of society to govern itself.全面落實依法治國基本方略。加強政府立法，提高立法質量。今年要重點加強改善民生、推進社會建設、節約能源資源、保護生態環境等方面的立法。政府立法工作要廣泛聽取意見。制定與群眾利益密切相關的行政法規、規章，原則上都要公布草案，向社會公開征求意見。合理界定和調整行政法規執法權限，強化行政執法監督，全面落實行政執法責任制。健全市縣政府依法行政制度。

We will fully adhere to the rule of law as a fundamental principle.We will step up the drafting of proposed legislation by the government and improve the quality of such legislation.The drafting of such legislation this year will focus on improving people's lives, promoting social development, conserving energy and resources, and protecting the ecosystem.In the course of doing so, we need to seek views from many sources.In principle, we will release drafts to the public to solicit their opinions when formulating all administrative rules and regulations that bear on the interests of the people.We will appropriately delineate and adjust the powers and duties of administrative law enforcement agencies, and strengthen oversight and fully implement the responsibility system for administrative law enforcement.We will improve the system of government administration in accordance with the law at the municipal and county levels.加強對行政收費的規范管理，改革和完善司法、執法的財政保障機制。加強法規、規章和規范性文件的備案審查工作。健全行政復議體制，完善行政補償和行政賠償制度。做好法律服務和法律援助工作。深入開展法制宣傳教育，在全社會形成自覺守法用法的良好氛圍.We will ensure that administrative charges are collected in a standardized way and reform and improve the mechanism for ensuring adequate funding for the judicial system and for law enforcement.We will improve the filing and inspection procedures for laws, rules, regulations and regulatory documents.Systems of administrative review and administrative compensation and reparation will be improved.We will ensure that people have adequate access to legal services and assistance.We will increase publicity and education concerning the law in order to create a good social environment in which the people conscientiously study, abide by and apply the law.完善社會管理。加強社會組織建設，健全基層社會管理體制。做好解放工作，完善信訪制度。健全社會矛盾調解機制，妥善處理人民內部矛盾，維護群眾合法權益。完善社會治安防控體系，加強社會治安綜合治理，開如伸展平安創建活動。改革和加強城鄉社區警務構成，加強流動人口服務和管理。集中整治突出的治安問題和治安混亂地區，依法防范和打擊違法犯罪活動，保障人民生命財產安全，確保社會大局穩定。加強國家安全工作。

We will improve public administration.We will increase efforts to improve civic organizations and improve the system of public administration at the community level.We will do a good job handling complaints in the form of letters and visits from the public and improve the system for handling complaints.We will improve the mechanism for mediating social tensions and properly handle problems among the people to protect their legitimate rights and interests.We will improve the public security system for the prevention and control of crime, maintain law and order through a full range of measures and launch intensive campaigns to ensure public security.We will reform and intensify community policing in both urban and rural areas and improve services for and management of the floating population.Focusing on addressing serious public security issues and improving conditions in areas with poor public order, we will work to prevent crime and crack down on crime and illegal activities in accordance with the law to protect people's lives and property and ensure social stability.We will redouble our efforts to safeguard national security.強化安全生產工作。加大源頭治理力度，遏制重特大安全事故的發生。鞏固和發展煤礦瓦斯治理和整頓關閉兩個攻堅戰成果，繼續開展重點行業領域安全專項整治。加強對各類安全事故隱患排查和整治工作，健全重大隱患治理、重大危險源監控制度，完善預報、預警、預防和應急救援體系。依法加快監管，嚴肅查處安全生產事故.We will strengthen efforts to ensure workplace safety.We will work harder to prevent serious and major accidents by addressing their root causes.We will consolidate and build upon progress in bringing coalmine gas buildup under control, improve coalmine safety and shut down coalmines that do not meet safety standards.We will continue to carry out campaigns to address safety problems in key industries and areas.We will work harder to identify and eliminate hidden perils, and improve the system for controlling major hazards and monitoring major sources of danger and the system for forecasting, giving early warning, preventing, responding to and mitigating disasters.We will tighten oversight for workplace safety in accordance with the law and rigorously investigate industrial accidents and prosecute those responsible for them.（九）加快行政管理體制改革，加強政府自身建設.9.Accelerating reform of the administrative system and intensifying government self-improvement.行政管理體制改革是深化改革的重要環節，是政治體制改革的重要內容，也是完善社會主義市場經濟體制的必然要求。改革的總原則和要求是：堅持以人為本、執政為民，堅持同發展社會主義民主政治、發展社會主義市場經濟相適應，堅持科學民主決策、依法行政、加強行政監督，堅持管理創新和制度創新，堅持發揮中央和地方兩個積極性。要著力轉變職能、理順關系、優化結構、提高效能，形成權責一致、分工合理、決策科學、執行順暢、監管有力的行政管理體制.Reform of the administrative system is an important link in deepening reform, an important part of the reform of political institutions, and an essential step in improving the socialist market economy.In reforming the administrative system, we should adhere to the following general principles and requirements: we must put people first and govern for the people.We should see to it that this reform proceeds in line with development of socialist democracy and the socialist market economy.Decisions must be made scientifically and democratically;the government must be run in accordance with the law, and administrative oversight needs to be strengthened.We need to make innovations in management and institutions and make full use of the initiative of both the central government and local governments.Efforts should be focused on changing functions, straightening out inter-departmental relationships, improving the structure and raising efficiency in order to develop an administrative system in which powers are commensurate with responsibilities, the division of work among departments is appropriate, decisions are scientific, enforcement is carried out smoothly and oversight is effective.第一，加快轉變政府職能。這是深化行政管理體制改革的核心。健全政府職責體系，全面正確地履行政府職能，努力建設服務型政府。在加強和改善經濟調節、市場監管的圖式，更加注重社會管理和公共服務，維護社會公正和社會秩序，促進基本公共服務均等化。重視發揮行業協會、商會等組織的作用.First, we must accelerate the transformation of government functions.This is central to deepening reform of the administrative system.We need to improve the division of responsibilities among government departments, ensure that all departments properly execute their functions and strive to build a service-oriented government.While improving regulation of the economy and the market, we must increase efforts to improve public administration and public services, safeguard social justice and order, and ensure equal access for all to basic public services.We will attach great importance to the role of civil organizations such as industrial associations and chambers of commerce in this area.第二，深化政府機構改革。這次國務院機構改革方案，主要圍繞轉變職能，合理配置宏觀調控部門的職能，調整和完善行業管理機構，加強社會管理和公共服務部門，探索實行職能有機統一的大部門體制；針對職責交叉、權責脫節問題，明確界定部門分工和權限，理順部門職責關系，健全部門間的協調配合機制。國務院機構改革方案將提交本次大會審議.Second, we must deepen reform of government bodies.Our current plan for the reform of bodies of the State Council mainly centers on changing the way the government functions, appropriately dividing responsibilities among departments that exercise macroeconomic regulation, adjusting and improving bodies in charge of industrial management, and improving departments responsible for public administration and public services.The plan explores ways to establish larger departments that organically integrate the functions of smaller departments.To resolve the problem of overlapping responsibilities and of powers not being matched by responsibilities, the plan clearly defines the responsibilities and powers of each department, clarifies the relationship of responsibilities among departments, and improves the mechanism for interdepartmental coordination and cooperation.The plan will be submitted to you for deliberation and approval.第三，完善行政監督制度。堅持用制度管權、管事、管人。加強行政權力監督，規范行政許可行為。強化政府層級監督，充分發揮監察、審計等專門監督的作用。自覺接受社會各個方面的監督。推行行政問責制度和政府績效制度。

Third, we must improve the mechanism of administrative oversight.We need to use institutions to oversee the exercise of power, the handling of government affairs and the management of personnel.We will strengthen oversight of the exercise of administrative power and standardize procedures for administrative approval.We will strengthen the mutual oversight between higher-and lower-level authorities, get oversight bodies such as supervision and auditing departments to fully play their role, and conscientiously accept oversight by all sectors of society.We will adhere to the administrative accountability system and government performance management system.切實加強公務員隊伍建設。嚴肅法紀政紀，堅決改變有令不行、有禁不止的現象。大力推行政務公開，健全政府信息發布制度，完善各類公開辦事制度，提高政府工作透明度，創導條件讓人民更有效地監督政府。

The competence of public servants will be strengthened.We will strictly enforce the law and the code of conduct for government employees and resolutely put a stop to non-compliance with government decrees and continued occurrences of banned practices.We will strive to make government affairs more open by enhancing the government information release system and improving the various types of administrative systems for transparency in government affairs to increase the transparency of government functions and create conditions to enable the people to oversee the government more effectively.第四，加強廉政建設。要把反腐倡廉建設放在更加突出的位置，旗幟鮮明地反對腐敗。堅持標本兼治、綜合治理、懲防并舉、注重預防的方針，扎實推進懲治和預防腐敗體系建設。特別要解決權力過分集中和缺乏制約的問題。從根本上加強制度建設，規范財政轉移支付、土地和礦產資源開發、政府采購、國有資產轉讓等公共資源管理。

Fourth, we will strengthen efforts to ensure clean government.We will attach even greater importance to combating corruption and encouraging integrity, and fight corruption unequivocally.We will effectively improve the system for preventing and punishing corruption in accordance with the principle of addressing both the symptoms and root causes of corruption and taking a dual approach that combines prevention and punishment, with the emphasis on prevention.In particular, we need to tackle the problems of excessive concentration of power and lack of checks on power.We will address fundamentals to improve regulations and institutions and standardize management of public resources such as transfer payments, development of land and mineral resources, government procurement and the transfer of state-owned assets.加大專項治理力度，重點解決環境保護、食品藥品安全、安全生產、土地征收征用與房屋拆遷等方面群眾反映強烈的問題，堅決糾正損害群眾利益的不正之風。大力提倡艱苦奮斗，堅決制止奢侈浪費。嚴肅查處各類違法違紀案件，深入開展治理商業賄賂，依法腐敗分子，決不姑息。

We will strengthen special campaigns to address people's pressing concerns related to problems concerning environmental protection, food and drug safety, workplace safety, land acquisition and expropriation, and housing demolition, to resolutely stop irregular practices that hurt public interests.We will strongly advocate hard work and plain living and firmly oppose extravagance and waste.We will prosecute all violations of the law and discipline, strictly curb bribery in business, resolutely bring corrupt people to justice and prosecute them to the full extent of the law.各位代表！Fellow Deputies, 我國是統一的多民族國家，必須堅持各民族共同團結奮斗、共同繁榮發展。堅持和完善民族區域自治制度，促進少數民族和民族地區經濟社會發展，堅固和發展平等團結互助和諧的社會主義民族關系。全面貫徹黨的宗教工作基本方針，落實宗教事務條例，發揮宗教界人士和信教群眾在促進經濟社會發展中的積極作用。做好新時期僑務工作，進一步發揮海外僑胞和歸僑僑眷在祖國現代化建設與和平統一大業中的作用.China is a unified, multiethnic country.We must promote unity among all ethnic groups and make a concerted effort to achieve prosperity and development for all.We will follow and improve the system of regional ethnic autonomy, promote economic and social development of ethnic minorities and ethnic minority areas, and consolidate and develop socialist ethnic relations of equality, unity, mutual assistance and harmony.We will faithfully follow the Party's basic principles on work related to religions, adhere to the Regulations on Religious Affairs, and enable religious figures and religious believers to play a positive role in advancing economic and social development.We need to do a good job handling affairs related to overseas Chinese nationals in the new era and make full use of the role of overseas Chinese nationals, returned overseas Chinese nationals and their relatives in China's modernization and the great cause of peaceful reunification of the motherland.加強國防和軍隊建設，是發展中國特色社會主義的戰略任務，必須統籌經濟建設和國防建設，在推進現代化事業進程中實現富國和強軍的統一。要堅持以毛澤東軍事思想、鄧小平新時期軍隊建設思想、江澤民國防和軍隊建設思想為指導，認真落實胡錦濤同志關于新形勢下國防和軍隊建設重要論述，把科學發展觀作為國防和軍隊建設的重要指導方針。

Improving national defense and the military is a strategic task in developing socialism with Chinese characteristics.We must balance economic development and national defense development to make China prosperous and the armed forces strong as we carry out modernization.We must always follow the guidance of Mao Zedong's military thinking, Deng Xiaoping's thinking on building the army in the new period and Jiang Zemin's thinking on strengthening the national defense and the army, truly implement the important guidelines of Comrade Hu Jintao on national defense and the army under the new circumstances, and take the Scientific Outlook on Development as an important guiding principle for developing national defense and the army.著眼全面履行新世紀新階段軍隊歷史使命，提高軍隊應對多種安全威脅、完成多樣化軍事任務的能力，堅決維護國家主權、安全和領土完整，為全面建設小康社會提供強有力的保障。加強人民武裝警察部隊建設，提高執勤、處置突發事件、反恐維穩的能力。加強國防教育，增強全民國防觀念。完善國防動員體系。鞏固軍政軍民團結.Our aim is to enable the army to fully carry out its historic mission in the new stage in the new century, enhance its ability to respond to security threats and accomplish a diverse array of military tasks, staunchly protect China's sovereignty, security and territorial integrity, and provide strong support for building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.We will strengthen efforts to improve the People's Armed Police Force to improve its ability to enforce the law, respond to emergencies, combat terrorism and safeguard stability.We will intensify national defense education to raise public awareness of the importance of national defense.We will improve the national defense mobilization system.We will strengthen unity between the military and the government and between the military and the people.堅定不移地貫徹“一國兩制”、“港人治港”、“澳人治澳”、高度自治的方針，嚴格按照特別行政區基本法辦事；全力支持香港、澳門兩個特別行政區政府依法施政；進一步加強內地與兩個特別行政區在經貿、科技、教育、文化、衛生、體育等領域的交流合作。我們堅信，香港、澳門同胞一定能夠把香港、澳門管理和建設得更好.We will continue to unswervingly adhere to the principle of “one country, two systems,” under which Hong Kong people administer Hong Kong and Macao people administer Macao with a high degree of autonomy, and act in strict accordance with the basic laws of the two special administrative regions.We will give full support to the governments of the Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions in administering their regions in accordance with the law, and increase exchange and cooperation between the mainland and the two special administrative regions in economic and trade affairs, environmental protection, science and technology, education, culture, health and sports.We firmly believe that our compatriots in Hong Kong and Macao will be able to do even better in administering and developing their respective regions.堅持“和平統一、一國兩制”的基本方針和新形勢下發展兩岸、促進祖國和平統一的各項政策，牢牢把握兩岸關系和平發展的主題，鼓勵兩岸同胞加強交往、增進共識，積極促進兩岸經濟文化交流，推動直接“三通”。

We will adhere to the basic principle of “peaceful reunification and one country, two systems” and follow all policies for developing relations between the two sides of the Taiwan Straits and promoting China's peaceful reunification under the current circumstances.We will pursue the goal of promoting peaceful development of cross-Straits relations, encourage compatriots on both sides to increase contacts and common understanding, actively promote cross-Straits economic and cultural exchanges, and work for the resumption of direct links of mail, transport and trade.實施和充實惠及廣大臺灣同胞的政策措施，支持海峽西岸和其他臺商投資相對集中地區的經濟發展。爭取在一個中國的基礎上盡快恢復兩岸協商談判，解決兩岸同胞關心的重大問題。堅決反對“臺獨”分裂活動，絕不允許任何人以名義任何方式把臺灣從祖國分割出去。任何涉及中國主權和領土完整的問題，必須由包括臺灣同胞在內的全中國人民共同決定。“臺獨”分裂勢力企圖改變大陸和臺灣同屬一個中國的現狀，破壞臺海和平，是注定要失敗的。兩岸統一是中華民族走向偉大復興的歷史必然。海內外中華兒女共同奮斗，一定能夠完成祖國統一大業!We will implement and improve the policies and measures designed to benefit our compatriots in Taiwan and support economic development on the west coast of the Straits in Fujian Province and in other areas where Taiwan investment is concentrated.We will work for the early resumption of cross-Straits negotiations on the basis of the one-China principle to address major issues of concern to compatriots on both sides.We firmly oppose Taiwan independence secessionist activities, and will never allow anyone to separate Taiwan from the motherland in any guise or by any means.Any issue that concerns China's sovereignty and territorial integrity must be decided by all the Chinese people, including our Taiwan compatriots.The attempts of Taiwan independence secessionist forces to deny the reality that the mainland and Taiwan belong to one and the same China and to undermine peace in the Taiwan Straits are doomed to fail.Reunification of the two sides is inevitable in the course of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.With the concerted efforts of all Chinese people at home and overseas, the great cause of China's reunification will surely be achieved!在新的一年，我們要高舉和平、發展、合作的旗幟，堅持獨立自主的和平外交政策，堅持和平發展的道路，堅持互利共贏的開放戰略，推動建設持久和平、共同繁榮的和諧世界。

In the coming year, we must continue to hold high the banner of peace, development and cooperation, follow an independent foreign policy of peace and a path of peaceful development, and adhere to the win-win strategy of opening up to promote the building of a harmonious world with durable peace and common prosperity.要努力發展同發達國家的關系，全面深化同周邊國家的睦鄰友好關系，大力加強同發展中國家的團結合作，積極開展多邊外交，推動重大熱點問題和全球性問題的妥善解決，維護我國公民和法人在海外的合法權益。

We will work hard to develop relations with developed countries, deepen good-neighborly relations and friendship with all neighboring countries, and redouble efforts to increase unity and cooperation with other developing countries.We will actively participate in multilateral diplomacy, work to find appropriate solutions to major hotspots and global issues, and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of Chinese nationals and companies overseas.中國政府和人民愿同各國人民一道，共同分享發展機遇，共同應對風險挑戰，共同推進人類和平與發展的崇高事業。各位代表!The Chinese government and people are ready to share development opportunities with people of all other countries and to work with them to address risks and challenges and advance the noble cause of the peace and development of humanity.回顧五年的成就，令人鼓舞；展望未來發展，催人奮進。偉大的祖國已邁上新的歷史征程，前景無限美好。讓我們在以胡錦濤同志為總書記的黨中央領導下，高舉中國特色社會主義偉大旗幟，以鄧小平理論和“三個代表”重要思想為指導，深入貫徹落實科學發展觀，解放思想，改革創新，扎實工作，為奪取全面建設小康社會新勝利而努力奮斗！Fellow Deputies，Looking back, we are encouraged by the achievements of the past five years.Looking ahead, we see an exciting future for China.Our great motherland has embarked upon a new historical course and the future holds even brighter prospects.Under the leadership of the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Hu Jintao as General Secretary, let us hold high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics, follow the guidance of Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of Three Represents, and comprehensively apply the Scientific Outlook on Development.Let us free our minds, carry out reform and innovation, and work diligently for greater achievements in the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects!

第二篇：2016政府工作報告中英文對照

政府工作報告

REPORT ON THE WORK OF THE GOVERNMENT

——2016年3月5日在第十二屆全國人民代表大會第四次會議上

Delivered at the Fourth Session of the 12th National People's Congress of

the People's Republic of China on March 5, 2016

國務院總理李克強

Li Keqiang Premier of the State Council

各位代表：

現在，我代表國務院，向大會報告政府工作，請予審議，并請全國政協各位委員提出意見。

Esteemed Deputies，On behalf of the State Council, I will now report to you on the work of the government for your deliberation and approval.I invite comments on my report from the members of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference(CPPCC).一、2015年工作回顧

Let me start with a review of the work we did in 2015.過去一年，我國發展面臨多重困難和嚴峻挑戰。在以習近平同志為核心的黨中央堅強領導下，全國各族人民以堅定的信心和非凡的勇氣，攻堅克難，開拓進取，經濟社會發展穩中有進、穩中有好，完成了全年主要目標任務，改革開放和社會主義現代化建設取得新的重大成就。

In the past year, China has encountered many difficulties and challenges in its development.However, under the leadership of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China(CPC)headed by General Secretary Xi Jinping, and with confidence and courage, all the people of China have worked to overcome obstacles and have pressed ahead with a pioneering spirit.As a result, progress has been achieved and stability ensured in economic and social development, the main tasks and targets for the year have been fulfilled, and major achievements have been made in reform, opening up, and socialist modernization.——經濟運行保持在合理區間。國內生產總值達到67.7萬億元，增長6.9%，在世界主要經濟體中位居前列。糧食產量實現“十二連增”，居民消費價格漲幅保持較低水平。特別是就業形勢總體穩定，城鎮新增就業1312萬人，超過全年預期目標，成為經濟運行的一大亮點

--The economy operated within an appropriate range.GDP reached 67.7 trillion yuan, representing an increase of 6.9% over the previous year-a growth rate faster than that of most other major economies.Food crop production increased for the 12th year in a row.Consumer prices grew slowly.Of particular note, the employment situation overall remained stable, with 13.12 million new urban jobs created over the course of the year, surpassing the year's target and becoming an economic highlight.——結構調整取得積極進展。服務業在國內生產總值中的比重上升到50.5%，首次占據“半壁江山”。消費對經濟增長的貢獻率達到66.4%。高技術產業和裝備制造業增速快于一般工業。單位國內生產總值能耗下降5.6%。

--Encouraging progress was made in structural adjustment.The service sector as a proportion of GDP rose to 50.5%, accounting for more than half for the first time.The contribution of consumption toward economic growth reached 66.4%.High-tech industries and equipment manufacturing grew faster than other industries.Energy consumption per unit of GDP fell by 5.6%.——發展新動能加快成長。創新驅動發展戰略持續推進，互聯網與各行業加速融合，新興產業快速增長。大眾創業、萬眾創新蓬勃發展，全年新登記注冊企業增長21.6%，平均每天新增1.2萬戶。新動能對穩就業、促升級發揮了突出作用，正在推動經濟社會發生深刻變革。

--New driving forces for development grew rapidly.Further progress was made in implementing the strategy of innovation-driven development,the penetration of the Internet into all industries picked up pace, and emerging industries grew rapidly.Business startups and innovations by the general public flourished, with the number of newly registered businesses rising by 21.6% in 2015, or an average of 12,000 new businesses per day.New driving forces played a major role in keeping employment stable and pushing ahead industry upgrading, and are now driving profound economic and social change in China.——人民生活進一步改善。全國居民人均可支配收入實際增長7.4%，快于經濟增速。去年末居民儲蓄存款余額增長8.5%，新增4萬多億元。又解決6434萬農村人口飲水安全問題。扶貧攻堅力度加大，農村貧困人口減少1442萬人。

--Living standards improved.Personal per capita disposable income increased by 7.4% in real terms, overtaking the growth rate of the economy.By the end of last year, personal savings deposits had risen by 8.5%, an increase of more than four trillion yuan.In rural areas, another 64.34 million people gained access to safe drinking water and greater alleviation efforts reduced the number of people living in poverty by 14.42 million.科技領域一批創新成果達到國際先進水平，第三代核電技術取得重大進展，國產C919大型客機總裝下線，屠呦呦獲得諾貝爾生理學或醫學獎。對我國發展取得的成就，全國各族人民倍感振奮和自豪！

A number of world-class innovations were made in science and technology.Major headway was made in the development of 3G nuclear power technology, China's self-developed C919 large jetliner rolled off the assembly line, and TuYouyou was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine.回顧過去一年，成績來之不易。

These achievements in China's development, a source of pride and motivation for our people, did not come easily.這些成績，是在極為復雜嚴峻的國際環境中取得的。去年世界經濟增速為6年來最低，國際貿易增速更低，大宗商品價格深度下跌，國際金融市場震蕩加劇，對我國經濟造成直接沖擊和影響。

They were made in the context of an extremely complicated and challenging international environment.In 2015, world economic growth fell to its lowest rate in six years, growth in international trade slowed, commodity prices plummeted, and there was growing volatility in the global financial market.All this had a direct impact on China's economy.這些成績，是在國內深層次矛盾凸顯、經濟下行壓力加大的情況下取得的。面對“三期疊加”的局面，經濟工作遇到不少兩難甚至多難問題，需要遠近結合，趨利避害，有效應對。

They were made at the same time as deep-seated domestic problems were becoming prominent and downward pressure on the economy was mounting.While dealing with the slowdown in economic growth, making difficult structural adjustments, and absorbing the effects of previous economic stimulus policies, China was also confronted with many difficult problems and choices in the running of the economy, and this called for effective responses based on the need both to combine long-term and short-term considerations and to seek benefit and avoid harm.這些成績，是在我國經濟總量超過60萬億元的高基數上取得的。現在國內生產總值每增長1個百分點的增量，相當于5年前1.5個百分點、10年前2.5個百分點的增量。經濟規模越大，增長難度隨之增加。

Finally, they were made at a time when China's economic output had exceeded 60 trillion yuan.Every percentage point of GDP growth today is equivalent to 1.5 percentage points of growth five years ago or 2.5 percentage points of growth ten years ago.The larger the economy grows, the greater the difficulty of achieving growth.在困難和壓力面前，全國各族人民付出了極大辛勞，一步一步走了過來。這再次表明，任何艱難險阻都擋不住中國發展前行的步伐！

In the face of these difficulties and pressures, all our people have truly exerted themselves and progressed step by step to get us where we are today.This once again demonstrates that no difficulty or hardship will ever stop China from moving forward.一年來，我們主要做了以下工作：

I will now move on to discuss the main work we did last year:

一是著力穩增長調結構防風險，創新宏觀調控方式。

First, we maintained stable growth, made structural adjustments, guarded against risks, and developed new ways of conducting macro regulation.為應對持續加大的經濟下行壓力，我們在區間調控基礎上，實施定向調控和相機調控。積極的財政政策注重加力增效，擴大結構性減稅范圍，實行普遍性降費，盤活財政存量資金。發行地方政府債券置換存量債務3.2萬億元，降低利息負擔約2000億元，減輕了地方政府償債壓力。穩健的貨幣政策注重松緊適度，多次降息降準，改革存貸比管理，創新貨幣政策工具，加大對實體經濟支持力度。擴大有效投資，設立專項基金，加強水利、城鎮棚戶區和農村危房改造、中西部鐵路和公路等薄弱環節建設。實施重點領域消費促進工程，城鄉居民旅游、網購、信息消費等快速增長。去年還積極應對股市、匯市異常波動等金融領域的多種風險挑戰，守住了不發生系統性區域性風險的底線，維護了國家經濟金融安全。

In responding to the mounting downward pressure on the economy, we exercised targeted and well-timed regulation on the basis of range-based regulation.We adopted proactive fiscal policy that focused on increasing intensity and efficacy by expanding the scope of structural tax reductions, reducing fees across the board, and putting dormant budgetary funds to good use.Local government bonds issued to replace outstanding debt reached 3.2 trillion yuan, lessening the interest payment burden of local governments by approximately 200 billion yuan while also reducing their debt repayment pressure.We pursued prudent monetary policy with an appropriate amount of intensity, making several cuts to interest rates and required reserve ratios, reforming management of the loan-to-deposit ratio, creating new monetary policy tools, and increasing support for the real economy.Effective investment increased, special-purpose funds were established, and development was strengthened in areas in need of attention, including water conservancy, rundown urban areas and dilapidated rural housing, and railways and highways in the central and western regions.Consumer spending was promoted in key areas, spurring rapid growth in spending on recreational travel, online shopping, and information goods and services.In 2015, we also responded proactively to a variety of risks and challenges in the financial sector, such as unusual fluctuations in the stock market and the foreign exchange market, ensuring that no systemic or regional threats arose, thus safeguarding China's economic and financial security.二是圍繞激發市場活力，加大改革開放力度。我們不搞“大水漫灌”式的強刺激，而是持續推動結構性改革。深入推進簡政放權、放管結合、優化服務改革。取消和下放311項行政審批事項，取消123項職業資格許可和認定事項，徹底終結了非行政許可審批。工商登記前置審批精簡85%，全面實施三證合一、一照一碼。加強事中事后監管，優化公共服務流程。群眾和企業辦事更加方便，全社會創業創新熱情日益高漲。

Second, we intensified reform and opening up to invigorate the market.Rather than adopting strong stimulus policies that would have an economy-wide impact, we continued to move forward with structural reform.We intensified reform to streamline administration, delegate more powers, improve regulation, and provide better services.We delegated the power or cancelled the requirement for government review for 311 items, cancelled the requirement for verification or approval for 123 professional qualifications, and put a complete stop to the practice of non-administrative review.The number of items which require government approval for new businesses prior to registration was cut by 85%, and the system of a separate business license, organization code certificate, and taxation registration certificate was replaced by a unified business license with a unified social credit code.Both operational and post-operational oversight over businesses were strengthened, and public service procedures were improved.Government-related procedures for individuals and businesses were made much simpler, such that enthusiasm for stepping out into business and making innovations is rising by the day.財稅金融等重點改革深入推進。中央對地方專項轉移支付項目減少三分之一，一般性轉移支付規模增加。營改增穩步實施，資源稅從價計征范圍擴大。取消存款利率浮動上限，推出存款保險制度，建立人民幣跨境支付系統。價格改革力度加大，中央政府定價項目減少80%，地方政府定價項目減少一半以上。國有企業、農村、投融資、生態文明等領域改革有序推進，全面深化改革的成效正在顯現。

Fiscal, tax, financial, and other key reforms were deepened.The central government cut, by one third, the number of items for which special transfer payments are permitted, while scaling up its general transfer payments.Steady progress was made in replacing business tax with VAT.Ad valorem taxation was extended to cover more types of resource taxes.The upper limit of the floating band on deposit rates was removed, the deposit insurance system was introduced, and the RMB cross-border payment system was established.Pricing reform was intensified, with the number of central government set prices reduced by 80% and the number of local government set prices cut by more than 50%.We carried out state-owned enterprise(SOE)reforms, rural reforms, and investment and financing reforms, ecological management reforms, and others.Efforts to intensify reform in all respects are beginning to deliver results.堅持以開放促改革促發展。努力穩定對外貿易，調整出口退稅負擔機制，清理規范進出口環節收費，提高貿易便利化水平，出口結構發生積極變化。外商投資限制性條目減少一半，95%以上實行備案管理，實際使用外資1263億美元，增長5.6%。非金融類對外直接投資1180億美元，增長14.7%。推廣上海自貿試驗區經驗，新設廣東、天津、福建自貿試驗區。人民幣加入國際貨幣基金組織特別提款權貨幣籃子。亞洲基礎設施投資銀行正式成立，絲路基金投入運營。簽署中韓、中澳自貿協定和中國－東盟自貿區升級議定書。“一帶一路”建設成效顯現，國際產能合作步伐加快，高鐵、核電等中國裝備走出去取得突破性進展。

Momentum was created for reform and development through opening up.We worked hard to keep foreign trade stable by adjusting the mechanism for sharing the cost of export tax rebates between the central and local governments, overhauling and regulating charges for imports and exports, increasing trade facilitation, and making changes to the export mix.The number of restrictions on overseas investment in China was cut by 50%, and over 95% of overseas-funded projects may now be undertaken on a simple reporting basis.China utilized US$126.3 billion of overseas investment, an increase of 5.6%.Non-financial outward foreign direct investment reached $118 billion, up 14.7%.Pilot free trade zones were established in Guangdong, Tianjin, and Fujian based on the model of the China(Shanghai)Pilot Free Trade Zone.The RMB was included in the IMF's Special Drawing Rights basket.The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank was officially inaugurated, and the Silk Road Fund opened for business.China signed free trade agreements with the Republic of Korea and Australia, respectively,and signed the Protocol to Amend the Framework Agreement on Comprehensive Economic Cooperation between China and ASEAN.Progress was made in the Silk Road Economic Belt and 21st Century Maritime Silk Road Initiative(the Belt and Road Initiative), the pace of our industrial-capacity cooperation with other countries was stepped up, and breakthroughs were made in China's export of high-speed railway and nuclear power equipment.三是聚焦提質增效，推動產業創新升級。

Third, we worked to promote industrial innovation and upgrading to improve economic performance.制定實施創新驅動發展戰略綱要和意見，出臺推動大眾創業、萬眾創新政策舉措，落實“互聯網+”行動計劃，增強經濟發展新動力。一大批創客走上創業創新之路。完善農業支持政策，促進農業發展方式加快轉變。針對工業增速下降、企業效益下滑，我們一手抓新興產業培育，一手抓傳統產業改造提升。啟動實施《中國制造2025》，設立國家新興產業創業投資引導基金、中小企業發展基金，擴大國家自主創新示范區。積極化解過剩產能，推進企業兼并重組。近三年淘汰落后煉鋼煉鐵產能9000多萬噸、水泥2.3億噸、平板玻璃7600多萬重量箱、電解鋁100多萬噸。促進生產性、生活性服務業加快發展。狠抓節能減排和環境保護，各項約束性指標超額完成。公布自主減排行動目標，推動國際氣候變化談判取得積極成果。

To strengthen the new growth engines, an innovation-driven development plan was adopted along with guidelines on its implementation, policies and measures were introduced to encourage public participation in starting businesses and making innovations, and the Internet Plus action plan was implemented.A great number of makers started businesses and made innovations.Improvements were made to policies in support of agriculture to promote transformation of the agricultural growth model.In addressing the decline in industrial growth and the downward slide incorporate performance, we worked to foster new industries and upgrade traditional ones.We launched the Made in China 2025 initiative to upgrade manufacturing, set up government funds to encourage investment in emerging industries and to develop small and medium-sized enterprises, and established more national innovation demonstration zones.We cut overcapacity and encouraged business acquisitions and restructuring.Cuts made in outdated production capacity over the past three years have included over 90 million metric tons of steel and iron, 230 million metric tons of cement, over 76 million weight cases of plate glass, and more than one million metric tons of electrolytic aluminum.The development of production-and consumer-oriented service industries picked up momentum.We took serious measures to conserve energy, reduce emissions, and protect the environment, exceeding obligatory targets.We released self-imposed emissions reduction targets and contributed to the positive outcomes of international negotiations on climate change.四是著眼開拓發展空間，促進區域協調發展和新型城鎮化。

Fourth, we promoted coordinated development between regions and the new type of urbanization to expand development space.繼續推動東、中、西、東北地區“四大板塊”協調發展，重點推進“一帶一路”建設、京津冀協同發展、長江經濟帶發展“三大戰略”，在基礎設施、產業布局、生態環保等方面實施一批重大工程。制定實施促進西藏和四省藏區、新疆發展的政策措施。推進戶籍制度改革，出臺居住證制度，加強城鎮基礎設施建設，新型城鎮化取得新成效。

Work continued to promote the coordinated development of the eastern region, the central region, the western region, and the northeast;priority was placed on moving forward with the Three Initiatives-the Belt and Road Initiative, the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei integration initiative, and the Yangtze Economic Belt initiative.A number of major projects were also launched to develop infrastructure, improve the distribution of industries, and achieve ecological and environmental conservation.Policies and measures were introduced to promote the development of Tibet, Xinjiang, and Tibetan ethnic areas in the provinces of Sichuan, Yunnan, Gansu, and Qinghai.We pressed ahead with the reform of the household registration system, adopted a residence certification system, and stepped up the development of urban infrastructure, making progress in developing new urbanization.五是緊扣增進民生福祉，推動社會事業改革發展。

Fifth, we promoted the reform and development of social programs to improve living standards.在財力緊張情況下，保障民生力度繼續加大。推出新的政策，重點解決高校畢業生和就業困難群體的就業創業問題。城鎮保障性安居工程住房基本建成772萬套，棚戶區住房改造開工601萬套，農村危房改造432萬戶，一大批住房困難家庭圓了安居夢。加快改善貧困地區義務教育薄弱學校辦學條件，深化中小學教師職稱制度改革，重點高校招收貧困地區農村學生人數又增長10.5%。全面推開縣級公立醫院綜合改革，拓展居民大病保險，建立重特大疾病醫療救助制度、困難殘疾人生活補貼和重度殘疾人護理補貼制度。提高低保、優撫、企業退休人員基本養老金等標準，推行機關事業單位養老保險制度改革并完善工資制度。加強基本公共文化服務建設。廣大人民群眾有了更多獲得感。

Despite fiscal constraints, we continued to intensify efforts to help ensure the wellbeing of our people.New policies were launched to create jobs and business startup opportunities for college graduates and those with difficulties finding employment.Over the course of the year, 7.72 million government-subsidized housing units were basically completed in urban areas, work started on the reconstruction of 6.01 million housing units in rundown urban areas, and 4.32 million dilapidated houses in rural areas were rebuilt, helping large numbers of families that are struggling with housing realize their dream of having a home to settle in.We moved more quickly to improve conditions in badly built and poorly operated schools providing compulsory education in poor areas, deepened the reform of the professional title system for elementary and secondary school teachers, and increased the number of students from poor rural areas who were enrolled in key institutions of higher learning by a further 10.5%.Comprehensive reform was carried out in all public hospitals at the county level, the coverage of the serious disease insurance scheme was extended to more rural and non-working urban residents, a system of assistance for treating major and serious diseases was put in place, and a system for providing living allowances for people with disabilities who are in need and for granting nursing care subsidies to persons with severe disabilities was established.We increased subsistence allowances, benefits for entitled groups, and basic pension benefits for enterprise retirees, implemented the reform of the pension system for employees of Party and government offices and public institutions, and improved their wage system.Efforts to develop basic public cultural services were also intensified.All of this has resulted in a stronger sense of benefit in society.六是促進社會和諧穩定，推動依法行政和治理方式創新。

Sixth, we developed new ways of conducting law-based administration and governance to promote social harmony and stability.國務院提請全國人大常委會審議法律議案11件，制定修訂行政法規8部。政務公開加快推進，推廣電子政務和網上辦事。建立重大政策落實督查問責機制，開展第三方評估。有效應對自然災害和突發事件。加強安全生產監管，事故總量和重特大事故、重點行業事故數量繼續下降。推進食品安全創建示范行動。強化社會治安綜合治理，依法打擊各類違法犯罪活動，有力維護了公共安全。

The State Council submitted 11 legislative proposals to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress and enacted or revised eight sets of administrative regulations.Efforts were accelerated to increase government transparency and expand the application of e-government and online administration.We set up a mechanism to inspect and establish accountability for the implementation of major government policies and introduced third-party evaluations.We responded effectively to natural disasters and emergencies.Efforts were stepped up to ensure workplace safety;as a result, we have seen a continued reduction in the number of total accidents, including the number of accidents of a serious or large-scale nature as well as those in industries where accidents tend to be more common.We moved ahead with the demonstration initiative to ensure food safety.We strengthened all-round efforts to maintain law and order and cracked down on crimes in accordance with the law to safeguard public security.我們深入開展“三嚴三實”專題教育，鍥而不舍落實黨中央八項規定精神，堅決糾正“四風”，嚴格執行國務院“約法三章”。加強行政監察和審計監督。大力推進黨風廉政建設和反腐敗斗爭，一批腐敗分子受到懲處。

The campaign to build understanding of the Three Stricts and Three Honests* was intensified, the CPC Central Committee's eight-point decision on improving Party and government conduct continued to be implemented, action was taken against formalism, bureaucratism, hedonism, and extravagance, and rigorous efforts were made to carry out the State Council's three-point decision on curbing government spending.Administrative supervision and oversight through auditing were strengthened.We stepped up efforts to improve Party conduct and government integrity and fight corruption, and brought a number of offenders to justice.我們隆重紀念中國人民抗日戰爭暨世界反法西斯戰爭勝利70周年，集中宣示了我國作為世界反法西斯戰爭東方主戰場的歷史地位和重大貢獻，彰顯了中國人民同各國人民共護和平、共守正義的堅定信念！

We marked the 70th anniversary of the victory in the Chinese People's War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the Global War against Fascism.This anniversary was a reminder of China's place in history as the main theater in the East during the Global War against Fascism and its major contribution to the war effort.The Chinese people marked this occasion to demonstrate their dedication to safeguarding peace and upholding justice together with other peoples.一年來，全方位外交成果豐碩。習近平主席等國家領導人出訪多國，出席聯合國系列峰會、二十國集團領導人峰會、亞太經合組織領導人非正式會議、氣候變化大會、東亞合作領導人系列會議、世界經濟論壇等重大活動。成功舉行中非合作論壇峰會、中歐領導人會晤，啟動中拉論壇。同主要大國關系取得新進展，同周邊國家務實合作深入推進，同發展中國家友好合作不斷拓展，同聯合國等國際組織和國際機制的關系全面加強，經濟外交、人文交流卓有成效。中國作為負責任大國，在國際和地區事務中發揮了重要的建設性作用。

Over the past year, China's all-round diplomacy has delivered fruitful outcomes.President Xi Jinping and other Chinese leaders have visited many countries and attended international events including the United Nations summits, the G20 Leaders Summit, the 23rd APEC Economic Leaders Meeting, the 21st Session of the Conference of the Parties to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, the East Asian leaders' meetings on cooperation, and the World Economic Forum annual meeting 2016.The Summit of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation and the China-EU Leaders' Meeting were held, and the China and the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States(CELAC)Forum was inaugurated.Fresh progress was made in China's relations with other major countries;pragmatic cooperation with neighboring countries was strengthened;friendship and cooperation with other developing countries grew;relations with the United Nations and other international organizations and mechanisms were strengthened in all areas;and notable achievements were made in economic diplomacy and cultural exchanges.As a responsible major country, China played an important constructive role in international and regional affairs.各位代表！

過去一年取得的成績，是以習近平同志為核心的黨中央統攬全局、科學決策的結果，是全黨全軍全國各族人民齊心協力、頑強拼搏的結果。我代表國務院，向全國各族人民，向各民主黨派、各人民團體和各界人士，表示誠摯感謝！向香港特別行政區同胞、澳門特別行政區同胞、臺灣同胞和海外僑胞，表示誠摯感謝！向關心和支持中國現代化建設事業的各國政府、國際組織和各國朋友，表示誠摯感謝！

We owe these achievements to the sound overall decisions made by the CPC Central Committee headed by General Secretary Xi Jinping, and to the concerted and determined efforts of all members of the Party, all members of the armed forces, and all the people of China.On behalf of the State Council, I wish to express our sincere gratitude to the people of all ethnic groups in China including public figures from all sectors of society and to the other parties and the people's organizations.I express our heartfelt appreciation to our fellow countrymen and women in the Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions and in Taiwan, and to Chinese nationals overseas.I also wish to express our sincere thanks to the governments, international organizations, and friends from all over the world who have shown understanding and support for China in her endeavor to modernize.在充分肯定去年成績的同時，我們也清醒看到，我國發展中還存在不少困難和問題。受全球貿易萎縮等因素影響，去年我國進出口總額出現下降，預期增長目標未能實現。投資增長乏力，一些行業產能過剩嚴重，部分企業生產經營困難，地區和行業走勢分化，財政收支矛盾突出，資本市場基礎性制度還不完善，金融等領域存在風險隱患。人民群眾關心的醫療、教育、養老、食品藥品安全、收入分配、城市管理等方面問題較多，環境污染形勢仍很嚴峻，嚴重霧霾天氣在一些地區時有發生。特別令人痛心的是，去年發生了“東方之星”號客輪翻沉事件和天津港特別重大火災爆炸等事故，人員傷亡和財產損失慘重，教訓極其深刻，必須認真汲取。政府工作還存在不足，有些改革和政策措施落實不到位，少數干部不作為、不會為、亂作為，一些領域的不正之風和腐敗問題不容忽視。我們要進一步增強憂患意識和擔當意識，下更大力氣解決這些問題，始終以民之所望為施政所向，盡心竭力做好政府工作，決不辜負人民重托。

While recognizing our achievements, we are also keenly aware that our country is still confronted with many difficulties and problems in pursuing development.With the decline in global trade, amongst other factors, China experienced a fall in its total imports and exports and failed to reach its growth objective in this regard.Growth in investment is sluggish, overcapacity is a serious problem in certain industries, some enterprises are facing difficulties in production and operations, growth prospects are mixed for different regions and different industries, notable imbalances exist between government revenue and expenditures, the basic institutions for the capital market still need to be improved, and there are latent risks in the financial and other sectors.There are many problems in medical care, education, elderly care, food and medicine safety, income distribution, and urban management that are of concern to the people.The situation remains grave when it comes to environmental pollution, and some regions are frequently hit by severe smog.Particularly distressing, last year saw the sinking of the cruise ship Oriental Star on the Yangtze and the massive explosion in Tianjin Port.The deaths and injuries and the damage and loss of property from these incidents were devastating, and the profound lessons these incidents have taught us should never be forgotten.There are still inadequacies in the work of the government.Some reforms, policies, and measures have not been fully implemented;a small number of government employees either do not or are unable to fulfill their duties, or behave irresponsibly;and the corruption and misconduct in some sectors cannot be ignored.We must be more mindful of the difficulties ahead, more ready to assume responsibility, and more hardworking in ensuring these problems are solved.The wishes of the people should always determine the aim of our governance;we must do our utmost to deliver a strong performance in our work and never fail to live up to the great trust the people have placed in us.各位代表！

2015年是“十二五”收官之年。過去五年，我國發展成就舉世矚目。黨的十八大以來，在以習近平同志為核心的黨中央堅強領導下，面對錯綜復雜的國際環境和艱巨繁重的國內改革發展穩定任務，我們繼續堅持穩中求進工作總基調，深化改革開放，實施一系列利當前、惠長遠的重大舉措，“十二五”規劃確定的主要目標任務全面完成。

Esteemed Deputies，The period covered by the 12th Five-Year Plan came to a close in 2015.During the past five years, impressive achievements were made in China's development.Since the 18th CPC National Congress in 2012, we have found ourselves in a complicated international environment, and we have faced the challenging tasks of carrying out reform and development and maintaining stability at home.However, under the guidance of the CPC Central Committee headed by General Secretary Xi Jinping, we have continued our commitment to the general principle of making progress while working to keep performance stable, deepened reform and opening up, and adopted a series of major measures that should deliver both immediate and long-term benefits.As a result, we successfully fulfilled all the main tasks and targets set out in the 12th Five-Year Plan.一是經濟持續較快發展。國內生產總值年均增長7.8%，經濟總量穩居世界第二位，成為全球第一貨物貿易大國和主要對外投資大國。

First, a high rate of economic development was maintained.During this period, China's GDP grew at an average annual rate of 7.8%.This growth enabled China to comfortably maintain its position as the world's second-largest economy, and become the largest trading nation in terms of goods as well as a major outbound investor.二是結構調整取得標志性進展。服務業成為第一大產業，工業化與信息化融合加深，農業綜合生產能力明顯增強。消費成為支撐經濟增長的主要力量。超過一半人口居住在城鎮。單位國內生產總值能耗下降18.2%，主要污染物排放量減少12%以上。

Second, milestone progress was achieved in structural adjustments.Service industries have grown to be the largest economic sector, information technology has been further integrated into industrialization, and overall agricultural production capacity has notably improved.Consumption has become a major driver of growth.Over half of China's population now resides in urban areas.Energy consumption per unit of GDP has dropped by 18.2%, and the emissions of major pollutants have been cut by over 12%.Note:

* To be strict with oneself in practicing self-cultivation, using power, and exercising self-discipline;and to be honest in one's thinking, one's work, and one's behavior.三是基礎設施水平全面躍升。鐵路營業里程達到12.1萬公里，其中高速鐵路超過1.9萬公里，占世界60%以上。高速公路通車里程超過12萬公里。南水北調東、中線工程通水。建成全球最大的第四代移動通信網絡。

Third, across-the-board improvements were made in infrastructure.The length of railways in service reached 121,000 kilometers, of which more than 19,000 kilometers are high-speed rail lines-more than 60% of the world's total.The length of expressways open to traffic exceeded 120,000 kilometers, the eastern and middle routes of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project were put into operation, and the world's largest 4G mobile network was built in China.四是科技創新實現重大突破。量子通信、中微子振蕩、高溫鐵基超導等基礎研究取得一批原創性成果，載人航天、探月工程、深海探測等項目達到世界先進水平。

Fourth, significant breakthroughs were made in scientific and technological innovation.Original achievements were made in quantum communications, neutrino oscillation, and iron-based high-temperature superconductivity through basic research.World-class advances were made in manned spaceflight, the lunar exploration program, and deep-water exploration.五是人民生活水平顯著提高。居民收入增長快于經濟增長，城鄉收入差距持續縮小。城鎮新增就業人數超過6400萬人。城鎮保障性安居工程住房建設4013萬套，上億群眾喜遷新居。農村貧困人口減少1億多，解決3億多農村人口飲水安全問題。

Fifth, living standards improved significantly.Personal income increased faster than economic growth, and the urban-rural income gap was narrowed.Over 64 million urban jobs were created.Government subsidies were used to build 40.13 million housing units in urban areas, providing new homes for around 100 million people.The number of rural residents living in poverty was cut by more than 100 million, and over 300 million rural residents gained access to safe drinking water.六是社會發展成就斐然。教育公平和質量明顯提升。基本醫療保險實現全覆蓋，基本養老保險參保率超過80%。文化軟實力持續提升。依法治國全面推進。中國特色軍事變革成就顯著。經過五年努力，我國經濟實力、科技實力、國防實力、國際影響力又上了一個大臺階。

Sixth, notable achievements were made in social development.Significant progress was made in ensuring equal access to education, and the quality of education markedly improved.Basic health insurance was expanded to achieve complete coverage, and participation in basic pension plans exceeded 80% of the whole population.China's soft power continued to grow.The rule of law was advanced in all respects.Significant achievements were made in the military revolution with Chinese characteristics.Over the past five years, China's economic strength, scientific and technological capabilities, defense capabilities, and international influence have all been strengthened considerably.“十二五”時期的輝煌成就，充分顯示了中國特色社會主義的巨大優越性，集中展現了中國人民的無窮創造力，極大增強了中華民族的自信心和凝聚力，必將激勵全國各族人民在實現“兩個一百年”奮斗目標的新征程上奮力前行！

The achievements attained during the period of the 12th Five-Year Plan fully demonstrate the strength of socialism with Chinese characteristics and the creativity of the Chinese people.The Chinese people can derive great confidence and a strengthened sense of unity from these achievements, drawing on them to forge ahead on this new leg of the journey toward realizing the Two Centenary Goals.*

二、“十三五”時期主要目標任務和重大舉措

Esteemed Deputies，Let me now brief you on the main targets, tasks, and measures for the period of the 13th Five-Year Plan from 2016 through 2020.根據《中共中央關于制定國民經濟和社會發展第十三個五年規劃的建議》，國務院編制了《國民經濟和社會發展第十三個五年規劃綱要（草案）》，提交大會審查。

On the basis of the CPC Central Committee Recommendations for the 13th Five-Year Plan for Economic and Social Development, the State Council has drawn up the draft of the 13th Five-Year Plan for Economic and Social Development and submitted it to this session for your review and approval.《綱要草案》緊緊圍繞全面建成小康社會奮斗目標，針對發展不平衡、不協調、不可持續等突出問題，強調要牢固樹立和貫徹落實創新、協調、綠色、開放、共享的發展理念，明確了今后五年經濟社會發展的主要目標任務，提出了一系列支撐發展的重大政策、重大工程和重大項目，突出了以下六個方面。

The draft, centering on the goal of finishing building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and designed to address serious issues such as unbalanced, uncoordinated, and unsustainable development, stresses the need to promote innovative, coordinated, green, open, and shared development.It proposes the main targets and tasks for economic and social development over the next five years as well as development policies, initiatives, and projects.The following are the six areas highlighted in the draft.——保持經濟中高速增長，推動產業邁向中高端水平。實現全面建成小康社會目標，到2020年國內生產總值和城鄉居民人均收入比2010年翻一番，“十三五”時期經濟年均增長保持在6.5%以上。加快推進產業結構優化升級，實施一批技術水平高、帶動能力強的重大工程。到2020年，先進制造業、現代服務業、戰略性新興產業比重大幅提升，全員勞動生產率從人均8.7萬元提高到12萬元以上。屆時，我國經濟總量超過90萬億元，發展的質量和效益明顯提高。在我們這樣一個人口眾多的發展中國家，這將是非常了不起的成就。

--We should work to maintain a medium-high rate of growth and promote the development of industries toward the medium-high end.To finish building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and double the 2010 GDP and per capita personal income by 2020, the economy needs to grow at an average annual rate of at least 6.5% during this five-year period.To that end, we will move faster to improve or upgrade the structure of industry and launch initiatives that use advanced technologies and can drive industrial development.Our goal is that by 2020, advanced manufacturing, modern services, and strategic emerging industries as a proportion of GDP will have risen significantly and that per capita labor productivity will have risen from 87,000 yuan to over 120,000 yuan.By that time, China's aggregate economic output should have exceeded 90 trillion yuan, and the quality and efficacy of development should have significantly improved.For a developing country like China with such a large population, this will be a truly remarkable achievement.——強化創新引領作用，為發展注入強大動力。創新是引領發展的第一動力，必須擺在國家發展全局的核心位置，深入實施創新驅動發展戰略。啟動一批新的國家重大科技項目，建設一批高水平的國家科學中心和技術創新中心，培育壯大一批有國際競爭力的創新型領軍企業，建設一批全面創新改革試驗區。持續推動大眾創業、萬眾創新。促進大數據、云計算、物聯網廣泛應用。加快建設質量強國、制造強國、知識產權強國。到2020年，力爭在基礎研究、應用研究和戰略前沿領域取得重大突破，全社會研發經費投入強度達到2.5%，科技進步對經濟增長的貢獻率達到60%，邁進創新型國家和人才強國行列。

--We should ensure that innovation better drives and energizes development.Innovation is the primary driving force for development and must occupy a central place in China's development strategy, which is why we must implement a strategy of innovation-driven development.We should launch new national science and technology programs, build first-class national science centers and technological innovation hubs, help develop internationally competitive high-innovation enterprises, and establish pilot reform zones for all-round innovation.We should make consistent efforts to encourage the public to start businesses and make innovations.We should promote the extensive application of big data, cloud computing, and the Internet of Things.We need to move faster to transform China into a manufacturer of advanced and quality products and a country that is strong on intellectual property rights.We should strive to achieve major breakthroughs in basic research, applied research, and research in strategic and frontier fields by 2020.China's investment in research and development is expected to reach 2.5% of GDP, and the contribution of scientific and technological advances toward economic growth should come to reach 60%.Fulfilling these objectives will turn China into an innovative and talent-rich country.——推進新型城鎮化和農業現代化，促進城鄉區域協調發展。縮小城鄉區域差距，既是調整經濟結構的重點，也是釋放發展潛力的關鍵。要深入推進以人為核心的新型城鎮化，實現1億左右農業轉移人口和其他常住人口在城鎮落戶，完成約1億人居住的棚戶區和城中村改造，引導約1億人在中西部地區就近城鎮化。到2020年，常住人口城鎮化率達到60%、戶籍人口城鎮化率達到45%。

--We should make progress in new urbanization and agricultural modernization as well as in balancing development between urban and rural areas and between regions.Narrowing the gap between urban and rural areas and between regions is not only a key part of economic structural adjustment;it is also crucial for unleashing developmental potential.We should advance the new, people-centered urbanization.This will mean granting urban residency to around 100 million people with rural household registration living in urban areas and other permanent urban residents, completing the rebuilding of both rundown areas and “villages” in cities involving about 100 million people, and enabling around 100 million rural residents to live in local towns and cities in the central and western regions.By 2020, permanent urban residents should account for 60% of China's population, and 45% of the Chinese people should be registered as permanent urban residents.實施一批水利、農機、現代種業等工程，推動農業適度規模經營和區域化布局、標準化生產、社會化服務。到2020年，糧食等主要農產品供給和質量安全得到更好保障，農業現代化水平明顯提高，新農村建設取得新成效。

We should launch initiatives to develop water conservancy in agriculture, farming machinery, and the modern seed industry, encourage appropriately scaled-up agricultural operations, and promote regional distribution, standardized production, and commercial agricultural services.By 2020, the supply, quality, and safety of food crops and other major agricultural products should be better ensured, notable headway should have been made in modernizing agriculture, and fresh progress should have been made in developing the new countryside.以區域發展總體戰略為基礎，以“三大戰略”為引領，形成沿海沿江沿線經濟帶為主的縱向橫向經濟軸帶，培育一批輻射帶動力強的城市群和增長極。加強重大基礎設施建設，高鐵營業里程達到3萬公里、覆蓋80%以上的大城市，新建改建高速公路通車里程約3萬公里，實現城鄉寬帶網絡全覆蓋。

Guided by the general strategy for regional development, we should pursue the Three Initiatives to form north-south and east-west intersecting economic belts along the coastline, the Yangtze River, and major transportation routes, and foster new growth poles and city clusters that facilitate the development of surrounding areas.We should also expand major infrastructure projects, with the aim of increasing the length of high-speed railways in service to 30,000 kilometers and linking more than 80% of big cities in China with high-speed railways, building or upgrading around 30,000 kilometers of expressways, and achieving full coverage of access to broadband networks in both urban and rural areas.Note:

* To finish building a moderately prosperous society in all respects by the time the CPC celebrates its centenary in 2021 and to turn the People's Republic of China into a modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced, and harmonious by the time it celebrates its centenary in 2049.——推動形成綠色生產生活方式，加快改善生態環境。堅持在發展中保護、在保護中發展，持續推進生態文明建設。深入實施大氣、水、土壤污染防治行動計劃，劃定生態空間保護紅線，推進山水林田湖生態工程，加強生態保護和修復。今后五年，單位國內生產總值用水量、能耗、二氧化碳排放量分別下降23%、15%、18%，森林覆蓋率達到23.04%，能源資源開發利用效率大幅提高，生態環境質量總體改善。特別是治理大氣霧霾取得明顯進展，地級及以上城市空氣質量優良天數比率超過80%。我們要持之以恒，建設天藍、地綠、水清的美麗中國。

--We should encourage green ways of working and living and speed up efforts to conserve ecosystems and the environment.We need to protect the environment while pursuing development and achieve development in a well-protected environment, making sustained efforts to build a sound ecological system.We need to take serious action to prevent and control air, water, and soil pollution, set a red line that the country's total area of ecological spaces should not fall below, move forward with eco-friendly projects to protect and restore mountains, waters, forests, and farmlands, and intensify ecological conservation and restoration efforts.Over the next five years, we should aim to ensure that water consumption, energy consumption, and carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP are cut by 23%, 15%, and 18%, respectively, and that forest coverage reaches 23.04%.We should also make it our aim, within this timeframe, to develop and use energy and resources much more efficiently and make improvements to the quality of ecosystems and the environment.In particular, we should strive for major progress in the control and prevention of air pollution and see to it that the air quality of cities at and above the prefectural level is good or excellent for 80% of the year.We must work to build, through tireless efforts, a Beautiful China where the sky is blue, the land is green, and the water runs clear.——深化改革開放，構建發展新體制。發展根本上要靠改革開放。必須全面深化改革，堅持和完善基本經濟制度，建立現代產權制度，基本建成法治政府，使市場在資源配置中起決定性作用和更好發揮政府作用，加快形成引領經濟發展新常態的體制機制和發展方式。“一帶一路”建設取得重大進展，國際產能合作實現新的突破。對外貿易向優進優出轉變，服務貿易比重顯著提升，從貿易大國邁向貿易強國。全面實行準入前國民待遇加負面清單管理制度，逐步構建高標準自由貿易區網絡，基本形成開放型經濟新體制新格局。

--We need to deepen reform and opening up to create new institutions for development.Fundamentally, development relies on reform and opening up.We must deepen reform across the board, uphold and improve the basic economic system, establish a modern system of property rights, and see that a rule of law government is basically in place.It should be ensured that the market plays the decisive role in resource allocation and the government better plays its role, and work should be accelerated to create the systems, mechanisms, and growth model that will guide the new normal in economic development.We should work for significant progress in pursuing the Belt and Road Initiative and for breakthroughs in our cooperation with other countries on industrial capacity.We should promote the optimization of imports and exports, significantly increase the proportion of trade in services, and promote China's transformation from a trader of quantity to a trader of quality.We should put into force across the board the management system for pre-establishment national treatment plus a negative list, and progressively build a network of high-standard free trade areas.With these efforts, we should be able to usher in a new phase in building an open economy based on new systems.——持續增進民生福祉，使全體人民共享發展成果。堅持以人民為中心的發展思想，努力補齊基本民生保障的短板，朝著共同富裕方向穩步前進。堅決打贏脫貧攻堅戰，我國現行標準下的農村貧困人口實現脫貧，貧困縣全部摘帽，解決區域性整體貧困。

--We need to ensure that continuous progress is made in raising living standards, and see that everyone shares in the fruits of development.Guided by the vision of people-centered development, we need to continue to strengthen points of weakness in meeting basic needs for the people in order to achieve common prosperity.We need to fight hard to win the war against poverty and help lift out of poverty all rural residents falling below the current poverty line, and achieve poverty alleviation in all poor counties and areas.建立國家基本公共服務項目清單。建立健全更加公平更可持續的社會保障制度。實施義務教育學校標準化、普及高中階段教育、建設世界一流大學和一流學科等工程，勞動年齡人口平均受教育年限從10.23年提高到10.8年。

We should put in place a national catalogue of basic public services.We should establish more equitable and sustainable social security systems.We need to ensure that all schools providing compulsory education comply with educational standards, that everyone has access to secondary education, that China has more world-class universities and first-class fields of discipline, and that the average number of years of schooling received by the working-age population increases from 10.23 to 10.8 years.實現城鎮新增就業5000萬人以上。完善收入分配制度，縮小收入差距，提高中等收入人口比重。完善住房保障體系，城鎮棚戶區住房改造2000萬套。

We need to create 50 million plus new urban jobs.We need to improve the income distribution system, reduce the income gap, and increase the proportion of the middle-income group in the whole populace.We should improve systems of government housing support, which should include the rebuilding of 20 million housing units in rundown urban areas.推進健康中國建設，人均預期壽命提高1歲。積極應對人口老齡化。構建現代公共文化服務體系，實施公民道德建設、中華文化傳承等工程。我們既要讓人民的物質生活更殷實，又要讓人民的精神生活更豐富。

We need to work for progress in building a Healthy China and achieve a one-year increase in average life expectancy.We need to respond proactively to population aging.We should build a modern system of public cultural services and put into effect cultural programs to boost civic morality and keep Chinese culture thriving.These efforts should enable people not only to enjoy a better life in material terms, but also to live a more enriching intellectual and cultural life.做好“十三五”時期經濟社會發展工作，實現全面建成小康社會目標，必須著力把握好三點。

To achieve success in our work to promote economic and social development during the period of the 13th Five-Year Plan and finish building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, we must keep to the following three guidelines:

一是牢牢抓住發展第一要務不放松。發展是硬道理，是解決我國所有問題的關鍵。今后五年是跨越“中等收入陷阱”的重要階段，各種矛盾和風險明顯增多。發展如逆水行舟，不進則退。必須毫不動搖堅持以經濟建設為中心，推動科學發展，妥善應對風險挑戰，使中國經濟這艘巨輪破浪遠航。

First, give top priority to development

Development is of primary importance to China and is the key to solving every problem we face.During the next five years, we must take particular care to avoid falling into the “middle-income trap,” and we need to address an increasing number of problems and risks.Pursuing development is like sailing against the current: you either forge ahead or drift downstream.We must remain committed to economic development as our central task, endeavor to promote sound development, and respond effectively to risks and challenges so as to ensure that China's economy, like a gigantic ship, breaks the waves and goes the distance.二是大力推進結構性改革。當前發展中總量問題與結構性問題并存，結構性問題更加突出，要用改革的辦法推進結構調整。在適度擴大總需求的同時，突出抓好供給側結構性改革，既做減法，又做加法，減少無效和低端供給，擴大有效和中高端供給，增加公共產品和公共服務供給，使供給和需求協同促進經濟發展，提高全要素生產率，不斷解放和發展社會生產力。

Second, make major headway in carrying out structural reform

At present, we face problems both with aggregate supply and demand and with our structures.The structural problems are more acute, and reform should be conducted to adjust these structures.While working to achieve an appropriate expansion of aggregate demand, we need to give particular emphasis to structural reform on the supply side, reducing supply in some areas while increasing it in others.This means that we need to reduce ineffective and lower-end supply while increasing effective and medium-and high-end supply, increase the supply of public goods and services, ensure that development is driven by both supply and demand, and improve total-factor productivity.This should enable us to unleash and develop productive forces.三是加快新舊發展動能接續轉換。經濟發展必然會有新舊動能迭代更替的過程，當傳統動能由強變弱時，需要新動能異軍突起和傳統動能轉型，形成新的“雙引擎”，才能推動經濟持續增長、躍上新臺階。當前我國發展正處于這樣一個關鍵時期，必須培育壯大新動能，加快發展新經濟。要推動新技術、新產業、新業態加快成長，以體制機制創新促進分享經濟發展，建設共享平臺，做大高技術產業、現代服務業等新興產業集群，打造動力強勁的新引擎。運用信息網絡等現代技術，推動生產、管理和營銷模式變革，重塑產業鏈、供應鏈、價值鏈，改造提升傳統動能，使之煥發新的生機與活力。

Third, accelerate the shift in driving forces for development

In the course of economic development, it is only natural that old drivers of growth are replaced by new ones.As conventional driving forces weaken, it is critical that new driving forces emerge and that the conventional ones undergo a transformation so that new twin engines are formed;only then is it possible to upgrade the economy and achieve sustainable growth.This is the crucial period in which China currently finds itself, and during which we must build up powerful new drivers in order to accelerate the development of the new economy.We need to move faster to develop new technologies, industries, and forms of business, boost the development of a sharing economy through institutional innovations, create sharing platforms, and develop emerging industry clusters such as high-tech and modern service industry clusters, thus creating strong new engines.We will use network-based information technology and other modern technologies to drive changes in models of production, management, and marketing, create new industry chains, supply chains, and value chains, and transform and upgrade conventional drivers, thus injecting them with new vitality.從根本上說，發展的不竭力量蘊藏在人民群眾之中。9億多勞動力、1億多受過高等教育和有專業技能的人才，是我們最大的資源和優勢。實現新舊動能轉換，推動發展轉向更多依靠人力人才資源和創新，既是一個伴隨陣痛的調整過程，也是一個充滿希望的升級過程。只要闖過這個關口，中國經濟就一定能夠浴火重生、再創輝煌。

Ultimately, it is the people who are the inexhaustible source of power that drives development.A workforce of over 900 million, of whom over 100 million have received higher education or are professionally trained: this is our greatest resource and strength.Obviously, replacing old drivers of growth with new ones and achieving a shift in development toward greater reliance on human resources, human capital, and innovation is a process of painful adjustment.But it is at the same time an upgrading process with great promise.We just have to get through this process, and we can, without question, reinvigorate the economy and ensure its dynamic growth.展望今后五年，我們充滿必勝信心。如期實現全面建成小康社會目標，人民生活將會更加美好，中國特色社會主義事業前景一定會更加光明！

Looking ahead to the next five years, we are fully confident that we will finish building a moderately prosperous society in all respects within the set timeframe, that our people will enjoy better lives, and that there will be an even brighter future for the cause of building socialism with Chinese characteristics.三、2016年重點工作

I now want to discuss the major areas of work for 2016.今年是全面建成小康社會決勝階段的開局之年，也是推進結構性改革的攻堅之年。

This is the first year of the decisive stage in finishing building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and a crucial year in carrying out structural reform.To ensure that the government's goal for this year is accomplished, we must do the following:

做好政府工作，必須高舉中國特色社會主義偉大旗幟，全面貫徹黨的十八大和十八屆三中、四中、五中全會精神，以鄧小平理論、“三個代表”重要思想、科學發展觀為指導，深入貫徹總書記系列重要講話精神，按照“五位一體”總體布局和“四個全面”戰略布局，堅持改革開放，堅持以新發展理念引領發展，堅持穩中求進工作總基調，適應經濟發展新常態，實行宏觀政策要穩、產業政策要準、微觀政策要活、改革政策要實、社會政策要托底的總體思路，把握好穩增長與調結構的平衡，保持經濟運行在合理區間，著力加強供給側結構性改革，加快培育新的發展動能，改造提升傳統比較優勢，抓好去產能、去庫存、去杠桿、降成本、補短板，加強民生保障，切實防控風險，努力實現“十三五”時期經濟社會發展良好開局。

--hold high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics;

--implement the guiding principles of the 18th National Congress of the CPC and the third, fourth, and fifth plenary sessions of the 18th CPC Central Committee;

--follow the guidance of Deng Xiaoping Theory, the Theory of Three Represents, and the Scientific Outlook on Development;

--put into practice the guiding principles from General Secretary Xi Jinping's major policy addresses;

--work in accordance with the overall plan for promoting all-round economic, political, cultural, social, and ecological progress and the Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy;*

--continue reform and opening up;

--follow the new vision of development;

--follow the general principle of making progress while working to keep performance stable;

--adapt to the new normal in economic development;

--follow the general guidelines that macro policies should be stable, industrial policies targeted, micro policies flexible, reform policies practical, and that social policies should ensure basic needs;

--maintain a balance between ensuring steady growth and making structural adjustments;

--ensure that the economy operates within an appropriate range;

--strengthen supply-side structural reform;

--accelerate the fostering of new driving forces for development;

--strengthen traditional comparative advantages;

--cut overcapacity and excess inventory, deleverage, reduce costs, and strengthen points of weakness;

--strengthen basic safeguards for public wellbeing;

--prevent and control risks.今年發展的主要預期目標是：國內生產總值增長6.5%－7%，居民消費價格漲幅3%左右，城鎮新增就業1000萬人以上，城鎮登記失業率4.5%以內，進出口回穩向好，國際收支基本平衡，居民收入增長和經濟增長基本同步。單位國內生產總值能耗下降3.4%以上，主要污染物排放繼續減少。

By working to achieve all of these, we should get off to a good start in economic and social development during the period covered by the 13th Five-Year Plan.The main development targets for 2016 are as follows:

--GDP growth of 6.5% to 7%;

--CPI increase kept at around 3%;

--creation of at least ten million new urban jobs;

--registered urban unemployment rate kept within 4.5%;

--a steady rise in import and export volumes;

--a basic balance in international payments;

--increases in personal income basically in step with economic growth;

--a reduction in energy consumption per unit of GDP of at least 3.4%;

--further reductions in the release of major pollutants.經濟增長預期目標6.5%－7%，考慮了與全面建成小康社會目標相銜接，考慮了推進結構性改革的需要，也有利于穩定和引導市場預期。穩增長主要是為了保就業、惠民生，有6.5%－7%的增速就能夠實現比較充分的就業。

In setting a projected growth rate of between 6.5% and 7%, we have taken into consideration the need to finish building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and the need to advance structural reform.It will also help guide market expectations and keep them stable.The aim of maintaining stable growth is primarily to ensure employment and promote the people's wellbeing, and a growth rate of between 6.5% and 7% will allow for relatively full employment.綜合分析各方面情況，今年我國發展面臨的困難更多更大、挑戰更為嚴峻，我們要做打硬仗的充分準備。

A comprehensive analysis of all factors shows that China will face more and tougher problems and challenges in its development this year, so we must be fully prepared to fight a difficult battle.從國際看，世界經濟深度調整、復蘇乏力，國際貿易增長低迷，金融和大宗商品市場波動不定，地緣政治風險上升，外部環境的不穩定不確定因素增加，對我國發展的影響不可低估。

Internationally, the global economy is experiencing profound changes and struggling to recover;growth in trade is weak;there are fluctuations in the financial and commodity markets;geopolitical risks are rising;and there are increasing instabilities and uncertainties in China's external environment.We should not underestimate the impact all of this will have on China's development.從國內看，長期積累的矛盾和風險進一步顯現，經濟增速換擋、結構調整陣痛、新舊動能轉換相互交織，經濟下行壓力加大。

Domestically, problems and risks that have been building up over the years are becoming more evident;the change of pace in economic growth, the difficulties associated with structural adjustments, and the transformation of the drivers of growth present interwoven problems;and downward pressure on the economy is growing.但困難和挑戰并不可怕。中國的發展從來都是在應對挑戰中前進的，沒有過不去的坎。經過多年的快速發展，我國物質基礎雄厚，經濟韌性強、潛力足、回旋余地大，改革開放不斷注入新動力，創新宏觀調控積累了豐富經驗。特別是我們有中國共產黨的堅強領導和中國特色社會主義制度，中國人民勤勞智慧。只要我們萬眾一心，共克時艱，就一定能夠實現全年經濟社會發展目標。

But we will not be daunted by these problems and challenges.China has from the start been developing while responding to challenges;there is no difficulty we cannot get beyond.Thanks to years of rapid development, China has laid a solid material foundation, and its economy is hugely resilient and has enormous potential and ample room for growth.At the same time, reform and opening up has been injecting new impetus into economic growth, and a wealth of experience has been gained in developing new ways of conducting macro regulation.In addition, we have the guidance of the CPC and the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and our people are talented and hardworking.As long as we work together as one to surmount all difficulties, we will definitely achieve the targets for economic and social development in 2016.今年要重點做好八個方面工作。

This year, we will carry out the following eight tasks:

（一）穩定和完善宏觀經濟政策，保持經濟運行在合理區間。我們宏觀調控還有創新手段和政策儲備，既要立足當前、有針對性地出招，頂住經濟下行壓力，又要著眼長遠、留有后手、謀勢蓄勢。繼續實施積極的財政政策和穩健的貨幣政策，創新宏觀調控方式，加強區間調控、定向調控、相機調控，統籌運用財政、貨幣政策和產業、投資、價格等政策工具，采取結構性改革尤其是供給側結構性改革舉措，為經濟發展營造良好環境。

1.Improve and keep stable our macroeconomic policies to ensure that the economy performs within an appropriate range

At present, we still have new instruments for macro regulation and a good reserve of policies at our disposal.On the one hand, we will focus on current realities and take targeted steps to withstand the downward pressure on the economy.On the other hand, we must have our long-term development goals in mind, keep some policy tools as options for later use, strategize our moves, and gather strength.We will continue to implement proactive fiscal policy and prudent monetary policy, develop new approaches to macro regulation, strengthen range-based, targeted, and well-timed regulation, use fiscal and monetary policies and industry, investment, and pricing policy tools in a coordinated way, and implement structural reform, particularly supply-side structural reform, so as to create an enabling environment for economic development.積極的財政政策要加大力度。今年擬安排財政赤字2.18萬億元，比去年增加5600億元，赤字率提高到3%。其中，中央財政赤字1.4萬億元，地方財政赤字7800億元。安排地方專項債券4000億元，繼續發行地方政府置換債券。我國財政赤字率和政府負債率在世界主要經濟體中相對較低，這樣的安排是必要的、可行的，也是安全的。

--We will pursue a more proactive fiscal policy.The government deficit for 2016 is projected to be 2.18 trillion yuan, an increase of 560 billion yuan over last year, meaning the deficit-to-GDP ratio will rise to 3%.Of the deficit, 1.4 trillion yuan will be carried by the central government, and the remaining 780 billion yuan will be carried by local governments.Special bonds for local governments will total 400 billion yuan, and local government debt-converting bonds will continue to be issued.China's deficit-to-GDP ratio and government debt ratio are lower than those of other major economies;such steps are necessary, feasible, and also safe.適度擴大財政赤字，主要用于減稅降費，進一步減輕企業負擔。

The moderate increase in government deficit is projected primarily to cover tax and fee reductions for enterprises, a step that will further reduce their burdens.今年將采取三項舉措。一是全面實施營改增，從5月1日起，將試點范圍擴大到建筑業、房地產業、金融業、生活服務業，并將所有企業新增不動產所含增值稅納入抵扣范圍，確保所有行業稅負只減不增。二是取消違規設立的政府性基金，停征和歸并一批政府性基金，擴大水利建設基金等免征范圍。

The following three measures will be adopted this year.First, business tax will be replaced with VAT in all sectors.Starting from May 1st, the scope of work to pilot this measure will be extended to the construction, real estate, financial, and consumer service industries, and VAT deductions will cover all new immovable property of enterprises to ensure that the tax burdens on all industries are reduced.Second, government-managed funds set up without authorization will be abolished;the collection of contributions to certain government-managed funds will be suspended, and some of these funds will be consolidated;and more enterprises will be exempted from contributing to water conservancy construction funds and other government-managed funds.Note:

* To make comprehensive moves to finish building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, deepen reform, advance the law-based governance of China, and strengthen Party self-conduct.三是將18項行政事業性收費的免征范圍，從小微企業擴大到所有企業和個人。

Third, exemptions from 18 administrative charges which currently apply only to small and micro businesses will be expanded to include all enterprises and individuals.實施上述政策，今年將比改革前減輕企業和個人負擔5000多億元。同時，適當增加必要的財政支出和政府投資，加大對民生等薄弱環節的支持。創新財政支出方式，優化財政支出結構，該保的一定要保住，該減的一定要減下來。

Through the above policies, the burdens on enterprises and individuals will be cut by more than 500 billion yuan this year.At the same time, we will increase government expenditures and investment as appropriate to work on living standards and other areas in need of strengthening.We will develop new ways for government funds to be spent and improve the government spending mix to ensure that all essential items receive sufficient funding, while non-essential items are cut.加快財稅體制改革。推進中央與地方事權和支出責任劃分改革，合理確定增值稅中央和地方分享比例。把適合作為地方收入的稅種下劃給地方，在稅政管理權限方面給地方適當放權。進一步壓縮中央專項轉移支付規模，今年一般性轉移支付規模增長12.2%。全面推開資源稅從價計征改革。依法實施稅收征管。建立規范的地方政府舉債融資機制，對財政實力強、債務風險較低的，按法定程序適當增加債務限額。各級政府要堅持過緊日子，把每一筆錢都花在明處、用在實處。

Fiscal and tax reforms will be stepped up.We will move forward with the reform of the way powers and expenditure responsibilities are shared between the central and local governments, ensuring that the proportion of VAT revenue received by the central and local governments is determined appropriately.Taxes suitable as sources of local government revenue will be handed over to local governments along with the corresponding administrative powers.Central government special transfer payments to local governments will be further reduced, while this year's general transfer payments will be increased by 12.2%.We will extend ad valorem rates to all resource taxes.We will promote the law-based administration of tax collection.We will establish a well-regulated mechanism for local governments to secure financing through bond issuance and make moderate upward adjustments to debt ceilings for local governments with strong financial resources and low debt risks through statutory procedures.Governments at all levels must tighten their belts and spend every sum of money where it can be seen and where it's most needed.穩健的貨幣政策要靈活適度。今年廣義貨幣M2預期增長13%左右，社會融資規模余額增長13%左右。要統籌運用公開市場操作、利率、準備金率、再貸款等各類貨幣政策工具，保持流動性合理充裕，疏通傳導機制，降低融資成本，加強對實體經濟特別是小微企業、“三農”等支持。

--We will pursue prudent monetary policy that is flexible and appropriate.Both the M2 money supply and aggregate financing in the economy are forecasted to grow by around 13% in 2016.We will use a full range of monetary policy tools including open market operations, interest rates, required reserve ratios, and re-lending to maintain sufficient liquidity at a proper level, improve the transmission mechanism of monetary policy, and reduce financing costs.We will provide more support for the real economy, particularly for small and micro businesses as well as agriculture, rural areas, and farmers.深化金融體制改革。加快改革完善現代金融監管體制，提高金融服務實體經濟效率，實現金融風險監管全覆蓋。深化利率市場化改革。繼續完善人民幣匯率市場化形成機制，保持人民幣匯率在合理均衡水平上基本穩定。深化國有商業銀行和開發性、政策性金融機構改革，發展民營銀行，啟動投貸聯動試點。推進股票、債券市場改革和法治化建設，促進多層次資本市場健康發展，提高直接融資比重。適時啟動“深港通”。建立巨災保險制度。規范發展互聯網金融。大力發展普惠金融和綠色金融。加強全口徑外債宏觀審慎管理。扎緊制度籠子，整頓規范金融秩序，嚴厲打擊金融詐騙、非法集資和證券期貨領域的違法犯罪活動，堅決守住不發生系統性區域性風險的底線。

We will deepen reform of the financial sector.We will move faster in the reform to improve the modern financial regulatory system and ensure that the financial sector serves the real economy more efficiently and that regulation covers all financial risks.Interest rates will be further liberalized.Improvements will be made to the market-based mechanism for setting the RMB exchange rate to ensure it remains generally stable at an appropriate and balanced level.We will deepen reform of state-owned commercial banks as well as development and policy-backed financial institutions, develop private banks, and launch trials to allow commercial banks to participate in combined debt-equity investments into startups and small businesses.We will move forward with the reform of stock and bond markets and increase the level of rule of law in their development, promote the sound development of the multilevel capital market, and ensure that the proportion of direct financing is increased.The Shenzhen-Hong Kong Stock Connect will be launched at an appropriate time.A catastrophe insurance system will be established.We will work to see that Internet finance develops in line with regulations, and we will make a major push to develop inclusive and green finance.We will strengthen unified, macroprudential management of foreign debt.We will tighten institutional constraints, safeguard order in the financial sector, crack down on financial fraud, illegal fundraising, and unlawful and criminal activities in the securities and futures markets, and make sure that no systemic or regional financial risks arise.（二）加強供給側結構性改革，增強持續增長動力。圍繞解決重點領域的突出矛盾和問題，加快破除體制機制障礙，以供給側結構性改革提高供給體系的質量和效率，進一步激發市場活力和社會創造力。

2.Strengthen supply-side structural reform to drive sustained growth

To solve acute problems in key areas, we must work faster to remove institutional obstacles and carry out supply-side structural reform to improve the quality and efficiency of the supply system, and further stimulate market vitality and the creativity of society.推動簡政放權、放管結合、優化服務改革向縱深發展。以敬民之心，行簡政之道，切實轉變政府職能、提高效能。繼續大力削減行政審批事項，注重解決放權不同步、不協調、不到位問題，對下放的審批事項，要讓地方能接得住、管得好。深化商事制度改革，開展證照分離試點。

--We will deepen reforms to streamline administration, delegate more powers, improve regulation, and provide better services.With the people in mind, we will streamline administration, transform the functions of the government, and improve its performance.As we continue to cancel the requirement of government review for more matters, we will focus on addressing unsynchronized, uncoordinated, and incomplete delegation of powers and make sure that local governments to which powers of review have been delegated are able to properly exercise those powers.We will deepen reform of the business system and launch trials to separate operating permits and business licenses.全面公布地方政府權力和責任清單，在部分地區試行市場準入負面清單制度。對行政事業性收費、政府定價或指導價經營服務性收費、政府性基金、國家職業資格，實行目錄清單管理。加快建設統一開放、競爭有序的市場體系，打破地方保護。深化價格改革，加強價格監管。

We will release the lists of all powers and responsibilities of local governments, and begin piloting a negative list for market access in some regions.We will draw up lists and catalogues to manage administrative charges, business fees and charges set by the government or set under its guidance, government-managed funds, and professional qualifications recognized by the state.We will move faster to establish a unified, open, competitive, and orderly market system, and put an end to local protectionism.We will deepen pricing reform and tighten up supervision of prices.修改和廢止有礙發展的行政法規和規范性文件。創新事中事后監管方式，全面推行“雙隨機、一公開”監管，隨機抽取檢查對象，隨機選派執法檢查人員，及時公布查處結果。推進綜合行政執法改革，實施企業信用信息統一歸集、依法公示、聯合懲戒、社會監督。

We will revise or abolish any administrative regulations and normative documents that are holding back development.We will develop new ways of conducting oversight over the whole process of business operations, and introduce across the board an oversight model drawing on random inspections by randomly selected law enforcement officers or inspectors and requiring the prompt release of results.We will implement the reform for coordinated administrative law enforcement and adopt a unified approach to gathering information on enterprise credit, release such information in accordance with the law, ensure joint punitive action is taken where necessary, and encourage public oversight.大力推行“互聯網+政務服務”，實現部門間數據共享，讓居民和企業少跑腿、好辦事、不添堵。簡除煩苛，禁察非法，使人民群眾有更平等的機會和更大的創造空間。

We will carry out the “Internet Plus government services” model and promote better information sharing between government departments, so that the public and businesses need to make fewer visits to government departments to get things done, find procedures simpler, and find the service satisfactory.We will cut red tape and root out illegalities to ensure that the people have more equal opportunities and greater space for creativity.充分釋放全社會創業創新潛能。著力實施創新驅動發展戰略，促進科技與經濟深度融合，提高實體經濟的整體素質和競爭力。

--We will ensure that the whole country's potential for starting businesses and making innovations is released.We will implement the strategy of innovation-driven development, see that science and technology become more deeply embedded in the economy, and improve the overall quality and competitiveness of the real economy.一是強化企業創新主體地位。落實企業研發費用加計扣除和加速折舊政策，完善高新技術企業、科技企業孵化器等稅收優惠政策。支持行業領軍企業建設高水平研發機構。加快將國家自主創新示范區試點政策推廣到全國，再建設一批國家自主創新示范區、高新區。

First, we will ensure that enterprises lead in making innovations.We will implement additional tax deductions for their research and development, accelerate the depreciation of their fixed assets, and increase tax policy support for high-tech enterprises and science and technology business incubators.We will support leading enterprises in building top-level research and development institutions.We will move faster to achieve nationwide implementation of the policy of national innovation demonstration zones, and establish another set of national innovation demonstration zones and high-tech development zones.二是發揮大眾創業、萬眾創新和“互聯網+”集眾智匯眾力的乘數效應。打造眾創、眾包、眾扶、眾籌平臺，構建大中小企業、高校、科研機構、創客多方協同的新型創業創新機制。建設一批“雙創”示范基地，培育創業創新服務業，規范發展天使、創業、產業等投資。支持分享經濟發展，提高資源利用效率，讓更多人參與進來、富裕起來。實施更積極、更開放、更有效的人才引進政策。加強知識產權保護和運用，依法嚴厲打擊侵犯知識產權和制假售假行為。

Second, we will help people to pool their ideas and talents through a synergy of business startups, innovation, and the Internet Plus.Platforms will be created for crowd innovation, crowd support, crowdsourcing, and crowdfunding, and mechanisms will be built to encourage new types of business startups and innovation-making through cooperation between enterprises, institutions of higher learning, research institutes, and makers.We will establish demonstration centers for business startups and innovation, foster a business startup and innovation service industry, and ensure angel investment, venture capital, industrial investment, and other investment develop in accordance with regulations.We will give our support to the development of a sharing economy and see that resources are used more efficiently and that more people take part and benefit.We will adopt more active, open, and effective policies to attract talent from overseas.We will strengthen the protection and use of intellectual property rights and look to the law to crack down on the infringement of these rights and on the production and sale of counterfeit products.三是深化科技管理體制改革。擴大高校和科研院所自主權，砍掉科研管理中的繁文縟節。實施支持科技成果轉移轉化的政策措施，完善股權期權稅收優惠政策和分紅獎勵辦法，鼓勵科研人員創業創新。大力弘揚創新文化，厚植創新沃土，營造敢為人先、寬容失敗的良好氛圍，充分激發企業家精神，調動全社會創業創新積極性，匯聚成推動發展的磅礴力量。

Third, we will deepen the reform of the management system for science and technology.Greater autonomy will be given to universities and research institutes, and red tape will be cut in the management of research projects.Policies and measures will be implemented to support the transfer and commercialization of scientific and technological achievements, and tax incentives for stocks and options, and profit sharing and bonus plans will be improved to encourage researchers to start businesses and make innovations.We will foster a culture of innovation and create an enabling environment for innovation in which people venture to break new ground and failure is tolerated.I am sure that these initiatives will inspire entrepreneurialism and motivate our society to start businesses and make innovations, and thus create a powerful force to drive development.著力化解過剩產能和降本增效。重點抓好鋼鐵、煤炭等困難行業去產能，堅持市場倒逼、企業主體、地方組織、中央支持，運用經濟、法律、技術、環保、質量、安全等手段，嚴格控制新增產能，堅決淘汰落后產能，有序退出過剩產能。采取兼并重組、債務重組或破產清算等措施，積極穩妥處置“僵尸企業”。完善財政、金融等支持政策，中央財政安排1000億元專項獎補資金，重點用于職工分流安置。采取綜合措施，降低企業交易、物流、財務、用能等成本，堅決遏制涉企亂收費，對違規行為要嚴肅查處。

--We will ensure that overcapacity is cut, costs are lowered, and business performance is improved.We will focus on addressing the overcapacity in the steel, coal, and other industries facing difficulties.In this process, the market should serve as a check, enterprises should be the major actors, local governments should play a coordinating role, and the central government should provide support.We will use economic, legal, technological, environmental, quality inspection, and safety-related means to strictly control the expansion of production capacity, shut down outdated production facilities, and eliminate overcapacity in a planned way.We will address the issue of “zombie enterprises” proactively yet prudently by using measures such as mergers, reorganizations, debt restructurings, and bankruptcy liquidations.Fiscal, financial, and other policies will be improved to support this work.One hundred billion yuan in rewards and subsidies will be provided by the central government, which will be mainly used to resettle employees laid off from these enterprises.We will take a full range of measures to reduce the transaction, logistics, financial, and energy consumption costs of enterprises, and work to put a stop to the collection of arbitrary and unwarranted fees from enterprises and be strict about investigating and punishing violations of regulations.努力改善產品和服務供給。突出抓好三個方面。

We will concentrate our efforts on the following three areas:

一是提升消費品品質。加快質量安全標準與國際標準接軌，建立商品質量懲罰性賠償制度。鼓勵企業開展個性化定制、柔性化生產，培育精益求精的工匠精神，增品種、提品質、創品牌。

--We will work to ensure the supply of goods and services is improved.First, we will see that the quality of consumer goods is improved.We will move faster to bring domestic quality and safety standards in line with international standards, and

第三篇：2009年政府工作報告中英文對照

2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)REPORT ON THE WORK OF THE GOVERNMENT

政府工作報告

Delivered at the Second Session of the Eleventh National People's Congress on March 5, 2009

——２００９年３月５日在第十一屆全國人民代表大會第二次會議上

Wen Jiabao

溫家寶

Premier of the State Council

國務院總理

Fellow Deputies，各位代表：

On behalf of the State Council, I now present to you my report on the work of the government for your deliberation and approval.I also solicit comments and suggestions on the report from the members of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference(CPPCC).現在，我代表國務院，向大會作政府工作報告，請予審議，并請全國政協各位委員提出意見。

I.Review of the Work in 2008

一、２００８年工作回顧

The year 2008 was truly eventful.Our country's economic and social development withstood severe challenges and tests that were rarely seen before.Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China(CPC), the people of all our ethnic groups faced difficulties squarely, worked with courage and determination, surmounted all difficulties and obstacles, and made new achievements in reform, opening up and socialist modernization.２００８年是極不平凡的一年。我國經濟社會發展經受住了歷史罕見的重大挑戰和考驗。在中國共產黨領導下，全國各族人民迎難而上，奮力拼搏，戰勝各種艱難險阻，改革開放和社會主義現代化建設取得新的重大成就。

-The national economy continued to maintain steady and rapid growth.GDP 2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)topped 30 trillion yuan, an increase of 9% over the previous year.Overall price rises were held in check.Government revenue was 6.13 trillion yuan, an increase of 19.5%.Grain output rose for the fifth consecutive year and totaled 528.5 million tons, a record high.——國民經濟繼續保持平穩較快增長。國內生產總值超過３０萬億元，比上年增長９％；物價總水平漲幅得到控制；財政收入６．１３萬億元，增長１９．５％；糧食連續五年增產，總產量５２８５０萬噸，創歷史最高水平。

-Reform and opening up were further deepened.New breakthroughs were made in reforms in key areas and crucial links, such as the fiscal, taxation, financial and pricing systems and administration.Imports and exports totaled US$ 2.56 trillion, an increase of 17.8%.Paid-in foreign direct investment reached $92.4billion.——改革開放深入推進。財稅、金融、價格、行政管理等重點領域和關鍵環節的改革取得新突破。進出口貿易總額２．５６萬億美元，增長１７．８％。實際利用外商直接投資９２４億美元。

-Development of social programs was accelerated, and the living standards of the people continued to rise.A total of 11.13 million more urban residents entered the workforce.Urban per capita annual disposable income reached 15,781 yuan, an increase of 8.4% in real terms, and rural per capita net income reached 4,761 yuan, up by 8% in real terms.——社會事業加快發展，人民生活進一步改善。城鎮新增就業１１１３萬人；城鎮居民人均可支配收入１５７８１元，農村居民人均純收入４７６１元，實際增長８．４％和８％。

-Great victories were won in the fight against massive natural disasters.The Beijing Olympics and Paralympics were held successfully, and the Shenzhou VII manned space mission was a complete success.——全面奪取抗擊特大自然災害的重大勝利。成功舉辦北京奧運會、殘奧會。圓滿完成神舟七號載人航天飛行。

These achievements signify that we have taken new and solid steps along the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics.They have greatly fortified the courage and strength of the people of all our ethnic groups to surmount difficulties and will definitely encourage us to bravely forge ahead on the new historical course.這些成就，標志著我們在中國特色社會主義道路上邁出新的堅實步伐，極大地增強了全國各族人民戰勝困難的勇氣和力量，必將激勵我們在新的歷史征程上繼續奮勇前進。2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)Last year, we accomplished the following important work: 一年來，我們做了以下主要工作：

1.Making timely and resolute adjustments to macroeconomic policies and doing everything possible to maintain steady and rapid economic development

（一）及時果斷調整宏觀經濟政策，全力保持經濟平穩較快發展

We maintained the right direction, focus, intensity and pace of macro control, and adopted a series of policies and measures to promote steady and rapid economic development.In a complex and volatile situation, we actively responded to the severe impact of the global financial crisis and worked hard to make our macro control more proactive, targeted and effective.In the middle of the year, when energy and grain prices on the international market were high, world economic growth slowed, and exports from and economic growth in China's coastal regions began to decline, we promptly shifted the priority of macro control to maintaining steady and rapid economic development and controlling price hikes, and adopted relevant fiscal, taxation and financial measures.In September, the international economic situation started to deteriorate sharply and its negative impact became increasingly felt in China.We again resolutely shifted the focus of macro control to preventing economic growth from slowing down too quickly.We implemented a proactive fiscal policy and a moderately easy monetary policy.We raised export rebate rates three times, lowered the benchmark interest rates on savings and loans for financial institutions on five occasions, reduced required reserve ratios four times, suspended the individual income tax on interest earnings from savings, reduced securities transaction stamp tax rates, cut taxes and fees on housing transactions, and increased credit support to small and medium-sized enterprises.In accordance with the requirement that we act fast, be forceful, take targeted measures and stress implementation, we promptly introduced ten measures to further boost domestic demand and promote economic growth, and implemented them without delay.We adopted a succession of policies and measures to encourage financial institutions to support economic development, promote sound development of the textile and other light industries and the real estate market, expand consumption by improving distribution, maintain steady growth in foreign trade, and keep the employment situation stable.At the same time, we stepped up efforts to formulate plans for restructuring and revitalizing key industries.Together, these measures have played a crucial role in alleviating serious problems affecting economic performance, enhancing confidence, stabilizing expectations and maintaining steady and rapid economic development.我們正確把握宏觀調控的方向、重點、力度和節奏，采取一系列促進經濟平穩較快發展的政策措施，在復雜多變的形勢下，積極應對國際金融危機的嚴重沖擊，努力增強調控的預見性、針對性和有效性。年中，在國際能源和糧食價格處于高位、世界經濟增長放緩的情況下，針對沿海地區出現出口和經濟增速下滑苗頭，及時把宏觀調控的首要任務調整為“保持經濟平穩較快發展，控制物價過快上 2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)漲”，并采取了一些有針對性的財稅金融措施。９月份后，國際經濟形勢急轉直下，對我國的不利影響明顯加重，我們又果斷地把宏觀調控的著力點轉到防止經濟增速過快下滑上來，實施積極的財政政策和適度寬松的貨幣政策，三次提高出口退稅率，五次下調金融機構存貸款基準利率，四次下調存款準備金率，暫免儲蓄存款利息個人所得稅，下調證券交易印花稅，降低住房交易稅費，加大對中小企業信貸支持。按照出手要快、出拳要重、措施要準、工作要實的要求，迅速推出進一步擴大內需、促進經濟增長的十項措施，爭分奪秒地加以落實；接連出臺金融支持經濟發展、促進輕紡工業健康發展、促進房地產市場健康發展、搞活流通擴大消費和保持對外貿易穩定增長、穩定就業等政策措施，加快制定重點產業調整振興規劃。這些措施對緩解經濟運行中的突出矛盾、增強信心、穩定預期、保持經濟平穩較快發展，發揮了至關重要的作用。

We continued to strengthen our work related to agriculture, rural areas and farmers without any letup.Central government budgetary spending on agriculture, rural areas and farmers was 595.5 billion yuan for the whole year, a year-on-year increase of 163.7 billion yuan or 37.9%.This included 103 billion yuan, twice the figure for the previous year, in direct subsidies to grain producers, general subsidies for agricultural production supplies, and subsidies for superior crop varieties and the purchase of agricultural machinery and tools.We significantly raised minimum grain purchase prices three times, with the total increase exceeding 20%.We implemented a temporary policy for purchasing and stockpiling major agricultural products.We intensified the protection of arable land and the construction of agricultural water conservancy projects, and increased overall agricultural production capacity.We supported the production of hogs, oilseeds and dairy products.These policies and measures played an important role in maintaining and stimulating the enthusiasm of farmers, ensuring the supply of major farm products and increasing rural incomes, and provided strong support for maintaining overall stability in economic and social development.毫不放松地加強“三農”工作。全年中央財政用于“三農”的投入５９５５億元，比上年增加１６３７億元，增長３７．９％，其中糧食直補、農資綜合補貼、良種補貼、農機具購置補貼資金達１０３０億元，比上年增長一倍。三次較大幅度提高糧食最低收購價，提價幅度超過２０％。實施主要農產品臨時收儲政策。加強耕地保護和農田水利建設，提高農業綜合生產能力。扶持生豬、油料、奶業發展。這些政策措施在保護和調動農民積極性、保障重要農產品供給、增加農民收入方面發揮了重要作用，為穩定經濟社會發展全局提供了有力支撐。

We unswervingly promoted independent innovation and economic restructuring.We launched 16 major national science and technology projects, and established a number of new national engineering centers, key laboratories and enterprise technology centers in such fields as information technology, biotechnology and environmental protection.We successfully developed a number of key technologies and major equipment in the areas of regional aircraft, automobiles powered by new energy sources and high-speed railways.The central government invested 116.3 2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)billion yuan in science and technology, an increase of 16.4%.Significant steps were taken in reorganization of the telecommunications and civil aviation industries.We continued to eliminate backward production facilities.Last year, we shut down small thermal power plants with a total capacity of 16.69 million kilowatts and closed 1,054 small coalmines.Investment in infrastructure and basic industries was increased, and a number of major projects in energy, transportation and water conservancy were completed or launched.Steady progress was made in implementing the master strategy for regional development, and economic development in different regions became better coordinated.堅定不移地推進自主創新和經濟結構調整。實施１６個國家重大科技專項。在信息、生物、環保等領域新建一批國家工程中心、重點實驗室和企業技術中心。成功研發支線飛機、新能源汽車、高速鐵路等一批關鍵技術和重大裝備。中央財政科技投入１１６３億元，增長１６．４％。電信、航空等行業重組邁出重要步伐。繼續淘汰落后產能，全年關停小火電１６６９萬千瓦，關閉小煤礦１０５４處。加大基礎設施和基礎產業投資力度，在能源、交通、水利等方面建成和開工一批重大項目。扎實推進區域發展總體戰略，區域經濟發展協調性增強。

We steadfastly promoted energy conservation, emissions reduction and ecological and environmental protection.The central government allocated 42.3 billion yuan to support development of ten key energy conservation projects and environmental protection facilities.The daily sewage treatment capacity rose by an additional 11.49 million tons in urban areas, and desulfurization equipment was installed in coal-fired power plants with a total capacity of 97.12 million kilowatts.Energy consumption per unit of GDP fell by 4.59% from the previous year;chemical oxygen demand fell by 4.42%;and sulfur dioxide emissions fell by 5.95%.For the past three years combined, total energy consumption per unit of GDP dropped by 10.08%;chemical oxygen demand dropped by 6.61%;and sulfur dioxide emissions dropped by 8.95%.We built on the achievements in returning farmland to forests and restoring livestock pastures to grasslands, and carried out ecological conservation projects such as protecting virgin forests and developing the Sanjiangyuan Nature Reserve in Qinghai Province.We implemented the plan to prevent and control water pollution in major river valleys and regions and issued the white paper China's Policies and Actions for Addressing Climate Change.堅持不懈地推動節能減排和生態環境保護。中央財政安排４２３億元資金，支持十大重點節能工程和環保設施等項目建設。全國新增城市污水日處理能力１１４９萬噸，新增燃煤脫硫機組容量９７１２萬千瓦。單位國內生產總值能耗比上年下降４．５９％，化學需氧量、二氧化硫排放量分別減少４．４２％和５．９５％。近三年累計，單位國內生產總值能耗下降１０．０８％，化學需氧量、二氧化硫排放量分別減少６．６１％和８．９５％。鞏固退耕還林還草成果，推進天然林、青海三江源等生態保護和建設工程。實施重點流域、區域水污染防治規劃。發布了《中國應對氣候變化的政策與行動》白皮書。2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)

2.Balancing economic and social development and strengthening all aspects of social development with the focus on improving people's lives

（二）統籌經濟社會發展，全面加強以改善民生為重點的社會建設

Efforts were intensified to increase employment and improve the social safety net.We improved our policy to stimulate and expand employment by encouraging business startups, and enforced the minimum wage system.The coverage of all social security schemes continued to expand, with 17.53 million more urban workers subscribing to basic old-age insurance, 20.28 million more subscribing to basic medical insurance, and the unemployment, workers' compensation and maternity insurance steadily expanding to cover more workers.Pensions of enterprise retirees rose by 110 yuan per month per person.We launched trials to reform the basic old-age insurance system for employees of government-affiliated institutions.We actively explored ways to establish a new system of old-age insurance for rural residents and made steady progress in making social security available to rural migrant workers in urban areas and farmers whose land has been expropriated.We comprehensively improved the system of cost of living allowances for both urban and rural residents, and provided allowances to 66.19 million residents.We raised living allowances for low-income groups and university students in a timely fashion.Preferential treatment enjoyed by key entitled groups was increased substantially.We intensified efforts to develop low-income housing and renovate shantytowns, thus alleviating some of the housing difficulties of the low-income population.An additional of more than 48 million rural people gained access to safe drinking water.就業和社會保障工作進一步加強。完善促進就業、以創業帶動就業的政策，落實最低工資制度。各項社會保險覆蓋面繼續擴大，城鎮職工基本養老保險、基本醫療保險參保人數分別增加１７５３萬和２０２８萬，失業、工傷、生育保險參保人數繼續增加。企業退休人員養老金人均每月新增１１０元。啟動事業單位基本養老保險制度改革試點。積極探索建立新型農村社會養老保險制度，農民工、被征地農民社會保障工作穩步推進。全面加強城鄉居民最低生活保障制度建設，救助人數達到６６１９萬人。及時增加對低收入群體和大學生的生活補貼。大幅度提高重點優撫對象的撫恤優待標準。加大保障性住房建設和棚戶區改造力度，低收入群眾住房困難問題得到一定程度緩解。解決４８００多萬農村人口的飲水安全問題。

Further progress was made in promoting fair education for all.Free compulsory education became available to all students, urban or rural, throughout the country, and all rural students receiving compulsory education obtained free textbooks.The standards for repairing and renovating school buildings in the central and western regions were raised, and the government allocated 3.25 billion yuan to provide heating to rural primary and secondary schools in the north.Development of vocational education was accelerated.The national financial aid system for students 2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)was further improved.The central government spent 22.3 billion yuan and local governments increased funding as well to assist more than 20 million students.Grants of 1,500 yuan per student per annum were given to secondary vocational school students from rural areas or needy urban families, benefiting 90% of the current student population in these vocational schools.促進教育公平取得新進展。全面實行城鄉免費義務教育，對所有農村義務教育階段學生免費提供教科書。提高中西部地區校舍維修標準，國家財政安排３２．５億元幫助解決北方農村中小學取暖問題。職業教育加快發展。國家助學制度進一步完善，中央財政投入２２３億元，地方財政也加大投入，資助學生超過２０００萬人；向中等職業學校中來自城市經濟困難家庭和農村的學生提供助學金，每人每年１５００元，惠及９０％的在校生。

Steady progress was made in reform and development of the pharmaceutical and health care system.A total of 814 million people, accounting for 91.5% of the rural population, now benefit from the new type of rural cooperative medical care system.The number of selected cities participating in trials of the basic medical insurance system for urban residents increased from 88 to 317, and the number of participating individuals increased by 73.59 million to 117 million.Significant progress was made in developing a system of community-based health services in urban areas.We continued to expand the coverage of the reward and assistance system for rural families complying with family planning regulations, and implemented the “lower birthrate equals faster prosperity” program in more places in the countryside.醫藥衛生改革發展穩步推進。參加新型農村合作醫療的人口８．１４億，參合率９１．５％。城鎮居民基本醫療保險試點城市由上年的８８個增加到３１７個，參保人數增加７３５９萬，總計達到１．１７億。城市社區衛生服務體系建設取得重大進展。農村計劃生育家庭獎勵扶助制度和少生快富工程實施范圍繼續擴大。

We accelerated the development of culture and sports.Public cultural infrastructure facilities were improved, the cultural industries developed rapidly, and reform of the cultural management system was constantly deepened.We mobilized all resources and hosted a distinctive and high-level Beijing Olympicsand Paralympics, thus fulfilling the century-old dream of the Chinese nation, and Chinese athletes competed hard and brave and scored excellent achievements in the Games.This greatly aroused the patriotism of all our people and strengthened the cohesiveness of our nation.文化體育事業加快發展。公共文化基礎設施建設得到加強，文化產業快速發展，文化體制改革不斷深化。全力舉辦了有特色、高水平的北京奧運會、殘奧會，實現了中華民族的百年夢想；中國運動員頑強拼搏，取得優異成績，這極大地激發了全國人民的愛國熱情，增強了民族凝聚力。2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)We continued to strengthen democracy and the legal system.The system of local-level democracy was further improved.Significant progress was made in enhancing law-based government.Last year, the State Council submitted eight bills, including a draft of the Social Insurance Law and draft amendments to the Law on Protecting Against and Mitigating Earthquake Disasters, to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress for deliberation.It also formulated or revised 30 administrative laws and regulations.The Regulations on Making Government Information Public was fully implemented.The public security system for crime prevention and control was strengthened.We battled against secessionist and terrorist activities, protected China's national security and maintained social stability.Our work related to ethnic minority, religious and overseas Chinese affairs further improved.民主法制建設繼續加強。基層民主制度進一步健全。依法行政深入推進。國務院提請全國人大常委會審議了社會保險法、防震減災法等８件法律議案，制定或修訂了３０件行政法規。全面實施政府信息公開條例。加強社會治安防控體系建設，開展反分裂、反恐怖斗爭，維護了國家安全和社會穩定。民族、宗教、僑務工作進一步加強。

3.Vigorously advancing reform and opening up and injecting fresh vitality and impetus into economic and social development

（三）積極推進改革開放，為經濟社會發展注入新的活力和動力

Institutional restructuring of the State Council was basically completed and that of local governments is progressing steadily.Comprehensive rural reforms continued to deepen, and reform of collective forest rights was instituted throughout the country.SOE reform was deepened.The transformation of the Agricultural Bank of China and China Development Bank into joint stock companies proceeded smoothly.The new Law on Corporate Income Tax went into effect, and real estate taxes were unified for domestic and overseas-funded enterprises and Chinese and foreign individuals.After years of deliberation, reform in pricing, taxes and fees for refined petroleum products was smoothly introduced.Aplan for reform of the pharmaceutical and health care system was devised and referred to the general public for comments.These innovations in systems and mechanisms have laid a solid foundation for our long-term development.國務院機構改革基本完成，地方機構改革穩步推進。農村綜合改革繼續深化，集體林權制度改革全面推開。國有企業改革不斷深化。中國農業銀行和國家開發銀行股份制改革順利進行。實施新的企業所得稅法，統一內外資企業和個人房地產稅收制度。醞釀多年的成品油價格和稅費改革順利推出。制定醫藥衛生體制改革方案并公開征求意見。體制機制創新為長遠發展奠定了堅實基礎。2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)The country opened wider to the outside world.We vigorously implemented the strategy of competing on quality and diversifying export markets.We increased efforts to establish innovation bases to invigorate trade through science and technology and bases for providing services outsourced from other countries.We supported the export of products with Chinese trademarks and intellectual property rights.We improved the policy system for the processing trade.We steadily opened service industries wider to the outside world and provided more guidance to orient foreign investment in China.We integrated existing funds and set up new ones designed to promote external economic and technological cooperation.We promulgated regulations on managing overseas contracted projects and rectified the system of administration of cooperative overseas labor services.We actively promoted energy and resources cooperation overseas, further expanded our assistances to other countries, and the pace of enterprises going global was accelerated.Further progress was made in the development of free trade zones, and in our economic dialogues with major trading partners and mutually beneficial cooperation with other developing countries.對外開放水平繼續提高。大力實施以質取勝和出口市場多元化戰略。加強科技興貿創新基地和服務外包基地建設，支持自主品牌和自主知識產權產品出口。完善加工貿易政策體系。穩步擴大服務業對外開放，加強對外商投資方向的引導。整合建立新的對外經濟技術合作專項資金，發布對外承包工程管理條例，理順對外勞務合作管理體制。積極推進境外能源資源合作，企業“走出去”步伐加快，對外援助進一步擴大。自由貿易區建設、與主要經貿伙伴的經濟對話、同發展中國家的互利合作取得新進展。

Fellow Deputies, 各位代表！

A massive earthquake that shocked the world struck Wenchuan on May 12.Under the firm leadership of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, people of all ethnic groups in China, especially in the quake zone, worked as one and fought in unison against the earthquake disaster.The people's army rushed to the frontlines without thinking of their own safety.We launched an earthquake rescue and relief operation that accomplished its work faster, mobilized more personnel and committed more resources than ever before in China's history.We steadfastly gave top priority to saving people's lives.We pulled 84,000 survivors out of the rubble.We promptly repaired damaged infrastructure, and resolutely unblocked the Mount Tangjia quake lake to avert potential secondary disasters.We did our utmost to prevent an epidemic from occurring and ensured that there was no major outbreak of diseases after the deadly earthquake.The central government allocated 38.4 billion yuan for quake relief and 74 billion yuan for post-earthquake recovery and reconstruction.We promptly introduced a host of policies and measures to support the quake zone.We energetically organized one-to-one assistance to designated areas affected by the earthquake.People from all sectors of society in China made generous 2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)donations, both in cash and in kind;our compatriots in Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan as well as overseas Chinese contributed generously to the disaster relief campaign;and the international community provided us with earthquake rescue and relief assistance.All this combined to forma boundless source of strength for the Chinese people to overcome the disaster.This hard struggle against the earthquake produced uncountable touching and brave exploits and fully demonstrated the great indomitable and unyielding spirit of the Chinese people, thus writing a heroic chapter in the history of the nation.去年５月１２日，我國發生震驚世界的汶川特大地震。在黨中央、國務院堅強領導下，全國各族人民特別是災區人民萬眾一心、眾志成城，人民子弟兵舍生忘死、沖鋒在前，展開了我國歷史上救援速度最快、動員范圍最廣、投入力量最大的抗震救災斗爭。我們堅持把搶救人的生命放在第一位，從廢墟中搶救生還者８．４萬人。迅速搶修基礎設施，果斷處置唐家山堰塞湖，避免嚴重次生災害發生；全力開展防疫工作，實現了大災之后無大疫。中央財政安排３８４億元救災款和７４０億元恢復重建資金，迅速出臺一系列支援災區的政策措施。積極開展對口支援。社會各界踴躍捐助款物，廣大香港同胞、澳門同胞、臺灣同胞以及海外華僑華人奉獻愛心，國際社會伸出援手，匯成了齊心協力抗擊災害的磅礴力量。這場艱苦卓絕的抗震救災斗爭，涌現出無數感天動地、可歌可泣的英雄事跡，充分展現了中國人民不屈不撓、自強不息的偉大民族精神，譜寫了氣壯山河的壯麗篇章。

None of the achievements we made last year came easily.They were the result of overall planning and correct leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Hu Jintao as General Secretary, as well as the concerted and strenuous efforts of the whole Party, the entire army and the people of all our ethnic groups.On behalf of the State Council, I hereby express our sincere gratitude to the people of all our ethnic groups and to the democratic parties, mass organizations and people from all sectors of society.I also express our sincere thanks to compatriots in the Hong Kong and Macao Special Administrative Regions and Taiwan and to overseas Chinese, as well as to foreign governments, international organizations and friends in other countries that take an interest in and support China's modernization drive.過去一年的成就來之不易。這是以胡錦濤同志為總書記的黨中央統攬全局、正確領導的結果，是全黨全軍全國各族人民同心同德、團結奮斗的結果。在這里，我代表國務院，向全國各族人民，向各民主黨派、各人民團體和各界人士，表示誠摯的感謝！向香港特別行政區同胞、澳門特別行政區同胞、臺灣同胞和海外僑胞，表示誠摯的感謝！向關心和支持中國現代化建設的各國政府、國際組織和各國朋友，表示誠摯的感謝！

While acknowledging our achievements, we must be clearly aware that we face unprecedented difficulties and challenges.在肯定成績的同時，也要清醒地看到，我們正面臨前所未有的困難和挑戰。2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)

First, the global financial crisis continues to spread and get worse.Demand continues to shrink on international markets;the trend toward global deflation is obvious;and trade protectionism is resurging.The external economic environment has become more serious, and uncertainties have increased significantly.一是國際金融危機還在蔓延、仍未見底。國際市場需求繼續萎縮，全球通貨緊縮趨勢明顯，貿易保護主義抬頭，外部經濟環境更加嚴峻，不確定因素顯著增多。

Second, continuous drop in economic growth rate due to the impact of the global financial crisis has become a major problem affecting the overall situation.This has resulted in excess production capacity in some industries, caused some enterprises to experience operating difficulties and exerted severe pressure on employment.Factors leading to decline in government revenues and increase in government expenditures have increased.It has become more difficult to maintain steady agricultural development and keep rural incomes growing.二是受國際金融危機影響，經濟增速持續下滑，已成為影響全局的主要矛盾。一些行業產能過剩，部分企業經營困難，就業形勢十分嚴峻，財政減收增支因素增多，農業穩定發展、農民持續增收難度加大。

Third, institutional and structural problems that have long hindered healthy economic development still remain, and some of them are still prominent.Consumption demand is insufficient, and development of tertiary industries is sluggish.Our capacity for independent innovation is weak.Consumption of energy and other resources is high.Environmental pollution is serious.Disparities in development between urban and rural areas and between regions are widening.三是長期制約我國經濟健康發展的體制性、結構性矛盾依然存在，有的還很突出。消費需求不足，第三產業發展滯后，自主創新能力不強，能源資源消耗多，環境污染重，城鄉、區域發展差距仍在擴大。

Fourth, some problems affecting the vital interests of the people have not been fundamentally alleviated.There are still many problems demanding urgent solution in the areas of social security, education, health care, income distribution and public security.四是一些涉及人民群眾切身利益的問題沒有根本緩解，社會保障、教育、醫療、收入分配、社會治安等方面存在不少亟待解決的問題。

Fifth, order in the market is not well standardized;market oversight and law enforcement are not fully in place, and the social credit rating system is still in need of improvement.A number of serious and major incidents concerning food and 2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)workplace safety have occurred, which have inflicted serious loss of life and property on the people and taught us a sobering lesson.五是市場秩序不規范，市場監管和執法不到位，社會誠信體系不健全。食品安全事件和安全生產重特大事故接連發生，給人民群眾生命財產造成重大損失，教訓十分深刻。

We need to thoroughly appreciate how serious and complex the international and domestic economic situations are, be more mindful of potential perils and crises, fully exploit favorable conditions and actively respond to all challenges so that we can successfully accomplish all our tasks and prove worthy of the great expectations and trust conferred on us by the people.我們一定要深刻認識國際國內經濟形勢的嚴峻性和復雜性，增強危機意識和憂患意識，充分利用有利條件，積極應對各種挑戰，努力做好各項工作，絕不辜負人民的期望和重托。

II.General Plan for the Work in 2009

二、２００９年工作總體部署

This year is crucial for the implementation of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan.It will also be the most difficult year for China's economic development since the beginning of the 21st century.We face arduous tasks in promoting reform, development and stability.今年是實施“十一五”規劃的關鍵之年，也是進入新世紀以來我國經濟發展最為困難的一年，改革發展穩定的任務十分繁重。

An analysis of the overall international and domestic situations shows that China is still in an important period of strategic opportunities.Challenges and opportunities coexist, as do hardships and hopes.Neither the fundamentals of China's economic and social development nor its positive long-term trend has changed.We are fully confident that we will overcome difficulties and challenges, and we have the conditions and ability to do so.Our confidence and strength come from many sources: from the scientific judgment and correct grasp of the situation of the central leadership;from the policies and measures that have been formulated and implemented to respond to challenges and promote long-term development;from the huge demand generated by the development of infrastructure, the upgrading of the industrial structure and consumption patterns, environmental protection, and the development of the ecosystem and social programs in the rapid process of industrialization and urbanization;from the support of such factors as our ample capital and labor resources, our sound financial system in smooth operation, vigorous enterprises and flexible macro control policies;from our material, scientific and technological base and institutional conditions that have been created in the 30 years 2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)of reform and opening up;from our unique political and institutional advantages that enable us to mobilize resources to accomplish large undertakings, the stable, harmonious social environment we enjoy, and the enthusiasm and creativity of the whole nation from top to bottom to promote scientific development;and from the powerful spirit of the Chinese nation, which always works hard and persistently to make the country strong.As long as we closely follow the Party's leadership and firmly rely on the people of all our ethnic groups, we will be able to overcome any difficulties, minimize the adverse impact of the global financial crisis and promote sound and rapid economic and social development.綜觀國際國內形勢，我國仍處于重要戰略機遇期。挑戰與機遇并存，困難與希望同在。我國經濟社會發展的基本面和長期向好的趨勢沒有改變。我們完全有信心、有條件、有能力克服困難，戰勝挑戰。我們的信心和力量，來自中央對形勢的科學判斷和準確把握；來自已經制定并實施的應對挑戰、著眼長遠的一系列政策舉措；來自工業化、城鎮化快速推進中的基礎設施建設、產業結構和消費結構升級、環境保護、生態建設和社會事業發展等方面的巨大需求；來自充裕的資金、豐富的勞動力資源等要素支撐；來自運行穩健的金融體系、活力增強的各類企業和富于彈性的宏觀調控政策；來自改革開放３０年建立的物質、科技基礎和體制條件；來自集中力量辦大事的政治和制度優勢、和諧安定的社會環境以及全國上下促進科學發展的積極性、創造性；來自中華民族堅忍不拔、發憤圖強的偉大精神力量。只要我們緊緊依靠黨的領導和全國各族人民，就沒有克服不了的困難，就一定能夠把國際金融危機的不利影響降到最低程度，就一定能夠推動經濟社會又好又快發展。

To carry out the work of the government well this year, we must hold high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics, take Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of Three Represents as our guide, and thoroughly apply the Scientific Outlook on Development.We need to make ensuring steady and rapid economic development the main task of our economic work.We need to strengthen and improve macroeconomic control, vigorously expand domestic demand, particularly consumer demand, change the pattern of development and speed up strategic economic restructuring, and deepen reform and improve our work of opening to the outside world.We need to improve the people's lives, increase social harmony and promote all-round progress in socialist economic, political, cultural, social and ecological development.做好今年的政府工作，要高舉中國特色社會主義偉大旗幟，以鄧小平理論和“三個代表”重要思想為指導，深入貫徹落實科學發展觀，把保持經濟平穩較快發展作為經濟工作的首要任務，加強和改善宏觀調控，著力擴大國內需求特別是消費需求，著力轉變發展方式、加快經濟結構戰略性調整，著力深化改革、提高對外開放水平，著力改善民生促進社會和諧，全面推進社會主義經濟建設、政治建設、文化建設、社會建設以及生態文明建設。

We have set the following major targets for this year's national economic and social development: GDP will grow by about 8%;the economic structure will further 2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)improve;urban employment will increase by more than nine million persons;the urban registered unemployment rate will be held under 4.6%, urban and rural incomes will grow steadily;the rise in the CPI will be around 4%;and the balance of payments will continue to improve.It needs to be stressed that in projecting the GDP growth target at about 8%, we have taken into consideration both our need and ability to sustain development.In China, a developing country with a population of 1.3 billion, maintaining a certain growth rate for the economy is essential for expanding employment for both urban and rural residents, increasing people's incomes and ensuring social stability.As long as we adopt the right policies and appropriate measures and implement them effectively, we will be able to achieve this target.今年國民經濟和社會發展的主要預期目標是：國內生產總值增長８％左右，經濟結構進一步優化；城鎮新增就業９００萬人以上，城鎮登記失業率４．６％以內；城鄉居民收入穩定增長；居民消費價格總水平漲幅４％左右；國際收支狀況繼續改善。這里要著重說明，提出８％左右的國內生產總值增長目標，綜合考慮了發展的需要和可能。在我們這樣一個１３億人口的發展中國家，要擴大城鄉就業，增加居民收入，維護社會穩定，就必須保持一定的經濟增長速度。只要政策對頭，措施得當，落實有力，就有可能實現這一目標。

To ensure success of the government's work this year, we must act on the following principles.做好今年政府工作，必須把握好以下原則：

First, we must boost domestic demand to sustain economic growth.We need to steadfastly take reversing the downward trend in economic growth as the primary goal of macro control, and make boosting domestic demand a long-term strategic principle and a basic point of departure for stimulating economic growth.We will work to increase effective demand, shore up weak links, and give full play to the leading role of domestic demand, particularly consumer demand, in driving economic growth.一是擴內需、保增長。堅持把扭轉經濟增速下滑趨勢作為宏觀調控最重要的目標，把擴大國內需求作為促進經濟增長的長期戰略方針和根本著力點，增加有效需求，加強薄弱環節，充分發揮內需特別是消費需求拉動經濟增長的主導作用。

Second, we must adjust the structure of the economy to raise it to a higher level of development.In changing the pattern of development, we will continue to focus on economic restructuring and independent innovation.We will turn pressure into impetus for growth, unwaveringly protect and develop advanced productive forces, shut down backward production facilities, integrate factors of production and create more room for development.We will balance our efforts to sustain economic growth, adjust the structure and improve economic performance to raise the overall quality of the national economy and strengthen the basis for its further development.2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)二是調結構、上水平。堅持把推進經濟結構調整和自主創新作為轉變發展方式的主攻方向，變壓力為動力，堅定不移地保護和發展先進生產力，淘汰落后產能，整合生產要素，拓展發展空間，實現保增長和調結構、增效益相統一，增強國民經濟整體素質和發展后勁。

Third, we must press ahead with reform to make the economy more vigorous.We will continue to take deepening reform and opening up as the fundamental driving force for promoting scientific development.We need to further emancipate our minds, intensify reform in major areas and key links, eliminate obstacles embedded in systems and mechanisms and stimulate greater creativity for development.三是抓改革、增活力。堅持把深化改革開放作為促進科學發展的根本動力，進一步解放思想，加大重點領域和關鍵環節改革力度，消除體制機制障礙，激發創造活力。

Fourth, we must give top priority to ensuring people's well-being and promote social harmony.The more difficulties we face, the greater attention we should pay to ensuring people's well-being and promoting social harmony and stability.We will continue to ensure that maintaining and improving people's lives is always the starting and end point of our economic work.We will implement an even more proactive employment policy and closely integrate efforts to stimulate growth with efforts to expand employment and improve people's lives in order to ensure that all of the people share in the fruits of reform and development.四是重民生、促和諧。越是困難的時候，越要關注民生，越要促進社會和諧穩定。堅持把保障和改善民生作為經濟工作的出發點和落腳點，實行更加積極的就業政策，把促進增長與擴大就業、改善民生緊密結合起來，讓人民群眾共享改革發展的成果。

III.Major Tasks for 2009

三、２００９年主要任務

This year, our government work will give high priority to dealing with the global financial crisis and promoting steady and rapid economic development.We will take a coordinated approach, stress key areas, and fully implement a package plan to ensure steady and rapid economic development.We will dramatically increase government investment by launching a four trillion yuan two-year investment plan, for which the central government has pledged 1.18 trillion yuan, and implement a structural tax reduction in order to stimulate domestic demand.We will also implement a massive plan to adjust and reinvigorate industries to raise the overall competitiveness of the economy;vigorously promote independent innovation and provide scientific and technological support to increase the sustaining power of development;and significantly increase social security benefits, expand urban and rural employment and promote development of social programs.To implement this package plan, we 2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)will concentrate our efforts on the following seven areas.今年的政府工作，要以應對國際金融危機、促進經濟平穩較快發展為主線，統籌兼顧，突出重點，全面實施促進經濟平穩較快發展的一攬子計劃。大規模增加政府投資，實施總額４萬億元的兩年投資計劃，其中中央政府擬新增１．１８萬億元，實行結構性減稅，擴大國內需求；大范圍實施調整振興產業規劃，提高國民經濟整體競爭力；大力推進自主創新，加強科技支撐，增強發展后勁；大幅度提高社會保障水平，擴大城鄉就業，促進社會事業發展。以實施一攬子計劃為重點，今年要著力抓好以下七方面工作：

1.Improving and strengthening macro control and maintaining steady and rapid economic development

（一）加強和改善宏觀調控，保持經濟平穩較快發展

We need to adhere to a flexible and prudent control policy to make our macro control more responsive to changes and more results-oriented.We will reverse the slowdown in economic growth as soon as possible and maintain steady and rapid economic development.要堅持靈活審慎的調控方針，提高宏觀調控的應變能力和實際效果，盡快扭轉經濟增速下滑趨勢，保持經濟平穩較快發展。

We will implement a proactive fiscal policy.實施積極的財政政策。

First, we will significantly increase government spending.This is the most active, direct and efficient way we can expand domestic demand.There will be a large discrepancy between government revenues and expenditures this year.On the one hand, a slowdown in economic growth and the reduction of tax burdens on enterprises and individuals will inevitably slow the growth of government revenues.On the other hand, we must significantly increase investment and government expenditures to stimulate economic growth, improve people's lives and deepen reform.To cover the shortfall arising from the decline in government revenues and growth in expenditures, we have set this year's central government deficit at 750 billion yuan, 570 billion yuan more than last year.In addition, the State Council will allow local governments to issue 200 billion yuan worth of government bonds through the Ministry of Finance, which will go into provincial budgets.These will add up to a 950 billion yuan deficit, accounting for less than 3% of the GDP.Although the deficit will increase significantly this year, the constant drop in government deficits in previous years provides room to issue more bonds this year, and the ratio of the cumulative balance of outstanding government bonds to GDP, which is around 20%, is within the acceptable range of what our overall national strength can bear and is therefore safe.2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)

一是大幅度增加政府支出，這是擴大內需最主動、最直接、最有效的措施。今年財政收支緊張的矛盾十分突出。一方面，經濟增速放緩、減輕企業和居民稅負必然會使財政收入增速下降；另一方面，為刺激經濟增長、改善民生和深化改革，又需要大幅度增加投資和政府支出。為彌補財政減收增支形成的缺口，擬安排中央財政赤字７５００億元，比上年增加５７００億元，同時國務院同意地方發行２０００億元債券，由財政部代理發行，列入省級預算管理。全國財政赤字合計９５００億元，占國內生產總值比重在３％以內，雖然當年赤字增加較多，但由于前幾年連續減少赤字，發債空間較大，累計國債余額占國內生產總值比重２０％左右，這是我國綜合國力可以承受的，總體上也是安全的。

Second, we will carry out structural tax reduction and promote reform of taxes and fees.We will reduce tax burdens on enterprises and individuals by a variety of means such as tax cuts, rebates and exemptions to encourage enterprise investment and consumer spending and invigorate the micro-economy.Preliminary calculations indicate that the burdens on enterprises and individuals will fall by approximately 500 billion yuan this year as the result of comprehensively carrying out VAT reform;implementing existing preferential tax policies on small and medium-sized enterprises, the real estate industry and securities transactions and export rebate policies;and rescinding or suspending 100 administrative charges.二是實行結構性減稅和推進稅費改革。采取減稅、退稅或抵免稅等多種方式減輕企業和居民稅負，促進企業投資和居民消費，增強微觀經濟活力。初步測算，今年全面實施增值稅轉型，落實已出臺的中小企業、房地產和證券交易相關稅收優惠以及出口退稅等方面政策，加上取消和停征１００項行政事業性收費，可減輕企業和居民負擔約５０００億元。

Third, we will optimize the structure of government expenditures.We will continue to increase investment in key areas, strictly control regular expenditures, and do everything we can to reduce administrative costs.三是優化財政支出結構。繼續加大對重點領域投入，嚴格控制一般性開支，努力降低行政成本。

We will follow a moderately easy monetary policy and give monetary policy a more active role to play in promoting economic growth.實施適度寬松的貨幣政策。貨幣政策要在促進經濟增長方面發揮更加積極的作用。

First, we will improve financial control.We will increase the broad money supply by about 17% and grant over five trillion yuan in additional loans to ensure that the supply of money and credit meets the requirements of economic development.2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)一是改善金融調控。保證貨幣信貸總量滿足經濟發展需求，廣義貨幣增長１７％左右，新增貸款５萬億元以上。

Second, we will improve the credit structure.We will strengthen monitoring and guidance of the flow of credit, increase financial support for weak links such as agriculture, rural areas and farmers as well as small and medium-sized enterprises, and effectively resolve the problem some businesses have in getting financing.We will strictly control lending to industries and enterprises that are energy intensive or highly polluting or have excess production capacity.二是優化信貸結構。加強對信貸投向的監測和指導，加大對“三農”、中小企業等薄弱環節的金融支持，切實解決一些企業融資難問題。嚴格控制對高耗能、高污染和產能過剩行業企業的貸款。

Third, we will improve the mechanism for transmitting monetary policy and guarantee the smooth flow of funds.We will make full use of the advantages and special features of all kinds of financial institutions, innovate and improve financial services, satisfy reasonable requests for financing, and create a synergy for finance to promote economic development.三是進一步理順貨幣政策傳導機制，保證資金渠道暢通。充分發揮各類金融機構的優勢和特點，創新和改進金融服務，滿足合理資金需求，形成金融促進經濟發展的合力。

Fourth, we will strengthen and improve financial oversight and supervision.All kinds of financial enterprises need to strengthen risk management and become better able to withstand risks.We will ensure that there is a proper balance between innovation, opening up, and oversight and supervision in the financial sector.We will strengthen monitoring and supervision of cross-border capital flows and maintain financial stability and security.四是加強和改進金融監管。各類金融企業都要加強風險管理，增強抵御風險能力。處理好金融創新、金融開放與金融監管的關系。加強跨境資本流動監測和管理，維護金融穩定和安全。

We need to make our fiscal and monetary policies more consistent and coordinated with our industrial, trade, land, investment and employment policies to create a control synergy.要加強產業、貿易、土地、投資、就業政策與財政、貨幣政策的一致性和協調性，形成調控合力。

2.Actively boosting domestic demand, especially consumer demand, and strengthening the role of domestic demand in driving economic growth 2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)

（二）積極擴大國內需求特別是消費需求，增強內需對經濟增長的拉動作用

First, we will expand consumption, especially individual consumption.We will continue to adjust income distribution, raise the proportion of the national income that goes to wages, increase the proportion of government spending dedicated to improving people's lives and expanding consumption, and increase subsidies to farmers and low-income urban residents.We need to cultivate areas of high consumer demand and expand consumption in new areas.We will improve the policy on automobile consumption, accelerate development of markets for second-hand cars and car rental, and guide and promote rational spending on automobiles.We will vigorously expand consumption that makes people's lives easier, such as community-based businesses, property management and household services;accelerate development of tourism and leisure consumption;increase consumption in culture, recreation, sports and fitness services;and vigorously expand consumption in new areas such as the Internet and animation.We will improve consumption policies and the consumption environment.We will accelerate the project to encourage retailers to open stores in more townships and villages, and encourage commercial chains to open more outlets in rural areas.We will intensify the development of consumption facilities and service networks in both urban and rural areas, rectify order in the market, and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of consumers.We will promptly work out and introduce policies and measures to encourage consumption, and vigorously develop consumer credit.We will do all the work of implementing the programs for bringing home appliances, agricultural machinery, and automobiles and motorbikes to the countryside well, and we will make effective and flexible use of the 40 billion yuan in central government subsidies provided to get enterprises to increase their sales and enable farmers to enjoy real benefits.一是擴大消費尤其是居民消費。繼續調整收入分配格局，提高勞動報酬占國民收入的比重，增加政府支出用于改善民生、擴大消費的比重，增加對城鎮低收入群眾和農民的補貼。要培育消費熱點，拓展消費空間。完善汽車消費政策，加快發展二手車市場和汽車租賃市場，引導和促進汽車合理消費。大力發展社區商業、物業、家政等便民消費，加快發展旅游休閑消費，擴大文化娛樂、體育健身等服務消費，積極發展網絡動漫等新型消費。完善消費政策，優化消費環境。加快建設“萬村千鄉”市場工程，推進連鎖經營向農村延伸。要加強城鄉消費設施和服務體系建設，規范市場秩序，維護消費者合法權益。抓緊研究出臺鼓勵消費的政策措施，積極發展消費信貸。做好“家電下鄉”、“農機下鄉”、“汽車、摩托車下鄉”等工作，把中央財政的４００億元補貼資金用好用活，使企業增加銷售、農民得到實惠。

Second, we will maintain rapid growth in investment and improve the investment structure.The central government plans to invest 908 billion yuan this year.Government investment will focus on projects to improve people's lives such as those for developing low-income housing, education, heath care and culture;projects to conserve energy, protect the environment, improve the ecosystem, upgrade 2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)technologies, and make scientific and technological innovations;projects to make key infrastructure improvements, including farmland improvement and water conservancy projects, railways, and freeways;and post-earthquake recovery and reconstruction.We must channel government investment to areas where it best counteracts the effects of the global financial crisis and to weak areas in economic and social development, and no government investment will be made in the regular processing industries.We will promptly work out and introduce preferential policies to encourage and guide non-governmental investment.We need to support non-governmental investment in areas favored by state industrial policies and encourage enterprises to increase spending on R&D and technological upgrading through proper release of information and improved guidance.All government money comes from the people, and we must spend every penny responsibly.We will make every effort to ensure that all construction projects meet high quality standards and are built to last and be passed onto our future generations as valuable legacy.二是保持投資較快增長和優化投資結構。今年中央政府投資總額９０８０億元，主要用于保障性住房、教育、衛生、文化等民生工程建設，節能環保和生態建設，技術改造與科技創新，農田水利、鐵路、高速公路等重點基礎設施建設和地震災后恢復重建。政府投資必須用在應對危機最關鍵的地方，用在經濟社會發展的薄弱環節，絕不能用于一般加工工業。要抓緊研究出臺鼓勵引導社會投資的優惠政策。通過發布信息、加強引導，支持社會資本投向符合國家產業政策的領域，鼓勵企業增加研發和技改投資。我們的每一分錢都來自人民，必須對人民負責。所有工程建設都要堅持百年大計、質量第一，給子孫后代留下寶貴財富。

Third, we will promote the steady and healthy development of the real estate market.We will adopt even more vigorous and effective policies and measures to stabilize market confidence and expectations, keep real estate investment stable, and promote steady and orderly development of the real estate industry.We will speed up implementation and improvement of policies and measures to promote development of low-income housing projects.Wewill strive to solve the housing problems of 7.5 million low-income urban families and 2.4 million families living in shantytowns in forests, on reclaimed land and around coalmines within three years.This year, the central government will allocate 49.3 billion yuan for the construction of low-income housing to increase funding for developing low-rent housing and improving housing conditions in shantytowns, and increase housing subsidies for the central and western regions by an appropriate amount.We will expand the pilot program for renovating dilapidated houses in rural areas and build permanent housing for nomads in ethnic minority areas.A pilot program will be launched in selected places where conditions permit to use the idle portion of the housing accumulation fund to support development of affordable housing.We will vigorously develop public rental housing.We will effectively implement credit, tax and other policies to support people in purchasing homes and making home improvements.Individuals who meet relevant criteria and apply for bank loans to support the purchase of a second home for personal use will enjoy similar preferential lending policies that apply to the purchase 2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)of first homes.We will implement the policy to reduce or exempt the business tax on housing transfers to varying degrees based on the age of the housing.We will expand consumption and supply of ordinary commercial housing, and increase credit support for building small and medium-sized condominiums at low and medium price levels.We will speed up development of the market for second-hand homes and the home rental market.We will encourage and guide local governments to stabilize and develop their real estate market in light of local conditions, and strengthen supervision of the housing market by type.We will continue to rectify order in the real estate market, and standardize transactions.We will help rural migrant workers in cities solve their housing problems.We will deepen reform of the urban housing system to meet people's multilevel housing demand, and strive to ensure adequate housing for everyone.三是促進房地產市場穩定健康發展。采取更加積極有效的政策措施，穩定市場信心和預期，穩定房地產投資，推動房地產業平穩有序發展。加快落實和完善促進保障性住房建設的政策措施，爭取用三年時間，解決７５０萬戶城市低收入住房困難家庭和２４０萬戶林區、墾區、煤礦等棚戶區居民的住房問題。今年中央財政擬安排保障性安居工程資金４９３億元，加大對廉租房建設和棚戶區改造的投資支持力度，適當提高中西部地區補助標準，擴大農村危房改造試點范圍，實施少數民族地區游牧民定居工程。選擇一些有條件的地區進行試點，把部分住房公積金閑置資金補充用于經濟適用住房建設。積極發展公共租賃住房。落實好支持居民購買自住性和改善性住房的信貸、稅收和其他政策。對符合條件的第二套普通自住房購買者，比照執行首次貸款購買普通自住房的優惠政策；對住房轉讓環節營業稅，按不同年限實行有區別的稅收減免政策。促進普通商品住房消費和供給，加大對中小套型、中低價位普通商品房建設的信貸支持。加快發展二手房市場和住房租賃市場。鼓勵引導各地因地制宜穩定和發展房地產市場，加強住房市場分類管理。繼續整頓房地產市場秩序，規范交易行為。幫助進城農民工解決住房困難問題。深化城鎮住房制度改革，滿足居民多層次住房需求，努力實現住有所居的目標。

Fourth, we will accelerate recovery and reconstruction of areas hit by the Wenchuan earthquake.We will promptly and fully implement the master plan for post-earthquake recovery and reconstruction.The central government will allocate 130 billion yuan for this purpose this year.We will quickly rebuild homes for quake-affected urban and rural residents by combining repair and reinforcement of existing housing with construction of new housing.We will basically complete reconstruction of rural houses collapsed or badly damaged during the earthquake, and ensure quake-stricken residents can move into new houses by the end of this year.We will accelerate rebuilding of schools in the quake zone and ensure that more than 95% of the students whose school buildings were destroyed in the earthquake will have permanent school buildings.We will continue work to repair and rebuild infrastructure such as transportation, communications, energy and water conservancy facilities.We will effectively prevent and control geological disasters, restore the ecosystem, improve the environment, and resume cultivation of damaged arable land.2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)We will speed up industrial rebuilding and development in the quake zone on the basis of the plan to adjust and reinvigorate key industries.We will continue to provide one-to-one assistance and special aid to the quake zone and manage and use funds, goods and materials for post-earthquake reconstruction well.We will intensify and accelerate post-earthquake reconstruction and strive to basically reach the targets in two years that had originally been set for three, so that residents of the quake zone can begin to live a happier life as soon as possible.四是加快推進地震災區恢復重建。抓緊全面實施災后恢復重建總體規劃，中央財政今年再安排１３００億元災后重建資金。加快災區城鄉居民住房恢復重建，實行維修加固與新建相結合。基本完成因災倒塌和嚴重損毀農房重建任務，保證受災群眾在今年底前住進新房。加快地震災區學校恢復建設，確保今年底９５％以上的學生都能在永久性校舍中學習。繼續推進交通、通信、能源、水利等基礎設施恢復重建。搞好地質災害防治、生態修復、環境整治和災毀耕地復耕。結合實施重點產業調整振興規劃，加快災區產業重建與發展。繼續搞好對口支援和專項援助，管好用好災后重建資金和物資。災后重建要加大力度，加快進度，力爭在兩年內基本完成原定三年的目標任務，讓災區人民早日過上更加幸福美好的生活。

3.Consolidating and strengthening the position of agriculture as the foundation of the economy, and promoting steady development of agriculture and continuous increase in rural incomes

（三）鞏固和加強農業基礎地位，促進農業穩定發展和農民持續增收

We will focus on the following five areas.今年重點抓好五件事：

First, we will steadily develop grain production.We will effectively keep the area planted in grain crops stable, focus on increasing the yield per unit area and optimizing the variety mix, and increase the country's grain production capacity by 50 million tons.一是穩定發展糧食生產。切實穩定種植面積，著力提高單產，優化品種結構，推進全國新增千億斤糧食生產能力建設。

Second, we will adjust the agricultural structure based on market demand.We will support the production of important agricultural products in short supply, and improve the quality, profitability and competitiveness of agricultural products.We will speed up implementation of the new plan for developing agricultural products in regions with the most suitable conditions.We will support the growing of oil bearing and other cash crops in areas with the most suitable conditions.We will stabilize hog production, implement the plan for reinvigorating the dairy industry, and promote 2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)large-scale, standardized, healthy farming practices in animal husbandry and aquaculture.We will strengthen the prevention and control of major animal and plant epidemics.二是以市場需求為導向調整農業結構。支持重要緊缺農產品生產，提高農產品質量、效益和競爭力。加快實施新一輪優勢農產品區域布局規劃，支持優勢產區發展油料等經濟作物，穩定生豬生產，實施奶業振興規劃，推進畜牧水產規模化標準化健康養殖。加強重大動植物疫病防控。

Third, we will intensify development of agricultural infrastructure and projects designed to improve the lives of rural people.We will develop land on a large scale and comprehensively improve farmland, water supplies, roads, and forests.We will upgrade low-and medium-yield farmland and develop farm plots that meet high standards.We will speed up the reinforcement of large and medium-sized reservoirs and dangerous key small reservoirs.We will further improve irrigated areas and build more small water conservancy facilities.By the end of next year, we will have basically paved the roads linking all towns and townships across the country and all incorporated villages with the proper conditions in the eastern and central regions and will have completed the construction of roads connecting all incorporated villages with the proper conditions in the western region.In addition, we will provide safe drinking water to another 60 million people and methane to an additional five million households.We will continue to improve rural infrastructure, including power grids, postal service, and telecommunications, and intensify development of rural social programs.三是加強農業基礎設施和農村民生工程建設。大規模開展土地整治，實行田、水、路、林綜合治理，推進中低產田改造，建設高標準農田。加快大中型和重點小型病險水庫除險加固進度，加強灌區改造和小型農田水利建設。到明年底，基本實現全國鄉鎮和東中部地區具備條件的建制村道路硬化，西部地區具備條件的建制村通公路。再解決６０００萬人安全飲水問題，增加５００萬沼氣用戶，繼續加強農村電網、郵政通信和社會事業等基礎建設。

Fourth, we will increase rural incomes in a variety of ways.We will vigorously develop modern agriculture with distinctive local features, support intensive processing and sale of agricultural products, develop rural secondary and tertiary industries, accelerate the development of small towns, and strengthen county economies.四是多渠道促進農民增收。大力發展特色現代農業，扶持農產品精深加工和銷售，發展農村二三產業，加快小城鎮建設，壯大縣域經濟。

Fifth, we will intensify our efforts to alleviate poverty through development.This year, a new poverty line will be adopted and all low-income rural residents will be covered by the poverty relief policy.The threshold will be increased to 1,196 yuan per 2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)person on average, and coverage will be extended to include 40.07 million recipients.This marks the beginning of a new stage in China's efforts to reduce poverty through development.We need to improve state poverty relief strategies and policies, increase funding, and steadfastly make development the basis of poverty reduction.We will give priority to eradicating poverty at the village level, training rural residents for nonagricultural employment, and reducing poverty through industrial development and relocation of residents so that the poor get the basic necessities, escape poverty, and become prosperous.五是加大扶貧開發力度。今年將實行新的扶貧標準，對農村低收入人口全面實施扶貧政策。新標準提高到人均１１９６元，扶貧對象覆蓋４００７萬人，這標志著我國扶貧開發進入一個新階段。要完善國家扶貧戰略和政策，加大扶貧資金投入，堅持開發式扶貧，重點抓好整村推進、勞動力轉移培訓、產業化扶貧和移民扶貧，穩定解決扶貧對象溫飽問題并努力實現脫貧致富。

We will take the following measures to comprehensively strengthen our work related to agriculture, rural areas and farmers.全面加強“三農”工作要采取以下措施：

First, we will greatly increase funding for agriculture and rural areas.Central government allocations for agriculture, rural areas and farmers will total 716.1 billion yuan this year, a year-on-year increase of 120.6 billion yuan.We will significantly increase funding for rural public facilities in the central and western regions, and relieve governments at and below the county level of the burden of providing supporting funds for them.Greater priority will be given to major grain-producing areas in implementing the policies and measures supporting grain production.More general transfer payments and financial rewards will be provided to major grain-producing counties and greater support given to projects for industrializing grain production.一要大幅度增加農業農村投入。今年中央財政擬安排“三農”投入７１６１億元，比上年增加１２０６億元。大幅度增加對中西部地區農村公益性建設項目投入，取消縣及縣以下相關資金配套要求。支持糧食生產的政策措施向主產區傾斜，加大對產糧大縣一般性轉移支付、財政獎勵和糧食產業建設項目的扶持力度。

Second, we will significantly raise minimum grain purchase prices and keep the prices of agricultural products stable at a reasonable level to encourage farmers to grow more.This year the floor price for the purchase of wheat and rice will be increased by 0.22 yuan and 0.26 yuan per kilogram on average respectively.We will apply policies in a timely fashion to temporarily purchase and stockpile major agricultural products to build up reserves of grain, cotton, edible oil and pork, and strengthen regulation of the farm products market.2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)二要較大幅度提高糧食最低收購價，保持農產品價格合理水平，提高種糧農民積極性。今年小麥、稻谷最低收購價平均每斤分別提高０．１１元和０．１３元。適時啟動主要農產品臨時收儲政策，增加糧食、棉花、食用植物油和豬肉儲備，加強農產品市場調控。

Third, we will further increase agricultural subsidies.Central government funding for these subsidies will total 123 billion yuan, an increase of 20 billion yuan over last year.Direct subsidies to grain producers will continue to increase.We will increase subsidies for the use of superior seed varieties, raise subsidy levels, make subsidies available to all rice, wheat, corn and cotton growers, extend them more widely to canola and soybean farmers, and start to subsidize tea-oil tree planting.The central government will spend 13 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of nine billion yuan, on subsidies to all agricultural and pastoral counties(farms)throughout the country for purchasing agricultural machinery and tools.We will promptly increase general subsidies for agricultural supplies to coordinate with price rises and changes in the acreage planted in various crops.三要進一步增加農業補貼。中央財政擬安排補貼資金１２３０億元，比上年增加２００億元。繼續增加糧食直補。加大良種補貼力度，提高補貼標準，實現水稻、小麥、玉米、棉花全覆蓋，擴大油菜和大豆良種補貼范圍，實施油茶良種補貼。農機具購置補貼覆蓋到全國所有農牧業縣（場），中央財政擬安排資金１３０億元，比上年增加９０億元。根據農資價格上漲幅度和農作物播種面積，及時增加農資綜合補貼。

Fourth, we will speed up development of a new system under which various sectors of society provide services for agriculture.We will increase spending on agricultural science and technology, intensify efforts to expand application of innovations in agricultural science and technology and become better able to provide agriculture-related technical services.We will improve public service agencies charged with promoting application of agricultural technologies, preventing and controlling animal and plant epidemics, and monitoring the quality of agricultural products at the local level.We will support supply and marketing cooperatives, specialized farmer cooperatives and pacesetting enterprises in providing diverse production and operation services.四要加快新型農業社會化服務體系建設。加大農業科技投入，加強農業科技創新成果推廣和服務能力建設。健全基層農業技術推廣、動植物疫病防控、農產品質量監管等公共服務機構，支持供銷合作社、農民專業合作社、龍頭企業等提供多種形式的生產經營服務。

Fifth, we will stabilize and improve the basic rural operation system.We will ensure that existing land contract relationships remain stable and unchanged for a long time to come, and enhance and better protect the land contract and management rights enjoyed by rural residents, including migrant workers who are away from their home 2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)villages.The transfer of land use rights must occur on a compensated, voluntary basis and be conducted in accordance with the law.We will adhere to and apply the strictest possible systems for protecting arable land and economizing on the use of land, and do everything in our power to keep the total amount of arable land above the red line of 120 million hectares.Reform of the system of collective forest rights will move forward.Overall rural reform will be deepened.We will accelerate reform of town and township government departments and work actively yet prudently to ease the debts of townships and villages.五要穩定完善農村基本經營制度。現有土地承包關系要保持穩定并長久不變，賦予農民包括離鄉農民工更加充分而有保障的土地承包經營權。土地承包經營權流轉必須堅持依法自愿有償的原則。堅持和落實最嚴格的耕地保護制度和最嚴格的節約用地制度，嚴守１８億畝耕地紅線不動搖。推進集體林權制度改革。深化農村綜合改革。加快鄉鎮機構改革。積極穩妥化解鄉村債務。

4.Accelerating transformation of the pattern of development and energetically promoting strategic economic restructuring

（四）加快轉變發展方式，大力推進經濟結構戰略性調整

This year we will focus on improving industrial restructuring in order to maintain economic growth and promote industrial upgrading.今年要圍繞保增長、促升級，重點抓好產業結構調整。

First, we will conscientiously implement plans for adjusting and invigorating key industries such as the automobile, steel, shipbuilding, petrochemical, textile, nonferrous metals, equipment manufacturing, information technology, modern logistics, and light industries.We will carry out industrial restructuring and upgrading to resolve the prominent problems and conflicts that hinder their development.一是認真實施汽車、鋼鐵、造船、石化、輕工、紡織、有色金屬、裝備制造、電子信息、現代物流等重點產業調整和振興規劃。著力解決這些行業發展中存在的突出矛盾和問題，推進結構調整和優化升級。

Second, we will energetically adjust the structure of enterprises and carry out mergers and reorganizations.We will support superior enterprises in acquiring ones that are backward or have financial difficulties.We will encourage well-established enterprises to work with each other, and upstream and downstream enterprises to integrate their operations in order to raise the level of industry concentration and the efficiency of resource allocation.二是大力推進企業組織結構調整和兼并重組，支持優勢企業并購落后企業和困難企業，鼓勵強強聯合和上下游一體化經營，提高產業集中度和資源配置效率。2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)

Third, we will take more effective measures to support development of small and medium-sized enterprises.We will promptly implement financial support policies, improve the financing guarantee system, streamline loan procedures, and increase the scale of loans.Central government funding for supporting the development of small and medium-sized enterprises will increase from 3.9 billion yuan to 9.6 billion yuan.We will continue to implement preferential tax policies to encourage small and medium-sized enterprises to make scientific and technological innovations, upgrade their technology, and create more jobs.We will improve the system under which various sectors of society provide services for small and medium-sized enterprises.三是采取更加有力的措施扶持中小企業發展。抓緊落實金融支持政策，健全融資擔保體系，簡化貸款程序，增加貸款規模。中央財政中小企業發展資金從３９億元增加到９６億元。繼續實行鼓勵中小企業科技創新、技術改造、增加就業的稅收優惠政策。健全中小企業社會化服務體系。

Fourth, we will actively support enterprises in accelerating technological upgrading and develop innovation-based enterprises.The central government will allocate 20 billion yuan, mainly in interest subsidies, to support technological upgrading in enterprises.We will encourage enterprises to apply new technologies, new production processes, new equipment and new materials so that they can adapt to market changes, develop more readily marketable products, undertake product innovation, and improve their product quality and the level of production and business operations.四是積極支持企業加快技術改造，建設創新型企業。中央財政擬安排２００億元專項資金，主要用貼息方式支持企業技術改造。鼓勵企業應用新技術、新工藝、新設備、新材料，適應市場變化，開發適銷對路產品，推進產品創新，提高產品質量和生產經營水平。

Fifth, we will accelerate development of modern service industries.We will promote development of the banking, insurance, modern logistics, consulting, software and creative industries, and develop new types of services.We will upgrade traditional service industries.五是加快發展現代服務業。促進金融保險、現代物流、信息咨詢、軟件和創意產業發展，拓展新興服務領域。提升傳統服務業。

We will vigorously promote scientific and technological innovation.We will integrate making technological innovation with boosting domestic demand, maintaining economic growth, making structural adjustments and raising the level of development.This year the central government will allocate 146.1 billion yuan to the science and technology sector, up 25.6% from last year.2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)大力推進科技創新。科技創新要與擴內需、促增長，調結構、上水平緊密結合起來。今年中央財政科技投入１４６１億元，增長２５．６％。

First, we need to speed up implementation of the Outline of the National Program for Long-and Medium-Term Scientific and Technological Development, particularly, implementation of major science and technology projects.We will select and launch a number of projects that give strong impetus to scientific and technological development, have a widespread impact, and yield quick results, in order to quickly make breakthroughs in core and key generic technologies that can stimulate the transformation of industries and technological upgrading, and support invigoration of industries and long-term economic development.一要加快實施國家中長期科技發展規劃綱要，特別是科技重大專項。選擇一些帶動力強、影響面大、見效快的項目抓緊開展工作，爭取盡快突破一批核心技術和關鍵共性技術，帶動產業轉型和技術升級，支撐產業振興和經濟長遠發展。

Second, we need to deepen reform of the science and technology management system.We will get enterprises to play a key role in technological innovation, and encourage more scientists and engineers to work on the frontlines of economic development spreading technologies, doing product R&D, and starting technology based enterprises.We will get enterprises, universities, and research institutes to work more closely together to accelerate the application of scientific and technological advances in production.二要深化科技體制改革，發揮企業在技術創新中的主體作用。動員更多科技人員投身經濟建設第一線，推廣技術、研發產品、創辦科技型企業。推進產學研結合，加快科技成果向現實生產力轉化。

Third, we will make the equipment manufacturing industry stronger and larger.We will implement the project to increase self-sufficiency in doing R&D on manufacturing major equipment and implement a related system of government procurement.We will vigorously develop manufacturing of complete sets of major equipment, high-tech equipment and equipment needed in high-tech industries, raise the level of integrated innovation and make greater use of domestic components in the equipment manufacturing industry.三要做強做大裝備制造業。落實自主研發重大裝備國內依托工程和政府采購制度，著力發展重大成套設備、高技術裝備和高技術產業所需裝備，提高裝備制造業集成創新和國產化水平。

Fourth, we will support and promote R&D on technologies in new energy sources, biology, medicine, third generation mobile communications, the integration of telecommunications networks, cable TV networks and the Internet, energy conservation and environmental protection, and their industrial application.We will 2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)develop clusters of new-and high-tech industries, and create new areas of demand in society.四要支持和推進新能源、生物、醫藥、第三代移動通信、三網融合、節能環保等技術研發和產業化，發展高新技術產業群，創造新的社會需求。

Fifth, we will continue to implement the strategy of reinvigorating the country through science and education, the strategy of strengthening the country through human resources development and the intellectual property rights strategy.We will continue to develop the national innovation system, intensify basic research and research in leading-edge technologies, and accelerate development of major infrastructure facilities and public platforms for science and technology.We will work vigorously to bring in high-caliber personnel and intellectual resources from overseas and intensify the training of all types of personnel.We will become better able to create, utilize, protect and manage intellectual property rights.五要繼續實施科教興國戰略、人才強國戰略和知識產權戰略。繼續推進國家創新體系建設，加強基礎科學和前沿技術研究，加快重大科技基礎設施和公用平臺建設。積極引進海外高層次人才和智力，加強各類人才隊伍建設。提高知識產權創造、運用、保護和管理水平。

We will work tirelessly to save energy, reduce emissions, preserve the ecosystems, and protect the environment.毫不松懈地加強節能減排和生態環保工作。

First, we will emphasize energy conservation in the three key areas of industry, transportation and construction;continue work on the ten major energy conservation projects;and implement energy-conserving measures for power generators, boilers, automobiles, air-conditioners and lighting products.一是突出抓好工業、交通、建筑三大領域節能，繼續推進十大重點節能工程建設，落實電機、鍋爐、汽車、空調、照明等方面的節能措施。

Second, we will energetically develop a circular economy and clean energy.We will steadfastly save energy, water and land.We will vigorously develop clean energy such as nuclear, hydraulic, wind, and solar power.We will promote the adaptation of clean coal technology for industrial application.We will strictly enforce national standards for energy consumption and environmental protection, increase the use of energy-conserving technologies and products, and promote comprehensive utilization of resources.二是大力發展循環經濟和清潔能源。堅持節能節水節地。積極發展核電、水電、風電、太陽能發電等清潔能源。推進潔凈煤技術產業化。嚴格執行能耗和環 2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)保國家標準，加大節能技術和產品推廣應用力度，加強資源綜合利用。

Third, we will improve our policies for conserving energy and protecting the environment, and strictly enforce the system of standards, assessment system and monitoring system for energy conservation and emissions reduction.三是健全節能環保各項政策，按照節能減排指標體系、考核體系、監測體系，狠抓落實。

Fourth, we will launch a nationwide campaign on the importance of energy conservation and emissions reduction, in which state organs and government-affiliated enterprises and institutions need to play an exemplary role.四是開展全民節能減排行動，國家機關、公共企事業單位要發揮表率作用。

Fifth, we will continue to intensify pollution prevention and control in key river valleys and regions;control the spread of stony deserts and desertification;carry out ecological conservation projects to build key forest shelterbelts, protect virgin forests, and bring the sources of dust storms affecting Beijing and Tianjin under control;and protect water, forests, grasslands, wetlands and other elements of the ecosystems.We will comprehensively improve the rural environment.We will rectify and standardize order in the exploitation of mineral resources and develop and use marine resources wisely.五是繼續強化重點流域、區域污染防治，加強石漠化、荒漠化治理，實施重點防護林、天然林保護和京津風沙源治理等生態建設工程，保護水、森林、草原、濕地等生態環境。推進農村環境綜合整治。整頓規范礦產資源開發秩序。合理開發利用海洋資源。

Sixth, we will implement the national plan for addressing climate change and become better able to respond to it.We will intensify basic research in meteorology, earthquake science, disaster prevention and mitigation, and surveying and mapping and strengthen these areas.六是實施應對氣候變化國家方案，提高應對氣候變化能力。加強氣象、地震、防災減災、測繪基礎研究和能力建設。

We will comprehensively improve product quality and enhance workplace safety.This year we will launch a campaign to rectify and standardize order in the market and carry out the Quality and Safety Year campaign, which requires all industries and sectors to strengthen quality and safety supervision of all personnel and all processes in all areas.We will further tighten oversight and supervision of workplace safety in key industries and resolutely prevent serious and major accidents.We will make intensive efforts to improve food and drug safety, and improve and strictly enforce 2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)standards for product quality and safety.We will implement strict market access rules and product trace ability and recall systems so that the people buy food and drugs with confidence and consume them with satisfaction.全面提高產品質量和安全生產水平。今年要在全國開展整頓和規范市場秩序專項行動以及“質量和安全年”活動，各行各業都要加強全員、全過程、全方位質量和安全管理。進一步強化重點行業安全生產監管，堅決遏制重特大安全事故發生。深入開展食品藥品安全專項整治，健全并嚴格執行產品質量安全標準。實行嚴格的市場準入制度和產品質量追溯制度、召回制度。要讓人民群眾買得放心、吃得安心、用得舒心。

We will continue to implement the overall regional development strategy of promoting the large-scale development of the western region, reinvigorating northeast China and other old industrial bases, energizing development of the central region, and getting the eastern region to take the lead in development, and promote balanced development among regions.We will encourage all regions to work on the basis of local conditions, make full use of their advantages, and find a new path for development in response to the shock of external events.The eastern region needs to vigorously open up international markets, stabilize exports, and develop advanced manufacturing, modern services and new-and high-tech industries.It needs to accelerate industrial upgrading and institutional innovation, foster new areas of economic growth, create new advantages for participating in international cooperation and competition, and raise its capability for sustainable development.Special economic zones, the Pudong New Area in Shanghai and the Binhai New Area in Tianjin need to continue to take the lead in reform and opening up.We will increase support to the central and western regions and northeast China to improve their weak links in development.To remove bottlenecks in these regions, we will increase spending on infrastructure, ecological conservation and environmental protection, launch a number of key transportation and water conservancy projects, and accelerate development of a number of grain, energy, raw materials and equipment manufacturing bases that have distinctive local features and special advantages.We will accelerate development of key areas on a priority basis.We will promote the transformation of the economies of cities once dependent on now-depleted mineral resources in these regions.We will promptly formulate specific policies to encourage industries to relocate to the central and western regions, and formulate and implement a national plan for development priority zones.We will fully support the development of old revolutionary base areas, ethnic minority areas, border areas and poor areas.繼續實施西部大開發、東北地區等老工業基地振興、中部地區崛起、東部地區率先發展的區域發展總體戰略，促進區域協調發展。鼓勵各地從實際出發，充分發揮自身優勢，在應對外部沖擊中闖出發展新路。東部地區要大力開拓國際市場，穩定出口，著力發展先進制造業、現代服務業和高新技術產業，加快產業升級和體制創新，培育新的經濟增長點，形成參與國際合作競爭新優勢，增強更高水平上的可持續發展能力。經濟特區、上海浦東新區、天津濱海新區要繼續當好

2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)改革開放排頭兵。進一步支持中西部和東北地區加強薄弱環節，以消除瓶頸制約為重點，加大基礎設施、生態建設和環境保護投資力度，新開工一批交通、水利重點工程，加快建設一批糧食、能源原材料、裝備制造等優勢產業基地和特色產業基地，加快重點地區優先開發，促進礦產資源枯竭型城市經濟轉型。抓緊研究制定中西部地區承接產業轉移的具體政策。制定和實施全國主體功能區規劃。大力扶持革命老區、民族地區、邊疆地區和貧困地區發展。

5.Continuing to deepen reform and opening up, and further improving systems and mechanisms conducive to developing in a scientific manner

（五）繼續深化改革開放，進一步完善有利于科學發展的體制機制

Reform and opening up provide an inexhaustible driving force for economic and social development.We will unswervingly carry out reform and opening up, resolve thorny problems hindering development by deepening reform, and obtain opportunities for development as China opens wider to the outside world.改革開放是經濟社會發展的不竭動力。我們將堅持改革開放不動搖，通過深化改革破解發展難題，在擴大開放中贏得發展機遇。

We will move ahead with price reform for resource products.We will continue to deepen reform of power prices and gradually improve the mechanism for determining rates for putting power on the grid, transmitting and distributing power, and selling power, and balance the prices of coal and power in a timely fashion.We will press ahead with reform of water prices, gradually increase the price of water for non-farming purposes supplied from water projects, and improve the system for collecting and managing water resource fees.We will accelerate the establishment of sound systems for paying for the use of mineral resources and for compensating for ecological damage, and actively carry out trade in pollution rights on a trial basis.推進資源性產品價格改革。繼續深化電價改革，逐步完善上網電價、輸配電價和銷售電價形成機制，適時理順煤電價格關系。積極推進水價改革，逐步提高水利工程供非農業用水價格，完善水資源費征收管理體制。加快建立健全礦產資源有償使用制度和生態補償機制，積極開展排污權交易試點。

We will carry forward reform of the fiscal and taxation systems.We will comprehensively institute VAT reforms.We will extend the urban construction and maintenance tax and education surcharges from Chinese to foreign enterprises and citizens.We will reform and improve the system of resource taxes.We will carry out reform of the taxation system for the real estate industry.We will continue to bring order to administrative fees and government-managed funds and further standardize their management.We will deepen reform of the budgetary system to better coordinate the budget for the government's public expenditures, budget for use of state capital, budget for government-managed funds, and budget for social security

2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)programs and vigorously promote greater openness in budgetary work.We will improve the transfer payment system.We will promote the reform to place county public finances directly under the management of provincial governments.推進財稅體制改革。全面實施增值稅轉型改革。統一內外資企業和個人城建稅、教育費附加等制度。改革完善資源稅制度。研究推進房地產稅制改革。繼續清理行政事業性收費和政府性基金，加強規范管理。深化預算制度改革，實現政府公共預算、國有資本經營預算、政府性基金預算和社會保障預算的有機銜接，積極推進預算公開。完善財政轉移支付制度。推進省直管縣財政管理方式改革。

We will carry forward reform of the financial system.We will deepen the reform of state-owned financial institutions, and steadily develop small and medium-sized financial enterprises under multiple forms of ownership and new types of rural financial institutions.We will actively encourage healthy development of informal financing.We will continue to carry out reform of capital markets, and stabilize stock markets.We will develop and standardize the bond market, and steadily develop the futures market.We will deepen reform of the insurance sector to make the most of its guarantee and financing functions.We will carry forward market-based reform of interest rates.We will improve the RMB exchange rate regime, and keep the RMB exchange rate basically stable at an appropriate and balanced level.We will strengthen the mechanism for coordinating oversight and supervision in the financial sector.推進金融體制改革。深化國有金融機構改革。穩步發展多種所有制中小金融企業和新型農村金融機構。積極引導民間融資健康發展。推進資本市場改革，維護股票市場穩定。發展和規范債券市場。穩步發展期貨市場。深化保險業改革，積極發揮保險保障和融資功能。推進利率市場化改革。完善人民幣匯率形成機制，保持人民幣匯率在合理均衡水平上的基本穩定。健全金融監管協調機制。

We will carry forward reform of state-owned enterprises and support the development of the non-public sector of the economy.We will deepen the reform to introduce corporate and shareholding systems in large state-owned enterprises and establish a sound modern corporate structure.We will accelerate reform of the railway, power and salt industries, improve the administrative systems of the civil aviation and telecommunications industries, and formulate and introduce complementary policies for regulating reform of the telecommunications system.We will encourage, support and guide the development of the non-public sector.We will implement all the policies for relaxing controls over market access and energetically support the involvement of private capital in SOE reform and its entry into such areas as infrastructure, public utilities, financial services and social programs.推進國有企業改革和支持非公有制經濟發展。深化國有大型企業公司制、股份制改革，建立健全現代企業制度。加快鐵路、電力、鹽業等行業改革。完善民航、電信管理體制，制定出臺電信體制改革配套監管政策。鼓勵、支持和引導非公有制經濟發展。落實放寬市場準入的各項政策，積極支持民間資本參與國有企

2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)業改革，進入基礎設施、公用事業、金融服務和社會事業等領域。

We will accelerate institutional reform in local governments and move forward with the reform of government-affiliated institutions.加快地方政府機構改革。推進事業單位改革。

We will strive to ensure steady growth in foreign trade.While stressing the importance of boosting domestic demand, we must not slacken efforts to promote export.In the face of the serious situation of a sharp decline in external demand and growing trade protectionism, we will straighten out and adjust our foreign trade policies and increase our support for import and export.We will continue to diversify our export markets and compete on quality, enhance traditional export markets, and energetically open up new markets.努力保持對外貿易穩定增長。我們強調擴大內需，絕不能放松出口。面對外部需求急劇萎縮、貿易保護主義抬頭的嚴峻形勢，要清理和調整外貿政策，加大對進出口工作的支持力度。堅持出口市場多元化和以質取勝戰略，鞏固傳統出口市場，大力開拓新興市場。

First, we will fully employ internationally accepted fiscal and taxation policies to support our export.We will increase the Foreign Trade Development Fund to an appropriate extent, focusing on cultivating brand-name export products and supporting small and medium-sized enterprises in expanding their international markets.一是充分運用國際通行的財稅政策支持出口；適度擴大外貿發展基金規模，重點支持中小企業開拓國際市場和培育出口品牌。

Second, we will improve our financial services for importing and exporting.We will expand the coverage of export credit insurance, and encourage financial institutions to develop export credit.We need to make innovations in financing guarantees for export enterprises.二是改善對進出口的金融服務。擴大出口信用保險覆蓋面；鼓勵金融機構發展出口信貸；創新出口企業融資擔保方式。

Third, we will steadily carry out upgrading of processing trade.We will improve the climate for developing it, and adjust the list of commodities whose processing is classified as prohibited or subject to restrictions.We will encourage the relocation of export processing industries to the central and western regions.三是穩步推進加工貿易轉型升級。改善加工貿易發展環境，調整加工貿易禁止類和限制類目錄；鼓勵出口加工業向中西部地區轉移。

2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)

Fourth, we will promptly improve policies and measures to encourage development of trade in services and energetically develop the outsourcing of international services to China.四是抓緊完善鼓勵服務貿易的政策措施；大力發展國際服務外包。

Fifth, we will strive to expand imports, focusing on introducing advanced technology and equipment and increasing imports of key spare parts and components, and important energy sources, resources and raw materials.五是努力擴大進口。重點引進先進技術裝備，增加關鍵零部件元器件、重要能源資源和原材料進口。

Sixth, we will improve the level of trade facilitation.We will improve supervision and service in customs, quality inspections and foreign exchange and intensify the development of border ports.六是提高貿易便利化水平。優化海關、質檢、外匯等方面監管和服務；加強邊境口岸建設。

Seventh, we will work for a favorable international environment for trade and economic cooperation.We will vigorously promote the Doha round of trade talks, accelerate implementation of the strategy of free trade zones, and properly handle trade frictions.七是營造良好的國際經貿環境。積極推動多哈回合談判；加快實施自由貿易區戰略；妥善應對貿易摩擦。

We will promote balanced development between foreign investment in China and Chinese investment overseas.We will keep the size of foreign investment in China steady and encourage more foreign investment in new-and high-tech industries, advanced manufacturing, energy-conservation and environmental protection industries, and modern service industries.We will further straighten out and standardize administrative fees for foreign-investment projects and the criteria for evaluating them.We will upgrade national development zones in the central and western regions and improve the opening of our border areas to the outside world.We will continue to implement the “go global” strategy, support all kinds of competent Chinese enterprises in investing overseas and undertaking international mergers and acquisitions, and encourage large enterprises to play a leading role in implementing the “go global” strategy.We will vigorously promote the establishment of trade and economic cooperation zones, joint exploitation of resources, undertaking of contracted projects and labor service cooperation in other countries.We will increase financial support for enterprises engaged in overseas investment and economic

2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)cooperation, and expand channels for investment in other countries.We will expand the scope of the registration system for Chinese investment overseas, and strengthen risk control and supervision of enterprises' overseas investments.推動利用外資和對外投資協調發展。穩定利用外資規模，引導外資投向高新技術產業、先進制造業、節能環保產業和現代服務業。進一步清理和規范涉及外商投資的行政收費和檢查事項。提升中西部國家級開發區發展水平和沿邊開放水平。繼續實施“走出去”戰略。支持各類有條件的企業對外投資和開展跨國并購，充分發揮大型企業在“走出去”中的主力軍作用。積極推進境外經貿合作區建設。發展境外資源合作開發、工程承包和勞務合作。加強企業對外投資合作的金融支持，拓寬對外投資渠道。擴大境外投資備案登記制范圍。加強企業對外投資的風險控制和監管。

6.Energetically developing social programs and vigorously ensuring and improving the well-being of the people

（六）大力發展社會事業，著力保障和改善民生

This year we will concentrate on accomplishing major tasks that are urgently needed in economic and social development and directly related to the vital interests of the people to improve their well-being.今年要集中力量辦一些經濟社會發展急需、關系人民群眾切身利益的大事實事，讓人民群眾得到更多實惠。

We will do everything in our power to stimulate employment.We will make full use of the role of the service sector, labor-intensive industries, small and medium-sized enterprises, and the non-public sector of the economy in creating jobs.We will implement a more proactive employment policy, and the central government will allocate 42 billion yuan for this purpose.千方百計促進就業。充分發揮服務業、勞動密集型產業、中小企業、非公有制經濟在吸納就業中的作用。實施更加積極的就業政策，中央財政擬投入４２０億元資金。

First, we will give high priority to facilitating the employment of university graduates.Graduates who take jobs in public administration and public services at the community level in urban and rural areas will receive social security benefits and position subsidies.Those who either take jobs in villages or enlist in the army will receive tuition reimbursement and have their student loans forgiven.We will encourage institutions of higher learning, research institutes and enterprises undertaking key research projects to recruit qualified university graduates to do research work.Enterprises recruiting such graduates will receive relevant employment policy support from the government.We will speed up the establishment of startup

2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)industrial parks and incubation bases that require less investment and yield quicker results where college graduates can start their own businesses.一是把促進高校畢業生就業放在突出位置。高校畢業生到城鄉基層社會管理和公共服務崗位就業，給予社會保險和崗位補貼；到農村基層服務和參軍入伍，給予學費補償和代償助學貸款。鼓勵承擔重點科研項目的高校、科研院所和企業吸納符合條件的畢業生從事科研工作。企業吸納符合條件的高校畢業生就業，可按規定享受相關就業扶持政策。加快建設一批投資少、見效快的大學生創業園或創業孵化基地。

Second, we will expand employment opportunities for rural migrant workers in cities while stabilizing their existing jobs.We will stimulate their employment through government investment and the launch of major projects.We will encourage and help enterprises that are in a difficult situation to prevent layoffs by renegotiating wage levels with their employees, adopting flexible employment and work hours, or providing job training for them.We will increase the export of organized labor services and guide the orderly flow of rural migrant workers.We will arrange for those that have returned to their home villages to take part in the construction of local public facilities.二是廣開農民工就業門路和穩定現有就業崗位。要發揮政府投資和重大項目建設帶動農民工就業的作用。鼓勵和支持困難企業與員工協商薪酬，采取靈活用工、彈性工時、技能培訓等辦法，盡量不裁員。加強有組織的勞務輸出，引導農民工有序流動。組織返鄉農民工參與農村公共設施建設。

Third, we will help urban residents experiencing difficulty finding work, members of zero-employment households and workers in disaster-stricken areas find jobs.We will create more public-service jobs.三是幫助城鎮就業困難人員、零就業家庭和災區勞動力就業。進一步開辟公益性就業崗位。

Fourth, we will vigorously support individuals in starting their own businesses or finding jobs on their own, thus expanding employment by creating new businesses.We will adopt facilitating and preferential policies concerning market access, taxation, financing and land use to encourage more workers to become entrepreneurs.We will further lower the barrier for individuals, including rural migrant workers who have returned to their home villages, to start their own businesses and lend them more support in this area.四是大力支持自主創業、自謀職業，促進以創業帶動就業。在市場準入、財稅金融、經營用地等方面提供便利和優惠，鼓勵更多勞動者成為創業者。對自主創業、農民工返鄉創業要進一步降低門檻，給予更大支持。

2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)Fifth, we will further improve public services for employment.We will improve the release of employment information and provide more effective career and employment guidance.We will vigorously develop vocational training.We will increase policy support for skills training for rural migrant workers and urban residents experiencing employment difficulty.五是進一步改善對就業的公共服務。加強就業信息發布、職業介紹和就業指導工作。大力開展職業培訓。加大對就業困難人員和農民工職業技能培訓的政策扶持。

We will move faster to improve the social safety net.加快完善社會保障體系。

First, we will press ahead with institutional development.We will improve the basic old-age insurance system, continue to carryout the pilot projects to fully fund personal accounts for old-age insurance, and comprehensively carry out planning at the provincial level.We will formulate and implement a method for old-age pensions for rural migrant workers.The pilot projects for establishing a new type of old-age insurance system for rural residents will cover approximately 10% of the counties and county-level cities in the country.We will introduce a method for transferring old-age pension accounts for workers moving from one region to another, and improve the systems of unemployment, workers' compensation, and maternity insurance.We will improve the urban and rural social assistance systems.一是推進制度建設。完善基本養老保險制度，繼續開展做實個人賬戶試點，全面推進省級統籌。制定實施農民工養老保險辦法。新型農村社會養老保險試點要覆蓋全國１０％左右的縣（市）。出臺養老保險關系轉移接續辦法。完善失業、工傷、生育保險制度。健全城鄉社會救助制度。

Second, we will expand coverage of social security programs, focusing on coverage for employees in the non-public sector, rural migrant workers, farmers whose land was expropriated, people with flexible employment arrangements and freelancers.All rural residents entitled to cost of living allowances will receive them.We will increase funding for the national social safety net through multiple channels.We will strengthen supervision of social security funds to ensure their safety.二是擴大社會保障覆蓋范圍。重點做好非公有制經濟從業人員、農民工、被征地農民、靈活就業人員和自由職業者參保工作。農村低保要做到應保盡保。多渠道增加全國社會保障基金。切實加強社會保障基金監管，保證基金安全。

Third, we will increase social security benefits.We will continue to raise the basic old-age pensions for enterprise retirees by an annual average of about 10% per person for the next two years.We will continue to increase unemployment insurance

2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)benefits and workers' compensation.We will extend greater financial support to both urban and rural recipients of cost of living allowances and to childless and infirm rural residents who receive subsidies for food, clothing, medical care, housing and burial expenses, and increase subsidies and living allowances to members of entitled groups.We will vigorously develop social welfare and charity programs.The central government plans to spend 293 billion yuan on the social safety net this year, up 17.6% or 43.9 billion yuan over the estimated figure for last year.Local governments will also increase funding in this area.三是提高社會保障待遇。今明兩年繼續提高企業退休人員基本養老金，人均每年增長１０％左右。繼續提高失業保險金和工傷保險金標準。進一步提高城鄉低保、農村五保等保障水平，提高優撫對象撫恤和生活補助標準。大力發展社會福利事業和慈善事業。中央財政擬投入社會保障資金２９３０億元，比上年預計數增加４３９億元，增長１７．６％。地方財政也要加大投入。

We will continue to give priority to developing education.This year we will formulate the Outline of the National Medium-and Long-Term Program for Education Reform and Development to make comprehensive arrangements for education reform and development in China through 2020.This year, we need to focus on the following five areas.堅持優先發展教育事業。今年要研究制定國家中長期教育改革和發展規劃綱要，對２０２０年前我國教育改革發展作出全面部署。年內要重點抓好五個方面。

First, we will promote fairness in education.We will implement free compulsory education policies for both urban and rural areas well.We will increase public expenditures on rural compulsory education to 300 yuan per primary school student and 500 yuan per junior secondary school student.We will progressively ensure that children of rural migrant workers have access to free compulsory education in the places where their families have relocated.We will increase living allowances for rural students receiving compulsory education who come from poor families and stay in school dormitories.We will strive to basically clear the debts incurred in providing nine-year compulsory education in rural areas within three years.We will improve the national financial aid system for students and increase financial aid for secondary vocational school and university students from poor families to ensure that everyone enjoys equal opportunity to receive education and that no child is denied schooling due to financial difficulties.一是促進教育公平。落實好城鄉免費義務教育政策。提高農村義務教育公用經費標準，把小學、初中學生人均公用經費分別提高到３００元和５００元。逐步解決農民工子女在輸入地免費接受義務教育問題。增加農村義務教育階段家庭經濟困難寄宿生的生活補助。爭取三年內基本解決農村“普九”債務問題。完善國家助學制度，加大對中等職業學校和高等院校家庭經濟困難學生的資助，確保人人享有平等的受教育機會，不讓一個孩子因家庭經濟困難而失學。

2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)

Second, we will optimize the education structure.We will energetically develop vocational education, with the focus on supporting rural secondary vocational education.We will gradually make secondary vocational education free, beginning this year with rural students from poor families and students studying agriculture-related subjects.We will continue to improve the quality of higher education, develop high-quality universities and key disciplines, and guide institutions of higher learning to adapt their specialties, curriculums and courses to meet the needs of the market and China's economic and social development.二是優化教育結構。大力發展職業教育，特別要重點支持農村中等職業教育。逐步實行中等職業教育免費，今年先從農村家庭經濟困難學生和涉農專業做起。繼續提高高等教育質量，推進高水平大學和重點學科建設，引導高等學校調整專業和課程設置，適應市場和經濟社會發展需求。

Third, we will improve the quality of teachers.We will apply a performance-based salary system for teachers in compulsory education and raise salaries for the 12 million primary and secondary school teachers.The central government will spend 12 billion yuan and local governments will also increase funding for this purpose.We will step up training for all teachers, especially rural teachers, and encourage graduates from teachers colleges and other colleges and universities to teach at community and village schools.三是加強教師隊伍建設。對義務教育階段教師實行績效工資制度，提高１２００萬中小學教師待遇，中央財政為此將投入１２０億元，地方財政也要增加投入。全面加強教師特別是農村教師培訓，鼓勵大學生、師范生到基層、農村任教。

Fourth, we will advance well-rounded education.Education of all types and at all levels must focus on promoting all-round development of students.Reform of curriculums, textbooks, teaching methods and examination and evaluation systems should be accelerated to relieve primary and secondary school students of their excessive study load so that they will have more time to think, practice and create.四是推進素質教育。各級各類教育都要著眼于促進人的全面發展，加快課程、教材、教育方法和考試評價制度改革，把中小學生從過重的課業負擔中解放出來，讓學生有更多的時間思考、實踐、創造。

Fifth, we will implement a program to ensure that all primary and secondary school buildings are safe and promote standardization in the construction of rural primary and secondary schools.We will make school buildings places that are the safest and provide the greatest assurance to parents.五是實施全國中小學校舍安全工程，推進農村中小學標準化建設。要把學校建成最安全、家長最放心的地方。

2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)

We will carry forward pharmaceutical and health care reform and development.We will ensure that public medical and health care services serve the public good and fully arouse the initiative of health workers.We will work hard to establish a nationwide basic medical and health care system for both urban and rural areas to begin providing universal coverage.We will focus on the following five areas starting from this year.推進醫藥衛生事業改革發展。要堅持公共醫療衛生的公益性質，充分調動廣大醫務人員的積極性。努力建成覆蓋全國城鄉的基本醫療衛生制度，初步實現人人享有基本醫療衛生服務。從今年開始，重點抓好以下五項工作。

First, we will develop a system that ensures basic medical care.Urban residents will be covered by basic medical insurance for urban workers or basic medical insurance for non-working urban residents, and rural residents will be covered by the new type of rural cooperative medical care system.We will ensure that these programs cover over 90% of those eligible within three years.The central government will provide appropriate subsidies for retirees from closed or bankrupt state-owned enterprises in financially strained regions to get such insurance.We will continue to raise the standard for financing and increase government subsidies for basic medical insurance for non-working urban residents and the new type of rural cooperative medical care system, appropriately expand the scope of reimbursement and raise the proportion of costs reimbursed.We will improve urban and rural medical assistance programs and improve the level of assistance.一是推進基本醫療保障制度建設。將全國城鄉居民分別納入城鎮職工基本醫療保險、城鎮居民基本醫療保險和新型農村合作醫療制度覆蓋范圍，三年內參保率均提高到９０％以上。中央財政對困難地區關閉破產國有企業退休人員參保給予適當補助。繼續提高城鎮居民醫保和新農合籌資標準和財政補助標準，適當擴大報銷范圍，提高報銷比例。完善城鄉醫療救助制度，提高救助水平。

Second, we will establish a national system for basic drugs.This year, we will formulate and promulgate a unified national basic drugs catalog and adopt policies concerning their production, distribution, pricing, use and insurance reimbursement in order to ease the burden on patients for the cost of basic drugs.二是建立國家基本藥物制度。今年要統一制定和發布國家基本藥物目錄，出臺基本藥物生產、流通、定價、使用和醫保報銷政策，減輕群眾看病就醫基本用藥費用負擔。

Third, we will improve the community-level medical and health service system.This year, we will complete the building of 29,000health clinics in towns and townships supported by the plan.In the coming three years, the central government will allocate funds to support the building of another 5,000 central health clinics in towns and townships, 2,000 county-level hospitals and 2,400 community health

2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)service centers in urban areas.We will support the construction of health care clinics in villages in remote regions and ensure that all incorporated villages have their own health care clinics.三是健全基層醫療衛生服務體系。今年要全面完成規劃支持的２．９萬所鄉鎮衛生院建設任務。今后三年內中央財政再支持５０００所中心鄉鎮衛生院、２０００所縣級醫院和２４００所城市社區衛生服務中心建設。支持邊遠地區村衛生室建設，實現全國每個行政村都有衛生室。

Fourth, we will steadily promote equal access for all to basic public health services.We will expand the scope of free public health services and ensure that the per capita public health service expenditure for both urban and rural residents is not less than 15 yuan, a level that will rise gradually in the future.We will appropriate more funds to prevent and control major communicable diseases, chronic and occupational diseases, and endemics.四是促進基本公共衛生服務逐步均等化。擴大免費公共衛生服務范圍，城鄉居民人均公共衛生服務經費不低于１５元，以后逐步提高。增加重大傳染病、慢性病和職業病、地方病防治的專項投入。

Fifth, we will carry forward pilot reforms in public hospitals with the emphasis on reforms in their management system and their operation and oversight mechanisms.We will encourage every locality to seek effective ways to separate government administration from medical practice, management from operations, medical care from drugs, and for-profit from nonprofit operations.We will gradually eliminate the practice of hospitals subsidizing their medical services with drug sales and reform the mechanism of subsidizing public hospitals.We will encourage all localities to seek ways to establish a medical service pricing mechanism based on consultations among stakeholders and establish a system whereby relevant institutions, representatives of the general public, and experts oversee and evaluate the quality of medical services.We will give full play to traditional Chinese medicine and folk medicines of ethnic minorities in disease prevention and control.Governments at all levels will allocate an additional 850 billion yuan in the next three years, including 331.8 billion yuan from the central government, to ensure smooth progress in the reform of the system of pharmaceuticals and health care.Because this reform concerns the people's health-related rights and interests, we need to improve leadership, make plans and arrangements carefully, progress vigorously yet prudently, and effectively solve the problem of medical services being unaffordable and inadequate, in order to provide safe, effective, convenient and affordable medical and health care services for the people.五是推進公立醫院改革試點。重點改革管理體制、運行機制和監管機制。鼓勵各地探索政事分開、管辦分開、醫藥分開、營利性和非營利性分開的有效形式。逐步取消以藥補醫機制，推進公立醫院補償機制改革。鼓勵各地探索建立醫療服

2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)務由利益相關方參與協商的定價機制，建立由有關機構、群眾代表和專家參與的質量監管和評價制度。要充分發揮中醫藥和民族醫藥在防病治病中的重要作用。今后三年各級政府擬投入８５００億元，其中中央財政投入３３１８億元，以保證醫藥衛生體制改革的順利推進。醫藥衛生體制改革事關人民群眾的健康權益，我們要加強領導、精心設計、認真組織，積極穩妥地推進，切實解決看病貴、看病難問題，為人民群眾提供安全、有效、方便、價廉的醫療衛生服務。

We will do our work related to population and family planning well and maintain a low birthrate.From this year on, we will introduce a policy in all rural areas to subsidize hospitalized childbirth, provide regular prenatal checkups and postpartum visits for women, and monitor the growth of infants and toddlers less than three years of age.We will intensify our efforts to prevent birth defects.We will increase the reward to rural women at or above the age of 60 who have complied with family planning regulations from 600 yuan to 720 yuan per person.We will improve services for and intensify management of the floating population and better protect the rights and interests of women and minors.We will provide routine gynecological examinations for rural women.We will support and accelerate programs benefiting people with disabilities.We will continue to intensify our work concerning the elderly.做好人口和計劃生育工作，穩定低生育水平。從今年開始，在全國農村實行住院分娩補助政策，定期為孕產婦做產前檢查和產后訪視，為３歲以下嬰幼兒做生長發育檢查。加強出生缺陷預防工作。將農村部分計劃生育家庭獎勵扶助標準由人均６００元提高到７２０元。加強流動人口服務和管理。保護婦女和未成年人權益。在農村婦女中開展婦科疾病定期檢查。支持殘疾人事業加快發展。繼續加強老齡工作。

We will vigorously develop culture and sports.Developing cultural programs and promoting cultural enrichment will help not only enrich people's cultural lives but also expand avenues of consumption.We need to vigorously develop non-profit cultural programs and accelerate improvement of the system of public cultural services.We will intensify construction of key cultural facilities as well as community-based cultural facilities in both urban and rural areas, particularly the project to extend radio and TV coverage to all villages, and the construction of multipurpose cultural centers in towns and townships and small libraries in rural areas, and we will vigorously promote cultural projects that benefit the people.We will help accelerate the development of cultural industries, improve policy support for them and foster leading cultural enterprises.We will help philosophy and the social sciences flourish, and actively develop literature, the arts, radio, TV, film, the press and publishing.We will strengthen development and management of Internet culture and effectively protect our cultural relics and intangible cultural heritage.We will reform management and operation of nonprofit cultural institutions and transform for-profit cultural agencies into enterprises.We will build more and better community-based public sports facilities, vigorously promote mass sports activities, raise the level of competitive sports and develop the sports industry.43 2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)

大力發展文化體育事業。促進文化發展和繁榮，既有利于豐富人們的精神文化生活，也可以拓展消費領域。積極發展公益性文化事業，加快完善公共文化服務體系，加強重點文化設施、城鄉基層文化設施特別是廣播電視“村村通”和鄉鎮綜合文化站、農家書屋建設，努力推進文化惠民工程。支持文化產業加快發展，完善扶持政策，培育骨干文化企業。繁榮哲學社會科學，積極發展文學藝術、廣播影視、新聞出版事業。加強網絡文化建設和管理。做好文物和非物質文化遺產保護。推進公益性文化事業單位管理體制、運行機制改革和經營性文化單位轉企改制。加強基層公共體育設施建設，大力開展群眾性體育活動，提高競技體育水平，發展體育產業。

We will strengthen the development of democracy and the legal system.We will carry out political restructuring in an active yet prudent manner and develop socialist democratic politics.We need to improve democratic institutions, enrich the forms of democracy, expand its channels, and carry out democratic elections, decision-making, administration and oversight in accordance with the law.We will improve the mechanisms of self-governance by the people at the community level and expand the scope of community-level self-governance, improve the system for community-level democratic administration and ensure that the people directly exercise their democratic rights and administer community-level public affairs and public programs in accordance with the law.We will increase publicity of and education in the law, intensify education about citizenship, and promote the values of socialist democracy, the rule of law, freedom, equality, equity and justice.We will coordinate development of urban and rural communities and promote the healthy growth of civic organizations.We will strengthen government work concerning the law, increase transparency in government legislation, expand public participation therein, and ensure that the law is enforced in a standardized, fair and civilized manner.加強民主法制建設。積極穩妥地推進政治體制改革，發展社會主義民主政治。要健全民主制度，豐富民主形式，拓寬民主渠道，依法實行民主選舉、民主決策、民主管理、民主監督。要健全基層群眾自治機制，擴大基層群眾自治范圍，完善基層民主管理制度，保障人民群眾依法直接行使民主權利、管理基層公共事務和公共事業。深入開展法制宣傳教育，加強公民意識教育，樹立社會主義民主法治、自由平等、公平正義理念。統籌推進城鄉社區建設，促進社會組織健康發展。加強政府法制工作，提高政府立法透明度和公眾參與度，做到規范、公正、文明執法。

We will strengthen public administration and maintain harmony and stability in society.We need to pay special attention to safeguarding people's legitimate rights and interests, correctly handle problems among the people, properly deal with their complaints in a timely manner, and resolutely correct all actions that harm their interests.We will improve the mechanism for mediating, handling and resolving social tensions and guide the people in expressing their concerns relating to their interests by reasonable and lawful means.We will adhere to the system whereby

2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)leading cadres, especially principal ones, handle people's letters and receive people's visits in order to serve the people and resolve conflicts.We will improve the early-warning system for social stability to actively prevent and properly handle all types of mass incidents.We will launch intensive campaigns to ensure public security and maintain law and order through a full range of measures.We will be on high alert for and severely crack down on criminal offenses in accordance with the law in order to safeguard national security and social stability.加強社會管理，維護社會和諧安定。要特別重視維護群眾合法權益，正確處理人民內部矛盾，及時合理解決群眾反映的問題，堅決糾正各種損害群眾利益的行為。健全社會矛盾糾紛調處化解機制，引導群眾以理性合法的方式表達利益訴求。堅持領導干部特別是主要領導干部處理群眾來信和接待群眾來訪制度，服務群眾，化解矛盾。健全社會穩定預警機制，積極預防和妥善處置各類群體性事件。深入開展平安創建活動，加強社會治安綜合治理。嚴密防范、依法嚴厲打擊各類違法犯罪活動，維護國家安全和社會穩定。

7.Intensifying government self-improvement and making the government better able to manage overall economic and social development

（七）推進政府自身建設，提高駕馭經濟社會發展全局的能力

Achievements were made in reforming the government and intensifying its self-improvement over the past year, but they still fall considerably short of what the people expect.The functions of government have not yet been completely transformed.Administrative efficiency needs to rise.Formalism and bureaucratism are still pronounced.Corruption remains a serious problem in some localities, departments and areas.Tremendous effort is needed to solve all these problems.We need to focus on the overall objectives of sustaining economic growth, ensuring people's well-being and maintaining stability, and intensify the work of government self-improvement.過去一年，政府自身改革和建設取得了新的成績，但與人民的期待仍有不小差距。政府職能轉變還不到位，行政效率有待提高，形式主義、官僚主義比較突出，腐敗現象在一些地方、部門和領域比較嚴重。這些問題必須下大氣力解決。要緊緊圍繞保增長、保民生、保穩定這個大局，加強政府自身建設。

We will continue to run the government in accordance with the law.We will standardize government administration, ensure that our administration is based on law and reason, executed through proper procedures, highly efficient, convenient for the public, honest and trustworthy, and that authority and responsibility are united.We will thoroughly implement the Administrative Permit Law, continue to carry out reform of the administrative examination and approval system, reduce the number of items it covers, especially investment examination and approval and project approval, and ensure that enterprises make their own investment decisions.We will promote fair competition, break regional blockades and industry monopolies, and organize and

2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)mobilize all social resources to promote economic growth.By ensuring that all government departments fully and properly execute their functions, we will create a favorable environment for development, and increase enterprises' confidence in investment, individuals' confidence in consumption and people's confidence in the development of the country.堅持依法行政。規范行政行為，做到合法行政、合理行政、程序正當、高效便民、誠實守信、權責統一。深入貫徹行政許可法，繼續推進行政審批制度改革，減少行政許可和審批事項，特別要減少投資審批、項目核準，落實企業的投資主體地位。促進公平競爭，消除地區封鎖，打破行業壟斷，組織調動各種社會資源，促進經濟增長。通過全面正確履行政府職能，創造良好發展環境，增強企業投資的信心，增強社會消費的信心，增強人民群眾對國家發展的信心。

We will make decisions scientifically and democratically.In all decisions we make, the procedures need to be lawful and standardized, the process democratic and open, and the results scientific and equitable.In formulating and implementing major government policies and decisions, we need to conduct thorough research and studies, heed people's concerns, solicit their opinions, pool their wisdom, act in accordance with objective laws, and make our policies and decisions more foresighted, scientific and effective.We need to make government affairs more open and transparent.We will ensure the people's right to stay informed about, to participate in, to express views on, and to oversee government affairs, and keep them informed as to what the government is thinking and doing so that we can win their thorough understanding, wide support and active participation.The government is investing a large sum of money and launching numerous new projects this year, and we will ensure they receive proper oversight.We will prohibit image projects that waste both human and financial resources and vanity projects that are divorced from reality, and will never allow any organization or individual to exploit the surge in public spending for private gain.Governments at all levels must conscientiously subject themselves to the oversight by the people's congresses and the democratic oversight by the CPPCC committees at their corresponding levels.We will tighten professional oversight by supervision and auditing departments, and attach great importance to oversight by the public and the news media.We will strive to make sure that oversight takes place wherever administrative power is exercised and that government funds will be audited wherever they are used.實行科學民主決策。各項決策都要做到程序依法規范、過程民主公開、結果科學公正。政府重大決策的形成和執行都要加強調查研究，做到察民情、聽民意、聚民智，尊重客觀規律，提高決策的預見性、科學性和有效性。要推進政務公開，增加透明度，保障人民群眾的知情權、參與權、表達權、監督權，讓人民群眾知道政府在想什么、做什么，贏得人民群眾的充分理解、廣泛支持和積極參與。今年政府投資力度大、新上項目多，要確保監管到位，絕不能搞勞民傷財的“形象工程”和脫離實際的“政績工程”，絕不允許利用擴大公共投資為單位和個人謀取私利。各級政府都要自覺接受人大監督和政協民主監督，強化監察、審計等專門

2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)監督，高度重視人民群眾監督和新聞輿論監督，做到行政權力運行到哪里，監督就落實到哪里，財政資金運用到哪里，審計就跟進到哪里。

We will earnestly improve our conduct.Governments at all levels need to resolutely implement the policy decisions and arrangements of the central leadership, stay firmly grounded in reality, and work creatively to ensure all policies are carried out fully and effectively.Leading cadres need to conduct thorough research and studies to promptly discover and resolve problems, maintain close contact with the people, show concern for their sufferings, listen to their opinions, and help them solve their problems.Government employees need to always maintain high morale, embody a vigorous spirit and work with the people to meet challenges head on, break new ground through hard work and tide over bad times together.切實轉變工作作風。各級政府要堅定地貫徹中央的決策部署，緊密結合實際，創造性地開展工作，使中央的各項政策落到實處，收到實效。領導干部要深入調查研究，及時發現問題，解決問題；密切聯系群眾，關心群眾疾苦，傾聽群眾呼聲，為群眾排憂解難。政府工作人員要始終保持昂揚向上、奮發有為的精神狀態，和廣大人民群眾一道知難而進，開拓進取，艱苦奮斗，共克時艱。

We will strengthen our efforts to promote clean government and combat corruption.We will focus on standardizing institutions and limiting the exercise of power, and prevent and punish corruption at its source in areas and links prone to corruption.We will resolutely investigate and prosecute corruption cases and punish corruptionists in accordance with the law.We must discharge our duties with great diligence and, through our actions and achievements, build a government that is for the people and is pragmatic, clean and efficient to satisfy people's needs and win their trust.加強廉政建設和反腐敗工作。以規范制度和制約權力為核心，針對腐敗現象易發多發的領域和環節，從源頭上防治腐敗。堅決查處腐敗案件，依法懲處腐敗分子。我們一定要勤勉盡責，以實際行動和工作業績，建設為民、務實、廉潔、高效的政府，讓人民放心，讓人民滿意。

Fellow Deputies, 各位代表！

Promoting unity among all ethnic groups and achieving common development and prosperity serves the fundamental interests of the people of all our ethnic groups.We will fully implement the Law on Regional Ethnic Autonomy and ensure that the policies and measures of the central government supporting economic and social development of ethnic minorities and ethnic minority areas are effectively implemented.We will continue to increase support to ethnic groups with small populations.We will expand coverage of the “bring prosperity to border areas and residents” campaign to all border counties and the Xinjiang Production and

2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)Construction Corps' regimental pastures and farms in border areas.We will support more rapid development of pastoral areas and ethnic minority mountain regions.We will unswervingly uphold national unity and further develop socialist ethnic relations based on equality, unity, mutual assistance and harmony.促進各民族共同團結奮斗、共同繁榮發展，是各族人民的根本利益所在。要全面貫徹民族區域自治法，確保中央支持少數民族和民族地區經濟社會發展的政策措施落到實處。繼續加大對人口較少民族的扶持力度。推進興邊富民行動覆蓋所有邊境縣和新疆生產建設兵團邊境團場。支持牧區和少數民族聚居山區加快發展。堅定不移地維護民族團結，進一步構建平等、團結、互助、和諧的社會主義民族關系。

We will fully implement the Party's basic principles on work related to religions and enable religious figures and people with religious belief to play a positive role in promoting economic and social development.全面貫徹黨的宗教工作基本方針，發揮宗教界人士和信教群眾在促進經濟社會發展中的積極作用。

We will diligently implement the Party's policy on matters related to overseas Chinese nationals and support overseas Chinese nationals, returned overseas Chinese and their relatives in showing concern for and participating in the modernization and peaceful reunification of the motherland.認真貫徹黨的僑務政策，支持海外僑胞、歸僑僑眷關心和參與祖國現代化建設與和平統一大業。

Last year significant progress was made in the modernization of national defense and the army.The People's Liberation Army played an important role in safeguarding China's sovereignty, security and territorial integrity, supporting its modernization drive, and completing urgent, difficult, dangerous and daunting tasks.In the coming year, we need to make our army more revolutionary, modern and standardized, focusing on enabling it to fully carry out its historic missions in the new stage and in the new century.We will strengthen ideological and political work in the army.We will effectively transform our military training based on mechanized warfare to military training for warfare under conditions of greater IT application, and continue to enhance the army's ability to respond to multiple security threats and accomplish a diverse array of military tasks.We will modernize weapons, equipment and logistics support across the board.We will improve defense-related research, the weapons and equipment production system, the military personnel training system, and the army's logistics support system that integrate civilian with military purposes and combine military efforts with civilian support.We will actively and steadily carry out reform of the army to inject more vigor and vitality into army building.We will intensify the improvement of the People's Armed Police Force to make it better able to carry out its

2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)duties, respond to emergencies, combat terrorism and safeguard stability.We will strengthen defense mobilization and reserve forces.We will strengthen and develop unity between the army and the government and between the army and the people.過去的一年，國防和軍隊現代化建設取得重要進展。人民解放軍為維護國家主權、安全和領土完整，支持國家現代化建設，完成急難險重任務，發揮了重要作用。在新的一年，要著眼全面履行新世紀新階段軍隊歷史使命，推進軍隊革命化、現代化、正規化建設。大力加強軍隊思想政治工作。扎實推進機械化條件下軍事訓練向信息化條件下軍事訓練轉變，不斷提高應對多種安全威脅、完成多樣化軍事任務的能力。全面提高武器裝備和后勤保障的現代化水平。完善軍民結合、寓軍于民的國防科研和武器裝備生產體系、軍隊人才培養體系和軍隊保障體系。積極穩妥地推進軍隊改革，增強軍隊建設的生機與活力。加強人民武裝警察部隊建設，增強執勤、處置突發事件、反恐、維穩能力。加強國防動員和后備力量建設。鞏固發展軍政軍民團結。

Fellow Deputies, 各位代表！

We will unswervingly adhere to the principle of “one country, two systems” under which Hong Kong people administer Hong Kong and Macao people administer Macao with a high degree of autonomy, and fully support the Hong Kong and Macao Special Administrative Regions in actively responding to the global financial crisis and maintaining their prosperity and stability.We will increase cooperation between the mainland and the two regions, consolidate Hong Kong's position as an international financial center and promote an appropriate level of diversity in Macao's economy.We will accelerate the pilot program for the mainland, Hong Kong and Macao to use RMB as the settlement currency for trade in goods.We will constantly deepen and expand cooperation between Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao.We will accelerate construction of infrastructure such as the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge, the Hong Kong-Shenzhen Airport Rail Link and the Guangzhou-Shenzhen-Hong Kong Express Rail Link.We will give Hong Kong and Macao greater access to the mainland's service sector.We will adopt effective measures to support development of Hong Kong-and Macao-funded enterprises on the mainland, particularly small and medium-sized enterprises, and help ease their difficulties.The great motherland will always provide strong backing to Hong Kong and Macao.We firmly believe that our compatriots in Hong Kong and Macao will surmount their current difficulties and create an even brighter future.我們將堅定不移地貫徹“一國兩制”、“港人治港”、“澳人治澳”、高度自治的方針，全力支持香港、澳門兩個特別行政區積極應對國際金融危機，保持繁榮穩定。進一步加強內地與港澳的合作，鞏固香港國際金融中心地位，促進澳門經濟適度多元發展。加快推進與港澳地區貨物貿易的人民幣結算試點。不斷拓展粵港澳三地合作的深度和廣度。加快推動港珠澳大橋、港深機場鐵路、廣深港高速鐵路等基礎設施建設。擴大內地服務業對港澳的開放。采取有效措施支持港澳在內

2009年政府工作報告(中英文對照)地企業特別是中小企業發展，緩解經營困難。偉大祖國永遠是香港、澳門的堅強后盾。我們堅信，香港、澳門同胞一定能夠克服面臨的困難，開創更加美好的明天！

Last year important progress was made in our Taiwan-related work.Positive changes occurred in the situation in Taiwan, and major breakthroughs were made in cross-Straits relations.Consultations between the two sides of the Taiwan Straits were resumed on the basis of the 1992 Consensus, and complete, direct and two-way mail, transport and trade links were established.The two sides enjoyed more frequent people-to-people exchanges, closer economic ties, more active cultural exchanges and broader common interests.Cross-Straits relations have embarked on the track of peaceful development.In the coming year, we will continue to adhere to the principle of developing cross-Straits relations and promoting peaceful reunification of the motherland.We will remain committed to the goal of peaceful development of cross-Straits relations, and work actively to build a framework for and strive to achieve new progress in the peaceful development of cross-Straits relations.We will continue to comprehensively strengthen cross-Straits economic cooperation to jointly respond to the global financial crisis.We will actively promote financial cooperation across the Straits, support the development of Taiwan-funded enterprises on the mainland, provide financing services for qualified ones, and encourage their independent innovation, transformation and upgrading.We will strengthen two-way investment and industrial cooperation and expand and deepen agricultural cooperation between the two sides.We will support economic development on the west coast of the Straits in Fujian Province and in other areas where Taiwan investment is concentrated.We will accelerate normalization of cross-Straits economic relations and facilitate the signing of a comprehensive agreement on economic cooperation, and gradually establish economic cooperation mechanisms tailored to both sides of the Straits.We will increase contacts between individuals, expand exchanges among all sectors of society, vigorously promote Chinese culture and consolidate the common cultural bonds between the two sides.We will work on the basis of the one-China principle to enhance mutual political trust between the two sides.Based on this, we are ready to make fair and reasonable arrangements through consultation on the issue of Taiwan's participation in the activities of international organizations.We are also ready to hold talks on cross-Straits political and military issues and create conditions for ending the state of hostility and concluding a peace agreement between the two sides of the Taiwan Straits.We are convinced that, with the concerted efforts of the people on both sides of the Straits, we will achieve complete reunification of the motherland and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.過去的一年，對臺工作取得重要進展，臺灣局勢發生積極變化，兩岸關系取得重大突破。兩岸協商在“九二共識”基礎上得到恢復，全面直接雙向“三通”已經實現。兩岸同胞往來更頻繁、經濟聯系更密切、文化交流更活躍、共同利益更廣泛，兩岸關系開始步入和平發展軌道。新的一年里，我們要繼續堅持發展兩岸關系、促進祖國和平統一的大政方針，牢牢把握兩岸關系和平發展的主題，積極構

第四篇：2010政府工作報告中英文對照版

2010年政府工作報告中英文對照版

在

2010年政府工作報告中英文對照版

founding of New China.The outstanding achievements we made in that time have greatly boosted the confidence and pride of the people, strengthened the cohesiveness of the Chinese nation, and raised China's international standing and influence.All this definitely encourages us to continue to forge ahead on the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics.一年來，我們主要做了以下工作：

Over the last year, we mainly undertook the following work.（一）加強和改善宏觀調控，促進經濟平穩較快發展。我們實行積極的財政政策和適度寬松的貨幣政策，全面實施并不斷完善應對國際金融危機的一攬子計劃。大規模增加財政支出和實行結構性減稅，保持貨幣信貸快速增長，提高貨幣政策的可持續性，擴大直接融資規模，滿足經濟社會發展的資金需求，有效擴大了內需，很快扭轉了經濟增速下滑趨勢。

1.Strengthening and improving macro-control and promoting steady and rapid economic development.We carried out a proactive fiscal policy and a moderately easy monetary policy.We comprehensively implemented and constantly improved the package plan for addressing the global financial crisis.We significantly increased government spending, implemented structural tax reductions, rapidly increased supplies of money and credit, made our monetary policy more sustainable, and increased the amount of direct financing.We thus ensured funding for economic and social development, effectively boosted domestic demand, and quickly reversed the slowdown in economic growth.著力擴大居民消費。我們鼓勵消費的政策領域之寬、力度之大、受惠面之廣前所未有。中央財政投入資金 450億元，補貼家電汽車摩托車下鄉、汽車家電以舊換新和農機具購置。減半征收小排量汽車購置稅，減免住房交易相關稅收，支持自住性住房消費。全年汽車銷售1364萬輛，增長46.2%；商品房銷售9.37億平方米，增長42.1%；社會消費品零售總額實際增長16.9%，消費對經濟增長的拉動作用明顯增強。

We vigorously expanded consumer spending.Our policies to encourage consumption covered more areas, were stronger and benefited more people than ever before.The central government provided 45 billion yuan in subsidies for rural residents to purchase home appliances and motor vehicles, including motorbikes.Part of the subsidies also supported trading-in old motor vehicles and home appliances for new ones and purchasing agricultural machinery and tools.We halved the purchase tax on small-displacement automobiles.We reduced or exempted taxes on buying and selling homes to support the purchase of homes to be used as their owners' residences.Throughout the year 13.64 million motor vehicles were sold, an increase of 46.2%;commodity housing sales amounted to 937 million square meters, up 42.1%;and total retail sales of consumer goods increased 16.9% in real terms: Consumption played a much bigger role in fueling economic growth.促進投資快速增長。我們發揮政府投資“四兩撥千斤”的作用，引導帶動社會投資。實施兩年新增4萬億元的投資計劃。2009年中央政府公共投資9243億元，比上年預算增加5038億元，其中，保障性住房、農村民生工程、社會事業投資占44%，自主創新、結構調整、節能減排和生態建設占16%，重大基礎設施建設占23%，災后恢復重建占14%。全社會固定資產投資增長30.1%，投資結構進一步優化。投資快速增長有效彌補了外需下降的缺口，加強了薄弱環節，為經濟社會長遠發展奠定了堅實的基礎。

We promoted rapid growth in investment.We guided and stimulated non-government investment by means of well-leveraged government investment.We implemented a plan to invest an additional 4 trillion yuan over two years.In 2009, the central government's public investment was 924.3 billion yuan, 503.8 billion yuan more than in the previous year's budget.Of this, 44% was invested in.low-income housing, projects to improve the wellbeing of rural residents, and social programs;16% in independent innovation, restructuring, energy conservation, emissions reductions, and ecological improvement;23% in major infrastructure projects;and 14% in post-Wenchuan earthquake recovery and reconstruction.Fixed asset investment increased.30.1% nationwide.We further improved the investment structure.Rapid investment growth effectively compensated for the shortfall created by shrinking external demand, strengthened weak links, and laid a solid foundation for long-term economic and social development 我們加快推進汶川地震災后恢復重建，重災區已完成投資6545億元，占規劃總投資的65.5%。國家的大力支持，全國人民的無私援助，災區群眾的艱苦奮斗，使遭受重大創傷的災區呈現出嶄新面貌。一座座新城拔地而起，一個個村莊煥發出蓬勃生機。這充分體現了中華民族的無疆大愛，有力彰顯了社會主義制度的無比優越。

We accelerated the post-Wenchuan earthquake recovery and reconstruction work.We have already invested 654.5

2010年政府工作報告中英文對照版

billion yuan, 65.5% of the total planned investment, in the worst hit areas.Thanks to the government's strong support, the selfless assistance of people throughout the country, and the hard work of residents of the earthquake area, the badly damaged areas have taken on a brand-new appearance, with new towns rising straight out of the ground, and villages brimming with vitality.All this fully reflects the boundless love of the Chinese nation and powerfully demonstrates the incomparable superiority of the socialist system.（二）大力調整經濟結構，夯實長遠發展基礎。我們把保增長與調結構緊密結合起來，加快解決制約經濟發展的結構性矛盾。

2.Vigorously carrying out economic restructuring, and shoring up the foundation for long-term development.We closely integrated sustaining economic growth with economic restructuring, and moved more quickly to resolve structural problems limiting economic development.“三農”工作進一步加強。中央財政用于“三農”的支出7253億元，增長21.8%。大幅度提高糧食最低收購價。啟動實施全國新增千億斤糧食生產能力建設規劃。繼續改善農村生產生活條件，農村飲水安全工程使6069萬農民受益，新增510萬沼氣用戶，新建和改造農村公路38萬公里、農村電網線路26.6萬公里，又有80萬戶農村危房得到改造，9.2萬戶游牧民實現了定居。我們加大扶貧力度，貧困地區的生產生活條件得到明顯改善。

We further strengthened the work related to agriculture, rural areas, and farmers.The central government used 725.3 billion yuan to support agriculture, rural areas, and farmers, an increase of 21.8%.We raised the minimum grain purchase prices by a large margin.We began implementation of 'the plan to increase grain production capacity by 50 million tons nationwide.We continued to improve living and working conditions in rural areas.We implemented rural drinking water safety projects that benefited 60.69 million people, increased the number of methane gas users by 5.1.million, built and upgraded 380,000 kilometers of roads and 266,000 kilometers of electric power lines and renovated 800,000 dilapidated houses in the countryside, and helped build permanent housing for 92,000 nomadic families.We also intensified our efforts to fight poverty.As a result, working and living conditions notably improved in poverty-stricken areas.產業結構調整力度加大。制定并實施十大重點產業調整振興規劃。鼓勵企業加快技術改造，安排200億元技改專項資金支持4441個技改項目。重點行業兼并重組取得新進展。下大力氣抑制部分行業產能過剩和重復建設，關停小火電機組2617萬千瓦，淘汰落后的煉鋼產能1691萬噸、煉鐵產能2113萬噸、水泥產能7416萬噸、焦炭產能1809萬噸。加快實施國家科技重大專項，中央財政用于科技的支出1512億元，增長30%。積極支持自主創新產品推廣應用，清潔能源、2010年政府工作報告中英文對照版

綜合治理水土流失面積4.8萬平方公里。加強“三河三湖”等重點流域水污染防治和工業廢水廢氣廢渣治理。“十一五”前四年累計單位國內生產總值能耗下降 14.38%，化學需氧量、二氧化硫排放量分別下降9.66%和13.14%。積極開展應對氣候變化工作，明確提出2020年我國控制溫室氣體排放行動目標和政策措施。氣象預報預警和地震監測工作得到加強，災害防御能力不斷提升。

We made solid progress in conserving energy, reducing emissions and protecting the environment.We supported 2,983 key energy conservation and recycling projects through budgetary investment.We implemented a project to promote energy-efficient products for the benefit of the people, putting into use more than 5 million energy-saving air-conditioners and 150 million energy-efficient light bulbs.We continued to develop key ecological projects in the forestry industry, and completed the afforestation of 5.88 million hectares, thereby raising the percentage of land covered by forest to 20.36%.Through combined measures, we brought soil erosion on 48,000 square kilometers of land under control.We strengthened the prevention and treatment of water pollution in the key watersheds of the Huai, Hai, and Liao rivers and Tai, Chao, and Dianchi lakes, and improved the control of wastewater, gases and residues from industry.Over the first four years of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period, energy consumption per unit of GDP fell 14.38%，and chemical oxygen demand and sulfur dioxide emissions decreased 9.66% and 13.14% respectively.We made vigorous efforts to respond to climate change, and set forth our country's targets, policies and measures for controlling greenhouse gas emissions by 2020.We improved our weather forecasting and early warning;as well as earthquake monitoring, and constantly improved our disaster prevention and protection capabilities.區域協調發展邁出新步伐。深入實施區域發展總體戰略，制定若干區域發展重大規劃和政策。中西部和東北地區加快開放開發，積極承接產業轉移，發展基礎不斷夯實；東部地區加快結構和自主創新，經濟發展活力增強。區域發展呈現布局改善、結構優化、協調性提高的良好態勢。

We took new steps in balancing development between regions.We thoroughly implemented the overall strategy for regional development;and formulated several major regional development plans and policies.The central and western regions and northeast China accelerated opening up and development, welcomed industries relocated from other parts of the country, and continuously strengthened their foundation for development.The eastern region accelerated restructuring and independent innovation, and the vitality of its economic development increased.A favorable situation emerged in which regional development was better distributed, structured and coordinated.（三）堅持深化改革開放，不斷完善有利于科學發展的體制機制。我們把深化改革開放作為應對國際金融危機的強大動力，努力消除體制障礙，不斷提高對外開放水平。

3.Steadfastly deepening reform and opening up, and constantly improving institutions and mechanisms conducive to developing scientifically.We deepened reform and opening up to respond more powerfully to the global financial crisis, worked hard to remove institutional obstacles and continued to open wider to the outside world.重點領域和關鍵環節改革加快推進。增值稅轉型全面實施。成品油價格和稅費改革順利推進，新的成品油價格形成機制規范運行。國家開發銀行商業化轉型和農業銀行股份制改革扎實推進，跨境貿易人民幣結算試點啟動實施。創業板正式推出，為自主創新及其他成長型創業企業開辟了新的融資渠道。地方政府機構改革有序開展，事業單位分類改革試點穩步進行。集體林權制度改革全面推開，15億畝林地確權到戶，占全國集體林地面積的60%，這是繼土地家庭承包之后我國農村經營制度的又一重大變革。

We accelerated reform in key areas and links.We comprehensively carried out VAT reform.The reform of the prices of refined oil products and taxes and fees on them was implemented smoothly, and a new mechanism for pricing them worked well.We made solid progress in commercializing the China Development Bank and introducing the joint stock system in the Agricultural Bank of China, and launched a pilot project to use the renminbi as the settlement currency for cross-border trade.The ChiNext stock market was officially launched, which opened a new financing channel for enterprises based on independent innovation and other growth enterprises.We proceeded with the reform of local government departments in an orderly manner, and steadily carried out a trial of reforming institutions by type.We comprehensively launched the reform of tenure in collective forests.We devolved tenure in 100 million hectares of forest land to rural households, equaling 60% of the country's total area of collective forests.This is another major reform of China's rural operation system, and follows in the footsteps of the household land contract responsibility system.

2010年政府工作報告中英文對照版

開放型經濟水平不斷提高。出臺一系列穩定外需的政策措施，采取符合國際慣例的方式支持出口企業，完成短期出口信用保險承保900億美元，安排421億美元大型成套設備出口融資保險。鼓勵增加進口。去年下半年開始進出口降幅明顯收窄，國際市場份額得到鞏固，全年進出口總額2.2萬億美元。扭轉利用外資下降局面，全年實際利用外商直接投資900億美元。企業“走出去”逆勢上揚，非金融類對外直接投資和對外工程承包營業額分別達433億美元和777億美元。積極參與國際宏觀經濟政策對話協調和經貿金融合作，在共同應對國際金融危機中發揮了建設性作用。

We constantly raised the level of the open economy.We introduced policies and measures to stabilize foreign demand, adopted methods that conform to international practices to support export companies, completed the issuance of short-term export credit insurance worth US$ 90 billion, and arranged $42.1 billion of export financing insurance for complete sets of large equipment.We encouraged increases in imports: Since the second half of last year;falls in imports and exports have clearly eased, and we have consolidated our share of international markets.Last year imports and exports totaled $2.2 trillion.We reversed the decline in utilized foreign investment, and actual utilized foreign direct investment amounted to $90 billion for the entire year.More enterprises “went global” in spite of the adverse situation;non-financial outward direct investment amounted to $43.3 billion, and receipts from overseas project contracting operations reached $77.7 billion.We actively participated in international macroeconomic policy dialogue and coordination as well as economic, trade and financial cooperation, and played a constructive role in the joint response to the global financial crisis.（四）著力改善民生，加快發展社會事業。在應對國際金融危機的困難情況下，我們更加注重保障和改善民生，切實解決人民群眾最關心、最直接、最現實的利益問題。

4.Striving to improve people's wellbeing and accelerating the development of social programs.In the difficult circumstances of responding to the global financial crisis, we gave greater priority to ensuring and improving people's wellbeing and effectively solved the most practical problems of the greatest and most direct concern to the people.實施更加積極的就業政策。強化政府促進就業的責任。中央財政安排就業專項資金426億元，比上年增長 59%。實施困難企業緩繳社會保險費或降低部分費率、再就業稅收減免及提供相關補貼等政策，鼓勵企業穩定和增加就業。開展系列就業服務活動，多渠道開辟公益性就業崗位，促進高校畢業生到基層就業、應征入伍和到企事業單位就業見習。全年組織2100萬城鄉勞動者參加職業培訓。這些措施促進了就業的基本穩定。

We implemented a more active employment policy.We increased the responsibility of the government for stimulating employment.The central government allocated 42.6 billion yuan in special employment funds, an increase of 59%.For distressed enterprises, we postponed and in some cases reduced their payment of social security contributions.We also reduced or exempted reemployment tax and provided related subsidies to encourage enterprises to maintain or increase their levels of employment.We launched a series of employment service activities, created public-service jobs through multiple channels, and encouraged college graduates to take jobs at the primary level, enlist in the army, or join enterprises and institutions as interns.We provided job training for 21 million urban and rural workers.These measures helped bring about basic employment stability.加快完善社會保障體系。普遍建立養老保險省級統籌制度，出臺包括農民工在內的城鎮企業職工養老保險關系轉移接續辦法。在320個縣開展新型農村社會養老保險試點，推動我國社會保障制度建設邁出歷史性步伐。中央財政安排社會保障資金2906億元，比上年增長16.6%。企業退休人員基本養老金連續5年增加，去年又人均提高10%。農村五保戶供養水平、優撫對象撫恤補助標準、城鄉低保對象保障水平都有新的提高。中央財政安排保障性安居工程補助資金551億元，比上年增長2倍。新建、改擴建各類保障性住房200萬套，棚戶區改造解決住房130萬套。全國社會保障基金積累6927億元，比上年增長44.2%。社會保障體系得到加強。

We accelerated improvements in the social security system.We established a nationwide pension planning system at the provincial level, and introduced a method for transferring pension accounts for workers of urban enterprises, some of whom are rural migrant workers.We launched a pilot project for a new rural pension insurance system in 320 counties-a historic step forward in the development of China's social security system.The central government allocated 290.6 billion yuan in social security funds, an increase of 16.6%.Pensions for enterprise retirees increased for the fifth consecutive year and registered another 10% rise per person.We provided better care for childless and infirm rural residents receiving guarantees of food, clothing, medical care, housing and burial expenses.We increased

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subsidies for entitled groups and subsistence allowances for both urban and rural recipients.The central government used 55.1 billion yuan to develop low-income housing projects, a two-fold increase over the previous year.We built, renovated or expanded 2 million low-income housing units of various types, and renovated or built 1:3 million housing units in run-down areas.Nationwide, social security funds reached 692.'7 billion yuan, an increase of 44.2%.We strengthened the social security system.進一步促進教育公平。大幅度增加全國教育支出，其中中央財政支出1981億元，比上年增長23.6%。全面落實城鄉義務教育政策，中央下達農村義務教育經費666億元，提前一年實現農村中小學生人均公用經費500元和300元的目標。實行義務教育階段教師績效工資制度。中等職業學校農村家庭經濟困難學生和涉農專業學生免學費政策開始實施。國家助學制度不斷完善，資助學生2871萬人，基本保障了困難家庭的孩子不因貧困而失學。

We made education more equitable.We increased education spending nationwide significantly, including central government spending of 198.1 billion yuan, an increase of 23.6%.We comprehensively implemented the urban and rural compulsory education policy, spent 66.6 billion yuan of central government funds on rural compulsory education, and reached the target of raising public spending for rural secondary and primary school students to an average of 500 yuan and 300 yuan per student respectively a year ahead of schedule.We implemented a performance-based pay system for compulsory education teachers.We started to implement the policy of free tuition for rural students attending secondary vocational schools whose families have financial difficulties and students in such schools who are studying agriculture-related majors.We constantly improved the national student financial aid system;which benefited 28.71 million students and basically ensured that no children from poor families were denied schooling due to financial difficulties.穩步推進醫藥衛生事業改革發展。組織實施醫藥衛生體制改革。中央財政醫療衛生支出1277億元，比上年增長49.5%。城鎮職工和城鎮居民基本醫療保險參保4.01億人，新型農村合作醫療制度覆蓋8.3億人。中央財政安排429億元，解決關閉破產國有企業退休人員醫療保險問題。基本藥物制度在30％的基層醫療衛生機構實施。中央財政支持建設了一批縣級醫院、鄉鎮中心衛生院和社區衛生服務中心。啟動實施擴大乙肝疫苗接種等重大公共衛生服務專項。加強食品、藥品安全專項整治。面對突如其來的甲型HlN1流感疫情，我們依法科學有序地開展防控工作，有效保障了人民群眾生命安全，維護了社會正常秩序。

We made steady progress in the reform and development of the pharmaceutical and healthcare fields.We organized the implementation of the reform of the pharmaceutical and healthcare systems.The central government spent 127.7 billion yuan on medical and health care, an increase of 49.5%.A total of 401 million urban workers and non-working urban residents subscribed to basic medical insurance;and coverage of the new type of rural cooperative medical care system reached $30 million people.The central government allocated 42.9 billion yuan to solve the problem of medical insurance for retired workers from closed and bankrupt state-owned enterprises.The basic drug system has been implemented in 30% of primary-level medical and health care institutions.Central government funds were used to support the construction of a number of county-level hospitals, town and township central hospitals, and community health service centers.We launched major public health service projects, including one to increase vaccinations against hepatitis B.We intensified special campaigns for food and drug safety.Faced with the sudden outbreak of influenza A(H1N1), we carried out scientific and orderly prevention and control work in accordance with the law, and thereby effectively protected people's lives and maintained normal order in society.在國際金融危機嚴重沖擊、世界經濟負增長的背景下，我國取得這樣的成績極為不易。這是以胡錦濤同志為總書記的黨中央統攬全局、正確領導的結果，是全黨全軍全國各族人民和衷共濟、團結奮斗的結果。在這里，我代表國務院，向全國各族人民，各民主黨派、各人民團體和各界人士，表示誠摯的感謝！向香港特別行政區同胞、澳門特別行政區同胞、臺灣同胞和海外僑胞，表示誠摯的感謝！向關心和支持中國現代化建設的各國政府、國際組織和各國朋友，表示誠摯的感謝！

It was not at all easy for our country to make all these achievements against the backdrop of the severe impact of the global financial crisis and the negative growth of the world economy: They were the result of the overall planning and correct leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Hu Jintao as General Secretary as well as the concerted and strenuous efforts of the whole Party, the entire army, and the people of all of our ethnic groups.On behalf of the Mate Council, I hereby express our sincere gratitude to the people of all of our ethnic groups and to the democratic parties, mass organizations, and people from all sectors of society.I also express our sincere thanks to our

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compatriots in the Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions, in Taiwan, and overseas, as well as to foreign governments, international organizations, and friends in other countries that take an interest in and support China's modernization.一年來，我們認真貫徹落實科學發展觀，積極應對國際金融危機，全面做好政府工作，有以下幾點體會：必須堅持運用市場機制和宏觀調控兩種手段，在堅持市場經濟改革方向、發揮市場配置資源基礎性作用、激發市場活力的同時，充分發揮我國社會主義制度決策高效、組織有力、集中力量辦大事的優勢。必須堅持處理好短期和長期兩方面關系，注重遠近結合、標本兼治，既克服短期困難、解決突出矛盾，又加強重點領域和薄弱環節、為長遠發展奠定基礎。必須堅持統籌國內國際兩個大局，把擴大內需作為長期戰略方針，堅定不移地實行互利共贏的開放戰略，加快形成內需外需協調拉動經濟增長的格局。必須堅持發展經濟與改善民生、維護社會公平正義的內在統一，圍繞改善民生謀發展，把改善民生作為經濟發展的出發點、落腳點和持久動力，著眼維護公平正義，讓全體人民共享改革發展成果，促進社會和諧穩定。必須堅持發揮中央和地方兩個積極性，既強調統一思想、顧全大局，又鼓勵因地制宜、探索創新，形成共克時艱的強大合力。這些經驗對我們堅持中國特色社會主義道路，提高駕馭社會主義市場經濟能力，推進現代化進程，具有重要而深遠的意義。

In the course of the past year, as we conscientiously applied the Scientific Outlook on Development;vigorously responded to the global financial crisis and completed all of our government work, we came to the following conclusions: We must continue to make use of both market mechanisms and macro-control, that is, at the same time as we keep our reforms oriented toward a market economy, let market forces play their basic role in allocating resources, and stimulate the market's vitality, we must make best use of the socialist system's advantages, which enable us to make decisions efficiently, organize effectively, and concentrate resources to accomplish large undertakings.We must balance long-and short-term interests, take into account long-and short-term needs, and address both the symptoms and root causes of problems.We must overcome short-term difficulties and solve major problems as well as strengthen key areas and weak links in order to lay a foundation for long-term development.We must continue to consider domestic and international situations, make it a long-term strategic policy to boost domestic demand, adhere to the win-win strategy of opening up, and quickly formulate a pattern in which domestic demand and foreign demand drive economic growth in concert.We must always remember that developing the economy is inseparable from improving people's wellbeing and safeguarding social fairness and justice;make improving people's wellbeing the focus of development, and the starting point, goal, and lasting driving force of economic development;strive to safeguard fairness and justice;ensure that all of the people share in the fruits of reform and development;and promote social harmony and stability.We must give free rein to the initiative of both the central and local authorities.While stressing unity of thinking and keeping overall interests in mind, we also need to encourage everyone to proceed in light of local conditions and make explorations and innovations, in order to form a powerful, concerted force for overcoming present difficulties.All of these experiences are of vital and profound significance for keeping to the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics, improving our ability to run the socialist market economy, and pushing ahead the process of modernization.二、2010年主要任務

II.Main Tasks for 2010 今年是繼續應對國際金融危機、保持經濟平穩較快發展、加快轉變經濟發展方式的關鍵一年，是全面實現“十一五”規劃目標、為“十二五”發展打好基礎的重要一年。

This is a crucial year for continuing to deal with the global financial crisis, maintaining steady and rapid economic development, and accelerating the transformation of the pattern of economic development.It is also an important year for achieving all the targets of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan and laying a solid foundation for development on the basis of the Twelfth Five-Year Plan.今年發展環境雖然有可能好于去年，但是面臨的形勢極為復雜。各種積極變化和不利影響此長彼消，短期問題和長期矛盾相互交織，國內因素和國際因素相互影響，經濟社會發展中“兩難”問題增多。從國際看，世界經濟有望恢復性增長，國際金融市場漸趨穩定，經濟全球化深入發展的大趨勢沒有改變，世界經濟格局大變革、大調整孕育著新的發展機遇。同時，世界經濟復蘇的基礎仍然脆弱，金融領域風險沒有完全消除，各國刺激政策退出抉擇艱難，國際大宗商品價格和主要貨幣匯率可能加劇波動，貿易保護主義明顯抬頭，加上氣候變化、糧食安全、能源資源等全球性問題錯綜復雜，外部環境不穩定、不確定因素依

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然很多。從國內看，我國仍處在重要戰略機遇期。經濟回升向好的基礎進一步鞏固，市場信心增強，擴大內需和改善民生的政策效應繼續顯現，企業適應市場變化的能力和競爭力不斷提高。但是，經濟社會發展中仍然存在一些突出矛盾和問題。經濟增長內生動力不足，自主創新能力不強，部分行業產能過剩矛盾突出，結構調整難度加大；就業壓力總體上持續增加和結構性用工短缺的矛盾并存；農業穩定發展和農民持續增收的基礎不穩固；財政金融領域潛在風險增加；醫療、教育、住房、收入分配、社會管理等方面的突出問題亟待解決。我們必須全面、正確判斷形勢，決不能把經濟回升向好的趨勢等同于經濟運行根本好轉。要增強憂患意識，充分利用有利條件和積極因素，努力化解矛盾，更加周密地做好應對各種風險和挑戰的準備，牢牢把握工作的主動權。

Although this year's development environment may be better than last year’s, we still face a very complex situation.Some positive changes and negative influences are growing while others are diminishing.Short-term and long-term problems are interwoven, domestic and international factors mutually affect each other, and the dilemmas facing economic and social development are increasing.Internationally, the global economy will hopefully turn around.International financial markets are stabilizing, and the overall trend toward increased economic globalization has not changed.Considerable changes and adjustments in the world economic structure will bring new development opportunities.At the same time, many destabilizing factors and uncertainties remain in our external environment.The foundation for global economic recovery remains weak;financial risks have not been completely eliminated;individual countries face difficult choices in phasing out their stimulus policies;larger fluctuations may occur in the prices of major commodities and exchange rates among the major currencies;trade protectionism is clearly reasserting itself;and global problems such as climate change, food security and energy and resource supplies remain complex.Domestically, our country is still in an important period of strategic opportunities.The foundation for economic turnaround is becoming stronger, market confidence has increased, the policy we adopted to boost domestic demand and improve people's wellbeing continues to show results, and enterprises are constantly becoming more competitive and better able to adapt to market changes.Nevertheless, there are still some serious problems affecting economic and social development.There is insufficient internal impetus driving economic growth;our independent innovation capability is not strong;there is still considerable excess production capacity in some industries and it is becoming more difficult to restructure them;while the pressure on employment is constantly growing overall, there is a structural shortage of labor;the foundation for keeping agricultural production and farmers' incomes growing steadily is weak;latent risks in the banking and public finance sectors are increasing;and major problems in the areas of healthcare, education, housing, income distribution and public administration urgently require solutions.We must make a comprehensive and correct judgment of the situation, and we must not interpret the economic turnaround as a fundamental improvement in the economic situation.We need to strengthen our awareness of potential dangers, make full use of favorable conditions and positive factors, strive to resolve problems, make even more thorough preparations to deal with risks and challenges of all kinds, and firmly keep the initiative in our work.做好今年的政府工作，要認真貫徹黨的十七大和十七屆三中、四中全會精神，以鄧小平理論和“三個代表”重要思想為指導，深入貫徹落實科學發展觀，著力搞好宏觀調控和保持經濟平穩較快發展，著力加快經濟發展方式轉變和經濟結構調整，著力推進改革開放和自主創新，著力改善民生和促進社會和諧穩定，全面推進社會主義經濟建設、政治建設、文化建設、社會建設以及生態文明建設，加快全面建設小康社會進程，努力實現經濟社會又好又快發展。

To do a good job of our government work this year, we need to conscientiously implement the guiding principles of the Seventeenth National Party Congress and the third and fourth plenary sessions of the Seventeenth Central Committee;take Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of Three Represents as our guide;thoroughly implement the Scientific Outlook on Development;strive to apply macro-control appropriately and maintain steady and rapid economic development;work hard to accelerate economic restructuring and the transformation of the pattern of economic development;press ahead with reform and opening up and with independent innovation;strive to improve people's wellbeing and to promote social harmony and stability;make headway with our efforts to encourage socialist economic, political, cultural, social, and ecological development;pick up the pace of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects;and work hard to achieve sound, rapid economic and social development.今年經濟社會發展的主要預期目標是：國內生產總值增長8％左右；城鎮新增就業900萬人以上，城鎮登記失業率控制在4.6％

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以內；居民消費價格漲幅3％左右；國際收支狀況改善。這里要著重說明，提出國內生產總值增長8％左右，主要是強調好字當頭，引導各方面把工作重點放到轉變經濟發展方式、調整經濟結構上來。提出居民消費價格漲幅3％左右，綜合考慮了去年價格變動的翹尾因素、國際大宗商品價格的傳導效應、國內貨幣信貸增長的滯后影響以及居民的承受能力，并為資源環境稅費和資源性產品價格改革留有一定空間。

This year the main targets we have set for economic and social development are: increasing GDP by approximately 8%, creating jobs for more than 9 million people entering the urban workforce, keeping the urban registered unemployment rate no higher than 4.6%, holding the rise in consumer prices to around 3%, and improving the balance of payments.Here I would like to stress that in targeting a GDP increase of around 8%, we are emphasizing sound development, and we need to guide all sectors to focus on transforming the pattern of economic development and restructuring the economy in their work.By targeting an increase in consumer prices of around 3%, we are giving full consideration to the carry-over effects of last year's price changes, the reverberations caused by price changes for major international commodities, the continued impact of increases in domestic supplies of money and credit;and consumers' ability to bear price increases, while also leaving room for reform in resource and environment taxes and fees and in the pricing of resource products.今年要重點抓好八個方面工作：

This year we will focus on the following eight areas.（一）提高宏觀調控水平，保持經濟平穩較快發展

1.Exercising better macro-control and maintaining steady and rapid economic development 要繼續實施積極的財政政策和適度寬松的貨幣政策，保持政策的連續性和穩定性，根據新形勢新情況不斷提高政策的針對性和靈活性，把握好政策實施的力度、節奏和重點。處理好保持經濟平穩較快發展、調整經濟結構和管理好通脹預期的關系。既要保持足夠的政策力度、鞏固經濟回升向好的勢頭，又要加快經濟結構調整、推動經濟發展方式轉變取得實質性進展，還要管理好通脹預期、穩定物價總水平。

We need to continue to implement a proactive fiscal policy and a moderately easy monetary policy.We need to maintain continuity and stability in our policies while constantly making them better-targeted and more flexible as circumstances and conditions change, and keep a good grasp of the intensity, pace and focus of their implementation.We need to skillfully handle the relationship between maintaining steady and rapid economic development, restructuring the economy and managing inflation expectations.We not only need to maintain sufficient policy intensity and consolidate the momentum of the economic turnaround, but we also need to accelerate economic restructuring and make substantive progress in transforming the pattern of economic development.In addition, we need to manage inflation expectations well and keep the overall level of prices stable.繼續實施積極的財政政策。

We will continue to implement a proactive fiscal policy.一是保持適度的財政赤字和國債規模。今年擬安排財政赤字10500億元，其中中央財政赤字8500億元，繼續代發地方債2000億元并納入地方財政預算。這樣的安排主要是考慮到今年財政收支矛盾仍然十分突出。從財政收入看，上一年一次性特殊增收措施沒有或減少了，還要繼續實施結構性減稅政策，財政收入增長不會太快；從財政支出看，繼續實施應對國際金融危機的一攬子計劃，完成在建項目、加強薄弱環節、推進改革、改善民生、維護穩定等都需要增加投入。

First, we will keep the deficit and government bonds at appropriate levels.This year, we have projected a deficit of 1.05 trillion yuan, which consists of 850 billion yuan in central government deficit and 200 billion yuan in local government bonds, which will be included in local government budgets.These arrangements are based mainly on the consideration that this year revenue will fall significantly short of expenditures.Regarding revenue, last year's one-off measures to increase revenue will either not be repeated or will be decreased.We also need to continue to implement the policy of structural tax reductions;consequently, revenue will not increase very quickly.Regarding expenditures, we will continue to implement the package plan for dealing with the global financial crisis, and increase spending to complete work on projects now under construction, strengthen weak links, carry forward reform, improve people's wellbeing and maintain stability.二是繼續實施結構性減稅政策，促進擴大內需和經濟結構調整。

2010年政府工作報告中英文對照版

Second, we will continue to implement the structural tax reduction policy to expand domestic demand and promote economic restructuring.三是優化財政支出結構，有保有壓，把錢花在刀刃上。繼續向“三農”、民生、社會事業等領域傾斜，支持節能環保、自主創新和欠發達地區的建設。嚴格控制一般性支出，大力壓縮公用經費。

Third, we will improve the structure of expenditures, maintain expenditures in some areas while reducing them in others, and spend our money where it counts the most.We will continue to give preference to agriculture, farmers, and rural areas, and to improving people's wellbeing and developing social programs.We will support energy conservation, environmental protection, independent innovation, and development in underdeveloped areas.We will strictly control regular expenditures, and do all we can to reduce public spending.四是切實加強政府性債務管理，增強內外部約束力，有效防范和化解潛在財政風險。同時，要依法加強稅收征管和非稅收入管理，嚴厲打擊偷騙稅行為，做到應收盡收。

Fourth, we will effectively improve government debt management, strengthen internal and external restraints, and effectively guard against and fend off latent public finance risks.In addition, we need to strengthen tax collection and supervision as well as supervision of non-tax revenue in accordance with the law, strictly crack down on tax fraud, and collect all due taxes.繼續實施適度寬松的貨幣政策。

We will continue to implement a moderately easy monetary policy.一是保持貨幣信貸合理充裕。今年廣義貨幣M2增長目標為17％左右，新增人民幣貸款7.5萬億元左右。這兩個指標雖然都低于去年實際執行結果，但仍然是一個適度寬松的政策目標，能夠滿足經濟社會發展的合理資金需求。同時也有利于管理好通脹預期、提高金融支持經濟發展的可持續性。

First, we will ensure that there are proper and sufficient supplies of money and credit.This year's target for expanding the broad money supply(M2)is around 17%, and we will increase the total quantity of renminbi loans by approximately 7.5 trillion yuan.Although both of these increases are less than the actual increases last year, they are still moderately easy policy goals, and they can satisfy reasonable financial demands of economic and social development.In addition, these goals are beneficial for managing inflation expectations and making financial support for economic development more sustainable.二是優化信貸結構。落實有保有控的信貸政策，加強對重點領域和薄弱環節的支持，有效緩解農戶和小企業融資難問題，嚴格控制對“兩高”行業和產能過剩行業的貸款。強化貸后管理，確保信貸資金支持實體經濟。

Second, we will improve the credit structure.We will implement a credit policy that guarantees credit in some areas and limits it in others;increase support for important areas and weak links;effectively alleviate the difficulties farmers and small businesses have in obtaining financing;and strictly control loans to industries that are energy-intensive, highly polluting or saddled with overcapacity.We will strengthen post-loan supervision and ensure that loans are used to support the real economy.三是積極擴大直接融資。完善多層次資本市場體系，擴大股權和債券融資規模，更好地滿足多樣化投融資需求。

Third, we will actively expand direct financing.We will improve the system of multilevel capital markets, increase financing by selling equities and issuing bonds, and better satisfy the diverse demand for investment and financing.四是加強風險管理，提高金融監管有效性。探索建立宏觀審慎管理制度，強化對跨境資本流動的有效監控，防范各類金融風險。繼續完善人民幣匯率形成機制，保持人民幣匯率在合理、均衡水平上的基本穩定。

Fourth, we will strengthen risk management and make financial oversight and supervision more effective.We will explore ways to establish a system of prudent macro management, strengthen the monitoring of the cross-border flow of capital, and guard against all kinds of financial risks.We will continue to improve the mechanism for setting the renminbi exchange rate and keep it basically stable at an appropriate and balanced level.積極擴大居民消費需求。繼續提高農民收入、企業退休人員基本養老金、部分優撫對象待遇和城鄉居民最低生活保障水平，增強居民特別是中低收入者消費能力。鞏固擴大傳統消費，積極培育信息、旅游、文化、健身、培訓、養老、家庭服務等消費熱點，促進消費結構優化升級。擴大消費信貸。加強商貿流通體系等基礎設施建設，積極發展電子商務。整頓和規范市場秩序，2010年政府工作報告中英文對照版

努力營造便利、安全、放心的消費環境。繼續實施和完善鼓勵消費的各項政策措施。大幅提高家電下鄉產品最高限價，增加品種和型號，擴大補貼范圍，完善補貼標準和辦法，加強對中標企業的管理和考核，提高產品質量和服務水平；完善家電、汽車以舊換新和汽車、摩托車下鄉政策，小排量汽車購置稅按7.5％征收。我們一定要落實好這些政策措施，把好事辦好，真正讓廣大群眾得到實惠。

We will energetically expand consumer demand.We will continue to increase farmers' incomes, basic pensions of enterprise retirees, allowances to some entitled groups, subsistence allowances for urban and rural residents, and people's purchasing power, especially low-and middle-income earners.We will strengthen and expand traditional consumption, and promote the upgrading of the consumption structure by actively cultivating areas of high consumption, such as information, tourism, culture, fitness, training, services for the elderly and household services.We will increase consumer credit.We will strengthen infrastructure, such as the logistics system, and vigorously develop e-commerce.We will overhaul and standardize markets to create a convenient, safe and worry-free environment for consumers.We will continue to implement and improve all of our policies and measures for encouraging consumption.We will considerably raise the maximum price limits for home appliances sold, in the countryside, increase types of appliances and models eligible for subsidies, expand the scope of subsidies, improve the criteria for qualifying for subsidies and the way subsidies are granted, strengthen supervision and evaluation of enterprises that win bids for contracts, and raise the quality of products and services.We will improve the policies for getting consumers to trade-in old motor vehicles and home appliances for new ones and getting rural residents to buy motor vehicles, and set the purchase tax for small-displacement automobiles at 7.5%.We must implement these policies and measures, do meaningful work and do it well, and make sure the benefits reach the people.著力優化投資結構。各級政府投資都要集中力量保重點，嚴格控制新開工項目，資金安排主要用于項目續建和收尾，切實防止出現“半拉子”工程。扎實推進地震災區恢復重建，保質保量完成任務。鼓勵擴大民間投資，完善和落實促進民間投資的相關政策。加強和改進投資管理，嚴格執行用地、節能、環保、安全等市場準入標準和產業政策，切實防止重復建設。對有財政資金投入的建設項目，要加強全程監督，堅決避免以擴大內需為名，搞勞民傷財的形象工程和政績工程。堅持科學民主決策，確保公共投資真正用于推進經濟社會發展和改善人民生活，經得起實踐和歷史的檢驗。

We will strive to improve the investment structure.Government investment at all levels needs to be concentrated in the most important areas, and the launching of new projects must be strictly controlled.It should be used mainly for carrying on and completing projects, and we need to ensure that projects are not stopped midway.We will steadily move forward with the recovery and reconstruction of quake-hit areas, and make sure quality and quantity targets are met.We will encourage greater non-government investment, and improve and implement policies to achieve this goal.We will strengthen and improve the supervision of investment;strictly enforce market entry standards and industrial policies concerning land use, energy conservation, environmental protection, and safety;and effectively prevent redundant construction.For projects financed through the public treasury, relevant departments need to exercise oversight of the entire course of the project, and we must prevent the construction of image and vanity projects that waste manpower and money in the name of boosting domestic demand.We will adhere to scientific and democratic decision making, and ensure that public funds are spent on projects that promote economic and social development and improve people's lives and that will stand the test of practice and history.（二）加快轉變經濟發展方式，調整優化經濟結構

2.Accelerating the transformation of the pattern of economic development and adjusting and optimizing the economic structure 轉變經濟發展方式刻不容緩。要大力推動經濟進入創新驅動、內生增長的發展軌道。

We urgently need to transform the pattern of economic development.We will work hard to put economic development onto the track of endogenous growth driven by innovation.繼續推進重點產業調整振興。

We will continue to promote restructuring and revitalization in key industries.一是加大技術改造力度。用好技改專項資金，引導企業開發新產品和節能降耗。

First, we will intensify technological upgrading.We will effectively use funds for technological upgrading to

2010年政府工作報告中英文對照版

guide enterprises in developing new products, saving energy and reducing resource consumption.二是促進企業兼并重組。打破行業壟斷和地區封鎖，推動優勢企業兼并困難企業，加快淘汰落后產能。

Second, we will encourage mergers and reorganization of enterprises.We will break industry monopolies;remove regional blockades, support superior enterprises in acquiring ones in financial difficulties;and close down backward production facilities more quickly.三是全面提升產品質量。引導企業以品牌、標準、服務和效益為重點，健全質量管理體系，強化社會責任。切實加強市場監管和誠信體系建設，努力把我國產品質量提高到新水平。

Third, we will comprehensively raise product quality.We will guide enterprises to improve their quality management systems;focusing on brands, standards, service, and performance, and to enhance their sense of social responsibility: We will effectively strengthen the market oversight and credibility systems, and strive to raise the quality of China's products to a new level.大力培育戰略性新興產業。國際金融危機正在催生新的科技革命和產業革命。發展戰略性新興產業，搶占經濟科技制高點，決定國家的未來，必須抓住機遇，明確重點，有所作為。要大力發展新能源、新材料、節能環保、生物醫藥、信息網絡和高端制造產業。積極推進新能源汽車、“三網”融合取得實質性進展，加快物聯網的研發應用。加大對戰略性新興產業的投入和政策支持。

We will foster emerging industries of strategic importance.The global financial crisis is hastening the birth of a new technological and industrial revolution.It is of decisive importance for the future of our country that we develop emerging industries of strategic importance and capture the economic, scientific and technological high ground;therefore, we must seize opportunities, identify priorities, and achieve results.We need to vigorously develop new energy sources, new materials, energy conservation, environmental protection, biomedicine, information networks, and high-end manufacturing industries.We will make substantive progress in developing motor vehicles powered by new energy sources and in integrating telecommunications networks, cable television networks, and the Internet, and accelerate R&D in and application of the Internet of Things.We will also increase investment in and policy support for emerging industries of strategic importance.進一步促進中小企業發展。

We will further promote the development of small and medium-sized enterprises.一是建立和完善中小企業服務體系。抓緊修訂中小企業劃分標準，加快中小企業公共服務平臺、信息服務網絡和小企業創業基地建設，進一步減少、簡化行政審批，堅決清理和取消不合理收費。

First, we will set up a sound service system for small and medium-sized enterprises.We will promptly revise the criteria for classifying such enterprises, accelerate the development of a public service platform and an information service network for them and bases for small business startups, continue to reduce and streamline administrative examination and approval procedures, and resolutely sort out fees and eliminate unreasonable ones.二是繼續落實財政對中小企業支持政策。中央財政扶持中小企業發展專項資金安排106億元。對部分小型微利企業實行所得稅優惠政策。中央財政預算內技術改造專項投資要覆蓋中小企業，地方政府也要加大投入。

Second, we will continue to implement the policy of fiscal support for small and medium-sized enterprises.The central government will allocate 10.6 billion yuan to support their development.A preferential income tax policy for small enterprises with low profits will be implemented.Small and medium-sized enterprises will be eligible to receive money from special funds for technological upgrading in the central budget, and local governments should also increase investment in technological upgrading.三是加強對中小企業的金融支持。完善小企業信貸考核體系。鼓勵建立小企業貸款風險補償基金。中小企業貸款稅前全額撥備損失準備金。發展多層次中小企業信用擔保體系，落實好對符合條件的中小企業信用擔保機構免征營業稅、準備金提取和代償損失在稅前扣除的政策。拓寬中小企業融資渠道，切實解決中小企業特別是小企業融資難問題。

Third, we will provide better financial support for small and medium-sized enterprises.We will improve the credit assessment system for small enterprises, and encourage the establishment of a loan risk compensation fund for them.We will allow full tax deductions for loan loss reserves for loans to small and medium-sized enterprises.We will develop a multilevel system of credit guarantees for these enterprises, and implement the policy of exempting business

2010年政府工作報告中英文對照版

tax for qualified credit guarantee agencies serving them and allow those agencies to exempt withdrawals from reserve funds and compensation for losses from taxation.We will expand channels for small and medium-sized enterprises to obtain financing in order to effectively solve their financing problems, especially those of small enterprises.加快發展服務業。進一步提高服務業發展水平和在國民經濟中的比重。大力發展金融、物流、信息、研發、工業設計、商務、節能環保服務等面向生產的服務業，促進服務業與現代制造業有機融合。大力發展市政公用事業、房地產和物業服務、社區服務等面向民生的服務業，加快發展旅游業，積極拓展新型服務領域。農村服務業基礎薄弱、發展潛力大，要加快構建和完善以生產銷售、科技信息和金融服務為主體的農村生產生活服務體系。加快建立公開平等規范的服務業準入制度，鼓勵社會資本進入。進一步完善促進服務業發展的政策，逐步實現國家鼓勵類服務業用電、用水、用氣、用熱與工業基本同價。

We will accelerate the development of the service sector.We will further raise the development level of the service sector and its proportion of the national economy.We will vigorously develop production-oriented service industries, including finance, logistics, information, R&D, industrial design, commerce, energy conservation, and environmental protection services, and promote the intimate integration of service industries with modern manufacturing industries.We will also develop public utilities, real estate, and property management services, community services and other service industries closely related to people's wellbeing.We will accelerate the development of tourism and expand new types of services.In view of the weak foundation and great potential of the service sector in rural areas, we need to accelerate the establishment of a sound system of rural workplace and consumer services, mainly revolving around production, sales, scientific and technological information, and financial services.We will speed up the establishment of an open, fair, and standardized system for licensing service providers and encourage the participation of non-government capital.We will further improve policies for promoting development in the service sector, and gradually lower the electricity, water, gas, and heat rates for service industries encouraged by the state to the same levels charged to industrial enterprises.打好節能減排攻堅戰和持久戰。

We will strive to conserve energy and reduce emissions.一要以工業、交通、建筑為重點，大力推進節能，提高能源效率。扎實推進十大重點節能工程、千家企業節能行動和節能產品惠民工程，形成全社會節能的良好風尚。今年要新增8000萬噸標準煤的節能能力。所有新建、改建、擴建燃煤機組必須同步建成并運行煙氣脫硫設施。

First, we will energetically promote energy conservation and raise the efficiency of energy consumption, especially in industry, transportation, and construction.We will make solid progress in the ten major energy conservation projects, the campaign to save energy in 1,000 enterprises, and the project to promote energy-efficient products that benefit the people, and make saving energy a good habit throughout society.We will increase our energy-saving capacity by an equivalent of 80 million tons of standard coal.Every newly built, renovated or expanded coal-fired power generating unit must be equipped with and continuously employ desulphurization equipment.二要加強環境保護。積極推進重點流域區域環境治理及城鎮污水垃圾處理、農業面源污染治理、重金屬污染綜合整治等工作。新增城鎮污水日處理能力1500萬立方米、垃圾日處理能力6萬噸。

Second, we will strengthen environmental protection.We will work to improve the environment in key watersheds and regions, treat urban sewage and garbage, deal with pollution from non-point agricultural sources, and comprehensively clean up heavy metal pollution.In urban areas, the daily sewage treatment capacity will increase by 15 million cubic meters and the daily garbage disposal capacity will grow by 60,000 tons.三要積極發展循環經濟和節能環保產業。支持循環經濟技術研發、示范推廣和能力建設。抓好節能、節水、節地、節材工作。推進礦產資源綜合利用、工業廢物回收利用、余熱余壓發電和生活垃圾資源化利用。

Third, we will energetically develop a circular economy and the energy conservation and environmental protection industries.For the circular economy, we will support R&D in technology, demonstrations and applications, and capacity building.We will save energy, water, land and materials.We will comprehensively utilize mineral resources, recycle industrial waste, use by-product heat and pressure to generate electricity, and transform household solid waste into resources.四要積極應對氣候變化。大力開發低碳技術，推廣高效節能技術，積極發展新能源和可再生能源，加強智能電網建設。加快

2010年政府工作報告中英文對照版

國土綠化進程，增加森林碳匯，新增造林面積不低于8880萬畝。要努力建設以低碳排放為特征的產業體系和消費模式，積極參與應對氣候變化國際合作，推動全球應對氣候變化取得新進展。

Fourth, we will actively respond to climate change.We will improve our ability to adapt to it and ameliorate its effects.We will work hard to develop low-carbon technologies;promote application of highly efficient, energy-conserving technologies;develop new and renewable energies;and intensify development of smart power grids.We will accelerate afforestation, increase forest carbon sinks and expand our forests by at least 5.92 million hectares.We need to energetically build an industrial system and consumption pattern with low carbon emissions.We will participate in international cooperation to address climate changes and work for further progress in the global fight against climate change.推進區域經濟協調發展。繼續深入推進西部大開發，全面振興東北地區等老工業基地，大力促進中部地區崛起，積極支持東部地區率先發展。認真落實促進區域經濟社會發展的各項規劃和政策。加快推進主體功能區建設。重點抓好西藏和四省藏區、新疆經濟社會發展政策的制定和實施工作。加強對革命老區、民族地區、邊疆地區和貧困地區的支持。實施區域發展總體戰略，重在發揮各地比較優勢，有針對性地解決各地發展中的突出矛盾和問題；重在扭轉區域經濟社會發展差距擴大的趨勢，增強發展的協調性；重在加快完善公共財政體系，促進基本公共服務均等化。

We will promote balanced economic development between regions.We will continue to develop the western region on a large scale, comprehensively reinvigorate the old industrial bases in northeast China and elsewhere, energize the development of the central region, and support the eastern region in taking the lead in development.We will conscientiously implement all plans and policies for promoting regional economic and social development.We will accelerate growth of development priority zones.We will focus on formulating and implementing policies for economic and social development in Xinjiang, Tibet, and Tibetan ethnic areas in Sichuan, Yunnan, Gansu and Qinghai provinces.We will increase support for old revolutionary areas, ethnic minority areas, border areas and poverty-stricken areas.When implementing the overall strategy for regional development, we will emphasize exploiting different regions' comparative advantages and making well-targeted efforts to solve major problems arising in the course of development in each region.We will focus on reversing the growing gap in economic and social development between regions, balancing their development better, accelerating the improvement of the public finance system, and snaking access to basic public services more equal.（三）加大統籌城鄉發展力度，強化農業農村發展基礎

3.Improving the balance between urban and rural development and strengthening the foundation for the development of agriculture and rural areas 在連續6年增產增收之后，更要毫不松懈地抓好“三農”工作。要按照統籌城鄉發展的要求，堅持把解決好“三農”問題作為全部工作的重中之重，進一步強化強農惠農政策，協調推進工業化、城鎮化和農業農村現代化，鞏固和發展農業農村好形勢。

After six consecutive years of increases in grain output and rural incomes, it is vital we sustain our good work in the areas of agriculture, rural areas, and farmers.In accordance with the requirements for balancing urban and rural development, we need to make solving problems faced by agriculture, rural areas, and farmers a top priority in all our work;further strengthen our policies to aid agriculture and benefit farmers;coordinate industrialization, urbanization, and agricultural and rural modernization;and consolidate and build upon the good situation in agriculture and rural areas.促進農業穩定發展和農民持續增收。穩定糧食生產，擴大油料種植面積，增加重要緊缺農產品供應，大規模開展糧棉油糖高產創建，大規模開展園藝產品生產和畜牧水產養殖標準化創建，保障“米袋子”、“菜籃子”安全。繼續實施對種糧農民直接補貼，增加農資綜合補貼、良種補貼、農機具購置補貼，中央財政擬安排補貼資金1335億元，比上年增加60.4億元。進一步提高糧食最低收購價，早秈稻、中晚秈稻、粳稻每斤分別提高3分、5分和1毛錢，小麥每斤提高3分錢，繼續實施重要農產品臨時收儲政策，讓農民得到更多實惠。加強對產糧大縣、養豬大縣、養牛大縣的財政扶持。大力發展農產品加工業，推進農業產業化經營，支持批發市場和農貿市場升級改造，推動生產與市場對接。促進農民就業創業，多渠道增加農民收入。進一步加大扶貧開發力度。我們要堅持不懈地消除貧困落后，讓農民群眾早日過上富裕安康的生活。

We will promote the steady development of agriculture and a continuous increase in rural incomes.We will keep grain production stable;expand the total area sown with oilseed;increase supplies of important agricultural products

2010年政府工作報告中英文對照版

in short supply;implement a large-scale effort to increase the production of grain, cotton, oilseed, and sugar;standardize farming practices in horticulture, animal husbandry, and aquaculture;and ensure the security of the “rice bag”(grain supply)and “vegetable basket”(non-staple food supply).We will continue to provide direct subsidies for grain producers, and increase general subsidies for purchasing agricultural supplies and subsidies for purchasing superior crop varieties and agricultural machinery and tools.The central government will allocate 133.5 billion yuan for this purpose, a year-on-year increase of 6.04 billion yuan.We will further raise minimum grain purchase prices.The minimum prices of early indica rice, middle-season and late indica rice and japonica rice will be raised by 0.06 yuan, 0.1 yuan and 0.2 yuan per kilogram respectively, and the minimum price of wheat will be raised by 0.06 yuan per kilogram.We will continue to implement the policy of purchasing and temporarily stockpiling major agricultural products and give farmers more tangible benefits.We will increase fiscal support for major grain-producing, pork-producing, and cattle farming counties.We will vigorously develop the processing industry for agricultural products, promote industrialization in agriculture, support the upgrading and renovation of wholesale markets and markets for farm produce, and promote closer linkage between production and the market.We will help rural residents find jobs or start their own businesses, and increase rural incomes through a variety of channels.We will intensify poverty alleviation and development and work tirelessly to eradicate poverty and backwardness so that rural residents can soon live a prosperous and happy life.加強農業基礎設施建設。堅持財政支出優先支持農業農村發展，預算內固定資產投資優先投向農業基礎設施和農村民生工程，土地出讓收益優先用于農業土地開發和農村基礎設施建設。中央財政擬安排“三農”投入8183億元，比上年增加930億元，地方各級財政也要增加投入。以主產區為重點，全面實施全國新增千億斤糧食生產能力建設規劃。以農田水利為重點，加強農業基礎設施建設，加快大中型灌區的配套改造，擴大節水灌溉面積，建設高標準農田，完成大中型和重點小型病險水庫除險加固任務。以良種培育為重點，加快農業科技創新和推廣，實施好轉基因生物新品種培育科技重大專項。積極推進現代農業示范區建設。加快建設鄉鎮和區域性農技推廣、動植物疫病防控、農產品質量監管等公共服務機構。

We will strengthen agricultural infrastructure.We will continue to give high priority in government spending to supporting agricultural and rural development.In the budget, our priority for fixed asset investment will be agricultural infrastructure and projects that improve the wellbeing of rural residents, and our priority for use of proceeds from the transfer of land-use rights will be developing agricultural land and building rural infrastructure.The central government plans to allocate 818.3 billion yuan for agriculture, farmers, and rural areas, an increase of 93 billion yuan over last year, and local governments at all levels will also increase their investment.We will comprehensively implement the plan to increase grain production by 50 billion kilograms nationwide, with the emphasis on major grain-producing regions.Focusing on water conservancy, we will improve agricultural infrastructure, accelerate related upgrades of large and mediumsized irrigated areas, expand the area in which water-conserving irrigation methods are used, create high-grade cropland, and finish reinforcing dilapidated large, medium-sized, and key small reservoirs.With the focus on breeding improved crop varieties, we will accelerate innovation in agricultural technology and the widespread adoption of scientific and technological advances, and carry out a major science and technology project to create new crop varieties using gene transfer technology.We will move forward with the construction of modem agriculture demonstration sites.We will accelerate the development of public services for extending agricultural technology, preventing and controlling animal and plant diseases, and providing quality oversight of agricultural products in townships, towns and regions.深化農村改革。毫不動搖地堅持農村基本經營制度，加快完善有關法律法規和政策，現有土地承包關系要保持穩定并長久不變。加強土地承包經營權流轉的管理和服務，在依法自愿有償流轉基礎上發展多種形式規模經營。繼續推進農村綜合改革。完善集體林權制度改革配套政策。啟動國有林場改革。繼續推進草原基本經營制度改革。發展農民專業合作社，提高農業組織化程度。加快培育小型農村金融機構，積極推廣農村小額信用貸款，切實改善農村金融服務。深入推進鄉鎮機構改革。

We will deepen rural reform.We will uphold the basic rural operation system;quickly improve relevant laws, regulations and policies;and maintain existing land contract relationships over the long term.We will strengthen supervision of and services for the transfer of contracted land use rights, and develop diverse large-scale farming operations on the basis of legal, voluntary, and compensated transfers of land-use rights.We will continue to carry out

2010年政府工作報告中英文對照版

comprehensive rural reform, improve supporting policies for the reform of tenure in collective forests, and launch the reform of state tree farms.We will continue to reform the basic system for the use of grasslands, develop specialized farmer cooperatives, improve the organization of agriculture, more quickly develop small rural financial institutions, actively promote micro-credit loans in rural areas, and improve rural financial services.We will also deepen reforms in township and town government departments.統籌推進城鎮化和新農村建設。堅持走中國特色城鎮化道路，促進大中小城市和小城鎮協調發展，著力提高城鎮綜合承載能力，發揮城市對農村的輻射帶動作用，促進城鎮化和新農村建設良性互動。壯大縣域經濟，大力加強縣城和中心鎮基礎設施和環境建設，引導非農產業和農村人口有序向小城鎮集聚，鼓勵返鄉農民工就地創業。城鄉建設都要堅持最嚴格的耕地保護制度和最嚴格的節約用地制度，切實保護農民合法權益。推進戶籍制度改革，放寬中小城市和小城鎮落戶條件。有計劃有步驟地解決好農民工在城鎮的就業和生活問題，逐步實現農民工在勞動報酬、子女就學、公共衛生、住房租購以及社會保障方面與城鎮居民享有同等待遇。進一步增加農村生產生活設施建設投入，啟動新一輪農村電網改造，擴大農村沼氣建設規模，今年再解決6000萬農村人口的安全飲水問題，實施農村清潔工程，改善農村生產生活條件。我們要讓符合條件的農業轉移人口逐步變為城鎮居民，也要讓農民有一個幸福生活的美好家園。

We will balance promoting urbanization and building a new countryside.We will keep to the path of urbanization with Chinese characteristics.We will promote balanced development between towns and large, small and medium-sized cities;increase the overall carrying capacity of cities and towns;ensure that cities stimulate the development of surrounding rural areas;and promote positive interaction between urbanization and the building of a new countryside.We will strengthen county economies, improve infrastructure and environmental protection in county towns and hub towns, guide an orderly flow of nonagricultural industries and rural people to small towns, and encourage returned rural migrant workers to start businesses in their hometowns.When developing urban and rural areas, we must adhere to the strictest possible systems for protecting arable land and economizing land use to genuinely safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of farmers.We will carry out reform of the household registration system and relax requirements for household registration in towns and small and medium-sized cities.We will solve employment and living problems rural migrant workers face in cities and towns in a planned and step-by-step manner, and gradually ensure that they receive the same treatment as urban residents in areas such as pay, children's education, healthcare, housing, and social security.We will further increase spending on the development of rural work and living facilities, begin a new round of upgrades of rural power grids, expand the construction of rural methane facilities, provide safe drinking water to another 60 million rural people, carry out the project to build a clean countryside, and improve working and living conditions there.We will allow eligible workers who have left agricultural work to gradually become urban residents, and develop a beautiful rural environment where farmers can live a happy life.（四）全面實施科教興國戰略和人才強國戰略

4.Fully implementing the strategies of reinvigorating China through science and education and strengthening the nation through human resource development 教育、科技和人才，是國家強盛、民族振興的基石，也是綜合國力的核心。

Education, science, and human resources are the cornerstones of national prosperity and rejuvenation, and are also at the core of overall national strength.優先發展教育事業。強國必先強教。只有一流的教育，才能培養一流人才，建設一流國家。要抓緊啟動實施國家中長期教育改革和發展規劃綱要。著重抓好五個方面：

We will give high priority to the development of education.For a country to become strong, it must first strengthen education.First-class education is a prerequisite for cultivating high-caliber personnel and building a great country.We will promptly begin to implement the Outline of the National Medium-and Long-Term Program for Education Reform and Development.We will focus on the following five areas.一是推進教育改革。要解放思想，大膽突破，勇于創新，鼓勵試驗，對辦學體制、教學內容、教育方法、評價制度等進行系統改革。堅持育人為本，大力推進素質教育。探索適應不同類型教育和人才成長的學校管理體制和辦學模式，提高辦學和人才培養水平。鼓勵社會力量興辦教育，滿足群眾多樣化的教育需求。

2010年政府工作報告中英文對照版

First, we will advance education reform.We need to emancipate our minds, boldly make breakthroughs and innovations, encourage experimentation, and carry out a systematic reform of the system for operating schools, curricula, teaching methods, and evaluation systems.We will continue to give top priority to cultivating the integrity of students and vigorously promote well-rounded education.We will explore systems of school management and ways of providing education that are suitable for different types of education and the development of people with different skills, so that we run schools better and turn out better graduates.We will encourage nongovernmental sectors to run schools in order to meet people's diverse demands for education.二是促進義務教育均衡發展。在合理布局的基礎上，加快推進中西部地區初中校舍改造和全國中小學校舍安全工程，盡快使所有學校的校舍、設備和師資達到規定標準。為農村中小學班級配備多媒體遠程教學設備，讓廣大農村和偏遠地區的孩子共享優質教育資源。加強學前教育和特殊教育學校建設。加大對少數民族和民族地區教育的支持。

Second, we will promote the balanced development of compulsory education.On the basis of a rational allocation of resources, we will accelerate the renovation of itmior secondary school buildings in the central and western regions.We will also accelerate implementation of the nationwide program for safe primary and secondary school buildings, and engtire that buildings, equipment and teaching staff in all schools reach established standards as soon as possible.We will provide multimedia distance learning facilities for rural primary and secondary schools so that children living in the vast rural and remote areas have access to quality education resources.We will improve preschool education and develop special education schools.We will increase educational support for ethnic minorities and ethnic minority areas.三是繼續加強職業教育。以就業為目標，整合教育資源，改進教學方式，著力培養學生的就業創業能力。

Third, we will continue to strengthen vocational education.With the goal of helping students find jobs, we will integrate education resources, improve teaching methods;and focus on nurturing students' employability and entrepreneurial abilities.四是推進高等學校管理體制和招生制度改革。進一步落實高等學校辦學自主權，鼓勵高等學校適應就業和經濟社會發展需要，調整專業和課程設置，推動高等學校人才培養、科技創新和學術發展緊密結合，激勵教師專注于教育，努力建設有特色、高水平大學。創建若干一流大學，培養杰出人才。中央財政要加大對中西部高等教育發展的支持。

Fourth, we will reform the management and admissions systems of institutions of higher learning.We will give them more decision-making power, encourage them to adjust their majors and curricula to Meet employment needs and the needs of economic and social development;more intimately integrate personnel training;scientific and technological innovation, and academic development;inspire their teachers to concentrate on education;and become high-level universities with their own distinctive features.We will develop a number of first-class universities that produce outstanding personnel.The central government will increase support for the development of higher education in the central and western regions.五是加強教師隊伍建設。從多方面采取措施，吸引優秀人才投身教育事業，鼓勵他們終身從教。重點加強農村義務教育學校教師和校長培訓，鼓勵優秀教師到農村貧困地區從教。加強師德教育，增強教師的責任感和使命感。教育寄托著億萬家庭對美好生活的期盼，關系著民族素質和國家未來。不普及和提高教育，國家不可能強盛。這個道理我們要永遠銘記。

Fifth, we will improve the ranks of our teachers.We will take a variety of measures to attract outstanding personnel to pursue careers in education and devote their lives to it.We will focus on strengthening training for teachers and principals of rural compulsory education schools, and encourage excellent teachers to teach in impoverished rural areas.We will intensify education to improve the professional ethics of our teachers, and enhance their sense of responsibility and mission.Hundreds of millions of families place their hopes for a better life on education, and education has a direct bearing on the quality of the nation and the future of the country.A country cannot become strong and prosperous if it does not make education universal and improve its quality.We must always keep this in mind.大力發展科學技術。要認真貫徹自主創新的方針，全面推進創新型國家建設，加快實施科技重大專項。著力突破帶動技術革命、促進產業振興的關鍵科技問題，突破提高健康水平、保障改善民生的重大公益性科技問題，突破增強國際競爭力、維護國家安全的戰略高技術問題。前瞻部署生物、納米、量子調控、信息網絡、氣候變化、空天海洋等領域基礎研究和前沿技術研究。

2010年政府工作報告中英文對照版

深化科技體制改革，著力解決科技與經濟脫節的問題，推動以企業為主體、市場為導向、產學研相結合的技術創新體系建設，促進科技資源優化配置、開放共享和高效利用。要大力實施知識產權戰略，加強知識產權創造、應用和保護。進一步激發廣大科技工作者和全社會的創新活力。

We will vigorously develop science and technology.We need to earnestly implement the policy of independent innovation, comprehensively build an innovative country, and accelerate the implementation of our major science and technology programs.We need to concentrate on making breakthroughs in key scientific and technological problems that can drive the technological revolution forward and promote industrial invigoration, in major scientific and technological problems related to public welfare that can improve people's health and the quality of their lives, and in problems in strategic, high-tech fields that can enhance our country's international competitiveness and safeguard our national security.We will make farsighted arrangements for basic research and research in cutting-edge technologies in the fields of biology, nanoscience, quantum control, information networks, climate change, aerospace and oceanography.We will deepen the reform of the system for managing science and technology;strive to bridge the gap between science and technology and the economy;promote the development of a system of technological innovation in which enterprises play the leading role, the market provides orientation, and the efforts of enterprises, universities and research institutes are integrated;and promote optimal allocation, open sharing, and highly efficient use of scientific and technological resources.We will vigorously implement the strategy for intellectual property rights and strengthen the creation, application and protection of them.We will further arouse the creativity of scientists, engineers and all of society.加快人才資源開發。人才是

2010年政府工作報告中英文對照版

創新，培育骨干文化企業，生產更多健康向上的文化產品，滿足人民群眾多樣化的文化需求。促進哲學社會科學、廣播影視、新聞出版、檔案事業發展，繁榮文學藝術創作，加強文物保護。積極開展對外文化交流，增強中華文化國際影響力。大力發展公共體育事業，廣泛開展全民健身運動，提高人民的身體素質。中華民族不僅能夠創造經濟奇跡，也一定能夠創造新的文化輝煌。

Over the past year, we vigorously developed non-profit cultural programs, sped up the reform of the cultural management system, improved the system of public cultural services, stimulated the rapid growth of our culture industry, brought prosperity to the culture market, and effectively expanded domestic demand.In the new year, we need to pay greater attention to and vigorously promote cultural progress.We will draw upon and carry forward the fine traditional culture of the Chinese nation, draw on and make use of the achievements of the cultures of other countries, and build a home of spirit shared by the whole Chinese nation.Our government needs to better carry out its responsibility for developing non-profit cultural programs and ensure that the people's basic demands are met and that their rights and interests are protected.We will give high priority to the primary, level, especially rural areas and the central and western regions in developing cultural infrastructure and allocating public cultural resources;make admission to more art galleries, libraries, cultural centers and museums free of charge;and enrich the people's intellectual and cultural lives.We will continue to reform the cultural management system, support non-profit cultural programs, develop the culture industry, encourage cultural innovation, foster leading cultural enterprises, and produce more healthy and inspirational cultural works to meet the diverse cultural needs of our people.We will promote the development of philosophy, the social sciences, radio, television, film, the press, publishing, and archives;make literary and artistic creation flourish;and strengthen the protection of our cultural heritage.We will vigorously develop cultural exchanges with foreign countries, and make Chinese culture more influential internationally.We will energetically develop recreational sports, launch an extensive exercise campaign for the general public, and improve the people's health.The Chinese nation can not only create economic miracles but also make brilliant new cultural achievements.（六）著力保障和改善民生，促進社會和諧進步

6.Vigorously ensuring and improving people's wellbeing, and promoting social harmony and progress 改善民生是經濟發展的根本目的。只有著力保障和改善民生，經濟發展才有持久的動力，社會進步才有牢固的基礎，國家才能長治久安。

Improving people's wellbeing is the fundamental goal of economic development.We can ensure that there is sustained impetus for economic development, a solid foundation for social progress, and lasting stability for the country only by working hard to ensure and improve people's wellbeing.千方百計擴大就業。這是保障和改善民生的頭等大事。今年就業形勢依然嚴峻，工作上不能有絲毫松懈。要繼續實施積極的就業政策。中央財政擬投入433億元用于促進就業。重點做好高校畢業生、農民工、就業困難人員就業和退伍轉業軍人就業安置工作。2009年到期的“五緩四減三補貼”就業扶持政策延長一年。加強政策支持和就業指導，鼓勵高校畢業生到城鄉基層、中西部地區和中小企業就業；拓寬就業、擇業、創業渠道，鼓勵自主創業、自謀職業等多種形式的靈活就業，以創業帶動就業。建立健全公共投資帶動就業的機制。繼續加強職業技能培訓，重點提高農民工和城鄉新增勞動力的就業能力。完善就業服務體系，健全勞動力輸出輸入地區協調協作機制，引導勞動力特別是農民工有序流動。加快建立統一規范的人力資源市場。維護勞動者合法權益，構建和諧的勞動關系。我們要通過持之以恒的努力，創造更多的就業機會，讓廣大勞動者各盡所能、各得其所。

We will do everything in our power to increase employment.This is the top priority in our work of ensuring and improving people's wellbeing.This year the employment situation will still be serious, and we cannot slacken our efforts in the slightest.We need to continue to implement a proactive employment policy.The central government will allocate 43.3 billion yuan to stimulate employment.Emphasis will be given to helping college graduates, rural migrant workers, people experiencing employment difficulty, and demobilized military personnel find jobs.The “five-four-three” employment support policies, originally scheduled to expire in 2009, will be extended for another year.[These policies allow qualified enterprises to postpone their payments of five types of social security contributions;reduce urban workers' contributions to four types of insurance funds, namely medical insurance, unemployment insurance, workers' compensation, and maternity insurance;and continue three types of subsidized，

2010年政府工作報告中英文對照版

enterprise-based job training programs.Tr.] We will increase policy support and employment guidance to encourage college graduates to take community-level jobs in urban and rural areas, and jobs in the central and western regions and in small and medium-sized enterprises.We will expand channels for seeking employment and starting businesses.We will encourage different forms of flexible employment, including starting businesses and finding jobs independently.We will also encourage job growth through the creation of new businesses.We will establish a sound mechanism for stimulating employment through public investment.We will continue to strengthen vocational training, with the focus on increasing the employability of rural migrant workers and new members of the workforce in urban and rural areas.We will improve the employment services system, strengthen coordination and cooperation between labor-exporting and labor-importing regions, and guide workers in an orderly flow, especially rural migrant workers.We will accelerate the development of a unified and standardized human resources market.We will safeguard the lawful rights and interests of workers and establish harmonious labor relations.We will work tirelessly to create more job opportunities and to enable workers to tap their full potential and find suitable jobs.加快完善覆蓋城鄉居民的社會保障體系。扎實推進新型農村社會養老保險試點，試點范圍擴大到23%的縣。加快解決未參保集體企業退休人員基本養老保障等遺留問題。將全國130萬“老工傷”人員全部納入工傷保險范圍。積極推進農民工參加社會保險。加強城鄉低保工作，切實做到動態管理、應保盡保。加強殘疾人社會保障和服務體系建設，進一步落實好扶殘助殘的各項政策，為他們平等參與社會生活創造更好的環境。企業退休人員基本養老金今年再提高10%。各級政府要進一步增加社會保障投入，中央財政擬安排3185億元。要多渠道增加全國社會保障基金，加強監管，實現保值增值。我們要加快構建更加完善的社會保障安全網，使人民生活有基本保障、無后顧之憂。

We will move faster to improve the social security system for both urban and rural residents.We will move steadily forward with the pilot program for a new old-age insurance system for rural residents by expanding it to 23% of the country's counties.We will act more quickly to solve longstanding problems, including the lack of basic old-age pensions for retirees of collectively owned enterprises that do not participate in group pension programs.Workers: compensation will be extended to all of the 1.3 million workers injured previous jobs who are not receiving benefits.We will work to extend coverage of social security to rural migrant workers.We will strengthen our work concerning subsistence allowances in both urban and rural areas, and ensure that it is managed in a manner that reflects changing conditions and that everyone who is entitled to such allowances receives them.We will work harder to build the social security and social services system for people with a disability, further implement policies for assisting and supporting them, and create a better environment for them to participate in social activities on an equal footing.We will increase basic old-age pensions for enterprise retirees by 10%.Governments at all levels need to spend more on social security, and the central government will appropriate 318.5 billion yuan for this purpose.We will increase the country's social security funds through multiple channels and strengthen oversight and supervision to maintain and increase their value.We will move faster to build a better social safety net to provide basic security to people and free them from worries.改革收入分配制度。合理的收入分配制度是社會公平正義的重要體現。我們不僅要通過發展經濟，把社會財富這個“蛋糕”做大，也要通過合理的收入分配制度把“蛋糕”分好。要堅持和完善按勞分配為主體、多種分配方式并存的分配制度，兼顧效率與公平，走共同富裕的道路。

We will reform the income distribution system.A rational income distribution system is an important manifestation of social fairness and justice.We will not only make the “pie” of social wealth bigger by developing the economy, but also distribute it well on the basis of a rational income distribution system.We need to uphold and improve the system in which distribution according to work is dominant and multiple forms of distribution coexist, give due consideration to efficiency and fairness, and take the path to common prosperity.一要抓緊制定調整國民收入分配格局的政策措施，逐步提高居民收入在國民收入分配中的比重，提高勞動報酬在初次分配中的比重。加大財政、稅收在收入初次分配和再分配中的調節作用。創造條件讓更多群眾擁有財產性收入。

First, we will promptly formulate policies and measures to adjust the distribution of national income, and gradually increase the proportion, of income individuals receive from the distribution of national income and the proportion of the primary distribution of income that goes to wages and salaries.We will strengthen the role of fiscal and taxation policies in adjusting the primary and secondary distribution of income.We will create conditions for

2010年政府工作報告中英文對照版

more people to earn income from property.二要深化壟斷行業收入分配制度改革。完善對壟斷行業工資總額和工資水平的雙重調控政策。嚴格規范國有企業、金融機構經營管理人員特別是高管的收入，完善監管辦法。

Second, we will deepen the reform of the income distribution system of monopoly industries.We will improve the policy of dual control over total payroll and wage scales in these industries.We will set strict standards for the income of executives, especially senior ones, of state-owned enterprises and financial institutions, and improve related oversight and supervision rules.三要進一步規范收入分配秩序。堅決打擊取締非法收入，規范灰色收入，逐步形成公開透明、公正合理的收入分配秩序，堅決扭轉收入差距擴大的趨勢。

Third, we will further standardize the pattern of income distribution.We will firmly crack down on and ban illegal income;regulate off-the-books income;gradually form a transparent, fair and rational pattern of income distribution;and resolutely reverse the widening income gap.促進房地產市場平穩健康發展。要堅決遏制部分城市房價過快上漲勢頭，滿足人民群眾的基本住房需求。

We will promote the steady and sound development of the real estate market.We will resolutely curb the precipitous rise of housing prices in some cities and satisfy people's basic need for housing.一是繼續大規模實施保障性安居工程。中央財政擬安排保障性住房專項補助資金632億元，比上年增加81億元。建設保障性住房300萬套，各類棚戶區改造住房280萬套。擴大農村危房改造試點范圍。各級政府要切實負起責任，嚴格執行建設計劃，確保土地、資金和優惠政策落實到位。

First, we will continue to carry out low-income housing projects on a large scale.The central government will allocate 63.2 billion yuan for low-income housing, an increase of 8.1 billion yuan over last year.We will build 3 million housing units for low-income families and renovate 2 8 million housing units in run-down areas.We will expand the pilot program for renovating dilapidated houses in rural areas.Governments at all levels must genuinely take responsibility to ensure that the annual construction plan is strictly carried out and that policies concerning land, funding, and preferential treatment are implemented well.二是繼續支持居民自住性住房消費。增加中低價位、中小套型普通商品房用地供應，加快普通商品房項目審批和建設進度。規范發展二手房市場，倡導住房租賃消費。盤活住房租賃市場。

Second, we will continue to support the purchase of homes to be used as their owners' residences.We will increase the land supply for building small and medium-sized condominiums to be sold at low and medium price levels, and expedite the approval procedure for and construction of such housing projects.We will standardize and develop the market for used homes, encourage home renting, and stimulate rental housing market.三是抑制投機性購房。加大差別化信貸、稅收政策執行力度。完善商品房預售制度。

Third, we will rein in speculative housing purchases.We will intensify the implementation of differentiated credit and tax policies.We will improve the advance purchase system for commodity housing.四是大力整頓和規范房地產市場秩序。完善土地收入管理使用辦法，抑制土地價格過快上漲。加大對圈地不建、捂盤惜售、哄抬房價等違法違規行為的查處力度。

Fourth, we will work to rectify and standardize the real estate market.We will improve the methods for managing and using income from land, and keep land prices from rising too fast.We will make greater efforts to deal with violations of laws and regulations such as keeping land unused, property hoarding, and price rigging.加快推進醫藥衛生事業改革發展。積極穩妥推進醫藥衛生體制改革，全面落實五項重點工作。繼續擴大基本醫療保障覆蓋面。今年要把城鎮居民基本醫保和新農合的財政補助標準提高到120元，比上年增長50%，并適當提高個人繳費標準。開展農村兒童白血病、先天性心臟病醫療保障試點，盡力為這些不幸的兒童和家庭提供更多幫助。在60％政府舉辦的基層醫療衛生機構實施基本藥物制度，其他醫療機構也要優先選用基本藥物。推進基本藥物集中采購和統一配送。基本完成城鄉基層醫療衛生機構建設規劃，大規模開展適宜人才培養和培訓。進一步完善支持村衛生室建設和鄉村醫生發展的政策措施。完善基層醫療衛生機構補償機制，落實崗位績效工資。開展社區首診試點，推動形成基層醫療衛生機構和醫院功能區分合理、協作配合、互相轉診的服務體系。切實加強甲型H1N1流感等重大傳染病防控和慢性病、職業病、地方病防治，提高突發公共衛生事件應急處置能力。開展公立醫院改革試點，堅持基本醫療的公益性方向，創新體制機制，充分調動醫務人員積極性，提高服務質量，控制醫療費

2010年政府工作報告中英文對照版

用，改善醫患關系。大力支持社會資本興辦醫療衛生機構，在服務準入、醫保定點等方面一視同仁。扶持和促進中醫藥、民族醫藥事業發展。醫藥衛生事業改革發展關系人民身體健康和家庭幸福，我們要克服一切困難，把這個世界性難題解決好。

We will accelerate the reform and development of the pharmaceutical and healthcare fields.We will actively yet prudently carry forward the reform of the pharmaceutical and healthcare systems, and comprehensively accomplish five key tasks.We will continue to expand the coverage of guaranteed basic medical care.This year we will raise government subsidies on basic medical insurance for non-working urban residents and on the new type of rural cooperative medical care system to 120 yuan per person per year, up 50% over last year, and appropriately increase rates for individual contributions.We will carry out a pilot program for ensuring that rural children with leukemia or congenital heart disease receive medical treatment and provide more assistance to these less fortunate children and their families.We will install the basic drug system in 60% of community medical institutions and urge other medical institutions to give high priority to the use of basic drugs.We will promote the centralized purchase and unified distribution of basic drugs.We will basically complete the plan for building community medical institutions in urban and rural areas, undertake personnel education and training on a large scale, and further improve the policies and measures for supporting the development of village clinics and rural doctors.We will improve the mechanism for subsidizing community medical institutions and link salaries to performance.We will carry out a pilot program for making community medical institutions the first option in medical treatment and work to create a service system in which hospitals and community medical institutions(each with its own well-defined functions)coordinate and collaborate with each other and refer cases to each other.We will strengthen prevention and control of influenza A(H1N1)and other major communicable diseases as well as chronic, occupational, and endemic diseases, and enhance our ability to handle public health emergencies.We will carry out a pilot reform of public hospitals;maintain the non profit nature of bask medical services;make institutional and procedural innovations;boost the morale of medical workers;raise the quality of service;control medical costs;and improve relations between medical service providers and consumers.We will energetically support the use of non-government capital to run medical and healthcare institutions, and such institutions will be treated the same as public hospitals in obtaining operating licenses and providing medical services covered by the public medical insurance system.We will support and promote the development of traditional Chinese medicine and folk medicines of ethnic minorities.The reform and development of the pharmaceutical and healthcare fields affects the health of the people and the happiness of their families;therefore, we must overcome all difficulties and solve this universal problem.做好人口和計劃生育工作。繼續穩定低生育水平。做好流動人口計劃生育服務工作。落實好農村婦女婦科疾病定期檢查和住院分娩補助政策。加強出生缺陷干預，開展免費孕前優生健康檢查試點，做好孕產婦和嬰幼兒保健工作。繼續實施農村部分計劃生育家庭獎勵扶助制度和西部地區少生快富工程。切實保護好婦女和未成年人權益。加強應對人口老齡化戰略研究，加快建立健全養老社會服務體系，讓老年人安享晚年生活。

We will do a good job in population and family planning work.We will continue to maintain a low birthrate.We will provide good family planning services for the floating population.We will provide regular gynecological examinations and subsidize hospital childbirths for rural women.We will strengthen intervention in birth defects;carry out a pilot program of free pre-pregnancy checkups;and provide quality health services for infants, pre-school children, and prenatal and nursing women.We will continue to reward and support eligible rural families that comply with family planning regulations, and carry out the “lower birthrate equals faster prosperity” project in the western region.We will take effective measures to protect the rights and interests of women and minors.We will intensify strategic research on coping with an aging population and move more quickly to create a sound system of old-age services so that people can live a happy life in their old age.（七）堅定不移推進改革，進一步擴大開放

7.Firmly advancing reform and further expanding opening up 今年要繼續深化重點領域和關鍵環節改革，努力實現新的突破。

This year we will continue to deepen reform in key areas and crucial links and work hard to achieve new breakthroughs.

2010年政府工作報告中英文對照版

我們要繼續推進國有經濟布局和結構戰略性調整。加快大型國有企業特別是中央企業母公司的公司制改革，實現產權多元化，完善法人治理結構。加快推進壟斷性行業改革，推進公用事業改革，切實放寬市場準入，積極引入競爭機制。著力營造多種所有制經濟公平競爭的市場環境，更好地促進非公有制經濟發展。

We will continue to make strategic adjustments in the distribution and structure of the state-owned sector.We will speed up the reform to introduce the corporate system in large state-owned enterprises, especially parent companies of enterprises under the central government, and we will diversify their ownership and improve their corporate governance.We will accelerate the reform of monopoly industries;promote reforms in public utilities;effectively expand market access;and actively introduce competitive mechanisms.We will create a market environment for fair competition among economic entities under diverse forms of ownership and facilitate stronger growth of the non-public sector.深化資源性產品價格和環保收費改革，作為節約能源資源、保護環境、實現可持續發展的重要舉措。要擴大用電大戶與發電企業直接交易試點，推行居民用電用水階梯價格制度，健全可再生能源發電定價和費用分攤機制。完善農業用水價格政策。改革污水處理、垃圾處理收費制度。擴大排污權交易試點。在推進這些改革中要注意協調好各方面利益關系，決不能讓低收入群眾的基本生活受到影響。

We will deepen the reform of prices for resource products and environmental protection charges.This is an important measure for conserving energy and resources, protecting the environment, and achieving sustainable development.We will expand the trial of direct transactions between major electricity consumers and producers;introduce tiered prices for household consumption of electricity and water;and improve the mechanism of price setting and cost sharing for electricity generated from renewable energy.We will improve the pricing policy for water used in apiculture.We will reform the system of sewage and garbage treatment charges.We will expand the trial of pollution rights trading.While pushing forward these reforms, we will balance the interests of different parties and ensure that the basic living conditions of people with low incomes are not adversely affected.要繼續推進財稅體制改革。健全公共財政體系。完善財政轉移支付制度，加大一般性轉移支付，增強地方政府提供基本公共服務的能力。健全省以下財政管理體制，完善縣級基本財力保障機制，推進省直管縣財政管理方式改革。全面編制中央和地方政府性基金預算，試編社會保險基金預算，完善國有資本經營預算制度。繼續做好增值稅轉型工作。推進資源稅改革。統一內外資企業和個人城建稅、教育費附加制度。

We will continue to reform the fiscal and taxation systems.We will strengthen the public finance system.We will improve the system of transfer payments, increase general transfer payments, and enhance the ability of local governments to provide basic public services.We will strengthen the fiscal management system at and below the provincial level, set up a mechanism to ensure basic funding for county governments, and carry forward reforms that place county finances directly under the management of provincial governments.We will draw up budgets for all funds controlled by central and local governments, prepare budgets for social security funds on a trial basis, and improve the budget system for the use of state capital.We will continue to make progress in VAT reform.We will carry forward the reform of resource taxes.We will extend the urban construction and maintenance tax and education surcharges to foreign enterprises and nationals.健全金融體系是應對國際金融危機沖擊的重要舉措。要繼續完善國有控股金融機構公司治理，改善經營管理機制，提高風險管控能力。繼續推動政策性金融機構改革。穩步推進資產管理公司轉型。深化農村信用社改革。推動中小金融機構規范發展。大力發展金融市場，鼓勵金融創新。推進跨境貿易人民幣結算試點，逐步發展境外人民幣金融業務。推進存款保險制度建設。加快發展農業保險。

Improving the financial system is an important measure for countering the impact of the global financial crisis.We will continue to improve corporate governance in financial institutions in which the state holds a controlling stake, improve their business management, and raise their ability to manage and control risks.We will continue the reform of policy-based financial institutions.We will steadily promote the transformation of asset management companies.We will deepen the reform of rural credit cooperatives.We will promote orderly development of small and medium-sized financial institutions.We will vigorously develop the financial market and encourage financial innovation.We will promote pilot projects for the use of the renminbi in cross-border trade, and gradually develop overseas financial

2010年政府工作報告中英文對照版

activities using the renminbi.We will continue building the deposit insurance system.We will speed up the development of agricultural insurance.要按照政事分開、事企分開和管辦分離的要求，在科學分類的基礎上，積極穩妥推進事業單位改革。

We will actively yet prudently push forward the reform of institutions on the basis of scientific classifications and in accordance with the requirements that government and business functions be spun off from institutions, and that supervision be separated from day-to-day operations.我們的改革是全面的改革，包括經濟體制改革、政治體制改革以及其他各領域的改革。沒有政治體制改革，經濟體制改革和現代化建設就不可能成功。要發展社會主義民主，切實保障人民當家作主的民主權利，特別是選舉權、知情權、參與權、表達權和監督權。進一步擴大基層民主，健全基層自治組織和民主管理制度，讓廣大群眾更好地參與管理基層公共事務。要堅持依法治國、依法行政。進一步健全法制，特別要重視那些規范和監督權力運行的法律制度建設。創新政府立法工作的方法和機制，擴大立法工作的公眾參與。

The reforms we are undertaking, including economic and political restructuring and reforms in other areas, are comprehensive.Without political restructuring, it would not be possible for economic restructuring and the modernization drive to succeed.We will develop socialist democracy, and effectively safeguard the democratic rights of the people as masters of the country, particularly their rights to vote and to stay informed about, participate and in, express views on, and oversee government affairs.We will further expand primary-level democracy, strengthen primary-level self-governing bodies, and improve the system of democratic administration at the primary level so that the people can better participate in the management of local public affairs.We will uphold the rule of law and continue to run the government in accordance with the law.We will further improve the legal system, particularly laws concerning the standardization and oversight of the exercise of power.We will innovatively revise the methods and mechanisms of the government's legislative Work and expand public participation in it.我們要全面適應國際形勢變化和國內發展要求，拓展對外開放的廣度和深度。

We will fully adapt to changes in the international situation, meet the needs of domestic development, and expand the breadth and depth of opening up.穩定發展對外貿易。今年的主要著力點是拓市場、調結構、促平衡。堅持實施市場多元化戰略和以質取勝戰略，落實和完善出口退稅、出口信貸、出口信用保險等各項政策措施，繼續改善海關、質檢、外匯等方面的服務。鞏固傳統市場，大力開拓新興市場。優化出口產品結構，穩定勞動密集型產品出口，擴大機電產品和高新技術產品出口，大力發展服務貿易和服務外包，努力培育出口品牌和營銷網絡，繼續嚴格控制“兩高一資”產品出口。積極推進加工貿易轉型升級。促進進出口平衡發展，重點擴大先進技術裝備、關鍵零部件和國內緊缺物資進口，穩定各項進口促進政策和便利化措施，敦促發達國家放寬高新技術產品出口限制。

We will steadily develop foreign trade.This year the main focus is on opening new markets and adjusting the foreign trade.We will adhere to the strategy of diversifying markets and the strategy of competing on quality;implement and improve policies and measures on export tax rebates, export credit, and export credit insurance;and continue to improve services related to customs, quality inspection, and foreign exchange.We will strengthen traditional markets and vigorously develop new markets.We will improve the export mix;stabilize exports of labor-intensive products;increase exports of electromechanical products as well as new-and high-technology products;energetically develop trade in services and service outsourcing;strive to cultivate exports of brand-name products and develop marketing networks and continue to strictly limit exports of resource products and products whose production consumes large quantities of energy and resources or is highly polluting.We will vigorously promote the transformation and upgrading of the processing trade.We will promote the balanced development of imports and exports;focus on increasing imports of advanced technology and equipment, key spare parts, and goods in short supply domestically;keep all policies and measures for promoting and facilitating imports stable;and urge developed countries to ease export restrictions on new-and high-technology products to China.推動利用外資和對外投資協調發展。優化利用外資結構，鼓勵外資投向高端制造業、高新技術產業、現代服務業、新能源和節能環保產業，鼓勵跨國公司在華設立地區總部等各類功能性機構，鼓勵中外企業加強研發合作。鼓勵外資參與國內企業改組改造和兼并重組，加快建立外資并購安全審查制度。促進“引資”與“引智”相結合。引導外資向中西部地區轉移和增加投資。

2010年政府工作報告中英文對照版

加快實施“走出去”戰略，鼓勵符合國外市場需求的行業有序向境外轉移產能，支持有條件的企業開展海外并購，深化境外資源互利合作，提高對外承包工程和勞務合作的質量。進一步簡化各類審批手續，落實企業境外投資自主權。“走出去”的企業要依法經營，規避風險，防止惡性競爭，維護國家整體利益和良好形象。

We will promote coordination between using other countries' investment in China and making Chinese investment overseas.We will optimize the utilization of foreign investment;encourage more foreign investment in high-end manufacturing, new-and high-technology industries, modern service industries, and the new energy, energy-conservation and environmental protection industries;encourage multinational corporations to set up regional headquarters and other functional agencies in China;and encourage Chinese and foreign enterprises to strengthen cooperation in MD.We will encourage the use of foreign investment for restructuring, upgrading, merging, and reorganizing Chinese companies, and quickly establish a security review system for mergers and acquisitions involving foreign investment.We will work to attract both investment and talent from overseas.We will guide foreign investors to transfer and increase their investments to the central and western regions.We will accelerate the implementation of the “go global” strategy;encourage Chinese industries whose products are in demand in foreign markets to transfer their production capacity overseas in an orderly manner;support qualified enterprises to carry out overseas mergers and acquisitions;deepen mutually beneficial cooperation concerning foreign resources;and improve the quality of overseas contracted projects and labor service cooperation.We will further simplify examination and approval procedures, and give enterprises decision-making power over their overseas investments.Enterprises that have “gone global” should operate in accordance with the law, avoid risks, prevent vicious competition, and safeguard the country's overall interests and good image.深化多邊雙邊經貿合作。加強和改善與發達國家的經貿關系，深化與發展中國家的互利合作，認真落實中非務實合作八項新舉措。發揮經濟高層對話和雙邊經貿聯委會作用。加快自由貿易區建設步伐。積極參與多哈回合談判，推動早日達成更加合理、平衡的談判結果。反對各種形式的保護主義，妥善處理貿易摩擦。

We will deepen multilateral and bilateral business cooperation.We will strengthen and improve business ties with developed countries, deepen mutually beneficial cooperation with other developing countries, and conscientiously implement the eight new policy measures for China's pragmatic cooperation with African countries.We will make full use of the role of high-level economic dialogue and bilateral economic and trade joint commissions.We will quicken the pace of establishing free trade zones.We will actively 'participate in the Doha round of trade talks to reach a more reasonable and balanced outcome as early as possible.We will oppose protectionism in all forms and properly handle trade frictions.上海世博會即將拉開帷幕。要加強與各參展國家、地區和國際組織的合作，把上海世博會辦成一屆成功、精彩、難忘的盛會，辦成一屆促進人類文明進步，促進科技創新，促進我國與世界各國交流合作、共同發展的盛會。

The Shanghai World Expo will open soon.We will strengthen cooperation with all participating countries, regions, and international organizations to make the Expo a successful, spectacular, and unforgettable event, and one that promotes the progress of human civilization, scientific and technological innovation, and exchanges and cooperation between, and common development of China and other countries of the world.（八）努力建設人民滿意的服務型政府

8.Working hard to build a service-oriented government that the people are satisfied with 一年來，政府自身改革和建設取得新進展。為應對各種困難，我們特別注意發揚民主、傾聽基層群眾意見，重視維護群眾利益。廣大公務員兢兢業業、勤勉盡責，為保增長、保民生、保穩定作出了積極貢獻。但是政府工作與人民的期望還有較大差距。職能轉變不到位，對微觀經濟干預過多，社會管理和公共服務比較薄弱；一些工作人員依法行政意識不強；一些領導干部脫離群眾、脫離實際，形式主義、官僚主義嚴重；一些領域腐敗現象易發多發。我們要以轉變職能為核心，深化行政管理體制改革，大力推進服務型政府建設，努力為各類市場主體創造公平的發展環境，為人民群眾提供良好的公共服務，維護社會公平正義。

Over the past year, new progress was made in government self-reform and self-development.To deal with difficulties of all kinds, we paid particular attention to promoting democracy, listening to the opinions of the masses, and protecting their interests.Our civil servants are devoted, diligent and responsible, and they made positive contributions to sustaining economic growth and ensuring people's well-being and maintaining stability.Nevertheless，

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the government's work still fell considerably short of public expectations.The transformation of government functions is incomplete;there is too much government interference in the micro-economy, and public administration and services are relatively weak.Some government employees give too little consideration to carrying out their official duties in accordance with the law;some leading cadres are divorced from reality and the masses, and are excessively formalistic and bureaucratic;and some areas are prone to corruption.With the focus on transforming government functions, we will deepen reform of the administrative system, work hard to make the government devoted to service, strive to create a fair development environment for all types of market entities, deliver quality public services to the masses, and uphold social fairness and justice.我們要全面正確履行政府職能，更加重視公共服務和社會管理。加快健全覆蓋全民的公共服務體系，全面增強基本公共服務能力。健全重大自然災害、突發公共安全事件應急處理機制。加強防災減災能力建設。加強食品藥品質量監管，做好安全生產工作，遏制重特大事故發生。

We will fully and properly perform government functions and attach greater importance to public services and administration.We will quickly improve the public service system with full coverage for all, and comprehensively improve our ability to provide basic public services.We will improve the mechanisms for responding to major natural disasters and emergencies that threaten public safety.We will improve our ability to prevent and mitigate natural disasters.We will strengthen the oversight and supervision of food and drug quality.We will ensure workplace safety and reduce the occurrence of major accidents.要適應新形勢，推進社會管理體制改革和創新，合理調節社會利益關系。認真解決企業改制、征地拆遷、環境保護、勞動爭議、涉法涉訴等領域損害群眾利益的突出問題，保障人民群眾的合法權益。加強和改進信訪工作。改善流動人口管理和服務。加強社會治安綜合治理，著力解決突出治安問題，防范和依法嚴厲打擊各類違法犯罪活動，維護國家安全和社會穩定。

We need to adapt to new circumstances, promote reform and innovation in the public administration system, and properly adjust the relationships between different interests.We will earnestly deal with serious infringements on the interests of the people related to conversion of enterprises to a stockholding system, land expropriation, housing demolition and resident relocation, environmental protection, labor disputes, and legal and litigation issues in order to safeguard the people's lawful rights and interests.We will improve the handling of public complaints lodged via letters or visits.We will improve supervision of and services for the floating population.We will strengthen all facets of public security, focus on resolving serious public security issues, and guard against and severely crack down on crimes of all sorts in accordance with the law in order to safeguard national security and social stability.要努力提高執行力和公信力。堅持決策的科學化、民主化，使各項政策更加符合實際、經得起檢驗。加強對政策執行情況的檢查監督，做到令行禁止。強化行政問責，對失職瀆職、不作為和亂作為的，要嚴肅追究責任。各地區、各部門對中央的決策部署要執行有力，絕不允許各自為政。各級行政機關及其公務員要自覺遵守憲法和法律，嚴格依法行政。切實改進行政執法工作，努力做到規范執法、公正執法、文明執法。加快建立健全決策、執行、監督相互制約又相互協調的行政運行機制。

We will work hard to improve our executive ability and earn greater public trust.We will continue to make decision making more scientific and democratic, and ensure that all of our policies are more suitable to conditions and can stand the test of time.We will strengthen inspection and oversight of policy implementation and ensure that all orders are carried out and all prohibitions are observed.We will strengthen administrative accountability.All persons who are derelict in their duty, fail to do their jobs or do them irresponsibly will be held fully accountable.All localities and departments must implement the decisions and arrangements of the central leadership effectively, and they may never go their own way.Government agencies at all levels and their civil servants must conscientiously abide by the Constitution and laws and carry out their administrative duties in strict accordance with the law.We will effectively improve law enforcement in government administration and work to ensure that laws are enforced in a standard, fair and civil manner.We will accelerate the establishment of a sound operating mechanism for government administration, one that allows decision making, enforcement, and oversight departments to restrain and coordinate with each other.要把反腐倡廉建設擺在重要位置，這直接關系政權的鞏固。各級領導干部特別是高級干部要堅決執行中央關于報告個人經濟和財產，包括收入、住房、投資，以及配偶子女從業等重大事項的規定，并自覺接受紀檢部門的監督。要把查處違法違紀大案要案，作為反腐敗的重要任務。充分發揮監察、審計部門的作用，加強對行政權力運行的監督。要建立健全懲治和預防腐敗體

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系的各項制度，特別要健全公共資源配置、公共資產交易、公共產品生產等領域的管理制度，增強制度約束力。要堅持勤儉行政，反對鋪張浪費，不斷降低行政成本。嚴格控制樓堂館所建設，禁止高檔裝修辦公樓，加快公務接待、公車使用等制度改革，從嚴控制公費出國出境。切實精簡會議和文件，特別要減少那些形式重于內容的會議、慶典和論壇。要深入推進政務公開，完善各類公開辦事制度和行政復議制度，創造條件讓人民批評政府、監督政府，同時充分發揮新聞輿論的監督作用，讓權力在陽光下運行。

We will give high priority to fighting corruption and encouraging integrity.This has a direct bearing on the firmness of our grip on political power.Leading cadres at all levels, especially high-ranking ones, must resolutely implement the central leadership's regulations on reporting the main facts concerning their personal financial situations and property, including their incomes, housing and investments, as well as the jobs of their spouses and children, and willingly accept the oversight of departments for discipline inspection.We will make investigating and prosecuting major violations of the law and discipline an important task in the fight against corruption.We will get supervision and auditing departments to fully play their role in strengthening oversight of the exercise of administrative power.We will create a sound body of regulations to prevent and punish corruption, particularly administrative regulations concerning the allocation of public resources, trade in public assets, and the production of public goods, and we will also enhance their binding force.We will run the government diligently and frugally, oppose extravagance and waste, and constantly reduce administrative costs.We will strictly control the construction of office buildings for Party and government bodies, prohibit extravagant remodeling of their office buildings, accelerate the reform of regulations concerning official receptions and the use of official cars, and firmly restrict the use of public funds for traveling abroad.We will effectively reduce the number of meetings and documents, particularly meetings, celebrations, and forums that are long on form and short on content.We will promote transparency of administrative affairs, improve regulations for transparent governance and administrative review, create conditions for the people to criticize and oversee the government, let the news media fully play their oversight role, and exercise power openly.我們所做的一切都是要讓人民生活得更加幸福、更有尊嚴，讓社會更加公正、更加和諧。

Everything we do we do to ensure that the people live a happier life with more dignity and to make our society fairer and more harmonious.各位代表！

Fellow Deputies, 促進民族團結，實現共同進步，是中華民族的生命、力量和希望所在。要鞏固和發展平等、團結、互助、和諧的社會主義民族關系。認真落實中央支持少數民族和民族地區發展的政策措施，優先支持邊疆民族地區加快發展。加快完成邊境一線地區危舊房改造，實施游牧民定居工程。新型農村社會養老保險要優先在邊境縣、民族地區貧困縣試點。加大扶持人口較少民族發展力度。繼續推進興邊富民行動。重視保護少數民族文化遺產和民族地區生態環境。切實做好少數民族流動人口公共服務、就業和管理工作，保障他們的合法權益。同時，加強國家意識、公民意識教育。我們要旗幟鮮明地反對民族分裂，維護祖國統一，讓少數民族和民族地區各族群眾充分感受到祖國大家庭的溫暖。

The Chinese nation's life, strength and hope lie in promoting solidarity achieving common progress of our ethnic groups.We must consolidate and develop socialist ethnic relations based on equality, unity, mutual assistance, and harmony.We will conscientiously implement the policies and measures of the central leadership to support development of ethic minorities and ethnic minority areas, and give high priority to supporting acceleration of the development of ethnic minority border areas.We will accelerate renovation of dilapidated buildings along our borders, and build permanent housing for nomads.Pilot programs for the new system of old-age insurance for rural residents need to be launched first in border counties and poverty-stricken counties in ethnic minority areas, will increase our support for the development of ethnic groups with small populations.We will continue to bring prosperity to border areas and the people who live there.We will give high priority to protecting the cultural heritage of ethnic minorities and the ecosystems in ethnic minority areas.We will do a good job in our work concerning public services and employment for and supervision of floating populations from ethnic minorities, and protect their lawful rights and interests.In addition, we will cultivate national consciousness and the sense of citizenship.We need to take a clear-cut

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stand against attempts to split the nation, safeguard national unity, and get ethnic minorities and the people of all ethnic groups who live in ethnic minority areas to feel the warmth of the motherland as one large family.我們要全面貫徹黨的宗教工作基本方針，依法管理宗教事務。發揮宗教界人士和信教群眾在促進經濟發展和社會和諧中的積極作用。

We will fully implement the Party's basic policies on religious work, and manage religious affairs in accordance with the law.We will get religious figures and religious believers to fully play their role in promoting economic development and social harmony.我們要認真貫徹黨的僑務政策。維護海外僑胞、歸僑僑眷的合法權益，支持他們傳承中華文化，參與祖國現代化建設和促進和平統一大業。

We will earnestly implement the Party's policy on overseas Chinese affairs.We will safeguard the lawful rights and interests of overseas Chinese and returned overseas Chinese and their relatives, and support them in passing on Chinese culture, participating in the motherland's modernization, and promoting the great cause of peaceful reunification.各位代表！

Fellow Deputies, 過去一年，國防和軍隊現代化建設取得新的成就。人民解放軍和武警部隊圓滿完成國慶首都閱兵、重點地區維穩等重大任務，為維護國家安全和發展利益發揮了重要作用。新的一年，要緊緊圍繞黨和國家工作大局，著眼全面履行新世紀新階段軍隊歷史使命，按照革命化現代化正規化相統一的原則，加強軍隊全面建設。以增強打贏信息化條件下局部戰爭能力為核心，提高應對多種安全威脅、完成多樣化軍事任務的能力。大力加強軍隊思想政治建設。加快全面建設現代后勤步伐。加強國防科研和武器裝備建設。依法治軍、從嚴治軍，提高軍隊正規化水平。積極穩妥地深化國防和軍隊改革。加強武警部隊現代化建設，增強執勤、處置突發事件、反恐、維穩能力。加強國防動員和后備力量建設。各級政府要一如既往地關心支持國防和軍隊建設，鞏固和發展軍政軍民團結。

Last year further achievements were made in the modernization of national defense mid the People's Liberation Army(PLA).The PLA and the People's Armed Police Force completed the major tasks of staging the National Day military parade in the capital and safeguarding stability in key areas, and played an important role in safeguarding the country's security and development interests.This year, we need to focus on the overall work of the Party and government and strengthen all aspects of the army in accordance with the principle of making it more revolutionary, modem, and standardized, so that it can complete its missions in this new stage and this new century.We will concentrate on making the army better able to win informationized local wars, and will enhance its ability to respond to multiple security threats and accomplish a diverse array of military tasks.We will work to strengthen the army ideologically and politically.We will accelerate the comprehensive development of a modem military logistics system.We will intensify R&D on national defense and the development of weapons and equipment.We will run the army strictly and in accordance with the law and make it more standardized.We will actively yet prudently deepen reform of national defense and the army.We will modernize improve the armed police force, and make it better able to carry out its duties, respond to emergencies, combat terrorism and safeguard stability.We will strengthen our national defense mobilization and reserve forces.Governments at all levels should, as always, care about and support the strengthening of national defense and the army, and consolidate and develop unity between the army and the government as well as between the army and the people.各位代表！

Fellow Deputies, 我們將堅定不移地貫徹“一國兩制”、“港人治港”、“澳人治澳”、高度自治的方針，全力支持香港、澳門保持長期繁榮穩定。支持香港鞏固并提升國際金融、貿易、航運中心地位，發展優勢產業，培育新的經濟增長點。支持澳門發展旅游休閑產業，促進經濟適度多元化。要認真實施珠江三角洲地區改革發展規劃綱要，積極推進港珠澳大橋等大型跨境基礎設施建設和珠海橫琴島開發，深化粵港澳合作，密切內地與港澳的經濟聯系。偉大祖國永遠是香港、澳門的堅強后盾。只要特別行政區政府與各界人士同心協力，包容共濟，共同維護繁榮穩定發展的大局，香港、澳門的明天一定會更加美好。

We will unswervingly implement the principle of “one country, two systems,” under which the people of Hong

2010年政府工作報告中英文對照版

Kong administer Hong Kong, and the people of Macao administer Macao both with a high degree of autonomy, and fully support Hong Kong and Macao in maintaining long-term prosperity and stability.We will support Hong Kong in consolidating and elevating its position as an international financial, trade, and shipping center;developing industries with local advantages;and fostering new areas of economic growth.We will support Macao in developing its tourism and leisure industry and appropriately diversifying its economy.We will conscientiously implement the Outline of the Program for Reform and Development of the Pearl River Delta, vigorously promote the construction of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge and other major cross-boundary infrastructure projects as well as the development of Zhuhai's Hengqin Island, deepen cooperation between Guangdong and the Hong Kong and Macao regions, and increase economic ties between the mainland and these two regions.The great motherland will remain a staunch supporter of Hong Kong and Macao forever.As long as the governments of the Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions and their people from all walks of life work together;accommodate and help each other;and jointly safeguard overall prosperity, stability, and development, Hong Kong and Macao will enjoy a brighter future.過去的一年，兩岸關系在新的歷史起點上取得重要進展，呈現和平發展良好勢頭。兩岸交流合作不斷深入，全面直接雙向“三通”得以實現。經濟關系正常化邁出重要步伐，經濟合作制度化建設逐步推進。兩岸關系持續改善和發展，給兩岸同胞帶來了實實在在的利益。

Last year relations between the two sides of the Taiwan Straits made important progress from a historic new starting point, and a positive trend toward peaceful development emerged.Cross-Straits exchanges and cooperation constantly deepened, and complete, direct, two-way mail, transport and trade links were established.We took important steps to normalize cross-Straits economic relations, and economic cooperation between the two sides gradually became institutionalized.The constant improvement and development of cross-Straits relations brought real benefits to our compatriots on both sides.在新的一年里，我們要繼續堅持發展兩岸關系、促進祖國和平統一的大政方針，牢牢把握兩岸關系和平發展的主題，不斷開創兩岸關系和平發展新局面。密切兩岸經貿金融交往，深化產業合作，支持在大陸的臺資企業發展，維護臺胞合法權益。鼓勵有條件的大陸企業赴臺投資。支持海峽西岸經濟區在兩岸交流合作中發揮先行先試作用。通過商簽兩岸經濟合作框架協議，促進互利共贏，建立具有兩岸特色的經濟合作機制。拓展文化教育交流，共同弘揚中華文化。加強兩岸民眾和社會各界交流，共同分享兩岸關系和平發展成果，進一步凝聚推動兩岸關系和平發展的共識。堅持大陸和臺灣同屬一個中國，鞏固兩岸關系和平發展的政治基礎，增強兩岸政治互信。我們堅信，全體中華兒女同心協力，祖國完全統一的宏偉大業一定能夠實現！

In the new year, we will continue to adhere to the principle of developing cross-Straits relations and promoting peaceful reunification of the motherland, firmly embrace the theme of peaceful development of cross-Straits relations and constantly create new conditions for it.We will strengthen economic, trade, and financial contacts between the two sides;deepen industrial cooperation;support the development of Taiwan-funded enterprises on the mainland;and safeguard the lawful rights and interests of our Taiwan compatriots.We will encourage qualified mainland enterprises to invest in Taiwan.We will support the economic zone in Fujian Province on the west coast of the Straits in playing its role in pioneering new approaches to exchanges and cooperation between the two sides.We will promote a win-win situation, set up an economic cooperation mechanism that reflects the characteristics of both sides by negotiating and signing an economic cooperation framework agreement(ECEA).We will expand cultural and educational exchanges, and work with Taiwan to promote Chinese culture.We will increase exchanges between people from all sectors of society on both sides, so that everyone can share in the fruits of the peaceful development of cross-Straits relations and more fully realize the importance of promoting peaceful development.We will uphold the principle that the mainland and Taiwan belong to one and the same China, strengthen the political foundation for the peaceful development of cross-Straits relations, and enhance mutual political trust between the two sides.We firmly believe that with the concerted efforts of the Chinese people, we will achieve the complete reunification of the motherland.各位代表！

Fellow Deputies, 過去的一年，外交工作取得新的重大成績。我國積極參加應對國際金融危機、氣候變化等國際合作，在一系列重大多邊會議

2010年政府工作報告中英文對照版

上發揮了獨特的建設性作用。我們積極開展全方位外交，與各大國、周邊國家和廣大發展中國家的對話合作穩步推進。大力加強人文等領域外交。有效維護我國公民和法人在海外的合法權益。

We achieved new, important results in our diplomatic work last year.We actively participated in international cooperation to respond to the global financial crisis and climate change, and played a unique, constructive role in a series of major multilateral conferences.We energetically carried out all-round diplomacy, and made steady progress in dialogue and cooperation with major powers, neighboring countries, and developing countries.We greatly strengthened diplomacy in all fields, including cultural diplomacy.We effectively safeguarded the lawful rights and interests of Chinese nationals and corporations overseas.新中國外交走過了60年光輝歷程，在國際舞臺上留下了閃光足跡。我們將繼續發揚光榮傳統，始終高舉和平、發展、合作旗幟，堅持獨立自主的和平外交政策，堅持走和平發展道路，奉行互利共贏的開放戰略，推動建設持久和平、共同繁榮的和諧世界，為我國現代化建設創造良好的外部環境。新的一年，我們將繼續以20國集團金融峰會等重大多邊活動為主要平臺，積極參與國際體系變革進程，維護發展中國家利益。統籌協調好雙邊外交與多邊外交、國別區域外交與各領域外交工作，推動我國與各大國、周邊國家和發展中國家的關系全面深入發展。緊緊抓住中國－東盟自貿區全面建成、上海合作組織召開峰會等契機，積極推進區域合作。進一步做好應對氣候變化、能源資源合作等方面的對外工作，在妥善解決熱點問題和全球性問題中發揮建設性作用。中國政府和人民愿與國際社會攜手努力，共同應對風險挑戰，共同分享發展機遇，為世界和平與發展作出新貢獻！

With a splendid, 60-year diplomatic history, New China has left shining footprints on the international stage.We will carry forward our fine traditions;always hold high the banner of peace, development, and cooperation;adhere to an independent foreign policy of peace and the path of peaceful development;pursue an open strategy of mutual benefit;promote the building of a harmonious world with durable peace and common prosperity;and create a favorable external environment for China's modernization.In the new year, we will continue to use the G20 financial summit and other major multilateral activities as our main platforms for actively participating in the process of change in the international system and safeguarding the interests of developing countries.We will make overall plans for coordinating bilateral and multilateral diplomacy as well as diplomacy with individual countries and regions and in various fields, and promote further, comprehensive development of our relations with major powers, neighboring countries, and developing countries.We will take advantage of the opportunities offered by the completion of the ASEAN-China free trade zone and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization summit to actively promote regional cooperation.We will continue to carry out diplomatic work in climate change, energy and resource cooperation, and other areas, and play a constructive role in finding proper solutions to hot issues and global problems.The Chinese government and people stand ready to work with the international community to respond to risks and challenges, share development opportunities, and make new contributions to world peace and development.各位代表！

Fellow Deputies, 艱辛成就偉業，奮斗創造輝煌。讓我們在以胡錦濤同志為總書記的黨中央領導下，凝聚起億萬人民的智慧和力量，再接再厲，開拓進取，全面完成“十一五”規劃的各項任務，不斷奪取改革開放和社會主義現代化建設事業的新勝利！

Hardship gives birth to great causes, and arduous struggle results in glorious achievements.Under the leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Hu Jintao as General Secretary, let us pool the wisdom and strength of the hundreds of millions of our people;redouble our efforts to break fresh ground;complete all the tasks set forth in the Eleventh Five-Year Plan;and constantly win new victories in reform, opening up, and socialist modernization

第五篇：2008年政府工作報告-中英文對照

2008年中華人民共和國政府工作報告(中英文)

政府工作報告

REPORT ON THE WORK OF THE GOVERNMENT ——2008年3月5日在第十一屆全國人民代表大會第一次會議上

Delivered at the First Session of the Eleventh National

People's Congress on March 5, 2008

國務院總理 溫家寶

各位代表：

Fellow Deputies, 現在，我代表國務院，向大會報告本屆政府過去五年的工作，對今年工作提出建議，請予審議，并請全國政協各位委員提出意見。

On behalf of the State Council, I would now like to deliver to you a report on the work of the government over the past five years and on the arrangements for its work this year for your deliberation and approval and also for comments and suggestions from the members of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference(CPPCC).一、過去五年工作回顧

I.Review of the Work of the Past Five Years 第十屆全國人民代表大會第一次會議以來的五年，是不平凡的五年。在中國共產黨領導下，各級政府和全國各族人民認真貫徹黨的十六大精神，齊心協力，頑強拼搏，積極應對復雜多變的國際環境，努力克服經濟社會發展中的各種困難，戰勝了突如其來的嚴重非典疫情和歷史罕見的低溫雨雪冰凍等特大自然災害，改革開放和現代化建設取得了舉世矚目的重大成就。

The past five years since the First Session of the Tenth National People's Congress was a momentous period.Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China(CPC), governments at all levels and people of all the ethnic groups in China diligently followed the guiding principles set out at the Sixteenth CPC National Congress and worked in concert and with dedication.We vigorously responded to the complex and volatile international environment, strove to overcome various difficulties hindering economic and social development, and prevailed over the sudden and severe outbreak of SARS and catastrophic natural disasters such as the recent snow and ice storms in the south that the region has rarely seen before.We made major achievements in reform, opening up and modernization, which attracted the attention of the world.1 / 57 2008年中華人民共和國政府工作報告(中英文)

——經濟跨上新臺階。2007年，國內生產總值達到24.66萬億元，比2002年增長65.5%，年均增長10.6%，從世界第六位上升到第四位；全國財政收入達到5.13萬億元，增長1.71倍；外匯儲備超過1.52萬億美元。

– The economy reached a new high.China's GDP in 2007 reached 24.66 trillion yuan, an increase of 65.5% over 2002 and an average annual increase of 10.6%, rising from the sixth highest one in the world to the fourth.Total government revenue reached 5.13 trillion yuan, a 171% increase over 2002.Our foreign exchange reserves exceeded US$ 1.52 trillion.——取消農業稅，終結了農民種田交稅的歷史。全國糧食連續四年增產，2007年產量達到50150萬噸。

– The agricultural tax was rescinded, ending the centuries-old practice of farmers paying taxes.China's grain output rose four consecutive years to reach 501.5 million tons in 2007.——國有企業、金融、財稅、外經貿體制和行政管理體制等改革邁出重大步伐。開放型經濟進入新階段。2007年進出口總額達到2.17萬億美元，從世界第六位上升到第三位。

– Major progress was made in the reform of state-owned enterprises(SOEs), the financial system, fiscal and taxation systems, the system of foreign trade and economic cooperation, and the administrative system.China has entered a new stage in developing a more open economy.Total volume of imports and exports reached $2.17 trillion in 2007, raising China from the sixth largest trading nation in the world to the third largest.——創新型國家建設進展良好，涌現出一批具有重大國際影響的科技創新成果。載人航天飛行和首次月球探測工程圓滿成功。

– Good progress was made in efforts to make China more innovative, and a number of major scientific and technological innovations with international impact were made.Manned spaceflights and our first moon exploration project were successfully carried out.——全面實現農村免費義務教育，這是我國教育發展史上的重要里程碑。覆蓋城鄉的公共衛生體系和基本醫療服務體系初步建立。

– Free compulsory education was made available to all rural students, marking an important milestone in the history of the development of education in China.The basic frameworks for a public health system and a system of basic medical services covering both urban and rural areas have been put in place.——城鄉公共文化服務體系逐步完善。文化體制改革取得重要進展，文化事業和文化產業快速發展。上海特奧會成功舉辦。北京奧運會、殘奧會和上海世博會籌備工作進展順利。

– Steady improvement was made in the urban and rural system of public cultural services.Significant progress was made in reform of the cultural management system, and the development of cultural programs and cultural industries was accelerated.The Shanghai Special Olympics was successfully held.Preparations for the 2008 Olympics and Paralympics in Beijing and the 2010 World Expo in Shanghai proceeded smoothly.——民主法制建設取得新進步，依法行政扎實推進，保障人民權益和維護社會公平正義得到加強。

– Progress was made in developing democracy and the legal system and in 2 / 57 2008年中華人民共和國政府工作報告(中英文)

enhancing law-based government.Greater efforts were made to safeguard people's rights and interests and ensure social fairness and justice.——人民生活顯著改善。五年全國新增城鎮就業5100萬人。城鎮居民人均可支配收入由2002年7703元增加到2007年13786元，農村居民人均純收入由2476元增加到4140元。社會保障體系框架初步形成。貧困人口逐年減少。

– People's living standards improved significantly.Fifty-one million urban jobs were created over the past five years.Urban per capita annual disposable income rose from 7,703 yuan in 2002 to 13,786 yuan in 2007, and rural per capita annual net income rose from 2,476 yuan to 4,140 yuan during the same period.The basic framework for a social safety net for both urban and rural areas was put in place.The number of people living in poverty was reduced every year.事實充分說明，過去五年是改革開放和全面建設小康社會取得重大進展的五年，是社會生產力和綜合國力顯著增強的五年，是社會事業全面發展和人民得到更多實惠的五年，是我國國際地位和影響不斷提高的五年。

All these improvements fully demonstrate that during the past five-year period great strides were made in carrying out reform and opening up and building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.During this time the productive forces and overall national strength were significantly improved, social programs were comprehensively developed, people received even greater benefits and China's international standing and influence constantly grew.五年來，我們樹立和落實科學發展觀，著力發展經濟、深化改革開放、保障和改善民生，促進社會和諧，付出了巨大努力，做了大量工作。

During the past five years we established and put into practice the Scientific Outlook on Development, worked hard on economic development, deepened reform and opening up, ensured the wellbeing of the people, improved their lives, and promoted social harmony.We made great efforts and accomplished a great deal.（一）加強和改善宏觀調控，促進經濟平穩快速發展

1.Improving macroeconomic regulation to promote steady and rapid economic development.我們圍繞解決經濟運行中的突出矛盾，注重宏觀調控的預見性、及時性和有效性。幾年來，針對固定資產投資增長過快、貨幣信貸投放過多、外貿順差過大，以及農業基礎薄弱等經濟發展中不穩定、不協調、不可持續的問題，嚴把土地、信貸兩個閘門，提高市場準入門檻，適時調整財政政策、貨幣政策，完善產業政策和土地政策，調整經濟結構，加強薄弱環節，搞好經濟運行調節。

We endeavored to make macroeconomic regulation more proactive, responsive and effective, with the focus on resolving major problems affecting economic operation.Over the past few years, we tightened controls on the supplies of land and credit, raised market access requirements, adjusted financial and monetary policies as needed, improved industrial policies and the land policy, adjusted the economic structure, shored up weak links and effectively regulated economic operation to address problems such as overheated growth in fixed asset investment, excessive supplies of money and credit, excessively large trade surplus, and weakness in agriculture, the foundation of the economy, which 3 / 57 2008年中華人民共和國政府工作報告(中英文)

could cause economic development to become unstable, unbalanced and unsustainable.根據經濟形勢的變化，多次及時調整金融機構存款準備金率、存貸款基準利率，取消或降低高耗能、高排放和資源性產品的出口退稅。這些宏觀調控措施取得明顯成效，經濟連續五年保持平穩快速發展，沒有出現大的起落。

In response to changes in the economy, we have repeatedly made timely adjustments in the required reserve ratio and the benchmark interest rates for savings and loans in financial institutions and rescinded or reduced export tax rebates for resource products and products whose production is energy intensive or highly polluting.These macroeconomic regulatory measures produced significant results, and China's economy maintained steady and rapid development throughout the five-year period, without experiencing major fluctuations.我們從加強農業基礎入手，把促進糧食增產和農民增收作為首要任務，在制度、政策和投入方面采取一系列重大舉措。全部取消了農業稅、牧業稅和特產稅，每年減輕農民負擔1335億元。同時，建立農業補貼制度，對農民實行糧食直補、良種補貼、農機具購置補貼和農業生產資料綜合補貼，對產糧大縣和財政困難縣鄉實行獎勵補助。大幅度增加對農業農村投入，中央財政用于“三農”的支出五年累計1.6萬億元，其中用于農村基礎設施建設近3000億元，地方也較多增加了投入。

We adopted a series of major measures related to institutions, policies and investment to increase grain production and rural incomes as a matter of priority and strengthen agriculture as the foundation of the economy.We completely rescinded the agricultural tax, livestock tax and tax on special agricultural products throughout China, reducing the burden on farmers by an average of 133.5 billion yuan per year.In addition, we set up a subsidy scheme for agriculture, instituting direct subsidies for grain producers, subsidies for superior crop varieties, subsidies for the purchase of agricultural machinery and tools, and general subsidies for agricultural production supplies and providing incentives to major grain-producing counties and subsidies to counties and townships with serious financial difficulties.Investment in agriculture and rural areas was greatly increased.Central government allocations for agriculture, rural areas and farmers reached 1.6 trillion yuan over the past five years, including nearly 300 billion yuan that was used for developing rural infrastructure.Local governments also substantially increased their input.五年新增節水灌溉面積666.7萬公頃、新增沼氣用戶1650萬戶、新建改建農村公路130萬公里，解決了9748萬農村人口飲水困難和飲水安全問題，建立了重大動物疫病防控體系，防止了高致病性禽流感等疫情蔓延。這些措施，極大地調動了農民積極性，有力地推動了社會主義新農村建設，農村發生了歷史性變化，億萬農民由衷地感到高興。農業的發展，為整個經濟社會的穩定和發展發揮了重要作用。

During the five-year period, an additional 6.667 million hectares of farmland was equipped with water-saving irrigation facilities, methane gas was made available to 16.5 million more households, 1.3 million kilometers of rural roads were built or upgraded, and safe drinking water was provided to an additional 97.48 million rural residents.A system for the prevention and control of major 4 / 57 2008年中華人民共和國政府工作報告(中英文)

animal diseases was set up, and the spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza was prevented.These measures greatly encouraged farmers to grow more, gave a strong impetus to the development of a new socialist countryside and brought historic changes to rural China to the great satisfaction of hundreds of millions of rural people.Agricultural development played an important role in ensuring the overall stability and development of China's economy and society.我們制定了國家中長期科學和技術發展規劃綱要，對2006－2020年的科技發展作出全面部署，啟動一批重大專項。這對增強自主創新能力，推進創新型國家建設，有著重要而深遠的影響。基礎科學和前沿技術研究得到加強，取得高性能計算機、第三代移動通信、超級雜交水稻等一批重大創新成果，形成了一批具有自主知識產權和市場競爭力的產品。

We formulated the Outline of the National Program for Long-and Medium-Term Scientific and Technological Development, which contains comprehensive plans for the development of science and technology in China from 2006 through 2020 and calls for the launching of a number of major projects.This will have an important and far-reaching impact on efforts to strengthen China's capacity for independent innovation and make it an innovative country.Work in basic research and research in leading-edge technologies was intensified;a number of major innovations such as high-performance computers, third generation mobile communications, and super-hybrid rice were achieved;and a number of products that are competitive and carry Chinese intellectual property rights were developed.五年中央財政用于科技的投入達到3406億元。全社會研究與實驗發展經費，從2002年1288億元增加到2007年的3664億元，占國內生產總值比重從1.07%提高到1.49%。以企業為主體的技術創新體系建設取得重要進展。科技創新支撐和引領經濟社會發展的能力明顯增強。

The central government spent 340.6 billion yuan on science and technology over the past five years.China's total investment in research, experimentation and development rose from the 128.8 billion yuan of 2002 to 366.4 billion yuan in 2007, with its share in the GDP rising from 1.07% to 1.49%.Major progress was made in developing a system for technological innovation in which enterprises play a key role.The capacity of scientific and technological innovation to sustain and boost economic and social development was markedly increased.我們制定和實施一系列產業政策和專項規劃，促進產業結構優化升級。信息、生物、航空航天、新能源、新材料、海洋等高新技術產業加快發展。振興裝備制造業成效顯著。旅游、金融、物流等現代服務業蓬勃發展。基礎設施基礎產業建設取得長足進展，一批重大工程相繼建成或順利推進。

We formulated and implemented a series of industrial policies and special plans designed to improve and upgrade the industrial structure.Development of new and high technology industries in information, biology, aerospace, new energy sources, new materials and oceanography was accelerated.Efforts to boost the equipment manufacturing industry produced significant results.Development of modern service industries such as tourism, banking and distribution was accelerated.Great progress was made in the development of infrastructure and basic industries, marked by the completion of or smooth 5 / 57 2008年中華人民共和國政府工作報告(中英文)

progress on a number of major projects.青藏鐵路提前一年建成通車，三峽工程防洪、發電、航運等綜合效益全面發揮，西電東送、西氣東輸全面投產，南水北調工程進展順利，溪洛渡水電站、紅沿河核電站、京滬高速鐵路和千萬噸級煉油廠、百萬噸級乙烯等一批重大項目陸續開工建設，普光氣田、南堡油田等勘查開發取得重大進展。五年新增電力裝機3.5億千瓦，是1950年到2002年53年的總和；新增公路19.2萬公里，其中高速公路2.8萬公里；新增鐵路營運里程6100公里；建成萬噸級以上泊位568個；新增電信用戶4.94億戶。這些有效改善了能源交通通信狀況，增強了經濟社會發展后勁。

The Qinghai-Tibet Railway was opened to traffic a year ahead of time;the Three Gorges Project is fully playing its designed role in flood prevention, power generation and shipping;the projects to send electricity and gas from China's western region to the eastern region are fully operational;the project to divert water from southern China to northern China is progressing smoothly;and construction has been started on a number of major projects such as the Xiluodu Hydroelectric Plant, Hongyanhe Nuclear Power Plant, Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway, a ten million-ton capacity oil refinery and a million-ton capacity ethylene plant.Major progress has been made in the prospecting and development of the Puguang Gas Field and the Nanpu Oilfield.Newly added power-generating capacity over the five years totaled 350 million kW, equivalent to all the capacity added between 1950 and 2002.A total of 192,000 kilometers of highways were built, including 28,000 kilometers of expressways.A total of 6,100 kilometers of new railway lines went into operation.An additional 568 berths that can handle ships larger than 10,000 tons were completed.The number of telecommunications users was increased by 494 million.All of the above measures effectively improved the capacity of the energy, transportation and communications sectors and strengthened the basis for further economic and social development.我們高度重視資源節約和環境保護。“十一五”規劃綱要把節能和減排作為約束性目標。近兩年，又提出并實施節能減排綜合性工作方案，建立節能減排指標體系、監測體系、考核體系和目標責任制，頒布了應對氣候變化國家方案。依法淘汰一大批落后生產能力，關停小火電2157萬千瓦、小煤礦1.12萬處，淘汰落后煉鐵產能4659萬噸、煉鋼產能3747萬噸、水泥產能8700萬噸。啟動十大重點節能工程。燃煤電廠脫硫工程取得突破性進展。中央政府投資支持重點流域水污染防治項目691個。繼續推進天然林保護、京津風沙源治理等生態建設，五年累計退耕還林、植樹造林3191萬公頃，退牧還草3460萬公頃。加強土地和水資源保護，五年整理復墾開發補充耕地152.6萬公頃。經過各方面努力，節能減排取得積極進展，2007年單位國內生產總值能耗比上年下降3.27%，化學需氧量、二氧化硫排放總量近年來首次出現雙下降，比上年分別下降3.14％和4.66％。節約資源和保護環境從認識到實踐都發生了重要轉變。

We gave high priority to conserving resources and protecting the environment.Obligatory targets for saving energy and reducing emissions were set in the Outline of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development.In the last two years, a general work plan for saving energy and reducing emissions was introduced;a system of targets for this work, a monitoring system, a system for assessing work performance and a system of 6 / 57 2008年中華人民共和國政府工作報告(中英文)

accountability for reaching the targets were put in place;and a state plan to address climate change was promulgated.A large number of backward production facilities were shut down in accordance with the law.They include small thermal power plants with a total capacity of 21.57 million kW, 11,200 small coal mines, backward iron smelting facilities with a total capacity of 46.59 million tons, backward steel plants with a total capacity of 37.47 million tons and cement plants with a total capacity of 87 million tons.Ten major energy-saving projects were launched.Breakthroughs were made in carrying out desulfurizing projects for coal-fired power plants.The central government provided financial support for 691 projects to prevent and control water pollution in major river valleys.Work continued on ecological conservation projects such as those to protect natural forests and control the factors causing sandstorms in Beijing and Tianjin.During the five-year period, the area of farmland retired for forestation and other lands planted with trees amounted to 31.91 million hectares, and grazing land returned to natural grasslands totaled 34.6 million hectares.Protection of land and water resources was strengthened, with a total of 1.526 million hectares of farmland being upgraded, reclaimed or newly developed over the last five years.Thanks to the strong efforts of the whole country, encouraging progress was made in conserving energy and reducing emissions.In 2007 there was a 3.27% year-on-year drop in energy consumption per unit of GDP, and for the first time in recent years there was a reduction in both chemical oxygen demand and the total emission of sulfur dioxide, with the former down 3.14% and the latter down 4.66% from the previous year.People became more aware of the importance of conserving resources and protecting the environment and made greater efforts in this area.我們實施區域發展總體戰略。西部大開發繼續推進，五年中央財政支持重點建設投資2800多億元，基礎設施和生態環境建設取得明顯進展，重點地區和特色優勢產業加快發展。制定和實施振興東北地區等老工業基地戰略，大型糧食基地建設不斷加強，國有企業改革改組改造取得突破性進展，重大技術裝備國產化成效顯著，資源型城市經濟轉型試點進展順利，老工業基地煥發出新的生機和活力。

We followed a master strategy for regional development.Continued progress was made in the large-scale development of the western region, with central government financial support for key projects totaling over 280 billion yuan over the last five years.Substantial progress was made in infrastructure development and ecological and environmental conservation projects, and development of key areas and industries with local advantages was accelerated.We formulated and implemented the strategy of rejuvenating the old industrial bases such as northeast China, increased efforts to develop large grain production bases, made breakthroughs in reforming, reorganizing and upgrading SOEs, made major progress in using domestically-produced key equipment in place of imports, and made smooth headway in the trial to transform the economies of cities dependent on resource exploitation.The old industrial bases are now showing new signs of vitality.制定和實施促進中部地區崛起政策措施，糧食主產區現代農業建設步伐加快，重要能源 7 / 57 2008年中華人民共和國政府工作報告(中英文)

原材料工業、裝備制造業和綜合交通運輸體系進一步發展。東部地區繼續率先發展，經濟實力和整體素質顯著提升。經濟特區、上海浦東新區、天津濱海新區開發開放加快推進。這些重大舉措，促進了區域經濟合理布局和協調發展。

We formulated and implemented policies and measures to promote development in the central region and made accelerated progress in developing modern agriculture in major grain-producing areas.Major energy and raw material industries, the equipment manufacturing industry and the overall transportation system were further developed.The eastern region continued to lead in development, with significant gains in economic strength and overall improvement.The process of developing and opening up the special economic zones, the Shanghai Pudong New Area and the Tianjin Binhai New Area was accelerated.These major measures promoted a better distribution and more balanced development of regional economies.（二）大力推進改革開放，注重制度建設和創新

2.Working hard on reform and opening up, concentrating on institutional development and innovation.全面深化農村改革。以鄉鎮機構、農村義務教育和縣鄉財政管理體制改革為主要內容的農村綜合改革，取得階段性重要成果。放開糧食收購市場，實現了糧食購銷市場化。集體林權制度改革進行了成功探索。供銷合作社、國有農場等改革進展順利。

Rural reforms were deepened across the board.Major progress was made in the current stage of the overall rural reform, mainly consisting of reform of town and township government bodies, reform of the rural compulsory education system and reform of the fiscal systems at the county and township levels.Government control of grain purchasing was lifted, and the purchase and sale of grain are now market based.Successful trials were carried out in reforming the system of collective forest rights.Smooth progress was made in the reform of supply and marketing cooperatives and state-owned farms.堅持完善基本經濟制度。鞏固和發展公有制經濟，推進國有資產管理體制改革和國有經濟布局與結構調整，建立和完善國有資產出資人制度。加快國有企業股份制改革，一批具有國際競爭力的大公司大企業集團發展壯大。郵政體制改革順利進行，電力、電信、民航、鐵路等行業改革取得積極進展。

Continued progress was made in improving the basic economic system.We consolidated and developed the public sector of the economy, made progress in reform of the management system for state-owned assets and adjustment of the distribution and structure of the state sector of the economy, and set up and improved a system for investors of state assets.We accelerated the reform to institute a stockholding system in SOEs, and a number of large companies and conglomerates with the ability to compete internationally were formed.Reform of the postal service system proceeded smoothly, and encouraging progress was made in reforming the power, telecommunications, civil aviation and railway industries.2006年，全國國有企業資產總額比2002年增長60.98%，實現利潤增長2.23倍，稅收增長1.05倍。國有經濟活力、控制力和影響力明顯增強。制定和實施一系列政策措施，進一步營造公平競爭的法制環境和市場環境，鼓勵、支持和引導個體私營等非公有制經濟發 8 / 57 2008年中華人民共和國政府工作報告(中英文)

展。非公有制經濟在促進經濟增長、擴大就業、增加稅收和活躍市場等方面，發揮著越來越大的作用。

The total value of assets of Chinese SOEs in 2006 grew by 60.98% compared to 2002, their total profits increased by 223%, and their tax contributions grew by 105%.The vitality of the state sector and its impact and influence on the economy as a whole were greatly enhanced.We formulated and implemented a series of policies and measures to foster a legal framework and market environment conducive to fair competition, and encouraged, supported and guided the development of the nonpublic sector, which includes individual-proprietorship businesses and private enterprises.As a result, the nonpublic sector of the economy is playing an increasingly bigger role in stimulating economic growth, creating jobs, increasing tax revenue, and invigorating the market.大力推進金融、財稅體制改革。針對國有商業銀行經營管理不善、金融風險加劇的狀況，我們果斷地推進了改革。中國工商銀行、中國銀行、中國建設銀行和交通銀行完成股份制改造并成功上市，資產質量和盈利能力明顯提高，銀行業發生了重大變化。堅定地進行上市公司股權分置改革，解決了這個長期困擾證券市場發展的制度性問題。重點國有保險企業重組改制上市，促進了保險業迅速發展。利率市場化改革邁出實質性步伐。實施人民幣匯率形成機制改革，匯率彈性逐步增強。

We vigorously promoted reform of the banking, fiscal and taxation systems.We resolutely carried out reform addressing the poor performance and greater financial risks of state-owned commercial banks.The Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, the Bank of China, the China Construction Bank and the Bank of Communications were turned into stockholding companies and listed on stock markets.This brought about significant improvement in the quality of their assets and profitability as well as major changes in the banking industry.We resolutely carried out reform of the shareholder structure in listed companies and resolved this longstanding institutional problem that hindered the development of the securities market.Key state-owned insurance firms were reorganized and went public, promoting rapid development of the insurance industry.Substantive progress was made in making interest rates more market-based.We reformed the RMB exchange rate regime to gradually make the exchange rate more flexible.外匯管理體制改革全面推進。財稅體制改革進一步深化，財政轉移支付制度和公共財政制度逐步完善。2003年到2007年，中央財政對地方的轉移支付累計4.25萬億元，87%用于支持中西部地區。在部分企業試行國有資本經營預算制度。啟動和擴大增值稅轉型改革試點。統一內外資企業所得稅制度。建立國家統一的職務與級別相結合的公務員工資制度，初步規范了津貼補貼制度。投資體制改革和價格改革取得新進展。

Comprehensive progress was made in reform of the system for managing foreign exchange.Reform of the fiscal and taxation systems was deepened, and the system of transfer payments and the system of public finance were steadily improved.The central government turned over 4.25 trillion yuan in transfer payments to local governments from 2003 to 2007, with 87% of it allocated to the central and western regions.A budget system for managing state capital was introduced in some enterprises on a trial basis.We launched and expanded trials to reform the value-added tax.The income tax systems for domestic and 9 / 57 2008年中華人民共和國政府工作報告(中英文)

overseas-funded enterprises were unified.A unified state civil servant salary system based on both position and rank was set up, and the system of subsidies and allowances was basically standardized.Further progress was made in reform of the investment system and pricing system.加強市場體系建設。生產要素市場化程度穩步提高。商品流通現代化步伐加快。土地和礦產資源市場秩序、產品質量和食品藥品安全等專項整治取得明顯成效，保護知識產權力度加大，嚴厲打擊了制假售假、非法傳銷、商業欺詐、盜版侵權等違法犯罪活動。

Work to develop the market system was intensified.Market forces played an increasingly important role in trade in the factors of production.The modernization of commodity distribution was accelerated.Significant achievements were made in the effort to rectify order in the markets for land and mineral resources and improve the quality of products and the safety of food and drugs.Protection of intellectual property rights was strengthened, and we severely cracked down on violations of the law such as the production and sale of counterfeit goods, pyramid schemes, commercial fraud, piracy and infringement on others' rights.堅持擴大對外開放。我們認真履行加入世界貿易組織各項承諾，積極做好過渡期各項工作。深化涉外經濟體制改革，促進貿易投資便利化。放開外貿經營權，大幅度降低關稅，取消進口配額、許可證等非關稅措施，金融、商業、電信等服務業開放不斷擴大。進出口商品結構逐步優化。利用外資質量進一步提高。實施“走出去”戰略邁出堅實步伐，對外經濟互利合作取得明顯成效。

We continued to open China wider to the outside world.We honored all the commitments we made when we entered the World Trade Organization and made all the required adjustments for the transition period.We deepened reform of the externally oriented economic system to facilitate trade and investment.We lifted controls over access to foreign trade, greatly lowered tariffs, rescinded non-tariff measures such as import quotas and permits, and opened banking, commerce, telecommunications and other service sectors wider.There was gradual improvement in the mix of imports and exports.There was further improvement in the utilization of foreign capital.The “go global” strategy was resolutely implemented and significant results were obtained in mutually beneficial economic cooperation with other countries.（三）全面加強社會建設，切實保障和改善民生

3.Strengthening all aspects of social development, ensuring the wellbeing of the people and improving their lives.我們堅持統籌經濟社會發展，加快教育、衛生、文化、體育等社會事業發展和改革，積極解決涉及人民群眾切身利益的問題。

We steadfastly carried out overall planning for economic and social development, accelerated the development and reform of social programs in education, health, culture and sports and worked hard to resolve problems affecting the vital interests of the people.在教育方面。全國財政用于教育支出五年累計2.43萬億元，比前五年增長1.26倍。農村義務教育已全面納入財政保障范圍，對全國農村義務教育階段學生全部免除學雜費、全部免費提供教科書，對家庭經濟困難寄宿生提供生活補助，使1.5億學生和780萬名家庭 10 / 57 2008年中華人民共和國政府工作報告(中英文)

經濟困難寄宿生受益。西部地區基本普及九年義務教育、基本掃除青壯年文盲攻堅計劃如期完成。國家安排專項資金支持2.2萬多所農村中小學改造危房、建設7000多所寄宿制學校，遠程教育已覆蓋36萬所農村中小學，更多的農村學生享受到優質教育資源。

Education.Public expenditures on education in China reached 2.43 trillion yuan over the five-year period, a 126% increase compared to the previous five-year period.Funding for rural compulsory education is now fully provided by the government budget.All the 150 million students receiving compulsory education in rural areas are exempt from paying tuition and miscellaneous fees and are supplied with free textbooks, and living allowances are provided to the 7.8 million students from poor families who stay in school dormitories.The plan to make nine-year compulsory education basically universal and to basically eliminate illiteracy among young and middle-aged adults in the western region was implemented on schedule.The state allocated special funds to support the renovation of dilapidated buildings at more than 22,000 rural primary and secondary schools and the building of more than 7,000 schools with student dormitory facilities.Distance education now covers 360,000 rural primary and middle schools, making quality education available to more rural students.更加重視職業教育發展，2007年中、高等職業教育在校生分別達到2000萬人和861萬人。普通高等教育本科生和研究生規模達到1144萬人。高校重點學科建設繼續加強。建立健全普通本科高校、高等和中等職業學校國家獎學金助學金制度，中央財政此項支出從2006年20.5億元增加到去年的98億元，高校資助面超過20%，中等職業學校資助面超過90%，資助標準大幅度提高。2007年開始在教育部直屬師范大學實施師范生免費教育試點。我們在實現教育公平上邁出了重大步伐。

Greater efforts were made to develop vocational education, with the student population reaching 20 million at secondary vocational schools and 8.61 million at vocational colleges in 2007.A total of 11.44 million students were enrolled in undergraduate and graduate programs in regular institutions of higher learning.More effort was put into developing key disciplines in institutions of higher learning.A system of government scholarships and financial aid to students in regular undergraduate institutions, vocational colleges and secondary vocational schools was instituted and improved, and its funding from the central government budget was increased from 2.05 billion yuan in 2006 to 9.8 billion yuan in 2007.This enabled over 20% of the students in institutions of higher learning and more than 90% of the students in secondary vocational schools to benefit from financial aid and allowed schools to greatly raise the amount of aid offered.An experiment to provide free education to education students at normal universities directly under the Ministry of Education was launched in 2007.Major progress was made in providing equitable education opportunities for all.深入實施人才強國戰略，大力培養、積極引進和合理使用各類人才，高層次、高技能人才隊伍不斷壯大。

The strategy of reinvigorating China through development of human resources was extensively applied.Great efforts were made to train Chinese personnel, bring in needed personnel from other countries and make wise use of skilled personnel of all types, thus strengthening the ranks of high-caliber, highly 11 / 57 2008年中華人民共和國政府工作報告(中英文)

skilled personnel in China.在衛生方面。全國財政用于醫療衛生支出五年累計6294億元，比前五年增長1.27倍。重點加強公共衛生、醫療服務和醫療保障體系建設，覆蓋城鄉、功能比較齊全的疾病預防控制和應急醫療救治體系基本建成。國家規劃免疫預防的疾病由7種擴大到15種，對艾滋病、結核病、血吸蟲病等重大傳染病患者實施免費救治。

Health.Total government expenditures on medical and health care in China over the five-year period reached 629.4 billion yuan, a 127% increase compared to the previous five-year period.The funding was mainly used to develop the public health service system, the medical service system and the medical security system, and basically complete the formation of the disease prevention and control system and emergency medical response system with a fairly comprehensive range of functions, covering both urban and rural areas.The number of diseases covered by the state plan for immunization and disease prevention was increased from 7 to 15, and AIDS, tuberculosis, schistosomiasis and other major communicable diseases are now treated free of charge.國家安排資金改造和新建1.88萬所鄉鎮衛生院、786所縣醫院、285所縣中醫院和534所縣婦幼保健院，為1.17萬個鄉鎮衛生院配備了醫療設備，農村醫療衛生條件明顯改善。全國建立了2.4萬多個社區衛生服務機構，新型城市醫療衛生服務體系進一步健全。人口和計劃生育事業取得新進展，低生育水平繼續保持穩定。人民健康水平不斷提高，嬰兒死亡率和孕產婦死亡率明顯下降，2005年人均期望壽命達到73歲，對于我們這樣一個有13億人口的發展中國家是了不起的成就。

The state allocated funds to renovate or build 18,800 town and township health clinics, 786 county hospitals, 285 county traditional Chinese medicine hospitals and 534 county health centers for women and children, and equip 11,700 town and township health clinics with medical equipment, significantly improving conditions for providing medical and health care services in the countryside.More than 24,000 community health clinics were set up in China, further improving the new system of medical and health care services in urban areas.Further progress was made in carrying out population and family planning programs, and the birthrate remained stable at a low level.People's health continued to improve, infant and maternal mortality rates dropped significantly, and average life expectancy reached 73 years in 2005.These are momentous achievements for China, a developing country with a population of 1.3 billion.在就業方面。堅持實施和完善積極的就業政策，從財稅、金融等方面加大支持力度，中央財政安排就業補助資金五年累計666億元。城鄉公共就業服務體系建設進一步加強。

Employment.The government continued to follow and improve the policy that strongly promotes employment and to adopt fiscal, taxation and financial measures to increase employment.Expenditures for employment programs from the central government budget in the form of subsidies totaled 66.6 billion yuan over the five-year period.Urban and rural systems for providing public employment services were further strengthened.統籌做好就業再就業工作，全面加強職業技能培訓，平均每年城鎮新增就業1000多萬人、農村勞動力轉移就業800萬人。基本解決國有企業下崗職工再就業問題，完成下崗職工基本生活保障向失業保險并軌。在勞動力總量增加較多、就業壓力很大的情況下，保持了 12 / 57 2008年中華人民共和國政府工作報告(中英文)

就業形勢的基本穩定。

Efforts were intensified to increase employment and reemployment in a well-planned way, and training in vocational skills was comprehensively strengthened.As a result, more than ten million urban people got jobs and eight million rural workers found work in nonagricultural sectors per year on average.The problem of finding other employment opportunities for workers laid off from SOEs was basically solved, and the work of incorporating basic cost of living allowances for laid-off workers into the unemployment insurance system was completed.The employment situation remained basically stable despite a large increase in the total workforce and great pressure on employment.在社會保障方面。全國財政用于社會保障支出五年累計1.95萬億元，比前五年增長1.41倍。城鎮職工基本養老保險制度不斷完善，2007年參保人數突破2億人，比2002年增加5400多萬人；做實基本養老保險個人賬戶試點擴大到11個省份；

Social safety net.Governments at all levels spent a total of 1.95 trillion yuan on building up the social safety net over the five-year period, a 141% increase compared to the previous five-year period.Continued improvement was made in the basic old-age insurance system for urban workers, with the number of participating workers exceeding 200 million in 2007, an increase of more than 54 million compared to 2002.Trials to fully fund personal accounts for basic old-age insurance were expanded to 11 province-level administrative units.從2005年開始連續三年提高企業退休人員基本養老金標準。中央財政五年累計補助養老保險專項資金3295億元。2007年城鎮職工基本醫療保險參保人數達到1.8億人，比2002年增加近1倍；88個城市啟動城鎮居民基本醫療保險試點；新型農村合作醫療制度不斷完善，已擴大到全國86%的縣，參合農民達到7.3億人。全國社會保障基金積累4140億元，比2002年增加2898億元。

Basic pensions for enterprise retirees were raised three years in a row beginning in 2005.A total of 329.5 billion yuan was allocated for old-age insurance programs from the central government budget in the form of subsidies over the last five years.The number of urban workers participating in basic medical insurance reached 180 million in 2007, nearly twice the number in 2002.The trial of basic medical insurance for urban residents was launched in 88 cities.Continued improvement was made in the new system of rural cooperative medical care, which now covers 86% of all counties and 730 million rural residents in China.Funds to support the national social safety net totaled 414 billion yuan, an increase of 289.8 billion yuan over 2002.城鄉社會救助體系基本建立。城市居民最低生活保障制度不斷完善，保障標準和補助水平逐步提高。2007年在全國農村全面建立最低生活保障制度，3451.9萬農村居民納入保障范圍。這是保障城鄉困難群眾基本生活的一項根本性制度建設。社會福利、優撫安置、慈善和殘疾人事業取得新進展。抗災救災工作全面加強，中央財政五年支出551億元，受災群眾生產生活得到妥善安排。

Establishment of the urban and rural emergency aid system was basically completed.The system of basic cost of living allowances for urban residents was improved, with gradually rising standards and allowances.A system of basic cost of living allowances was established in all rural areas of China in 2007, covering 13 / 57 2008年中華人民共和國政府工作報告(中英文)

34.519 million rural residents.The systems provide a fundamental institution to assist poor people in urban and rural areas to meet basic living expenses.Further progress was made in developing social welfare, providing special assistance to entitled groups and developing charity programs and programs to help people with physical and mental disabilities.Efforts to combat disasters and provide disaster relief were greatly strengthened, with total expenditures from the central government budget reaching 55.1 billion yuan for the five-year period.This helped restore normal working and living conditions for disaster victims.在文化和體育方面。全國財政用于文化體育事業支出五年累計3104億元，比前五年增長1.3倍。縣鄉兩級公共文化服務體系初步形成，基本實現了縣縣有圖書館、文化館。全國文化信息資源共享工程、廣播電視村村通工程等基層文化設施建設扎實推進。哲學社會科學和新聞出版、廣播影視、文學藝術進一步繁榮。文物和非物質文化遺產保護得到加強。對外文化交流更加活躍。城鄉公共體育設施建設加快，群眾性體育蓬勃發展，體育健兒在國際大賽中取得優異成績。

Culture and sports.Government expenditures for culture and sports programs totaled 310.4 billion yuan for the five-year period, a 130% increase over the previous five-year period.The basic elements of a public cultural services system at the county and township levels were put in place, and basically every county now has a library and cultural center.Substantive progress was made in setting up local cultural facilities such as the projects to set up a national shared databank of cultural information and resources and extend radio and television coverage to all villages.Philosophy, the social sciences, the press and publishing, radio, film and television, literature and art thrived.Protection of cultural relics and intangible cultural heritage was strengthened.Cultural exchanges with other countries were intensified.Development of public sports facilities in urban and rural areas was accelerated, mass sports activities developed vigorously, and Chinese athletes did well in international competitions.在居民收入和消費方面。努力增加城鄉居民特別是低收入居民收入。調高最低工資標準；基本解決拖欠農民工工資問題；四次提高重點優撫對象的撫恤補助標準，統籌解決退役軍人實際困難。降低居民儲蓄存款利息稅率，提高個人所得稅起征點。家庭財產普遍增多。居民消費結構升級加快，家用汽車大幅度增加，移動電話、計算機、互聯網快速普及，旅游人數成倍增長。住房條件進一步改善，棚戶區改造取得積極進展。城鄉居民享有的公共服務明顯增多。

Personal income and consumer spending Vigorous efforts were made to increase the incomes of urban and rural residents, especially low-income persons.The minimum wage was increased.The problem of arrears in the wages of rural migrant workers in urban areas was basically resolved.The standards for financial aid to key entitled groups were increased four times, and plans were implemented to resolve the practical problems of demobilized military personnel.The tax on interest earnings from individual savings deposits was lowered and the earnings threshold for the individual income tax was raised.There was a general increase in family assets.Upgrading of consumer spending proceeded at a faster pace, and there was a great increase in the number of family-owned cars and rapid spread in the use of cell phones, computers and Internet services.The 14 / 57 2008年中華人民共和國政府工作報告(中英文)

number of people going on vacations increased several fold.There was further improvement in housing conditions, encouraging progress was made in improving conditions in shantytowns, and much more public services were made available to urban and rural residents.在社會管理方面。著力維護人民群眾合法權益，積極化解社會矛盾。制定并實施保障農民工合法權益的政策措施。努力解決土地征收征用、房屋拆遷、企業改制、環境保護等方面損害群眾利益的問題。信訪工作不斷加強。高度重視安全生產工作，健全安全監管體制，落實安全生產責任制，加強安全生產法制建設。社會治安防控體系更加健全，綜合治理工作進一步加強。依法打擊各類犯罪活動，有效維護了國家安全和社會穩定。

Public administration。

Work in this area was concentrated on protecting the legitimate rights and interests of the people and resolving social tensions.We formulated and implemented policies and measures for protecting the legitimate rights and interests of rural migrant workers in urban areas.We devoted a great deal of effort to resolving infringements on the interests of the public related to land expropriation and requisition, housing demolition, enterprises converting to a stockholding system and environmental protection.Improvement was made in the handling of complaints made by individuals through letters and visits.We paid very close attention to improving workplace safety and the safety oversight system, instituted a responsibility system for workplace safety and improved related legislation.The public security system for crime prevention and control was further strengthened, and overall crime control work was intensified.We combated criminal activities in accordance with the law, effectively protected China's security and maintained law and order.在經濟快速發展和財力明顯增加的情況下，用很大力量解決了一些長期遺留的歷史問題。剝離和處置國有商業銀行不良資產，置換農村信用社不良貸款和歷年虧損掛賬，化解國有企業歷史債務，逐步解決國有糧食企業政策性虧損掛賬，還清出口退稅欠款，完善大中型水庫征地補償和移民后期扶持政策等。這些問題的解決對于經濟社會發展起到了重要作用。

Taking advantage of the rapid development of the economy and significant improvement of public finance, we worked hard to resolve some longstanding problems.We sold off nonperforming assets of state-owned commercial banks, made alternate arrangements for nonperforming loans and long-term non-paying accounts of rural credit cooperatives, eased the long-term debts of SOEs, gradually eased policy-related losses of state-owned grain enterprises, cleared up overdue tax rebates for exports, and improved the policy for paying compensation for requisition of land for large and medium-sized reservoirs and assisting people displaced by reservoir projects.Resolution of these problems played an important role in promoting economic and social development.五年來，我們在民主法制建設、國防和軍隊建設、港澳臺工作和外交等方面，也取得了重要進展。

We made major progress over the past five years in enhancing democracy and the legal system, building national defense and the military, doing our work related to Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, and conducting diplomacy.穩步推進社會主義民主法制建設。各級政府自覺接受同級人民代表大會及其常委會的監督，主動接受人民政協的民主監督，認真聽取民主黨派、工商聯、無黨派人士、人民團體意 15 / 57 2008年中華人民共和國政府工作報告(中英文)

見，通過多種形式征求專家學者和人民群眾的建議，接受新聞媒體和社會各界的監督。實行重大事項決策公示和聽證制度。加強城鄉基層自治組織建設，基層民主管理制度進一步健全。五年國務院共向全國人大常委會提交39件法律議案，制定、修訂137件行政法規。探索建立公眾有序參與政府立法的機制和制度，有15部法律草案和行政法規草案向社會公開征求意見。全面清理了現行行政法規和規章。貫徹民族區域自治法，推進民族團結進步事業。全面落實宗教信仰自由政策，宗教事務管理走向法制化、規范化。全面落實僑務政策，依法保護海外僑胞和歸僑僑眷的合法權益。

We made steady progress in improving socialist democracy and the socialist legal system.Governments at all levels conscientiously accepted the oversight of the people's congress and its standing committee at the corresponding level;voluntarily accepted the democratic oversight by CPPCC committees;carefully listened to the views of the democratic parties, federations of industry and commerce, persons without party affiliation and people's organizations;solicited suggestions of experts, scholars and the general public in a variety of forms;and accepted the oversight of the media and all sectors of society.Governments at all levels made public announcements and held public hearings before making major decisions.We stepped up efforts to develop autonomy in urban community and village administrative bodies and further improved the democratic system at the local level.During the past five years the State Council submitted 39 bills to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress and formulated or revised 137 administrative regulations.We explored ways to set up mechanisms and systems for orderly public participation in government legislation and published 15 draft laws and drafts of administrative regulations to solicit comments from the public.We carried out a thorough review of current administrative rules and regulations.We adhered to the Law on Regional Ethnic Autonomy and carried forward the programs to promote unity and progress among ethnic groups.The policy on freedom of religious belief was comprehensively implemented, and the administration of religious affairs was put on a more solid legal footing and further standardized.We comprehensively implemented the policy on matters related to overseas Chinese nationals and protected the legitimate rights and interests of overseas Chinese nationals, returned overseas Chinese nationals and their relatives.全面加強軍隊現代化建設。積極推進中國特色軍事變革。調整改革軍隊體制編制和政策制度，裁減軍隊員額20萬任務順利完成。國防和軍隊建設取得歷史性成就。人民解放軍和人民武裝警察部隊為維護國家主權、安全、領土完整和促進社會和諧穩定作出了重大貢獻。

We stepped up all efforts to modernize the military.We vigorously pressed ahead with the revolution in military affairs with Chinese characteristics.We adjusted and reformed the military's structure and staffing and its related policies and systems and smoothly cut its size by 200,000 personnel.We made historic achievements in strengthening national defense and the military.The People's Liberation Army and the People's Armed Police Force made major contributions to safeguarding China's sovereignty, security and territorial integrity and to promoting social harmony and stability.堅持“一國兩制”方針，嚴格按照香港特別行政區基本法和澳門特別行政區基本法辦 16 / 57 2008年中華人民共和國政府工作報告(中英文)

事。實施內地與香港、澳門更緊密經貿關系安排。香港、澳門保持繁榮穩定。

We adhered to the principle of “one country, two systems” and acted in strict accordance with the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and the Basic Law of the Macao Special Administrative Region.We implemented the Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement between the mainland and the regions of Hong Kong and Macao.Both regions remained thriving and stable.堅決反對和遏制“臺獨”分裂活動，捍衛國家主權與領土完整，維護臺海和平。實施一系列有利于人員往來和經濟科技教育文化體育交流的措施，促進了兩岸關系和平穩定發展。

We resolutely opposed and foiled secessionist activities aimed at Taiwan independence, thereby protecting China's sovereignty and territorial integrity and safeguarding peace in the Taiwan Straits.We carried out a number of measures to make it easier for people to visit between the two sides and for economic, scientific, educational, cultural and sports exchanges to take place in order to promote the peaceful and steady development of cross-Straits relations.積極開展對外交往與合作，全方位外交取得重大進展，堅定地維護和發展了國家利益。我國同主要大國加強了對話，增進了信任，擴大了合作。中美關系穩定發展，中俄戰略協作伙伴關系提高到新水平，中歐全面合作日益深化，中日關系得到改善，同周邊國家睦鄰友好關系進一步加強，區域合作取得新成果，同發展中國家的團結合作開創了新局面。成功舉辦一系列重大多邊外交活動。妥善應對國際上各種新挑戰，積極負責地參與解決全球性問題，在解決國際和地區熱點問題上發揮著重要的建設性作用。

We actively promoted exchange and cooperation with other countries, made major progress in conducting diplomacy on all fronts, and resolutely safeguarded and developed China's interests.China stepped up dialogue with the major countries and increased trust and expanded cooperation with them.China-U.S.relations developed steadily, the China-Russia partnership of strategic coordination reached a new height, China-Europe cooperation in all areas went from strength to strength, and China-Japan relations improved.Good-neighborly relations with surrounding countries were further strengthened, further achievements were made in regional cooperation, and China's solidarity and cooperation with other developing countries entered a new stage.We successfully carried out a series of major multilateral diplomatic activities.We appropriately responded to new challenges in the international arena, actively and responsibly participated in efforts to resolve global issues, and played an important and constructive role in the resolution of issues concerning international and regional hotspots.五年來，我們始終重視政府自身改革和建設。本屆政府把實行科學民主決策、推進依法行政、加強行政監督作為政府工作的三項基本準則。制定全面推進依法行政實施綱要，推動政府職能轉變和管理創新，強化社會管理和公共服務。認真貫徹實施行政許可法，推進行政審批制度改革，國務院各部門取消和調整行政審批項目692項。推進政務公開，完善新聞發布制度，加強電子政務建設。全國應急管理體系基本建立。監察、審計等專門監督工作卓有成效。公務員教育培訓和管理法制化建設進一步加強。堅持不懈地開展反腐敗斗爭和加強政風建設，治理商業賄賂工作取得良好成效，依法查處違法違規案件和失職瀆職行為，懲處腐敗分子。

We paid close attention to self-reform and self-improvement of the 17 / 57 2008年中華人民共和國政府工作報告(中英文)

government during the five-year period.This government took scientific and democratic policy-making, law-based administration and better administrative oversight as the three basic principles for its work.We formulated the Program for Advancing All Aspects of Government Administration in Accordance with the Law and promoted change in the way the government functions and innovations in management, thereby improving public administration and public services.We diligently carried out the Administrative Permit Law and promoted reform of the system of administrative examination and approval.As a result, departments of the State Council eliminated or streamlined a total of 692 items requiring examination and approval.We promoted greater openness in government affairs, improved the system for releasing information, and increased the application of e-government.Establishment of a national emergency response management system was basically completed.Oversight work such as supervision and auditing was quite effective.Further improvement was made in education and training of civil servants and in developing a legislative framework for civil-service administration.We worked unceasingly to combat corruption and improve the conduct of the government, made good progress in combating bribery in business, uncovered a number of violations of laws and regulations and cases of neglect and dereliction of duty, and punished corrupt persons.過去五年，我們在豐富實踐中積累了許多寶貴經驗，主要體會是：

We learned many valuable lessons in our experiences over the last five years.The main ones are as follows.第一，必須堅持解放思想。解放思想、實事求是是我們黨的思想路線。只有堅持一切從實際出發，破除迷信，敢于沖破不合時宜的觀念束縛，尊重群眾首創精神，大膽探索、實踐和創造，與時俱進，才能使社會主義現代化事業充滿生機和活力。

First, we must continue to liberate our thinking.Liberating our thinking and following a realistic and pragmatic approach is the Party's ideological line.We must proceed from reality in everything we do, eliminate superstition, break the shackles of outdated ideas, respect the people's pioneering spirit, boldly explore new ways, take concrete action, be creative, and keep up with the times to ensure that the cause of socialist modernization retains its great vitality.第二，必須堅持落實科學發展觀。科學發展觀是發展中國特色社會主義的重大戰略思想，是我國經濟社會發展的重要指導方針。我們要堅持把發展作為第一要務，著力轉變經濟發展方式，調整經濟結構，提高經濟增長質量和效益；堅持以人為本，注重統籌兼顧，推動全面協調可持續發展。只有深入貫徹落實科學發展觀，才能實現經濟社會又好又快發展，促進社會和諧。

Second, we must steadfastly apply the Scientific Outlook on Development.This is a major strategic concept for developing socialism with Chinese characteristics and an important guiding principle for China's economic and social development.We must continue to take development as the top priority, concentrate on changing the way the economy develops, and adjust the economic structure to improve the quality and efficiency of economic growth.We must always put people first, attach great importance to overall planning, and promote comprehensive, balanced and sustainable development.Only by thoroughly 18 / 57 2008年中華人民共和國政府工作報告(中英文)

applying the Scientific Outlook on Development can we achieve sound and rapid economic and social development and promote social harmony.第三，必須堅持改革開放。改革開放是決定當代中國命運重大而關鍵的抉擇。我們要堅定不移地推進經濟體制改革、政治體制改革，發展社會主義民主政治，完善社會主義市場經濟體制，解放和發展生產力，促進社會公平正義，實現人的全面發展。開放也是改革，開放兼容才能強國。改革開放貫穿于社會主義現代化建設的整個過程，任何時候都不能動搖。

Third, we must adhere to the reform and opening up policy.Reform and opening up is a major and crucial choice that is shaping the destiny of contemporary China.We need to unswervingly promote reform in economic and political institutions, develop socialist democracy, improve the socialist market economy, liberate and develop the productive forces, promote social fairness and justice, and achieve all-round personal development.Opening up is also a kind of reform, and a nation cannot become strong if it is not open and inclusive.We must continue to pursue reform and opening up throughout the course of socialist modernization and never deviate from this policy.第四，必須堅持搞好宏觀調控。宏觀調控與市場機制都是社會主義市場經濟體制的組成部分。我們要更大程度地發揮市場在資源配置中的基礎性作用，增強企業活力和競爭力。同時，要加強和改善宏觀調控，堅持主要運用經濟手段、法律手段，發揮各種政策的組合效應；堅持區別對待、有保有壓，不搞一刀切，不搞急剎車；堅持不斷總結經驗，及時調整政策，注重實際效果。只有把市場機制和宏觀調控有機結合起來，才能保證整個經濟充滿活力、富有效率、持續健康協調發展。

Fourth, we must continue to exercise effective macroeconomic regulation.Both macroeconomic regulation and market forces are components of the socialist market economy.We need to make better use of the basic role of market forces in allocating resources, revitalize enterprises and improve their competitive edge.At the same time, we need to improve macroeconomic regulation, continue to carry out macroeconomic regulation mainly through economic and legal means, and get the complete range of government policies to fully play their role.We must continue to deal with each situation on its own merits, encourage growth in some sectors and discourage it in others as the situation requires, and refrain from taking a uniform approach to different situations or putting on the brakes without good reason.We must continue to draw lessons from our experiences, make policy adjustments as needed and be result-oriented.We must integrate the use of market forces with macroeconomic regulation in order to ensure that the economy remains vigorous, performs well, and develops in a sustainable, healthy and balanced way.第五，必須堅持執政為民。政府的一切權力都是人民賦予的，執政為民是各級政府的崇高使命。我們要牢記全心全意為人民服務的宗旨，把實現好、維護好、發展好最廣大人民的根本利益，作為政府工作的出發點和落腳點。更加注重保障和改善民生，特別要關心和解決城鄉低收入群眾的生活困難，使全體人民共享改革發展成果。只有堅持一切屬于人民，一切為了人民，一切依靠人民，一切歸功于人民，我們的各項事業才能獲得最廣泛最可靠的群眾基礎和力量源泉。

Fifth, we must continue to run the government for the people.All the power of the government comes from the people, and running the government for 19 / 57 2008年中華人民共和國政府工作報告(中英文)

them is a lofty mission of governments at all levels.We must never forget that serving the people wholeheartedly is our purpose, and make sure that the aim and outcome of the work of the government is to fulfill, safeguard and develop the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of people.We need to attach greater importance to ensuring the well-being of the people and improving their lives, in particular showing concern for urban and rural residents with low incomes and helping them make ends meet in their daily lives, in order to ensure that all of the people share in the fruits of reform and development.We must always keep in mind that everything belongs to the people, do everything for their benefit, rely on them in everything we do and attribute all our successes to their efforts.Only by doing so can we enjoy the broadest and most reliable support from the people and draw from them the strength for ensuring success in all our endeavors.第六，必須堅持依法行政。遵守憲法和法律是政府一切工作的根本原則。我們要嚴格按照法定權限和程序行使權力、履行職責，加強政府立法，規范行政執法，完善行政監督，建設法治政府，不斷提高依法行政能力。只有全面推行依法行政，努力做到有權必有責、用權受監督、侵權要賠償、違法要追究，讓權力在陽光下運行，才能保證人民賦予的權力始終用來為人民謀利益。

Sixth, we must continue to run the government in accordance with the law.Abiding by the Constitution and laws is a fundamental principle for all the work of the government.We need to exercise our power and perform our functions and responsibilities within the jurisdiction stipulated by law and in accordance with legal procedures, improve government legislative work, standardize administrative law enforcement, improve administrative oversight, develop law-based government and enhance our ability to carry out administrative functions in accordance with the law.We must ensure that government administration fully complies with the law, that power comes with responsibility, that there is proper oversight on the exercise of power, that reparation is paid for infringement of rights, that any violation of the law is prosecuted, and that power is exercised in a transparent manner.This is the only way to ensure that the power entrusted to us by the people is always exercised in their interests.我們也清醒地認識到，經濟社會發展和政府工作中還存在不少問題，國內外形勢發展變化使我們面臨諸多新的挑戰和風險。

We are also clearly aware that there are still many problems affecting China's economic and social development and the work of the government, and that changes in the domestic and international environment present many new challenges and risks.——經濟運行中一些突出問題和深層次矛盾依然存在。近年來固定資產投資增長過快，貨幣信貸投放過多，國際收支不平衡。長期形成的結構性矛盾和增長方式粗放問題仍然突出。投資與消費關系不協調，投資率持續偏高；一二三產業發展不協調，工業特別是重工業比重偏大，服務業比重偏低；自主創新能力不強，經濟增長的資源環境代價過大。

More work needs to be done to resolve problems affecting the vital interests of the people.The current price hikes and increasing inflationary pressures are the biggest concern of the people.Last year's consumer price index(CPI)rose by 4.8% year-on-year, mainly due to large increases in the cost of food and housing.There are a variety of factors behind the price increases.Though the domestic prices of farm products have remained low for many years and some of the recent price increases were therefore overdue and somewhat reasonable, price increases nevertheless have a great impact on people's lives, especially on the lives of the low-income sector of the population.The prices of primary commodities on the international market have risen considerably in recent years, which directly puts upward pressure on domestic prices.由于推動價格上漲的因素還將存在，今年價格上漲的壓力仍然較大。同時，生產資料價格不斷上升，房地產等資產價格上漲過快，防止通貨膨脹的任務相當艱巨。勞動就業、社會保障、教育、醫療衛生、收入分配、住房、產品質量安全、安全生產、社會治安等方面，還有不少問題需要認真加以解決。

Because factors driving prices up are still at work, upward pressure on prices will remain great this year.In addition, prices of the means of production have continued to rise and real estate prices have risen steeply, making the task of holding down inflation difficult.There are still quite a few problems in employment, the social safety net, education, medical and health care, income distribution, housing, product quality and safety, workplace safety and public security, and we need to work harder to resolve them.——國際經濟環境變化不確定因素和潛在風險增加。隨著經濟全球化深入發展，我國經 21 / 57 2008年中華人民共和國政府工作報告(中英文)

濟與世界經濟聯系越來越密切。當前全球經濟失衡加劇、增速放緩，國際競爭更加激烈；美國次級抵押貸款危機影響蔓延，美元持續貶值，國際金融市場風險增大；國際市場糧食價格上漲，石油等初級產品價格高位運行；貿易保護主義加劇，貿易摩擦增多。

The government's self-improvement efforts and administration need to be strengthened.We are keenly aware that the work and accomplishments of the government still fall somewhat short of what circumstances require and the people expect.The functions of government have not been completely transformed, and public administration and public services are still weak.Some government departments have overlapping responsibilities, their powers and responsibilities are not well matched, some try to shirk their responsibilities, and their performance is poor.Some government employees have an inadequate sense of responsibility toward the public and are not competent enough.Oversight mechanisms and checks on government authority are not strong enough.The problems of formalism and bureaucratic behavior are fairly common, and fraud, extravagance and waste, and corruption are quite serious.我們一定要始終保持清醒頭腦，增強憂患意識，以對國家、對人民高度負責的使命感和緊迫感，更加兢兢業業、扎扎實實地做好政府各項工作。

We must remain clear-headed at all times, be more mindful of potential danger, be highly responsible to the country and the people, maintain a high sense of mission and urgency, work even more industriously, and successfully carry out all of the government's work.各位代表！

/ 57 2008年中華人民共和國政府工作報告(中英文)

Fellow Deputies, 過去五年的成就和進步，來之不易。這是在改革開放多年來奠定的基礎上取得的，是以胡錦濤同志為總書記的黨中央駕馭全局、正確領導的結果，是全國各族人民奮發進取、共同努力的結果，也是與廣大海外僑胞、國際友人的支持和幫助分不開的。

The achievements of the past five years have not come easily.They were built on a foundation laid through many years of reform and opening up, and are attributable to the correct leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Hu Jintao as General Secretary, which has effectively managed the overall situation.Credit also goes to the hard work and concerted effort of the people of all the ethnic groups in China, and to the support and assistance of overseas Chinese nationals and foreign friends.在戰勝種種嚴重困難和挑戰、完成各項重大任務中，充分表現了中國人民不畏艱險、一往無前的決心、勇氣和意志。我代表國務院，向全國各族人民，向各民主黨派、各人民團體和各界人士，表示誠摯的感謝！向香港特別行政區同胞、澳門特別行政區同胞和臺灣同胞，以及廣大僑胞，表示誠摯的感謝！向世界各國政府、國際組織和國際友人對中國現代化事業的理解和支持，表示誠摯的感謝！

Displaying indomitable determination, courage and will, the Chinese people have overcome untold difficulties and challenges and accomplished major tasks.On behalf of the State Council, I would like to sincerely thank the people of all the ethnic groups, the democratic parties, the people's organizations and people from all sectors of society.I would like to express my sincere thanks to our compatriots in Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions and in Taiwan, as well as overseas Chinese nationals.I would like to thank governments of other countries, international organizations and foreign friends of China around the world for their understanding of and support for China's modernization.二、2008年主要任務

II.Major Tasks for 2008

今年是全面貫徹黨的十七大精神的第一年，改革發展任務繁重而艱巨，做好政府工作意義重大。

This is the first year for comprehensively implementing the guiding principles set out at the Seventeenth CPC National Congress.We face arduous tasks in reform and development, and it is very important for us to successfully carry out the work of the government.政府工作的基本思路和主要任務是：高舉中國特色社會主義偉大旗幟，以鄧小平理論和“三個代表”重要思想為指導，深入貫徹落實科學發展觀，更加重視加強和改善宏觀調控，更加重視推進改革開放和自主創新，更加重視調整經濟結構和提高發展質量，更加重視節約資源和保護環境，更加重視改善民生和促進社會和諧，推進社會主義經濟建設、政治建設、文化建設、社會建設，加快全面建設小康社會進程。

The basic guidelines and major tasks for the government's work are as follows: we must hold high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics;take Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of Three Represents as our guide;fully apply the Scientific Outlook on Development;attach greater importance to improving macroeconomic regulation, promoting reform, opening up and independent innovation, adjusting the economic structure and improving 23 / 57 2008年中華人民共和國政府工作報告(中英文)

the quality of development, conserving resources and protecting the environment, and improving people's lives and promoting social harmony;promote socialist economic, political, cultural and social development;and accelerate the process of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.今年國民經濟和社會發展的預期目標是：在優化結構、提高效益、降低消耗、保護環境的基礎上，國內生產總值增長8%左右；居民消費價格總水平漲幅控制在4.8%左右；城鎮新增就業1000萬人，城鎮登記失業率控制在4.5%左右；國際收支狀況有所改善。

We have set the following targets for economic and social development in 2008: on the basis of improving the economic structure, productivity, energy efficiency and environmental protection, the GDP should grow by about 8%, and the rise in the CPI should be held at around 4.8%.Ten million jobs should be created in urban areas, and the rate of registered urban unemployment should be kept at around 4.5%.Some improvement should be made in the balance of payments.這里要著重說明，提出國內生產總值增長8%左右，主要是綜合考慮了國內和國際多種因素，著眼于保持經濟平穩較快發展，引導各方面把主要精力和工作重點放在轉變發展方式、深化改革、加快社會建設上，防止片面追求和盲目攀比經濟增長速度，實現經濟社會又好又快發展。

It is important to note here that in setting the GDP growth target at around 8% for 2008, we have taken into account a variety of domestic and international factors.Our goal is to maintain both steady and fast economic growth, and guide all sectors of society to concentrate on changing the pattern of development, deepening reform and accelerating social development.The different regions should not just seek faster growth or compete with each other to have the highest growth rate.We should promote both sound and fast economic and social development.提出居民消費價格總水平漲幅控制在4.8%左右，主要是由于去年價格上漲對今年價格的翹尾影響較大，推動價格上漲的因素較多，控制物價上漲的難度加大；同時，又要考慮到居民、企業和社會各方面承受能力，努力避免物價漲幅過大。

The major considerations in setting the target for keeping the CPI this year at around 4.8% are as follows: last year's price increases are still exerting a fairly strong influence and quite a few factors are creating inflationary pressure, making it difficult to bring price increases under control.At the same time, we have to take into consideration the ability of individuals, enterprises and all sectors of society to tolerate price increases and try our best to avoid sharp price increases.實現經濟社會發展的目標和任務，需要把握以下原則：

To attain the targets and accomplish the tasks for this year's economic and social development, we must adhere to the following principles: 堅持穩中求進，促進經濟平穩較快發展；堅持好字優先，加快轉變經濟發展方式；堅持改革開放，注重推進制度建設和創新；

we must make progress while maintaining stability and aim for fast yet steady economic development.We must give priority to the quality rather than speed of development and accelerate improvement in the pattern of economic development.We must pursue reform and opening up and attach great importance to 24 / 57 2008年中華人民共和國政府工作報告(中英文)

promoting institutional improvements and innovations.堅持以人為本，加快以改善民生為重點的社會建設。今年經濟工作，要把防止經濟增長由偏快轉為過熱、防止價格由結構性上漲演變為明顯通貨膨脹作為宏觀調控的首要任務；鑒于當前國內外經濟形勢發展的不確定因素較多，要密切跟蹤分析新情況新問題，審時度勢，從實際出發，及時靈活地采取相應對策，正確把握宏觀調控的節奏、重點和力度，保持經濟平穩較快發展，避免出現大的起落。

We must put people first and accelerate social development, with the focus on improving people's lives.The primary task for macroeconomic regulation this year is to prevent fast economic growth from becoming overheated growth and keep structural price increases from turning into significant inflation.There are quite a few uncertainties in the current economic situation at home and abroad, so we need to keep close track of new developments and problems, properly size up situations and take prompt and flexible measures to respond to them while keeping our feet firmly rooted in reality.We need to maintain the appropriate pace, focus and intensity of macroeconomic regulation to sustain steady and fast economic development and avoid drastic fluctuations in the economy.今年要著重抓好以下九個方面工作：

We need to concentrate on the following nine tasks this year:

（一）搞好宏觀調控，保持經濟平穩較快發展

1.Improving macroeconomic regulation to maintain fast yet steady economic development.根據國內外經濟形勢和宏觀調控任務的要求，今年要實行穩健的財政政策和從緊的貨幣政策。

In view of the current domestic and international economic situation we need to follow a prudent fiscal policy and a tight monetary policy this year to accomplish the tasks for macroeconomic regulation.繼續實行穩健的財政政策，就是要保持財政政策的連續性和穩定性，充分發揮財政促進結構調整和協調發展的重要作用，增加對薄弱環節、改善民生、深化改革等方面的支出；同時，進一步減少財政赤字和長期建設國債。

Continuing to follow a prudent fiscal policy means that we must ensure the continuity and consistency of fiscal policy, get public finance to fully play its important role in promoting structural adjustment and balanced development, and increase expenditures to shore up weak links, improve people's lives and deepen reform.In addition, we need to further reduce the budget deficit and the volume of long-term development treasury bonds.今年，中央財政赤字預算擬安排1800億元，比去年預算赤字減少650億元；擬安排國債投資300億元，比去年減少200億元；增加中央預算內經常性建設投資，中央建設投資總計為1521億元。

The deficit for the central government budget this year is set at 180 billion yuan, 65 billion yuan less than last year.We plan to issue 30 billion yuan of treasury bonds for investment, 20 billion yuan less than last year, and increase allocations from the central government budget for general development, bringing total central government investment in development projects up to 152.1 billion yuan.25 / 57 2008年中華人民共和國政府工作報告(中英文)

繼續調整財政支出和政府投資結構，較大幅度地增加“三農”、社會保障、醫療衛生、教育、文化、節能減排和廉租住房建設等方面支出。要抓好增收節支，依法加強稅收征管，規范非稅收入管理，控制一般性支出。改革政府投資管理方式，提高投資使用效益。

We will continue to adjust the structure of government spending and investment by greatly increasing spending on agriculture, rural areas and farmers, the social safety net, medical and health care, education, culture, energy conservation and emissions reduction, and construction of low-rent housing.We will work hard to increase revenue and reduce expenditures, tighten tax collection and management in accordance with the law, improve management of non-tax revenue, and control regular expenditures.We need to reform the management of government investment to improve the performance of investments.合理安排財政超收收入。去年全國財政比預算超收7239億元，其中中央財政超收4168億元。超預算收入使用的原則是：集中財力辦關系民生和制度性建設方面的事，調整結構，加強薄弱環節。

Government revenue surplus must be used wisely.Total government revenue exceeded the targeted figure by more than 723.9 billion yuan last year, including 416.8 billion yuan in the central government budget.Surplus revenue should be concentrated on solving problems that have a direct bearing on people's lives, making institutional and structural improvements and strengthening weak links.依法增加地方兩稅返還和一般性轉移支付的支出；增加農林水、教育、文化和科技方面支出；增加社會保障、醫療衛生、司法保障和廉租住房建設支出；增加節能減排和環境保護支出；解決農村義務教育債務和國有糧食企業財務掛賬等歷史遺留問題支出。同時，削減財政赤字450億元；擬增加中央預算穩定調節基金1032億元。

Spending on the following items will be increased in accordance with the law: rebates on the consumption tax and value-added tax and general transfer payments to local governments;agriculture, forestry, water conservancy projects, education, culture, science, the social safety net, medical and health care, legal aid, construction of low-rent housing, energy conservation, emissions reduction and environmental protection;and resolution of debts for rural compulsory education, debts of state-owned grain enterprises and other long-overdue payments.In addition, the budget deficit should be reduced by 45 billion yuan and the central budget stability and regulation fund should be increased by 103.2 billion yuan.實行從緊的貨幣政策，主要是考慮當前固定資產投資反彈壓力較大，貨幣信貸投放仍然偏多，流動性過剩矛盾尚未緩解，價格上漲壓力明顯，需要加強金融調控，控制貨幣供應量和信貸過快增長。

The decision to follow a tight monetary policy was based on the following considerations: the strong possibility of a resurgence in fixed asset investment, continued excessive supplies of money and credit, the still-unsolved problem of excess liquidity, and considerable inflationary pressure.For these reasons, we must improve financial regulation to control the excessively rapid growth in the supplies of money and credit.一要綜合運用公開市場操作、存款準備金率等方式，加大對沖流動性力度；合理發揮利率杠桿調節作用；完善人民幣匯率形成機制，增強匯率彈性。

/ 57 2008年中華人民共和國政府工作報告(中英文)

First, we will step up efforts to curb excess liquidity by using a combination of open market operations and the required deposit reserve ratio.We will make appropriate use of the lever of interest rates.We will improve the RMB exchange rate regime to make the exchange rate more flexible.二要著力優化信貸結構，嚴格執行貸款條件，有保有壓。控制中長期貸款增長，特別是對高耗能、高排放企業和產能過剩行業的貸款；創新和改進銀行信貸服務，完善擔保、貼息等制度，加大對“三農”、服務業、中小企業、自主創新、節能環保、區域協調發展等方面的貸款支持。

Second, with the focus on improving the credit structure, we will strictly follow requirements for granting loans and guarantee some loans while restricting others.We will limit the increase in long-and medium-term loans, particularly to enterprises that are energy intensive or highly polluting and enterprises in industries with excess production capacity.We will make innovations and improvements in bank credit services, improve the systems of guarantees and interest discounts, and increase credit support for agriculture, rural areas, farmers, service industries, small and medium-sized enterprises, independent innovation, energy conservation, environmental protection, and balancing regional development.三要深化外匯管理體制改革。完善結售匯制度，加強跨境資本流動監管，穩步推進資本項目可兌換。拓展外匯儲備使用渠道和方式。同時，采取綜合措施，努力改善國際收支狀況。

Third, we will deepen reform of the foreign exchange administration system.We will improve the system for foreign exchange settlements and sales and payments in foreign exchange, tighten oversight on the flow of capital across borders, and move steadily toward making the RMB convertible for capital accounts.We will develop new channels and means for using foreign exchange reserves.Comprehensive measures will be adopted to improve the balance of payments.防止價格總水平過快上漲，是今年宏觀調控的重大任務。必須從增加有效供給和抑制不合理需求兩方面采取有力措施。

One major task for macroeconomic regulation this year is to prevent the overall price level from rising rapidly.To fulfill this task, we must take powerful measures to increase effective supply while curbing excessive demand.一要大力發展生產，特別要加強糧食、食用植物油、肉類等基本生活必需品和其他緊缺商品生產，認真落實支持發展生產的政策措施，搞好產運銷銜接。

First, we must expand production, especially the production of the basic necessities of life such as grain, vegetable oil and meat as well as other commodities in short supply.We must also earnestly implement policies and measures designed to support production and ensure coordination in the production, transport and sale of products.二要嚴格控制工業用糧和糧食出口。堅決制止玉米深加工能力盲目擴張，違規在建項目必須停建。

Second, we must strictly control industrial use of grain and grain exports.The reckless expansion of the capacity for intensive corn processing and construction work on such projects that violate regulations must be stopped.27 / 57 2008年中華人民共和國政府工作報告(中英文)

三要加快健全儲備體系，改進和完善儲備調節和進出口調節方式，適當增加國內緊缺重要消費品進口。

Third, we need to speed up improvement of the reserve system, improve methods for adjusting reserves and import and export volumes, and appropriately increase imports of major consumer goods that are in short supply on the domestic market.四要把握好政府調價的時機和力度，必須調整的資源性產品價格和公共服務收費也要從嚴控制，防止出現輪番漲價。

Fourth, we need to ensure that the timing and the size of government adjustments to prices are appropriate, and necessary adjustment of prices of resource products and public services should also be strictly controlled to prevent waves of price increases.五要健全大宗農產品、初級產品供求和價格變動的監測預警制度，做好市場供應和價格應急預案。

Fifth, we need to improve the early-warning system to monitor supply and demand and price changes of principal agricultural products and primary products, and put in place a plan for responding to drastic changes in market supply and demand and prices.六要加強市場和價格監管，抓好教育收費、醫藥價格、農資價格及涉農收費的監督檢查。依法打擊串通漲價、囤積居奇、哄抬物價等違法違規行為。

Sixth, we must strengthen market and price oversight and pay close attention to the oversight and inspection of prices and charges related to education, medical care, drugs, agricultural supplies, agriculture, rural areas and farmers.Illegal activities such as colluding or hoarding to drive up prices will be punished in accordance with the law.七要及時完善和落實對低收入群眾的補助辦法，特別要增加對生活困難群眾和家庭經濟困難學生的補貼，確保他們基本生活水平不因物價上漲而下降。

Seventh, we need to promptly improve and implement measures to aid the low-income sector of the population.In particular, we need to increase subsidies to poor people and students from poor families to ensure that their basic living standards do not drop because of price increases.八要遏制生產資料尤其是農業生產資料價格過快上漲。

Eighth, we must work to make sure that the prices of the means of production, particularly agricultural supplies, do not rise rapidly.九要堅持實行“米袋子”省長負責制和“菜籃子”市長負責制。物價問題與人民生活密切相關，各級政府一定要把穩定市場物價放在更加重要的位置。

Ninth, we will continue to implement the system of provincial governors assuming responsibility for the “rice bag”(grain supply)program and city mayors for the “vegetable basket”(non-staple food supply)program.Governments at all levels must give high priority to keeping prices stable because price stability has a direct bearing on the quality of people's lives.現在，國家糧食庫存充裕，主要工業消費品供大于求，只要切實加強領導，認真落實各項政策措施，上下共同努力，就一定能夠保證市場供應和價格基本穩定。

The country currently has an adequate stock of grain, and the supply of major 28 / 57 2008年中華人民共和國政府工作報告(中英文)

manufactured consumer goods exceeds demand.We can ensure adequate supply in the market and basic price stability as long as governments at all levels work to improve their leadership, diligently implement all policies and measures, and mount a concerted effort from the highest to the lowest level.近期發生的嚴重低溫雨雪冰凍災害，給經濟造成重大損失，給群眾生活帶來很大困難。要繼續做好災后重建工作，把災害損失減少到最低程度。要以電網恢復重建為重點抓緊修復基礎設施，盡快恢復農業生產，加強煤電油運協調工作，妥善安排受災地區群眾生活。同時，要從這次特大自然災害中，認真總結經驗教訓。加強電力、交通、通信等基礎設施建設，提高抗災和保障能力；加強應急體系和機制建設，提高預防和處置突發事件能力；加強對現代條件下自然災害特點和規律的研究，提高防災減災能力。

The recent disaster resulting from snow and ice storms caused significant losses to China's economy and made life very difficult for disaster victims.We will continue the work of repairing the damage and minimizing losses from the disaster.Affected infrastructure will be promptly repaired, with the focus on restoring power grids.Agricultural production will be resumed as soon as possible.We will closely coordinate supplies of coal, electricity, petroleum and transportation to help disaster victims get back on their feet.In addition, we will learn from this large-scale natural disaster.We must accelerate development of infrastructure, including electricity, transportation and communications, to improve its capacity to resist disasters and maintain normal operations.We must improve the systems and mechanisms for responding to disasters to increase our ability to prevent and handle emergencies.We must step up research to better understand the features and patterns of natural disasters under modern conditions and improve our ability to prevent and mitigate them.(二）加強農業基礎建設，促進農業發展和農民增收.2.Strengthening agriculture as the foundation of the economy, promoting development of agriculture and increasing farmer incomes.今年，要千方百計爭取農業有個好收成，努力增加農民收入，推進社會主義新農村建設。突出抓好三件事：

We will do everything possible to ensure a good harvest this year and work to increase farmer incomes and build a new socialist countryside.We will concentrate on the following three areas: 一是大力發展糧食生產，保障農產品供給。糧食安全，關系經濟社會發展全局，關系人民群眾切身利益，絲毫不能放松糧食生產。要切實穩定糧食種植面積，提高單產水平。加大對糧食主產區和種糧農民的扶持力度，實施糧食戰略工程，加快建立糧食核心產區，全面提高糧食綜合生產能力和供給保障能力。農業生產既要增加總量，又要優化品種結構，促進各類重要農產品穩定增長。認真落實支持生豬、奶業、油料發展的政策措施。積極發展畜牧水產業，扶持和促進規模化健康養殖。推進農業標準化生產，提高農產品的質量安全水平。

First, we will vigorously develop grain production and ensure the supply of agricultural products.Grain security has an overall bearing on economic and social development and affects the vital interests of the people, so we must always pay close attention to grain production.We must effectively keep the area sown to grain crops stable and increase the yield per unit area.We will increase support 29 / 57 2008年中華人民共和國政府工作報告(中英文)

for major grain-producing areas and grain farmers, carry out the grain strategy project and speed up efforts to establish core grain-producing areas to enhance the overall grain production capacity and become more able to ensure adequate supplies.While working to increase agricultural output, we also need to improve the structure of grain varieties grown and promote a constant increase in the production of important agricultural products.We will conscientiously implement policies and measures to boost pig production, dairy farming and oilseed production.We will energetically develop animal husbandry and aquaculture and support and promote their large-scale development as well as healthy farming practices.We will promote standardization of agricultural production to improve the quality and safety of agricultural products.二是加強農業基礎設施建設，加快完成大種型和重點小型病險水庫除險加固任務。搞好小型農田水利建設，大力發展節水灌溉。加大土地開發整理復墾力度，搞好中低產田改造，提高耕地質量，建設一批高標準農田。加強農村飲水、道路、電網、通信、文化等基礎設施建設，大力發展農村公共交通，改善農村人居環境。今年要再解決3200萬農村人口的安全飲水問題，增加500萬農村沼氣用戶支持建設一批大中型沼氣項目。

Second, we will intensify development of the agricultural infrastructure.We will speed up efforts to reinforce large and medium-sized reservoirs and dilapidated key small reservoirs.We will improve irrigated areas, build small water conservancy facilities and work hard to develop water-efficient irrigation.We will increase efforts to develop, improve and reclaim land, upgrade low-and medium-yield farmland, improve the productivity of farmland and develop farm plots that meet high standards.We will step up rural infrastructure development in drinking water supplies, roads, power grids, telecommunications and cultural facilities, vigorously develop rural public transportation systems and improve the rural living environment.We will provide safe drinking water for another 32 million rural residents and support the building of a number of large and medium-sized methane facilities to serve an additional five million rural families.三是拓寬農民增收渠道。加快發展高產優質高效生態安全農業，支持農業產業化經營和龍頭企業發展，加強農村現代市場流通體系建設，壯大和提升農村二三產業，發展鄉鎮企業，增強縣域經濟實力。加強農村職業教育和技能培訓，提高農民轉移就業能力，發展勞務經濟。加大扶貧開發力度，繼續減少貧困人口.Third, we will develop more channels to increase rural incomes.We will accelerate the development of high-yield, high-quality, high-efficiency, eco-friendly and safe agriculture and support the development of industrialized agricultural operations and pacesetting enterprises.We will increase efforts to build a modern marketing and retail distribution network for rural areas, strengthen and upgrade rural secondary and tertiary industries, develop township and village enterprises and strengthen county economies.We will step up vocational education and technical training in rural areas to make it easier for rural residents to find nonagricultural employment, and develop the labor economy.We will intensify poverty alleviation efforts through development and continue to reduce the number of poor people.30 / 57 2008年中華人民共和國政府工作報告(中英文)

主要措施是：

The major measures we are going to take are as follows: 一要大力增加投入。今年財政支農投入的增量要明顯高于上年，國家固定資產投資用于農村的增強要明顯高于上年，政府土地出讓收入用于農村建設的增量要明顯高于上年。調整耕地占用稅的使用方向，改革城市建設維護稅使用辦法，增加農村建設。今年中央財政安排“三農”支出5625億元，比上年增加1307億元.First, we will greatly increase funding.This year's increases in budgetary support for agriculture, rural areas and farmers, state fixed asset investment in the countryside and the proportion of government land transfer income used for rural development will all be considerably higher than last year's increases.We will adjust the way tax revenues from the use of farmland for nonagricultural purposes are used and reform methods for using urban construction and maintenance tax receipts to increase funding for rural development.Allocations from this year's central government budget related to agriculture, rural areas and farmers total 562.5 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 130.7 billion yuan.二要強化和完善農業支持政策。增加糧食直補，農資綜合直補。擴大良種補貼規模和范圍增加農機具購置補貼種類，提高補貼標準，從今年起農機具購置補貼覆蓋到所有農業縣。根據情況提高糧食最低收購價.Second, we will strengthen agricultural support policies.We will increase direct subsidies for grain producers and general direct subsidies for purchasing agricultural supplies.We will expand both the size and scope of subsidies for using superior seed varieties.We will subsidize the purchase of more kinds of agricultural machinery and tools and raise such subsidies.Starting this year, eligibility for these subsidies will be expanded to all agricultural counties.We will raise the minimum grain purchase prices based on actual conditions.三要堅持最嚴格的耕地保護制度特別是加強基本農田保護。按土地利用總體規劃從嚴審查調查各類規劃的用地規模和標準，嚴格執行土地用途管理制度，依法嚴格管理農村集體和個人建設用地，堅決制止違法違規占用耕地和林地的行為.Third, we will adhere to the strictest possible system for protecting farmland, and in particular we will increase protection of basic farmland.We will carefully examine and adjust the amounts and standards for land use in all types of plans in accordance with the master plan for land use, strictly follow the system for controlling land use, rigorously manage rural land used for collective and private construction projects in accordance with the law, and resolutely put a stop to illegal appropriation of arable land and forested areas.四要完善農業科技推廣和服務體系。加強農業科技創新和成果轉化，強化以公益性為主的多元化農業技術推廣服務。加快推進農業機械化。加強良種、信息、農產品質量安全和防災減災體系建設，搞好動物疫病和植物病蟲害防控。加大測土配方施肥規模.Fourth, we will improve the system for spreading agricultural science and technology and providing agricultural technical services.We will work harder to make innovations in agricultural science and technology and apply advances in agricultural science and technology, and improve the diverse array of mainly nonprofit agricultural technical services.We will accelerate agricultural mechanization.We will improve the systems for superior seed varieties, 31 / 57 2008年中華人民共和國政府工作報告(中英文)

information, and the quality and safety of agricultural products, and for preventing and mitigating disasters, and do a good job preventing and controlling animal epidemics, plant diseases and insect pests.We will expand trial soil testing to determine appropriate fertilizer formulas.五要全面推進農村改革。加快農村綜合改革步伐。采取多種有效措施，積極穩妥地化解鄉村債務及中央和地方將增加財政投入，用三年左右時間基本化解農村義務教育歷史債務。堅持農村基本經營制度，穩定和完善土地承保關系，按照依法自愿有償原則，健全土地承包經營權流轉市場，有條件的地方可以發展多種形式的適度規模經營。大力發展農民專業合作組織。全面推進集體林權制度改革.Fifth, we will carry out rural reform in all areas.We will accelerate overall rural reform.We will adopt effective measures to actively yet prudently reduce the debts of townships and villages.The central and local governments will increase budgetary funding to basically clear up overdue debts for rural compulsory education in about three years.We will adhere to the basic system for rural operations and stabilize and improve land contract relationships.We will improve the market for the compensated, voluntary transfer of land contract and management rights in accordance with the law and allow diverse forms of farming operations to develop to an appropriate scale where conditions permit.We will work hard to develop specialized farmer cooperatives.We will carry out comprehensive reform of the system of collective forest rights.(三）推進經濟結構調整，轉變發展方式.3.Promoting economic adjustment and changing the pattern of development.堅持擴大內需方針，調整投資和消費關系，促進經濟增長由主要依靠投資、出口拉動向依靠消費、投資、出口協調拉動轉變。關鍵是合理控制固定資產投資規模，著力優化投資結構。堅持嚴把土地、信貸閘門和市場準入標準，特別是要加強和規范新開工心目管理，嚴格執行項目新開工條件。

We will continue to boost domestic demand, adjust the balance of investment and consumption, and promote the shift from the pattern of economic growth that relies mainly on investment and exports to one that relies on a balanced combination of consumption, investment and exports.It is essential to appropriately control the scale of fixed asset investment and improve the investment structure.We will maintain strict control over the availability of land, credit and market access, and pay particular attention to strengthening and standardizing supervision of new projects to ensure they meet all the conditions for launching.堅決控制高耗能、高排放和產能過剩行業盲目投資和重復建設，提高限制發展行業的準入標準和項目資本金比例。違法違規建設項目要堅決停建。加大對經濟社會發展薄弱環節、重點領域和中西部地區的支持力度。從嚴控制新增建設用地特別是工業用地，今年土地利用計劃總規模控制在去年水平。要適應新形勢、新情況，加強和改進對社會各類投資活動的引導、調控和監管.Haphazard investment and unneeded development projects in energy 32 / 57 2008年中華人民共和國政府工作報告(中英文)

intensive and highly polluting industries and industries with excess production capacity will be resolutely stopped, and market access will be tightened and capital requirements will be increased for industries whose development is discouraged.Work on illegal projects will be resolutely stopped.We will increase support for weak links and key areas in economic and social development and give more support to the central and western regions.We must tighten control over the amount of land used for development projects, especially for industrial purposes, and hold the total amount of land used this year to last year's level.We must respond to new conditions and situations by improving guidance, regulation and oversight for all types of investment activities in the country.堅持把推進自主創新作為轉變發展方式的中心環節。要認真落實國家中長期科學和技術發展規劃綱要，全面啟動和組織實施大型飛機、水體污染控制與治理、大型油氣田及煤層氣開發等國家重大專項。實施基礎研究、高技術研究和科技支撐計劃。著力突破新能源汽車、高速軌道交通、工農業節水等一批重大關鍵技術。

We will promote development of the national innovation system, focusing on building a number of national laboratories, national engineering centers, and platforms to support enterprise innovation and enterprise technology centers to strengthen China's science and technology infrastructure.We will deepen reform of the management system for science and technology and coordinate and improve resource distribution.The central government will spend 113.4 billion yuan on science and technology in 2008, a year-on-year increase of 13.4 billion yuan.We will improve and implement the policy to support independent innovation, get enterprises to fully play their role as the main parties responsible for technological innovation, and encourage and guide them to increase investment in R&D.We will integrate the efforts of enterprises, universities and research institutes and develop innovative enterprises.Government procurement of products produced through independent innovation will be increased.Trials in the use of venture capital will be expanded.We will implement the intellectual property rights strategy.We will expand scientific and technological cooperation with other countries

推進國家創新體系建設，重點建設一批國家實驗室、國家工程中心、面向企業的創新支撐平臺和企業技術中心，加強科技基礎能力建設。深化科技管理體制改革，統籌和優化科技資源配置。今年中央財政將安排科技支出1134億元，比上年增加134億元。完善和落實支持自主創新的政策，充分發揮企業作為技術創新主體的作用，鼓勵、引導企業增加研發投入。加大政府采購對自主創新產品的支持力度。擴大創業風險和投資試點范圍。實施知識產權戰略，加強國際科技合作.We will continue to promote independent innovation as the central link in efforts to change the pattern of development.We need to diligently implement the Outline of the National Program for Long-and Medium-Term Scientific and Technological Development and fully launch and implement key national projects, including those to develop large aircraft, control pollution in bodies of water, and develop large-scale oil and gas fields and coal seam gas operations.We will carry out plans for basic research, high-tech research, and research to provide scientific 33 / 57 2008年中華人民共和國政府工作報告(中英文)

and technological support for development.We will work to make major breakthroughs in key technologies for producing vehicles powered by new energy sources, developing high-speed railway transport and saving water in industries..推進產業結構優化升級。堅持走中國特色新型工業化道路，推進信息化與工業化融合。著力發展高新技術產業，大力振興裝備制造業，改造和提升傳統產業，加快發展服務業特別是現代服務業。繼續實施新型顯示器、寬帶通信與網絡、生物醫藥等一批重大高技術產業專項。

We will promote improvement and upgrading of the industrial structure.We will keep to the new path of industrialization with Chinese characteristics and promote integration of IT application with industrialization.We will work to develop new-and high-technology industries, reinvigorate the equipment manufacturing industry, upgrade traditional industries and accelerate the development of service industries, particularly modern services.We will continue the major projects to apply high technologies in the production of new-type displays, broadband communications and network equipment, and biomedicine.充分發揮國家高新技術開發區的集聚、引領和輻射作用。圍繞大型清潔高效發電設備、高檔數控機床和基礎制造裝備等關鍵領域，推進重大裝備、關鍵零部件及元器件自主研發和國產化。加強地質工作，提高資源勘查開發水平。積極發展現代能源原材料產業和綜合運輸體系.We will get national new and high technology development zones to fully play their role in pooling resources, guiding development and boosting development in surrounding areas.We will promote domestic R&D and production of important equipment and key spare parts and components, with the focus on key areas such as large clean and highly efficient power generating units, high-grade digital machine tools and basic manufacturing equipment.We will give higher priority to geological work to improve prospecting for and exploitation of natural resources.We will strongly develop the modern energy and raw materials industries and better integrate the transportation system.促進區域協調發展。深入推進西部大開發，建工建設一批重點工程，支持重點地區優化開發。繼續搞好天然林保護、防沙治沙、石漠化治理落實退耕還林后續政策。組織實施東北地區振興規劃，支持先進裝備制造業發展和資源枯竭型地區經濟轉型。編制和實施促進中西部崛起計劃，落實并完善相關政策。鼓勵東部地步率先發展，著力提升國際競爭力。進一步加大對革命老區、民族地區、邊疆地區、貧困地區發展的扶持力度。制定并實施主體功能區規劃和政策.We will promote balanced development among regions.We will extensively promote the large-scale development of the western region, and launch a number of key projects and support the development of key areas on a priority basis.We will continue to protect natural forests, prevent and control desertification, and reverse and prevent the development of stony deserts, and will implement a follow-up policy to consolidate progress made in converting retired farmland to forests.We will implement the plan to reinvigorate northeast China, and support the development of advanced equipment manufacturing and modern agriculture and the economic transformation of areas depending on resources that are now exhausted.We will formulate and implement a plan to boost development of the 34 / 57 2008年中華人民共和國政府工作報告(中英文)

central region and implement and improve relevant policies.We will encourage the eastern region to lead the country in development and improve its international competitiveness.We will give more support to old revolutionary areas, ethnic minority areas, border areas and poor areas to help them develop.We will adopt and implement a plan and policy for development priority zones.(四）加大節能減排和環境保護力度，做好產品質量安全工作.4.Increasing efforts to conserve energy, reduce emissions and protect the environment, and ensuring product quality and safety.今年是完成“十一五”節能減排約束性目標的關鍵一年，務必增強緊迫感，加大攻堅力度，力求取得更大成效。

This year is crucial for meeting the obligatory targets for energy conservation and emissions reduction set forth in the Eleventh Five-Year Plan, and we must increase our sense of urgency and intensify efforts to make greater progress.一是落實電力、鋼鐵、水泥、煤炭、造紙等行業淘汰落后生產能力計劃。建立淘汰落后產能退出機制，完善和落實關閉企業的配套政策措施。同時，按照規劃加強這些行業先進生產能力的建設.First, we will implement the plan to close down backward production facilities in the electricity, steel, cement, coal and papermaking industries.We will also put in place a mechanism for closing down these facilities and improve and implement support policies and measures for shutting down enterprises.In addition, we will step up efforts to develop advanced production facilities in these industries in accordance with the plan.二是抓好重點企業節能和重點工程建設。加快十大重點節能工程實施進度。提高城鎮污水處理能力，力爭用兩年的時間在36個大城市率先實現污水的全部收集和處理。適當提高排污費、污水處理費和垃圾處理費標準。完善和嚴格執行建筑標準，大力推進墻體材料革新和建筑節能。穩步推進城鎮供熱體制和市政公用事業改革.Second, we will focus on energy conservation in key enterprises and construction of key projects.We need to accelerate work on the ten major energy conservation projects.We will increase the urban sewage treatment capacity and strive to reach the goal of 100% collection and treatment of sewage in 36 large cities within two years.Charges for discharging wastewater and for sewage treatment and garbage disposal will be appropriately raised.Building standards will be upgraded and strictly enforced to encourage the development of better wall materials and construction of energy-efficient buildings.We will make steady progress in reforming the urban heating system and public utilities.三是開放和推廣節約、替代、循環利用資源和治理污染的先進技術，實施節能減排重大技術和示范工程。大力發展節能服務產業和環保業。開發風能、太陽能等清潔、可再生能源.Third, we will develop and apply advanced and appropriate technologies to save, replace and reuse resources and control pollution, and carry out projects to develop and demonstrate major energy conservation and emissions reduction technologies.We will energetically develop the energy conservation service industry and the environmental protection industry.We will develop clean and 35 / 57 2008年中華人民共和國政府工作報告(中英文)

renewable energy sources such as wind power and solar energy.四是做好“三河三湖”、南水北調稅源及沿線、三峽庫區和松花江等重點流域污染防治工作，實施渤海環境保護總體規劃。提高重點流域水污染無的國家排放標準.Fourth, we will prevent and control pollution in key river valleys and regions, including the Huai, Hai, Liao and Songhua rivers, Tai, Chao and Dianchi lakes, the sources and routes of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, and the Three Gorges Reservoir area.We will implement the master plan for protecting the environment of the Bohai Sea.National standards will have stricter limits for discharge of pollutants in key river valleys.五是加強農村飲用水水源地保護，推進農村生活污染治理，嚴格控制農村地區工業污染，加強畜禽、水產養殖污染治理，控制農業面源污染.Fifth, we will intensify protection of rural drinking water sources, and work to control sewage and garbage pollution and industrial pollution in rural areas.We will also strengthen control of pollution from livestock and poultry farming and aquaculture as well as agricultural nonpoint source pollution.六是鼓勵和支持發展循環經濟，促進再生資源回收利用。全面推行清潔生產.Sixth, we will encourage and support the development of a circular economy and promote recycling and reuse of renewable resources.We will also promote cleaner production in all industries.七是加強土地、水、草原、森林、礦產等資源的保護和節約集約利用，嚴厲查處亂采濫挖礦產資源等違法違規行為。搞好海洋資源保護和合理利用，發展海洋經濟。加強氣象、地震、測繪基礎研究和能力建設.Seventh, we will strengthen efforts to protect, conserve and intensively use natural resources, including land, water, grasslands, forests and minerals, and take stern measures to combat illegal mining of mineral resources.We will effectively protect marine resources, use them wisely, and develop the marine economy.We will intensify China's basic research efforts in meteorology, earthquake science, and surveying and mapping to strengthen these areas.八是實施應對氣候變化國家方案，加強應對氣候變化能力建設.Eighth, we will implement the national plan to respond to climate change to strengthen China's ability to respond to climate change.九是完善能源資源節約和環境保護獎懲機制。執行節能減排統計監測制度，健全審計、監察體系、加強執法力度，強化節能減排工作責任制.Ninth, we will improve the mechanism for rewarding those who conserve energy and resources and protect the environment and punishing those who waste energy and resources and harm the environment.We will also employ statistical and monitoring systems for conserving energy and reducing emissions, and improve the auditing and supervision systems, increase law enforcement efforts, and tighten the accountability system for energy conservation and emissions reduction.十是增強全社會生態文明觀念，動員全體人民更加積極投身于資源節約型、環境友好型、社會建設。節約資源和環境保護要一代一代人持之以恒地進行下去，讓我們的祖國山更綠，水更清，天更藍.36 / 57 2008年中華人民共和國政府工作報告(中英文)

Tenth, we will enhance public awareness of the importance of a culture of conservation and encourage the entire nation to participate in building a resource-conserving and environmentally friendly society.Resource conservation and environmental protection must continue from generation to generation to make our mountains greener, waters cleaner and skies bluer.加強產品質量安全工作。

We will intensify efforts to ensure product quality and safety.一是加快產品質量安全標準制定和修訂。今年要完成7700多項食品、藥品和其他消費品安全國家標準的制定修改工作，健全食品、藥品和其他消費品安全標準體系；食品、消費品安全性能要求及其檢測方法標準，都要采用國際標準。出口產品除符合國家標準外，還要符合進口國標準和技術法規的要求。

First, we will accelerate efforts to formulate or update national standards for product quality and safety.This year, we will complete the formulation or updating of more than 7,700 national standards for the safety of food products, drugs and other consumer goods to put in place a sound system of standards for product safety.All requirements and testing methods for the safety and quality of food and other consumer goods will comply with international standards.China's exports will meet both international standards and the laws and regulations on technical standards of the importing countries.二是完善產品質量安全法制保障。加快制定修訂涉及產品質量安全的法規，完善行政執法與刑事司法緊密銜接的機制，加強對違法違規企業的懲處力度。

Second, we will improve legal guarantees for product quality and safety.We need to promptly enact or revise laws and regulations pertaining to product quality and safety, and improve the mechanism for effectively coordinating administrative law enforcement and criminal justice to increase punishment for enterprises that violate such laws and regulations.三是健全產品質量安全監管體系。嚴格執行生產許可、強制認證、注冊備案制度，嚴把市場準入關。提高涉及人身健康和安全產品的生產許可條件和市場準入門檻。加強食品、藥品等重點監管工作，嚴把進出口商量質量關。認真落實產品質量安全責任制。我們一定要讓人民群眾吃得放心、用得安心，讓出口產品享有良好信譽.Third, we will improve the oversight and control systems for product quality and safety.We will follow to the letter the regulations for issuing production permits and mandatory certificates and for registration and record keeping to strictly control market access.We will raise the requirements for production permits and tighten market access for products related to people's health and safety.We need to strengthen quality and safety oversight for essential products such as food and drugs, and strictly control the quality of exports and imports.We will diligently follow the accountability system for product quality and safety.It is imperative that the people feel confident about the safety of food and other consumer goods and that our exports have a good reputation.(五）深化經濟體制改革，提高對外開放水平.5.Deepening economic reform and opening wider to the outside world.37 / 57 2008年中華人民共和國政府工作報告(中英文)

今年是改革開放30周年，改革開放使中國發生了歷史性的巨大變化。我們仍處于并將長期處于社會主義初級階段，進一步解放和發展生產力，進一步促進社會公平正義，實現全面建設小康社會和國家現代化的宏偉目標，必須繼續堅定不移地推進改革開放。今年著重抓好以下幾個方面: It has been 30 years since China introduced the reform and opening up policy, which has brought about great historic changes to the country.However, China is still in the primary stage of socialism and will remain so for a long time to come.To further promote unfettered development of the productive forces, promote greater social fairness and justice, and attain the magnificent goals of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and modernizing China, we must continue to unswervingly implement the reform and opening up policy.We will concentrate on the following areas this year.推進國有企業改革，完善所有制結構。繼續推動國有資本調整和國有企業重組。深化國有企業公司制股份制改革。完善公司法人治理結構。做好政策性關閉破產和主輔分離、輔業改制工作。擴大國有資本經營預算制度試點。深化壟斷行業改革，引入競爭機制，加強政府監管和社會監督。

We need to strictly standardize procedures for transforming SOEs into stock companies and for transferring ownership of state-owned assets to prevent their erosion.We will protect the legitimate rights and interests of workers.We will advance the reform of collectively owned enterprises and develop diverse forms of collective and cooperative economic operations.We will conscientiously implement the policies for encouraging, supporting and guiding the development of individual-proprietorship businesses and private companies in the nonpublic sector of the economy.In particular, we will help them solve problems related to market access and financial support.嚴格規范國有企業改制和國有產權轉讓，防止國有資產流失，保障職工合法權益。推進集體企業改革，發展多種形式的集體經濟、合作經濟。認真落實鼓勵、支持和引導個體私營等非公有制經濟發展的各項政策，尤其要解決市場準入和融資支持等方面的問題.We will advance the reform of SOEs and improve their ownership structure.We will continue to adjust state-owned assets and reorganize SOEs.We need to deepen the reform to convert SOEs into stockholding corporations.We will improve corporate governance, carry out policy-mandated closures and bankruptcies, separate SOEs' secondary businesses from their core businesses, and convert the former into independent companies.We will expand the experiment of setting up a budget system for managing state capital.We will deepen the reform of monopoly industries by introducing competition and strengthening government regulation and public oversight of them.深化財稅體制改革，加快公共財政體系建設。改革預算制度，強化預算管理和監督。完善財政轉移支付制度，提高一般性轉移支付規模和比例。積極推進省以下財政體制改革。全面實施新的企業所得稅法。改革資源稅費制度，完善資源的有償使用制度和生態環境的補償機制。繼續推進增值稅轉型改革試點，研究制定在全國范圍內實施方案.We will deepen reform of the fiscal and taxation systems and accelerate improvement in the public finance system.We will reform the budget system and tighten budgetary management and oversight.We need to improve and 38 / 57 2008年中華人民共和國政府工作報告(中英文)

standardize the system of transfer payments, raise the volume and proportion of general transfer payments and increase spending on public services.We will energetically push ahead with the reform of fiscal systems at and below the provincial level.The new Law on Corporate Income Tax will be comprehensively enforced.We will reform the system of resource taxes and fees, and improve the compensation systems for use of resources and for damage caused to the ecosystem.We will carry forward the trial VAT reform and formulate a plan to carry out the reform nationwide.加快金融體制改革，加強金融監管。繼續深化銀行業改革，重點推進中國農業銀行股份制改革和國家開發銀行改革。建立存款保險制度。加快農村金融改革，強化中國農業銀行、中國農業發展銀行和中國郵政儲蓄銀行為“三農”服務的功能，繼續深化農村信用社改革，積極推進新型的農村金融機構發展。

We will speed up reform of the financial system and strengthen financial oversight.We will continue deepening reform of the banking industry, focusing on the introduction of a shareholding system in the Agriculture Bank of China and the reform of the China Development Bank.A deposit insurance system will be set up.We will accelerate rural financial reform and strengthen the role of the Agriculture Bank of China, the Agricultural Development Bank of China and the China Postal Savings Bank in serving agriculture, rural areas and farmers.We will continue to deepen the reform of rural credit cooperatives and actively promote the development of new types of financial institutions in rural areas.優化資本市場結構，促進股票市場穩定健康發展，著力提高上市公司質量，維護公開公平公正的市場秩序，建立創業板市場，加快發展債券市場，穩步發展期貨市場深化保險業改革，積極擴大農業保險的范圍，做好政策性農業保險試點工作。依法嚴厲查處各種金融違法違規行為。切實防范和化解金融風險，維護金融穩定和安全.We will improve the structure of the capital market, promote steady and sound development of the stock markets, strive to improve the performance of listed companies, and maintain an open, fair and equitable market environment.We will establish a market for growth enterprises, accelerate development of the bond market and steadily develop the futures market.We will deepen reform of the insurance industry, vigorously extend the scope of agricultural insurance, and successfully carry out trials of policy-supported agricultural insurance.We will take stern measures to combat violations of financial laws and regulations and guard against and defuse financial risks to maintain financial stability and security.拓展對外開放廣度和深度，提高開放型經濟水平。在保持出口平穩增長的同時，加快轉變外貿發展方式，優化出口結構，鼓勵自主知識產權和自主品牌的產品出口，提高出口產品質量、檔次和附加值。擴大服務出口，發展服務外包。積極擴大進口，重點增加先進技術裝備、重要原材料和關鍵零部件及元器件的進口。

We will expand the breadth and depth of China's openness and make its economy more open.We will accelerate change in the pattern of foreign trade growth, improve the mix of exports, encourage the export of products with Chinese intellectual property rights and trademarks, and raise the quality, grade and added value of exports while maintaining steady export growth.We need to 39 / 57 2008年中華人民共和國政府工作報告(中英文)

increase export of services and encourage foreign businesses to outsource services to China.We will energetically increase imports, with the focus on advanced technology and equipment, important raw materials, and key spare parts and components.優化利用外資產業結構和地區布局，穩步推進服務業的對外開放。限制和禁止高耗能、高排放和部分資源性外資項目，切實糾正招商引資中違法違規的做法。創新對外投資和合作的方式，完善和落實支持企業“走出去”的政策措施。加強多雙邊和區域經濟合作。繼續推進自由貿易區的，認真實施已簽署的協定。維護公平的國際貿易秩序.We will improve the mix of industries using foreign investment and their geographic distribution, and steadily make service industries more open.We will limit or ban foreign investment in projects that are energy intensive or highly polluting, limit or ban foreign investment in some areas of resource exploitation, and correct illegal practices for attracting foreign investment.We will make innovations in the way we make investments and engage in cooperation overseas, and improve and implement policies and measures to support Chinese enterprises wishing to “go global.” We will strengthen bilateral, multilateral and regional economic cooperation.We will continue to promote talks on free trade zones and honor the treaties we have signed.We are committed to an equitable international trade order.在推進改革開放中，要加快現代市場的體系建設，大力發展現代流通，深入整頓和規范市場秩序，推進社會信用制度建設。

In carrying out reform and opening up, we will accelerate the development of a modern market system, energetically develop modern logistics, intensify efforts to ensure orderly markets and promote the development of a credit system for individuals.（六）更加注重社會建設，著力保障和改善民生.6.Paying closer attention to social development to ensure the wellbeing of the people and improve their lives.堅持優先發展教育。

We will continue to give priority to developing education.一是在全國城鄉普遍實行免費義務教育。繼續增加農村義務教育公用經費，提高保障水平。適當提高農村家庭經濟困難寄宿生生活補助費的補助標準。認真落實保障經濟困難家庭、進城務工人員子女平等接受義務教育的措施。在試點的基礎上，從今年秋季起全面免除城市義務教育學雜費，這是推動義務教育均衡發展、促進教育公平的又一重大舉措。

First, we will make free compulsory education universally available in both urban and rural areas.We will continue increasing regular expenditures for rural compulsory education and raise the level of budgetary allocations.We will appropriately increase living allowances for poor rural students residing on campus.We will take steps to ensure that children from poor families and children of rural migrant workers in cities enjoy the same access to compulsory education as others.After running trials in selected areas, we will completely stop collecting tuition and miscellaneous fees from all urban students receiving compulsory education starting this fall.This is another major measure for 40 / 57 2008年中華人民共和國政府工作報告(中英文)

promoting balanced development of compulsory education and equal access to education.二是大力發展職業教育。加強職業教育基礎能力建設，深化職業教育管理、辦學、投入等體制改革，培養高素質技能型人才。

Second, we must vigorously develop vocational education.We will strengthen the basic conditions for vocational education and deepen reform of the systems for administering, running and investing in vocational education programs in order to turn out high-quality skilled personnel.三是提高高等教育質量。優化學科專業結構，推進高水平大學和重點學科建設。普通高校招生增量繼續向中西部地區傾斜.Third, we must raise the quality of higher education.We will improve the structure of academic disciplines and develop high-quality universities and key disciplines.Regular institutions of higher learning will continue to favor students in the central and western regions in expanding their enrollments.辦好各級各類教育，必須抓好三項工作：

To successfully provide education of various kinds and at different levels, we must focus on the following three tasks.一要全面實施素質教育，推進教育改革創新。深化教學內容和方式、考試和招生制度、質量評價制度等改革。切實減輕中小學生的課業負擔。

One, we must ensure that all students receive a well-rounded education, and promote educational reforms and innovations.We will deepen the reform of curricula, methods of instruction, the systems of examination and enrollment, and the system for evaluating educational quality, and lighten the study load of primary and secondary school students.二要加強教師隊伍特別是農村教師隊伍建設，完善和落實教師工資、津補貼制度。Two, we must improve the quality of teachers, especially in rural areas, and improve and implement the system of wages, allowances and subsidies for teachers.三要加大教育事業投入。今年中央財政用于教育的投入，將由去年的1076億元增加到1562億元；地方財政也都要增加投入。進一步規范教育收費。鼓勵和規范民辦教育發展。沒有全民教育的普及和提高，便沒有國家現代化的未來。要讓孩子們上好學，辦好人民滿意的教育，提高全民族的素質.Three, we must increase investment in education.This year, central government allocation for education will increase from last year's total of 107.6 billion yuan to 156.2 billion yuan, and local governments will also increase their spending.We will further standardize the collection of education-related fees.We will standardize nonpublic education programs and encourage their development.China cannot modernize if education is not made universally available and if its quality is not improved.We must ensure that our children receive a good education, provide education that satisfies the needs of the people and improve the overall quality of the population.推進衛生事業改革和發展。重點抓好四件事：

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We will promote the reform and development of health care.Efforts will be focused on four areas: 一是加快推進覆蓋城鄉居民的醫療保障制度建設。擴大城鎮職工基本醫療保險覆蓋面；城鎮居民基本醫療保險試點要擴大到全國50%以上的城市；在全國農村全面推行新型農村合作醫療制度，用兩年時間將籌資標準由每人每年50元提高到100元，其中中央和地方財政對參合農民補助標準由40元提高到80元。健全城鄉醫療救助制度。

First, we will accelerate the establishment of a system to ensure access to medical care for both urban and rural residents.We will expand the number of urban workers covered by basic medical insurance, and extend the trial of basic medical insurance for urban residents to over 50% of China's cities.We will fully implement the new type of rural cooperative medical care system in all rural areas.Within two years, we will raise the standard for financing from 50 yuan to 100 yuan per person per year, with central and local government contributions to be raised from 40 yuan to 80 yuan per person.We will improve the urban and rural assistance program for medical care.二是完善公共衛生服務體系。抓好重大疾病防治，落實擴大國家傳染病免疫規劃范圍的政策措施，加大對艾滋病、結核病、血吸蟲病等疾病患者的免費治療力度。加強地方病、職業病、精神病防治。做好婦幼保健工作。在中西部地區農村實行住院分娩補助政策。健全公共衛生服務經費保障機制。

Second, we will improve the public health service system.We will prevent and treat major diseases, implement policies and measures to increase the number of diseases covered in the state plan for immunization against communicable diseases, and provide free treatment for more people suffering from diseases such as AIDS, tuberculosis and schistosomiasis.We need to work harder to prevent and treat endemic, occupational and mental diseases.We must do a good job in work related to the health of women and children.We will implement a policy of granting allowances to rural women in the central and western regions giving birth in hospitals.We will improve the mechanism for ensuring adequate funding for public health services.三是推進城鄉醫療服務體系建設。重點健全農村三級衛生服務網絡和城市社區醫療衛生服務體系。加大全科醫護人員和鄉村醫生培養的力度，鼓勵高素質人才到基層服務。開展公立醫院改革試點。制定和實施扶持中醫藥和民族醫藥事業發展的措施。

Third, we will continue development of the medical service systems for urban and rural areas.We will focus on improving the county, township, village three-tier rural health service network and the urban community-based medical and health service system.We will train more general practitioners, nurses and rural doctors and encourage high-caliber health workers to work in village and community clinics.Trial reform of public hospitals will be carried out.Measures will be formulated and implemented to support the development of traditional Chinese medicine and the folk medicines of ethnic minorities.四是建立國家基本藥物制度和藥品供應保障體系，保證群眾基本用藥和用藥安全，農村藥品價格上漲。今年中央財政將安排823億元，比上年增加165億元，支持衛生事業改革和發展，重點向農村和基層傾斜.42 / 57 2008年中華人民共和國政府工作報告(中英文)

Fourth, we will set up a national system for basic drugs and a system for ensuring drug supply to ensure the quality and adequate supply of basic drugs and hold down prices.This year the central government will allocate 83.2 billion yuan to support the reform and development of health care, an increase of 16.7 billion yuan over last year, with the focus of spending on facilities at the urban community and village level.去年以來，國務院組織力量研究深化醫藥衛生體制改革問題，已經制定一個初步方案，將向社會公開征求意見。改革的基本目標是：堅持公共醫療衛生的公益性質，建立基本醫療衛生制度，為群眾提供安全、有效、方便、價廉的基本醫療衛生服務。我們要堅定地推進這項改革，讓人人享有基本醫療衛生服務.Last year the State Council commissioned a study of the issue of how to deepen reform of the system of pharmaceuticals and health care.A preliminary plan has been produced and will soon be publicized to solicit opinions from the general public.The basic goal of the reform is to maintain the public service nature of public medical and health care services and set up a basic medical and health care system to provide people with basic medical and health care services that are safe, effective, convenient and affordable.We must resolutely carry out this reform to provide everyone with access to basic medical and health services and improve their health.加強人口和計劃生育工作。穩定現行生育政策和低生育水平，提高出生人口素質，綜合治理出生人口性別比偏高問題。全面實施計劃生育家庭特別扶助制度，擴大實施農村計劃生育家庭獎勵制度和少生快富工程范圍，提高獎勵扶助標準。加強流動人口計劃生育服務管理.We will improve work related to population and family planning.We will adhere to the current policy of family planning, keep the birthrate low, improve the health of newborns and adopt a full range of measures to address the gender imbalance in babies.We will fully implement the special assistance system for families that comply with family planning regulations, extend the coverage of the reward system for rural families that comply with the regulations, implement the “lower birthrate equals faster prosperity” project in more areas, and raise the level of rewards and assistance.We will improve services for the floating population and tighten supervision of them to ensure that they comply with the family planning policy.重視發展老齡事業，切實保障婦女和未成年人權益，關心和支持殘疾人事業.We will attach great importance to programs for the elderly, effectively protect the rights and interests of women and minors, and show concern for people with physical and mental disabilities and support programs benefiting them.努力擴大就業。認真貫徹執行就業促進法和勞動合同法。堅持實施積極的就業政策，落實以創業帶動就業的方針，加強就業和創業培訓，鼓勵自謀職業和自主創業，支持創辦小型企業。加快建設城鄉統一規范的人力資源市場，完善公共就業服務體系，促進形成城鄉勞動者平等就業制度。

We will strive to expand employment.We will strictly enforce the Employment Promotion Law and the Labor Contract Law.We will continue to follow a vigorous employment policy, adhere to the principle of expanding employment by 43 / 57 2008年中華人民共和國政府工作報告(中英文)

encouraging business startups, strengthen job training and training in how to start a business, encourage people to find jobs on their own or start their own businesses, and support the establishment of small enterprises.We will speed up development of a human resources market with uniform standards for both urban and rural areas, improve the public employment service system, and promote the creation of an employment system that treats urban and rural workers equally.加強高校畢業生就業指導和服務。深化退役軍人安置制度改革。完善就業援助制度，落實促進殘疾人就業政策，建立幫助零就業家庭解決就業困難的長效機制。督促各類企業同勞動者依法簽訂并履行勞動合同。加強勞動爭議處理和勞動保障監察，嚴厲打擊各種非法用工行為。在世界上人口最多的國家解決就業問題，是一項極為艱巨的任務。我們要用百倍的努力，把這項關系民生之本的大事做好.We will strengthen job placement guidance and services for college graduates.We will deepen reform of the job-placement system for people leaving military service.We will improve the aid system for job seekers, carry out policies to find more jobs for people with physical and mental disabilities, and create a permanent mechanism to help zero-employment families find jobs.We will urge all types of enterprises to sign labor contracts with their employees in accordance with the law and abide by them.We will improve the handling of labor disputes and oversight for worker protection measures and severely punish illegal employment practices.Providing adequate employment opportunities in China, which has the largest population in the world, is a daunting challenge.We must redouble our efforts to increase employment, a matter that is crucial to people's well being.增加城鄉居民收入。關鍵要調整國民收入分配格局，深化收入分配制度改革，逐步提高居民收入在國民收入分配中的比重，提高勞動報酬在初次分配中的比重。

We will increase urban and rural incomes.The key is to adjust the distribution of the national income, deepen reform of the income distribution system, gradually raise the proportion of the national income received by individuals and raise labor's of the primary distribution of income.一是多渠道增加農民收入，確保農民工工資按時足額發放，適當提高扶貧的標準。First, we will increase rural incomes through a variety of channels, ensure that rural migrant workers in cities get paid in full and on time, and appropriately increase allowances for the poor population.二是提高企業職工工資的水平，建立企業職工工資正常增長和支付保障機制。推動企業建立工資集體協商制度，完善工資指導線制度，健全并落實最低工資制度。改革國有企業工資總額管理辦法，加強對壟斷行業企業工資監管。

Second, we will raise the wage scale for enterprise employees and create a mechanism to ensure they get regular wage increases and ensure that they are paid regularly.We will urge enterprises to establish a system for collective bargaining for wages, improve the system of wage guidelines, and improve and comply with the minimum wage system.We will reform the method of supervising SOE payroll and strengthen oversight of wages paid by enterprises in monopoly industries.三是從今年1月1日起，再連續三年進一步提高企業退休人員基本養老金水平。

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Third, we will raise the level of basic old-age benefits for retirees from enterprises every year for three years beginning Jan.1 this year.四是深化公務員工資制度改革，繼續做好規范公務員津貼補貼工作。加快推進事業單位收入分配制度改革。

Fourth, we will deepen reform of the salary system for civil servants and continue efforts to standardize their subsidies and allowances.We will accelerate reform of the income distribution system in government-affiliated institutions.五是落實職工帶薪年休假制度。同時要進一步完善消費政策，拓寬服務消費領域，穩定居民消費預期，擴大即期消費。只有把經濟發展的成果合理分配到群眾手中，才能得到廣大群眾的擁護，才能促進社會的和諧穩定.Fifth, we will institute a system of annual paid vacations for employees.In addition, we will further improve consumption policies, broaden the range of services available in the market, stabilize consumer expectations and increase immediate consumption.Only by appropriately spreading the fruits of economic development among the people can we win their support and maintain social harmony and stability.完善社會保障體系。堅持實行廣覆蓋、保基本、多層次、可持續的方針。

We will improve the social safety net.We will follow a policy of expanding the number of people covered, guaranteeing people's basic needs and pursuing multi-level and sustainable development of the system.一要做好社會保險面和基金征繳工作。重點擴大農民工、非公有制經濟組織從業人員、城鎮靈活就業人員參加社會保險。努力解決關閉破產企業退休人員和困難企業職工參加基本醫療保險問題

First, we will expand the number of people covered by the social security system and improve collection of contributions to insurance funds.The focus of efforts will be on extending coverage to more rural migrant workers in cities, employees in the nonpublic sector of the economy and urban residents without fixed employment.Efforts will be made to provide basic medical insurance for retirees from closed or bankrupt enterprises and employees of enterprises with financial difficulties.二要推進社會保險制度改革。完善社會統籌與個人帳戶相結合的企業職工基本養老保險制度，擴大做實養老保險個人帳戶試點，加快省級統籌步伐，制定全國統一的社會保險關系專續辦法。規范發展企業年金制度。探索事業單位基本養老保險制度改革。抓緊制定適合農民工特點的養老保險辦法。鼓勵各地開展農村養老保險試點。加快完善失業、工傷、生育保險制度。

Second, we will push ahead with the reform of the social security system.We will improve the system of basic old-age insurance for enterprise employees, combining contributions from various sources in society with personal employee retirement accounts, and expand the trial of fully funding personal accounts for old-age insurance.In addition, we will accelerate the implementation of overall planning for old-age pensions at the provincial level and work out nationwide rules for transferring social security accounts from one region to another.We will standardize and expand enterprise retirement systems that pay annuities.We will explore ways to reform basic old-age insurance in government-affiliated 45 / 57 2008年中華人民共和國政府工作報告(中英文)

institutions.We will soon work out an old-age insurance system suitable for rural migrant workers in cities, and encourage local governments to carry out experiments with a rural old-age insurance system.We will accelerate improvement in unemployment insurance, workers' compensation and maternity insurance.三要采取多種方式充實社會保障基金，強化資金監管，確保基金安全，實現保值增值。Third, we will finance social security funds in various ways, strengthen their oversight, ensure their security and maintain and increase their value.四要健全社會救助體系。重點完善城鄉居民最低生活保障制度，建立與經濟增長和物價水平相適應的救助標準調整機制。健全臨時救助制度。同時，積極發展社會福利事業。鼓勵和支持慈善事業發展。做好優撫安置工作。加強防災減災救災工作。為加快社會保障體系建設，今年中央財政將安排2762億元，比上年增加458億元。建立和完善覆蓋城鄉的社會保障體系，讓人民生活無后顧之憂，直接關系經濟社會發展，是全面建設小康社會的一項重大任務.Fourth, we will improve the social assistance system.We will focus on improving the systems of basic cost of living allowances for both urban and rural residents and setting up a mechanism for adjusting the level of assistance in line with economic growth and price changes.We will improve the temporary assistance system, vigorously develop social welfare programs and encourage and support the development of charity programs.We will do a good job providing assistance to entitled groups and helping demobilized military personnel return to civilian life.We will improve the work of disaster prevention, reduction and relief.A total of 276.2 billion yuan will be appropriated this year in the central government budget to accelerate development of the social security system, 45.8 billion yuan more than last year.Establishing a sound social safety net for both urban and rural residents to ward off uncertainties for them has a direct impact on economic and social development and is a major task in the effort to build a moderately prosperous society in all respects.抓緊建立住房保障體系。總的指導原則是：

We will promptly establish a system for ensuring housing for people.The general guiding principles for this work are as follows.（1）堅持從我國人多地少的基本國情出發，建立科學、合理的住房建設和消費模式。大力發展省地節能環保型住宅，增加中小套型住房供給，引導居民適度消費。

1)Taking into consideration the fact that China has a large population and relatively little land available for building housing, we need to foster a scientific and rational model for housing development and home ownership.We will vigorously work to build environmentally friendly buildings that conserve energy and land, increase the supply of small and medium-sized condominiums, and guide people to obtain housing they can afford.（2）堅持正確發揮政府和市場的作用，政府主要制定住房規劃和政策，搞好土地合理供應、集約利用和管理，重點發展面向中低收入家庭的住房。高收入家庭的住房需求主要通過市場調節解決。

2)We must ensure that the government and the market both play their due roles.The government's role is mainly to formulate plans and policies for housing 46 / 57 2008年中華人民共和國政府工作報告(中英文)

and ensure that there is an appropriate supply of land, ensure that land is used intensively and oversee land use.Priority will be given to development of housing for low-and middle-income families.Demand for housing among high-income families will be met largely through the market.（3）堅持加強對房地產市場的調控和監管，規范和維護市場秩序，促進房地產業持續穩定健康發展。

3)We need to strengthen regulation and oversight of the real estate market, standardize and maintain order in the market and promote sustained, steady and healthy development of the real estate industry.今年要采取四項措施： The following four measures will be adopted this year: 一要健全廉租住房制度，加快廉租住房建設，增加房源供給，加強經濟適用住房建設和管理，積極解決城市低收入群眾住房困難。

First, we will improve the system of low-rent housing, accelerate construction of low-rent housing, expand the supply of housing, and step up construction and tighten management of affordable housing to ease the housing difficulties of low-income urban residents.今年中央用于廉租住房制度建設的資金68億元，比去年增加17億元；地方各級政府都要增加這方面的投入。同時，要積極改善農民工居住條件。

A total of 6.8 billion yuan will be allocated from the central government budget for the low-rent housing program this year, 1.7 billion yuan more than last year, and local governments will also increase funding in this area.In addition, we will work energetically to improve the living conditions of rural migrant workers in cities.二要增加中低價位、中小套型普通商品住房供應，建立多渠道投融資機制，通過多種途徑幫助中等收入家庭解決住房問題。合理調整城市土地供給結構，增加中小套型住房用地。

Second, we will increase the supply of low-and medium-price, small and medium-sized condominiums, establish a mechanism for making investments and raising funds in various ways, and help middle-income families meet their housing needs through a variety of channels.We will improve the supply structure of urban land to provide more land for building small and medium-sized condominiums.三要綜合運用稅收、信貸、土地等手段，完善住房公積金制度，增加住房有效供給，抑制不合理需求，防止房價過快上漲。

Third, we will use a combination of tax, credit and land supply measures and improve the housing accumulation fund system to increase supply of reasonably priced housing, curb demand for high-end housing and prevent overheating in housing prices.四要加強市場監管，嚴格房地產企業市場準入和退出條件。依法查處閑置囤積土地、房源和炒地炒房行為。同時，要加強農村住房建設規劃和管理，切實解決農村困難群眾住房安全問題。我們要堅定不移地推進住房改革和建設，讓人民群眾安居樂業.Fourth, we will strengthen market oversight and strictly enforce the requirements for market access and the conditions for going out of business for real estate firms.We will investigate attempts to control the land and housing 47 / 57 2008年中華人民共和國政府工作報告(中英文)

market through hoarding and speculation in land and housing and deal with violations in accordance with the law.In addition, we will improve planning and management of rural housing development and the safety of housing for the rural poor.We must unswervingly promote reform of the housing system and construction of housing for the benefit of the people.（七）深化文化體制改革，推動文化大發展大繁榮.7.Deepening the reform of the cultural management system and promoting the vigorous development and enrichment of culture.進一步落實和完善文化體制改革政策措施，推動文化創新，加強文化建設，保障人民基本文化權益，繁榮文化市場，滿足人民日益增長的、多樣的文化需求。堅持用馬克思主義中國化最新成果教育人民，在全社會樹立中國特色社會主義共同理想，大力弘揚以愛國主義為核心的民族精神和以改革創新為核心的時代精神，深入進行社會主義榮辱觀教育。推進和諧文化建設，實施公民道德建設工程，培育文明社會風尚。特別要加強青少年思想道德建設。深入開展文明創建活動。堅持為人民服務、為社會服務的方向，全面貫徹百花齊放、百家爭鳴的方針。發展哲學社會科學。繁榮新聞出版、廣播影視、文學藝術。鼓勵創作優秀精神文化產品.We will further implement and improve the policies and measures to reform the cultural management system, promote cultural innovation, strengthen cultural improvement work, safeguard the basic cultural rights and interests of the people, and promote a flourishing cultural market to meet the people's ever-increasing and varied cultural needs.We will continue to educate the people in the latest advances in adapting Marxism to Chinese conditions, foster a common ideal of socialism with Chinese characteristics among the people, strongly promote a national spirit centered on patriotism and a spirit of the times centered on reform and innovation, and extensively promote education in the socialist concept of honor and disgrace.We will develop a culture of harmony, carry out the program for improving civic morality and foster civilized social conduct.Particular attention will be paid to cultivating ideals and ethics among young people.Extensive campaigns will be launched to encourage civilized behavior.We will maintain the orientation of serving the people and socialism and fully adhere to the principle of letting a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend.We will develop philosophy and the social sciences.We will promote the vigorous development of the press and publishing, radio, film and television, literature and the arts.We will encourage the production of excellent cultural works.加大政府投入力度，加快構建覆蓋全社會的公共文化服務體系，加強公益性文化事業建設，特別是加強社區和鄉村文化設施建設。加快鄉鎮綜合文化站建設。推進全國文化信息共享、廣播電視村村通、農家書屋和農村電影放映工程。具有公益性質的博物館、紀念館和全國愛國主義教育示范基地，今明兩年內全部向社會免費開放。完善文化產業政策，加快文化產業基地和區域性特色文化產業群的建設。加強網絡文化建設和管理。規范文化市場，堅持開展“掃黃打非”。加強民族文化遺產保護。擴大對外文化交流。加強城鄉公共體育設施建設，廣泛開展全民健身活動，不斷提高競技體育水平.We will increase government funding to accelerate development of a system of public cultural services for the whole society and to promote development of basic public benefit cultural programs, particularly the building of more cultural 48 / 57 2008年中華人民共和國政府工作報告(中英文)

facilities in urban communities and villages.We will accelerate development of multipurpose community centers in towns and townships.We will work on the projects to set up a national shared databank of cultural information and resources, extend radio and television coverage to all villages, and set up reading rooms and show movies in rural areas.All public museums, memorial halls and exhibition centers of a nonprofit nature will stop charging admission fees this year or next year.We will improve the policy for developing the culture sector and speed up development of bases for the culture industry and clusters of cultural industries with regional features.We will strengthen efforts to develop and manage Internet culture.We will ensure order in the cultural market and continue to combat pornography and illegal publications.We will strengthen protection of our national cultural heritage.We will expand cultural exchanges with other countries.We will step up development of public sports facilities in both urban and rural areas, launch extensive public fitness programs and raise the level of competitive sports.2008年奧運會和殘奧會即將在北京舉辦。這是全體中華兒女的共同期盼，對于促進我國經濟社會發展、增進中國人民同世界各國人民的友誼與合作，具有重要意義。要扎實做好各項籌備和組織工作，加強國際合作，創造良好環境，確保成功舉辦一屆有特色、高水平的體育盛會.The 2008 Olympics and Paralympics will be held in Beijing.All sons and daughters of the Chinese nation are looking forward to them, and they will be of great importance in promoting China's economic and social development and increasing friendship and cooperation between Chinese people and the peoples of other countries.We will prepare for and organize the Games well, strengthen cooperation with the international community, and create an excellent environment to ensure that the Games are a unique, well-run sporting event.（八）加強社會主義民主法制建設，促進社會公平正義.8.Stepping up development of socialist democracy and the socialist legal system and promoting social fairness and justice.深化政治體制改革，發展社會主義政治文明。擴大人民民主，健全民主制度，豐富民主形式，拓寬民主渠道，依法實行民主選舉、民主決策、民主管理、民主監督，保障人民的知情權、參與權、表達權、監督權。發展基層民主，完善基層群眾自治制度，擴大基層群眾自治范圍，推動城鄉社區建設，深入推進政務公開、村務公開、廠務公開。發揮社會組織在擴大群眾參與、反映群眾訴求方面的積極作用，增強社會自治功能.We will deepen reform of political institutions and advance socialist political standards.We will expand people's democracy, improve democratic institutions, diversify its forms and expand its channels, and we will carry out democratic elections, decision-making, administration and oversight in accordance with the law to ensure the people's rights to stay informed about, to participate in, to express views on, and to oversee government affairs.We will develop democracy at the community level, improve the system of governance by the people at the community level, expand the scope of their autonomy, strengthen urban and rural communities, and make the running of governments, villages and factories more transparent.We will bring into play the positive role of civic organizations in 49 / 57 2008年中華人民共和國政府工作報告(中英文)

expanding public participation in government affairs and voicing the concerns of the people to improve the ability of society to govern itself.全面落實依法治國基本方略。加強政府立法，提高立法質量。今年要重點加強改善民生、推進社會建設、節約能源資源、保護生態環境等方面的立法。政府立法工作要廣泛聽取意見。制定與群眾利益密切相關的行政法規、規章，原則上都要公布草案，向社會公開征求意見。合理界定和調整行政法規執法權限，強化行政執法監督，全面落實行政執法責任制。健全市縣政府依法行政制度。

We will fully adhere to the rule of law as a fundamental principle.We will step up the drafting of proposed legislation by the government and improve the quality of such legislation.The drafting of such legislation this year will focus on improving people's lives, promoting social development, conserving energy and resources, and protecting the ecosystem.In the course of doing so, we need to seek views from many sources.In principle, we will release drafts to the public to solicit their opinions when formulating all administrative rules and regulations that bear on the interests of the people.We will appropriately delineate and adjust the powers and duties of administrative law enforcement agencies, and strengthen oversight and fully implement the responsibility system for administrative law enforcement.We will improve the system of government administration in accordance with the law at the municipal and county levels.加強對行政收費的規范管理，改革和完善司法、執法的財政保障機制。加強法規、規章和規范性文件的備案審查工作。健全行政復議體制，完善行政補償和行政賠償制度。做好法律服務和法律援助工作。深入開展法制宣傳教育，在全社會形成自覺守法用法的良好氛圍.We will ensure that administrative charges are collected in a standardized way and reform and improve the mechanism for ensuring adequate funding for the judicial system and for law enforcement.We will improve the filing and inspection procedures for laws, rules, regulations and regulatory documents.Systems of administrative review and administrative compensation and reparation will be improved.We will ensure that people have adequate access to legal services and assistance.We will increase publicity and education concerning the law in order to create a good social environment in which the people conscientiously study, abide by and apply the law.完善社會管理。加強社會組織建設，健全基層社會管理體制。做好解放工作，完善信訪制度。健全社會矛盾調解機制，妥善處理人民內部矛盾，維護群眾合法權益。完善社會治安防控體系，加強社會治安綜合治理，開如伸展平安創建活動。改革和加強城鄉社區警務構成，加強流動人口服務和管理。集中整治突出的治安問題和治安混亂地區，依法防范和打擊違法犯罪活動，保障人民生命財產安全，確保社會大局穩定。加強國家安全工作。

We will improve public administration.We will increase efforts to improve civic organizations and improve the system of public administration at the community level.We will do a good job handling complaints in the form of letters and visits from the public and improve the system for handling complaints.We will improve the mechanism for mediating social tensions and properly handle problems among the people to protect their legitimate rights and interests.We will improve the public security system for the prevention and control of crime, 50 / 57