第一篇：2016年政府工作報告(中英文)

政府工作報告

Report on the Work of the Government

——2016年3月5日在第十二屆全國人民代表大會第四次會議上

– Delivered at the Fourth Session of the 12th National People’s Congress of the People’s Republic of

China on March 5, 2016

國務院總理

李克強

Li Keqiang, Premier of the State Council

各位代表：

Esteemed Deputies,現在，我代表國務院，向大會報告政府工作，請予審議，并請全國政協各位委員提出意見。

On behalf of the State Council, I will now report to you on the work of the government for your deliberation and approval.I invite comments on my report from the members of the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference(CPPCC).一、2015年工作回顧

過去一年，我國發展面臨多重困難和嚴峻挑戰。在以習近平同志為核心的黨中央堅強領導下，全國各族人民以堅定的信心和非凡的勇氣，攻堅克難，開拓進取，經濟社會發展穩中有進、穩中有好，完成了全年主要目標任務，改革開放和社會主義現代化建設取得新的重大成就。

Let me start with a review of the work we did in 2015.In the past year, China has encountered many difficulties and challenges in its development.However, under the leadership of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China(CPC)headed by General Secretary Xi Jinping, and with confidence and courage, all the people of China have worked to overcome obstacles and have pressed ahead with a pioneering spirit.As a result, progress has been achieved and stability ensured in economic and social development, the main tasks and targets for the year have been fulfilled, and major achievements have been made in reform, opening up, and socialist modernization.——經濟運行保持在合理區間。國內生產總值達到67.7萬億元，增長6.9%，在世界主要經濟體中位居前列。糧食產量實現“十二連增”，居民消費價格漲幅保持較低水平。特別是就業形勢總體穩定，城鎮新增就業1312萬人，超過全年預期目標，成為經濟運行的一大亮點。

– The economy operated within an appropriate range.GDP reached 67.7 trillion yuan, representing an increase of 6.9% over the previous year-a growth rate faster than that of most other major economies.Food crop production increased for the 12th year in a row.Consumer prices grew slowly.Of particular note, the employment situation overall remained stable, with 13.12 million new urban jobs created over the course of the year, surpassing the year’s target and becoming an economic highlight.——結構調整取得積極進展。服務業在國內生產總值中的比重上升到50.5%，首次占據“半壁江山”。消費對經濟增長的貢獻率達到66.4%。高技術產業和裝備制造業增速快于一般工業。單位國內生產總值能耗下降5.6%。

– Encouraging progress was made in structural adjustment.The service sector as a proportion of GDP rose to 50.5%, accounting for more than half for the first time.The contribution of consumption toward economic growth reached 66.4%.High-tech industries and equipment manufacturing grew faster than other industries.Energy consumption per unit of GDP fell by 5.6%.——發展新動能加快成長。創新驅動發展戰略持續推進，互聯網與各行業加速融合，新興產業快速增長。大眾創業、萬眾創新蓬勃發展，全年新登記注冊企業增長21.6%，平均每天新增1.2萬戶。新動能對穩就業、促升級發揮了突出作用，正在推動經濟社會發生深刻變革。

– New driving forces for development grew rapidly.Further progress was made in implementing the strategy of innovation-driven development, the penetration of the Internet into all industries picked up pace, and emerging industries grew rapidly.Business startups and innovations by the general public flourished, with the number of newly registered businesses rising by 21.6% in 2015, or an average of 12,000 new businesses per day.New driving forces played a major role in keeping employment stable and pushing ahead industry upgrading, and are now driving profound economic and social change in China.——人民生活進一步改善。全國居民人均可支配收入實際增長7.4%，快于經濟增速。去年末居民儲蓄存款余額增長8.5%，新增4萬多億元。又解決6434萬農村人口飲水安全問題。扶貧攻堅力度加大，農村貧困人口減少1442萬人。

– Living standards improved.Personal per capita disposable income increased by 7.4% in real terms, overtaking the growth rate of the economy.By the end of last year, personal savings deposits had risen by 8.5%, an increase of more than four trillion yuan.In rural areas, another 64.34 million people gained access to safe drinking water and greater alleviation efforts reduced the number of people living in poverty by 14.42 million.科技領域一批創新成果達到國際先進水平，第三代核電技術取得重大進展，國產C919大型客機總裝下線，屠呦呦獲得諾貝爾生理學或醫學獎。對我國發展取得的成就，全國各族人民倍感振奮和自豪！

A number of world-class innovations were made in science and technology.Major headway was made in the development of 3G nuclear power technology, China’s self-developed C919 large jetliner rolled off the assembly line, and Tu Youyou was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine.回顧過去一年，成績來之不易。這些成績，是在極為復雜嚴峻的國際環境中取得的。去年世界經濟增速為6年來最低，國際貿易增速更低，大宗商品價格深度下跌，國際金融市場震蕩加劇，對我國經濟造成直接沖擊和影響。這些成績，是在國內深層次矛盾凸顯、經濟下行壓力加大的情況下取得的。面對“三期疊加”的局面，經濟工作遇到不少兩難甚至多難問題，需要遠近結合，趨利避害，有效應對。這些成績，是在我國經濟總量超過60萬億元的高基數上取得的。現在國內生產總值每增長1個百分點的增量，相當于5年前1.5個百分點、10年前2.5個百分點的增量。經濟規模越大，增長難度隨之增加。在困難和壓力面前，全國各族人民付出了極大辛勞，一步一步走了過來。這再次表明，任何艱難險阻都擋不住中國發展前行的步伐！

These achievements in China’s development, a source of pride and motivation for our people, did not come easily.They were made in the context of an extremely complicated and challenging international environment.In 2015, world economic growth fell to its lowest rate in six years, growth in international trade slowed, commodity prices plummeted, and there was growing volatility in the global financial market.All this had a direct impact on China’s economy.They were made at the same time as deep-seated domestic problems were becoming prominent and downward pressure on the economy was mounting.While dealing with the slowdown in economic growth, making difficult structural adjustments, and absorbing the effects of previous economic stimulus policies, China was also confronted with many difficult problems and choices in the running of the economy, and this called for effective responses based on the need both to combine long-term and short-term considerations and to seek benefit and avoid harm.Finally, they were made at a time when China’s economic output had exceeded 60 trillion yuan.Every percentage point of GDP growth today is equivalent to 1.5 percentage points of growth five years ago or 2.5 percentage points of growth ten years ago.The larger the economy grows, the greater the difficulty of achieving growth.In the face of these difficulties and pressures, all our people have truly exerted themselves and progressed step by step to get us where we are today.This once again demonstrates that no difficulty or hardship will ever stop China from moving forward.一年來，我們主要做了以下工作：

I will now move on to discuss the main work we did last year:

一是著力穩增長調結構防風險，創新宏觀調控方式。為應對持續加大的經濟下行壓力，我們在區間調控基礎上，實施定向調控和相機調控。積極的財政政策注重加力增效，擴大結構性減稅范圍，實行普遍性降費，盤活財政存量資金。發行地方政府債券置換存量債務3.2萬億元，降低利息負擔約2000億元，減輕了地方政府償債壓力。穩健的貨幣政策注重松緊適度，多次降息降準，改革存貸比管理，創新貨幣政策工具，加大對實體經濟支持力度。擴大有效投資，設立專項基金，加強水利、城鎮棚戶區和農村危房改造、中西部鐵路和公路等薄弱環節建設。實施重點領域消費促進工程，城鄉居民旅游、網購、信息消費等快速增長。去年還積極應對股市、匯市異常波動等金融領域的多種風險挑戰，守住了不發生系統性區域性風險的底線，維護了國家經濟金融安全。

First, we maintained stable growth, made structural adjustments, guarded against risks, and developed new ways of conducting macro regulation.In responding to the mounting downward pressure on the economy, we exercised targeted and well-timed regulation on the basis of range-based regulation.We adopted proactive fiscal policy that focused on increasing intensity and efficacy by expanding the scope of structural tax reductions, reducing fees across the board, and putting dormant budgetary funds to good use.Local government bonds issued to replace outstanding debt reached 3.2 trillion yuan, lessening the interest payment burden of local governments by approximately 200 billion yuan while also reducing their debt repayment pressure.We pursued prudent monetary policy with an appropriate amount of intensity, making several cuts to interest rates and required reserve ratios, reforming management of the loan-to-deposit ratio, creating new monetary policy tools, and increasing support for the real economy.Effective investment increased, special-purpose funds were established, and development was strengthened in areas in need of attention, including water conservancy, rundown urban areas and dilapidated rural housing, and railways and highways in the central and western regions.Consumer spending was promoted in key areas, spurring rapid growth in spending on recreational travel, online shopping, and information goods and services.In 2015, we also responded proactively to a variety of risks and challenges in the financial sector, such as unusual fluctuations in the stock market and the foreign exchange market, ensuring that no systemic or regional threats arose, thus safeguarding China’s economic and financial security.二是圍繞激發市場活力，加大改革開放力度。我們不搞“大水漫灌”式的強刺激，而是持續推動結構性改革。深入推進簡政放權、放管結合、優化服務改革。取消和下放311項行政審批事項，取消123項職業資格許可和認定事項，徹底終結了非行政許可審批。工商登記前置審批精簡85%，全面實施三證合一、一照一碼。加強事中事后監管，優化公共服務流程。群眾和企業辦事更加方便，全社會創業創新熱情日益高漲。

Second, we intensified reform and opening up to invigorate the market.Rather than adopting strong stimulus policies that would have an economy-wide impact, we continued to move forward with structural reform.We intensified reform to streamline administration, delegate more powers, improve regulation, and provide better services.We delegated the power or cancelled the requirement for government review for 311 items, cancelled the requirement for verification or approval for 123 professional qualifications, and put a complete stop to the practice of non-administrative review.The number of items which require government approval for new businesses prior to registration was cut by 85%, and the system of a separate business license, organization code certificate, and taxation registration certificate was replaced by a unified business license with a unified social credit code.Both operational and post-operational oversight over businesses were strengthened, and public service procedures were improved.Government-related procedures for individuals and businesses were made much simpler, such that enthusiasm for stepping out into business and making innovations is rising by the day.財稅金融等重點改革深入推進。中央對地方專項轉移支付項目減少三分之一，一般性轉移支付規模增加。營改增穩步實施，資源稅從價計征范圍擴大。取消存款利率浮動上限，推出存款保險制度，建立人民幣跨境支付系統。價格改革力度加大，中央政府定價項目減少80%，地方政府定價項目減少一半以上。國有企業、農村、投融資、生態文明等領域改革有序推進，全面深化改革的成效正在顯現。

Fiscal, tax, financial, and other key reforms were deepened.The central government cut, by one third, the number of items for which special transfer payments are permitted, while scaling up its general transfer payments.Steady progress was made in replacing business tax with VAT.Ad valorem taxation was extended to cover more types of resource taxes.The upper limit of the floating band on deposit rates was removed, the deposit insurance system was introduced, and the RMB cross-border payment system was established.Pricing reform was intensified, with the number of central government set prices reduced by 80% and the number of local government set prices cut by more than 50%.We carried out state-owned enterprise(SOE)reforms, rural reforms, and investment and financing reforms, ecological management reforms, and others.Efforts to intensify reform in all respects are beginning to deliver results.堅持以開放促改革促發展。努力穩定對外貿易，調整出口退稅負擔機制，清理規范進出口環節收費，提高貿易便利化水平，出口結構發生積極變化。外商投資限制性條目減少一半，95%以上實行備案管理，實際使用外資1263億美元，增長5.6%。非金融類對外直接投資1180億美元，增長14.7%。推廣上海自貿試驗區經驗，新設廣東、天津、福建自貿試驗區。人民幣加入國際貨幣基金組織特別提款權貨幣籃子。亞洲基礎設施投資銀行正式成立，絲路基金投入運營。簽署中韓、中澳自貿協定和中國－東盟自貿區升級議定書?！耙粠б宦贰苯ㄔO成效顯現，國際產能合作步伐加快，高鐵、核電等中國裝備走出去取得突破性進展。

Momentum was created for reform and development through opening up.We worked hard to keep foreign trade stable by adjusting the mechanism for sharing the cost of export tax rebates between the central and local governments, overhauling and regulating charges for imports and exports, increasing trade facilitation, and making changes to the export mix.The number of restrictions on overseas investment in China was cut by 50%, and over 95% of overseas-funded projects may now be undertaken on a simple reporting basis.China utilized US$126.3 billion of overseas investment, an increase of 5.6%.Non-financial outward foreign direct investment reached $118 billion, up 14.7%.Pilot free trade zones were established in Guangdong, Tianjin, and Fujian based on the model of the China(Shanghai)Pilot Free Trade Zone.The RMB was included in the IMF’s Special Drawing Rights basket.The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank was officially inaugurated, and the Silk Road Fund opened for business.China signed free trade agreements with the Republic of Korea and Australia, respectively, and signed the Protocol to Amend the Framework Agreement on Comprehensive Economic Cooperation between China and ASEAN.Progress was made in the Silk Road Economic Belt and 21st Century Maritime Silk Road Initiative(the Belt and Road Initiative), the pace of our industrial-capacity cooperation with other countries was stepped up, and breakthroughs were made in China’s export of high-speed railway and nuclear power equipment.三是聚焦提質增效，推動產業創新升級。制定實施創新驅動發展戰略綱要和意見，出臺推動大眾創業、萬眾創新政策舉措，落實“互聯網+”行動計劃，增強經濟發展新動力。一大批創客走上創業創新之路。完善農業支持政策，促進農業發展方式加快轉變。針對工業增速下降、企業效益下滑，我們一手抓新興產業培育，一手抓傳統產業改造提升。啟動實施《中國制造2025》，設立國家新興產業創業投資引導基金、中小企業發展基金，擴大國家自主創新示范區。積極化解過剩產能，推進企業兼并重組。近三年淘汰落后煉鋼煉鐵產能9000多萬噸、水泥2.3億噸、平板玻璃7600多萬重量箱、電解鋁100多萬噸。促進生產性、生活性服務業加快發展。狠抓節能減排和環境保護，各項約束性指標超額完成。公布自主減排行動目標，推動國際氣候變化談判取得積極成果。

Third, we worked to promote industrial innovation and upgrading to improve economic performance.To strengthen the new growth engines, an innovation-driven development plan was adopted along with guidelines on its implementation, policies and measures were introduced to encourage public participation in starting businesses and making innovations, and the Internet Plus action plan was implemented.A great number of makers started businesses and made innovations.Improvements were made to policies in support of agriculture to promote transformation of the agricultural growth model.In addressing the decline in industrial growth and the downward slide incorporate performance, we worked to foster new industries and upgrade traditional ones.We launched the Made in China 2025 initiative to upgrade manufacturing, set up government funds to encourage investment in emerging industries and to develop small and medium-sized enterprises, and established more national innovation demonstration zones.We cut overcapacity and encouraged business acquisitions and restructuring.Cuts made in outdated production capacity over the past three years have included over 90 million metric tons of steel and iron, 230 million metric tons of cement, over 76 million weight cases of plate glass, and more than one million metric tons of electrolytic aluminum.The development of production-and consumer-oriented service industries picked up momentum.We took serious measures to conserve energy, reduce emissions, and protect the environment, exceeding obligatory targets.We released self-imposed emissions reduction targets and contributed to the positive outcomes of international negotiations on climate change.四是著眼開拓發展空間，促進區域協調發展和新型城鎮化。繼續推動東、中、西、東北地區“四大板塊”協調發展，重點推進“一帶一路”建設、京津冀協同發展、長江經濟帶發展“三大戰略”，在基礎設施、產業布局、生態環保等方面實施一批重大工程。制定實施促進西藏和四省藏區、新疆發展的政策措施。推進戶籍制度改革，出臺居住證制度，加強城鎮基礎設施建設，新型城鎮化取得新成效。

Fourth, we promoted coordinated development between regions and the new type of urbanization to expand development space.Work continued to promote the coordinated development of the eastern region, the central region, the western region, and the northeast;priority was placed on moving forward with the Three Initiatives – the Belt and Road Initiative, theBeijing-Tianjin-Hebei Integration Initiative, and the Yangtze Economic Belt Initiative.A number of major projects were also launched to develop infrastructure, improve the distribution of industries, and achieve ecological and environmental conservation.Policies and measures were introduced to promote the development of Tibet, Xinjiang, and Tibetan ethnic areas in the provinces of Sichuan, Yunnan, Gansu, and Qinghai.We pressed ahead with the reform of the household registration system, adopted a residence certification system, and stepped up the development of urban infrastructure, making progress in developing new urbanization.五是緊扣增進民生福祉，推動社會事業改革發展。在財力緊張情況下，保障民生力度繼續加大。推出新的政策，重點解決高校畢業生和就業困難群體的就業創業問題。城鎮保障性安居工程住房基本建成772萬套，棚戶區住房改造開工601萬套，農村危房改造432萬戶，一大批住房困難家庭圓了安居夢。加快改善貧困地區義務教育薄弱學校辦學條件，深化中小學教師職稱制度改革，重點高校招收貧困地區農村學生人數又增長10.5%。全面推開縣級公立醫院綜合改革，拓展居民大病保險，建立重特大疾病醫療救助制度、困難殘疾人生活補貼和重度殘疾人護理補貼制度。提高低保、優撫、企業退休人員基本養老金等標準，推行機關事業單位養老保險制度改革并完善工資制度。加強基本公共文化服務建設。廣大人民群眾有了更多獲得感。

Fifth, we promoted the reform and development of social programs to improve living standards.Despite fiscal constraints, we continued to intensify efforts to help ensure the wellbeing of our people.New policies were launched to create jobs and business startup opportunities for college graduates and those with difficulties finding employment.Over the course of the year, 7.72 million government-subsidized housing units were basically completed in urban areas, work started on the reconstruction of 6.01 million housing units in rundown urban areas, and 4.32 million dilapidated houses in rural areas were rebuilt, helping large numbers of families that are struggling with housing realize their dream of having a home to settle in.We moved more quickly to improve conditions in badly built and poorly operated schools providing compulsory education in poor areas, deepened the reform of the professional title system for elementary and secondary school teachers, and increased the number of students from poor rural areas who were enrolled in key institutions of higher learning by a further 10.5%.Comprehensive reform was carried out in all public hospitals at the county level, the coverage of the serious disease insurance scheme was extended to more rural and non-working urban residents, a system of assistance for treating major and serious diseases was put in place, and a system for providing living allowances for people with disabilities who are in need and for granting nursing care subsidies to persons with severe disabilities was established.We increased subsistence allowances, benefits for entitled groups, and basic pension benefits for enterprise retirees, implemented the reform of the pension system for employees of Party and government offices and public institutions, and improved their wage system.Efforts to develop basic public cultural services were also intensified.All of this has resulted in a stronger sense of benefit in society.六是促進社會和諧穩定，推動依法行政和治理方式創新。國務院提請全國人大常委會審議法律議案11件，制定修訂行政法規8部。政務公開加快推進，推廣電子政務和網上辦事。建立重大政策落實督查問責機制，開展第三方評估。有效應對自然災害和突發事件。加強安全生產監管，事故總量和重特大事故、重點行業事故數量繼續下降。推進食品安全創建示范行動。強化社會治安綜合治理，依法打擊各類違法犯罪活動，有力維護了公共安全。

Sixth, we developed new ways of conducting law-based administration and governance to promote social harmony and stability.The State Council submitted 11 legislative proposals to the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress and enacted or revised eight sets of administrative regulations.Efforts were accelerated to increase government transparency and expand the application of e-government and online administration.We set up a mechanism to inspect and establish accountability for the implementation of major government policies and introduced third-party evaluations.We responded effectively to natural disasters and emergencies.Efforts were stepped up to ensure workplace safety;as a result, we have seen a continued reduction in the number of total accidents, including the number of accidents of a serious or large-scale nature as well as those in industries where accidents tend to be more common.We moved ahead with the demonstration initiative to ensure food safety.We strengthened all-round efforts to maintain law and order and cracked down on crimes in accordance with the law to safeguard public security.我們深入開展“三嚴三實”專題教育，鍥而不舍落實黨中央八項規定精神，堅決糾正“四風”，嚴格執行國務院“約法三章”。加強行政監察和審計監督。大力推進黨風廉政建設和反腐敗斗爭，一批腐敗分子受到懲處。

The campaign to build understanding of the Three Stricts and Three Honests* was intensified, the CPC Central Committee’s eight-point decision on improving Party and government conduct continued to be implemented, action was taken against formalism, bureaucratism, hedonism, and extravagance, and rigorous efforts were made to carry out the State Council’s three-point decision on curbing government spending.Administrative supervision and oversight through auditing were strengthened.We stepped up efforts to improve Party conduct and government integrity and fight corruption, and brought a number of offenders to justice.Note:

*To be strict with oneself in practicing self-cultivation, using power, and exercising self-discipline;and to be honest in one’s thinking, one’s work, and one’s behavior.我們隆重紀念中國人民抗日戰爭暨世界反法西斯戰爭勝利70周年，集中宣示了我國作為世界反法西斯戰爭東方主戰場的歷史地位和重大貢獻，彰顯了中國人民同各國人民共護和平、共守正義的堅定信念！

We marked the 70th anniversary of the victory in the Chinese People’s War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the Global War against Fascism.This anniversary was a reminder of China’s place in history as the main theater in the East during the Global War against Fascism and its major contribution to the war effort.The Chinese people marked this occasion to demonstrate their dedication to safeguarding peace and upholding justice together with other peoples.一年來，全方位外交成果豐碩。習近平主席等國家領導人出訪多國，出席聯合國系列峰會、二十國集團領導人峰會、亞太經合組織領導人非正式會議、氣候變化大會、東亞合作領導人系列會議、世界經濟論壇等重大活動。成功舉行中非合作論壇峰會、中歐領導人會晤，啟動中拉論壇。同主要大國關系取得新進展，同周邊國家務實合作深入推進，同發展中國家友好合作不斷拓展，同聯合國等國際組織和國際機制的關系全面加強，經濟外交、人文交流卓有成效。中國作為負責任大國，在國際和地區事務中發揮了重要的建設性作用。

Over the past year, China’s all-round diplomacy has delivered fruitful outcomes.President Xi Jinping and other Chinese leaders have visited many countries and attended international events including the United Nations summits, the G20 Leaders’ Summit, the 23rd APEC Economic Leaders Meeting, the 21st Session of the Conference of the Parties to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, the East Asian leaders’ meetings on cooperation, and the World Economic Forum annual meeting 2016.The Summit of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation and the China-EU Leaders’ Meeting were held, and the China and the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States(CELAC)Forum was inaugurated.Fresh progress was made in China’s relations with other major countries;pragmatic cooperation with neighboring countries was strengthened;friendship and cooperation with other developing countries grew;relations with the United Nations and other international organizations and mechanisms were strengthened in all areas;and notable achievements were made in economic diplomacy and cultural exchanges.As a responsible major country, China played an important constructive role in international and regional affairs.各位代表！

Esteemed Deputies,過去一年取得的成績，是以習近平同志為核心的黨中央統攬全局、科學決策的結果，是全黨全軍全國各族人民齊心協力、頑強拼搏的結果。我代表國務院，向全國各族人民，向各民主黨派、各人民團體和各界人士，表示誠摯感謝！向香港特別行政區同胞、澳門特別行政區同胞、臺灣同胞和海外僑胞，表示誠摯感謝！向關心和支持中國現代化建設事業的各國政府、國際組織和各國朋友，表示誠摯感謝！

We owe these achievements to the sound overall decisions made by the CPC Central Committee headed by General Secretary Xi Jinping, and to the concerted and determined efforts of all members of the Party, all members of the armed forces, and all the people of China.On behalf of the State Council, I wish to express our sincere gratitude to the people of all ethnic groups in China including public figures from all sectors of society and to the other parties and the people’s organizations.I express our heartfelt appreciation to our fellow countrymen and women in the Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions and in Taiwan, and to Chinese nationals overseas.I also wish to express our sincere thanks to the governments, international organizations, and friends from all over the world who have shown understanding and support for China in her endeavor to modernize.在充分肯定去年成績的同時，我們也清醒看到，我國發展中還存在不少困難和問題。受全球貿易萎縮等因素影響，去年我國進出口總額出現下降，預期增長目標未能實現。投資增長乏力，一些行業產能過剩嚴重，部分企業生產經營困難，地區和行業走勢分化，財政收支矛盾突出，資本市場基礎性制度還不完善，金融等領域存在風險隱患。人民群眾關心的醫療、教育、養老、食品藥品安全、收入分配、城市管理等方面問題較多，環境污染形勢仍很嚴峻，嚴重霧霾天氣在一些地區時有發生。特別令人痛心的是，去年發生了“東方之星”號客輪翻沉事件和天津港特別重大火災爆炸等事故，人員傷亡和財產損失慘重，教訓極其深刻，必須認真汲取。政府工作還存在不足，有些改革和政策措施落實不到位，少數干部不作為、不會為、亂作為，一些領域的不正之風和腐敗問題不容忽視。我們要進一步增強憂患意識和擔當意識，下更大力氣解決這些問題，始終以民之所望為施政所向，盡心竭力做好政府工作，決不辜負人民重托。

While recognizing our achievements, we are also keenly aware that our country is still confronted with many difficulties and problems in pursuing development.With the decline in global trade, amongst other factors, China experienced a fall in its total imports and exports and failed to reach its growth objective in this regard.Growth in investment is sluggish, overcapacity is a serious problem in certain industries, some enterprises are facing difficulties in production and operations, growth prospects are mixed for different regions and different industries, notable imbalances exist between government revenue and expenditures, the basic institutions for the capital market still need to be improved, and there are latent risks in the financial and other sectors.There are many problems in medical care, education, elderly care, food and medicine safety, income distribution, and urban management that are of concern to the people.The situation remains grave when it comes to environmental pollution, and some regions are frequently hit by severe smog.Particularly distressing, last year saw the sinking of the cruise ship Oriental Star on the Yangtze and the massive explosion in Tianjin Port.The deaths and injuries and the damage and loss of property from these incidents were devastating, and the profound lessons these incidents have taught us should never be forgotten.There are still inadequacies in the work of the government.Some reforms, policies, and measures have not been fully implemented;a small number of government employees either do not or are unable to fulfill their duties, or behave irresponsibly;and the corruption and misconduct in some sectors cannot be ignored.We must be more mindful of the difficulties ahead, more ready to assume responsibility, and more hardworking in ensuring these problems are solved.The wishes of the people should always determine the aim of our governance;we must do our utmost to deliver a strong performance in our work and never fail to live up to the great trust the people have placed in us.各位代表！

Esteemed Deputies,2015年是“十二五”收官之年。過去五年，我國發展成就舉世矚目。黨的十八大以來，在以習近平同志為核心的黨中央堅強領導下，面對錯綜復雜的國際環境和艱巨繁重的國內改革發展穩定任務，我們繼續堅持穩中求進工作總基調，深化改革開放，實施一系列利當前、惠長遠的重大舉措，“十二五”規劃確定的主要目標任務全面完成。一是經濟持續較快發展。國內生產總值年均增長7.8%，經濟總量穩居世界第二位，成為全球第一貨物貿易大國和主要對外投資大國。二是結構調整取得標志性進展。服務業成為第一大產業，工業化與信息化融合加深，農業綜合生產能力明顯增強。消費成為支撐經濟增長的主要力量。超過一半人口居住在城鎮。單位國內生產總值能耗下降18.2%，主要污染物排放量減少12%以上。三是基礎設施水平全面躍升。鐵路營業里程達到12.1萬公里，其中高速鐵路超過1.9萬公里，占世界60%以上。高速公路通車里程超過12萬公里。南水北調東、中線工程通水。建成全球最大的第四代移動通信網絡。四是科技創新實現重大突破。量子通信、中微子振蕩、高溫鐵基超導等基礎研究取得一批原創性成果，載人航天、探月工程、深海探測等項目達到世界先進水平。五是人民生活水平顯著提高。居民收入增長快于經濟增長，城鄉收入差距持續縮小。城鎮新增就業人數超過6400萬人。城鎮保障性安居工程住房建設4013萬套，上億群眾喜遷新居。農村貧困人口減少1億多，解決3億多農村人口飲水安全問題。六是社會發展成就斐然。教育公平和質量明顯提升?；踞t療保險實現全覆蓋，基本養老保險參保率超過80%。文化軟實力持續提升。依法治國全面推進。中國特色軍事變革成就顯著。經過五年努力，我國經濟實力、科技實力、國防實力、國際影響力又上了一個大臺階。

The period covered by the 12th Five-Year Plan came to a close in 2015.During the past five years, impressive achievements were made in China’s development.Since the 18th CPC National Congress in 2012, we have found ourselves in a complicated international environment, and we have faced the challenging tasks of carrying out reform and development and maintaining stability at home.However, under the guidance of the CPC Central Committee headed by General Secretary Xi Jinping, we have continued our commitment to the general principle of making progress while working to keep performance stable, deepened reform and opening up, and adopted a series of major measures that should deliver both immediate and long-term benefits.As a result, we successfully fulfilled all the main tasks and targets set out in the 12th Five-Year Plan.First, a high rate of economic development was maintained.During this period, China’s GDP grew at an average annual rate of 7.8%.This growth enabled China to comfortably maintain its position as the world’s second-largest economy, and become the largest trading nation in terms of goods as well as a major outbound investor.Second, milestone progress was achieved in structural adjustments.Service industries have grown to be the largest economic sector, information technology has been further integrated into industrialization, and overall agricultural production capacity has notably improved.Consumption has become a major driver of growth.Over half of China’s population now resides in urban areas.Energy consumption per unit of GDP has dropped by 18.2%, and the emissions of major pollutants have been cut by over 12%.Third, across-the-board improvements were made in infrastructure.The length of railways in service reached 121,000 kilometers, of which more than 19,000 kilometers are high-speed rail lines-more than 60% of the world’s total.The length of expressways open to traffic exceeded 120,000 kilometers, the eastern and middle routes of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project were put into operation, and the world’s largest 4G mobile network was built in China.Fourth, significant breakthroughs were made in scientific and technological innovation.Original achievements were made in quantum communications, neutrino oscillation, and iron-based high-temperature superconductivity through basic research.World-class advances were made in manned spaceflight, the lunar exploration program, and deep-water exploration.Fifth, living standards improved significantly.Personal income increased faster than economic growth, and the urban-rural income gap was narrowed.Over 64 million urban jobs were created.Government subsidies were used to build 40.13 million housing units in urban areas, providing new homes for around 100 million people.The number of rural residents living in poverty was cut by more than 100 million, and over 300 million rural residents gained access to safe drinking water.Sixth, notable achievements were made in social development.Significant progress was made in ensuring equal access to education, and the quality of education markedly improved.Basic health insurance was expanded to achieve complete coverage, and participation in basic pension plans exceeded 80% of the whole population.China’s soft power continued to grow.The rule of law was advanced in all respects.Significant achievements were made in the military revolution with Chinese characteristics.Over the past five years, China’s economic strength, scientific and technological capabilities, defense capabilities, and international influence have all been strengthened considerably.The achievements attained during the period of the 12th Five-Year Plan fully demonstrate the strength of socialism with Chinese characteristics and the creativity of the Chinese people.The Chinese people can derive great confidence and a strengthened sense of unity from these achievements, drawing on them to forge ahead on this new leg of the journey toward realizing the Two Centenary Goals.*

Note:

* To finish building a moderately prosperous society in all respects by the time the CPC celebrates its centenary in 2021 and to turn the People’s Republic of China into a modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced, and harmonious by the time it celebrates its centenary in 2049.“十二五”時期的輝煌成就，充分顯示了中國特色社會主義的巨大優越性，集中展現了中國人民的無窮創造力，極大增強了中華民族的自信心和凝聚力，必將激勵全國各族人民在實現“兩個一百年”奮斗目標的新征程上奮力前行！

The achievements attained during the period of the 12th Five-Year Plan fully demonstrate the strength of socialism with Chinese characteristics and the creativity of the Chinese people.The Chinese people can derive great confidence and a strengthened sense of unity from these achievements, drawing on them to forge ahead on this new leg of the journey toward realizing the Two Centenary Goals.*

Note:

* To finish building a moderately prosperous society in all respects by the time the CPC celebrates its centenary in 2021 and to turn the People’s Republic of China into a modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced, and harmonious by the time it celebrates its centenary in 2049.二、“十三五”時期主要目標任務和重大舉措

Let me now brief you on the main targets, tasks, and measures for the period of the 13th Five-Year Plan from 2016through 2020.根據《中共中央關于制定國民經濟和社會發展第十三個五年規劃的建議》，國務院編制了《國民經濟和社會發展第十三個五年規劃綱要（草案）》，提交大會審查。

On the basis of the CPC Central Committee Recommendations for the 13th Five-Year Plan for Economic and Social Development, the State Council has drawn up the draft of the 13th Five-Year Plan for Economic and Social Developmentand submitted it to this session for your review and approval.《綱要草案》緊緊圍繞全面建成小康社會奮斗目標，針對發展不平衡、不協調、不可持續等突出問題，強調要牢固樹立和貫徹落實創新、協調、綠色、開放、共享的發展理念，明確了今后五年經濟社會發展的主要目標任務，提出了一系列支撐發展的重大政策、重大工程和重大項目，突出了以下六個方面。

The draft, centering on the goal of finishing building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and designed to address serious issues such as unbalanced, uncoordinated, and unsustainable development, stresses the need to promote innovative, coordinated, green, open, and shared development.It proposes the main targets and tasks for economic and social development over the next five years as well as development policies, initiatives, and projects.The following are the six areas highlighted in the draft.——保持經濟中高速增長，推動產業邁向中高端水平。實現全面建成小康社會目標，到2020年國內生產總值和城鄉居民人均收入比2010年翻一番，“十三五”時期經濟年均增長保持在6.5%以上。加快推進產業結構優化升級，實施一批技術水平高、帶動能力強的重大工程。到2020年，先進制造業、現代服務業、戰略性新興產業比重大幅提升，全員勞動生產率從人均8.7萬元提高到12萬元以上。屆時，我國經濟總量超過90萬億元，發展的質量和效益明顯提高。在我們這樣一個人口眾多的發展中國家，這將是非常了不起的成就。

– We should work to maintain a medium-high rate of growth and promote the development of industries toward the medium-high end.To finish building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and double the 2010 GDP and per capita personal income by 2020, the economy needs to grow at an average annual rate of at least 6.5% during this five-year period.To that end, we will move faster to improve or upgrade the structure of industry and launch initiatives that use advanced technologies and can drive industrial development.Our goal is that by 2020, advanced manufacturing, modern services, and strategic emerging industries as a proportion of GDP will have risen significantly and that per capita labor productivity will have risen from 87,000 yuan to over 120,000 yuan.By that time, China’s aggregate economic output should have exceeded 90 trillion yuan, and the quality and efficacy of development should have significantly improved.For a developing country like China with such a large population, this will be a truly remarkable achievement.——強化創新引領作用，為發展注入強大動力。創新是引領發展的第一動力，必須擺在國家發展全局的核心位置，深入實施創新驅動發展戰略。啟動一批新的國家重大科技項目，建設一批高水平的國家科學中心和技術創新中心，培育壯大一批有國際競爭力的創新型領軍企業，建設一批全面創新改革試驗區。持續推動大眾創業、萬眾創新。促進大數據、云計算、物聯網廣泛應用。加快建設質量強國、制造強國、知識產權強國。到2020年，力爭在基礎研究、應用研究和戰略前沿領域取得重大突破，全社會研發經費投入強度達到2.5%，科技進步對經濟增長的貢獻率達到60%，邁進創新型國家和人才強國行列。

– We should ensure that innovation better drives and energizes development.Innovation is the primary driving force for development and must occupy a central place in China’s development strategy, which is why we must implement a strategy of innovation-driven development.We should launch new national science and technology programs, build first-class national science centers and technological innovation hubs, help develop internationally competitive high-innovation enterprises, and establish pilot reform zones for all-round innovation.We should make consistent efforts to encourage the public to start businesses and make innovations.We should promote the extensive application of big data, cloud computing, and the Internet of Things.We need to move faster to transform China into a manufacturer of advanced and quality products and a country that is strong on intellectual property rights.We should strive to achieve major breakthroughs in basic research, applied research, and research in strategic and frontier fields by 2020.China’s investment in research and development is expected to reach 2.5% of GDP, and the contribution of scientific and technological advances toward economic growth should come to reach 60%.Fulfilling these objectives will turn China into an innovative and talent-rich country.——推進新型城鎮化和農業現代化，促進城鄉區域協調發展?？s小城鄉區域差距，既是調整經濟結構的重點，也是釋放發展潛力的關鍵。要深入推進以人為核心的新型城鎮化，實現1億左右農業轉移人口和其他常住人口在城鎮落戶，完成約1億人居住的棚戶區和城中村改造，引導約1億人在中西部地區就近城鎮化。到2020年，常住人口城鎮化率達到60%、戶籍人口城鎮化率達到45%。實施一批水利、農機、現代種業等工程，推動農業適度規模經營和區域化布局、標準化生產、社會化服務。到2020年，糧食等主要農產品供給和質量安全得到更好保障，農業現代化水平明顯提高，新農村建設取得新成效。以區域發展總體戰略為基礎，以“三大戰略”為引領，形成沿海沿江沿線經濟帶為主的縱向橫向經濟軸帶，培育一批輻射帶動力強的城市群和增長極。加強重大基礎設施建設，高鐵營業里程達到3萬公里、覆蓋80%以上的大城市，新建改建高速公路通車里程約3萬公里，實現城鄉寬帶網絡全覆蓋。

– We should make progress in new urbanization and agricultural modernization as well as in balancing development between urban and rural areas and between regions.Narrowing the gap between urban and rural areas and between regions is not only a key part of economic structural adjustment;it is also crucial for unleashing developmental potential.We should advance the new, people-centered urbanization.This will mean granting urban residency to around 100 million people with rural household registration living in urban areas and other permanent urban residents, completing the rebuilding of both rundown areas and “villages” in cities involving about 100 million people, and enabling around 100 million rural residents to live in local towns and cities in the central and western regions.By 2020, permanent urban residents should account for 60% of China’s population, and 45% of the Chinese people should be registered as permanent urban residents.We should launch initiatives to develop water conservancy in agriculture, farming machinery, and the modern seed industry, encourage appropriately scaled-up agricultural operations, and promote regional distribution, standardized production, and commercial agricultural services.By 2020, the supply, quality, and safety of food crops and other major agricultural products should be better ensured, notable headway should have been made in modernizing agriculture, and fresh progress should have been made in developing the new countryside.Guided by the general strategy for regional development, we should pursue the Three Initiatives to form north-south and east-west intersecting economic belts along the coastline, the Yangtze River, and major transportation routes, and foster new growth poles and city clusters that facilitate the development of surrounding areas.We should also expand major infrastructure projects, with the aim of increasing the length of high-speed railways in service to 30,000 kilometers and linking more than 80% of big cities in China with high-speed railways, building or upgrading around 30,000 kilometers of expressways, and achieving full coverage of access to broadband networks in both urban and rural areas.——推動形成綠色生產生活方式，加快改善生態環境。堅持在發展中保護、在保護中發展，持續推進生態文明建設。深入實施大氣、水、土壤污染防治行動計劃，劃定生態空間保護紅線，推進山水林田湖生態工程，加強生態保護和修復。今后五年，單位國內生產總值用水量、能耗、二氧化碳排放量分別下降23%、15%、18%，森林覆蓋率達到23.04%，能源資源開發利用效率大幅提高，生態環境質量總體改善。特別是治理大氣霧霾取得明顯進展，地級及以上城市空氣質量優良天數比率超過80%。我們要持之以恒，建設天藍、地綠、水清的美麗中國。

– We should encourage green ways of working and living and speed up efforts to conserve ecosystems and the environment.We need to protect the environment while pursuing development and achieve development in a well-protected environment, making sustained efforts to build a sound ecological system.We need to take serious action to prevent and control air, water, and soil pollution, set a red line that the country’s total area of ecological spaces should not fall below, move forward with eco-friendly projects to protect and restore mountains, waters, forests, and farmlands, and intensify ecological conservation and restoration efforts.Over the next five years, we should aim to ensure that water consumption, energy consumption, and carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP are cut by 23%, 15%, and 18%, respectively, and that forest coverage reaches 23.04%.We should also make it our aim, within this timeframe, to develop and use energy and resources much more efficiently and make improvements to the quality of ecosystems and the environment.In particular, we should strive for major progress in the control and prevention of air pollution and see to it that the air quality of cities at and above the prefectural level is good or excellent for 80% of the year.We must work to build, through tireless efforts, a Beautiful China where the sky is blue, the land is green, and the water runs clear.——深化改革開放，構建發展新體制。發展根本上要靠改革開放。必須全面深化改革，堅持和完善基本經濟制度，建立現代產權制度，基本建成法治政府，使市場在資源配置中起決定性作用和更好發揮政府作用，加快形成引領經濟發展新常態的體制機制和發展方式?！耙粠б宦贰苯ㄔO取得重大進展，國際產能合作實現新的突破。對外貿易向優進優出轉變，服務貿易比重顯著提升，從貿易大國邁向貿易強國。全面實行準入前國民待遇加負面清單管理制度，逐步構建高標準自由貿易區網絡，基本形成開放型經濟新體制新格局。

– We need to deepen reform and opening up to create new institutions for development.Fundamentally, development relies on reform and opening up.We must deepen reform across the board, uphold and improve the basic economic system, establish a modern system of property rights, and see that a rule of law government is basically in place.It should be ensured that the market plays the decisive role in resource allocation and the government better plays its role, and work should be accelerated to create the systems, mechanisms, and growth model that will guide the new normal in economic development.We should work for significant progress in pursuing the Belt and Road Initiative and for breakthroughs in our cooperation with other countries on industrial capacity.We should promote the optimization of imports and exports, significantly increase the proportion of trade in services, and promote China’s transformation from a trader of quantity to a trader of quality.We should put into force across the board the management system for pre-establishment national treatment plus a negative list, and progressively build a network of high-standard free trade areas.With these efforts, we should be able to usher in a new phase in building an open economy based on new systems.——持續增進民生福祉，使全體人民共享發展成果。堅持以人民為中心的發展思想，努力補齊基本民生保障的短板，朝著共同富裕方向穩步前進。堅決打贏脫貧攻堅戰，我國現行標準下的農村貧困人口實現脫貧，貧困縣全部摘帽，解決區域性整體貧困。建立國家基本公共服務項目清單。建立健全更加公平更可持續的社會保障制度。實施義務教育學校標準化、普及高中階段教育、建設世界一流大學和一流學科等工程，勞動年齡人口平均受教育年限從10.23年提高到10.8年。實現城鎮新增就業5000萬人以上。完善收入分配制度，縮小收入差距，提高中等收入人口比重。完善住房保障體系，城鎮棚戶區住房改造2000萬套。推進健康中國建設，人均預期壽命提高1歲。積極應對人口老齡化。構建現代公共文化服務體系，實施公民道德建設、中華文化傳承等工程。我們既要讓人民的物質生活更殷實，又要讓人民的精神生活更豐富。

– We need to ensure that continuous progress is made in raising living standards, and see that everyone shares in the fruits of development.Guided by the vision of people-centered development, we need to continue to strengthen points of weakness in meeting basic needs for the people in order to achieve common prosperity.We need to fight hard to win the war against poverty and help lift out of poverty all rural residents falling below the current poverty line, and achieve poverty alleviation in all poor counties and areas.We should put in place a national catalogue of basic public services.We should establish more equitable and sustainable social security systems.We need to ensure that all schools providing compulsory education comply with educational standards, that everyone has access to secondary education, that China has more world-class universities and first-class fields of discipline, and that the average number of years of schooling received by the working-age population increases from 10.23 to 10.8 years.We need to create 50 million plus new urban jobs.We need to improve the income distribution system, reduce the income gap, and increase the proportion of the middle-income group in the whole populace.We should improve systems of government housing support, which should include the rebuilding of 20 million housing units in rundown urban areas.We need to work for progress in building a Healthy China and achieve a one-year increase in average life expectancy.We need to respond proactively to population aging.We should build a modern system of public cultural services and put into effect cultural programs to boost civic morality and keep Chinese culture thriving.These efforts should enable people not only to enjoy a better life in material terms, but also to live a more enriching intellectual and cultural life.做好“十三五”時期經濟社會發展工作，實現全面建成小康社會目標，必須著力把握好三點。一是牢牢抓住發展第一要務不放松。發展是硬道理，是解決我國所有問題的關鍵。今后五年是跨越“中等收入陷阱”的重要階段，各種矛盾和風險明顯增多。發展如逆水行舟，不進則退。必須毫不動搖堅持以經濟建設為中心，推動科學發展，妥善應對風險挑戰，使中國經濟這艘巨輪破浪遠航。二是大力推進結構性改革。當前發展中總量問題與結構性問題并存，結構性問題更加突出，要用改革的辦法推進結構調整。在適度擴大總需求的同時，突出抓好供給側結構性改革，既做減法，又做加法，減少無效和低端供給，擴大有效和中高端供給，增加公共產品和公共服務供給，使供給和需求協同促進經濟發展，提高全要素生產率，不斷解放和發展社會生產力。三是加快新舊發展動能接續轉換。經濟發展必然會有新舊動能迭代更替的過程，當傳統動能由強變弱時，需要新動能異軍突起和傳統動能轉型，形成新的“雙引擎”，才能推動經濟持續增長、躍上新臺階。當前我國發展正處于這樣一個關鍵時期，必須培育壯大新動能，加快發展新經濟。要推動新技術、新產業、新業態加快成長，以體制機制創新促進分享經濟發展，建設共享平臺，做大高技術產業、現代服務業等新興產業集群，打造動力強勁的新引擎。運用信息網絡等現代技術，推動生產、管理和營銷模式變革，重塑產業鏈、供應鏈、價值鏈，改造提升傳統動能，使之煥發新的生機與活力。

To achieve success in our work to promote economic and social development during the period of the 13th Five-Year Plan and finish building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, we must keep to the following three guidelines:

First, give top priority to development

Development is of primary importance to China and is the key to solving every problem we face.During the next five years, we must take particular care to avoid falling into the “middle-income trap,” and we need to address an increasing number of problems and risks.Pursuing development is like sailing against the current: you either forge ahead or drift downstream.We must remain committed to economic development as our central task, endeavor to promote sound development, and respond effectively to risks and challenges so as to ensure that China’s economy, like a gigantic ship, breaks the waves and goes the distance.Second, make major headway in carrying out structural reform

At present, we face problems both with aggregate supply and demand and with our structures.The structural problems are more acute, and reform should be conducted to adjust these structures.While working to achieve an appropriate expansion of aggregate demand, we need to give particular emphasis to structural reform on the supply side, reducing supply in some areas while increasing it in others.This means that we need to reduce ineffective and lower-end supply while increasing effective and medium-and high-end supply, increase the supply of public goods and services, ensure that development is driven by both supply and demand, and improve total-factor productivity.This should enable us to unleash and develop productive forces.Third, accelerate the shift in driving forces for development

In the course of economic development, it is only natural that old drivers of growth are replaced by new ones.As conventional driving forces weaken, it is critical that new driving forces emerge and that the conventional ones undergo a transformation so that new twin engines are formed;only then is it possible to upgrade the economy and achieve sustainable growth.This is the crucial period in which China currently finds itself, and during which we must build up powerful new drivers in order to accelerate the development of the new economy.We need to move faster to develop new technologies, industries, and forms of business, boost the development of a sharing economy through institutional innovations, create sharing platforms, and develop emerging industry clusters such as high-tech and modern service industry clusters, thus creating strong new engines.We will use network-based information technology and other modern technologies to drive changes in models of production, management, and marketing, create new industry chains, supply chains, and value chains, and transform and upgrade conventional drivers, thus injecting them with new vitality.從根本上說，發展的不竭力量蘊藏在人民群眾之中。9億多勞動力、1億多受過高等教育和有專業技能的人才，是我們最大的資源和優勢。實現新舊動能轉換，推動發展轉向更多依靠人力人才資源和創新，既是一個伴隨陣痛的調整過程，也是一個充滿希望的升級過程。只要闖過這個關口，中國經濟就一定能夠浴火重生、再創輝煌。

Ultimately, it is the people who are the inexhaustible source of power that drives development.A workforce of over 900 million, of whom over 100 million have received higher education or are professionally trained: this is our greatest resource and strength.Obviously, replacing old drivers of growth with new ones and achieving a shift in development toward greater reliance on human resources, human capital, and innovation is a process of painful adjustment.But it is at the same time an upgrading process with great promise.We just have to get through this process, and we can, without question, reinvigorate the economy and ensure its dynamic growth.展望今后五年，我們充滿必勝信心。如期實現全面建成小康社會目標，人民生活將會更加美好，中國特色社會主義事業前景一定會更加光明！

Looking ahead to the next five years, we are fully confident that we will finish building a moderately prosperous society in all respects within the set timeframe, that our people will enjoy better lives, and that there will be an even brighter future for the cause of building socialism with Chinese characteristics.三、2016年重點工作

I now want to discuss the major areas of work for 2016.今年是全面建成小康社會決勝階段的開局之年，也是推進結構性改革的攻堅之年。做好政府工作，必須高舉中國特色社會主義偉大旗幟，全面貫徹黨的十八大和十八屆三中、四中、五中全會精神，以鄧小平理論、“三個代表”重要思想、科學發展觀為指導，深入貫徹總書記系列重要講話精神，按照“五位一體”總體布局和“四個全面”戰略布局，堅持改革開放，堅持以新發展理念引領發展，堅持穩中求進工作總基調，適應經濟發展新常態，實行宏觀政策要穩、產業政策要準、微觀政策要活、改革政策要實、社會政策要托底的總體思路，把握好穩增長與調結構的平衡，保持經濟運行在合理區間，著力加強供給側結構性改革，加快培育新的發展動能，改造提升傳統比較優勢，抓好去產能、去庫存、去杠桿、降成本、補短板，加強民生保障，切實防控風險，努力實現“十三五”時期經濟社會發展良好開局。

This is the first year of the decisive stage in finishing building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and a crucial year in carrying out structural reform.To ensure that the government’s goal for this year is accomplished, we must do the following:

– hold high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics;

– implement the guiding principles of the 18th National Congress of the CPC and the third, fourth, and fifth plenary sessions of the 18th CPC Central Committee;

– follow the guidance of Deng Xiaoping Theory, the Theory of Three Represents, and the Scientific Outlook on Development;

– put into practice the guiding principles from General Secretary Xi Jinping’s major policy addresses;

– work in accordance with the overall plan for promoting all-round economic, political, cultural, social, and ecological progress and the Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy;*

Note:

* To make comprehensive moves to finish building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, deepen reform, advance the law-based governance of China, and strengthen Party self-conduct.– continue reform and opening up;

– follow the new vision of development;

– follow the general principle of making progress while working to keep performance stable;

– adapt to the new normal in economic development;

– follow the general guidelines that macro policies should be stable, industrial policies targeted, micro policies flexible, reform policies practical, and that social policies should ensure basic needs;

– maintain a balance between ensuring steady growth and making structural adjustments;

– ensure that the economy operates within an appropriate range;

– strengthen supply-side structural reform;

– accelerate the fostering of new driving forces for development;

– strengthen traditional comparative advantages;

– cut overcapacity and excess inventory, deleverage, reduce costs, and strengthen points of weakness;

– strengthen basic safeguards for public wellbeing;

– prevent and control risks.By working to achieve all of these, we should get off to a good start in economic and social development during the period covered by the 13th Five-Year Plan.今年發展的主要預期目標是：國內生產總值增長6.5%－7%，居民消費價格漲幅3%左右，城鎮新增就業1000萬人以上，城鎮登記失業率4.5%以內，進出口回穩向好，國際收支基本平衡，居民收入增長和經濟增長基本同步。單位國內生產總值能耗下降3.4%以上，主要污染物排放繼續減少。

The main development targets for 2016 are as follows:

– GDP growth of 6.5% to 7%;

– CPI increase kept at around 3%;

– creation of at least ten million new urban jobs;

– registered urban unemployment rate kept within 4.5%;

– a steady rise in import and export volumes;

– a basic balance in international payments;

– increases in personal income basically in step with economic growth;

– a reduction in energy consumption per unit of GDP of at least 3.4%;

– further reductions in the release of major pollutants.經濟增長預期目標6.5%－7%，考慮了與全面建成小康社會目標相銜接，考慮了推進結構性改革的需要，也有利于穩定和引導市場預期。穩增長主要是為了保就業、惠民生，有6.5%－7%的增速就能夠實現比較充分的就業。

In setting a projected growth rate of between 6.5% and 7%, we have taken into consideration the need to finish building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and the need to advance structural reform.It will also help guide market expectations and keep them stable.The aim of maintaining stable growth is primarily to ensure employment and promote the people’s wellbeing, and a growth rate of between 6.5% and 7% will allow for relatively full employment.綜合分析各方面情況，今年我國發展面臨的困難更多更大、挑戰更為嚴峻，我們要做打硬仗的充分準備。從國際看，世界經濟深度調整、復蘇乏力，國際貿易增長低迷，金融和大宗商品市場波動不定，地緣政治風險上升，外部環境的不穩定不確定因素增加，對我國發展的影響不可低估。從國內看，長期積累的矛盾和風險進一步顯現，經濟增速換擋、結構調整陣痛、新舊動能轉換相互交織，經濟下行壓力加大。但困難和挑戰并不可怕。中國的發展從來都是在應對挑戰中前進的，沒有過不去的坎。經過多年的快速發展，我國物質基礎雄厚，經濟韌性強、潛力足、回旋余地大，改革開放不斷注入新動力，創新宏觀調控積累了豐富經驗。特別是我們有中國共產黨的堅強領導和中國特色社會主義制度，中國人民勤勞智慧。只要我們萬眾一心，共克時艱，就一定能夠實現全年經濟社會發展目標。

A comprehensive analysis of all factors shows that China will face more and tougher problems and challenges in its development this year, so we must be fully prepared to fight a difficult battle.Internationally, the global economy is experiencing profound changes and struggling to recover;growth in trade is weak;there are fluctuations in the financial and commodity markets;geopolitical risks are rising;and there are increasing instabilities and uncertainties in China’s external environment.We should not underestimate the impact all of this will have on China’s development.Domestically, problems and risks that have been building up over the years are becoming more evident;the change of pace in economic growth, the difficulties associated with structural adjustments, and the transformation of the drivers of growth present interwoven problems;and downward pressure on the economy is growing.But we will not be daunted by these problems and challenges.China has from the start been developing while responding to challenges;there is no difficulty we cannot get beyond.Thanks to years of rapid development, China has laid a solid material foundation, and its economy is hugely resilient and has enormous potential and ample room for growth.At the same time, reform and opening up has been injecting new impetus into economic growth, and a wealth of experience has been gained in developing new ways of conducting macro regulation.In addition, we have the guidance of the CPC and the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and our people are talented and hardworking.As long as we work together as one to surmount all difficulties, we will definitely achieve the targets for economic and social development in 2016.今年要重點做好八個方面工作。

This year, we will carry out the following eight tasks:

（一）穩定和完善宏觀經濟政策，保持經濟運行在合理區間。我們宏觀調控還有創新手段和政策儲備，既要立足當前、有針對性地出招，頂住經濟下行壓力，又要著眼長遠、留有后手、謀勢蓄勢。繼續實施積極的財政政策和穩健的貨幣政策，創新宏觀調控方式，加強區間調控、定向調控、相機調控，統籌運用財政、貨幣政策和產業、投資、價格等政策工具，采取結構性改革尤其是供給側結構性改革舉措，為經濟發展營造良好環境。

1.Improve and keep stable our macroeconomic policies to ensure that the economy performs within an appropriate range

At present, we still have new instruments for macro regulation and a good reserve of policies at our disposal.On the one hand, we will focus on current realities and take targeted steps to withstand the downward pressure on the economy.On the other hand, we must have our long-term development goals in mind, keep some policy tools as options for later use, strategize our moves, and gather strength.We will continue to implement proactive fiscal policy and prudent monetary policy, develop new approaches to macro regulation, strengthen range-based, targeted, and well-timed regulation, use fiscal and monetary policies and industry, investment, and pricing policy tools in a coordinated way, and implement structural reform, particularly supply-side structural reform, so as to create an enabling environment for economic development.積極的財政政策要加大力度。今年擬安排財政赤字2.18萬億元，比去年增加5600億元，赤字率提高到3%。其中，中央財政赤字1.4萬億元，地方財政赤字7800億元。安排地方專項債券4000億元，繼續發行地方政府置換債券。我國財政赤字率和政府負債率在世界主要經濟體中相對較低，這樣的安排是必要的、可行的，也是安全的。

– We will pursue a more proactive fiscal policy.The government deficit for 2016 is projected to be 2.18 trillion yuan, an increase of 560 billion yuan over last year, meaning the deficit-to-GDP ratio will rise to 3%.Of the deficit, 1.4 trillion yuan will be carried by the central government, and the remaining 780 billion yuan will be carried by local governments.Special bonds for local governments will total 400 billion yuan, and local government debt-converting bonds will continue to be issued.China’s deficit-to-GDP ratio and government debt ratio are lower than those of other major economies;such steps are necessary, feasible, and also safe.適度擴大財政赤字，主要用于減稅降費，進一步減輕企業負擔。今年將采取三項舉措。一是全面實施營改增，從5月1日起，將試點范圍擴大到建筑業、房地產業、金融業、生活服務業，并將所有企業新增不動產所含增值稅納入抵扣范圍，確保所有行業稅負只減不增。二是取消違規設立的政府性基金，停征和歸并一批政府性基金，擴大水利建設基金等免征范圍。三是將18項行政事業性收費的免征范圍，從小微企業擴大到所有企業和個人。實施上述政策，今年將比改革前減輕企業和個人負擔5000多億元。同時，適當增加必要的財政支出和政府投資，加大對民生等薄弱環節的支持。創新財政支出方式，優化財政支出結構，該保的一定要保住，該減的一定要減下來。

The moderate increase in government deficit is projected primarily to cover tax and fee reductions for enterprises, a step that will further reduce their burdens.The following three measures will be adopted this year.First, business tax will be replaced with VAT in all sectors.Starting from May 1st, the scope of work to pilot this measure will be extended to the construction, real estate, financial, and consumer service industries, and VAT deductions will cover all new immovable property of enterprises to ensure that the tax burdens on all industries are reduced.Second, government-managed funds set up without authorization will be abolished;the collection of contributions to certain government-managed funds will be suspended, and some of these funds will be consolidated;and more enterprises will be exempted from contributing to water conservancy construction funds and other government-managed funds.Third, exemptions from 18 administrative charges which currently apply only to small and micro businesses will be expanded to include all enterprises and individuals.Through the above policies, the burdens on enterprises and individuals will be cut by more than 500 billion yuan this year.At the same time, we will increase government expenditures and investment as appropriate to work on living standards and other areas in need of strengthening.We will develop new ways for government funds to be spent and improve the government spending mix to ensure that all essential items receive sufficient funding, while non-essential items are cut.加快財稅體制改革。推進中央與地方事權和支出責任劃分改革，合理確定增值稅中央和地方分享比例。把適合作為地方收入的稅種下劃給地方，在稅政管理權限方面給地方適當放權。進一步壓縮中央專項轉移支付規模，今年一般性轉移支付規模增長12.2%。全面推開資源稅從價計征改革。依法實施稅收征管。建立規范的地方政府舉債融資機制，對財政實力強、債務風險較低的，按法定程序適當增加債務限額。各級政府要堅持過緊日子，把每一筆錢都花在明處、用在實處。

Fiscal and tax reforms will be stepped up.We will move forward with the reform of the way powers and expenditure responsibilities are shared between the central and local governments, ensuring that the proportion of VAT revenue received by the central and local governments is determined appropriately.Taxes suitable as sources of local government revenue will be handed over to local governments along with the corresponding administrative powers.Central government special transfer payments to local governments will be further reduced, while this year’s general transfer payments will be increased by 12.2%.We will extend ad valorem rates to all resource taxes.We will promote the law-based administration of tax collection.We will establish a well-regulated mechanism for local governments to secure financing through bond issuance and make moderate upward adjustments to debt ceilings for local governments with strong financial resources and low debt risks through statutory procedures.Governments at all levels must tighten their belts and spend every sum of money where it can be seen and where it’s most needed.穩健的貨幣政策要靈活適度。今年廣義貨幣M2預期增長13%左右，社會融資規模余額增長13%左右。要統籌運用公開市場操作、利率、準備金率、再貸款等各類貨幣政策工具，保持流動性合理充裕，疏通傳導機制，降低融資成本，加強對實體經濟特別是小微企業、“三農”等支持。

– We will pursue prudent monetary policy that is flexible and appropriate.Both the M2 money supply and aggregate financing in the economy are forecasted to grow by around 13% in 2016.We will use a full range of monetary policy tools including open market operations, interest rates, required reserve ratios, and re-lending to maintain sufficient liquidity at a proper level, improve the transmission mechanism of monetary policy, and reduce financing costs.We will provide more support for the real economy, particularly for small and micro businesses as well as agriculture, rural areas, and farmers.深化金融體制改革。加快改革完善現代金融監管體制，提高金融服務實體經濟效率，實現金融風險監管全覆蓋。深化利率市場化改革。繼續完善人民幣匯率市場化形成機制，保持人民幣匯率在合理均衡水平上基本穩定。深化國有商業銀行和開發性、政策性金融機構改革，發展民營銀行，啟動投貸聯動試點。推進股票、債券市場改革和法治化建設，促進多層次資本市場健康發展，提高直接融資比重。適時啟動“深港通”。建立巨災保險制度。規范發展互聯網金融。大力發展普惠金融和綠色金融。加強全口徑外債宏觀審慎管理。扎緊制度籠子，整頓規范金融秩序，嚴厲打擊金融詐騙、非法集資和證券期貨領域的違法犯罪活動，堅決守住不發生系統性區域性風險的底線。

We will deepen reform of the financial sector.We will move faster in the reform to improve the modern financial regulatory system and ensure that the financial sector serves the real economy more efficiently and that regulation covers all financial risks.Interest rates will be further liberalized.Improvements will be made to the market-based mechanism for setting the RMB exchange rate to ensure it remains generally stable at an appropriate and balanced level.We will deepen reform of state-owned commercial banks as well as development and policy-backed financial institutions, develop private banks, and launch trials to allow commercial banks to participate in combined debt-equity investments into startups and small businesses.We will move forward with the reform of stock and bond markets and increase the level of rule of law in their development, promote the sound development of the multilevel capital market, and ensure that the proportion of direct financing is increased.The Shenzhen-Hong Kong Stock Connect will be launched at an appropriate time.A catastrophe insurance system will be established.We will work to see that Internet finance develops in line with regulations, and we will make a major push to develop inclusive and green finance.We will strengthen unified, macroprudential management of foreign debt.We will tighten institutional constraints, safeguard order in the financial sector, crack down on financial fraud, illegal fundraising, and unlawful and criminal activities in the securities and futures markets, and make sure that no systemic or regional financial risks arise.（二）加強供給側結構性改革，增強持續增長動力。圍繞解決重點領域的突出矛盾和問題，加快破除體制機制障礙，以供給側結構性改革提高供給體系的質量和效率，進一步激發市場活力和社會創造力。

2.Strengthen supply-side structural reform to drive sustained growth

To solve acute problems in key areas, we must work faster to remove institutional obstacles and carry out supply-side structural reform to improve the quality and efficiency of the supply system, and further stimulate market vitality and the creativity of society.推動簡政放權、放管結合、優化服務改革向縱深發展。以敬民之心，行簡政之道，切實轉變政府職能、提高效能。繼續大力削減行政審批事項，注重解決放權不同步、不協調、不到位問題，對下放的審批事項，要讓地方能接得住、管得好。深化商事制度改革，開展證照分離試點。全面公布地方政府權力和責任清單，在部分地區試行市場準入負面清單制度。對行政事業性收費、政府定價或指導價經營服務性收費、政府性基金、國家職業資格，實行目錄清單管理。加快建設統一開放、競爭有序的市場體系，打破地方保護。深化價格改革，加強價格監管。修改和廢止有礙發展的行政法規和規范性文件。創新事中事后監管方式，全面推行“雙隨機、一公開”監管，隨機抽取檢查對象，隨機選派執法檢查人員，及時公布查處結果。推進綜合行政執法改革，實施企業信用信息統一歸集、依法公示、聯合懲戒、社會監督。大力推行“互聯網+政務服務”，實現部門間數據共享，讓居民和企業少跑腿、好辦事、不添堵。簡除煩苛，禁察非法，使人民群眾有更平等的機會和更大的創造空間。

– We will deepen reforms to streamline administration, delegate more powers, improve regulation, and provide better services.With the people in mind, we will streamline administration, transform the functions of the government, and improve its performance.As we continue to cancel the requirement of government review for more matters, we will focus on addressing unsynchronized, uncoordinated, and incomplete delegation of powers and make sure that local governments to which powers of review have been delegated are able to properly exercise those powers.We will deepen reform of the business system and launch trials to separate operating permits and business licenses.We will release the lists of all powers and responsibilities of local governments, and begin piloting a negative list for market access in some regions.We will draw up lists and catalogues to manage administrative charges, business fees and charges set by the government or set under its guidance, government-managed funds, and professional qualifications recognized by the state.We will move faster to establish a unified, open, competitive, and orderly market system, and put an end to local protectionism.We will deepen pricing reform and tighten up supervision of prices.We will revise or abolish any administrative regulations and normative documents that are holding back development.We will develop new ways of conducting oversight over the whole process of business operations, and introduce across the board an oversight model drawing on random inspections by randomly selected law enforcement officers or inspectors and requiring the prompt release of results.We will implement the reform for coordinated administrative law enforcement and adopt a unified approach to gathering information on enterprise credit, release such information in accordance with the law, ensure joint punitive action is taken where necessary, and encourage public oversight.We will carry out the “Internet Plus government services” model and promote better information sharing between government departments, so that the public and businesses need to make fewer visits to government departments to get things done, find procedures simpler, and find the service satisfactory.We will cut red tape and root out illegalities to ensure that the people have more equal opportunities and greater space for creativity.充分釋放全社會創業創新潛能。著力實施創新驅動發展戰略，促進科技與經濟深度融合，提高實體經濟的整體素質和競爭力。一是強化企業創新主體地位。落實企業研發費用加計扣除和加速折舊政策，完善高新技術企業、科技企業孵化器等稅收優惠政策。支持行業領軍企業建設高水平研發機構。加快將國家自主創新示范區試點政策推廣到全國，再建設一批國家自主創新示范區、高新區。二是發揮大眾創業、萬眾創新和“互聯網+”集眾智匯眾力的乘數效應。打造眾創、眾包、眾扶、眾籌平臺，構建大中小企業、高校、科研機構、創客多方協同的新型創業創新機制。建設一批“雙創”示范基地，培育創業創新服務業，規范發展天使、創業、產業等投資。支持分享經濟發展，提高資源利用效率，讓更多人參與進來、富裕起來。實施更積極、更開放、更有效的人才引進政策。加強知識產權保護和運用，依法嚴厲打擊侵犯知識產權和制假售假行為。三是深化科技管理體制改革。擴大高校和科研院所自主權，砍掉科研管理中的繁文縟節。實施支持科技成果轉移轉化的政策措施，完善股權期權稅收優惠政策和分紅獎勵辦法，鼓勵科研人員創業創新。大力弘揚創新文化，厚植創新沃土，營造敢為人先、寬容失敗的良好氛圍，充分激發企業家精神，調動全社會創業創新積極性，匯聚成推動發展的磅礴力量。

– We will ensure that the whole country’s potential for starting businesses and making innovations is released.We will implement the strategy of innovation-driven development, see that science and technology become more deeply embedded in the economy, and improve the overall quality and competitiveness of the real economy.First, we will ensure that enterprises lead in making innovations.We will implement additional tax deductions for their research and development, accelerate the depreciation of their fixed assets, and increase tax policy support for high-tech enterprises and science and technology business incubators.We will support leading enterprises in building top-level research and development institutions.We will move faster to achieve nationwide implementation of the policy of national innovation demonstration zones, and establish another set of national innovation demonstration zones and high-tech development zones.Second, we will help people to pool their ideas and talents through a synergy of business startups, innovation, and the Internet Plus.Platforms will be created for crowd innovation, crowd support, crowdsourcing, and crowdfunding, and mechanisms will be built to encourage new types of business startups and innovation-making through cooperation between enterprises, institutions of higher learning, research institutes, and makers.We will establish demonstration centers for business startups and innovation, foster a business startup and innovation service industry, and ensure angel investment, venture capital, industrial investment, and other investment develop in accordance with regulations.We will give our support to the development of a sharing economy and see that resources are used more efficiently and that more people take part and benefit.We will adopt more active, open, and effective policies to attract talent from overseas.We will strengthen the protection and use of intellectual property rights and look to the law to crack down on the infringement of these rights and on the production and sale of counterfeit products.Third, we will deepen the reform of the management system for science and technology.Greater autonomy will be given to universities and research institutes, and red tape will be cut in the management of research projects.Policies and measures will be implemented to support the transfer and commercialization of scientific and technological achievements, and tax incentives for stocks and options, and profit sharing and bonus plans will be improved to encourage researchers to start businesses and make innovations.We will foster a culture of innovation and create an enabling environment for innovation in which people venture to break new ground and failure is tolerated.I am sure that these initiatives will inspire entrepreneurialism and motivate our society to start businesses and make innovations, and thus create a powerful force to drive development.著力化解過剩產能和降本增效。重點抓好鋼鐵、煤炭等困難行業去產能，堅持市場倒逼、企業主體、地方組織、中央支持，運用經濟、法律、技術、環保、質量、安全等手段，嚴格控制新增產能，堅決淘汰落后產能，有序退出過剩產能。采取兼并重組、債務重組或破產清算等措施，積極穩妥處置“僵尸企業”。完善財政、金融等支持政策，中央財政安排1000億元專項獎補資金，重點用于職工分流安置。采取綜合措施，降低企業交易、物流、財務、用能等成本，堅決遏制涉企亂收費，對違規行為要嚴肅查處。

– We will ensure that overcapacity is cut, costs are lowered, and business performance is improved.We will focus on addressing the overcapacity in the steel, coal, and other industries facing difficulties.In this process, the market should serve as a check, enterprises should be the major actors, local governments should play a coordinating role, and the central government should provide support.We will use economic, legal, technological, environmental, quality inspection, and safety-related means to strictly control the expansion of production capacity, shut down outdated production facilities, and eliminate overcapacity in a planned way.We will address the issue of “zombie enterprises” proactively yet prudently by using measures such as mergers, reorganizations, debt restructurings, and bankruptcy liquidations.Fiscal, financial, and other policies will be improved to support this work.One hundred billion yuan in rewards and subsidies will be provided by the central government, which will be mainly used to resettle employees laid off from these enterprises.We will take a full range of measures to reduce the transaction, logistics, financial, and energy consumption costs of enterprises, and work to put a stop to the collection of arbitrary and unwarranted fees from enterprises and be strict about investigating and punishing violations of regulations.努力改善產品和服務供給。突出抓好三個方面。一是提升消費品品質。加快質量安全標準與國際標準接軌，建立商品質量懲罰性賠償制度。鼓勵企業開展個性化定制、柔性化生產，培育精益求精的工匠精神，增品種、提品質、創品牌。二是促進制造業升級。深入推進“中國制造+互聯網”，建設若干國家級制造業創新平臺，實施一批智能制造示范項目，啟動工業強基、綠色制造、高端裝備等重大工程，組織實施重大技術改造升級工程。三是加快現代服務業發展。啟動新一輪國家服務業綜合改革試點，實施高技術服務業創新工程，大力發展數字創意產業。放寬市場準入，提高生產性服務業專業化、生活性服務業精細化水平。建設一批光網城市，推進5萬個行政村通光纖，讓更多城鄉居民享受數字化生活。

– We will work to ensure the supply of goods and services is improved.We will concentrate our efforts on the following three areas:

First, we will see that the quality of consumer goods is improved.We will move faster to bring domestic quality and safety standards in line with international standards, and establish a system for making producers pay punitive compensation for failing to meet product quality standards.We will also encourage enterprises to use flexible and custom-tailored production processes and foster a craftsmanship spirit of striving for the best, so that more types of products, products of a higher quality, and brand products will be made.Second, we will work to upgrade manufacturing.We will intensify efforts to promote the integrated development of Made in China 2025 and the Internet Plus action plan;build national platforms for innovation in manufacturing;carry out demonstration programs in smart manufacturing;launch projects to build a more solid foundation for industry development, promote green manufacturing, and develop high-end equipment;and carry out major technological transformation and upgrading initiatives.Third, we will accelerate the development of the modern service sector.We will launch a new round of national pilot projects for all-round service sector reform as well as projects to promote innovation in high-tech services, and channel great efforts into developing the digital creative industries.We will relax restrictions on market access to the service sector, and ensure greater specialization in producer services and higher refinement in consumer services.Fiber-optic networks will be developed in a number of cities and 50,000 administrative villages will be linked up to fiber-optic networks, thus enabling more urban and rural residents to enjoy a more digital way of life.大力推進國有企業改革。今明兩年，要以改革促發展，堅決打好國有企業提質增效攻堅戰。推動國有企業特別是中央企業結構調整，創新發展一批，重組整合一批，清理退出一批。推進股權多元化改革，開展落實企業董事會職權、市場化選聘經營者、職業經理人制度、混合所有制、員工持股等試點。深化企業用人制度改革，探索建立與市場化選任方式相適應的高層次人才和企業經營管理者薪酬制度。加快改組組建國有資本投資、運營公司。以管資本為主推進國有資產監管機構職能轉變，防止國有資產流失，實現國有資產保值增值。賦予地方更多國有企業改革自主權。加快剝離國有企業辦社會職能，解決歷史遺留問題，讓國有企業瘦身健體，增強核心競爭力。

– We will push for progress in SOE reform.This year and next, we will use reform to promote the development of SOEs and push hard to ensure success in upgrading them and improving their performance.We will prompt SOEs, especially those managed by the central government, to make structural adjustments so that some will be developed through innovation, others will be reorganized or merged, and still others will exit the market.We will carry out reforms to diversify their types of equity and introduce on a trial basis the assumption of powers and responsibilities by corporate boards of directors, competitive open selection and recruitment of executives, recruitment of professional managers, mixed ownership, and employee equity stakes.We will deepen the reform of the enterprise personnel management system and explore the possibility of establishing remuneration systems for senior ranking personnel and corporate executives that are compatible with competitive selection and recruitment.We will work faster to establish state capital investment and management companies through reorganization.To prevent the loss of state assets and ensure their value is maintained or increased, we will encourage state-owned asset supervisory and management authorities to shift their focus to the use of state capital.Local governments will be granted more power over SOE reform.We will move more quickly to relieve SOEs of their obligations to operate social programs and resolve their other longstanding issues, enabling them to become leaner and healthier and to increase their core competitiveness.更好激發非公有制經濟活力。大幅放寬電力、電信、交通、石油、天然氣、市政公用等領域市場準入，消除各種隱性壁壘，鼓勵民營企業擴大投資、參與國有企業改革。在項目核準、融資服務、財稅政策、土地使用等方面一視同仁。依法平等保護各種所有制經濟產權，嚴肅查處侵犯非公有制企業及非公有制經濟人士合法權益的行為，營造公平、公正、透明、穩定的法治環境，構建新型政商關系，促進各類企業各展其長、共同發展。

– We will energize the non-public sector.We will significantly relax restrictions on entry into markets such as electricity, telecommunications, transport, petroleum, natural gas, and municipal public utilities, remove hidden barriers, and encourage private companies to increase investment in these areas and participate in SOE reform.In these fields, private companies will enjoy the same treatment afforded to SOEs in terms of project verification and approval, financing, fiscal and tax policies, and land availability.We will, in accordance with the law, provide equal protection to the property rights of entities under all forms of ownership;and we will ensure that, without fail, infringements on the legitimate rights and interests of non-public sector enterprises and individuals are investigated and prosecuted.We will create a rule of law environment that is fair, just, transparent, and stable and establish new government-business relations to help all types of enterprises develop side by side based on their own respective strengths.（三）深挖國內需求潛力，開拓發展更大空間。適度擴大需求總量，積極調整改革需求結構，促進供給需求有效對接、投資消費有機結合、城鄉區域協調發展，形成對經濟發展穩定而持久的內需支撐。

3.Tap the potential of domestic demand to increase the space for development

We will work to achieve a moderate expansion of aggregate demand, adjust and reform the composition of demand, strive for better alignment between supply and demand and between investment and consumption, and work to achieve greater balance in the development of urban and rural areas and of different regions.This will create steady and long-term domestic demand to sustain economic development.增強消費拉動經濟增長的基礎作用。適應消費升級趨勢，破除政策障礙，優化消費環境，維護消費者權益。支持發展養老、健康、家政、教育培訓、文化體育等服務消費。壯大網絡信息、智能家居、個性時尚等新興消費。促進線上線下協調互動、平等競爭，推動實體商業創新轉型。完善物流配送網絡，促進快遞業健康發展?；钴S二手車市場，大力發展和推廣以電動汽車為主的新能源汽車，加快建設城市停車場和充電設施。在全國開展消費金融公司試點，鼓勵金融機構創新消費信貸產品。降低部分消費品進口關稅，增設免稅店。落實帶薪休假制度，加強旅游交通、景區景點、自駕車營地等設施建設，規范旅游市場秩序，迎接正在興起的大眾旅游時代。

– We will strengthen the foundational role of consumption in promoting economic growth.To adapt to the trend toward high-end consumption, we will remove policy barriers, improve the consumer environment, and safeguard the rights and interests of consumers.We will support the growth of consumption in elderly care, health services, housekeeping services, educational and training services, and cultural and sports services.We will work to strengthen the growth of emerging areas of consumption such as information goods and services, smart homes, and personalized fashion.We will promote coordination, interaction, and fair competition between the online and the offline and encourage physical stores to transform themselves through innovation.We will help ensure the improvement of logistics networks and the healthy development of express delivery services.We will work to stimulate the second-hand car market, channel great effort into developing and promoting the use of new-energy vehicles, particularly electric vehicles, and move faster to build urban car parks and install charging facilities.We will carry out nationwide trials to set up consumer financing companies and encourage financial institutions to develop new consumer credit products.We will cut import tariffs on some consumer goods and increase the number of duty-free stores.We will ensure people are able to take their paid vacations, strengthen the development of tourist and transport facilities, scenic spots and tourist sites, and recreational vehicle parks, and see that the tourist market operates in line with regulations.With these efforts, we will usher in a new era of mass tourism.發揮有效投資對穩增長調結構的關鍵作用。我國基礎設施和民生領域有許多短板，產業亟需改造升級，有效投資仍有很大空間。今年要啟動一批“十三五”規劃重大項目。完成鐵路投資8000億元以上、公路投資1.65萬億元，再開工20項重大水利工程，建設水電核電、特高壓輸電、智能電網、油氣管網、城市軌道交通等重大項目。中央預算內投資安排5000億元。深化投融資體制改革，繼續以市場化方式籌集專項建設基金，推動地方融資平臺轉型改制進行市場化融資，探索基礎設施等資產證券化，擴大債券融資規模。完善政府和社會資本合作模式，用好1800億元引導基金，依法嚴格履行合同，充分激發社會資本參與熱情。

– We will see that effective investment plays a key role in maintaining stable growth and making structural adjustments.The many weak areas in infrastructure and public services in China and the urgent need for industry upgrading leave vast scope for growth in effective investment.This year, we will launch a number of projects set forth in the 13th Five-Year Plan.More than 800 billion yuan will be invested in railway construction, and investment in road construction will reach 1.65 trillion yuan.A further 20 water conservancy projects will be carried out, and major projects will be launched to develop hydropower, nuclear power, ultra high-voltage power transmission, smart grids, pipelines for oil and gas transmission, and urban rail transit.Central government budgetary investment will be 500 billion yuan.We will deepen the reform of the investment and financing systems.Funds for specific projects will continue to be raised through market-based mechanisms.Local financing platforms will be required to transform themselves and shift toward market-based financing, the securitization of tangible assets such as infrastructure will be explored, and debt financing will be increased.We will improve the public-private partnership model, make good use of the 180 billion yuan in seed funds, and strictly honor contracts in accordance with the law, so as to bring the enthusiasm of private investors to the table.深入推進新型城鎮化。城鎮化是現代化的必由之路，是我國最大的內需潛力和發展動能所在。今年重點抓好三項工作。一是加快農業轉移人口市民化。深化戶籍制度改革，放寬城鎮落戶條件，建立健全“人地錢”掛鉤政策。擴大新型城鎮化綜合試點范圍。居住證具有很高的含金量，要加快覆蓋未落戶的城鎮常住人口，使他們依法享有居住地義務教育、就業、醫療等基本公共服務。發展中西部地區中小城市和小城鎮，容納更多的農民工就近就業創業，讓他們掙錢顧家兩不誤。二是推進城鎮保障性安居工程建設和房地產市場健康發展。今年棚戶區住房改造600萬套，提高棚改貨幣化安置比例。完善支持居民住房合理消費的稅收、信貸政策，適應住房剛性需求和改善性需求，因城施策化解房地產庫存，促進房地產市場平穩運行。建立租購并舉的住房制度，把符合條件的外來人口逐步納入公租房供應范圍。三是加強城市規劃建設管理。增強城市規劃的科學性、前瞻性、權威性、公開性，促進“多規合一”。開工建設城市地下綜合管廊2000公里以上。積極推廣綠色建筑和建材，大力發展鋼結構和裝配式建筑，加快標準化建設，提高建筑技術水平和工程質量。推進城市管理體制創新，打造智慧城市，完善公共交通網絡，治理交通擁堵等突出問題，改善人居環境，使人民群眾生活得更安心、更省心、更舒心。

– We will advance new urbanization.Urbanization is the path we need to take to develop a modern China.It is where we will find the greatest potential for domestic demand and the most powerful force for sustaining economic development.This year, we will take the following three major steps regarding urbanization.First, we will move faster to see that urban residency is granted to more people with rural household registration living in urban areas.We will deepen reform of the household registration system and relax restrictions on eligibility for urban residency.We will introduce policies for making both the transfer payments and the land designated for urban development granted to the government of a local jurisdiction conditional upon the number of people with rural household registration who are granted permanent urban residency in that jurisdiction.The full range of trials for developing new urbanization will be extended to more areas.Residence cards are important assets for their holders.We must move faster to ensure that permanent urban residents without urban residency are issued residence cards, thus enabling them to enjoy, as provided for by law, the right to access compulsory education, employment, medical care, and other basic public services.We will promote the development of small towns and small and medium-sized cities in the central and western regions to help more rural migrant workers find employment or start businesses in urban areas closer to home so that they do not have to choose between earning money and taking care of the families they leave behind.Second, we will promote the construction of government-subsidized housing in urban areas and the healthy development of the real estate market.This year, we will see to it that six million housing units are rebuilt in rundown urban areas and that more people displaced by the rebuilding of such areas receive monetary housing compensation rather than housing.Taking into consideration people’s demand for buying homes or improving their housing situation, we will improve the tax and credit policies to support justified personal housing consumption and adopt different policies in different cities as appropriate to their local conditions, in order to cut housing inventory and promote stability in the real estate market.We will put in place a housing system which encourages both renting and purchasing and, over time, enable eligible non-registered urban residents to apply for public rental housing.Third, we will redouble our efforts to improve urban planning, development, and management.We will make urban planning more sound, forward-looking, authoritative, and transparent and encourage local governments to integrate their various types of urban plans into a single master plan.Construction will begin on at least 2,000 kilometers of utility tunnels.We will actively promote environmentally friendly buildings and construction materials, make a big push to develop steel understructures and prefabricated modules, accelerate work to ensure adherence to construction standards, and see that the level of technique in building and the quality of construction projects are improved.We will encourage institutional innovation in urban management, work hard to create smart cities, improve public transport networks, address traffic congestion and other prominent problems, and improve living environments so that people can enjoy a more secure, relaxing, and satisfying city life.優化區域發展格局。深入推進“一帶一路”建設，落實京津冀協同發展規劃綱要，加快長江經濟帶發展。制定實施西部大開發“十三五”規劃，實施新一輪東北地區等老工業基地振興戰略，出臺促進中部地區崛起新十年規劃，支持東部地區在體制創新、陸海統籌等方面率先突破。促進資源型地區經濟轉型升級。支持革命老區、民族地區、邊疆地區、貧困地區發展。制定和實施國家海洋戰略，維護國家海洋權益，保護海洋生態環境，拓展藍色經濟空間，建設海洋強國。

– We will work to improve the layout of development across regions.We will push ahead with the Belt and Road Initiative, carry out the development plan for the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei integration initiative, and speed up the development of the Yangtze Economic Belt.We will draw up and implement the 13th Five-Year Plan for the large-scale development of the western region, implement a new round of strategies for revitalizing the old industrial bases in the Northeast and other parts of the country, adopt the new ten-year plan for fuelling the rise of the central region, and support the eastern region as it leads the country in making breakthroughs in institutional innovation and coordinated land and maritime development.We will promote the economic transformation and upgrading of resource-dependent regions.We will support the development of old revolutionary base areas, areas with concentrations of ethnic minorities, border areas, and poor areas.We will work out and implement a national maritime strategy, safeguard national maritime rights and interests, protect marine ecosystems and habitats, and open up more space for the blue economy so as to strengthen China’s maritime development.（四）加快發展現代農業，促進農民持續增收。繼續毫不放松抓好“三農”工作，完善強農惠農富農政策，深化農村改革，拓展農民就業增收渠道，著力提高農業質量、效益和競爭力。

4.Speed up efforts to develop modern agriculture and ensure sustained increases in rural incomes

We will, with as much care and attention as ever, continue focusing on our work related to agriculture, rural areas, and farmers.We will strengthen policy support for these areas, deepen rural reform, expand the channels through which farmers can find employment and increase their income, and work to ensure that the quality, performance, and competitiveness of agriculture improve.加快農業結構調整。糧食連續增產，為穩定物價、改善民生提供了有力保障，但也面臨庫存大幅增加、市場價格下跌等問題。要完善農產品價格形成機制，引導農民適應市場需求調整種養結構，適當調減玉米種植面積。按照“市場定價、價補分離”原則，積極穩妥推進玉米收儲制度改革，保障農民合理收益。要多措并舉消化糧食庫存，大力支持農產品精深加工，發展畜牧業，延伸農業產業鏈條；制定新一輪退耕還林還草方案，今年退耕還林還草1500萬畝以上，這件事一舉多得，務必抓好。積極發展多種形式農業適度規模經營，完善對家庭農場、專業大戶、農民合作社等新型經營主體的扶持政策，培養新型職業農民，鼓勵農戶依法自愿有償流轉承包地，開展土地股份合作、聯合或土地托管。深化農村集體產權、農墾、集體林權、國有林場、農田水利、供銷社等改革。

– We will speed up structural adjustment in agriculture.The output of food crops has continued to rise in recent years.This has helped to keep prices stable and ensure people’s wellbeing, but it has also resulted in a buildup of excess stockpiles and falling market prices.To resolve this problem, we will improve the pricing mechanisms for agricultural products, while guiding farmers in adjusting what and how much they grow and breed in response to market demand and in making appropriate reductions to the amount of cultivated land devoted to growing corn.Following the principle of letting the market determine prices and delinking subsidies from prices, we will reform in an active yet prudent way the system of corn purchase and storage to ensure reasonable returns for corn-growing farmers.We will adopt a full range of measures to reduce excess stockpiles of food, provide strong support for the processing of agricultural products to increase their value, develop the livestock industry, and extend the agricultural production chain.We will formulate a plan for a new round of initiatives to turn marginal farmland into forest or grassland, with the target for this year being more than one million hectares.There is much to be gained in this, and it must be carried out to full effect.We will promote the development of suitably scaled-up agricultural operations in diversified forms;improve policy support for family farms, large and specialized agricultural family operations, farming cooperatives, and other emerging forms of agribusiness;and cultivate a new type of skilled farmer.We will encourage farmers, on a voluntary basis and in accordance with relevant laws, to transfer the land they contract to work on in return for compensation, enter into cooperation or association based on land as shares, or place their land under trusteeship.We will deepen the reform of the rural collective property rights system, state farms on reclaimed land, collective forest tenure, state forestry farms, farmland irrigation and water conservancy, and rural supply and marketing cooperatives.強化農業基礎支撐。全面完成永久基本農田劃定并實行特殊保護，加強高標準農田建設，增加深松土地1.5億畝，新增高效節水灌溉面積2000萬畝。探索耕地輪作休耕制度試點。加強農業科技創新與推廣，深入開展糧食綠色高產高效創建，實施化肥農藥零增長行動。保障財政對農業投入，建立全國農業信貸擔保體系，完善農業保險制度和農村金融服務，引導帶動更多資金投向現代農業建設。

– The foundation of agriculture will be strengthened.We will complete our work nationwide on designating permanent basic cropland and provide special protection for such cropland, promote the development of high-standard cropland, improve the subsoil of an additional ten million hectares of cropland, and increase the area of cropland covered by efficient water-saving irrigation by 1.33 million hectares.We will explore trials of crop rotation and fallow land.We will promote the innovation and application of agricultural science and technology.We will promote green, high-yield, and cost efficient food crop production and achieve zero growth in the use of chemical fertilizers and insecticides.In fiscal allocations, investment in agriculture will be ensured, a national agricultural credit guaranty system will be established, the agricultural insurance system and rural financial services will be improved, and more investment in agricultural modernization will be encouraged.改善農村公共設施和服務。加大農村基礎設施建設力度，新建改建農村公路20萬公里，具備條件的鄉鎮和建制村要加快通硬化路、通客車。抓緊新一輪農村電網改造升級，兩年內實現農村穩定可靠供電服務和平原地區機井通電全覆蓋。實施飲水安全鞏固提升工程。推動電子商務進農村。開展農村人居環境整治，建設美麗宜居鄉村。

– We will improve public services and facilities in rural areas.We will step up the development of rural infrastructure.An additional 200,000 kilometers of rural roads will be built or upgraded.In towns, townships, and incorporated villages, where conditions allow, efforts should be stepped up to build paved roads and provide access to bus services.We will act promptly to launch a new round of efforts to upgrade rural power grids, and our goal is to ensure a stable and reliable supply of power to all rural areas and all electric pump sets on rural flatlands within the next two years.We will build on past progress to make further advances in providing access to safe drinking water.We will encourage the introduction of e-commerce into rural areas.We will work hard to improve rural living environments, building an even more livable and beautiful countryside.實施脫貧攻堅工程。今年要完成1000萬以上農村貧困人口脫貧任務，其中易地搬遷脫貧200萬人以上，繼續推進貧困農戶危房改造。中央財政扶貧資金增長43.4%。在貧困縣推進涉農資金整合。堅持精準扶貧脫貧，因人因地施策。大力培育特色產業，支持就業創業。解決好通路、通水、通電、通網絡等問題，增強集中連片特困地區和貧困人口發展能力。國家各項惠民政策和民生項目，要向貧困地區傾斜。深入開展定點扶貧、東西協作扶貧，支持社會力量參與脫貧攻堅。扶貧脫貧是硬任務，各級政府已經立下軍令狀，必須按時保質保量完成。

– We will combat poverty.This year, we will help more than ten million rural residents lift themselves out of poverty, including over two million poor residents who are to be relocated from inhospitable areas, and continue to rebuild the dilapidated housing of poor rural households.Central government funds for poverty alleviation efforts will be increased by 43.4%.In poor counties, various funds for rural development will be integrated.We will take targeted measures to alleviate and eliminate poverty in light of local conditions.We will channel significant energy into cultivating business operations with distinctive local features in support of employment and business development.We will construct infrastructure such as roads, water and power supply, and Internet access, and work to strengthen the ability of contiguous poor areas and persons in need to achieve development.National programs aimed at providing people with policy support and promoting people’s wellbeing will be weighted toward poor areas.We will give stronger support to targeted poor areas, encourage the eastern region to help in the alleviation of poverty in the western region, and support nongovernmental participation in combatting poverty.Poverty reduction is a must, governments at all levels have made the pledge, and it must be accomplished both qualitatively and quantitatively within the timeframe set.（五）推進新一輪高水平對外開放，著力實現合作共贏。面對國際經濟合作和競爭格局的深刻變化，順應國內經濟提質增效升級的迫切需要，要堅定不移擴大對外開放，在開放中增強發展新動能、增添改革新動力、增創競爭新優勢。

5.Carry out a new round of high-quality opening up and work to achieve mutually beneficial cooperation

In the face of profound changes in international economic cooperation and competition, and in response to the urgent need to improve the performance of and upgrade China’s economy, we must open wider to the outside world with unwavering resolve.By doing so, we can strengthen new drivers of development, add new forces to propel reform forward, and create new competitive strengths for China.扎實推進“一帶一路”建設。統籌國內區域開發開放與國際經濟合作，共同打造陸上經濟走廊和海上合作支點，推動互聯互通、經貿合作、人文交流。構建沿線大通關合作機制，建設國際物流大通道。推進邊境經濟合作區、跨境經濟合作區、境外經貿合作區建設。堅持共商共建共享，使“一帶一路”成為和平友誼紐帶、共同繁榮之路。

– We will work to secure solid progress in pursuing the Belt and Road Initiative.We will promote domestic regional development and opening up and international economic cooperation in a coordinated way, work with other countries and regions to build overland economic corridors and maritime cooperation hubs, and promote connectivity, economic and trade cooperation, and cultural exchange.We will work to develop cooperative mechanisms for achieving compatibility in customs clearance procedures along the routes and build international logistics networks.We will promote the development of border economic cooperation zones, cross-border economic cooperation zones, and overseas economic and trade cooperation zones.With a commitment to achieving common development and shared growth through joint consultation, we will ensure that the Belt and Road Initiativecreates bonds of peace, friendship, and common prosperity.擴大國際產能合作。堅持企業為主、政府推動、市場化運作，實施一批重大示范項目。落實和完善財稅金融支持政策，設立人民幣海外合作基金，用好雙邊產能合作基金。推動裝備、技術、標準、服務走出去，打造中國制造金字品牌。

– We will work to achieve greater industrial-capacity cooperation with other countries.We will launch demonstration projects in accordance with the principle that enterprises should be the main actors, that government should provide support, and that operations should be market based.We will improve and implement related supporting fiscal, tax, and financial policies, establish an RMB overseas cooperation fund and make good use of bilateral industrial-capacity cooperation funds.We will promote greater use of Chinese equipment, technology, standards, and services in the international market, and help Chinese manufacturing brands gain international recognition.促進外貿創新發展。面對外需持續低迷的嚴峻形勢，要多措并舉，遏制進出口下滑勢頭。一要加快落實和完善政策。優化出口退稅率結構，確保及時足額退稅，嚴厲打擊騙取退稅。增加短期出口信用保險規模，實現成套設備出口融資保險應保盡保。二要鼓勵商業模式創新。擴大跨境電子商務試點，支持企業建設一批出口產品“海外倉”，促進外貿綜合服務企業發展。三要優化貿易結構。開展服務貿易創新發展試點，增加服務外包示范城市，加快發展文化對外貿易。進一步整合優化海關特殊監管區域，促進加工貿易向中西部地區轉移、向產業鏈中高端延伸。四要推進貿易便利化。全面推廣國際貿易“單一窗口”。降低出口商品查驗率。五要實施更加積極的進口政策。擴大先進技術設備、關鍵零部件及緊缺能源原材料進口。

– We will develop innovative ways to promote foreign trade.Faced with continuously weak foreign demand, we need to take a combination of measures to stop the decline in imports and exports.First, we will move faster to improve and implement policies.We will improve the structure of export tax rebate rates, ensure rebates are paid promptly and in full, and crack down on fraudulent claims.We will increase short-term export-credit insurance and provide export financing insurance for all insurable complete sets of equipment.Second, we will encourage innovative business models.We will expand trials in cross-border e-commerce, support enterprises in developing overseas warehouses for export products, and promote the development of enterprises that provide comprehensive foreign trade services.Third, we will improve the trade mix.We will launch trials to create innovative ways of developing trade in services, see that more cities become trendsetters in providing foreign outsourced services, and accelerate the development of foreign trade in cultural goods and services.We will further integrate and improve special customs regulation zones, and encourage processing trade to move to the central and western regions and extend to the medium-high end of the industrial chain.Fourth, we will further facilitate trade.We will see that the single window system is implemented for international trade nationwide.We will reduce the frequency of inspections for exports.Fifth, we will adopt a more proactive import policy.We will increase the import of advanced technology and equipment, key spare parts and components, and energy and raw materials in short supply in China.提高利用外資水平。繼續放寬投資準入，擴大服務業和一般制造業開放，簡化外商投資企業設立程序，加大招商引資力度。創新內陸和沿邊開放模式，打造新的外向型產業集群，引導外資更多投向中西部地區。擴大自貿試驗區試點。創新開發區體制機制。我們將營造更加公平、更為透明、更可預期的投資環境，中國要始終成為富有吸引力的外商投資熱土。

– We will work to make better use of overseas investment.We will continue to relax market access restrictions on investment, further open the service sector and the general manufacturing sector, simplify procedures for establishing companies with overseas investment, and step up efforts to attract more investment.We will create new models of opening up for inland and border areas, develop new overseas-oriented industrial clusters, and encourage more overseas investment in the central and western regions.Pilot free trade zones will be established in more parts of the country.We will improve the systems and mechanisms for governing development zones.With these efforts, China’s investment environment will become even more fair, transparent, and predictable, and China will be able to maintain strong appeal and serve as a favorite destination for overseas investment.加快實施自由貿易區戰略。積極商簽區域全面經濟伙伴關系協定，加快中日韓自貿區等談判，推進中美、中歐投資協定談判，加強亞太自貿區聯合戰略研究。我們愿與各方一道，推進貿易投資自由化，共同構建均衡、共贏、包容的國際經貿體系。

– We will accelerate implementation of the free trade zone strategy.We wish to actively negotiate and sign the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement.We will help speed up negotiations on the establishment of the China-Japan-RoK free trade area.We will work to make progress in negotiations on investment agreements between China and the United States and between China and the European Union.We will help strengthen collective strategic research on the Free Trade Area of the Asia-Pacific.China wishes to work with all interested parties to move ahead with trade and investment liberalization and establish an international economic and trade system that is balanced, inclusive, and beneficial for all.（六）加大環境治理力度，推動綠色發展取得新突破。治理污染、保護環境，事關人民群眾健康和可持續發展，必須強力推進，下決心走出一條經濟發展與環境改善雙贏之路。

6.Step up environmental governance efforts and work to see breakthroughs in green development

Pollution control and environmental protection are important to both the health of our people and sustainable development, so we must work hard moving forward and resolve to take a path that leads to both economic development and environmental improvement.重拳治理大氣霧霾和水污染。今年化學需氧量、氨氮排放量要分別下降2%，二氧化硫、氮氧化物排放量分別下降3%，重點地區細顆粒物（PM2.5）濃度繼續下降。著力抓好減少燃煤排放和機動車排放。加強煤炭清潔高效利用，減少散煤使用，推進以電代煤、以氣代煤。全面實施燃煤電廠超低排放和節能改造。加快淘汰不符合強制性標準的燃煤鍋爐。增加天然氣供應，完善風能、太陽能、生物質能等發展扶持政策，提高清潔能源比重。鼓勵秸稈資源化綜合利用，限制直接焚燒。全面推廣車用燃油國五標準，淘汰黃標車和老舊車380萬輛。在重點區域實行大氣污染聯防聯控。全面推進城鎮污水處理設施建設與改造，加強農業面源污染和流域水環境綜合治理。加大工業污染源治理力度，對排污企業全面實行在線監測。強化環境保護督察，做到獎懲分明。新修訂的環境保護法必須嚴格執行，對超排偷排者必須依法嚴厲打擊，對姑息縱容者必須依法嚴肅追究。

– We will take strong measures against air and water pollution.This year, we will ensure that chemical oxygen demand and ammonia nitrogen emissions are both reduced by 2%, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide emissions are cut by 3%, and the density of fine particulate matter(PM2.5)in key areas continues to fall.We will focus on promoting the reduction of emissions from the burning of coal and motor vehicles.We will work to promote cleaner and more efficient use of coal, ensure there is less use of untreated coal, and do more to see coal substituted with electricity and natural gas.We will upgrade coal-burning power plants nationwide to achieve ultra-low emissions and energy efficiency, and we will move faster to shut down coal-fired boilers that do not meet compulsory standards.We will increase natural gas supply, improve policy support for the development of wind, solar, and biomass energy, and increase the proportion of clean energy in total energy consumption.We will encourage a whole range of forms of straw utilization and restrict open burning.We will push for the use of automobile gasoline and diesel fuel that meet National-V standards nationwide and see that 3.8 million old or high-emission vehicles are taken off the roads.We will coordinate efforts to prevent and control air pollution in regions where it presents a problem.We will press ahead with the nationwide development and upgrading of urban sewage treatment facilities, and strengthen comprehensive efforts aimed at controlling agricultural pollution from non-point sources and at improving the water environment in river basin areas.We will step up efforts to deal with industrial pollution at the source and conduct online monitoring of all polluting enterprises.We will strengthen environmental inspection and reward and punish as appropriate.We must ensure that the newly revised Environmental Protection Law is strictly enforced, that those who emit pollutants beyond the limit allowed by their permit or without a permit are severely punished as stipulated by law, and that those who knowingly allow such violations are held to account in accordance with the law.大力發展節能環保產業。擴大綠色環保標準覆蓋面。完善扶持政策，支持推廣節能環保先進技術裝備，廣泛開展合同能源管理和環境污染第三方治理，加大建筑節能改造力度，加快傳統制造業綠色改造。開展全民節能、節水行動，推進垃圾分類處理，健全再生資源回收利用網絡，把節能環保產業培育成我國發展的一大支柱產業。

– We will work to develop the energy conservation and environmental protection industries.We will ensure that environmental standards are applied in more areas.We will improve policy support to encourage the use of energy-saving and environmentally friendly advanced technologies and equipment, promote on a large scale contracted energy management and third-party treatment of environmental pollution, and work to see that energy-saving renovations in buildings are strengthened and efforts are accelerated to make traditional manufacturing more eco-friendly.We will encourage everyone to conserve energy and water, make progress in using sorted treatment of waste, improve the networks for recycling renewable resources, and turn the energy conservation and environmental protection industries into pillar industries underpinning China’s development.加強生態安全屏障建設。健全生態保護補償機制。停止天然林商業性采伐，實行新一輪草原生態保護補助獎勵政策。推進地下水超采區綜合治理試點，實施濕地等生態保護與恢復工程，繼續治理荒漠化、石漠化和水土流失。保護環境，人人有責。每一個社會成員都要自覺行動起來，為建設美麗中國貢獻力量。

– We will continue to develop ecological security barriers.We will improve mechanisms for compensating for ecological conservation efforts.Commercial logging in natural forests will be banned, and a new round of subsidy and award policies for grassland ecological conservation efforts will be implemented.Trials to comprehensively deal with the over-abstraction of groundwater will be moved ahead, more will be done to protect and restore wetlands and other ecosystems, and continued efforts will be made to curb desertification, rock desertification, and soil erosion.Every one of us has an obligation to protect the environment – we call on every member of society to act and contribute to the building of a Beautiful China.（七）切實保障改善民生，加強社會建設。為政之道，民生為本。我們要念之再

三、銘之肺腑，多謀民生之利，多解民生之憂。財政收入增長雖放緩，但該給群眾辦的實事一件也不能少。

7.Strengthen social development to promote people’s well being

The best form of governance is that which puts people’s wellbeing first.We must never lose sight of this and do more to improve the lives of our people and address their concerns.Growth in government revenue is slowing, but when it comes to getting things done for the welfare of the people, we mustn’t drop a single thing.著力擴大就業創業。實施更加積極的就業政策，鼓勵以創業帶動就業。今年高校畢業生將高達765萬人，要落實好就業促進計劃和創業引領計劃，促進多渠道就業創業。用好失業保險基金結余，增加穩就業資金規模，做好企業下崗職工技能培訓和再就業工作，對城鎮就業困難人員提供托底幫扶。完成2100萬人次以上農民工職業技能提升培訓任務。加強對靈活就業、新就業形態的扶持。切實做好退役軍人安置和就業創業服務工作。

– We will promote growth in employment and new businesses.We will pursue a more proactive employment policy and encourage business startups that create employment.This year, there will be up to 7.65 million college graduates.We will use multiple channels to increase employment and encourage entrepreneurship by implementing initiatives for promoting employment of college graduates and guiding them in starting up their own businesses.We will make good use of the surplus from unemployment insurance funds and increase funds for keeping job creation stable to provide skills training for laid-off enterprise employees and help them find new employment and offer basic needs assistance to those in urban areas who face difficulties in securing employment.Over 21 million training opportunities should be provided for migrant workers to improve their skills.We will strengthen assistance for flexible employment and new forms of employment.We will see that demobilized military personnel are settled into new jobs or have good access to employment and business startup services.發展更高質量更加公平的教育。教育承載著國家的未來、人民的期盼。公共教育投入要加大向中西部和邊遠、貧困地區傾斜力度。統一城鄉義務教育經費保障機制，改善薄弱學校和寄宿制學校辦學條件。支持普惠性幼兒園發展。辦好特殊教育。加快健全現代職業教育體系，分類推進中等職業教育免除學雜費。對貧困家庭學生率先免除普通高中學雜費。落實提高鄉村教師待遇政策。加快推進遠程教育，擴大優質教育資源覆蓋面。提升高校教學水平和創新能力，推動具備條件的普通本科高校向應用型轉變。繼續擴大重點高校面向貧困地區農村招生規模，落實和完善農民工隨遷子女在當地就學和升學考試政策。支持和規范民辦教育發展。教育要促進學生德智體美全面發展，注重培養各類高素質創新型人才。從家庭到學校、從政府到社會，都要為孩子們的安全健康、成長成才擔起責任，共同托起明天的希望。

– We will promote fairer access to quality education.Education is where a country’s future and its people’s hopes and aspirations lie.We will allocate a greater share of funds for public education to the central and western regions and to remote and poor areas.We will unify the urban and rural mechanisms for funding compulsory education and improve conditions in boarding schools and schools which are badly built or poorly operated.We will support the development of kindergartens open to all children.We will see that special needs education is well provided.We will work faster to modernize the vocational education system and, type by type, begin waiving all tuition and miscellaneous fees at schools providing secondary vocational education.Students from families with financial difficulties will be the first to be exempted from tuition and miscellaneous fees at regular senior high schools.The salary and other benefits of teachers in rural areas will be increased.We will move faster to promote distance learning and expand the reach of quality educational resources.Institutions of higher learning should strengthen their teaching and their capacity for innovation.Regular undergraduate institutions will be encouraged to shift their focus toward providing applied education if they are in a position to do so.We will continue to help see the increased enrollment of students from poor rural areas into key colleges, and improve and implement policies enabling children who live with their migrant worker parents to go to secondary school or take college entrance exams in their city of residence.We will support the development of privately run educational institutions and work to ensure they meet all relevant standards.Education should promote the moral, intellectual, physical, and artistic development of students, and particular attention should be given to fostering all kinds of high-caliber creative talent.Families, schools, governments, and our society as a whole must together shoulder the responsibility of ensuring our children, our hope for tomorrow, are safe, healthy, and can grow up with the opportunity to reach their full potential.協調推進醫療、醫保、醫藥聯動改革。健康是幸福之基。今年要實現大病保險全覆蓋，政府加大投入，讓更多大病患者減輕負擔。中央財政安排城鄉醫療救助補助資金160億元，增長9.6%。整合城鄉居民基本醫保制度，財政補助由每人每年380元提高到420元。改革醫保支付方式，加快推進基本醫保全國聯網和異地就醫結算。擴大公立醫院綜合改革試點城市范圍，協同推進醫療服務價格、藥品流通等改革。深化藥品醫療器械審評審批制度改革。加快培養全科醫生、兒科醫生。在70%左右的地市開展分級診療試點?；竟残l生服務經費財政補助從人均40元提高到45元，促進醫療資源向基層和農村流動。鼓勵社會辦醫。發展中醫藥、民族醫藥事業。建立健全符合醫療行業特點的人事薪酬制度，保護和調動醫務人員積極性。構建和諧醫患關系。完善一對夫婦可生育兩個孩子的配套政策。為了人民健康，要加快健全統一權威的食品藥品安全監管體制，嚴守從農田到餐桌、從企業到醫院的每一道防線，讓人民群眾飲食用藥安全放心。

– We will advance the coordinated reform of medical services, medical insurance, and the medicine industry.Health is at the root of happiness.This year, we aim to realize full coverage of the serious disease insurance scheme, and government funding for the scheme will be increased to reduce the financial

第二篇：2012 政府工作報告 中英文

第三篇：17大政府工作報告(中英文)

十七大報告全文英漢對照

[ 2007-10-31 09:50 ] 中國共產黨第十七次全國代表大會于2007年10月15日上午在人民大會堂開幕。胡錦濤總書記在會上提出，高舉中國特色社會主義偉大旗幟，為奪取全面建設小康社會新勝利而奮斗。

以下為胡錦濤總書記報告全文的中英文對照，均為新華社發表的官方版本，供讀者學習參考。

一、過去五年的工作

二、改革開放的偉大歷史進程

三、深入貫徹落實科學發展觀

四、實現全面建設小康社會奮斗目標的新要求

五、促進國民經濟又好又快發展

六、堅定不移發展社會主義民主政治

七、推動社會主義文化大發展大繁榮

八、加快推進以改善民生為重點的社會建設

九、開創國防和軍隊現代化建設新局面

十、推進“一國兩制”實踐和祖國和平統一大業

十一、始終不渝走和平發展道路

十二、以改革創新精神全面推進黨的建設新的偉大工程

十七大報告全文英漢對照

Hold High the Great Banner of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics and Strive for New Victories in Building a Moderately Prosperous Society in all Respects

Report to the Seventeenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China on Oct.15, 2007 Hu Jintao

Comrades, Now I would like to make a report to the Seventeenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China(CPC)on behalf of the Sixteenth Central Committee.The Seventeenth Congress is one of vital importance being held at a crucial stage of China's reform and development.The theme of the congress is to hold high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics, follow the guidance of Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of Three Represents, thoroughly apply the Scientific Outlook on Development, continue to emancipate the mind, persist in reform and opening up, pursue development in a scientific way, promote social harmony, and strive for new victories in building a moderately prosperous

高舉中國特色社會主義偉大旗幟 為奪取全面建設小康社會新勝利而奮斗 ━━胡錦濤主席在中國共產黨第十七次全國代表大會上的報告（2007年10月15日）同志們:

現在，我代表第十六屆中央委員會向大會作報告。

中國共產黨第十七次全國代表大會，是在我國改革發展關鍵階段召開的一次十分重要的大會。大會的主題是：高舉中國特色社會主義偉大旗幟，以鄧小平理論和“三個代表”重要思想為指導，深入貫徹落實科學發展觀，繼續解放思想，堅持改革開放，推動科學發展，促進社會和諧，為奪取全面建設小康社會新勝利而奮斗。

中國特色社會主義偉大旗幟，是當代中國發展進步的旗幟，是全黨全國各族人民團結奮斗的旗幟。解放思想是發展中國特色社會主義的一大法寶，改革開放是發展中國特色社會主義的強大動力，科學發展、社會和諧是發展中國特色社會主義的基本要求，全面建設小康社會

十七大報告全文英漢對照 society in all respects.The great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics is the banner guiding development and progress in contemporary China and rallying the whole Party and the people of all ethnic groups in the country in our common endeavor.Emancipating the mind is a magic instrument for developing socialism with Chinese characteristics, reform and opening up provide a strong driving force for developing it, and scientific development and social harmony are basic requirements for developing it.Building a moderately prosperous society in all respects is a goal for the Party and the state to reach by 2020, and represents the fundamental interests of the people of all ethnic groups.The world today is undergoing extensive and profound changes, and contemporary China is going through a wide-ranging and deep-going transformation.This brings us unprecedented opportunities as well as unprecedented challenges, with the formeroutweighing the latter.The whole Party must unswervingly hold high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics and lead the people in starting from this new historical point, grasping and making the most of the important period of strategic opportunities, staying realistic and pragmatic,forging ahead with determination, continuing to build a moderately prosperous society in all respects and accelerate socialist modernization, and accomplishing the lofty mission bestowed by the times.I.The Work of the Past Five Years The five years since the Sixteenth Congress was an extraordinary period.In order to accomplish the arduous tasks of reform and development in a complicated and volatile international situation, the Party led the people of all ethnic groups in holding high the great banner of Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of Three Represents, overcoming difficulties and risks, creating a new situation in the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics and attaining a new realm in adapting Marxism to conditions in China.是黨和國家到二０二０年的奮斗目標，是全國各族人民的根本利益所在。當今世界正在發生廣泛而深刻的變化，當代中國正在發生廣泛而深刻的變革。機遇前所未有，挑戰也前所未有，機遇大于挑戰。全黨必須堅定不移地高舉中國特色社會主義偉大旗幟，帶領人民從新的歷史起點出發，抓住和用好重要戰略機遇期，求真務實，銳意進取，繼續全面建設小康社會、加快推進社會主義現代化，完成時代賦予的崇高使命。

一、過去五年的工作

十六大以來的五年是不平凡的五年。面對復雜多變的國際環境和艱巨繁重的改革發展任務，黨帶領全國各族人民，高舉鄧小平理論和“三個代表”重要思想偉大旗幟，戰勝各種困難和風險，開創了中國特色社會主義事業新局面，開拓了馬克思主義中國化新境界。

十六大確立“三個代表”重要思想的指導地位，作出全面建設小康社會的戰略決策。為貫徹十六大精神，中央召開七次全會，分別就深化機構改革、完善社會主義市場經濟體制、加強黨的執政能力建設、制定“十一五”規劃、構建社會主義和諧社會等關系全局的重大問題作出決定和部署，提出并貫徹科學發展觀等重大戰略思想，推動黨和國家工作取得新的重大成就。

經濟實力大幅提升。經濟保持平穩快速發展，國內生產總值年均增長百分之十以上，經濟效益明顯提高，財政收入連年顯著增加，物價基本穩定。社會主義新農村建設扎實推進，區域發展協調性增強。創新型國家建設進展良好，自主創新能力較大提高。能源、交通、通信等基礎設施和重點工程建設成效顯著。載人航天飛行成功實現。能源資源節約和生態環境保護取得新進展?！笆濉庇媱潉倮瓿?，“十一五”規劃進展順利。

改革開放取得重大突破。農村綜合改革逐步深化，農業稅、牧業稅、特產稅全部取消，支農惠農政策不斷加強。國有

十七大報告全文英漢對照 At its Sixteenth Congress the Party established the important thought of Three Represents as its guide and made the strategic decision to build a moderately prosperous society in all respects.In order to implement the guiding principles of the congress, the Central Committee convened seven plenary sessions, at which it made decisions on and arrangements for major issues of overall significance such as deepening institutional restructuring, improving the socialist market economy, strengthening the governance capability of the Party, drawing up the Eleventh Five-Year Plan(2006-10), and building a harmonious socialist society;and it formulated and applied the Scientific Outlook on Development and other major strategic thoughts.All this helped the Party and the state score great new achievements.Economic strength increased substantially.The economy sustained steady and rapid growth.The GDP expanded by an annual average of over 10%.Economic performance improved significantly, national revenue rose markedly year by year, and prices were basically stable.Efforts to build a new socialist countryside yielded solid results, and development among regions became more balanced.The endeavor to make China an innovative nation registered good progress, with considerable improvement in the country's capacity for independent innovation.Notable achievements were scored in the construction of infrastructure including energy, transport and telecommunications facilities and other key projects.Manned spaceflights were successfully conducted.Fresh progress was registered in energy, resources, ecological and environmental conservation.The Tenth Five-Year Plan(2001-05)was fulfilled successfully and implementation of the eleventh is in smooth progress.Major breakthroughs were made in reform and opening up.Comprehensive reforms in rural areas gradually deepened;agricultural tax, livestock tax and taxes on special agricultural products were rescinded throughout the country;and policies were constantly strengthened to support and benefit agriculture, rural areas and farmers.Significant headway was made in reform of the state assets management system, state-owned enterprises, banking, public finance，資產管理體制、國有企業和金融、財稅、投資、價格、科技等領域改革取得重大進展。非公有制經濟進一步發展。市場體系不斷健全，宏觀調控繼續改善，政府職能加快轉變。進出口總額大幅增加，實施“走出去”戰略邁出堅實步伐，開放型經濟進入新階段。

人民生活顯著改善。城鄉居民收入較大增加，家庭財產普遍增多。城鄉居民最低生活保障制度初步建立，貧困人口基本生活得到保障。居民消費結構優化，衣食住行用水平不斷提高，享有的公共服務明顯增強。

民主法制建設取得新進步。政治體制改革穩步推進。人民代表大會制度、中國共產黨領導的多黨合作和政治協商制度、民族區域自治制度不斷完善，基層民主活力增強。人權事業健康發展。愛國統一戰線發展壯大。中國特色社會主義法律體系基本形成，依法治國基本方略切實貫徹。行政管理體制、司法體制改革不斷深化。

文化建設開創新局面。社會主義核心價值體系建設扎實推進，馬克思主義理論研究和建設工程成效明顯。思想道德建設廣泛開展，全社會文明程度進一步提高。文化體制改革取得重要進展，文化事業和文化產業快速發展，人民精神文化生活更加豐富。全民健身和競技體育取得新成績。

社會建設全面展開。各級各類教育迅速發展，農村免費義務教育全面實現。就業規模日益擴大。社會保障體系建設進一步加強?？箵舴堑淙〉弥卮髣倮残l生體系和基本醫療服務不斷健全，人民健康水平不斷提高。社會管理逐步完善，社會大局穩定，人民安居樂業。國防和軍隊建設取得歷史性成就。中國特色軍事變革加速推進，裁減軍隊員額二十萬任務順利完成，軍隊革命化、現代化、正規化建設全面加強，履行新世紀新階段歷史使命能力顯著提高。

十七大報告全文英漢對照 taxation, investment, pricing, and the system for managing science and technology.The non-public sector of the economy grew stronger.A sound market system was being put in place, macroeconomic regulation continued to improve, and transformation of government functions was accelerated.The total volume of imports and exports increased sharply.Solid steps were taken in implementing the “go global” strategy, and the open economy entered a new stage of development.Living standards improved significantly.Both urban and rural incomes increased considerably, and most families had more property than before.The system of subsistence allowances for urban and rural residents was basically in place, guaranteeing basic living conditions for the poor.Residents improved their consumption patterns, had increasingly better food, clothing, housing, transport and other daily necessities, and enjoyed markedly improved public services.Fresh progress was registered in improving democracy and the legal system.Political restructuring progressed steadily.Constant improvement was made in the system of people's congresses, the system of multiparty cooperation and political consultation under the leadership of the CPC and the system of regional ethnic autonomy.Primary-level democracy increased its vitality.The cause of human rights witnessed sound development.The patriotic united front grew stronger.A socialist law system with Chinese characteristics was basically in place.The rule of law was effectively implemented as a fundamental principle.Reform of the government administration system and the judicial system continued to deepen.A new situation was created in cultural development.Efforts to establish the system of socialist core values made steady headway and marked achievements were scored in the Project to Study and Develop Marxist Theory.Extensive efforts were made to raise ideological and ethical standards and the whole of society became more culturally advanced.Cultural restructuring made important progress, cultural programs and the cultural industry developed rapidly，港澳工作和對臺工作進一步加強。香港、澳門保持繁榮穩定，與內地經貿關系更加緊密。兩岸政黨交流成功開啟，人員往來和經濟文化交流達到新水平。制定反分裂國家法，堅決維護國家主權和領土完整。

全方位外交取得重大進展。堅持獨立自主的和平外交政策，各項外交工作積極開展，同各國的交流合作廣泛加強，在國際事務中發揮重要建設性作用，為全面建設小康社會爭取了良好國際環境。黨的建設新的偉大工程扎實推進。黨的執政能力建設和先進性建設深入進行。理論創新和理論武裝卓有成效。保持共產黨員先進性教育活動取得重大成果。黨內民主不斷擴大。領導班子和干部隊伍建設特別是干部教育培訓取得重要進展，人才工作進一步加強，干部人事制度改革和組織制度創新不斷深入。黨風廉政建設和反腐敗斗爭成效明顯。

在看到成績的同時，也要清醒認識到，我們的工作與人民的期待還有不小差距，前進中還面臨不少困難和問題，突出的是：經濟增長的資源環境代價過大；城鄉、區域、經濟社會發展仍然不平衡；農業穩定發展和農民持續增收難度加大；勞動就業、社會保障、收入分配、教育衛生、居民住房、安全生產、司法和社會治安等方面關系群眾切身利益的問題仍然較多，部分低收入群眾生活比較困難；思想道德建設有待加強；黨的執政能力同新形勢新任務不完全適應，對改革發展穩定一些重大實際問題的調查研究不夠深入；一些基層黨組織軟弱渙散；少數黨員干部作風不正，形式主義、官僚主義問題比較突出，奢侈浪費、消極腐敗現象仍然比較嚴重。我們要高度重視這些問題，繼續認真加以解決。

總起來說，這五年，是改革開放和全面建設小康社會取得重大進展的五年，是

十七大報告全文英漢對照 and the people enjoyed a richer cultural life.Fresh progress was made inpublic fitness programs and competitive sports.Social development proceeded in an all-round way.Education of various kinds and at different levels developed rapidly.Free compulsory education was made available in all rural areas.More job opportunities were created.The social security system was strengthened.The battle against SARS came to a great victory.The public health system and basic medical care constantly improved, contributing to better health of the people.Social management improved step by step.Social stability was ensured and the people lived and worked in peace and contentment.Historic achievements were scored in the development of national defense and the armed forces.The revolution in military affairs with Chinese characteristics was accelerated.The armed forces were reduced by 200,000 troops.Efforts were intensified in all respects to make the armed forces more revolutionary, modernized and standardized, which notably increased their capacity to accomplish their historical missions at this new stage in the new century.Work related to Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan affairs was intensified.Hong Kong and Macao maintained their prosperity and stability and developed closer economic partnership with the mainland.Political parties on both sides of the Taiwan Straits started communication, and cross-Straits visits as well as economic and cultural exchanges reached a new high.The Anti-Secession Law was enacted to resolutely safeguard China's sovereignty and territorial integrity.Major progress was made in all-directional diplomacy.Pursuing an independent foreign policy of peace, China energetically carried out diplomatic activities, enhanced exchanges and cooperation with other countries in various fields and played a major constructive role in international affairs.This created a favorable international environment for building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.The great new undertaking to build the Party made solid progress.Endeavors to strengthen the Party's

我國綜合國力大幅提升和人民得到更多實惠的五年，是我國國際地位和影響顯著提高的五年，是黨的創造力、凝聚力、戰斗力明顯增強和全黨全國各族人民團結更加緊密的五年。實踐充分證明，十六大和十六大以來中央作出的各項重大決策是完全正確的。

五年來的成就，是全黨全國各族人民共同奮斗的結果。我代表中共中央，向全國各族人民，向各民主黨派、各人民團體和各界愛國人士，向香港特別行政區同胞、澳門特別行政區同胞和臺灣同胞以及廣大僑胞，向一切關心和支持中國現代化建設的各國朋友，表示衷心的

十七大報告全文英漢對照 governance capability and vanguard nature were intensified.Efforts to make theoretical innovations and arm Party members with the achievements proved successful.The campaign to educate Party members to preserve their vanguard nature yielded substantial results.Intra-Party democracy continued to expand.Major headway was made in strengthening the Party's leading bodies and the ranks of its cadres, and especially in educating and training cadres.Work in relation to talented personnel was strengthened.Efforts were stepped up to reform the cadre and personnel system and make innovations in the organizational system.Remarkable results were achieved in improving the Party's style of work, upholding integrity and combating corruption.While recognizing our achievements, we must be well aware that they still fall short of the expectations of the people and that there are still quite a few difficulties and problems on our way forward.The outstanding ones include the following: Our economic growth is realized at an excessively high cost of resources and the environment.There remains an imbalance in development between urban and rural areas, among regions, and between the economy and society.It has become more difficult to bring about a steady growth of agriculture and continued increase in farmers' incomes.There are still many problems affecting people's immediate interests in areas such as employment, social security, income distribution, education, public health, housing, work safety, administration of justice and public order;and some low-income people lead a rather difficult life.More efforts are needed to promote ideological and ethical progress.The governance capability of the Party falls somewhat short of the need to deal with the new situation and tasks.In-depth investigations and studies have yet to be conducted on some major practical issues related to reform, development and stability.Some primary Party organizations are weak and lax.A small number of Party cadres are not honest and upright, their formalism and bureaucratism are quite conspicuous, and extravagance, waste, corruption and other undesirable behavior are still serious problems with them.We must pay close

十七大報告全文英漢對照 attention to these problems and continue our efforts to solve them.To sum up, the past five years was a period in which substantial progress was made in reform, opening up and building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.During this period, China's overall strength grew considerably and the people enjoyed more tangible benefits.China's international standing and influence rose notably.The creativity, cohesion and combat effectiveness of the Party increased significantly, and the whole Party and the people of all ethnic groups became more united.Facts have proved that the major policy decisions made by the Central Committee at and since the Sixteenth Congress are perfectly correct.Our achievements over the past five years are attributed to the concerted efforts of the whole Party and the people of all ethnic groups.On behalf of the Central Committee, I wish to express our heartfelt thanks to the people of all ethnic groups, the democratic parties, people's organizations and patriots from all walks of life, to our compatriots in the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macao and in Taiwan as well as overseas Chinese nationals, and to our foreign friends who care about and support China's modernization drive！

II.The Great Historical Course of Reform and Opening Up We will soon be celebrating the 30th anniversary of the start of reform and opening up.In 1978, the Party held the historic Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, which ushered in the new historical period of reform and opening up.Since then, the Chinese Communists and the Chinese people have, in an indomitable enterprising spirit and with their spectacular practice of innovation, composed a new epic recounting the Chinese nation's ceaseless efforts to make progress and become stronger, and historic changes have taken place in the visages of the Chinese people, socialist China and the CPC.Reform and opening up represent a great new revolution carried on by the people under the Party's leadership in a new era to release and develop the

二、改革開放的偉大歷史進程

我們即將迎來改革開放三十周年。一九七八年，我們黨召開具有重大歷史意義的十一屆三中全會，開啟了改革開放歷史新時期。從那時以來，中國共產黨人和中國人民以一往無前的進取精神和波瀾壯闊的創新實踐，譜寫了中華民族自強不息、頑強奮進新的壯麗史詩，中國人民的面貌、社會主義中國的面貌、中國共產黨的面貌發生了歷史性變化。

改革開放是黨在新的時代條件下帶領人民進行的新的偉大革命，目的就是要解放和發展社會生產力，實現國家現代

十七大報告全文英漢對照 productive forces, modernize the country, bring prosperity to the Chinese people and achieve the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation;to promote the self-improvement and development of China's socialist system, inject new vitality into socialism, and build and develop socialism with Chinese characteristics;and to improve the building of the Party as it leads contemporary China in development and progress, preserve and enhance its vanguard nature, and ensure that it is always in the forefront of the times.We must never forget that the great cause of reform and opening up was conducted on a foundation laid by the Party's first generation of central collective leadership with Comrade Mao Zedong at its core, which founded Mao Zedong Thought, led the whole Party and the people of all ethnic groups in establishing the People's Republic and scoring great achievements in our socialist revolution and construction, and gained invaluable experience in its painstaking exploration for laws governing socialist construction.The victory in the new-democratic revolution and the establishment of the basic system of socialism provided the fundamental political prerequisite and institutional basis for every inch of development and progress in contemporary China.We must never forget that the great cause of reform and opening up was initiated by the Party's second generation of central collective leadership with Comrade Deng Xiaoping at its core leading the whole Party and the people of all ethnic groups in the endeavor.In a precarious situation left by the “cultural revolution”(1966-76), the second generation of central collective leadership, persisting in emancipating the mind and seeking truth from facts and displaying immense political and theoretical courage, made a scientific appraisal of Comrade Mao Zedong and Mao Zedong Thought, thoroughly repudiated the erroneous theory and practice of “taking class struggle as the key link,” and made the historic policy decision to shift the focus of the work of the Party and the state onto economic development and introduce reform and opening up.It established the basic line for the primary stage of socialism, sounded the clarion call of the times for taking our own

化，讓中國人民富裕起來，振興偉大的中華民族；就是要推動我國社會主義制度自我完善和發展，賦予社會主義新的生機活力，建設和發展中國特色社會主義；就是要在引領當代中國發展進步中加強和改進黨的建設，保持和發展黨的先進性，確保黨始終走在時代前列。

我們要永遠銘記，改革開放偉大事業，是在以毛澤東同志為核心的黨的第一代中央領導集體創立毛澤東思想，帶領全黨全國各族人民建立新中國、取得社會主義革命和建設偉大成就以及艱辛探索社會主義建設規律取得寶貴經驗的基礎上進行的。新民主主義革命的勝利，社會主義基本制度的建立，為當代中國一切發展進步奠定了根本政治前提和制度基礎。

我們要永遠銘記，改革開放偉大事業，是以鄧小平同志為核心的黨的第二代中央領導集體帶領全黨全國各族人民開創的。面對十年“文化大革命”造成的危難局面，黨的第二代中央領導集體堅持解放思想、實事求是，以巨大的政治勇氣和理論勇氣，科學評價毛澤東同志和毛澤東思想，徹底否定“以階級斗爭為綱”的錯誤理論和實踐，作出把黨和國家工作中心轉移到經濟建設上來、實行改革開放的歷史性決策，確立社會主義初級階段基本路線，吹響走自己的路、建設中國特色社會主義的時代號角，創立鄧小平理論，指引全黨全國各族人民在改革開放的偉大征程上闊步前進。

我們要永遠銘記，改革開放偉大事業，是以江澤民同志為核心的黨的第三代中央領導集體帶領全黨全國各族人民繼承、發展并成功推向二十一世紀的。從十三屆四中全會到十六大，受命于重大歷史關頭的黨的第三代中央領導集

十七大報告全文英漢對照 road and building socialism with Chinese characteristics, founded Deng Xiaoping Theory, and led the whole Party and the people of all ethnic groups in striding forward on the great journey of reform and opening up.We must never forget that the great cause of reform and opening up was carried on, developed and successfully carried into the 21st century by the Party's third generation of central collective leadership with Comrade Jiang Zemin at its core leading the whole Party and the people of all ethnic groups on this mission.From the Fourth Plenary Session of the Thirteenth Central Committee through the Sixteenth Congress, the third generation of central collective leadership, which took over the helm at a critical historical juncture, held high the great banner of Deng Xiaoping Theory, pressed ahead with reform and opening up and kept up with the times.Relying on the Party and the people, it stood the severe tests of political turbulences and economic risks at home and abroad, safeguarded socialism with Chinese characteristics, initiated the new, socialist market economy and ushered in a new phase of all-round opening up;and it advanced the great new undertaking to build the Party, founded the important thought of Three Represents, and steered the ship of reform and opening up forward on the right course.Since the Sixteenth Congress, we have followed the guidance of Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of Three Represents, kept up with new developments and changes in and outside China, grasped the strategic opportunities in this important period, promoted the truth-seeking, pragmatic and pioneering spirit and persisted in innovation in both theory and practice.We have worked hard to promote scientific development and social harmony, improved the socialist market economy, and resolutely carried forward the great cause of reform and opening up in building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.Reform and opening up constitute the most salient feature of the new period.From the countryside to the cities and from the economic to other areas, the process of sweeping reform has unfolded with

體，高舉鄧小平理論偉大旗幟，堅持改革開放、與時俱進，在國內外政治**、經濟風險等嚴峻考驗面前，依靠黨和人民，捍衛中國特色社會主義，創建社會主義市場經濟新體制，開創全面開放新局面，推進黨的建設新的偉大工程，創立“三個代表”重要思想，繼續引領改革開放的航船沿著正確方向破浪前進。

十六大以來，我們以鄧小平理論和“三個代表”重要思想為指導，順應國內外形勢發展變化，抓住重要戰略機遇期，發揚求真務實、開拓進取精神，堅持理論創新和實踐創新，著力推動科學發展、促進社會和諧，完善社會主義市場經濟體制，在全面建設小康社會實踐中堅定不移地把改革開放偉大事業繼續推向前進。

新時期最鮮明的特點是改革開放。從農村到城市、從經濟領域到其他各個領域，全面改革的進程勢不可當地展開了；從沿海到沿江沿邊，從東部到中西部，對外開放的大門毅然決然地打開了。這場歷史上從未有過的大改革大開放，極大地調動了億萬人民的積極性，使我國成功實現了從高度集中的計劃經濟體制到充滿活力的社會主義市場經濟體制、從封閉半封閉到全方位開放的偉大歷史轉折。今天，一個面向現代化、面向世界、面向未來的社會主義中國巍然屹立在世界東方。

新時期最顯著的成就是快速發展。我們黨實施現代化建設“三步走”戰略，帶領人民艱苦奮斗，推動我國以世界上少有的速度持續快速發展起來。我國經濟從一度瀕于崩潰的邊緣發展到總量躍至世界第四、進出口總額位居世界第三，人民生活從溫飽不足發展到總體小康，農村貧困人口從兩億五千多萬減少到

十七大報告全文英漢對照 irresistible momentum.From the coastal areas to areas along the Yangtze River and the borders, and from the eastern to the central and western regions, the door has been resolutely opened to the outside world.This great undertaking of reform and opening up, never seen before in history, has greatly stimulated the enthusiasm of hundreds of millions of Chinese people and brought about China's historic transformation from a highly centralized planned economy to a robust socialist market economy, and from a closed or semi-closed state to all-round opening up.Today socialist China is standing rock-firm in the East, oriented toward modernization, the world and the future.Rapid development represents the most remarkable achievement in the new period.The Party has been implementing the three-step strategy for modernization, leading the people in working hard to promote China's sustained rapid development at a rate rarely seen in the world.China's economy, once on the verge of collapse, has grown to rank as the fourth largest in the world, and its import and export volume, the third biggest.The Chinese people, once inadequately fed and clad, are leading a fairly comfortable life on the whole.The impoverished population in rural areas has dropped from more than 250 million to just over 20 million.The country's achievements in political, cultural and social development have captured world attention.China's development has not only enabled its people to move steadily toward prosperity and happiness, but also contributed substantially to the growth of the world economy and the progress of human civilization.Keeping up with the times is the most prominent hallmark of the new period.Adhering to the Marxist ideological line, the Party has been constantly seeking answers to major theoretical and practical questions such as what socialism is and how to build it, what kind of party we must build and how to build it, and what kind of development China should achieve and how to achieve it.The Party has been constantly adapting Marxism to conditions in China, and adhering to and enriching its own basic theory, line, program and experience.Socialism and Marxism have shown great

兩千多萬，政治建設、文化建設、社會建設取得舉世矚目的成就。中國的發展，不僅使中國人民穩定地走上了富裕安康的廣闊道路，而且為世界經濟發展和人類文明進步作出了重大貢獻。

新時期最突出的標志是與時俱進。我們黨堅持馬克思主義的思想路線，不斷探索和回答什么是社會主義、怎樣建設社會主義，建設什么樣的黨、怎樣建設黨，實現什么樣的發展、怎樣發展等重大理論和實際問題，不斷推進馬克思主義中國化，堅持并豐富黨的基本理論、基本路線、基本綱領、基本經驗。社會主義和馬克思主義在中國大地上煥發出勃勃生機，給人民帶來更多福祉，使中華民族大踏步趕上時代前進潮流、迎來偉大復興的光明前景。

事實雄辯地證明，改革開放是決定當代中國命運的關鍵抉擇，是發展中國特色社會主義、實現中華民族偉大復興的必由之路；只有社會主義才能救中國，只有改革開放才能發展中國、發展社會主義、發展馬克思主義。

改革開放作為一場新的偉大革命，不可能一帆風順，也不可能一蹴而就。最根本的是，改革開放符合黨心民心、順應時代潮流，方向和道路是完全正確的，成效和功績不容否定，停頓和倒退沒有出路。

在改革開放的歷史進程中，我們黨把堅持馬克思主義基本原理同推進馬克思主義中國化結合起來，把堅持四項基本原則同堅持改革開放結合起來，把尊重人民首創精神同加強和改善黨的領導結合起來，把堅持社會主義基本制度同發展市場經濟結合起來，把推動經濟基礎變革同推動上層建筑改革結合起來，把發展社會生產力同提高全民族文明素質結合起來，把提高效率同促進社會公平結合起來，把堅持獨立自主同參與經濟全球化結合起來，把促進改革發展

十七大報告全文英漢對照 vitality on Chinese soil, brought more benefits to the people, and enabled the Chinese nation to catch up with the trend of the times in great strides and see the bright future of national rejuvenation.Facts have incontrovertibly proved that the decision to begin reform and opening up is vital to the destiny of contemporary China, that reform and opening up are the only way of developing socialism with Chinese characteristics and rejuvenating the Chinese nation, that only socialism can save China and that only reform and opening up can develop China, socialism and Marxism.As a great new revolution, reform and opening up are not to be plain sailing or be accomplished overnight.Essentially they accord with the aspirations of the Party membership and the people and keep up with the trend of the times.The orientation and path of reform and opening up are entirely correct, and their merits and achievements can never be negated.To stop or reverse reform and opening up would only lead to a blind alley.In the historical course of reform and opening up, the Party has combined adhering to the basic tenets of Marxism with adapting it to Chinese conditions, upholding the Four Cardinal Principles with adhering to the reform and opening up policy, respecting the people's pioneering initiative with strengthening the Party's leadership, adhering to the basic system of socialism with developing the market economy, effecting changes in the economic base with promoting reform of the superstructure, developing the productive forces with improving the cultural and ethical quality of the whole nation, raising efficiency with promoting social equity, pursuing independent development with taking part in economic globalization, promoting reform and development with maintaining social stability, and advancing the great cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics with making progress in the great new undertaking to build the Party.In this course the Party has gained invaluable experience in eliminating poverty, accelerating modernization, and consolidating and developing socialism in a large developing country of over one billion people.同保持社會穩定結合起來，把推進中國特色社會主義偉大事業同推進黨的建設新的偉大工程結合起來，取得了我們這樣一個十幾億人口的發展中大國擺脫貧困、加快實現現代化、鞏固和發展社會主義的寶貴經驗。

改革開放以來我們取得一切成績和進步的根本原因，歸結起來就是：開辟了中國特色社會主義道路，形成了中國特色社會主義理論體系。高舉中國特色社會主義偉大旗幟，最根本的就是要堅持這條道路和這個理論體系。

中國特色社會主義道路，就是在中國共產黨領導下，立足基本國情，以經濟建設為中心，堅持四項基本原則，堅持改革開放，解放和發展社會生產力，鞏固和完善社會主義制度，建設社會主義市場經濟、社會主義民主政治、社會主義先進文化、社會主義和諧社會，建設富強民主文明和諧的社會主義現代化國家。中國特色社會主義道路之所以完全正確、之所以能夠引領中國發展進步，關鍵在于我們既堅持了科學社會主義的基本原則，又根據我國實際和時代特征賦予其鮮明的中國特色。在當代中國，堅持中國特色社會主義道路，就是真正堅持社會主義。

中國特色社會主義理論體系，就是包括鄧小平理論、“三個代表”重要思想以及科學發展觀等重大戰略思想在內的科學理論體系。這個理論體系，堅持和發展了馬克思列寧主義、毛澤東思想，凝結了幾代中國共產黨人帶領人民不懈探索實踐的智慧和心血，是馬克思主義中國化最新成果，是黨最可寶貴的政治和精神財富，是全國各族人民團結奮斗的共同思想基礎。中國特色社會主義理論體系是不斷發展的開放的理論體系?！豆伯a黨宣言》發表以來近一百六十年

十七大報告全文英漢對照 To sum up, the fundamental reason behind all our achievements and progress since the reform and opening up policy was introduced is that we have blazed a path of socialism with Chinese characteristics and established a system of theories of socialism with Chinese characteristics.Essentially, to hold high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics means to keep to this path and uphold this system.Taking the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics means we will, under the leadership of the CPC and in light of China's basic conditions, take economic development as the central task, adhere to the Four Cardinal Principles and persevere in reform and opening up, release and develop the productive forces, consolidate and improve the socialist system, develop the socialist market economy, socialist democracy, an advanced socialist culture and a harmonious socialist society, and make China a prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced and harmonious modern socialist country.The main reason this path is completely correct and can lead China to development and progress is that we have adhered to the basic tenets of scientific socialism and in the meantime added to them distinct Chinese characteristics in light of China's conditions and the features of the times.In contemporary China, to stay true to socialism means to keep to the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics.Theories of socialism with Chinese characteristics constitute a system of scientific theories including Deng Xiaoping Theory, the important thought of Three Represents, and the Scientific Outlook on Development and other major strategic thoughts.This system represents the Party's adherence to and development of Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought and embodies the wisdom and hard work of several generations of Chinese Communists leading the people in carrying out tireless explorations and practices.It is the latest achievement in adapting Marxism to Chinese conditions, the Party's invaluable political and intellectual asset, and the common ideological foundation for the concerted endeavor of the people of all ethnic groups.It is an open system that keeps developing.Practices since the publication 的實踐證明，馬克思主義只有與本國國情相結合、與時代發展同進步、與人民群眾共命運，才能煥發出強大的生命力、創造力、感召力。在當代中國，堅持中國特色社會主義理論體系，就是真正堅持馬克思主義。

實踐永無止境，創新永無止境。全黨同志要倍加珍惜、長期堅持和不斷發展黨歷經艱辛開創的中國特色社會主義道路和中國特色社會主義理論體系，堅持解放思想、實事求是、與時俱進，勇于變革、勇于創新，永不僵化、永不停滯，不為任何風險所懼，不被任何干擾所惑，使中國特色社會主義道路越走越寬廣，讓當代中國馬克思主義放射出更加燦爛的真理光芒。

十七大報告全文英漢對照 of the Communist Manifesto nearly 160 years ago have proved that only when Marxism is integrated with the conditions of a specific country, advances in step with the times and is tied to the destiny of the people can it demonstrate its strong vitality, creativity and appeal.In contemporary China, to stay true to Marxism means to adhere to the system of theories of socialism with Chinese characteristics.There is no end to practice or innovation.All Party members must cherish the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics and the system of theories of socialism with Chinese characteristics, which the Party explored and created after going through all the hardships, keep to the path and uphold the system for a long time to come and constantly develop them.We must continue to emancipate our minds, seek truth from facts, keep up with the times, make bold changes and innovations, stay away from rigidity or stagnation, fear no risks, never be confused by any interference, broaden our path of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and ensure that the truth of Marxism of contemporary China shines even more brightly.III.Thoroughly Applying the Scientific Outlook on Development To continue to build a moderately prosperous society in all respects and develop socialism with Chinese characteristics at the new stage of development, we must follow the guidance of Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of Three Represents and thoroughly apply the Scientific Outlook on Development.The Scientific Outlook on Development is a continuation and development of the important thoughts on development advanced by the previous three generations of central collective leadership of the CPC and a concentrated expression of the Marxist world outlook and methodology with regard to development.It is a scientific theory that is in the same line as Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of Three Represents and keeps up with the times.It is an important guiding principle for China's economic and social development and a major strategic thought that

三、深入貫徹落實科學發展觀

在新的發展階段繼續全面建設小康社會、發展中國特色社會主義，必須堅持以鄧小平理論和“三個代表”重要思想為指導，深入貫徹落實科學發展觀。

科學發展觀，是對黨的三代中央領導集體關于發展的重要思想的繼承和發展，是馬克思主義關于發展的世界觀和方法論的集中體現，是同馬克思列寧主義、毛澤東思想、鄧小平理論和“三個代表”重要思想既一脈相承又與時俱進的科學理論，是我國經濟社會發展的重要指導方針，是發展中國特色社會主義必須堅持和貫徹的重大戰略思想。

科學發展觀，是立足社會主義初級階段基本國情，總結我國發展實踐，借鑒國

十七大報告全文英漢對照 we must uphold and apply in developing socialism with Chinese characteristics.In light of the basic reality that China is in the primary stage of socialism, the Scientific Outlook on Development has been formulated to meet new requirements of development by analyzing China's own practice and drawing on the experience of other countries in development.At this new stage in the new century, China's development shows a series of new features which are mainly as follows: The economic strength has increased markedly, but the overall productivity remains low, the capacity for independent innovation is weak, and the longstanding structural problems and the extensive mode of growth are yet to be fundamentally addressed.The socialist market economy is basically in place, but there remain structural and institutional obstacles slowing down development, and further reform in difficult areas is confronted with deep-seated problems.A relatively comfortable standard of living has been achieved for the people as a whole, butthe trend of a growing gap in income distribution has not been thoroughly reversed, there are still a considerable number of impoverished and low-income people in both urban and rural areas, and it has become more difficult to accommodate the interests of all sides.Efforts to balance development have yielded remarkable results, but the foundation of agriculture remains weak, the rural areas still lag behind in development, and we face an arduous task to narrow the urban-rural and interregional gaps in development and promote balanced economic and social development.Socialist democracy has continued to develop and we have made steady progress in implementing the rule of law as a fundamental principle, but efforts to improve democracy and the legal system fall somewhat short of the need to expand people's democracy and promote economic and social development, and political restructuring has to be deepened.Socialist culture is thriving as never before, but the people have growing cultural needs and have become more independent, selective, changeable and diverse in thinking, setting higher requirements for the development of an advanced socialist culture.Our society has become

外發展經驗，適應新的發展要求提出來的。進入新世紀新階段，我國發展呈現一系列新的階段性特征，主要是：經濟實力顯著增強，同時生產力水平總體上還不高，自主創新能力還不強，長期形成的結構性矛盾和粗放型增長方式尚未根本改變；社會主義市場經濟體制初步建立，同時影響發展的體制機制障礙依然存在，改革攻堅面臨深層次矛盾和問題；人民生活總體上達到小康水平，同時收入分配差距拉大趨勢還未根本扭轉，城鄉貧困人口和低收入人口還有相當數量，統籌兼顧各方面利益難度加大；協調發展取得顯著成績，同時農業基礎薄弱、農村發展滯后的局面尚未改變，縮小城鄉、區域發展差距和促進經濟社會協調發展任務艱巨；社會主義民主政治不斷發展、依法治國基本方略扎實貫徹，同時民主法制建設與擴大人民民主和經濟社會發展的要求還不完全適應，政治體制改革需要繼續深化；社會主義文化更加繁榮，同時人民精神文化需求日趨旺盛，人們思想活動的獨立性、選擇性、多變性、差異性明顯增強，對發展社會主義先進文化提出了更高要求；社會活力顯著增強，同時社會結構、社會組織形式、社會利益格局發生深刻變化，社會建設和管理面臨諸多新課題；對外開放日益擴大，同時面臨的國際競爭日趨激烈，發達國家在經濟科技上占優勢的壓力長期存在，可以預見和難以預見的風險增多，統籌國內發展和對外開放要求更高。

這些情況表明，經過新中國成立以來特別是改革開放以來的不懈努力，我國取

十七大報告全文英漢對照 evidently more dynamic, but profound changes have taken place in the structure of society, in the way society is organized and in the pattern of social interests, and many new issues have emerged in social development and management.China is opening wider to the outside world, but international competition is becoming increasingly acute, pressure in the form of the economic and scientific dominance of developed countries will continue for a long time to come, both predictable and unpredictable risks are increasing, and the need to balance domestic development and opening to the outside world is greater than ever.All this shows that through the unremitting efforts we have made since the founding of the People's Republic in 1949, particularly since the introduction of the reform and opening up policy, China has scored achievements in development that have captured world attention, and experienced far-reaching changes in the productive forces and the relations of production, as well as in the economic base and the superstructure.However, the basic reality that China is still in the primary stage of socialism and will remain so for a long time to come has not changed, nor has Chinese society's principal contradictionWe must regard development as the top priority of the Party in governing and rejuvenating the country.Development is of decisive significance for building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and speeding up socialist modernization.We must firmly commit ourselves to the central task of economic development, concentrate on construction and development, and keep releasing and developing the productive forces.We must better implementthe strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education, the strategy of strengthening the nation with trained personnel and the strategy of sustainable development.We must grasp the law of development, make innovations in our thinking, transform the mode of development, crack hard issues and raise quality and efficiency to achieve sound and rapid development, so that we can lay a solid foundation for developing socialism with Chinese characteristics.We must strive for scientific development by putting people first and making it comprehensive, balanced and sustainable;we must strive for harmonious development by integrating all undertakings and promoting unity and amity among all members of society;and we must strive for peaceful development in the course of which China develops itself by safeguarding world peace and contributes to world peace by developing itself.We must pursue comprehensive, balanced and sustainable development.In accordance with the overall arrangements for the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics, we will promote all-round economic, political, cultural and social development, coordinate all links and aspects of our modernization drive, and balance the relations of production with the productive forces and the superstructure with the economic base.We must adopt an enlightened approach to development that results in expanded production, a better life and sound ecological and environmental conditions, and build a resource-conserving and environment-friendly society that coordinates growth rate with the economic structure, quality and efficiency, and harmonizes economic growth with the population, resources and the environment, so that our people will live and work under sound ecological and environmental conditions and our economy and society will develop in a sustainable way.Promote balanced development to ensure sound and rapid economic growth.The development pattern will be significantly transformed.We will quadruple the per capita GDP of the year 2000 by 2020 through optimizing the economic structure and improving economic returns while reducing consumption of resources and protecting the environment.The socialist market economy will be improved.We will greatly enhance our capacity for independent innovation, enabling scientific and technological advancement to contribute much more to economic growth and making China an innovative country.The

四、實現全面建設小康社會奮斗目標的新要求

我們已經朝著十六大確立的全面建設小康社會的目標邁出了堅實步伐，今后要繼續努力奮斗，確保到二０二０年實現全面建成小康社會的奮斗目標。我們必須適應國內外形勢的新變化，順應各族人民過上更好生活的新期待，把握經濟社會發展趨勢和規律，堅持中國特色社會主義經濟建設、政治建設、文化建設、社會建設的基本目標和基本政策構成的基本綱領，在十六大確立的全面建設小康社會目標的基礎上對我國發展提出新的更高要求。

——增強發展協調性，努力實現經濟又好又快發展。轉變發展方式取得重大進展，在優化結構、提高效益、降低消耗、保護環境的基礎上，實現人均國內生產總值到二０二０年比二０００年翻兩番。社會主義市場經濟體制更加完善。自主創新能力顯著提高，科技進步對經濟增長的貢獻率大幅上升，進入創新型國家行列。居民消費率穩步提高，形成消費、投資、出口協調拉動的增長格局。城鄉、區域協調互動發展機制和主體功能區布局基本形成。社會主義新農村建設取得重大進展。城鎮人口比重明顯增加。

十七大報告全文英漢對照 ratio of consumption to GDP will increase steadily, and consumption, investment and export will be coordinated to boost economic growth.A mechanism for urban and rural areas and for different regions to have balanced and interactive development and a layout of development priority zones will be basically in place.Efforts to build a new socialist countryside will make significant headway.The proportion of urban residents will notably increase.Promote cultural development and notably enhance the cultural and ethical quality of the whole nation.Socialist core values will prevail among the people, and fine ideological and ethical trends will be encouraged.A basic system of public cultural services will cover the whole society, the cultural industry will account for much more of the national economy and become more competitive internationally, and a more abundant supply of cultural products will be available to meet the people's needs.Promote a conservation culture by basically forming an energy-and resource-efficient and environment-friendly structure of industries, pattern of growth and mode of consumption.We will have a large-scale circular economy and considerably increase the proportion of renewable energy sources in total energy consumption.The discharge of major pollutants will be brought under effective control and the ecological and environmental quality will improve notably.Awareness of conservation will be firmly established in the whole of society.When the goal of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects is attained by 2020, China, a large developing socialist country with an ancient civilization, will have basically accomplished industrialization, with its overall strength significantly increased and its domestic market ranking as one of the largest in the world.It will be a country whose people are better off and enjoy markedly improved quality of life and a good environment.Its citizens will have more extensive democratic rights, show higher ethical standards and look forward to greater cultural achievements.China will have better institutions in all areas and Chinese society will have greater vitality coupled with stability and unity.The country will be still more open and friendly to the outside world and make greater contributions to human civilization.The following five years will be a crucial period for building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.We must enhance our confidence and work hard to lay a more solid foundation for success in building a moderately prosperous society of a higher level in all respects to the benefit of over one billion people.V.Promoting Sound and Rapid Development of the National Economy To attain the objectives for economic development, it is essential to significantly accelerate the transformation of the development pattern and improve the socialist

到二０二０年全面建設小康社會目標實現之時，我們這個歷史悠久的文明古國和發展中社會主義大國，將成為工業化基本實現、綜合國力顯著增強、國內市場總體規模位居世界前列的國家，成為人民富裕程度普遍提高、生活質量明顯改善、生態環境良好的國家，成為人民享有更加充分民主權利、具有更高文明素質和精神追求的國家，成為各方面制度更加完善、社會更加充滿活力而又安定團結的國家，成為對外更加開放、更加具有親和力、為人類文明作出更大貢獻的國家。

今后五年是全面建設小康社會的關鍵時期。我們要堅定信心，埋頭苦干，為全面建成惠及十幾億人口的更高水平的小康社會打下更加牢固的基礎。

五、促進國民經濟又好又快發展

實現未來經濟發展目標，關鍵要在加快轉變經濟發展方式、完善社會主義市場經濟體制方面取得重大進展。要大力推進經濟結構戰略性調整，更加注重提高

十七大報告全文英漢對照 market economy.We need to vigorously push forward strategic economic restructuring and make greater efforts to improve China's capacity for independent innovation as well as energy and environmental conservation, and to enhance the overall quality of the economy and its international competitiveness.We need to deepen our understanding of the laws governing the socialist market economy, introduce institutions to give better play to the basic role of market forces in allocating resources, and form a system of macroeconomic regulation conducive to scientific development.1.Enhance China's capacity for independent innovation and make China an innovative country.This is the core of our national development strategy and a crucial link in enhancing the overall national strength.We need to keep to the path of independent innovation with Chinese characteristics and improve our capacity for independent innovation in all areas of modernization.We need to conscientiously implement the Outline of the National Program for Long-and Medium-Term Scientific and Technological Development(2006-20), increase spending on independent innovation, and make breakthroughs in key technologies vital to our economic and social development.We will speed up forming a national innovation system and support basic research, research in frontier technology and technological research for public welfare.We will step up our efforts to establish a market-oriented system for technological innovation, in which enterprises play the leading role and which combines the efforts of enterprises, universities and research institutes, and guide and support the concentration of factors of innovation in enterprises, thereby promoting the translation of scientific and technological advances into practical productive forces.We will deepen reform of the system for managing science and technology, optimize the allocation of relevant resources, and improve the legal guarantee, policy system, incentive mechanism and market conditions to encourage technological innovation and the application of scientific and technological achievements in production.We will implement the strategy for

自主創新能力、提高節能環保水平、提高經濟整體素質和國際競爭力。要深化對社會主義市場經濟規律的認識，從制度上更好發揮市場在資源配置中的基礎性作用，形成有利于科學發展的宏觀調控體系。

（一）提高自主創新能力，建設創新型國家。這是國家發展戰略的核心，是提高綜合國力的關鍵。要堅持走中國特色自主創新道路，把增強自主創新能力貫徹到現代化建設各個方面。認真落實國家中長期科學和技術發展規劃綱要，加大對自主創新投入，著力突破制約經濟社會發展的關鍵技術。加快建設國家創新體系，支持基礎研究、前沿技術研究、社會公益性技術研究。加快建立以企業為主體、市場為導向、產學研相結合的技術創新體系，引導和支持創新要素向企業集聚，促進科技成果向現實生產力轉化。深化科技管理體制改革，優化科技資源配置，完善鼓勵技術創新和科技成果產業化的法制保障、政策體系、激勵機制、市場環境。實施知識產權戰略。充分利用國際科技資源。進一步營造鼓勵創新的環境，努力造就世界一流科學家和科技領軍人才，注重培養一線的創新人才，使全社會創新智慧競相迸發、各方面創新人才大量涌現。

（二）加快轉變經濟發展方式，推動產業結構優化升級。這是關系國民經濟全局緊迫而重大的戰略任務。要堅持走中

十七大報告全文英漢對照 intellectual property rights.We will make the best use of international resources of science and technology.We will continue to create conditions conducive to innovation, work to train world-class scientists and leaders in scientific and technological research, attach great importance to training innovative personnel in the frontline of production, inspire the creative wisdom of the whole society and bring forth large numbers of innovative personnel in all areas.2.Accelerate transformation of the mode of economic development and promote upgrading of the industrial structure.This is a pressing strategic task vital to the national economy as a whole.We must keep to the new path of industrialization with Chinese characteristics, pursue the policy of boosting domestic demand, particularly consumer demand, and propel three transitions in the mode of economic growth: the transition from relying mainly on investment and export to relying on a well coordinated combination of consumption, investment and export, the transition from secondary industry serving as the major driving force to primary, secondary and tertiary industries jointly driving economic growth, and the transition from relying heavily on increased consumption of material resources to relying mainly on advances in science and technology, improvement in the quality of the workforce and innovation in management.We will develop amodern industrial system, integrate IT application with industrialization, push our large industries to grow stronger, invigorate the equipment manufacturing industry, and eliminate outdated production capacities.We will upgrade new-and high-technology industries and develop information, biotechnology, new materials, aerospace, marine and other industries.We will develop the modern service industry and raise the level of the service sector and its share in the economy.We will step up efforts to improve basic industries and infrastructure and accelerate development of a modern energy industry and a comprehensive transport system.We will ensure the quality and safety of products.We will encourage formation of internationally competitive conglomerates.3.Balance urban and rural development and build a

國特色新型工業化道路，堅持擴大國內需求特別是消費需求的方針，促進經濟增長由主要依靠投資、出口拉動向依靠消費、投資、出口協調拉動轉變，由主要依靠第二產業帶動向依靠第一、第二、第三產業協同帶動轉變，由主要依靠增加物質資源消耗向主要依靠科技進步、勞動者素質提高、管理創新轉變。發展現代產業體系，大力推進信息化與工業化融合，促進工業由大變強，振興裝備制造業，淘汰落后生產能力；提升高新技術產業，發展信息、生物、新材料、航空航天、海洋等產業；發展現代服務業，提高服務業比重和水平；加強基礎產業基礎設施建設，加快發展現代能源產業和綜合運輸體系。確保產品質量和安全。鼓勵發展具有國際競爭力的大企業集團。

（三）統籌城鄉發展，推進社會主義新農村建設。解決好農業、農村、農民問題，事關全面建設小康社會大局，必須始終作為全黨工作的重中之重。要加強農業基礎地位，走中國特色農業現代化道路，建立以工促農、以城帶鄉長效機制，形成城鄉經濟社會發展一體化新格局。堅持把發展現代農業、繁榮農村經濟作為首要任務，加強農村基礎設施建設，健全農村市場和農業服務體系。加大支農惠農政策力度，嚴格保護耕地，增加農業投入，促進農業科技進步，增強農業綜合生產能力，確保國家糧食安全。加強動植物疫病防控，提高農產品質量安全水平。以促進農民增收為核心，發展鄉鎮企業，壯大縣域經濟，多渠道轉移農民就業。提高扶貧開發水平。深化農村綜合改革，推進農村金融體制改革和創新，改革集體林權制度。堅持農村基本經營制度，穩定和完善土

十七大報告全文英漢對照 new socialist countryside.As resolution of issues concerning agriculture, rural areas and farmers has an overall impact on building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, we must always make it a top priority in the work of the whole Party.We will strengthen the position of agriculture as the foundation of the national economy, take a path of agricultural modernization with Chinese characteristics,set up a permanent mechanism of industry promoting agriculture and urban areas helping rural areas, and form a new pattern that integrates economic and social development in urban and rural areas.We will continue to take developing modern agriculture and invigorating the rural economy as a primary task, strengthen infrastructure in rural areas, and improve the system of rural markets and that of services for agriculture.We will increase policy measures to support and benefit agriculture, rural areas and farmers, strictly protect arable land, increase spending on agriculture, promote advances in agriculture-related science and technology, and improve overall agricultural production capacity to ensure food security for the nation.We will intensify efforts to prevent and control animal and plant epidemic diseases and improve the quality and safety of agricultural products.To increase farmers' income, we will develop rural enterprises, expand county economies, and transfer rural labor out of farming through various channels.We will enhance poverty reduction through development.We will deepen the comprehensive rural reform, promote reform and innovation in the rural banking system, and reform the system of collective forest rights.We will uphold the basic system for rural operations, stabilize and improve land contract relations, improve the market for transferring land contract and management rights in accordance with the law and on a voluntary and compensatory basis, and develop various forms of appropriate large-scale operations where conditions permit.We will explore effective forms of collective economic operations, develop specialized farmers' cooperatives, and support the industrialized operation of agriculture and the development of leading agribusinesses.We will train a new type of farmers

地承包關系，按照依法自愿有償原則，健全土地承包經營權流轉市場，有條件的地方可以發展多種形式的適度規模經營。探索集體經濟有效實現形式，發展農民專業合作組織，支持農業產業化經營和龍頭企業發展。培育有文化、懂技術、會經營的新型農民，發揮億萬農民建設新農村的主體作用。

（四）加強能源資源節約和生態環境保護，增強可持續發展能力。堅持節約資源和保護環境的基本國策，關系人民群眾切身利益和中華民族生存發展。必須把建設資源節約型、環境友好型社會放在工業化、現代化發展戰略的突出位置，落實到每個單位、每個家庭。要完善有利于節約能源資源和保護生態環境的法律和政策，加快形成可持續發展體制機制。落實節能減排工作責任制。開發和推廣節約、替代、循環利用和治理污染的先進適用技術，發展清潔能源和可再生能源，保護土地和水資源，建設科學合理的能源資源利用體系，提高能源資源利用效率。發展環保產業。加大節能環保投入，重點加強水、大氣、土壤等污染防治，改善城鄉人居環境。加強水利、林業、草原建設，加強荒漠化石漠化治理，促進生態修復。加強應對氣候變化能力建設，為保護全球氣候作出新貢獻。

十七大報告全文英漢對照 who are educated and understand both agricultural techniques and business management, and encourage hundreds of millions of farmers to play the major role in building a new countryside.4.Improve energy, resources, ecological and environmental conservation and enhance China's capacity for sustainable development.Adhering to the basic state policy of conserving resources and the environment is vital to the immediate interests of the people and the survival and development of the Chinese nation.We must give prominence to building a resource-conserving, environment-friendly society in our strategy for industrialization and modernization and get every organization and family to act accordingly.We will improve laws and policies to promote energy, resources, ecological and environmental conservation, and speed up the formation of systems and mechanisms for sustainable development.We will implement the responsibility system for conserving energy and reducing emissions.We willdevelop and extend advanced and appropriate technologies for conserving, substituting and recycling energy and resources and for controlling pollution, develop clean and renewable energy sources, protect land and water resources and set up a scientific, rational system for using energy and resources more efficiently.We will develop environmental conservation industries.We will increase spending on energy and environmental conservation with the focus on intensifying prevention and control of water, air and soil pollution and improving the living environment for both urban and rural residents.We will improve water conservancy, forestry and grasslands, intensify efforts to bring desertification under control and prevent the spread of stony deserts, and promote restoration of the ecosystems.We will enhance our capacity to respond to climate change and make new contributions to protecting the global climate.5.Promote balanced development among regions and improve the pattern of land development.To narrow the gap in development among regions, we must work to ensure their equal access to basic public services and guide a rational flow of factors of production between regions.Following the general strategy for

（五）推動區域協調發展，優化國土開發格局?？s小區域發展差距，必須注重實現基本公共服務均等化，引導生產要素跨區域合理流動。要繼續實施區域發展總體戰略，深入推進西部大開發，全面振興東北地區等老工業基地，大力促進中部地區崛起，積極支持東部地區率先發展。加強國土規劃，按照形成主體功能區的要求，完善區域政策，調整經濟布局。遵循市場經濟規律，突破行政區劃界限，形成若干帶動力強、聯系緊密的經濟圈和經濟帶。重大項目布局要充分考慮支持中西部發展，鼓勵東部地區帶動和幫助中西部地區發展。加大對革命老區、民族地區、邊疆地區、貧困地區發展扶持力度。幫助資源枯竭地區實現經濟轉型。更好發揮經濟特區、上海浦東新區、天津濱海新區在改革開放和自主創新中的重要作用。走中國特色城鎮化道路，按照統籌城鄉、布局合理、節約土地、功能完善、以大帶小的原則，促進大中小城市和小城鎮協調發展。以增強綜合承載能力為重點，以特大城市為依托，形成輻射作用大的城市群，培育新的經濟增長極。

（六）完善基本經濟制度，健全現代市場體系。堅持和完善公有制為主體、多種所有制經濟共同發展的基本經濟制度，毫不動搖地鞏固和發展公有制經濟，毫不動搖地鼓勵、支持、引導非公

十七大報告全文英漢對照 regional development, we will continue to carry out large-scale development of the western region, rejuvenate northeast China and other old industrial bases in an all-round way, boost the development of the central region and support the eastern region in taking the lead in development.We will strengthen land planning, improve policies for regional development and adjust the geographical distribution of economic operations in accordance with the requirement to form development priority zones.In compliance with the laws governing the market economy, we will work beyond administrative divisions to form a number of close-knit economic rims and belts that will provide a strong impetus to the development of other areas.In locating major projects, we must give full consideration to supporting development of the central and western regions and encourage the eastern region to help them develop.We will give more support to the development of old revolutionary base areas, ethnic autonomous areas, border areas and poverty-stricken areas.We will help transform the economies of areas where natural resources are exhausted.We will have the special economic zones, the Pudong New Area in Shanghai and the Binhai New Area in Tianjin play a major role in reform, opening up and independent innovation.Taking a path of urbanization with Chinese characteristics, we will promote balanced development of large, medium-sized and small cities and towns on the principle of balancing urban and rural development, ensuring rational distribution, saving land, providing a full range of functions and getting larger cities to help smaller ones.Focusing on increasing the overall carrying capacity of cities, we will form city clusters with mega cities as the core so that they can boost development in other areas and become new poles of economic growth.6.Improve the basic economic system and the modern market system.We need to uphold and improve the basic economic system in which public ownership is dominant and different economic sectors develop side by side, unwaveringly consolidate and develop the public sector of the economy, unswervingly encourage, support and guide the development of the non-public

有制經濟發展，堅持平等保護物權，形成各種所有制經濟平等競爭、相互促進新格局。深化國有企業公司制股份制改革，健全現代企業制度，優化國有經濟布局和結構，增強國有經濟活力、控制力、影響力。深化壟斷行業改革，引入競爭機制，加強政府監管和社會監督。加快建設國有資本經營預算制度。完善各類國有資產管理體制和制度。推進集體企業改革，發展多種形式的集體經濟、合作經濟。推進公平準入，改善融資條件，破除體制障礙，促進個體、私營經濟和中小企業發展。以現代產權制度為基礎，發展混合所有制經濟。加快形成統一開放競爭有序的現代市場體系，發展各類生產要素市場，完善反映市場供求關系、資源稀缺程度、環境損害成本的生產要素和資源價格形成機制，規范發展行業協會和市場中介組織，健全社會信用體系。

（七）深化財稅、金融等體制改革，完善宏觀調控體系。圍繞推進基本公共服務均等化和主體功能區建設，完善公共財政體系。深化預算制度改革，強化預算管理和監督，健全中央和地方財力與事權相匹配的體制，加快形成統一規范透明的財政轉移支付制度，提高一般性轉移支付規模和比例，加大公共服務領域投入。完善省以下財政體制，增強基層政府提供公共服務能力。實行有利于科學發展的財稅制度，建立健全資源有償使用制度和生態環境補償機制。推進金融體制改革，發展各類金融市場，形成多種所有制和多種經營形式、結構合理、功能完善、高效安全的現代金融體系。提高銀行業、證券業、保險業競爭

十七大報告全文英漢對照 sector, ensure equal protection of property rights, and create a new situation in which all economic sectors compete on an equal footing and reinforce each other.We will deepen the reform to introduce the corporate and shareholding systems in state-owned enterprises, improve the modern corporate structure and optimize the distribution and structure of the state sector of the economy to enhance its dynamism, dominance and influence.We will deepen the reform of monopoly industries by introducing competition, and strengthen government regulation and public oversight of them.We will accelerate development ofa budget system for managing state capital and improve systems and regulations for managing all types of state assets.We will press ahead with the reform of collectively-owned enterprises and develop various forms of collective and cooperative economic operations.We will promote equitable market access, improve the financing environment and remove institutional barriers in order to promote development of individually-owned businesses and private companies as well as small and medium-sized enterprises.We will develop the economic sector of mixed ownership based on the modern system of property rights.We will accelerate the formation of a modern market system that is unified and open and that allows orderly competition, develop markets for factors of production, improve the pricing mechanism for factors of production and resources to reflect changes in market supply and demand, resource scarcities and environmental costs, regulate and develop industry associations and market-based intermediaries, and improve the social credibility system.7.Deepen fiscal, taxation and financial restructuring and improve macroeconomic regulation.We will improve the public finance system as we work to ensure equal access to basic public services and establish development priority zones.We need to deepen reform of the budget system, tighten budgetary management and oversight, improve the system whereby both the central and local governments have financial resources proportionate to their duties and responsibilities, accelerate the establishment of a unified, standardized and

力。優化資本市場結構，多渠道提高直接融資比重。加強和改進金融監管，防范和化解金融風險。完善人民幣匯率形成機制，逐步實現資本項目可兌換。深化投資體制改革，健全和嚴格市場準入制度。完善國家規劃體系。發揮國家發展規劃、計劃、產業政策在宏觀調控中的導向作用，綜合運用財政、貨幣政策，提高宏觀調控水平。

（八）拓展對外開放廣度和深度，提高開放型經濟水平。堅持對外開放的基本國策，把“引進來”和“走出去”更好結合起來，擴大開放領域，優化開放結構，提高開放質量，完善內外聯動、互利共贏、安全高效的開放型經濟體系，形成經濟全球化條件下參與國際經濟合作和競爭新優勢。深化沿海開放，加快內地開放，提升沿邊開放，實現對內對外開放相互促進。加快轉變外貿增長方式，立足以質取勝，調整進出口結構，促進加工貿易轉型升級，大力發展服務貿易。創新利用外資方式，優化利用外資結構，發揮利用外資在推動自主創新、產業升級、區域協調發展等方面的積極作用。創新對外投資和合作方式，支持企業在研發、生產、銷售等方面開展國際化經營，加快培育我國的跨國公司和國際知名品牌。積極開展國際能源資源互利合作。實施自由貿易區戰略，加強雙邊多邊經貿合作。采取綜合措施促進國際收支基本平衡。注重防范國際經濟風險。

實現國民經濟又好又快發展，必將進一步增強我國經濟實力，彰顯社會主義市場經濟的強大生機活力。

十七大報告全文英漢對照 transparent system for transfer payments, enlarge the size and proportion of general transfer payments, and increase input in public services.We will improve fiscal systems at and below the provincial level to enhance the capacity of county and township governments to provide public services.We will adopt fiscal and taxation systems conducive to scientific development and set up sound compensation systems for use of resources and for damage to the ecological environment.We will proceed with financial reforms to develop various types of financial markets and build a modern financial system that is inclusive of different forms of ownership and different ways of operation and that features a reasonable structure, complete functions, efficiency and security.We will make our banking, securities and insurance industries more competitive.We will improve the structure of the capital market and raise the proportion of direct financing through multiple channels.We will strengthen financial supervision and control, and forestall and defuse financial risks.We will improve the RMB exchange rate regime and gradually make the RMB convertible under capital accounts.We will deepen reform of the investment system and improve and strictly enforce market access rules.We will improve the state planning system.We will give play to the guiding role of national development plans, programs and industrial policies in macroeconomic regulation and combine the use of fiscal and monetary policies to improve macroeconomic regulation.8.Expand opening up in scope and depth and improve our open economy.Adhering to the basic state policy of opening up, we will better integrate our “bring in” and “go global” strategies, expand the areas of opening up, optimize its structure, raise its quality, and turn our open economy into one in which domestic development and opening to the outside world interact and Chinese businesses and their foreign counterparts engage in win-win cooperation, and one that features security and efficiency, in order to gain new advantages for China in international economic cooperation and competition amid economic globalization.We will deepen the opening up of coastal areas, accelerate that of inland areas and upgrade that

十七大報告全文英漢對照 of border areas, so that opening up at home and opening to the outside world will promote each other.We will expedite transformation of the growth mode of foreign trade, stress quality, adjust the mix of imports and exports, promote transformation and upgrading of processing trade, and energetically develop service trade.We will make innovations in the way of using foreign capital, improve the structure of foreign investment utilized, and let the use of foreign capital play a positive role in facilitating independent innovation, industrial upgrading and balanced development among regions.We will make innovations in our way of overseas investment and cooperation, support domestic enterprises in carrying out international operations of R&D, production and marketing, and accelerate the growth of Chinese multinational corporations and Chinese brand names in the world market.We will vigorously carry out mutually beneficial international cooperation in energy and resources.We will implement a strategy of free trade zones and expand bilateral and multilateral trade and economic cooperation.We will adopt comprehensive measures to maintain a basic equilibrium in the balance of payments.We must guard against international economic risks.By ensuring sound and rapid growth of the economy, we will further enhance China's economic strength, and enable our socialist market economy to exhibit its great vitality.VI.Unswervingly Developing Socialist Democracy People's democracy is the lifeblood of socialism.The Party has been consistently pursuing the goal of developing socialist democracy.Since China began its reform and opening up, we have made vigorous yet steady efforts to promote political restructuring, and socialist democracy has demonstrated greater vitality in the country.As an important part of the overall reform, political restructuring must be constantly deepened along with economic and social development to adapt to the growing enthusiasm of the people for participation in political affairs.We must keep to the path of political development under socialism with Chinese characteristics, and integrate the leadership of

六、堅定不移發展社會主義民主政治 人民民主是社會主義的生命。發展社會主義民主政治是我們黨始終不渝的奮斗目標。改革開放以來，我們積極穩妥推進政治體制改革，我國社會主義民主政治展現出更加旺盛的生命力。政治體制改革作為我國全面改革的重要組成部分，必須隨著經濟社會發展而不斷深化，與人民政治參與積極性不斷提高相適應。要堅持中國特色社會主義政治發展道路，堅持黨的領導、人民當家作主、依法治國有機統一，堅持和完善人民代表大會制度、中國共產黨領導的多黨合作和政治協商制度、民族區域自治制度

十七大報告全文英漢對照 the Party, the position of the people as masters of the country, and the rule of law.We must uphold and improve the system of people's congresses, the system of multiparty cooperation and political consultation under the leadership of the CPC, the system of regional ethnic autonomy, and the system of self-governance at the primary level of society.All this will promote continuous self-improvement and development of the socialist political system.In deepening political restructuring, we must keep to the correct political orientation.On the basis of ensuring the people's position as masters of the country, we will expand socialist democracy, build a socialist country under the rule of law and develop socialist political civilization to enhance the vitality of the Party and the state and arouse the initiative of the people.We must uphold the Party's role as the core of leadership in directing the overall situation and coordinating the efforts of all quarters, and improve its capacity for scientific, democratic and law-based governance to ensure that the Party leads the people in effectively governing the country.We must ensure that all power of the state belongs to the people, expand the citizens' orderly participation in political affairs at each level and in every field, and mobilize and organize the people as extensively as possible to manage state and social affairs as well as economic and cultural programs in accordance with the law.We must uphold the rule of law as a fundamental principle and adopt the socialist concept of law-based governance to ensure that all work of the state is based on the law and that the legitimate rights and interests of citizens are safeguarded.We must maintain the features and advantages of the socialist political system and define institutions, standards and procedures for socialist democracy to provide political and legal guarantees of lasting stability for the Party and the country.1.Expand people's democracy and ensure that they are masters of the country.The essence and core of socialist democracy are that the people are masters of the country.We need to improve institutions for democracy, diversify its forms and expand its channels, and we need to carry out democratic

以及基層群眾自治制度，不斷推進社會主義政治制度自我完善和發展。

深化政治體制改革，必須堅持正確政治方向，以保證人民當家作主為根本，以增強黨和國家活力、調動人民積極性為目標，擴大社會主義民主，建設社會主義法治國家，發展社會主義政治文明。要堅持黨總攬全局、協調各方的領導核心作用，提高黨科學執政、民主執政、依法執政水平，保證黨領導人民有效治理國家；堅持國家一切權力屬于人民，從各個層次、各個領域擴大公民有序政治參與，最廣泛地動員和組織人民依法管理國家事務和社會事務、管理經濟和文化事業；堅持依法治國基本方略，樹立社會主義法治理念，實現國家各項工作法治化，保障公民合法權益；堅持社會主義政治制度的特點和優勢，推進社會主義民主政治制度化、規范化、程序化，為黨和國家長治久安提供政治和法律制度保障。

（一）擴大人民民主，保證人民當家作主。人民當家作主是社會主義民主政治的本質和核心。要健全民主制度，豐富民主形式，拓寬民主渠道，依法實行民主選舉、民主決策、民主管理、民主監督，保障人民的知情權、參與權、表達權、監督權。支持人民代表大會依法履行職能，善于使黨的主張通過法定程序成為國家意志；保障人大代表依法行使職權，密切人大代表同人民的聯系，建議逐步實行城鄉按相同人口比例選舉人大代表；加強人大常委會制度建設，優化組成人員知識結構和年齡結構。支持人民政協圍繞團結和民主兩大主題履行職能，推進政治協商、民主監督、十七大報告全文英漢對照 election, decision-making, administration and oversight in accordance with the law to guarantee the people's rights to be informed, to participate, to be heard, and to oversee.We must support people's congresses in performing their functions pursuant to law and effectively turn the Party's propositions into the will of the state through legal procedures.We must ensure that deputies to people's congresses exercise their functions and powers in accordance with the law and maintain close ties with the general public.We propose that both urban and rural areas gradually adopt the same ratio of deputies to the represented population in elections of deputies to people's congresses.We must strengthen the institutions of standing committees of people's congresses and improve their membership composition in terms of intellectual background and age.We will support the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference(CPPCC)in performing its functions centered on the two major themes of unity and democracy and improve the system of political consultation, democratic oversight, and participation in the deliberation and administration of state affairs.We will incorporate political consultation in decision-making procedures, improve democratic oversight and ensure that the CPPCC participates in the deliberation and administration of state affairs more effectively.The CPPCC is encouraged to improve itself and play its important role in coordinating relations, pooling strengths, making proposals and serving the overall interests of the country.We must ensure equality among all ethnic groups and guarantee the right of ethnic autonomous areas to exercise autonomy pursuant to law.To ensure scientific and democratic decision-making, we will improve the information and intellectual support for it, increase its transparency and expand public participation in it.In principle, public hearings must be held for the formulation of laws, regulations and policies that bear closely on the interests of the public.We need to step up education about citizenship and establish socialist concepts of democracy, the rule of law, freedom, equality, equity and justice.We support trade unions, the Communist Youth League, women's federations and other people's

參政議政制度建設；把政治協商納入決策程序，完善民主監督機制，提高參政議政實效；加強政協自身建設，發揮協調關系、匯聚力量、建言獻策、服務大局的重要作用。堅持各民族一律平等，保證民族自治地方依法行使自治權。推進決策科學化、民主化，完善決策信息和智力支持系統，增強決策透明度和公眾參與度，制定與群眾利益密切相關的法律法規和公共政策原則上要公開聽取意見。加強公民意識教育，樹立社會主義民主法治、自由平等、公平正義理念。支持工會、共青團、婦聯等人民團體依照法律和各自章程開展工作，參與社會管理和公共服務，維護群眾合法權益。

（二）發展基層民主，保障人民享有更多更切實的民主權利。人民依法直接行使民主權利，管理基層公共事務和公益事業，實行自我管理、自我服務、自我教育、自我監督，對干部實行民主監督，是人民當家作主最有效、最廣泛的途徑，必須作為發展社會主義民主政治的基礎性工程重點推進。要健全基層黨組織領導的充滿活力的基層群眾自治機制，擴大基層群眾自治范圍，完善民主管理制度，把城鄉社區建設成為管理有序、服務完善、文明祥和的社會生活共同體。全心全意依靠工人階級，完善以職工代表大會為基本形式的企事業單位民主管理制度，推進廠務公開，支持

十七大報告全文英漢對照 organizations in functioning in accordance with the law and their respective charters, participating in social management and public services and helping protect the people's legitimate rights and interests.2.Develop primary-level democracy and ensure that the people enjoy democratic rights in a more extensive and practical way.The most effective and extensive way for the people to be masters of the country is that they directly exercise their democratic rights in accordance with the law to manage public affairs and public service programs at the primary level, practice self-management, self-service, self-education and self-oversight, and exercise democratic oversight over cadres.Such practices must be emphasized and promoted as the groundwork for developing socialist democracy.We need to improve the dynamic mechanism of people's self-governance at the primary level under the leadership of primary Party organizations, expand the scope of self-governance, and improve the institution for democratic management, with a view to turning urban and rural neighborhoods into communities of social life that are well managed, supported by complete services, and filled with civility and harmony.We must rely wholeheartedly on the working class, improve the democratic management system in enterprises and public institutions with workers' conferences as its basic form and increase transparency in factory affairs to support workers' participation in management and to safeguard their legitimate rights and interests.We need to deepen institutional reforms at the town and township level to strengthen government authorities there and improve the systems for transparency in government and village affairs to bring about effective connection and beneficial interaction between government administration and primary-level self-governance.We also encourage social organizations to help expand the participation by the public and report on their petitions to improve the self-governance capability of society.3.Comprehensively implement the rule of law as a fundamental principle and speed up the building of a socialist country under the rule of law.The rule of law constitutes the essential requirement of socialist

職工參與管理，維護職工合法權益。深化鄉鎮機構改革，加強基層政權建設，完善政務公開、村務公開等制度，實現政府行政管理與基層群眾自治有效銜接和良性互動。發揮社會組織在擴大群眾參與、反映群眾訴求方面的積極作用，增強社會自治功能。

（三）全面落實依法治國基本方略，加快建設社會主義法治國家。依法治國是社會主義民主政治的基本要求。要堅持科學立法、民主立法，完善中國特色社會主義法律體系。加強憲法和法律實施，堅持公民在法律面前一律平等，維護社會公平正義，維護社會主義法制的統一、尊嚴、權威。推進依法行政。深化司法體制改革，優化司法職權配置，規范司法行為，建設公正高效權威的社會主義司法制度，保證審判機關、檢察機關依法獨立公正地行使審判權、檢察權。加強政法隊伍建設，做到嚴格、公正、文明執法。深入開展法制宣傳教育，弘揚法治精神，形成自覺學法守法用法的社會氛圍。尊重和保障人權，依法保證全體社會成員平等參與、平等發展的權利。各級黨組織和全體黨員要自覺在憲法和法律范圍內活動，帶頭維護憲法和法律的權威。

（四）壯大愛國統一戰線，團結一切可以團結的力量。促進政黨關系、民族關系、宗教關系、階層關系、海內外同胞

十七大報告全文英漢對照 democracy.We must persist in scientific and democratic legislation to improve the socialist law system with Chinese characteristics.We will strengthen the enforcement of the Constitution and laws, ensure that all citizens are equal before the law, and safeguard social equity and justice and the consistency, sanctity and authority of the socialist legal system.We need to carry out government administration in accordance with the law.We need to deepen the reform of the judiciary system, optimize the distribution of judicial functions and powers, standardize judicial practices, and build a fair, efficient and authoritative socialist judiciary system to ensure that courts and procuratorates exercise their respective powers independently and impartially in accordance with the law.We need to improve the overall quality of judicial, procuratorial and public security personnel to ensure that law enforcement is strict, impartial and civilized.We need to step up the education campaign to increase public awareness of law, and promote the spirit of the rule of law, creating a social environment in which people study, abide by and apply laws of their own accord.We must respect and safeguard human rights, and ensure the equal right to participation and development for all members of society in accordance with the law.Party organizations at all levels and all Party members must act under the Constitution and laws on their own initiative and take the lead in upholding the authority of the Constitution and laws.4.Expand the patriotic united front and unite with all forces that can be united.Promoting harmony in relations between political parties, between ethnic groups, between religions, between social strata, and between our compatriots at home and overseas plays an irreplaceable role in enhancing unity and pooling strengths.Acting onthe principle of long-term coexistence, mutual oversight, sincerity, and sharing of both good and bad times, we will strengthen our cooperation with the democratic parties, support them and personages without party affiliation in better performing their functions of participation in the deliberation and administration of state affairs and democratic oversight, and select and recommend a

關系的和諧，對于增進團結、凝聚力量具有不可替代的作用。要貫徹長期共存、互相監督、肝膽相照、榮辱與共的方針，加強同民主黨派合作共事，支持民主黨派和無黨派人士更好履行參政議政、民主監督職能，選拔和推薦更多優秀黨外干部擔任領導職務。牢牢把握各民族共同團結奮斗、共同繁榮發展的主題，保障少數民族合法權益，鞏固和發展平等團結互助和諧的社會主義民族關系。全面貫徹黨的宗教工作基本方針，發揮宗教界人士和信教群眾在促進經濟社會發展中的積極作用。鼓勵新的社會階層人士積極投身中國特色社會主義建設。認真貫徹黨的僑務政策，支持海外僑胞、歸僑僑眷關心和參與祖國現代化建設與和平統一大業。

（五）加快行政管理體制改革，建設服務型政府。行政管理體制改革是深化改革的重要環節。要抓緊制定行政管理體制改革總體方案，著力轉變職能、理順關系、優化結構、提高效能，形成權責一致、分工合理、決策科學、執行順暢、監督有力的行政管理體制。健全政府職責體系，完善公共服務體系，推行電子政務，強化社會管理和公共服務。加快推進政企分開、政資分開、政事分開、政府與市場中介組織分開，規范行政行為，加強行政執法部門建設，減少和規范行政審批，減少政府對微觀經濟運行的干預。規范垂直管理部門和地方政府的關系。加大機構整合力度，探索實行職能有機統一的大部門體制，健全部門間協調配合機制。精簡和規范各類議事協調機構及其辦事機構，減少行政層次，降低行政成本，著力解決機構重疊、職責交叉、政出多門問題。統籌黨委、十七大報告全文英漢對照 greater number of outstanding non-CPC persons for leading positions.Keeping in mind the objective of all ethnic groups working together for common prosperity and development, we must guarantee the legitimate rights and interests of ethnic minorities, and strengthen and develop socialist ethnic relations based on equality, solidarity, mutual assistance and harmony.We will fully implement the Party's basic principle for its work related to religious affairs and bring into play the positive role of religious personages and believers in promoting economic and social development.We encourage members of emerging social strata to take an active part in building socialism with Chinese characteristics.We will conscientiously follow the Party's policy on overseas Chinese affairs and support overseas Chinese nationals, returned overseas Chinese and their relatives in caring about and participating in the modernization drive and the great cause of peaceful reunification of the motherland.5.Accelerate the reform of the administrative system and build a service-oriented government.The administrative reform is an important part of the efforts to deepen China's overall reform.We must lose no time in working out a master plan for it, with the focus on changing functions, straightening out relations, optimizing the setup and raising efficiency, and bring about a system which matches powers with responsibilities, divides work in a rational way, fosters scientific decision-making, and ensures smooth enforcement and effective oversight.We need to improve the government responsibility system and the public service system, promote e-government and strengthen social management and public services.We will accelerate the separation of the functions of the government from those of enterprises, state assets management authorities, public institutions and market-based intermediaries, standardize administrative practices, strengthen administrative law-enforcement agencies, reduce the number of matters requiring administrative examination and approval and standardize such procedures, and reduce government intervention in microeconomic operations.We will standardize the relationship between local departments directly under central

政府和人大、政協機構設置，減少領導職數，嚴格控制編制。加快推進事業單位分類改革。

（六）完善制約和監督機制，保證人民賦予的權力始終用來為人民謀利益。確保權力正確行使，必須讓權力在陽光下運行。要堅持用制度管權、管事、管人，建立健全決策權、執行權、監督權既相互制約又相互協調的權力結構和運行機制。健全組織法制和程序規則，保證國家機關按照法定權限和程序行使權力、履行職責。完善各類公開辦事制度，提高政府工作透明度和公信力。重點加強對領導干部特別是主要領導干部、人財物管理使用、關鍵崗位的監督，健全質詢、問責、經濟責任審計、引咎辭職、罷免等制度。落實黨內監督條例，加強民主監督，發揮好輿論監督作用，增強監督合力和實效。

社會主義愈發展，民主也愈發展。在發展中國特色社會主義的歷史進程中，中國共產黨人和中國人民一定能夠不斷發展具有強大生命力的社會主義民主政治。

十七大報告全文英漢對照 government organs and local governments.We will step up our efforts to streamline government organs, explore ways to establish greater departments with integrated functions, and improve the mechanism of coordination and collaboration between government departments.We will downsize and standardize various organs for deliberation and coordination and their working offices, cut down levels of administration, minimize its costs, and address the problems of overlapping organizations and functions and conflicting policies from different departments.We will give overall consideration to the setup of Party committees and governments as well as that of people's congresses and CPPCC committees, reduce the number of their leading positions and strictly control their staffing.We will step up the restructuring of different categories of public institutions.6.Improve the mechanism of restraint and oversight and ensure that power entrusted by the people is always exercised in their interests.Power must be exercised in the sunshine to ensure that it is exercised correctly.We must have institutions to govern power, work and personnel, and establish a sound structure of power and a mechanism for its operation in which decision-making, enforcement and oversight powers check each other and function in coordination.We will improve organic laws and rules of procedure to ensure that state organs exercise their powers and perform their functions and responsibilities within their statutory jurisdiction and in accordance with legal procedures.We will improve the open administrative system in various areas and increase transparency in government work, thus enhancing the people's trust in the government.We will focus on tightening oversight over leading cadres and especially principal ones, over the management and use of human, financial and material resources, and over key positions.We will improve the systems of inquiries, accountability, economic responsibility auditing, resignation and recall.We will implement the intra-Party oversight regulations, strengthen democratic oversight and give scope to the oversight role of public opinion, pooling forces of oversight from all sides to make it more effective.36

十七大報告全文英漢對照 Democracy will keep developing along with the progress of socialism.In the historical course of developing socialism with Chinese characteristics, Chinese Communists and the Chinese people will surely advance socialist democracy that is full of vitality.VII.Promoting Vigorous Development and Prosperity of Socialist Culture In the present era, culture has become a more and more important source of national cohesion and creativity and a factor of growing significance in the competition in overall national strength, and the Chinese people have an increasingly ardent desire for a richer cultural life.We must keep to the orientation of advanced socialist culture, bring about a new upsurge in socialist cultural development, stimulate the cultural creativity of the whole nation, and enhance culture as part of the soft power of our country to better guarantee the people's basic cultural rights and interests, enrich the cultural life in Chinese society and inspire the enthusiasm of the people for progress.1.Build up the system of socialist core values and make socialist ideology more attractive and cohesive.The system of socialist core values represents the essence of socialist ideology.We must consolidate the guiding position of Marxism, persistently arm the whole Party with and educate the people in the latest achievements in adapting Marxism to Chinese conditions, rally the people with our common ideal of socialism with Chinese characteristics, inspire the people with patriotism-centered national spirit and with the spirit of the times centering on reform and innovation, guide social ethos with the socialist maxims of honor and disgrace, and solidify the common ideological basis of the joint endeavor of the whole Party and the people of all ethnic groups.We will make every effort to carry out theoretical innovation and give Marxism of contemporary China distinct characters of practice, of the Chinese nation and of the times.We will publicize the theories of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and take Marxism of contemporary China to the general public.We will carry on the Project to Study and Develop Marxist

七、推動社會主義文化大發展大繁榮 當今時代，文化越來越成為民族凝聚力和創造力的重要源泉、越來越成為綜合國力競爭的重要因素，豐富精神文化生活越來越成為我國人民的熱切愿望。要堅持社會主義先進文化前進方向，興起社會主義文化建設新高潮，激發全民族文化創造活力，提高國家文化軟實力，使人民基本文化權益得到更好保障，使社會文化生活更加豐富多彩，使人民精神風貌更加昂揚向上。

（一）建設社會主義核心價值體系，增強社會主義意識形態的吸引力和凝聚力。社會主義核心價值體系是社會主義意識形態的本質體現。要鞏固馬克思主義指導地位，堅持不懈地用馬克思主義中國化最新成果武裝全黨、教育人民，用中國特色社會主義共同理想凝聚力量，用以愛國主義為核心的民族精神和以改革創新為核心的時代精神鼓舞斗志，用社會主義榮辱觀引領風尚，鞏固全黨全國各族人民團結奮斗的共同思想基礎。大力推進理論創新，不斷賦予當代中國馬克思主義鮮明的實踐特色、民族特色、時代特色。開展中國特色社會主義理論體系宣傳普及活動，推動當代中國馬克思主義大眾化。推進馬克思主義理論研究和建設工程，深入回答重大理論和實際問題，培養造就一批馬克思主義理論家特別是中青年理論家。切實把社會主義核心價值體系融入國民教育和精神文明建設全過程，轉化為人民的自覺追求。積極探索用社會主義核心價值體系引領社會思潮的有效途徑，主動做好意識形態工作，既尊重差異、包容多樣，又有力抵制各種錯誤和腐朽

十七大報告全文英漢對照 Theory to provide in-depth answers to major theoretical and practical questions and to bring up a group of Marxist theoreticians, especially young and middle-aged ones.We will incorporate the socialist core values into all stages of national education and the entire process of cultural and ethical progress to make them the targets pursued by the people of their own accord.We will explore effective ways of letting the system of socialist core values guide trends of thought and take the initiative in ideological work, respecting divergence and allowing diversity while effectively resisting the influence of erroneous and decadent ideas.We will develop philosophy and social sciences, promoting innovation in academic disciplines, academic viewpoints and research methods.We encourage people working in these fields to serve as a think tank for the cause of the Party and the people, and we will introduce related outstanding achievements and distinguished scholars to the world arena.2.Foster a culture of harmony and cultivate civilized practices.A culture of harmony provides important intellectual support for the unity and progress of all our people.We must step up the development of the press, publishing, radio, film, television, literature and art, give correct guidance to the public and foster healthy social trends.We must balance cultural development between urban and rural areas and among different regions, focusing on enriching the cultural life in rural and remote areas and of rural migrant workers in cities.We will strengthen efforts to develop and manage Internet culture and foster a good cyber environment.We will promote patriotism, collectivism and socialist ideology.With the emphasis on enhancing people's awareness of integrity, we will promote social ethics, professional codes of conduct, family virtues and individual morality, let paragons of virtue serve as role models for society, and guide people in conscientiously carrying out legal obligations and social and family responsibilities.We will strengthen and improve our ideological and political work, paying attention to compassionate care and psychological counseling and correctly handling interpersonal relations.We will mobilize all sectors of society in doing

思想的影響。繁榮發展哲學社會科學，推進學科體系、學術觀點、科研方法創新，鼓勵哲學社會科學界為黨和人民事業發揮思想庫作用，推動我國哲學社會科學優秀成果和優秀人才走向世界。

（二）建設和諧文化，培育文明風尚。和諧文化是全體人民團結進步的重要精神支撐。要積極發展新聞出版、廣播影視、文學藝術事業，堅持正確導向，弘揚社會正氣。重視城鄉、區域文化協調發展，著力豐富農村、偏遠地區、進城務工人員的精神文化生活。加強網絡文化建設和管理，營造良好網絡環境。大力弘揚愛國主義、集體主義、社會主義思想，以增強誠信意識為重點，加強社會公德、職業道德、家庭美德、個人品德建設，發揮道德模范榜樣作用，引導人們自覺履行法定義務、社會責任、家庭責任。加強和改進思想政治工作，注重人文關懷和心理疏導，用正確方式處理人際關系。動員社會各方面共同做好青少年思想道德教育工作，為青少年健康成長創造良好社會環境。深入開展群眾性精神文明創建活動，完善社會志愿服務體系，形成男女平等、尊老愛幼、互愛互助、見義勇為的社會風尚。弘揚科學精神，普及科學知識。廣泛開展全民健身運動。辦好二００八年奧運會、殘奧會和二０一０年世博會。

（三）弘揚中華文化，建設中華民族共有精神家園。中華文化是中華民族生生不息、團結奮進的不竭動力。要全面認識祖國傳統文化，取其精華，去其糟粕，十七大報告全文英漢對照 a good job of ideological and moral education among young people and create a favorable environment for their healthy development.We will carry out intensive activities to promote cultural and ethical progress among the public, improve the system of voluntary public services, and encourage practices such as upholding gender equality, respecting the elderly, caring for the young, showing concern for and helping each other and coming to the rescue of others even at risk to oneself.We will promote the scientific spirit and spread scientific knowledge.We will launch extensive public fitness programs and ensure the success of the 2008 Olympic Games and the Paralympics in Beijing and the 2010 World Exposition in Shanghai.3.Promote Chinese culture and build the common spiritual home for the Chinese nation.Chinese culture has been an unfailing driving force for the Chinese nation to keep its unity and make progress from generation to generation.We must have a comprehensive understanding of traditional Chinese culture, keep its essence and discard its dross to enable it to fit in with present-day society, stay in harmony with modern civilization, keep its national character and reflect changes of the times.We will further publicize the fine traditions of Chinese culture and use modern means of science and technology to exploit the rich resources of our national culture.We will explore and better protect the cultures of all ethnic groups, attach great importance to the protection of cultural relics and intangible cultural heritage and do a good job collating ancient books and records.We will also strengthen international cultural exchanges to draw on the fine achievements of foreign cultures and enhance the influence of Chinese culture worldwide.4.Stimulate cultural innovation and enhance the vitality of cultural development.The only way to invigorate culture is to promote innovation in its content and form, its structure and mechanism, and its means of dissemination from the high starting point of our times and release and develop its productive forces.We must keep to the orientation of serving the people and socialism, upholdthe principle of letting a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend, and maintain close contact with

使之與當代社會相適應、與現代文明相協調，保持民族性，體現時代性。加強中華優秀文化傳統教育，運用現代科技手段開發利用民族文化豐厚資源。加強對各民族文化的挖掘和保護，重視文物和非物質文化遺產保護，做好文化典籍整理工作。加強對外文化交流，吸收各國優秀文明成果，增強中華文化國際影響力。

（四）推進文化創新，增強文化發展活力。在時代的高起點上推動文化內容形式、體制機制、傳播手段創新，解放和發展文化生產力，是繁榮文化的必由之路。要堅持為人民服務、為社會主義服務的方向和百花齊放、百家爭鳴的方針，貼近實際、貼近生活、貼近群眾，始終把社會效益放在首位，做到經濟效益與社會效益相統一。創作更多反映人民主體地位和現實生活、群眾喜聞樂見的優秀精神文化產品。深化文化體制改革，完善扶持公益性文化事業、發展文化產業、鼓勵文化創新的政策，營造有利于出精品、出人才、出效益的環境。堅持把發展公益性文化事業作為保障人民基本文化權益的主要途徑，加大投入力度，加強社區和鄉村文化設施建設。大力發展文化產業，實施重大文化產業項目帶動戰略，加快文化產業基地和區域性特色文化產業群建設，培育文化產業骨干企業和戰略投資者，繁榮文化市場，增強國際競爭力。運用高新技術創新文化生產方式，培育新的文化業態，加快構建傳輸快捷、覆蓋廣泛的文化傳播體系。設立國家榮譽制度，表彰有杰出貢獻的文化工作者。

十七大報告全文英漢對照 reality, life and the public.We must always give top priority to social benefits and try to ensure both good economic returns and social benefits.We must create more excellent, popular works that reflect the people's principal position in the country and their real life.We must deepen cultural restructuring and improve the policies for supporting nonprofit cultural programs, developing the cultural industry and encouraging cultural innovation, so as to create favorable conditions for producing fine works, outstanding personnel and good results.We must continue to develop nonprofit cultural programs as the main approach to ensuring the basic cultural rights and interests of the people, increase spending on such programs, and build more cultural facilities in urban communities and rural areas.We must vigorously develop the cultural industry, launch major projects to lead the industry as a whole, speed up development of cultural industry bases and clusters of cultural industries with regional features, nurture key enterprises and strategic investors, create a thriving cultural market and enhance the industry's international competitiveness.We will use new and high technology to create new ways of producing cultural works, foster new forms of operation in the cultural industry and accelerate the establishment of a dissemination system featuring fast communication and wide coverage.We will establish a national system of honors for outstanding cultural workers.The great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation will definitely be accompanied by the thriving of Chinese culture.We will give full scope to the principal position of the people in cultural development, arouse the enthusiasm of cultural workers, promote vigorous development and prosperity of culture more conscientiously and actively, and create cultural works in the great practice of socialism with Chinese characteristics, so that the people will share in the benefits of cultural development.VIII.Accelerating Social Development with the Focus on Improving People's Livelihood Social development is closely related to the people's well-being.More importance must therefore be

中華民族偉大復興必然伴隨著中華文化繁榮興盛。要充分發揮人民在文化建設中的主體作用，調動廣大文化工作者的積極性，更加自覺、更加主動地推動文化大發展大繁榮，在中國特色社會主義的偉大實踐中進行文化創造，讓人民共享文化發展成果。

八、加快推進以改善民生為重點的社會建設

社會建設與人民幸福安康息息相關。必須在經濟發展的基礎上，更加注重社會

十七大報告全文英漢對照 attached to social development on the basis of economic growth to ensure and improve people's livelihood, carry out social restructuring, expand public services, improve social management and promote social equity and justice.We must do our best to ensure that all our people enjoy their rights to education, employment, medical and old-age care, and housing, so as to build a harmonious society.1.Give priority to education and turn China into a country rich in human resources.Education is the cornerstone of national rejuvenation, and equal access to education provides an important underpinning for social equity.We must implement the Party's educational policy to the letter, focus on educating students with top priority given to cultivating their moral integrity, improve their overall quality, modernize the educational system, and train socialist builders and successors who have all-round attainments in moral, intellectual, physical and aesthetic education.All this is designed to run education to the satisfaction of the people.We will optimize the educational structure, promote balanced development of compulsory education, move faster toward universal access to senior secondary education, vigorously develop vocational education, and improve the quality of higher education.We will also attach importance to pre-school education and care about special education.We will update our views on education and deepen reform in curricula, modes of instruction, the systems of examination and enrollment, and the system for evaluating educational quality.We will ease the study load of primary and secondary school students and improve their overall quality.We will continue to run education on a nonprofit basis, increase government spending on education, regulate the collection of education-related fees, support the development of education in poverty-stricken and ethnic autonomous areas, improve the system of financial aid to students, and ensure that children from poor families and of rural migrant workers in cities enjoy equal access to compulsory education as other children.We will build up the ranks of teachers, with the emphasis on improving the quality of teachers in rural areas.We will

建設，著力保障和改善民生，推進社會體制改革，擴大公共服務，完善社會管理，促進社會公平正義，努力使全體人民學有所教、勞有所得、病有所醫、老有所養、住有所居，推動建設和諧社會。

（一）優先發展教育，建設人力資源強國。教育是民族振興的基石，教育公平是社會公平的重要基礎。要全面貫徹黨的教育方針，堅持育人為本、德育為先，實施素質教育，提高教育現代化水平，培養德智體美全面發展的社會主義建設者和接班人，辦好人民滿意的教育。優化教育結構，促進義務教育均衡發展，加快普及高中階段教育，大力發展職業教育，提高高等教育質量。重視學前教育，關心特殊教育。更新教育觀念，深化教學內容方式、考試招生制度、質量評價制度等改革，減輕中小學生課業負擔，提高學生綜合素質。堅持教育公益性質，加大財政對教育投入，規范教育收費，扶持貧困地區、民族地區教育，健全學生資助制度，保障經濟困難家庭、進城務工人員子女平等接受義務教育。加強教師隊伍建設，重點提高農村教師素質。鼓勵和規范社會力量興辦教育。發展遠程教育和繼續教育，建設全民學習、終身學習的學習型社會。

（二）實施擴大就業的發展戰略，促進以創業帶動就業。就業是民生之本。要堅持實施積極的就業政策，加強政府引導，完善市場就業機制，擴大就業規模，改善就業結構。完善支持自主創業、自謀職業政策，加強就業觀念教育，使更

十七大報告全文英漢對照 encourage and regulate educational programs run by nongovernmental sectors.Distance learning and continuing education will be promoted to make ours a society in which every citizen is committed to learning and pursues lifelong learning.2.Implement a development strategy that promotes job creation and encourage entrepreneurship to create more employment opportunities.Employment is vital to people's livelihood.We will continue to follow a proactive employment policy, strengthen government guidance,improve the market mechanism for employment, create more jobs and improve the employment structure.We will improve policies to encourage people to start businesses or find jobs on their own and promote a healthy attitude toward employment so that more people in the labor force will launch their own businesses.We will improve vocational education and training for the labor force and intensify pre-employment training for surplus labor transferred from rural areas.We will establish a unified, standardized labor market and a mechanism that ensures equal employment opportunities for both urban and rural residents.We will improve employment assistance to the needy and make it a priority to help zero-employment families to have job opportunities.We will do our best to help college graduates find jobs.We will regulate and coordinate labor relations, improve and implement government policies concerning rural migrant workers in cities, and protect the rights and interests of every worker in accordance with the law.3.Deepen reform of the income distribution system and increase the income of urban and rural residents.Equitable income distribution is an important indication of social equity.We will adhere to and improve the system whereby distribution according to work remains the predominant mode and coexists with various other modes.We will improve the distribution system to allow factors of production such as labor, capital, technology and managerial expertise to have a rightful share according to their respective contribution.A proper balance will be struck between efficiency and equity in both primary distribution and redistribution, with particular emphasis on equity in

多勞動者成為創業者。健全面向全體勞動者的職業教育培訓制度，加強農村富余勞動力轉移就業培訓。建立統一規范的人力資源市場，形成城鄉勞動者平等就業的制度。完善面向所有困難群眾的就業援助制度，及時幫助零就業家庭解決就業困難。積極做好高校畢業生就業工作。規范和協調勞動關系，完善和落實國家對農民工的政策，依法維護勞動者權益。

（三）深化收入分配制度改革，增加城鄉居民收入。合理的收入分配制度是社會公平的重要體現。要堅持和完善按勞分配為主體、多種分配方式并存的分配制度，健全勞動、資本、技術、管理等生產要素按貢獻參與分配的制度，初次分配和再分配都要處理好效率和公平的關系，再分配更加注重公平。逐步提高居民收入在國民收入分配中的比重，提高勞動報酬在初次分配中的比重。著力提高低收入者收入，逐步提高扶貧標準和最低工資標準，建立企業職工工資正常增長機制和支付保障機制。創造條件讓更多群眾擁有財產性收入。保護合法收入，調節過高收入，取締非法收入。擴大轉移支付，強化稅收調節，打破經營壟斷，創造機會公平，整頓分配秩序，逐步扭轉收入分配差距擴大趨勢。

（四）加快建立覆蓋城鄉居民的社會保障體系，保障人民基本生活。社會保障是社會安定的重要保證。要以社會保險、社會救助、社會福利為基礎，以基

十七大報告全文英漢對照 redistribution.We will gradually increase the share of personal income in the distribution of national income, and raise that of work remuneration in primary distribution.Vigorous efforts will be made to raise the income of low-income groups, gradually increase poverty-alleviation aid and the minimum wage, and set up a mechanism of regular pay increases for enterprise employees anda mechanism for guaranteeing payment of their salaries.Conditions will be created to enable more citizens to have property income.We will protect lawful incomes, regulate excessively high incomes and ban illegal gains.We will increase transfer payments, intensify the regulation of incomes through taxation, break business monopolies, create equal opportunities, and overhaul income distribution practices with a view to gradually reversing the growing income disparity.4.Accelerate the establishment of a social security system covering both urban and rural residents and guarantee their basic living conditions.Social security is an important guarantee of social stability.We will step up the building of a sound social security system that is based on social insurance, assistance and welfare, with basic old-age pension, basic medical care and subsistence allowances as its backbone, and supplemented by charity and commercial insurance.We will promote reform of basic old-age insurance systems in enterprises, Party and government organs and public institutions and explore ways to set up an old-age insurance system in rural areas.We will promote the development of basic medical insurance systems for urban workers and residents and a new type of cooperative medical care system in rural areas.We will improve the system of subsistence allowances for both urban and rural residents and gradually increase such allowances.We will improve the systems of unemployment, workers' compensation and maternity insurances.We will upgrade management of social security funds to higher-level authorities and work out unified methods fortransferring social security accounts nationwide.We will provide more social security funds through various means and strengthen their oversight and management to maintain and increase their value.We will improve

本養老、基本醫療、最低生活保障制度為重點，以慈善事業、商業保險為補充，加快完善社會保障體系。促進企業、機關、事業單位基本養老保險制度改革，探索建立農村養老保險制度。全面推進城鎮職工基本醫療保險、城鎮居民基本醫療保險、新型農村合作醫療制度建設。完善城鄉居民最低生活保障制度，逐步提高保障水平。完善失業、工傷、生育保險制度。提高統籌層次，制定全國統一的社會保險關系轉續辦法。采取多種方式充實社會保障基金，加強基金監管，實現保值增值。健全社會救助體系。做好優撫安置工作。發揚人道主義精神，發展殘疾人事業。加強老齡工作。強化防災減災工作。健全廉租住房制度，加快解決城市低收入家庭住房困難。

（五）建立基本醫療衛生制度，提高全民健康水平。健康是人全面發展的基礎，關系千家萬戶幸福。要堅持公共醫療衛生的公益性質，堅持預防為主、以農村為重點、中西醫并重，實行政事分開、管辦分開、醫藥分開、營利性和非營利性分開，強化政府責任和投入，完善國民健康政策，鼓勵社會參與，建設覆蓋城鄉居民的公共衛生服務體系、醫療服務體系、醫療保障體系、藥品供應保障體系，為群眾提供安全、有效、方便、價廉的醫療衛生服務。完善重大疾病防控體系，提高突發公共衛生事件應急處置能力。加強農村三級衛生服務網絡和城市社區衛生服務體系建設，深化公立醫院改革。建立國家基本藥物制度，保證群眾基本用藥。扶持中醫藥和民族醫藥事業發展。加強醫德醫風建

十七大報告全文英漢對照 social assistance.We will do a good job providing special assistance to families of martyrs and servicemen and helping demobilized military personnel return to civilian life.We will promote programs for the disabled in a humanitarian spirit.We will develop more programs for the elderly.We will intensify our efforts in disaster prevention and reduction.We will improve the low-rent housing system and speed up resolution of the housing difficulties of low-income families in urban areas.5.Establish a basic medical and health care system and improve the health of the whole nation.Health provides the foundation for people's all-round development and has a direct bearing on the happiness of each family.We must maintain the public welfare nature of public medical and health care services, always put disease prevention first, center on rural areas and attach equal importance to traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine.We will separate government administration from medical institutions, management from operation, medical care from pharmaceuticals, and for-profit from nonprofit operations.We will increase government responsibilities and spending, improve the national health policy, and encourage greater participation of nongovernmental sectors so as to develop systems of public health services, medical services, medical security and medicine supply to provide both urban and rural residents with safe, effective, convenient and affordable medical and health services.We will improve the system to prevent and control the outbreak of major diseases and enhance our capacity to respond to public health emergencies.We will improve the three-tier rural health care network spanning the county, township and village and the urban community-based health care system, and deepen reform of public hospitals.We will set up a national system for basic pharmaceuticals to ensure their supply.We will support the development of traditional Chinese medicine and the folk medicines of ethnic minorities.We will work harder to improve the professional ethics and style of work of health workers and the quality of medical services.We must ensure food and drug safety.We will adhere to the basic state

設，提高醫療服務質量。確保食品藥品安全。堅持計劃生育的基本國策，穩定低生育水平，提高出生人口素質。開展愛國衛生運動，發展婦幼衛生事業。

（六）完善社會管理，維護社會安定團結。社會穩定是人民群眾的共同心愿，是改革發展的重要前提。要健全黨委領導、政府負責、社會協同、公眾參與的社會管理格局，健全基層社會管理體制。最大限度激發社會創造活力，最大限度增加和諧因素，最大限度減少不和諧因素。妥善處理人民內部矛盾，完善信訪制度，健全黨和政府主導的維護群眾權益機制。重視社會組織建設和管理。加強流動人口服務和管理。堅持安全發展，強化安全生產管理和監督，有效遏制重特大安全事故。完善突發事件應急管理機制。健全社會治安防控體系，加強社會治安綜合治理，深入開展平安創建活動，改革和加強城鄉社區警務工作，依法防范和打擊違法犯罪活動，保障人民生命財產安全。完善國家安全戰略，健全國家安全體制，高度警惕和堅決防范各種分裂、滲透、顛覆活動，切實維護國家安全。

和諧社會要靠全社會共同建設。我們要緊緊依靠人民，調動一切積極因素，努力形成社會和諧人人有責、和諧社會人

十七大報告全文英漢對照 policy of family planning, keep the birthrate low and make the newborns healthier.We will launch patriotic sanitation campaigns and develop health care programs for women and children.6.Improve social management and safeguard social stability and unity.Social stability is the common aspiration of the people and an important prerequisite for reform and development.We need to improve the structure of social management comprising Party committee leadership, government responsibility, nongovernmental support and public participation, and improve the system of social management at the primary level.We will stimulate the creativity of society to the greatest extent, maximize factors conducive to harmony and minimize those detrimental to it.We will properly handle contradictions among the people, improve the system for handling complaints in the form of letters and visits from the public, and strengthen the mechanism for safeguarding the rights and interests of the people in which the Party and the government play the leading role.We will attach importance to the development and management of social organizations.We will improve services for and management of the floating population.We must ensure safe development by strengthening management and oversight of work safety and taking effective measures to prevent serious or exceptionally serious accidents.We will improve the mechanism of emergency management.We will improvethe crime prevention and control system, maintain law and order through comprehensive measures, launch intensive campaigns to ensure public security, reform and step up community policing in both urban and rural areas, and prevent and crack down on crime in accordance with the law to protect people's lives and property.We will improve the strategy and mechanism for national security, and keep high vigilance against and resolutely forestall separatist, infiltrative and subversive activities in various forms to safeguard national security.It requires joint efforts of the whole society to build a harmonious society.We must therefore rely firmly on the people and mobilize all positive factors to create a lively situation in which everyone is duty-bound to

人共享的生動局面。

十七大報告全文英漢對照 work for and benefits from social harmony.IX.Opening Up New Prospects for Modernization of National Defense and the Armed Forces To strengthen national defense and the armed forces occupies an important place in the overall arrangements for the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics.Bearing in mind the overall strategic interests of national security and development, we must take both economic and national defense development into consideration and make our country prosperous and our armed forces powerful while building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.For the armed forces to fully carry out the historical missions assigned by the Party and the people at this new stage in the new century, we must always follow the guidance of Mao Zedong's military thinking, Deng Xiaoping's thinking on building the armed forces in the new period and Jiang Zemin's thinking on building national defense and the armed forces, and take the Scientific Outlook on Development as an important guiding principle for strengthening national defense and the armed forces.We must implement the military strategy for the new period, accelerate the revolution in military affairs with Chinese characteristics, ensure military preparedness, and enhance the military's capability to respond to various security threats and accomplish diverse military tasks.We are determined to safeguard China's sovereignty, security and territorial integrity and help maintain world peace.To make the armed forces more revolutionary, modernized and standardized is an integrated endeavor, and balanced progress must be made in all the three aspects.We must always adhere to the fundamental principle of the Party exercising absolute leadership over the armed forces and the fundamental purpose of the armed forces serving the people.We will educate the military in its historical missions, ideals, beliefs, combat-ready spirit and the socialist maxims of honor and disgrace, and ensure that it carries forward its fine traditions of following the Party's orders, serving the people and fighting valiantly and skillfully.We must build strong armed

九、開創國防和軍隊現代化建設新局面

國防和軍隊建設，在中國特色社會主義事業總體布局中占有重要地位。必須站在國家安全和發展戰略全局的高度，統籌經濟建設和國防建設，在全面建設小康社會進程中實現富國和強軍的統一。

全面履行黨和人民賦予的新世紀新階段軍隊歷史使命，必須堅持以毛澤東軍事思想、鄧小平新時期軍隊建設思想、江澤民國防和軍隊建設思想為指導，把科學發展觀作為國防和軍隊建設的重要指導方針，貫徹新時期軍事戰略方針，加快中國特色軍事變革，做好軍事斗爭準備，提高軍隊應對多種安全威脅、完成多樣化軍事任務的能力，堅決維護國家主權、安全、領土完整，為維護世界和平貢獻力量。

軍隊革命化、現代化、正規化建設是統一的整體，必須全面加強、協調推進。要始終堅持黨對軍隊絕對領導的根本原則和人民軍隊的根本宗旨，深入進行軍隊歷史使命、理想信念、戰斗精神和社會主義榮辱觀教育，大力弘揚聽黨指揮、服務人民、英勇善戰的優良傳統。堅持科技強軍，按照建設信息化軍隊、打贏信息化戰爭的戰略目標，加快機械化和信息化復合發展，積極開展信息化條件下軍事訓練，全面建設現代后勤，加緊培養大批高素質新型軍事人才，切實轉變戰斗力生成模式。堅持依法治軍、從嚴治軍，完善軍事法規，加強科學管理。

十七大報告全文英漢對照 forces through science and technology.To attain the strategic objective of building computerized armed forces and winning IT-based warfare, we will accelerate composite development of mechanization and computerization, carry out military training under IT-based conditions, modernize every aspect of logistics, intensify our efforts to train a new type of high-caliber military personnel in large numbers and change the mode of generating combat capabilities.We must run the armed forces in accordance with the law, enforce strict discipline, improve relevant laws and regulations and strengthen scientific management.In keeping with the new trends in world military affairs and the new requirements of China's development, we must promote innovation in military theory, technology, organization and management.We will adjust and reform the structure, staffing, policies and institutions of the armed forces to gradually develop a complete set of scientific modes of organization, institutions and ways of operation with Chinese characteristics and in conformity with the laws governing the development of modern armed forces.We will adjust and reform the systems of defense-related science, technology and industry and of weapons and equipment procurement, and enhance our capacity for independent innovation in R&D of weapons and equipment with better quality and cost-effectiveness.We will establish sound systems of weapons and equipment research and manufacturing, military personnel training and logistics that integrate military with civilian purposes and combine military efforts with civilian support, build the armed forces through diligence and thrift, and blaze a path of development with Chinese characteristics featuring military and civilian integration.We will enrich and develop military sciences by carefully studying the features and laws of building and running the armed forces and the strategies and tactics for people's war under the new historical conditions.We will raise the people's awareness of national defense, strengthen national defense mobilization by improving the mobilization system, and enhance the quality of the reserves and the militia.We will

適應世界軍事發展新趨勢和我國發展新要求，推進軍事理論、軍事技術、軍事組織、軍事管理創新。調整改革軍隊體制編制和政策制度，逐步形成一整套既有中國特色又符合現代軍隊建設規律的科學的組織模式、制度安排和運作方式。調整改革國防科技工業體制和武器裝備采購體制，提高武器裝備研制的自主創新能力和質量效益。建立和完善軍民結合、寓軍于民的武器裝備科研生產體系、軍隊人才培養體系和軍隊保障體系，堅持勤儉建軍，走出一條中國特色軍民融合式發展路子。深入研究新的歷史條件下建軍治軍特點規律和人民戰爭戰略戰術，繁榮和發展軍事科學。

增強全民國防觀念，完善國防動員體系，加強國防動員建設，提高預備役部隊和民兵建設質量。加強人民武裝警察部隊建設，更好履行維護國家安全和社會穩定、保障人民安居樂業的職責使命。堅持擁軍優屬、擁政愛民，積極開展軍民共建，鞏固軍政軍民團結。各級黨組織、政府和人民群眾要一如既往支持國防和軍隊建設，軍隊要繼續為經濟社會發展作貢獻。

十七大報告全文英漢對照 strengthen the People's Armed Police so that it can better fulfill its duties of safeguarding national security and social stability and ensuring that the people live and work in peace.We must ensure that the government and the people support the military and give preferential treatment to the families of servicemen and martyrs, and that the military supports the government and cherishes the people.We will energetically encourage the military and the people to work together to promote cultural and ethical progress, and consolidate the solidarity between the military and the government and between the military and the people.Party organizations and governments at all levels and the general public will, as always, support efforts to strengthen national defense and the armed forces, and the military will continue to contribute to economic and social development.X.Carrying Forward the Practice of “One Country, Two Systems” and Advancing the Great Cause of Peaceful National Reunification Since the return of Hong Kong and Macao to the motherland, more and more experience has been gained in putting into practicethe principle of “one country, two systems.” The principle is perfectly correct and full of vigor.To realize China's peaceful reunification on this principle accords with the fundamental interests of the Chinese nation.A major task the Party faces in running the country in the new circumstances is to ensure long-term prosperity and stability in Hong Kong and Macao.We will unswervingly implement the principle of “one country, two systems,” under which Hong Kong people administer Hong Kong and Macao people administer Macao with a high degree of autonomy, and act in strict accordance with the basic laws of the two special administrative regions.We will render full support to the governments of the two regions in their administration in accordance with the law and in their efforts to promote economic growth, improve people's lives and advance democracy.We encourage people from all walks of life in Hong Kong and Macao to work with one accord to promote social amity under the banner of love for the motherland and devotion to their

十、推進“一國兩制”實踐和祖國和平統一大業

香港、澳門回歸祖國以來，“一國兩制”實踐日益豐富?！耙粐鴥芍啤笔峭耆_的，具有強大生命力。按照“一國兩制”實現祖國和平統一，符合中華民族根本利益。

保持香港、澳門長期繁榮穩定是黨在新形勢下治國理政面臨的重大課題。我們將堅定不移地貫徹“一國兩制”、“港人治港”、“澳人治澳”、高度自治的方針，嚴格按照特別行政區基本法辦事；全力支持特別行政區政府依法施政，著力發展經濟、改善民生、推進民主；鼓勵香港、澳門各界人士在愛國愛港、愛國愛澳旗幟下和衷共濟，促進社會和睦；加強內地與香港、澳門交流合作，實現優勢互補、共同發展；積極支持香港、澳門開展對外交往，堅決反對外部勢力干預香港、澳門事務。香港同胞、澳門同胞完全有智慧有能力管理好、建設好香港、澳門，香港、澳門已經并將繼續為國家現代化建設發揮重要作用，偉大祖國永遠是香港、澳門繁榮穩定的堅強后

十七大報告全文英漢對照 respective regions.We will increase exchanges and cooperation between the mainland and the two regions so that they can draw on each other's strengths and develop side by side.We will actively support the two regions in their external exchanges and firmly oppose attempts by any external force to interfere in their affairs.Our compatriots in Hong Kong and Macao, without doubt, have the wisdom and ability to successfully administer and develop their regions.Both regions have played and will continue to play an important role in China's modernization drive, and the great motherland will always provide them with strong backing for their prosperity and stability.To resolve the Taiwan question and achieve complete national reunification is a common aspiration of all sons and daughters of the Chinese nation.We will uphold the principle of “peaceful reunification and one country, two systems” and the eight-point proposal for developing the relations between the two sides of the Taiwan Straits and advancing the process of peaceful national reunification in the present stage.We will never waver in our commitment to the one-China principle, never abandon our efforts to achieve peaceful reunification, never change the policy of placing our hopes on the people in Taiwan and never compromise in our opposition to the secessionist activities aimed at “Taiwan independence.” With a firm grasp of the theme of peaceful development of cross-Straits relations, we will sincerely work for the well-being of our compatriots on both sides of the Straits and for peace in the Taiwan Straits region, and safeguard China's sovereignty and territorial integrity and the fundamental interests of the Chinese nation.Upholding the one-China principle constitutes the political basis for peaceful development of cross-Straits relations.Although the mainland and Taiwan are yet to be reunified, the fact that they belong to one and the same China has never changed.China is the common homeland for the compatriots on both sides of the Straits, who have every reason to join hands to safeguard and develop this homeland.We are ready to conduct exchanges, dialogue, consultations and negotiations with any political party in Taiwan on any issue as long as it recognizes that both sides of the

盾。

解決臺灣問題、實現祖國完全統一，是全體中華兒女的共同心愿。我們將遵循“和平統一、一國兩制”的方針和現階段發展兩岸關系、推進祖國和平統一進程的八項主張，堅持一個中國原則決不動搖，爭取和平統一的努力決不放棄，貫徹寄希望于臺灣人民的方針決不改變，反對“臺獨”分裂活動決不妥協，牢牢把握兩岸關系和平發展的主題，真誠為兩岸同胞謀福祉、為臺海地區謀和平，維護國家主權和領土完整，維護中華民族根本利益。

堅持一個中國原則，是兩岸關系和平發展的政治基礎。盡管兩岸尚未統一，但大陸和臺灣同屬一個中國的事實從未改變。中國是兩岸同胞的共同家園，兩岸同胞理應攜手維護好、建設好我們的共同家園。臺灣任何政黨，只要承認兩岸同屬一個中國，我們都愿意同他們交流對話、協商談判，什么問題都可以談。我們鄭重呼吁，在一個中國原則的基礎上，協商正式結束兩岸敵對狀態，達成和平協議，構建兩岸關系和平發展框架，開創兩岸關系和平發展新局面。

十三億大陸同胞和兩千三百萬臺灣同胞是血脈相連的命運共同體。凡是對臺灣同胞有利的事情，凡是對維護臺海和平有利的事情，凡是對促進祖國和平統一有利的事情，我們都會盡最大努力做

十七大報告全文英漢對照 Straits belong to one and the same China.Here we would like to make a solemn appeal: On the basis of the one-China principle, let us discuss a formal end to the state of hostility between the two sides, reach a peace agreement, construct a framework for peaceful development of cross-Straits relations, and thus usher in a new phase of peaceful development.The 1.3 billion people on the mainland and the 23 million people in Taiwan are of the same blood and share a common destiny.We will make every effort to achieve anything that serves the interests of our Taiwan compatriots, contributes to the maintenance of peace in the Taiwan Straits region, and facilitates peaceful national reunification.We understand, trust and care about our compatriots in Taiwan, and we will, therefore, continue to implement and enrich the policies and measures that benefit them, protect their legitimate rights and interests in accordance with the law, and support economic development on the west shore of the Straits in Fujian Province and in other areas where Taiwan investment is concentrated.The compatriots on both sides of the Straits need to increase contacts, strengthen economic and cultural exchanges in more areas and at higher levels and push for the resumption of direct links of mail, transport and trade, so that they will develop greater empathy and closer cooperation and work together for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.At present, the forces for “Taiwan independence” are stepping up their secessionist activities, seriously jeopardizing the peaceful development of cross-Straits relations.The compatriots on both sides need to work together to oppose and contain such activities.China's sovereignty and territorial integrity brook no division, and any matter in this regard must be decided by the entire Chinese people including our Taiwan compatriots.We are willing to make every effort with the utmost sincerity to achieve peaceful reunification of the two sides, and will never allow anyone to separate Taiwan from the motherland in any name or by any means.The two sides of the Straits are bound to be reunified in the course of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.With close solidarity and concerted efforts of all

好。我們理解、信賴、關心臺灣同胞，將繼續實施和充實惠及廣大臺灣同胞的政策措施，依法保護臺灣同胞的正當權益，支持海峽西岸和其他臺商投資相對集中地區經濟發展。兩岸同胞要加強交往，加強經濟文化交流，繼續拓展領域、提高層次，推動直接“三通”，使彼此感情更融洽、合作更深化，為實現中華民族偉大復興而共同努力。

當前，“臺獨”分裂勢力加緊進行分裂活動，嚴重危害兩岸關系和平發展。兩岸同胞要共同反對和遏制“臺獨”分裂活動。中國主權和領土完整不容分割。任何涉及中國主權和領土完整的問題，必須由包括臺灣同胞在內的全中國人民共同決定。我們愿以最大誠意、盡最大努力實現兩岸和平統一，絕不允許任何人以任何名義任何方式把臺灣從祖國分割出去。

兩岸統一是中華民族走向偉大復興的歷史必然。海內外中華兒女緊密團結、共同奮斗，祖國完全統一就一定能夠實現。

十七大報告全文英漢對照

第四篇：2008年政府工作報告下載(中英文)

11屆人大1次會議政府工作報告(全文)

國務院總理 溫家寶

各位代表：現在，我代表國務院，向大會報告本屆政府過去五年的工作，對今年工作提出建議，請予審議，并請全國政協各位委員提出意見。

一，過去五年的回顧

第十屆全國人民代表大會第一次會議以來的五年，是不平凡的五年。在中國共產黨的領導下，各級政府和全國各族人民認真貫徹黨的十六大精神，齊心協力，頑強拼搏，積極應對復雜多變的國際環境，努力克服經濟社會發展中的各種困難，戰勝了突如其來的嚴重非典疫情和歷史罕見的低溫雨雪冰凍等特大自然災害，改革開放和現代化建設取得了舉世矚目的重大成就。

——經濟建設跨上新臺階。2007年，國內生產總值達到24.66萬億元，比2002年增長65.5%，年均增長10.6%，從世界第六位上升到第四位；

全國財政收入達到5.13萬億元，增長1.71倍；外匯儲備超過1.52萬億美元。

——取消農業稅，終結了農民種田交稅的歷史。全國糧食連續四年增產，2007年產量超過1萬億斤。

——國有企業、金融、財稅、外經貿體制和行政管理體制等改革邁出重大步伐。開放型經濟進入新階段。2007年進出口總額達到2.17萬億美元，從世界第六位上升到第三位。

——創新型國家建設進展良好，涌現出一批具有重大國際影響的科技創新成果。載人航天飛行和首次月球探測工程圓滿成功。

——全面實現農村免費義務教育，這是我國教育發展史上的重要里程碑。覆蓋城鄉的公共衛生體系和基本醫療服務體系初步建立。

——城鄉公共文化體系逐步完善。文化體制改革取得重要進展，文化事業和文化產業快速發展。上海特奧會成功舉辦。北京奧運會、殘奧會和上海世博會籌備工作進展順利。

——民主法制建設取得新進步，依法行政扎實推進，保障人民權益和維護社會公平正義得到加強。

——人民生活明顯改善。五年全國新增城鎮就業5100萬人。城鎮居民人均可支配收入由2002年7703元增加到2007年13786元，農村居民人均純收入由2476元增加到4140元。社會保障體系框架初步形成。貧困人口逐年減少。

事實充分說明，過去的五年是改革開放和全面建設小康社會取得重大進展的五年，是社會生產力和綜合國力顯著增強的五年，是社會事業全面發展和人民得到更多實惠的五年，是我國國際地位和影響不斷提高的五年。

五年來，我們樹立和落實科學發展觀，著力發展經濟、深化改革開放、保障和改善民生，促進社會和諧，付出了巨大努力，做了大量工作。

(一)加強和改善宏觀調控，促進經濟平穩快速發展

我們圍繞解決經濟運行中的突出矛盾，注重宏觀調控的預見性、及時性和有效性。幾年來，針對固定資產投資增長過快、貨幣信貸投放過多、外貿順差過大，以及農業基礎薄弱等經濟發展中的不穩定、不協調、不可持續的問題，嚴把土地、信貸兩個閘門，提高市場準入門檻，適時調整財政政策、貨幣政策，完善產業政策和土地政策，調整經濟結構，加強薄弱環節。根據形勢的變化，多次及時調整金融機構存款準備金率、存貸款基準利率，取消或降低高耗能、高排放和資源性產品的出口退稅。這些宏觀調控措施取得明顯成效，經濟連續五年保持平穩快速發展，沒有出現大的起落。

我們從加強農業基礎入手，把促進糧食增產和農民增收作為首要任務，在制度、政策和投入方面采取一系列重大舉措。全部取消了農業稅、牧業稅和特產稅，每年減輕農民負擔1335億元。同時，建立農業補貼制度，對農民實行糧食直補、良種補貼、農機具購置補貼和農業生產資料綜合補貼，對產糧大縣和財政困難縣鄉實行獎勵補助。

大幅度增加對農業農村投入，中央財政用于“三農”的支出五年累計1.6萬億元，其中用于農村基礎設施建設近3000億元，地方也較多增加了投入。五年新增節水灌溉面積1億畝、新增沼氣用戶1650萬戶、新建改建農村公路130萬公里，解決了9748萬農村人口飲水困難和飲水安全問題，建立了重大動物疫病防控體系，防止了高致病性禽流感等疫情的蔓延。

這些措施，極大地調動了農民的積極性，有力地推動了社會主義新農村建設，農村發生了歷史性變化，億萬農民由衷地感到高興。農業的發展，為整個經濟社會的穩定和發展發揮了重要作用。

我們制定了國家中長期科學和技術發展規劃綱要，對2006到2020年的科技發展作出全面部署，啟動一批重大專項。這對增強自主創新能力，推進創新型國家建設，有著重要而深遠的影響。

基礎科學和前沿技術研究得到加強，取得高性能計算機、第三代移動通信、超級雜交水稻等一批重大創新成果，形成了一批具有自主知識產權和市場競爭力的產品。五年中央財政用于科技的投入達到3406億元。全社會研究與實驗發展經費，從2002年1288億元增加到2007年的3664億元，占國內生產總值的比重從1.07%提高到1.49%。以企業為主體的技術創新體系建設取得重要進展?？萍紕撔轮魏鸵I經濟社會發展的能力明顯增強。

我們制定和實施一系列產業政策和專項規劃，促進產業結構的優化升級。信息、生物、航空航天、新能源、新材料、海洋等高新技術產業加快發展。振興裝備制造業的成效顯著。旅游、金融、物流等現代服務業蓬勃發展?；A設施基礎產業建設取得長足進展，一批重大的工程相繼建成或者順利推進。

青藏鐵路提前一年建成通車，三峽工程防洪、發電、航運等綜合效益全面發揮，西電東送、西氣東輸全面投產，南水北調工程進展順利，溪洛渡水電站、紅沿河核電站、京滬高速鐵路和千萬噸級煉油廠、百萬噸級乙烯等重大項目陸續開工建設。五年新增電力裝機3.5億千瓦，是1950年到2002年53年的總和；新增公路19.2萬公里，其中高速公路2.8萬公里；新增鐵路營運里程6100公里；建成萬噸級以上泊位568個；新增電信用戶4.94億戶，有效地改善了能源交通通信的狀況，增強了經濟社會發展的后勁。

我們高度重視資源節約和環境保護?！笆晃濉币巹澮压澞芎蜏p排作為約束性目標。近兩年，又提出并實施節能減排綜合性工作方案，建立節能減排指標體系、監測體系、考核體系和目標責任制，頒布了應對氣候變化國家方案。依法淘汰一大批落后生產能力，關停小火電2157萬千瓦、小煤礦1.12萬處，淘汰落后煉鐵產能4659萬噸、煉鋼產能3747萬噸、水泥產能8700萬噸。啟動了十大重點節能工程。

燃煤電廠脫硫工程取得突破性的進展。中央政府投資支持重點流域水污染防治項目691個。繼續推進天然林保護、京津風沙源治理等生態建設，五年累計退耕還林、植樹造林4.79億畝，退牧還草5.19億畝。加強土地和水資源保護，五年整理復墾開發補充耕地2289萬畝。

經過各方面的努力，節能減排取得積極進展，2007年單位國內生產總值能耗比上年下降3.27%，化學需氧量、二氧化硫排放總量近年來首次出現雙下降，比上年分別下降3.14%和4.66%。節約資源和保護環境從認識到實踐都發生了重要轉變。

我們實施區域發展總體戰略。西部大開發繼續推進，五年中央財政支持重點建設投資2800多億元，基礎設施和生態環境建設取得明顯進展，重點地區和特色優勢產業加快發展。制定和實施振興東北地區等老工業基地戰略，大型的糧食基地建設不斷加強，國有企業改革改組改造取得突破性的進展，重大技術裝備國產化成效顯著，資源型城市經濟轉型試點進展順利，老工業基地煥發出新的生機和活力。

制定和實施促進中部地區崛起政策措施，糧食主產區現代農業建設步伐加快，重要能源原材料工業、裝備制造業和綜合交通運輸體系進一步發展。東部地區繼續率先發展，經濟實力和整體素質顯著提升。經濟特區、上海浦東新區、天津濱海新區開發開放加快推進。這些重大舉措，促進了區域經濟合理布局和協調發展。

(二)大力推進改革開放，注重制度建設和創新

全面深化農村改革。以鄉鎮機構、農村義務教育和縣鄉財政管理體制改革為主要內容的農村綜合改革，取得階段性的重要成果。放開糧食收購市場，實現了糧食購銷市場化。集體林權制度改革進行了成功的探索。供銷合作社、國有農場等改革進展順利。

堅持完善基本經濟制度。鞏固和發展公有制經濟，推進國有資產管理體制改革和國有經濟布局與結構調整，建立和完善國有資產出資人制度。加快國有企業股份制改革，一批具有國際競爭力的大公司大企業集團發展壯大。郵政體制改革順利進行，電力、電信、民航、鐵路等行業改革取得積極進展。

2006年，全國國有企業資產總額比2002年增長60.98%，實現利潤增長2.23倍，稅收增長1.05倍。國有經濟活力、控制力和影響力明顯增強。制定和實施一系列政策措施，進一步營造公平競爭的法制環境和市場環境，鼓勵、支持和引導個體私營等非公有制經濟發展。非公有制經濟在促進經濟增長、擴大就業、增加稅收和活躍市場等方面，發揮著越來越大的作用。

大力推進金融、財稅體制改革。針對國有商業銀行經營管理不善、金融風險加劇的狀況，我們果斷地推進了改革。中國工商銀行、中國銀行、中國建設銀行和交通銀行完成股份制改造并成功上市，資產質量和盈利的能力明顯提高，銀行業發生了重大變化。堅定地進行上市公司股權分置改革，解決了長期困擾證券市場發展的制度性問題。重點國有保險企業重組改制上市，促進了保險業迅速發展。

利率市場化改革邁出實質性步伐。實施人民幣匯率形成機制的改革，匯率彈性逐步增強。外匯管理體制改革全面推進。財稅體制改革進一步深化，財政轉移支付制度和公共財政制度逐步完善。2003年到2007年，中央財政對地方的轉移支付累計4.25萬億元，87%用于支持中西部地區。在部分企業試行國有資本經營預算制度。啟動和擴大增值稅轉型改革試點。統一內外資企業所得稅制度。建立國家統一的職務與級別相結合的公務員工資制度，初步規范了津貼補貼制度。投資體制改革和價格改革取得新進展。

加強市場體系建設。生產要素市場化的程度穩步提高。商品流通現代化的步伐加快。產品質量和食品藥品的安全專項整治取得明顯成效，保護知識產權力度加大，嚴厲打擊了制假售假、非法傳銷、商業欺詐、盜版侵權等違法犯罪活動。

堅持擴大對方開放。我們認真履行加入世界貿易組織各項承諾，積極做好過渡期的各項工作。深化涉外經濟體制改革，促進貿易投資便利化。放開外貿經營權，大幅度地降低關稅，取消進口配額、許可證等非關稅措施，金融、商業、電信等服務業的開放不斷擴大。進出口商品結構逐步優化。利用外資的質量進一步提高。實施“走出去”戰略邁出堅實步伐，對外經濟互利合作取得明顯成效。

(三)全面加強社會建設，切實保障和改善民生

我們堅持統籌經濟社會發展，加快教育、衛生、文化、體育等社會事業發展和改革，積極解決涉及人民群眾切身利益的問題。

在教育方面。全國財政用于教育支出五年累計2.43萬億元，比前五年增長1.26倍。農村義務教育已全面納入財政保障的范圍，對全國農村義務教育階段學生全部免除學雜費、全部免費提供教科書，對家庭經濟困難寄宿生提供生活補助，使1.5億的學生和780萬名家庭經濟困難的寄宿生受益。

西部地區基本普及九年義務教育、基本掃除青壯年文盲攻堅計劃如期完成。國家安排專項資金支持2.2萬多所農村中小學改造危房、建設7000多所寄宿制學校，遠程教育已覆蓋36萬所農村中小學，更多的農村學生享受到優質教育資源。更加重視職業教育發展，2007年中、高等職業教育在校生分別達到2000萬人和861萬人。普通高等教育本科生和研究生的規模達到1144萬人。高校重點學科建設繼續加強。建設健全普通本科高校、高等和中等職業學校國家獎學金助學金制度，中央財政此項支出從2006年的20.5億元增加到去年的98億元，高校資助面超過了20%，中等職業學校資助面超過了90%，資助標準大幅度提高。2007年開始在教育部直屬師范大學實施師范生免費教育試點。我們在實現教育公平上邁出了重大的步伐。

深入實施人才強國戰略，大力培養、積極引進和合理使用各類人才，高層次、高技能的人才隊伍不斷壯大。在衛生方面。全國財政用于醫療衛生的支出五年累計6294億元，比前五年增長1.27倍。重點加強公共衛生、醫療服務和醫療保障體系建設，覆蓋城鄉、功能比較齊全的疾病預防控制和應急醫療救治體系基本建成。國家規劃免疫預防的疾病由7種擴大到15種，對艾滋病、結核病、血吸蟲病等重大傳染病患者實施免費救治。

國家安排資金改造和新建1.88萬所鄉鎮衛生院、786所縣醫院、285所縣中醫醫院和534所縣婦幼保健醫院，為1.17萬個鄉鎮衛生院配置了醫療設備，農村醫療衛生條件明顯改善。全國建立了2.4萬多個社區衛生服務機構，新型的城市醫療衛生服務體系進一步健全。人口和計劃生育事業取得新進展，低生育水平繼續保持穩定。

人民健康水平不斷提高，嬰兒死亡率和孕產婦的死亡率明顯下降，2005年人均期望壽命達到73歲，對于我們這樣一個有13億人口的發展中國家是了不起的成就。

在就業方面。堅持實施和完善積極的就業政策，從財稅、金融等方面加大支持力度，中央財政安排就業補助資金五年累計666億元。城鄉公共就業服務體系建設進一步加強。統籌做好就業再就業工作，全面加強職業技能培訓，平均每年城鎮新增就業1000多萬人、農村勞動力轉移就業800萬人?；窘鉀Q國有企業下崗職工再就業的問題，完成下崗職工基本生活保障向失業保險的并軌。在勞動力總量增加較多、就業壓力很大的情況下，保持了就業形勢的基本穩定。

在社會保障方面。全國財政用于社會保障的支出五年累計1.95萬億元，比前五年增長了1.41倍。城鎮職工基本養老保險制度不斷完善，2007年參保人數突破了兩億人，比2002年增加了5400多萬人；做實基本養老保險個人賬戶試點擴大到11個省份；從2005年開始連續三年提高企業退休人員基本養老標準。中央財政五年累計補助養老保險專項資金3295億元。

2007年城鎮職工基本醫療保險參保人數達到1.8億人，比2002年增加近1倍；88個城市啟動了城鎮居民基本醫療保險的試點；新型農村合作醫療制度不斷完善，已經擴大到全國86%的縣，參合農民達到了7.3億人。全國社會保障基金累計4140億元，比2002年增加了2898億元。城鄉社會救助體系基本建立。城市居民最低生活保障制度不斷完善，保障標準和補助水平逐步提高。2007年在全國農村全面建立最低生活保障制度，3451.9萬農村居民納入了保障的范圍。

這是保障城鄉困難群眾基本生活的一項根本性的制度建設。社會福利、優撫安置、慈善和殘疾人事業取得新進展?？篂木葹墓ぷ魅婕訌?，中央財政五年支出551億元，受災群眾生產生活得到妥善安排。

在文化和體育方面。全國財政用于文化體育事業支出五年累計3104億元，比前五年增長1.3倍。縣鄉兩級公共文化服務體系初步形成，基本實現了縣縣有圖書館、文化館。全國文化信息資源共享工程、廣播電視村村通工程等基層文化設施建設扎實推進。哲學社會科學和新聞出版、廣播影視、文學藝術進一步繁榮。文物和非物質文化遺產保護得到加強。對外文化交流更加活躍。城鄉公共體育設施建設加快，群眾性體育蓬勃發展，體育健兒在國際大賽中取得優異成績。

在居民收入和消費方面。努力增加城鄉居民特別是低收入居民收入。調高最低工資標準；基本解決拖欠農民工工資的問題；四次提高重點優撫對象的撫恤補助標準，統籌解決退役軍人實際的困難。降低居民儲蓄存款利息稅率，提高個人所得稅起征點。家庭財產普遍增多。居民消費結構升級加快，家用汽車大幅度增加，移動電話、計算機、互聯網快速普及，旅游人數成倍增長。住房條件進一步改善，棚戶區的改造取得積極進展。城鄉居民享有的公共服務明顯增多。

在社會管理方面。著力維護人民群眾合法權益，積極化解社會矛盾。制定并實施保障農民工合法權益的政策措施。努力解決土地征收征用、房屋拆遷、企業改制、環境保護等方面損害群眾利益的問題。信訪工作不斷加強。高度重視安全生產工作，健全安全監管體制，落實安全生產責任制，加強安全生產法制建設。社會治安防控體系更加健全，綜合治理工作進一步加強。依法打擊各類犯罪活動，有效維護了國家安全和社會穩定。

在經濟快速發展和財力明顯增加的情況下，用很大力量解決了一些長期遺留的歷史問題。剝離和處置國有商業銀行不良資產，置換農村信用社不良貸款和歷年虧損掛帳，化解國有企業歷史債務，逐步解決國有糧食企業政策性虧損掛賬，還清出口退稅欠款，完善大中型水庫征地補償和移民后期扶持政策等。這些問題的解決對于經濟社會發展起到了重要作用。

五年來，我們在民主法制建設、國防和軍隊建設、港澳臺工作和外交等方面，也取得了重要進展。

穩步推進社會主義民主法制建設。各級政府自覺接受同級人民代表大會及其常委會的監督，主動接受人民政協的民主監督，認真聽取民主黨派、工商聯、無黨派人士、人民團體的意見，通過多種形式征求專家學者和人民群眾的建議，接受新聞媒體和社會各界的監督。實行重大事項決策公示和聽證制度。

加強城鄉基層自治組織建設，基層民主管理制度進一步健全。五年國務院共向全國人大常委會提交39件法律議案，制定、修訂137件行政法規。探索建立公眾有序參與政府立法的機制和制度，有15部法律草案和行政法規草案向社會公開征求意見。全面清理了現行的行政法規和規章。貫徹民族區域自治法，推進民族團結進步事業。全面落實宗教信仰自由政策，宗教事務管理走向法制化、規范化。全面落實僑務政策，依法保護海外僑胞和歸僑眷屬的合法權益。

全面加強軍隊現代化建設。積極推進中國特色軍事變革。調整改革軍隊體制編制和政策制度，裁減軍隊員額20萬的任務順利完成。國防和軍隊建設取得歷史性成就。人民解放軍和人民武裝警察部隊為維護國家主權、安全、領土完整和促進社會和諧穩定作出了重大貢獻。

堅持“一國兩制”方針，嚴格按照香港特別行政區基本法和澳門特別行政區基本法辦事。實施內地與香港、澳門建立更緊密經貿關系安排。香港、澳門保持繁榮穩定。

堅決反對和遏制“臺獨”分裂活動，捍衛國家主權與領土完整，維護臺海和平。實施一系列有利于人員往來和經濟科技教育文化體育交流的措施，促進了兩岸關系和平穩定發展。

積極開展對外交往與合作，全方位外交取得重大進展，堅定地維護和發展了國家利益。我國同主要大國加強了對話，增進了信任，擴大了合作。中美關系穩定發展，中俄戰略協作伙伴關系提高到新水平，中歐全面合作日益深化，中日關系得到改善，同周邊國家睦鄰友好關系進一步加強，區域合作取得新成果，同發展中國家的團結合作開創了新局面。成功舉辦一系列重大多邊外交活動。妥善應對國際上各種新挑戰，積極負責地參與解決全球性的問題，在解決國際和地區熱點問題上發揮著重要的建設性作用。

五年來，我們始終重視政府自身改革和建設。本屆政府把實行科學民主決策、推進依法行政、加強行政監督作為政府工作的三項基本準則。制定全面推進依法行政實施綱要，推動政府職能轉變和管理創新，強化了社會管理和公共服務。認真貫徹實施行政許可法，推進行政審批制度改革，國務院各部門取消和調整行政審批項目692項。推進政務公開，完善新聞發布制度，加強電子政務建設。全國應急管理體系基本建立。監察、審計等專門監督工作卓有成效。公務員教育培訓和管理法制化進一步加強。堅持不懈地開展反腐敗斗爭和加強政風建設，治理商業賄賂工作取得良好成效，依法查出違法違規案件和失職瀆職的行為，懲處腐敗分子。

過去五年，我們在豐富實踐中積累了許多寶貴經驗，主要體會是：

第一，必須堅持解放思想。解放思想、實事求是是我們黨的思想路線。只有堅持一切從實際出發，破除迷信，敢于沖破不合時宜的觀念束縛，尊重群眾首創精神，大膽探索、實踐和創造，與時俱進，才能使社會社會主義現代化事業充滿生機和活力。

第二，必須堅持落實科學發展觀?？茖W發展觀是發展中國特色社會主義重大戰略思想，是我國經濟社會發展的重要指導方針。我們要堅持把發展作為第一要務，著力轉變經濟發展方式，調整經濟結構，提高經濟增長質量和效益；堅持以人為本，注重統籌兼顧，推動全面協調可持續發展。只有深入貫徹落實科學發展觀，才能實現經濟社會又好又快發展，促進社會和諧。

第三，必須堅持改革開放。改革開放是決定當代中國命運重大而關鍵的抉擇。我們要堅定不移地推進經濟體制改革、政治體制改革，發展社會主義民主政治，完善社會主義市場經濟體制，解放和發展生產力，促進社會公平正義，實現人的全面發展。開放也是改革，開放兼容才能強國。改革開放貫穿于社會主義現代化建設的整個過程，任何時候都不能動搖。

第四，必須堅持搞好宏觀調控。宏觀調控與市場機制都是社會主義市場經濟體制的組成部分。我們要更大程度地發揮市場在資源配置中的基礎性作用，增強企業活力和競爭力。同時，要加強和改善宏觀調控，堅持主要運用經濟手段、法律手段，發揮各種政策的組合效應；堅持區別對待、有保有壓，不搞一刀切，不搞急剎車；堅持不斷總結經驗，及時調整政策，注重實際效果。只有把市場機制和宏觀調控有機結合起來，才能保證整個經濟充滿活力、富有效率、持續健康協調發展。

第五，必須堅持執政為民。政府的一切權力都是人民賦予的，執政為民是各級政府的崇高使命。我們要牢記全心全意為人民服務的宗旨，把實現好、維護好、發展好最廣大人民的根本利益，作為政府工作的出發點和落腳點。更加注重保障和改善民生，特別要關心和解決城鄉低收入群眾的生活困難，使全體人民共享改革發展成果。只有堅持一切屬于人民，一切為了人民，一切依靠人民，一切歸功于人民，我們的各項事業才能獲得最廣泛、最可靠的群眾基礎和力量源泉。

第六，必須堅持依法行政。遵守憲法和法律是政府一切工作的根本原則。我們要嚴格按照法定權限和程序行使權力、履行職責，加強政府立法，規范行政執法，完善行政監督，建設法治政府，不斷提高依法行政能力。只有全面推行依法行政，努力做到有權必有責、用權受監督、侵權要賠償、違法要追究，讓權力在陽光下運行，才能保證人民賦予的權力始終用來為人民謀利益。

我們也清醒地認識到，經濟社會發展和政府工作還存在不少問題，國內外形勢發展的變化使我們面臨諸多新的挑戰和風險。

——經濟運行中一些突出問題和深層次矛盾依然存在。近年來固定資產投資增長過快，貨幣信貸投放過多，國際收支不平衡。長期形成的結構性矛盾和增長方式粗放的問題仍然突出。投資與消費關系不協調，投資率持續偏高；一二三產業發展不協調，工業特別是重工業比重偏大，服務業比重偏低；自主創新能力不強，經濟增長的資源環境代價過大。農業基礎仍然薄弱，農業穩定發展和農民持續增收的難度加大，城鄉、區域發展差距擴大的趨勢尚未扭轉。特別是影響經濟發展的體制機制障礙還相當突出，改革攻堅任務繁重。

——涉及群眾切身利益的問題有待進一步解決。當前物價上漲、通貨膨脹壓力加大，是廣大群眾最為關注的問題。去年居民消費價格總水平比上年上漲4.8%，主要食品和居住類價格漲幅較大。物價上漲有多方面的因素：國內農產品價格多年在低位運行，近期的價格上漲有其必然性和一定的合理因素，但對群眾特別是低收入群眾生活影響較大；近年來國際市場初級產品價格大幅上升，也直接影響國內價格上漲。由于推動價格上漲的因素還將存在，今年價格上漲的壓力仍然較大。同時，生產資料價格不斷上升，房地產等資產價格上漲過快，防止通貨膨脹的任務相當艱巨。勞動就業、社會保障、教育、醫療衛生、收入分配、住房、產品質量安全、安全生產、社會治安等方面還有不少問題需要認真加以解決。

——國際經濟環境變化不確定因素和潛在風險增加。隨著經濟全球化深入發展，我國經濟與世界經濟聯系越來越密切。當前全球經濟失衡加劇、增速放緩，國際競爭更加激烈；美國次級抵押貸款危機影響蔓延，美元持續貶值，國際金融市場風險增大；國際市場糧食價格上漲，石油等初級產品價格高位運行；貿易保護主義加劇，貿易摩擦增多。國際上一些政治因素對世界經濟走勢影響也不容忽視。這些都可能對我國經濟發展帶來不利影響。我國正處在改革發展的關鍵時期，必須充分做好應對國際環境變化的各種準備，提高防范風險的能力。

——政府自身建設和管理需要加強。我們深深感到，政府工作與形勢的要求和人民的期望還有不小的差距。政府職能轉變還不到位，社會管理和公共服務比較薄弱；一些部門職責交叉、權責脫節，相互推諉，辦事效率低下；一些政府工作人員服務意識不強，素質不高；對權力的監督和約束機制不健全，形式主義、官僚主義問題比較突出，弄虛作假、奢侈浪費和腐敗現象比較嚴重。

我們一定要始終保持清醒頭腦，增強憂患意識，以對國家、對人民高度負責的使命感和緊迫感，更加兢兢業業、扎扎實實地做好政府各項工作。

各位代表！

過去五年的成就和進步，來之不易。這是在改革開放多年來奠定的基礎上取得的，是以胡錦濤同志為總書記的黨中央駕馭全局、正確領導的結果，是全國各族人民奮發進取、共同努力的結果，也是與廣大海外僑胞、國際友人的支持和幫助分不開的。在戰勝種種嚴重困難和挑戰、完成各項重大任務中，充分表現了中國人民不畏艱險、一往無前的決心、勇氣和意志。我代表國務院，向全國各族人民，向各民主黨派、各人民團體和各界人士，表示誠摯的感謝！向香港特別行政區同胞、澳門特別行政區同胞和臺灣臺胞，以及廣大僑胞，表示誠摯的感謝！向世界各國政府、國際組織和國際友人對中國現代化事業的理解和支持，表示誠摯的感謝！

第二，2008年的主要任務

今年是全國貫徹黨的十七大精神的第一年，改革發展任務繁重而艱巨，做好政府工作意義重大。

政府工作的基本思路和主要任務是：高舉中國特色社會主義偉大旗幟，以鄧小平理論和“三個代表”重要思想為指導，深入貫徹落實科學發展觀，更加重視加強和改善宏觀調控，更加重視推進改革開放和自主創新，更加重視調整經濟結構和提高發展質量，更加重視節約資源和保護環境，更加重視改善民生和促進社會和諧，推進社會主義經濟建設、政治建設、文化建設、社會建設，加快全面建設小康社會進程。

今年國民經濟和社會發展預期目標是：在優化結構、提高效益、降低消耗、保護環境的基礎上，國內生產總值增長8%左右；居民消費價格總水平漲幅控制在4.8%左右；城鎮新增就業1000萬人，城鎮登記失業率控制在4.5%左右；國際收支狀況有所改善。

這里要著重說明，提出國內生產總值增長8%左右，主要是綜合考慮了國內和國際多種因素，著眼于保持經濟平穩較快發展，引導各方面把主要精力和工作重點放在轉變發展方式、深化改革、加快社會建設上，防止片面追求和盲目攀比經濟增長速度，實現經濟社會又好又快發展。提出居民消費價格總水平漲幅控制在4.8%左右，主要是由于去年價格上漲對今年價格的翹尾影響較大，推動價格上漲的因素較多，控制物價上漲的難度加大；同時，又要考慮到居民、企業和社會各方面的承受能力，努力避免物價漲幅過大。

實現經濟社會發展的目標和任務，需要把握以下原則：堅持穩中求進，促進經濟平穩較快發展；堅持好字優先，加快轉變經濟發展方式；堅持改革開放，注重推進制度建設和創新；堅持以人為本，加快以改善民生為重點的社會建設。今年經濟工作，要把防止經濟由偏快轉為過熱、防止價格由結構性上漲演變為明顯通貨膨脹作為宏觀調控的首要任務；鑒于當前國內外經濟形勢發展的不確定因素較多，要密切跟蹤分析新情況新問題，審時度勢，從實際出發，及時靈活地采取相應對策，正確把握宏觀調控的節奏、重點和力度，保持經濟平穩較快發展，避免出現大的起落。

今年要著重抓好以下九個方面的工作：

(一)搞好宏觀調控，保持經濟平穩較快發展

根據國內外經濟形勢和宏觀調控任務的要求，今年要實行穩健的財政政策和從緊的貨幣政策。

繼續實行穩健的財政政策，就是要保持財政政策的連續性和穩定性，充分發揮財政促進結構調整和協調發展的重要作用，增加對薄弱環節、改善民生、深化改革等方面的支出；同時，進一步減少財政赤字和長期建設國債。今年，中央財政赤字預算擬安排1800億元，比去年預算赤字減少了650億元。擬安排國債投資300億元，比去年減少200億元。增加中央預算內經常性建設投資，中央建設投資總計為1521億元。繼續調整財政支出和政府投資結構，較大幅度地增加“三農”、社會保障、醫療衛生、教育、文化、節能減排和廉租住房建設等方面的支出。要抓好增收節支，依法加強稅收征管，規范非稅收入管理，控制一般性支出。改革政府投資管理方式，提高投資使用效益。

合理安排財政超收收入。去年全國財政比預算超收7239億元，其中中央財政超收4168億元。超預算收入使用的原則是：集中財力辦關系民生和制度性建設方面的事，調整結構，加強薄弱環節。依法增加地方兩稅返還和一般性轉移支付的支出；增加農林水、教育、文化和科技方面的支出；增加社會保障、醫療衛生、司法保障和廉租住房建設的支出；增加節能減排和環境保護的支出；解決農村義務教育債務和國有糧食企業財務掛賬等歷史遺留問題的支出。同時，削減財政赤字450億元；擬增加中央預算穩定調節基金1032億元。

實行從緊的貨幣政策，主要是考慮當前固定資產投資反彈的壓力較大，貨幣信貸投放仍然偏多，流動性過剩矛盾尚未緩解，價格上漲的壓力明顯，需要加強金融調控，控制貨幣供應量和信貸過快的增長。一要綜合運用公開市場炒作、存款準備金率等方式，加大對沖流動性力度；合理發揮利率杠桿調節作用；完善人民幣匯率形成機制，增強匯率彈性。二要著力優化信貸結構，嚴格執行貸款條件，有保有壓。控制中長期貸款增長，特別是對高效能、高排放企業和產能過剩行業的貸款；創新和改進銀行信貸服務，完善擔保、貼息等制度，加大對“三農”、服務業、中小企業、自主創新、節能環保、區域協調發展等方面的貸款支持。三要深化外匯管理體制改革。完善結售匯制度，加強跨境資本流動監管，穩步推進資本項目可兌換。拓展外匯儲備使用渠道和方式。同時，采取綜合措施，努力改善國際收支狀況。

防止價格總水平過快上漲，是今年宏觀調控的重大任務。必須從更加有效供給和抑制不合理需求量方面采取有力措施。一要大力發展生產，特別要加強糧食、食用植物油、肉類等基本生活必需品和其他緊缺商品生產，認真落實支持發展生產的政策措施，搞好產運銷的銜接。二要嚴格控制工業用糧和糧食出口；堅決制止玉米深加工能力盲目擴張，違規在建項目必須停建。三要加快健全儲備體系，改進和完善儲備調節和進出口調節的方式，適當增加國內緊缺重要消費品的進口。四要把握好政府調價的時機和力度，必須調整的資源性產品價格和公共服務收費也要從嚴控制，防止出現輪番漲價。五要健全大宗農產品、初級產品供求和價格變動的監測預警制度，做好市場供應和價格應急預案。六要加強市場和價格監管，抓好教育收費、醫藥價格、農資價格及涉農收費的監督檢查。依法打擊串通漲價、囤積居奇、哄抬物價等違法違規行為。七要及時完善和落實對低收入群眾的補助辦法，特別要增加對生活困難群眾和家庭經濟困難學生的補貼，確保他們基本生活水平不因物價上漲而下降。八要遏制生產資料尤其是農業生產資料價格過快上漲。九要堅持執行“米袋子”省長負責制和“菜籃子”市長負責制。物價問題與人民生活密切相關，各級政府一定要把穩定市場物價放在更加重要的位置上?，F在，國家糧食庫存充裕，主要工業消費品供大與求，只要切實加強領導，認真落實各項政策措施，上下共同努力，就一定能夠保證市場供應和價格基本穩定。

近期發生的嚴重低溫雨雪冰凍災害，給經濟造成重大損失，給群眾生活帶來很大困難。要繼續做好災后重建工作，把災害的損失減少到最低程度。要以電網恢復重建為重點抓緊修復基礎設施，盡快恢復農業生產，加強煤電油運協調工作，妥善安排受災地區群眾生活。同時，要從這次特大的自然災害中，認真總結經驗教訓。加強電力、交通、通信等基礎設施建設，提高抗災和保障能力；加強應急體系和機制建設，提高預防和處置突發事件的能力；加強對現代條件下自然災害特點和規律的研究，提高防災減災能力。(二)加強農業基礎建設，促進農業發展和農民增收

今年，要千方百計爭取農業有個好收成，努力增加農民收入，推進社會主義新農村建設。突出抓好三件事：一是大力發展糧食生產，保障農產品供給。糧食安全，關系經濟社會發展全局，關系人民群眾切身利益，絲毫不能放松糧食生產。要切實穩定糧食種植面積，提高單產水平。加大對糧食主產區和種糧農民的扶持力度，實施糧食戰略工程，加快建立糧食核心產區，全面提高糧食綜合生產能力和供給保障能力。農業生產既要增加總量，又要優化品種結構，促進各類重要農產品穩定增長。認真落實支持生豬、奶業、油料發展的政策措施。積極發展畜牧水產業，扶持和促進規?；】叼B殖。推進農業標準化生產，提高農產品的質量安全水平。二是加強農業基礎設施建設，加快完成大中型和重點小型病險水庫除險加固任務。搞好小型農田水利建設，大力發展節水灌溉。加大土地開發整理復墾力度，搞好中低產田改造，提高耕地質量，建設一批高標準農田。加強農村飲水、道路、電網、通信、文化等基礎設施建設，大力發展農村公共交通，改善農村人居環境。今年要再解決3200萬農村人口的安全飲水問題，增加500萬農村沼氣用戶，支持建設一批大中型沼氣項目。三是拓寬農民增收渠道。加快發展高產優質高效生態安全農業，支持農業產業化經營和龍頭企業發展，加強農村現代市場流通體系建設，壯大和提升農村二三產業，發展鄉鎮企業，增強縣域經濟實力。加強農村職業教育和技能培訓，提高農民轉移就業能力，發展勞務經濟。加大扶貧開發力度，繼續減少貧困人口。

主要措施是：一要大力增加投入。今年財政支農投入的增量要明顯高于上年，國家固定資產投資用于農村的增量要明顯高于上年，政府土地出讓收入用于農村建設的增量要明顯高于上年。調整耕地占用稅的使用方向，改革城市建設維護稅使用辦法，增加農村建設投入。今年中央財政安排“三農”支出5625億元，比上年增加1307億元。

二要強化和完善農業支持政策。增加糧食直補，農資綜合直補。擴大良種補貼規模和范圍增加農機具購置補貼種類，提高補貼標準，從今年起農機具購置補貼覆蓋到所有農業縣。根據情況提高糧食最低收購價。

三要堅持最嚴格的耕地保護制度，特別是加強基本農田保護。按土地利用總體規劃從嚴審查調整各類規劃的用地規模和標準，嚴格執行土地用途管制制度，依法嚴格管理農村集體和個人建設用地，堅決制止違法違規占用耕地和林地的行為。

四要完善農業科技推廣和服務體系。加強農業科技創新和成果轉化，強化以公益性為主的多元化農業技術推廣服務。加快推進農業機械化。加強良種、信息、農產品質量安全和防災減災體系建設，搞好動物疫病和植物病蟲害防控。擴大測土配方施肥規模。

五要全面推進農村改革。加快農村綜合改革步伐。采取多種有效措施，積極穩妥地化解鄉村債務。中央和地方將增加財政投入，用三年左右時間基本化解農村義務教育歷史債務。堅持農村基本經營制度，穩定和完善土地承包關系，按照依法自愿有償原則，健全土地承包經營權流轉市場，有條件的地方可以發展多種形式的適度規模經營。大力發展農民專業合作組織。全面推進集體林權制度改革。

(三)推進經濟結構調整，轉變發展方式

堅持擴大內需方針，調整投資和消費關系，促進經濟增長由主要依靠投資、出口拉動向依靠消費、投資、出口協調拉動轉變。關鍵是合理控制固定資產投資規模，著力優化投資結構。堅持嚴把土地、信貸閘門和市場準入標準，特別是要加強和規范新開工項目管理，嚴格執行項目新開工條件。堅決控制高耗能、高排放和產能過剩行業盲目投資和重復建設，提高限制發展行業的準入標準和項目資本金比例。違法違規建設項目要堅決停建。加大對經濟社會發展薄弱環節、重點領域和中西部地區的支持力度。從嚴控制新增建設用地特別是工業用地，今年土地利用計劃總規?？刂圃谌ツ晁?。要適應新形勢、新情況，加強和改進對社會各類投資活動的引導、調控和監管。

堅持把推進自主創新作為轉變發展方式的中心環節。要認真落實國家中長期科學和技術發展規劃綱要，全面啟動和組織實施大型飛機、水體污染控制與治理、大型油氣田及煤層氣開發等國家重大專項。實施基礎研究、高技術研究和科技支撐計劃。著力突破新能源汽車、高速軌道交通、工農業節水等一批重大關鍵技術。推進國家創新體系建設，重點建設一批國家實驗室、國家工程中心、面向企業的創新支撐平臺和企業技術中心，加強科技基礎能力建設。深化科技管理體制改革，統籌和優化科技資源配置。今年中央財政將安排科技支出1134億元，比上年增加134億元。完善和落實支持自主創新的政策，充分發揮企業作為技術創新主體的作用，鼓勵、引導企業增加研發投入。加大政府采購對自主創新產品的支持力度。擴大創業風險和投資試點范圍。實施知識產權戰略，加強國際科技合作。

推進產業結構優化升級。堅持走中國特色新型工業化道路，推進信息化與工業化融合。著力發展高新技術產業，大力振興裝備制造業，改造和提升傳統產業，加快發展服務業特別是現代服務業。繼續實施新型顯示器、寬帶通信與網絡、生物醫藥等一批重大高技術產業專項。充分發揮國家高新技術開發區的集聚、引領和輻射作用。圍繞大型清潔高效發電設備、高檔數控機床和基礎制造裝備等關鍵領域，推進重大裝備、關鍵零部件及元器件自主研發和國產化。加強地質工作，提高資源勘查開發水平。積極發展現代能源原材料產業和綜合運輸體系。

促進區域協調發展。深入推進西部大開發，開工建設一批重點工程，支持重點地區優化開發。繼續搞好天然林保護、防沙治沙、石漠化治理，落實退耕還林后續政策。組織實施東北地區振興規劃，支持先進裝備制造業發展和資源枯竭型地區經濟轉型。編制和實施促進中西部崛起計劃，落實并完善相關政策。鼓勵東部地區率先發展，著力提升國際競爭力。進一步加大對革命老區、民族地區、邊疆地區、貧困地區發展的扶持力度。制定并實施主體功能區規劃和政策。

(四)加大節能減排和環境保護力度，做好產品質量安全工作

今年是完成“十一五”節能減排約束性目標的關鍵一年，務必增強緊迫感，加大攻堅力度，力求取得更大成效。一是落實電力、鋼鐵、水泥、煤炭、造紙等行業淘汰落后生產能力計劃。建立淘汰落后產能退出機制，完善和落實關閉企業的配套政策措施。同時，按照規劃加強這些行業先進生產能力的建設。

二是抓好重點企業節能和重點工程建設。加快十大重點節能工程實施進度。提高城鎮污水處理能力，力爭用兩年的時間在36個大城市率先實現污水的全部收集和處理。適當提高排污費、污水處理費和垃圾處理費標準。完善和嚴格執行建筑標準，大力推進墻體材料革新和建筑節能。穩步推進城鎮供熱體制和市政公用事業改革。

三是開發和推廣節約、替代、循環利用資源和治理污染的先進適用技術，實施節能減排重大技術和示范工程。大力發展節能服務產業和環保業。開發風能、太陽能等清潔、可再生能源。

四是做好“三河三湖”、南水北調水源及沿線、三峽庫區和松花江等重點流域污染防治工作，實施渤海環境保護總體規劃。提高重點流域水污染物的國家排放標準。

五是加強農村飲用水水源地保護，推進農村生活污染治理，嚴格控制農村地區工業污染，加強畜禽、水產養殖污染治理，控制農業面源污染。

六是鼓勵和支持發展循環經濟，促進再生資源回收利用。全面推行清潔生產。

七是加強土地、水、草原、森林、礦產等資源的保護和節約集約利用，嚴厲查處亂采濫挖礦產資源等違法違規行為。搞好海洋資源保護和合理利用，發展海洋經濟。加強氣象、地震、測繪基礎研究和能力建設。

八是實施應對氣候變化國家方案，加強應對氣候變化能力建設。

九是完善能源資源節約和環境保護獎懲機制。執行節能減排統計監測制度，健全審計、監察體系、加強執法力度，強化節能減排工作責任制。

十是增強全社會生態文明觀念，動員全體人民更加積極投身于資源節約型、環境友好型社會建設。節約資源和環境保護要一代一代人持之以恒地進行下去，讓我們的祖國山更綠，水更清，天更藍。

加強產品質量安全工作。一是加快產品質量安全標準制定和修訂。今年要完成7700多項食品、藥品和其他消費品安全國家標準的制定修改工作，健全食品、藥品和其他消費品安全標準體系；食品、消費品安全性能要求及其檢測方法標準，都要采用國際標準。出口產品除符合國家標準外，還要符合進口國標準和技術法規的要求。二是完善產品質量安全法制保障。加快制定修訂涉及產品質量安全的法規，完善行政執法與刑事司法緊密銜接的機制，加強對違法違規企業的懲處力度。三是健全產品質量安全監管體系。嚴格執行生產許可、強制認證、注冊備案制度，嚴把市場準入關。提高涉及人身健康和安全產品的生產許可條件和市場準入門檻。加強食品、藥品等重點監管工作，嚴把進出口商量質量關。認真落實產品質量安全責任制。我們一定要讓人民群眾吃得放心、用得安心，讓出口產品享有良好信譽。

(五)深化經濟體制改革，提高對外開放水平

今年是改革開放30周年，改革開放使中國發生了歷史性的巨大變化。我們仍處于并將長期處于社會主義初級階段，進一步解放和發展生產力，進一步促進社會公平正義，實現全面建設小康社會和國家現代化的宏偉目標，必須繼續堅定不移地推進改革開放。今年著重抓好以下幾個方面：

推進國有企業改革，完善所有制結構。繼續推動國有資本調整和國有企業重組。深化國有企業公司制股份制改革。完善公司法人治理結構。做好政策性關閉破產和主輔分離、輔業改制工作。擴大國有資本經營預算制度試點。深化壟斷行業改革，引入競爭機制，加強政府監管和社會監督。嚴格規范國有企業改制和國有產權轉讓，防止國有資產流失，保障職工合法權益。推進集體企業改革，發展多種形式的集體經濟、合作經濟。認真落實鼓勵、支持和引導個體私營等非公有制經濟發展的各項政策，尤其要解決市場準入和融資支持等方面的問題。

深化財稅體制改革，加快公共財政體系建設。改革預算制度，強化預算管理和監督。完善財政轉移支付制度，提高一般性轉移支付規模和比例。積極推進省以下財政體制改革。全面實施新的企業所得稅法。改革資源稅費制度，完善資源的有償使用制度和生態環境的補償機制。繼續推進增值稅轉型改革試點，研究制定在全國范圍內實施方案。

加快金融體制改革，加強金融監管。繼續深化銀行業改革，重點推進中國農業銀行股份制改革和國家開發銀行改革。建立存款保險制度。加快農村金融改革，強化中國農業銀行、中國農業發展銀行和中國郵政儲蓄銀行為“三農”服務的功能，繼續深化農村信用社改革，積極推進新型的農村金融機構發展。優化資本市場結構，促進股票市場穩定健康發展，著力提高上市公司質量，維護公開公平公正的市場秩序，建立創業板市場，加快發展債券市場，穩步發展期貨市場深化保險業改革，積極擴大農業保險的范圍，做好政策性農業保險試點工作。依法嚴厲查處各種金融違法違規行為。切實防范和化解金融風險，維護金融穩定和安全。

拓展對外開放廣度和深度，提高開放型經濟水平。在保持出口平穩增長的同時，加快轉變外貿發展方式，優化出口結構，鼓勵自主知識產權和自主品牌的產品出口，提高出口產品質量、檔次和附加值。擴大服務出口，發展服務外包。積極擴大進口，重點增加先進技術裝備、重要原材料和關鍵零部件及元器件的進口。優化利用外資產業結構和地區布局，穩步推進服務業的對外開放。限制和禁止高耗能、高排放和部分資源性外資項目，切實糾正招商引資中違法違規的做法。創新對外投資和合作的方式，完善和落實支持企業“走出去”的政策措施。加強多雙邊和區域經濟合作。繼續推進自由貿易區的談判，認真實施已簽署的協定。維護公平的國際貿易秩序。

在推進改革開放中，要加快現代市場的體系建設，大力發展現代流通，深入整頓和規范市場秩序，推進社會信用制度建設。

(六)更加注重社會建設，著力保障和改善民生

堅持優先發展教育。一是在全國城鄉普遍實行免費義務教育。繼續增加農村義務教育公用經費，提高保障水平。適當提高農村家庭經濟困難寄宿生生活補助費的補助標準。認真落實保障經濟困難家庭、進城務工人員子女平等接受義務教育的措施。在試點的基礎上，從今年秋季起全面免除城市義務教育學雜費，這是推動義務教育均衡發展、促進教育公平的又一重大舉措。二是大力發展職業教育。加強職業教育基礎能力建設，深化職業教育管理、辦學、投入等體制改革，培養高素質技能型人才。三是提高高等教育質量。優化學科專業結構，推進高水平大學和重點學科建設。普通高校招生增量繼續向中西部地區傾斜。

辦好各級各類教育，必須抓好三項工作：一要全面實施素質教育，推進教育改革創新。深化教學內容和方式、考試和招生制度、質量評價制度等改革。切實減輕中小學生的課業負擔。二要加強教師隊伍特別是農村教師隊伍建設，完善和落實教師工資、津補貼制度。三要加大教育事業投入。今年中央財政用于教育的投入，將由去年的1076億元增加到1562億元；地方財政也都要增加投入。進一步規范教育收費。鼓勵和規范民辦教育發展。沒有全民教育的普及和提高，便沒有國家現代化的未來。要讓孩子們上好學，辦好人民滿意的教育，提高全民族的素質。

推進衛生事業改革和發展。重點抓好四件事：一是加快推進覆蓋城鄉居民的醫療保障制度建設。擴大城鎮職工基本醫療保險覆蓋面；城鎮居民基本醫療保險試點要擴大到全國50%以上的城市；在全國農村全面推行新型農村合作醫療制度，用兩年時間將籌資標準由每人每年50元提高到100元，其中中央和地方財政對參合農民補助標準由40元提高到80元。健全城鄉醫療救助制度。二是完善公共衛生服務體系。抓好重大疾病防治，落實擴大國家傳染病免疫規劃范圍的政策措施，加大對艾滋病、結核病、血吸蟲病等疾病患者的免費治療力度。加強地方病、職業病、精神病防治。做好婦幼保健工作。在中西部地區農村實行住院分娩補助政策。健全公共衛生服務經費保障機制。三是推進城鄉醫療服務體系建設。重點健全農村三級衛生服務網絡和城市社區醫療衛生服務體系。加大全科醫護人員和鄉村醫生培養的力度，鼓勵高素質人才到基層服務。開展公立醫院改革試點。制定和實施扶持中醫藥和民族醫藥事業發展的措施。四是建立國家基本藥物制度和藥品供應保障體系，保證群眾基本用藥和用藥安全，控制藥品價格上漲。今年中央財政將安排832億元，比上年增加167億元，支持衛生事業改革和發展，重點向農村和基層傾斜。

去年以來，國務院組織力量研究深化醫藥衛生體制改革問題，已經制定一個初步方案，將向社會公開征求意見。改革的基本目標是：堅持公共醫療衛生的公益性質，建立基本醫療衛生制度，為群眾提供安全、有效、方便、價廉的基本醫療衛生服務。我們要堅定地推進這項改革，讓人人享有基本醫療衛生服務。

加強人口和計劃生育工作。穩定現行生育政策和低生育水平，提高出生人口素質，綜合治理出生人口性別比偏高問題。全面實施計劃生育家庭特別扶助制度，擴大實施農村計劃生育家庭獎勵制度和少生快富工程范圍，提高獎勵扶助標準。加強流動人口計劃生育服務管理。

重視發展老齡事業，切實保障婦女和未成年人權益，關心和支持殘疾人事業。

努力擴大就業。認真貫徹執行就業促進法和勞動合同法。堅持實施積極的就業政策，落實以創業帶動就業的方針，加強就業和創業培訓，鼓勵自謀職業和自主創業，支持創辦小型企業。加快建設城鄉統一規范的人力資源市場，完善公共就業服務體系，促進形成城鄉勞動者平等就業制度。加強高校畢業生就業指導和服務。深化退役軍人安置制度改革。完善就業援助制度，落實促進殘疾人就業政策，建立幫助零就業家庭解決就業困難的長效機制。督促各類企業同勞動者依法簽訂并履行勞動合同。加強勞動爭議處理和勞動保障監察，嚴厲打擊各種非法用工行為。在世界上人口最多的國家解決就業問題，是一項極為艱巨的任務。我們要用百倍的努力，把這項關系民生之本的大事做好。

增加城鄉居民收入。關鍵要調整國民收入分配格局，深化收入分配制度改革，逐步提高居民收入在國民收入分配中的比重，提高勞動報酬在初次分配中的比重。一是多渠道增加農民收入，確保農民工工資按時足額發放，適當提高扶貧的標準。二是提高企業職工工資的水平，建立企業職工工資正常增長和支付保障機制。推動企業建立工資集體協商制度，完善工資指導線制度，健全并落實最低工資制度。改革國有企業工資總額管理辦法，加強對壟斷行業企業工資監管。三是從今年1月1日起，再連續三年進一步提高企業退休人員基本養老金水平。四是深化公務員工資制度改革，繼續做好規范公務員津貼補貼工作。加快推進事業單位收入分配制度改革。五是落實職工帶薪年休假制度。同時要進一步完善消費政策，拓寬服務消費領域，穩定居民消費預期，擴大即期消費。只有把經濟發展的成果合理分配到群眾手中，才能得到廣大群眾的擁護，才能促進社會的和諧穩定。

完善社會保障體系。堅持實行廣覆蓋、?；尽⒍鄬哟?、可持續的方針。一要做好社會保險擴面和基金征繳工作。重點擴大農民工、非公有制經濟組織從業人員、城鎮靈活就業人員參加社會保險。努力解決關閉破產企業退休人員和困難企業職工參加基本醫療保險問題。二要推進社會保險制度改革。完善社會統籌與個人賬戶相結合的企業職工基本養老保險制度，擴大做實養老保險個人賬戶試點，加快省級統籌步伐，制定全國統一的社會保險關系轉續辦法。規范發展企業年金制度。探索事業單位基本養老保險制度改革。抓緊制定適合農民工特點的養老保險辦法。鼓勵各地開展農村養老保險試點。加快完善失業、工傷、生育保險制度。三要采取多種方式充實社會保障基金，強化基金監管，確?；鸢踩?，實現保值增值。四要健全社會救助體系。重點完善城鄉居民最低生活保障制度，建立與經濟增長和物價水平相適應的救助標準調整機制。健全臨時救助制度。同時，積極發展社會福利事業。鼓勵和支持慈善事業發展。做好優撫安置工作。加強防災減災救災工作。為加快社會保障體系建設，今年中央財政將安排2762億元，比上年增加458億元。建立和完善覆蓋城鄉的社會保障體系，讓人民生活無后顧之憂，直接關系經濟社會發展，是全面建設小康社會的一項重大任務。

抓緊建立住房保障體系?？偟闹笇г瓌t是：(1)堅持從我國人多地少的基本國情出發，建立科學、合理的住房建設和消費模式。大力發展省地節能環保型住宅，增加中小套型住房供給，引導居民適度消費。(2)堅持正確發揮政府和市場的作用，政府主要制定住房規劃和政策，搞好土地合理供應、集約利用和管理，重點發展面向中低收入家庭的住房。高收入家庭的住房需求主要通過市場調節解決。(3)堅持加強對房地產市場的調控和監管，規范和維護市場秩序，促進房地產業持續穩定健康發展。今年要采取四項措施：一要健全廉租住房制度，加快廉租住房建設，增加房源供給，加強經濟適用住房建設和管理，積極解決城市低收入群眾住房困難。今年中央用于廉租住房制度建設的資金68億元，比去年增加17億元；地方各級政府都要增加這方面的投入。同時，要積極改善農民工居住條件。二要增加中低價位、中小套型普通商品住房供應，建立多渠道投融資機制，通過多種途徑幫助中等收入家庭解決住房問題。合理調整城市土地供給結構，增加中小套型住房用地。三要綜合運用稅收、信貸、土地等手段，完善住房公積金制度，增加住房有效供給，抑制不合理需求，防止房價過快上漲。四要加強市場監管，嚴格房地產企業市場準入和退出條件。依法查處閑置囤積土地、房源和炒地炒房行為。同時，要加強農村住房建設規劃和管理，切實解決農村困難群眾住房安全問題。我們要堅定不移地推進住房改革和建設，讓人民群眾安居樂業。(七)深化文化體制改革，推動文化大發展大繁榮

進一步落實和完善文化體制改革政策措施，推動文化創新，加強文化建設，保障人民基本文化權益，繁榮文化市場，滿足人民日益增長的、多樣的文化需求。堅持用馬克思主義中國化最新成果教育人民，在全社會樹立中國特色社會主義共同理想，大力弘揚以愛國主義為核心的民族精神和以改革創新為核心的時代精神，深入進行社會主義榮辱觀教育。推進和諧文化建設，實施公民道德建設工程，培育文明社會風尚。特別要加強青少年思想道德建設。深入開展文明創建活動。堅持為人民服務、為社會服務的方向，全面貫徹百花齊放、百家爭鳴的方針。發展哲學社會科學。繁榮新聞出版、廣播影視、文學藝術。鼓勵創作優秀精神文化產品。

加大政府投入力度，加快構建覆蓋全社會的公共文化服務體系，加強公益性文化事業建設，特別是加強社區和鄉村文化設施建設。加快鄉鎮綜合文化站建設。推進全國文化信息共享、廣播電視村村通、農家書屋和農村電影放映工程。具有公益性質的博物館、紀念館和全國愛國主義教育示范基地，今明兩年內全部向社會免費開放。完善文化產業政策，加快文化產業基地和區域性特色文化產業群的建設。加強網絡文化建設和管理。規范文化市場，堅持開展“掃黃打非”。加強民族文化遺產保護。擴大對外文化交流。加強城鄉公共體育設施建設，廣泛開展全民健身活動，不斷提高競技體育水平。

2008年奧運會和殘奧會即將在北京舉辦。這是全體中華兒女的共同期盼，對于促進我國經濟社會發展、增進中國人民同世界各國人民的友誼與合作，具有重要意義。要扎實做好各項籌備和組織工作，加強國際合作，創造良好環境，確保成功舉辦一屆有特色、高水平的體育盛會。

(八)加強社會主義民主法制建設，促進社會公平正義

深化政治體制改革，發展社會主義政治文明。擴大人民民主，健全民主制度，豐富民主形式，拓寬民主渠道，依法實行民主選舉、民主決策、民主管理、民主監督，保障人民的知情權、參與權、表達權、監督權。發展基層民主，完善基層群眾自治制度，擴大基層群眾自治范圍，推動城鄉社區建設，深入推進政務公開、村務公開、廠務公開。發揮社會組織在擴大群眾參與、反映群眾訴求方面的積極作用，增強社會自治功能。

全面落實依法治國基本方略。加強政府立法，提高立法質量。今年要重點加強改善民生、推進社會建設、節約能源資源、保護生態環境等方面的立法。政府立法工作要廣泛聽取意見。制定與群眾利益密切相關的行政法規、規章，原則上都要公布草案，向社會公開征求意見。合理界定和調整行政法規執法權限，強化行政執法監督，全面落實行政執法責任制。健全市縣政府依法行政制度。加強對行政收費的規范管理，改革和完善司法、執法的財政保障機制。加強法規、規章和規范性文件的備案審查工作。健全行政復議體制，完善行政補償和行政賠償制度。做好法律服務和法律援助工作。深入開展法制宣傳教育，在全社會形成自覺學法守法用法的良好氛圍。

完善社會管理。加強社會組織建設，健全基層社會管理體制。做好信訪工作，完善信訪制度。健全社會矛盾調解機制，妥善處理人民內部矛盾，維護群眾合法權益。完善社會治安防控體系，加強社會治安綜合治理，深入開展平安創建活動。改革和加強城鄉社區警務工作，加強流動人口服務和管理。集中整治突出的治安問題和治安混亂地區，依法防范和打擊違法犯罪活動，保障人民生命財產安全，確保社會大局穩定。加強國家安全工作。

強化安全生產工作。加大源頭治理力度，遏制重特大安全事故的發生。鞏固和發展煤礦瓦斯治理和整頓關閉兩個攻堅戰成果，繼續開展重點行業領域安全專項整治。加強對各類安全事故隱患排查和整治工作，健全重大隱患治理、重大危險源監控制度，完善預報、預警、預防和應急救援體系。依法加強監管，嚴肅查處安全生產事故。

(九)加快行政管理體制改革，加強政府自身建設

行政管理體制改革是深化改革的重要環節，是政治體制改革的重要內容，也是完善社會主義市場經濟體制的必然要求。改革的總原則和要求是：堅持以人為本、執政為民，堅持同發展社會主義民主政治、發展社會主義市場經濟相適應，堅持科學民主決策、依法行政、加強行政監督，堅持管理創新和制度創新，堅持發揮中央和地方兩個積極性。要著力轉變職能、理順關系、優化結構、提高效能，形成權責一致、分工合理、決策科學、執行順暢、監管有力的行政管理體制。

第一，加快轉變政府職能。這是深化行政管理體制改革的核心。健全政府職責體系，全面正確地履行政府職能，努力建設服務型政府。在加強和改善經濟調節、市場監管的同時，更加注重社會管理和公共服務，維護社會公正和社會秩序，促進基本公共服務均等化。重視發揮行業協會、商會等組織的作用。

第二，深化政府機構改革。這次國務院機構改革方案，主要圍繞轉變職能，合理配置宏觀調控部門的職能，調整和完善行業管理機構，加強社會管理和公共服務部門，探索實行職能有機統一的大部門體制；針對職責交叉、權責脫節問題，明確界定部門分工和權限，理順部門職責關系，健全部門間的協調配合機制。國務院機構改革方案將提交本次大會審議。

第三，完善行政監督制度。堅持用制度管權、管事、管人。加強行政權力監督，規范行政許可行為。強化政府層級監督，充分發揮監察、審計等專門監督的作用。自覺接受社會各個方面的監督。推行行政問責制度和政府績效管理制度。切實加強公務員隊伍建設。嚴肅法紀政紀，堅決改變有令不行、有禁不止的現象。大力推行政務公開，健全政府信息發布制度，完善各類公開辦事制度，提高政府工作透明度，創造條件讓人民更有效地監督政府。

第四，加強廉政建設。要把反腐倡廉建設放在更加突出的位置，旗幟鮮明地反對腐敗。堅持標本兼治、綜合治理、懲防并舉、注重預防的方針，扎實推進懲治和預防腐敗體系建設。特別要解決權力過分集中和缺乏制約的問題。從根本上加強制度建設，規范財政轉移支付、土地和礦產資源開發、政府采購、國有資產轉讓等公共資源管理。加大專項治理力度，重點解決環境保護、食品藥品安全、安全生產、土地征收征用與房屋拆遷等方面群眾反映強烈的問題，堅決糾正損害群眾利益的不正之風。大力提倡艱苦奮斗，堅決制止奢侈浪費。嚴肅查處各類違法違紀案件，深入開展治理商業賄賂，依法嚴懲腐敗分子，決不姑息。各位代表！

我國是統一的多民族國家，必須堅持各民族共同團結奮斗、共同繁榮發展。堅持和完善民族區域自治制度，促進少數民族和民族地區經濟社會發展，鞏固和發展平等團結互助和諧的社會主義民族關系。全面貫徹黨的宗教工作基本方針，落實宗教事務條例，發揮宗教界人士和信教群眾在促進經濟社會發展中的積極作用。做好新時期僑務工作，進一步發揮海外僑胞和歸僑僑眷在祖國現代化建設與和平統一大業中的作用。

加強國防和軍隊建設，是發展中國特色社會主義的戰略任務，必須統籌經濟建設和國防建設，在推進現代化事業進程中實現富國和強軍的統一。要堅持以毛澤東軍事思想、鄧小平新時期軍隊建設思想、江澤民國防和軍隊建設思想為指導，認真落實胡錦濤同志關于新形勢下國防和軍隊建設重要論述，把科學發展觀作為國防和軍隊建設的重要指導方針。著眼全面履行新世紀新階段軍隊歷史使命，提高軍隊應對多種安全威脅、完成多樣化軍事任務的能力，堅決維護國家主權、安全和領土完整，為全面建設小康社會提供強有力的保障。加強人民武裝警察部隊建設，提高執勤、處置突發事件、反恐維穩的能力。加強國防教育，增強全民國防觀念。完善國防動員體系。鞏固軍政軍民團結。

堅定不移地貫徹“一國兩制”、“港人治港”、“澳人治澳”、高度自治的方針，嚴格按照特別行政區基本法辦事；全力支持香港、澳門兩個特別行政區政府依法施政；進一步加強內地與兩個特別行政區在經貿、科技、教育、文化、衛生、體育等領域的交流合作。我們堅信，香港、澳門同胞一定能夠把香港、澳門管理和建設得更好。

堅持“和平統一、一國兩制”的基本方針和新形勢下發展兩岸關系、促進祖國和平統一的各項政策，牢牢把握兩岸關系和平發展的主題，鼓勵兩岸同胞加強交往、增進共識，積極促進兩岸經濟文化交流，推動直接“三通”。實施和充實惠及廣大臺灣同胞的政策措施，支持海峽西岸和其他臺商投資相對集中地區的經濟發展。爭取在一個中國的基礎上盡快恢復兩岸協商談判，解決兩岸同胞關心的重大問題。堅決反對“臺獨”分裂活動，絕不允許任何人以名義任何方式把臺灣從祖國分割出去。任何涉及中國主權和領土完整的問題，必須由包括臺灣同胞在內的全中國人民共同決定?！芭_獨”分裂勢力企圖改變大陸和臺灣同屬一個中國的現狀，破壞臺海和平，是注定要失敗的。兩岸統一是中華民族走向偉大復興的歷史必然。海內外中華兒女共同奮斗，一定能夠完成祖國統一大業！

在新的一年，我們要高舉和平、發展、合作的旗幟，堅持獨立自主的和平外交政策，堅持和平發展的道路，堅持互利共贏的開放戰略，推動建設持久和平、共同繁榮的和諧世界。要努力發展同發達國家的關系，全面深化同周邊國家的睦鄰友好關系，大力加強同發展中國家的團結合作，積極開展多邊外交，推動重大熱點問題和全球性問題的妥善解決，維護我國公民和法人在海外的合法權益。中國政府和人民愿同各國人民一道，共同分享發展機遇，共同應對風險挑戰，共同推進人類和平與發展的崇高事業。

各位代表！

回顧五年的成就，令人鼓舞；展望未來發展，催人奮進。偉大的祖國已邁上新的歷史征程，前景無限美好。讓我們在以胡錦濤同志為總書記的黨中央領導下，高舉中國特色社會主義偉大旗幟，以鄧小平理論和“三個代表”重要思想為指導，深入貫徹落實科學發展觀，解放思想，改革創新，扎實工作，為奪取全面建設小康社會新勝利而努力奮斗！

REPORT ON THE WORK OF THE GOVERNMENT

Delivered at the First Session of the Eleventh National

People's Congress on March 5, 2008

Wen Jiabao

Premier of the State Council

Fellow Deputies，On behalf of the State Council, I would now like to deliver to you a report on the work of the government over the past five years and on the arrangements for its work this year for your deliberation and approval and also for comments and suggestions from the members of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference(CPPCC).I.Review of the Work of the Past Five Years

The past five years since the First Session of the Tenth National People's Congress was a momentous period.Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China(CPC), governments at all levels and people of all the ethnic groups in China diligently followed the guiding principles set out at the Sixteenth CPC National Congress and worked in concert and with dedication.We vigorously responded to the complex and volatile international environment, strove to overcome various difficulties hindering economic and social development, and prevailed over the sudden and severe outbreak of SARS and catastrophic natural disasters such as the recent snow and ice storms in the south that the region has rarely seen before.We made major achievements in reform, opening up and modernization, which attracted the attention of the world.– The economy reached a new high.China's GDP in 2007 reached 24.66 trillion yuan, an increase of 65.5% over 2002 and an average annual increase of 10.6%, rising from the sixth highest one in the world to the fourth.Total government revenue reached 5.13 trillion yuan, a 171% increase over 2002.Our foreign exchange reserves exceeded US$ 1.52 trillion.– The agricultural tax was rescinded, ending the centuries-old practice of farmers paying taxes.China's grain output rose four consecutive years to reach 501.5 million tons in 2007.– Major progress was made in the reform of state-owned enterprises(SOEs), the financial system, fiscal and taxation systems, the system of foreign trade and economic cooperation, and the administrative system.China has entered a new stage in developing a more open economy.Total volume of imports and exports reached $2.17 trillion in 2007, raising China from the sixth largest trading nation in the world to the third largest.– Good progress was made in efforts to make China more innovative, and a number of major scientific and technological innovations with international impact were made.Manned spaceflights and our first moon exploration project were successfully carried out.– Free compulsory education was made available to all rural students, marking an important milestone in the history of the development of education in China.The basic frameworks for a public health system and a system of basic medical services covering both urban and rural areas have been put in place.– Steady improvement was made in the urban and rural system of public cultural services.Significant progress was made in reform of the cultural management system, and the development of cultural programs and cultural industries was accelerated.The Shanghai Special Olympics was successfully held.Preparations for the 2008 Olympics and Paralympics in Beijing and the 2010 World Expo in Shanghai proceeded smoothly.– Progress was made in developing democracy and the legal system and in enhancing law-based government.Greater efforts were made to safeguard people's rights and interests and ensure social fairness and justice.– People's living standards improved significantly.Fifty-one million urban jobs were created over the past five years.Urban per capita annual disposable income rose from 7,703 yuan in 2002 to 13,786 yuan in 2007, and rural per capita annual net income rose from 2,476 yuan to 4,140 yuan during the same period.The basic framework for a social safety net for both urban and rural areas was put in place.The number of people living in poverty was reduced every year.All these improvements fully demonstrate that during the past five-year period great strides were made in carrying out reform and opening up and building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.During this time the productive forces and overall national strength were significantly improved, social programs were comprehensively developed, people received even greater benefits and China's international standing and influence constantly grew.During the past five years we established and put into practice the Scientific Outlook on Development, worked hard on economic development, deepened reform and opening up, ensured the wellbeing of the people, improved their lives, and promoted social harmony.We made great efforts and accomplished a great deal.1.Improving macroeconomic regulation to promote steady and rapid economic development.We endeavored to make macroeconomic regulation more proactive, responsive and effective, with the focus on resolving major problems affecting economic operation.Over the past few years, we tightened controls on the supplies of land and credit, raised market access requirements, adjusted financial and monetary policies as needed, improved industrial policies and the land policy, adjusted the economic structure, shored up weak links and effectively regulated economic operation to address problems such as overheated growth in fixed asset investment, excessive supplies of money and credit, excessively large trade surplus, and weakness in agriculture, the foundation of the economy, which could cause economic development to become unstable, unbalanced and unsustainable.In response to changes in the economy, we have repeatedly made timely adjustments in the required reserve ratio and the benchmark interest rates for savings and loans in financial institutions and rescinded or reduced export tax rebates for resource products and products whose production is energy intensive or highly polluting.These macroeconomic regulatory measures produced significant results, and China's economy maintained steady and rapid development throughout the five-year period, without experiencing major fluctuations.We adopted a series of major measures related to institutions, policies and investment to increase grain production and rural incomes as a matter of priority and strengthen agriculture as the foundation of the economy.We completely rescinded the agricultural tax, livestock tax and tax on special agricultural products throughout China, reducing the burden on farmers by an average of 133.5 billion yuan per year.In addition, we set up a subsidy scheme for agriculture, instituting direct subsidies for grain producers, subsidies for superior crop varieties, subsidies for the purchase of agricultural machinery and tools, and general subsidies for agricultural production supplies and providing incentives to major grain-producing counties and subsidies to counties and townships with serious financial difficulties.Investment in agriculture and rural areas was greatly increased.Central government allocations for agriculture, rural areas and farmers reached 1.6 trillion yuan over the past five years, including nearly 300 billion yuan that was used for developing rural infrastructure.Local governments also substantially increased their input.During the five-year period, an additional 6.667 million hectares of farmland was equipped with water-saving irrigation facilities, methane gas was made available to 16.5 million more households, 1.3 million kilometers of rural roads were built or upgraded, and safe drinking water was provided to an additional 97.48 million rural residents.A system for the prevention and control of major animal diseases was set up, and the spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza was prevented.These measures greatly encouraged farmers to grow more, gave a strong impetus to the development of a new socialist countryside and brought historic changes to rural China to the great satisfaction of hundreds of millions of rural people.Agricultural development played an important role in ensuring the overall stability and development of China's economy and society.We formulated the Outline of the National Program for Long-and Medium-Term Scientific and Technological Development, which contains comprehensive plans for the development of science and technology in China from 2006 through 2020 and calls for the launching of a number of major projects.This will have an important and far-reaching impact on efforts to strengthen China's capacity for independent innovation and make it an innovative country.Work in basic research and research in leading-edge technologies was intensified;a number of major innovations such as high-performance computers, third generation mobile communications, and super-hybrid rice were achieved;and a number of products that are competitive and carry Chinese intellectual property rights were developed.The central government spent 340.6 billion yuan on science and technology over the past five years.China's total investment in research, experimentation and development rose from the 128.8 billion yuan of 2002 to 366.4 billion yuan in 2007, with its share in the GDP rising from 1.07% to 1.49%.Major progress was made in developing a system for technological innovation in which enterprises play a key role.The capacity of scientific and technological innovation to sustain and boost economic and social development was markedly increased.We formulated and implemented a series of industrial policies and special plans designed to improve and upgrade the industrial structure.Development of new and high technology industries in information, biology, aerospace, new energy sources, new materials and oceanography was accelerated.Efforts to boost the equipment manufacturing industry produced significant results.Development of modern service industries such as tourism, banking and distribution was accelerated.Great progress was made in the development of infrastructure and basic industries, marked by the completion of or smooth progress on a number of major projects.The Qinghai-Tibet Railway was opened to traffic a year ahead of time;the Three Gorges Project is fully playing its designed role in flood prevention, power generation and shipping;the projects to send electricity and gas from China's western region to the eastern region are fully operational;the project to divert water from southern China to northern China is progressing smoothly;and construction has been started on a number of major projects such as the Xiluodu Hydroelectric Plant, Hongyanhe Nuclear Power Plant, Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway, a ten million-ton capacity oil refinery and a million-ton capacity ethylene plant.Major progress has been made in the prospecting and development of the Puguang Gas Field and the Nanpu Oldfield.Newly added power-generating capacity over the five years totaled 350 million kW, equivalent to all the capacity added between 1950 and 2002.A total of 192,000 kilometers of highways were built, including 28,000 kilometers of expressways.A total of 6,100 kilometers of new railway lines went into operation.An additional 568 berths that can handle ships larger than 10,000 tons were completed.The number of telecommunications users was increased by 494 million.All of the above measures effectively improved the capacity of the energy, transportation and communications sectors and strengthened the basis for further economic and social development.We gave high priority to conserving resources and protecting the environment.Obligatory targets for saving energy and reducing emissions were set in the Outline of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development.In the last two years, a general work plan for saving energy and reducing emissions was introduced;a system of targets for this work, a monitoring system, a system for assessing work performance and a system of accountability for reaching the targets were put in place;and a state plan to address climate change was promulgated.A large number of backward production facilities were shut down in accordance with the law.They include small thermal power plants with a total capacity of 21.57 million kW, 11,200 small coal mines, backward iron smelting facilities with a total capacity of 46.59 million tons, backward steel plants with a total capacity of 37.47 million tons and cement plants with a total capacity of 87 million tons.Ten major energy-saving projects were launched.Breakthroughs were made in carrying out desulfurizing projects for coal-fired power plants.The central government provided financial support for 691 projects to prevent and control water pollution in major river valleys.Work continued on ecological conservation projects such as those to protect natural forests and control the factors causing sandstorms in Beijing and Tianjin.During the five-year period, the area of farmland retired for forestation and other lands planted with trees amounted to 31.91 million hectares, and grazing land returned to natural grasslands totaled 34.6 million hectares.Protection of land and water resources was strengthened, with a total of 1.526 million hectares of farmland being upgraded, reclaimed or newly developed over the last five years.Thanks to the strong efforts of the whole country, encouraging progress was made in conserving energy and reducing emissions.In 2007 there was a 3.27% year-on-year drop in energy consumption per unit of GDP, and for the first time in recent years there was a reduction in both chemical oxygen demand and the total emission of sulfur dioxide, with the former down 3.14% and the latter down 4.66% from the previous year.People became more aware of the importance of conserving resources and protecting the environment and made greater efforts in this area.We followed a master strategy for regional development.Continued progress was made in the large-scale development of the western region, with central government financial support for key projects totaling over 280 billion yuan over the last five years.Substantial progress was made in infrastructure development and ecological and environmental conservation projects, and development of key areas and industries with local advantages was accelerated.We formulated and implemented the strategy of rejuvenating the old industrial bases such as northeast China, increased efforts to develop large grain production bases, made breakthroughs in reforming, reorganizing and upgrading SOEs, made major progress in using domestically-produced key equipment in place of imports, and made smooth headway in the trial to transform the economies of cities dependent on resource exploitation.The old industrial bases are now showing new signs of vitality.We formulated and implemented policies and measures to promote development in the central region and made accelerated progress in developing modern agriculture in major grain-producing areas.Major energy and raw material industries, the equipment manufacturing industry and the overall transportation system were further developed.The eastern region continued to lead in development, with significant gains in economic strength and overall improvement.The process of developing and opening up the special economic zones, the Shanghai Pudong New Area and the Tianjin Binhai New Area was accelerated.These major measures promoted a better distribution and more balanced development of regional economies.2.Working hard on reform and opening up, concentrating on institutional development and innovation.Rural reforms were deepened across the board.Major progress was made in the current stage of the overall rural reform, mainly consisting of reform of town and township government bodies, reform of the rural compulsory education system and reform of the fiscal systems at the county and township levels.Government control of grain purchasing was lifted, and the purchase and sale of grain are now market based.Successful trials were carried out in reforming the system of collective forest rights.Smooth progress was made in the reform of supply and marketing cooperatives and state-owned farms.Continued progress was made in improving the basic economic system.We consolidated and developed the public sector of the economy, made progress in reform of the management system for state-owned assets and adjustment of the distribution and structure of the state sector of the economy, and set up and improved a system for investors of state assets.We accelerated the reform to institute a stockholding system in SOEs, and a number of large companies and conglomerates with the ability to compete internationally were formed.Reform of the postal service system proceeded smoothly, and encouraging progress was made in reforming the power, telecommunications, civil aviation and railway industries.The total value of assets of Chinese SOEs in 2006 grew by 60.98% compared to 2002, their total profits increased by 223%, and their tax contributions grew by 105%.The vitality of the state sector and its impact and influence on the economy as a whole were greatly enhanced.We formulated and implemented a series of policies and measures to foster a legal framework and market environment conducive to fair competition, and encouraged, supported and guided the development of the nonpublic sector, which includes individual-proprietorship businesses and private enterprises.As a result, the nonpublic sector of the economy is playing an increasingly bigger role in stimulating economic growth, creating jobs, increasing tax revenue, and invigorating the market.We vigorously promoted reform of the banking, fiscal and taxation systems.We resolutely carried out reform addressing the poor performance and greater financial risks of state-owned commercial banks.The Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, the Bank of China, the China Construction Bank and the Bank of Communications were turned into stockholding companies and listed on stock markets.This brought about significant improvement in the quality of their assets and profitability as well as major changes in the banking industry.We resolutely carried out reform of the shareholder structure in listed companies and resolved this longstanding institutional problem that hindered the development of the securities market.Key state-owned insurance firms were reorganized and went public, promoting rapid development of the insurance industry.Substantive progress was made in making interest rates more market-based.We reformed the RMB exchange rate regime to gradually make the exchange rate more flexible.Comprehensive progress was made in reform of the system for managing foreign exchange.Reform of the fiscal and taxation systems was deepened, and the system of transfer payments and the system of public finance were steadily improved.The central government turned over 4.25 trillion yuan in transfer payments to local governments from 2003 to 2007, with 87% of it allocated to the central and western regions.A budget system for managing state capital was introduced in some enterprises on a trial basis.We launched and expanded trials to reform the value-added tax.The income tax systems for domestic and overseas-funded enterprises were unified.A unified state civil servant salary system based on both position and rank was set up, and the system of subsidies and allowances was basically standardized.Further progress was made in reform of the investment system and pricing system.Work to develop the market system was intensified.Market forces played an increasingly important role in trade in the factors of production.The modernization of commodity distribution was accelerated.Significant achievements were made in the effort to rectify order in the markets for land and mineral resources and improve the quality of products and the safety of food and drugs.Protection of intellectual property rights was strengthened, and we severely cracked down on violations of the law such as the production and sale of counterfeit goods, pyramid schemes, commercial fraud, piracy and infringement on others'rights.We continued to open China wider to the outside world.We honored all the commitments we made when we entered the World Trade Organization and made all the required adjustments for the transition period.We deepened reform of the externally oriented economic system to facilitate trade and investment.We lifted controls over access to foreign trade, greatly lowered tariffs, rescinded non-tariff measures such as import quotas and permits, and opened banking, commerce, telecommunications and other service sectors wider.There was gradual improvement in the mix of imports and exports.There was further improvement in the utilization of foreign capital.The “go global” strategy was resolutely implemented and significant results were obtained in mutually beneficial economic cooperation with other countries.3.Strengthening all aspects of social development, ensuring the wellbeing of the people and improving their lives.We steadfastly carried out overall planning for economic and social development, accelerated the development and reform of social programs in education, health, culture and sports and worked hard to resolve problems affecting the vital interests of the people.Education.Public expenditures on education in China reached 2.43 trillion yuan over the five-year period, a 126% increase compared to the previous five-year period.Funding for rural compulsory education is now fully provided by the government budget.All the 150 million students receiving compulsory education in rural areas are exempt from paying tuition and miscellaneous fees and are supplied with free textbooks, and living allowances are provided to the 7.8 million students from poor families who stay in school dormitories.The plan to make nine-year compulsory education basically universal and to basically eliminate illiteracy among young and middle-aged adults in the western region was implemented on schedule.The state allocated special funds to support the renovation of dilapidated buildings at more than 22,000 rural primary and secondary schools and the building of more than 7,000 schools with student dormitory facilities.Distance education now covers 360,000 rural primary and middle schools, making quality education available to more rural students.Greater efforts were made to develop vocational education, with the student population reaching 20 million at secondary vocational schools and 8.61 million at vocational colleges in 2007.A total of 11.44 million students were enrolled in undergraduate and graduate programs in regular institutions of higher learning.More effort was put into developing key disciplines in institutions of higher learning.A system of government scholarships and financial aid to students in regular undergraduate institutions, vocational colleges and secondary vocational schools was instituted and improved, and its funding from the central government budget was increased from 2.05 billion yuan in 2006 to 9.8 billion yuan in 2007.This enabled over 20% of the students in institutions of higher learning and more than 90% of the students in secondary vocational schools to benefit from financial aid and allowed schools to greatly raise the amount of aid offered.An experiment to provide free education to education students at normal universities directly under the Ministry of Education was launched in 2007.Major progress was made in providing equitable education opportunities for all.The strategy of reinvigorating China through development of human resources was extensively applied.Great efforts were made to train Chinese personnel, bring in needed personnel from other countries and make wise use of skilled personnel of all types, thus strengthening the ranks of high-caliber, highly skilled personnel in China.Health.Total government expenditures on medical and health care in China over the five-year period reached 629.4 billion yuan, a 127% increase compared to the previous five-year period.The funding was mainly used to develop the public health service system, the medical service system and the medical security system, and basically complete the formation of the disease prevention and control system and emergency medical response system with a fairly comprehensive range of functions, covering both urban and rural areas.The number of diseases covered by the state plan for immunization and disease prevention was increased from 7 to 15, and AIDS, tuberculosis, schistosomiasis and other major communicable diseases are now treated free of charge.The state allocated funds to renovate or build 18,800 town and township health clinics, 786 county hospitals, 285 county traditional Chinese medicine hospitals and 534 county health centers for women and children, and equip 11,700 town and township health clinics with medical equipment, significantly improving conditions for providing medical and health care services in the countryside.More than 24,000 community health clinics were set up in China, further improving the new system of medical and health care services in urban areas.Further progress was made in carrying out population and family planning programs, and the birthrate remained stable at a low level.People''s health continued to improve, infant and maternal mortality rates dropped significantly, and average life expectancy reached 73 years in 2005.These are momentous achievements for China, a developing country with a population of 1.3 billion.Employment.The government continued to follow and improve the policy that strongly promotes employment and to adopt fiscal, taxation and financial measures to increase employment.Expenditures for employment programs from the central government budget in the form of subsidies totaled 66.6 billion yuan over the five-year period.Urban and rural systems for providing public employment services were further strengthened.Efforts were intensified to increase employment and reemployment in a well-planned way, and training in vocational skills was comprehensively strengthened.As a result, more than ten million urban people got jobs and eight million rural workers found work in nonagricultural sectors per year on average.The problem of finding other employment opportunities for workers laid off from SOEs was basically solved, and the work of incorporating basic cost of living allowances for laid-off workers into the unemployment insurance system was completed.The employment situation remained basically stable despite a large increase in the total workforce and great pressure on employment.Social safety net.Governments at all levels spent a total of 1.95 trillion yuan on building up the social safety net over the five-year period, a 141% increase compared to the previous five-year period.Continued improvement was made in the basic old-age insurance system for urban workers, with the number of participating workers exceeding 200 million in 2007, an increase of more than 54 million compared to 2002.Trials to fully fund personal accounts for basic old-age insurance were expanded to 11 province-level administrative units.Basic pensions for enterprise retirees were raised three years in a row beginning in 2005.A total of 329.5 billion yuan was allocated for old-age insurance programs from the central government budget in the form of subsidies over the last five years.The number of urban workers participating in basic medical insurance reached 180 million in 2007, nearly twice the number in 2002.The trial of basic medical insurance for urban residents was launched in 88 cities.Continued improvement was made in the new system of rural cooperative medical care, which now covers 86% of all counties and 730 million rural residents in China.Funds to support the national social safety net totaled 414 billion yuan, an increase of 289.8 billion yuan over 2002.Establishment of the urban and rural emergency aid system was basically completed.The system of basic cost of living allowances for urban residents was improved, with gradually rising standards and allowances.A system of basic cost of living allowances was established in all rural areas of China in 2007, covering 34.519 million rural residents.The systems provide a fundamental institution to assist poor people in urban and rural areas to meet basic living expenses.Further progress was made in developing social welfare, providing special assistance to entitled groups and developing charity programs and programs to help people with physical and mental disabilities.Efforts to combat disasters and provide disaster relief were greatly strengthened, with total expenditures from the central government budget reaching 55.1 billion yuan for the five-year period.This helped restore normal working and living conditions for disaster victims.Culture and sports.Government expenditures for culture and sports programs totaled 310.4 billion yuan for the five-year period, a 130% increase over the previous five-year period.The basic elements of a public cultural services system at the county and township levels were put in place, and basically every county now has a library and cultural center.Substantive progress was made in setting up local cultural facilities such as the projects to set up a national shared databank of cultural information and resources and extend radio and television coverage to all villages.Philosophy, the social sciences, the press and publishing, radio, film and television, literature and art thrived.Protection of cultural relics and intangible cultural heritage was strengthened.Cultural exchanges with other countries were intensified.Development of public sports facilities in urban and rural areas was accelerated, mass sports activities developed vigorously, and Chinese athletes did well in international competitions.Personal income and consumer spending.Vigorous efforts were made to increase the incomes of urban and rural residents, especially low-income persons.The minimum wage was increased.The problem of arrears in the wages of rural migrant workers in urban areas was basically resolved.The standards for financial aid to key entitled groups were increased four times, and plans were implemented to resolve the practical problems of demobilized military personnel.The tax on interest earnings from individual savings deposits was lowered and the earnings threshold for the individual income tax was raised.There was a general increase in family assets.Upgrading of consumer spending proceeded at a faster pace, and there was a great increase in the number of family-owned cars and rapid spread in the use of cell phones, computers and Internet services.The number of people going on vacations increased several fold.There was further improvement in housing conditions, encouraging progress was made in improving conditions in shantytowns, and much more public services were made available to urban and rural residents.Public administration.Work in this area was concentrated on protecting the legitimate rights and interests of the people and resolving social tensions.We formulated and implemented policies and measures for protecting the legitimate rights and interests of rural migrant workers in urban areas.We devoted a great deal of effort to resolving infringements on the interests of the public related to land expropriation and requisition, housing demolition, enterprises converting to a stockholding system and environmental protection.Improvement was made in the handling of complaints made by individuals through letters and visits.We paid very close attention to improving workplace safety and the safety oversight system, instituted a responsibility system for workplace safety and improved related legislation.The public security system for crime prevention and control was further strengthened, and overall crime control work was intensified.We combated criminal activities in accordance with the law, effectively protected China''s security and maintained law and order.Taking advantage of the rapid development of the economy and significant improvement of public finance, we worked hard to resolve some longstanding problems.We sold off nonperforming assets of state-owned commercial banks, made alternate arrangements for nonperforming loans and long-term non-paying accounts of rural credit cooperatives, eased the long-term debts of SOEs, gradually eased policy-related losses of state-owned grain enterprises, cleared up overdue tax rebates for exports, and improved the policy for paying compensation for requisition of land for large and medium-sized reservoirs and assisting people displaced by reservoir projects.Resolution of these problems played an important role in promoting economic and social development.We made major progress over the past five years in enhancing democracy and the legal system, building national defense and the military, doing our work related to Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, and conducting diplomacy.We made steady progress in improving socialist democracy and the socialist legal system.Governments at all levels conscientiously accepted the oversight of the people's congress and its standing committee at the corresponding level;voluntarily accepted the democratic oversight by CPPCC committees;carefully listened to the views of the democratic parties, federations of industry and commerce, persons without party affiliation and people's organizations;solicited suggestions of experts, scholars and the general public in a variety of forms;and accepted the oversight of the media and all sectors of society.Governments at all levels made public announcements and held public hearings before making major decisions.We stepped up efforts to develop autonomy in urban community and village administrative bodies and further improved the democratic system at the local level.During the past five years the State Council submitted 39 bills to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress and formulated or revised 137 administrative regulations.We explored ways to set up mechanisms and systems for orderly public participation in government legislation and published 15 draft laws and drafts of administrative regulations to solicit comments from the public.We carried out a thorough review of current administrative rules and regulations.We adhered to the Law on Regional Ethnic Autonomy and carried forward the programs to promote unity and progress among ethnic groups.The policy on freedom of religious belief was comprehensively implemented, and the administration of religious affairs was put on a more solid legal footing and further standardized.We comprehensively implemented the policy on matters related to overseas Chinese nationals and protected the legitimate rights and interests of overseas Chinese nationals, returned overseas Chinese nationals and their relatives.We stepped up all efforts to modernize the military.We vigorously pressed ahead with the revolution in military affairs with Chinese characteristics.We adjusted and reformed the military's structure and staffing and its related policies and systems and smoothly cut its size by 200,000 personnel.We made historic achievements in strengthening national defense and the military.The People's Liberation Army and the People's Armed Police Force made major contributions to safeguarding China's sovereignty, security and territorial integrity and to promoting social harmony and stability.We adhered to the principle of “one country, two systems” and acted in strict accordance with the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and the Basic Law of the Macao Special Administrative Region.We implemented the Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement between the mainland and the regions of Hong Kong and Macao.Both regions remained thriving and stable.We resolutely opposed and foiled secessionist activities aimed at Taiwan independence, thereby protecting China's sovereignty and territorial integrity and safeguarding peace in the Taiwan Straits.We carried out a number of measures to make it easier for people to visit between the two sides and for economic, scientific, educational, cultural and sports exchanges to take place in order to promote the peaceful and steady development of cross-Straits relations.We actively promoted exchange and cooperation with other countries, made major progress in conducting diplomacy on all fronts, and resolutely safeguarded and developed China's interests.China stepped up dialogue with the major countries and increased trust and expanded cooperation with them.China-US relations developed steadily, the China-Russia partnership of strategic coordination reached a new height, China-Europe cooperation in all areas went from strength to strength, and China-Japan relations improved.Good-neighborly relations with surrounding countries were further strengthened, further achievements were made in regional cooperation, and China's solidarity and cooperation with other developing countries entered a new stage.We successfully carried out a series of major multilateral diplomatic activities.We appropriately responded to new challenges in the international arena, actively and responsibly participated in efforts to resolve global issues, and played an important and constructive role in the resolution of issues concerning international and regional hotspots.We paid close attention to self-reform and self-improvement of the government during the five-year period.This government took scientific and democratic policy-making, law-based administration and better administrative oversight as the three basic principles for its work.We formulated the Program for Advancing All Aspects of Government Administration in Accordance with the Law and promoted change in the way the government functions and innovations in management, thereby improving public administration and public services.We diligently carried out the Administrative Permit Law and promoted reform of the system of administrative examination and approval.As a result, departments of the State Council eliminated or streamlined a total of 692 items requiring examination and approval.We promoted greater openness in government affairs, improved the system for releasing information, and increased the application of e-government.Establishment of a national emergency response management system was basically completed.Oversight work such as supervision and auditing was quite effective.Further improvement was made in education and training of civil servants and in developing a legislative framework for civil-service administration.We worked unceasingly to combat corruption and improve the conduct of the government, made good progress in combating bribery in business, uncovered a number of violations of laws and regulations and cases of neglect and dereliction of duty, and punished corrupt persons.We learned many valuable lessons in our experiences over the last five years.The main ones are as follows.First, we must continue to liberate our thinking.Liberating our thinking and following a realistic and pragmatic approach is the Party's ideological line.We must proceed from reality in everything we do, eliminate superstition, break the shackles of outdated ideas, respect the people's pioneering spirit, boldly explore new ways, take concrete action, be creative, and keep up with the times to ensure that the cause of socialist modernization retains its great vitality.Second, we must steadfastly apply the Scientific Outlook on Development.This is a major strategic concept for developing socialism with Chinese characteristics and an important guiding principle for China's economic and social development.We must continue to take development as the top priority, concentrate on changing the way the economy develops, and adjust the economic structure to improve the quality and efficiency of economic growth.We must always put people first, attach great importance to overall planning, and promote comprehensive, balanced and sustainable development.Only by thoroughly applying the Scientific Outlook on Development can we achieve sound and rapid economic and social development and promote social harmony.Third, we must adhere to the reform and opening up policy.Reform and opening up is a major and crucial choice that is shaping the destiny of contemporary China.We need to unswervingly promote reform in economic and political institutions, develop socialist democracy, improve the socialist market economy, liberate and develop the productive forces, promote social fairness and justice, and achieve all-round personal development.Opening up is also a kind of reform, and a nation cannot become strong if it is not open and inclusive.We must continue to pursue reform and opening up throughout the course of socialist modernization and never deviate from this policy.Fourth, we must continue to exercise effective macroeconomic regulation.Both macroeconomic regulation and market forces are components of the socialist market economy.We need to make better use of the basic role of market forces in allocating resources, revitalize enterprises and improve their competitive edge.At the same time, we need to improve macroeconomic regulation, continue to carry out macroeconomic regulation mainly through economic and legal means, and get the complete range of government policies to fully play their role.We must continue to deal with each situation on its own merits, encourage growth in some sectors and discourage it in others as the situation requires, and refrain from taking a uniform approach to different situations or putting on the brakes without good reason.We must continue to draw lessons from our experiences, make policy adjustments as needed and be result-oriented.We must integrate the use of market forces with macroeconomic regulation in order to ensure that the economy remains vigorous, performs well, and develops in a sustainable, healthy and balanced way.Fifth, we must continue to run the government for the people.All the power of the government comes from the people, and running the government for them is a lofty mission of governments at all levels.We must never forget that serving the people wholeheartedly is our purpose, and make sure that the aim and outcome of the work of the government is to fulfill, safeguard and develop the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of people.We need to attach greater importance to ensuring the wellbeing of the people and improving their lives, in particular showing concern for urban and rural residents with low incomes and helping them make ends meet in their daily lives, in order to ensure that all of the people share in the fruits of reform and development.We must always keep in mind that everything belongs to the people, do everything for their benefit, rely on them in everything we do and attribute all our successes to their efforts.Only by doing so can we enjoy the broadest and most reliable support from the people and draw from them the strength for ensuring success in all our endeavors.Sixth, we must continue to run the government in accordance with the law.Abiding by the Constitution and laws is a fundamental principle for all the work of the government.We need to exercise our power and perform our functions and responsibilities within the jurisdiction stipulated by law and in accordance with legal procedures, improve government legislative work, standardize administrative law enforcement, improve administrative oversight, develop law-based government and enhance our ability to carry out administrative functions in accordance with the law.We must ensure that government administration fully complies with the law, that power comes with responsibility, that there is proper oversight on the exercise of power, that reparation is paid for infringement of rights, that any violation of the law is prosecuted, and that power is exercised in a transparent manner.This is the only way to ensure that the power entrusted to us by the people is always exercised in their interests.We are also clearly aware that there are still many problems affecting China's economic and social development and the work of the government, and that changes in the domestic and international environment present many new challenges and risks.– There are still some prominent issues and deep-rooted problems affecting economic performance.China has experienced overheated growth in fixed asset investment, excessive supplies of money and credit, and imbalance in its international payments in recent years.Longstanding structural problems and the extensive pattern of growth remain serious problems.There is a lack of balance between investment and consumption, with the investment rate still running too high.Development of primary, secondary and tertiary industries is not in balance, with too much investment in primary industry, particularly heavy industry, but too little investment in the service industry.China's capacity for independent innovation is still weak and the price paid for economic growth in terms of resource consumption and environmental pressure is too great.Agriculture, the foundation of the economy, remains weak.The difficulty of maintaining steady agricultural development and keeping the incomes of farmers increasing has grown, and the growing development gap between urban and rural areas and between regions has not been checked.In particular, the institutional factors hindering economic development remain serious, making institutional reform a daunting task.– More work needs to be done to resolve problems affecting the vital interests of the people.The current price hikes and increasing inflationary pressures are the biggest concern of the people.Last year's consumer price index(CPI)rose by 4.8% year-on-year, mainly due to large increases in the cost of food and housing.There are a variety of factors behind the price increases.Though the domestic prices of farm products have remained low for many years and some of the recent price increases were therefore overdue and somewhat reasonable, price increases nevertheless have a great impact on people's lives, especially on the lives of the low-income sector of the population.The prices of primary commodities on the international market have risen considerably in recent years, which directly puts upward pressure on domestic prices.Because factors driving prices up are still at work, upward pressure on prices will remain great this year.In addition, prices of the means of production have continued to rise and real estate prices have risen steeply, making the task of holding down inflation difficult.There are still quite a few problems in employment, the social safety net, education, medical and health care, income distribution, housing, product quality and safety, workplace safety and public security, and we need to work harder to resolve them.– Both uncertainties in the international economic environment and potential risks have increased.As economic globalization proceeds, the Chinese economy becomes increasingly tied to the world economy.The current imbalance in the global economy is only getting worse and global economic growth is slowing, making international competition even fiercer.The impact of the US sub-prime mortgage crisis is expanding, the value of the dollar is continuing to fall, and there is greater risk in international financial markets.Grain prices are rising and prices for petroleum and other primary products remain high in the international market.Trade protectionism has gotten worse, and trade frictions have increased.The effect of certain political factors in the international arena on world economic trends cannot be overlooked.All this could adversely affect China's economic development.China is now in a critical period in its reform and development, and we must be fully prepared for changes in the international environment and become better able to defuse risks.– The government's self-improvement efforts and administration need to be strengthened.We are keenly aware that the work and accomplishments of the government still fall somewhat short of what circumstances require and the people expect.The functions of government have not been completely transformed, and public administration and public services are still weak.Some government departments have overlapping responsibilities, their powers and responsibilities are not well matched, some try to shirk their responsibilities, and their performance is poor.Some government employees have an inadequate sense of responsibility toward the public and are not competent enough.Oversight mechanisms and checks on government authority are not strong enough.The problems of formalism and bureaucratic behavior are fairly common, and fraud, extravagance and waste, and corruption are quite serious.We must remain clear-headed at all times, be more mindful of potential danger, be highly responsible to the country and the people, maintain a high sense of mission and urgency, work even more industriously, and successfully carry out all of the government's work.Fellow Deputies，The achievements of the past five years have not come easily.They were built on a foundation laid through many years of reform and opening up, and are attributable to the correct leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Hu Jintao as General Secretary, which has effectively managed the overall situation.Credit also goes to the hard work and concerted effort of the people of all the ethnic groups in China, and to the support and assistance of overseas Chinese nationals and foreign friends.Displaying indomitable determination, courage and will, the Chinese people have overcome untold difficulties and challenges and accomplished major tasks.On behalf of the State Council, I would like to sincerely thank the people of all the ethnic groups, the democratic parties, the people's organizations and people from all sectors of society.I would like to express my sincere thanks to our compatriots in Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions and in Taiwan, as well as overseas Chinese nationals.I would like to thank governments of other countries, international organizations and foreign friends of China around the world for their understanding of and support for China's modernization.II.Major Tasks for 2008

This is the first year for comprehensively implementing the guiding principles set out at the Seventeenth CPC National Congress.We face arduous tasks in reform and development, and it is very important for us to successfully carry out the work of the government.The basic guidelines and major tasks for the government's work are as follows: We must hold high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics;take Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of Three Represents as our guide;fully apply the Scientific Outlook on Development;attach greater importance to improving macroeconomic regulation, promoting reform, opening up and independent innovation, adjusting the economic structure and improving the quality of development, conserving resources and protecting the environment, and improving people's lives and promoting social harmony;promote socialist economic, political, cultural and social development;and accelerate the process of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.We have set the following targets for economic and social development in 2008: On the basis of improving the economic structure, productivity, energy efficiency and environmental protection, the GDP should grow by about 8%, and the rise in the CPI should be held at around 4.8%.Ten million jobs should be created in urban areas, and the rate of registered urban unemployment should be kept at around 4.5%.Some improvement should be made in the balance of payments.It is important to note here that in setting the GDP growth target at around 8% for 2008, we have taken into account a variety of domestic and international factors.Our goal is to maintain both steady and fast economic growth, and guide all sectors of society to concentrate on changing the pattern of development, deepening reform and accelerating social development.The different regions should not just seek faster growth or compete with each other to have the highest growth rate.We should promote both sound and fast economic and social development.The major considerations in setting the target for keeping the CPI this year at around 4.8% are as follows: Last year's price increases are still exerting a fairly strong influence and quite a few factors are creating inflationary pressure, making it difficult to bring price increases under control.At the same time, we have to take into consideration the ability of individuals, enterprises and all sectors of society to tolerate price increases and try our best to avoid sharp price increases.To attain the targets and accomplish the tasks for this year's economic and social development, we must adhere to the following principles: We must make progress while maintaining stability and aim for fast yet steady economic development.We must give priority to the quality rather than speed of development and accelerate improvement in the pattern of economic development.We must pursue reform and opening up and attach great importance to promoting institutional improvements and innovations.We must put people first and accelerate social development, with the focus on improving people's lives.The primary task for macroeconomic regulation this year is to prevent fast economic growth from becoming overheated growth and keep structural price increases from turning into significant inflation.There are quite a few uncertainties in the current economic situation at home and abroad, so we need to keep close track of new developments and problems, properly size up situations and take prompt and flexible measures to respond to them while keeping our feet firmly rooted in reality.We need to maintain the appropriate pace, focus and intensity of macroeconomic regulation to sustain steady and fast economic development and avoid drastic fluctuations in the economy.We need to concentrate on the following nine tasks this year:

1.Improving macroeconomic regulation to maintain fast yet steady economic development.In view of the current domestic and international economic situation we need to follow a prudent fiscal policy and a tight monetary policy this year to accomplish the tasks for macroeconomic regulation.Continuing to follow a prudent fiscal policy means that we must ensure the continuity and consistency of fiscal policy, get public finance to fully play its important role in promoting structural adjustment and balanced development, and increase expenditures to shore up weak links, improve people's lives and deepen reform.In addition, we need to further reduce the budget deficit and the volume of long-term development treasury bonds.The deficit for the central government budget this year is set at 180 billion yuan, 65 billion yuan less than last year.We plan to issue 30 billion yuan of treasury bonds for investment, 20 billion yuan less than last year, and increase allocations from the central government budget for general development, bringing total central government investment in development projects up to 152.1 billion yuan.We will continue to adjust the structure of government spending and investment by greatly increasing spending on agriculture, rural areas and farmers, the social safety net, medical and health care, education, culture, energy conservation and emissions reduction, and construction of low-rent housing.We will work hard to increase revenue and reduce expenditures, tighten tax collection and management in accordance with the law, improve management of non-tax revenue, and control regular expenditures.We need to reform the management of government investment to improve the performance of investments.Government revenue surplus must be used wisely.Total government revenue exceeded the targeted figure by more than 723.9 billion yuan last year, including 416.8 billion yuan in the central government budget.Surplus revenue should be concentrated on solving problems that have a direct bearing on people's lives, making institutional and structural improvements and strengthening weak links.Spending on the following items will be increased in accordance with the law: rebates on the consumption tax and value-added tax and general transfer payments to local governments;agriculture, forestry, water conservancy projects, education, culture, science, the social safety net, medical and health care, legal aid, construction of low-rent housing, energy conservation, emissions reduction and environmental protection;and resolution of debts for rural compulsory education, debts of state-owned grain enterprises and other long-overdue payments.In addition, the budget deficit should be reduced by 45 billion yuan and the central budget stability and regulation fund should be increased by 103.2 billion yuan.The decision to follow a tight monetary policy was based on the following considerations: the strong possibility of a resurgence in fixed asset investment, continued excessive supplies of money and credit, the still-unsolved problem of excess liquidity, and considerable inflationary pressure.For these reasons, we must improve financial regulation to control the excessively rapid growth in the supplies of money and credit.First, we will step up efforts to curb excess liquidity by using a combination of open market operations and the required deposit reserve ratio.We will make appropriate use of the lever of interest rates.We will improve the RMB exchange rate regime to make the exchange rate more flexible.Second, with the focus on improving the credit structure, we will strictly follow requirements for granting loans and guarantee some loans while restricting others.We will limit the increase in long-and medium-term loans, particularly to enterprises that are energy intensive or highly polluting and enterprises in industries with excess production capacity.We will make innovations and improvements in bank credit services, improve the systems of guarantees and interest discounts, and increase credit support for agriculture, rural areas, farmers, service industries, small and medium-sized enterprises, independent innovation, energy conservation, environmental protection, and balancing regional development.Third, we will deepen reform of the foreign exchange administration system.We will improve the system for foreign exchange settlements and sales and payments in foreign exchange, tighten oversight on the flow of capital across borders, and move steadily toward making the RMB convertible for capital accounts.We will develop new channels and means for using foreign exchange reserves.Comprehensive measures will be adopted to improve the balance of payments.One major task for macroeconomic regulation this year is to prevent the overall price level from rising rapidly.To fulfill this task, we must take powerful measures to increase effective supply while curbing excessive demand.First, we must expand production, especially the production of the basic necessities of life such as grain, vegetable oil and meat as well as other commodities in short supply.We must also earnestly implement policies and measures designed to support production and ensure coordination in the production, transport and sale of products.Second, we must strictly control industrial use of grain and grain exports.The reckless expansion of the capacity for intensive corn processing and construction work on such projects that violate regulations must be stopped.Third, we need to speed up improvement of the reserve system, improve methods for adjusting reserves and import and export volumes, and appropriately increase imports of major consumer goods that are in short supply on the domestic market.Fourth, we need to ensure that the timing and the size of government adjustments to prices are appropriate, and necessary adjustment of prices of resource products and public services should also be strictly controlled to prevent waves of price increases.Fifth, we need to improve the early-warning system to monitor supply and demand and price changes of principal agricultural products and primary products, and put in place a plan for responding to drastic changes in market supply and demand and prices.Sixth, we must strengthen market and price oversight and pay close attention to the oversight and inspection of prices and charges related to education, medical care, drugs, agricultural supplies, agriculture, rural areas and farmers.Illegal activities such as colluding or hoarding to drive up prices will be punished in accordance with the law.Seventh, we need to promptly improve and implement measures to aid the low-income sector of the population.In particular, we need to increase subsidies to poor people and students from poor families to ensure that their basic living standards do not drop because of price increases.Eighth, we must work to make sure that the prices of the means of production, particularly agricultural supplies, do not rise rapidly.Ninth, we will continue to implement the system of provincial governors assuming responsibility for the “rice bag”(grain supply)program and city mayors for the “vegetable basket”(nonstaple food supply)program.Governments at all levels must give high priority to keeping prices stable because price stability has a direct bearing on the quality of people's lives.The country currently has an adequate stock of grain, and the supply of major manufactured consumer goods exceeds demand.We can ensure adequate supply in the market and basic price stability as long as governments at all levels work to improve their leadership, diligently implement all policies and measures, and mount a concerted effort from the highest to the lowest level.The recent disaster resulting from snow and ice storms caused significant losses to China's economy and made life very difficult for disaster victims.We will continue the work of repairing the damage and minimizing losses from the disaster.Affected infrastructure will be promptly repaired, with the focus on restoring power grids.Agricultural production will be resumed as soon as possible.We will closely coordinate supplies of coal, electricity, petroleum and transportation to help disaster victims get back on their feet.In addition, we will learn from this large-scale natural disaster.We must accelerate development of infrastructure, including electricity, transportation and communications, to improve its capacity to resist disasters and maintain normal operations.We must improve the systems and mechanisms for responding to disasters to increase our ability to prevent and handle emergencies.We must step up research to better understand the features and patterns of natural disasters under modern conditions and improve our ability to prevent and mitigate them.2.Strengthening agriculture as the foundation of the economy, promoting development of agriculture and increasing farmer incomes.We will do everything possible to ensure a good harvest this year and work to increase farmer incomes and build a new socialist countryside.We will concentrate on the following three areas:

First, we will vigorously develop grain production and ensure the supply of agricultural products.Grain security has an overall bearing on economic and social development and affects the vital interests of the people, so we must always pay close attention to grain production.We must effectively keep the area sown to grain crops stable and increase the yield per unit area.We will increase support for major grain-producing areas and grain farmers, carry out the grain strategy project and speed up efforts to establish core grain-producing areas to enhance the overall grain production capacity and become more able to ensure adequate supplies.While working to increase agricultural output, we also need to improve the structure of grain varieties grown and promote a constant increase in the production of important agricultural products.We will conscientiously implement policies and measures to boost pig production, dairy farming and oilseed production.We will energetically develop animal husbandry and aquaculture and support and promote their large-scale development as well as healthy farming practices.We will promote standardization of agricultural production to improve the quality and safety of agricultural products.Second, we will intensify development of the agricultural infrastructure.We will speed up efforts to reinforce large and medium-sized reservoirs and dilapidated key small reservoirs.We will improve irrigated areas, build small water conservancy facilities and work hard to develop water-efficient irrigation.We will increase efforts to develop, improve and reclaim land, upgrade low-and medium-yield farmland, improve the productivity of farmland and develop farm plots that meet high standards.We will step up rural infrastructure development in drinking water supplies, roads, power grids, telecommunications and cultural facilities, vigorously develop rural public transportation systems and improve the rural living environment.We will provide safe drinking water for another 32 million rural residents and support the building of a number of large and medium-sized methane facilities to serve an additional five million rural families.Third, we will develop more channels to increase rural incomes.We will accelerate the development of high-yield, high-quality, high-efficiency, eco-friendly and safe agriculture and support the development of industrialized agricultural operations and pacesetting enterprises.We will increase efforts to build a modern marketing and retail distribution network for rural areas, strengthen and upgrade rural secondary and tertiary industries, develop township and village enterprises and strengthen county economies.We will step up vocational education and technical training in rural areas to make it easier for rural residents to find nonagricultural employment, and develop the labor economy.We will intensify poverty alleviation efforts through development and continue to reduce the number of poor people.The major measures we are going to take are as follows:

First, we will greatly increase funding.This year's increases in budgetary support for agriculture, rural areas and farmers, state fixed asset investment in the countryside and the proportion of government land transfer income used for rural development will all be considerably higher than last year's increases.We will adjust the way tax revenues from the use of farmland for nonagricultural purposes are used and reform methods for using urban construction and maintenance tax receipts to increase funding for rural development.Allocations from this year's central government budget related to agriculture, rural areas and farmers total 562.5 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 130.7 billion yuan.Second, we will strengthen agricultural support policies.We will increase direct subsidies for grain producers and general direct subsidies for purchasing agricultural supplies.We will expand both the size and scope of subsidies for using superior seed varieties.We will subsidize the purchase of more kinds of agricultural machinery and tools and raise such subsidies.Starting this year, eligibility for these subsidies will be expanded to all agricultural counties.We will raise the minimum grain purchase prices based on actual conditions.Third, we will adhere to the strictest possible system for protecting farmland, and in particular we will increase protection of basic farmland.We will carefully examine and adjust the amounts and standards for land use in all types of plans in accordance with the master plan for land use, strictly follow the system for controlling land use, rigorously manage rural land used for collective and private construction projects in accordance with the law, and resolutely put a stop to illegal appropriation of arable land and forested areas.Fourth, we will improve the system for spreading agricultural science and technology and providing agricultural technical services.We will work harder to make innovations in agricultural science and technology and apply advances in agricultural science and technology, and improve the diverse array of mainly nonprofit agricultural technical services.We will accelerate agricultural mechanization.We will improve the systems for superior seed varieties, information, and the quality and safety of agricultural products, and for preventing and mitigating disasters, and do a good job preventing and controlling animal epidemics, plant diseases and insect pests.We will expand trial soil testing to determine appropriate fertilizer formulas.Fifth, we will carry out rural reform in all areas.We will accelerate overall rural reform.We will adopt effective measures to actively yet prudently reduce the debts of townships and villages.The central and local governments will increase budgetary funding to basically clear up overdue debts for rural compulsory education in about three years.We will adhere to the basic system for rural operations and stabilize and improve land contract relationships.We will improve the market for the compensated, voluntary transfer of land contract and management rights in accordance with the law and allow diverse forms of farming operations to develop to an appropriate scale where conditions permit.We will work hard to develop specialized farmer cooperatives.We will carry out comprehensive reform of the system of collective forest rights.3.Promoting economic adjustment and changing the pattern of development.We will continue to boost domestic demand, adjust the balance of investment and consumption, and promote the shift from the pattern of economic growth that relies mainly on investment and exports to one that relies on a balanced combination of consumption, investment and exports.It is essential to appropriately control the scale of fixed asset investment and improve the investment structure.We will maintain strict control over the availability of land, credit and market access, and pay particular attention to strengthening and standardizing supervision of new projects to ensure they meet all the conditions for launching.Haphazard investment and unneeded development projects in energy intensive and highly polluting industries and industries with excess production capacity will be resolutely stopped, and market access will be tightened and capital requirements will be increased for industries whose development is discouraged.Work on illegal projects will be resolutely stopped.We will increase support for weak links and key areas in economic and social development and give more support to the central and western regions.We must tighten control over the amount of land used for development projects, especially for industrial purposes, and hold the total amount of land used this year to last year's level.We must respond to new conditions and situations by improving guidance, regulation and oversight for all types of investment activities in the country.We will continue to promote independent innovation as the central link in efforts to change the pattern of development.We need to diligently implement the Outline of the National Program for Long-and Medium-Term Scientific and Technological Development and fully launch and implement key national projects, including those to develop large aircraft, control pollution in bodies of water, and develop large-scale oil and gas fields and coal seam gas operations.We will carry out plans for basic research, high-tech research, and research to provide scientific and technological support for development.We will work to make major breakthroughs in key technologies for producing vehicles powered by new energy sources, developing high-speed railway transport and saving water in industries.We will promote development of the national innovation system, focusing on building a number of national laboratories, national engineering centers, platforms to support enterprise innovation and enterprise technology centers to strengthen China's science and technology infrastructure.We will deepen reform of the management system for science and technology and coordinate and improve resource distribution.The central government will spend 113.4 billion yuan on science and technology in 2008, a year-on-year increase of 13.4 billion yuan.We will improve and implement the policy to support independent innovation, get enterprises to fully play their role as the main parties responsible for technological innovation, and encourage and guide them to increase investment in R&D.We will integrate the efforts of enterprises, universities and research institutes and develop innovative enterprises.Government procurement of products produced through independent innovation will be increased.Trials in the use of venture capital will be expanded.We will implement the intellectual property rights strategy.We will expand scientific and technological cooperation with other countries.We will promote improvement and upgrading of the industrial structure.We will keep to the new path of industrialization with Chinese characteristics and promote integration of IT application with industrialization.We will work to develop new-and high-technology industries, reinvigorate the equipment manufacturing industry, upgrade traditional industries and accelerate the development of service industries, particularly modern services.We will continue the major projects to apply high technologies in the production of new-type displays, broadband communications and network equipment, and biomedicine.We will get national new and high technology development zones to fully play their role in pooling resources, guiding development and boosting development in surrounding areas.We will promote domestic R&D and production of important equipment and key spare parts and components, with the focus on key areas such as large clean and highly efficient power generating units, high-grade digital machine tools and basic manufacturing equipment.We will give higher priority to geological work to improve prospecting for and exploitation of natural resources.We will strongly develop the modern energy and raw materials industries and better integrate the transportation system.We will promote balanced development among regions.We will extensively promote the large-scale development of the western region, and launch a number of key projects and support the development of key areas on a priority basis.We will continue to protect natural forests, prevent and control desertification, and reverse and prevent the development of stony deserts, and will implement a follow-up policy to consolidate progress made in converting retired farmland to forests.We will implement the plan to reinvigorate northeast China, and support the development of advanced equipment manufacturing and modern agriculture and the economic transformation of areas depending on resources that are now exhausted.We will formulate and implement a plan to boost development of the central region and implement and improve relevant policies.We will encourage the eastern region to lead the country in development and improve its international competitiveness.We will give more support to old revolutionary areas, ethnic minority areas, border areas and poor areas to help them develop.We will adopt and implement a plan and policy for development priority zones.4.Increasing efforts to conserve energy, reduce emissions and protect the environment, and ensuring product quality and safety.This year is crucial for meeting the obligatory targets for energy conservation and emissions reduction set forth in the Eleventh Five-Year Plan, and we must increase our sense of urgency and intensify efforts to make greater progress.First, we will implement the plan to close down backward production facilities in the electricity, steel, cement, coal and papermaking industries.We will also put in place a mechanism for closing down these facilities and improve and implement support policies and measures for shutting down enterprises.In addition, we will step up efforts to develop advanced production facilities in these industries in accordance with the plan.Second, we will focus on energy conservation in key enterprises and construction of key projects.We need to accelerate work on the ten major energy conservation projects.We will increase the urban sewage treatment capacity and strive to reach the goal of 100% collection and treatment of sewage in 36 large cities within two years.Charges for discharging wastewater and for sewage treatment and garbage disposal will be appropriately raised.Building standards will be upgraded and strictly enforced to encourage the development of better wall materials and construction of energy-efficient buildings.We will make steady progress in reforming the urban heating system and public utilities.Third, we will develop and apply advanced and appropriate technologies to save, replace and reuse resources and control pollution, and carry out projects to develop and demonstrate major energy conservation and emissions reduction technologies.We will energetically develop the energy conservation service industry and the environmental protection industry.We will develop clean and renewable energy sources such as wind power and solar energy.Fourth, we will prevent and control pollution in key river valleys and regions, including the Huai, Hai, Liao and Songhua rivers, Tai, Chao and Dianchi lakes, the sources and routes of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, and the Three Gorges Reservoir area.We will implement the master plan for protecting the environment of the Bohai Sea.National standards will have stricter limits for discharge of pollutants in key river valleys.Fifth, we will intensify protection of rural drinking water sources, and work to control sewage and garbage pollution and industrial pollution in rural areas.We will also strengthen control of pollution from livestock and poultry farming and aquaculture as well as agricultural nonpoint source pollution.Sixth, we will encourage and support the development of a circular economy and promote recycling and reuse of renewable resources.We will also promote cleaner production in all industries.Seventh, we will strengthen efforts to protect, conserve and intensively use natural resources, including land, water, grasslands, forests and minerals, and take stern measures to combat illegal mining of mineral resources.We will effectively protect marine resources, use them wisely, and develop the marine economy.We will intensify China's basic research efforts in meteorology, earthquake science, and surveying and mapping to strengthen these areas.Eighth, we will implement the national plan to respond to climate change to strengthen China's ability to respond to climate change.Ninth, we will improve the mechanism for rewarding those who conserve energy and resources and protect the environment and punishing those who waste energy and resources and harm the environment.We will also employ statistical and monitoring systems for conserving energy and reducing emissions, and improve the auditing and supervision systems, increase law enforcement efforts, and tighten the accountability system for energy conservation and emissions reduction.Tenth, we will enhance public awareness of the importance of a culture of conservation and encourage the entire nation to participate in building a resource-conserving and environmentally friendly society.Resource conservation and environmental protection must continue from generation to generation to make our mountains greener, waters cleaner and skies bluer.We will intensify efforts to ensure product quality and safety.First, we will accelerate efforts to formulate or update national standards for product quality and safety.This year, we will complete the formulation or updating of more than 7,700 national standards for the safety of food products, drugs and other consumer goods to put in place a sound system of standards for product safety.All requirements and testing methods for the safety and quality of food and other consumer goods will comply with international standards.China's exports will meet both international standards and the laws and regulations on technical standards of the importing countries.Second, we will improve legal guarantees for product quality and safety.We need to promptly enact or revise laws and regulations pertaining to product quality and safety, and improve the mechanism for effectively coordinating administrative law enforcement and criminal justice to increase punishment for enterprises that violate such laws and regulations.Third, we will improve the oversight and control systems for product quality and safety.We will follow to the letter the regulations for issuing production permits and mandatory certificates and for registration and record keeping to strictly control market access.We will raise the requirements for production permits and tighten market access for products related to people's health and safety.We need to strengthen quality and safety oversight for essential products such as food and drugs, and strictly control the quality of exports and imports.We will diligently follow the accountability system for product quality and safety.It is imperative that the people feel confident about the safety of food and other consumer goods and that our exports have a good reputation.5.Deepening economic reform and opening wider to the outside world.It has been 30 years since China introduced the reform and opening up policy, which has brought about great historic changes to the country.However, China is still in the primary stage of socialism and will remain so for a long time to come.To further promote unfettered development of the productive forces, promote greater social fairness and justice, and attain the magnificent goals of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and modernizing China, we must continue to unswervingly implement the reform and opening up policy.We will concentrate on the following areas this year.We will advance the reform of SOEs and improve their ownership structure.We will continue to adjust state-owned assets and reorganize SOEs.We need to deepen the reform to convert SOEs into stockholding corporations.We will improve corporate governance, carry out policy-mandated closures and bankruptcies, separate SOEs' secondary businesses from their core businesses, and convert the former into independent companies.We will expand the experiment of setting up a budget system for managing state capital.We will deepen the reform of monopoly industries by introducing competition and strengthening government regulation and public oversight of them.We need to strictly standardize procedures for transforming SOEs into stock companies and for transferring ownership of state-owned assets to prevent their erosion.We will protect the legitimate rights and interests of workers.We will advance the reform of collectively owned enterprises and develop diverse forms of collective and cooperative economic operations.We will conscientiously implement the policies for encouraging, supporting and guiding the development of individual-proprietorship businesses and private companies in the nonpublic sector of the economy.In particular, we will help them solve problems related to market access and financial support.We will deepen reform of the fiscal and taxation systems and accelerate improvement in the public finance system.We will reform the budget system and tighten budgetary management and oversight.We need to improve and standardize the system of transfer payments, raise the volume and proportion of general transfer payments and increase spending on public services.We will energetically push ahead with the reform of fiscal systems at and below the provincial level.The new Law on Corporate Income Tax will be comprehensively enforced.We will reform the system of resource taxes and fees, and improve the compensation systems for use of resources and for damage caused to the ecosystem.We will carry forward the trial VAT reform and formulate a plan to carry out the reform nationwide.We will speed up reform of the financial system and strengthen financial oversight.We will continue deepening reform of the banking industry, focusing on the introduction of a shareholding system in the Agriculture Bank of China and the reform of the China Development Bank.A deposit insurance system will be set up.We will accelerate rural financial reform and strengthen the role of the Agriculture Bank of China, the Agricultural Development Bank of China and the China Postal Savings Bank in serving agriculture, rural areas and farmers.We will continue to deepen the reform of rural credit cooperatives and actively promote the development of new types of financial institutions in rural areas.We will improve the structure of the capital market, promote steady and sound development of the stock markets, strive to improve the performance of listed companies, and maintain an open, fair and equitable market environment.We will establish a market for growth enterprises, accelerate development of the bond market and steadily develop the futures market.We will deepen reform of the insurance industry, vigorously extend the scope of agricultural insurance, and successfully carry out trials of policy-supported agricultural insurance.We will take stern measures to combat violations of financial laws and regulations and guard against and defuse financial risks to maintain financial stability and security.We will expand the breadth and depth of China's openness and make its economy more open.We will accelerate change in the pattern of foreign trade growth, improve the mix of exports, encourage the export of products with Chinese intellectual property rights and trademarks, and raise the quality, grade and added value of exports while maintaining steady export growth.We need to increase export of services and encourage foreign businesses to outsource services to China.We will energetically increase imports, with the focus on advanced technology and equipment, important raw materials, and key spare parts and components.We will improve the mix of industries using foreign investment and their geographic distribution, and steadily make service industries more open.We will limit or ban foreign investment in projects that are energy intensive or highly polluting, limit or ban foreign investment in some areas of resource exploitation, and correct illegal practices for attracting foreign investment.We will make innovations in the way we make investments and engage in cooperation overseas, and improve and implement policies and measures to support Chinese enterprises wishing to “go global.” We will strengthen bilateral, multilateral and regional economic cooperation.We will continue to promote talks on free trade zones and honor the treaties we have signed.We are committed to an equitable international trade order.In carrying out reform and opening up, we will accelerate the development of a modern market system, energetically develop modern logistics, intensify efforts to ensure orderly markets and promote the development of a credit system for individuals.6.Paying closer attention to social development to ensure the wellbeing of the people and improve their lives.We will continue to give priority to developing education.First, we will make free compulsory education universally available in both urban and rural areas.We will continue increasing regular expenditures for rural compulsory education and raise the level of budgetary allocations.We will appropriately increase living allowances for poor rural students residing on campus.We will take steps to ensure that children from poor families and children of rural migrant workers in cities enjoy the same access to compulsory education as others.After running trials in selected areas, we will completely stop collecting tuition and miscellaneous fees from all urban students receiving compulsory education starting this fall.This is another major measure for promoting balanced development of compulsory education and equal access to education.Second, we must vigorously develop vocational education.We will strengthen the basic conditions for vocational education and deepen reform of the systems for administering, running and investing in vocational education programs in order to turn out high-quality skilled personnel.Third, we must raise the quality of higher education.We will improve the structure of academic disciplines and develop high-quality universities and key disciplines.Regular institutions of higher learning will continue to favor students in the central and western regions in expanding their enrollments.To successfully provide education of various kinds and at different levels, we must focus on the following three tasks.One, we must ensure that all students receive a well-rounded education, and promote educational reforms and innovations.We will deepen the reform of curricula, methods of instruction, the systems of examination and enrollment, and the system for evaluating educational quality, and lighten the study load of primary and secondary school students.Two, we must improve the quality of teachers, especially in rural areas, and improve and implement the system of wages, allowances and subsidies for teachers.Three, we must increase investment in education.This year, central government allocation for education will increase from last year's total of 107.6 billion yuan to 156.2 billion yuan, and local governments will also increase their spending.We will further standardize the collection of education-related fees.We will standardize nonpublic education programs and encourage their development.China cannot modernize if education is not made universally available and if its quality is not improved.We must ensure that our children receive a good education, provide education that satisfies the needs of the people and improve the overall quality of the population.We will promote the reform and development of health care.Efforts will be focused on four areas:

First, we will accelerate the establishment of a system to ensure access to medical care for both urban and rural residents.We will expand the number of urban workers covered by basic medical insurance, and extend the trial of basic medical insurance for urban residents to over 50% of China's cities.We will fully implement the new type of rural cooperative medical care system in all rural areas.Within two years, we will raise the standard for financing from 50 yuan to 100 yuan per person per year, with central and local government contributions to be raised from 40 yuan to 80 yuan per person.We will improve the urban and rural assistance program for medical care.Second, we will improve the public health service system.We will prevent and treat major diseases, implement policies and measures to increase the number of diseases covered in the state plan for immunization against communicable diseases, and provide free treatment for more people suffering from diseases such as AIDS, tuberculosis and schistosomiasis.We need to work harder to prevent and treat endemic, occupational and mental diseases.We must do a good job in work related to the health of women and children.We will implement a policy of granting allowances to rural women in the central and western regions giving birth in hospitals.We will improve the mechanism for ensuring adequate funding for public health services.Third, we will continue development of the medical service systems for urban and rural areas.We will focus on improving the county, township, village three-tier rural health service network and the urban community-based medical and health service system.We will train more general practitioners, nurses and rural doctors and encourage high-caliber health workers to work in village and community clinics.Trial reform of public hospitals will be carried out.Measures will be formulated and implemented to support the development of traditional Chinese medicine and the folk medicines of ethnic minorities.Fourth, we will set up a national system for basic drugs and a system for ensuring drug supply to ensure the quality and adequate supply of basic drugs and hold down prices.This year the central government will allocate 83.2 billion yuan to support the reform and development of health care, an increase of 16.7 billion yuan over last year, with the focus of spending on facilities at the urban community and village level.Last year the State Council commissioned a study of the issue of how to deepen reform of the system of pharmaceuticals and health care.A preliminary plan has been produced and will soon be publicized to solicit opinions from the general public.The basic goal of the reform is to maintain the public service nature of public medical and health care services and set up a basic medical and health care system to provide people with basic medical and health care services that are safe, effective, convenient and affordable.We must resolutely carry out this reform to provide everyone with access to basic medical and health services and improve their health.We will improve work related to population and family planning.We will adhere to the current policy of family planning, keep the birthrate low, improve the health of newborns and adopt a full range of measures to address the gender imbalance in babies.We will fully implement the special assistance system for families that comply with family planning regulations, extend the coverage of the reward system for rural families that comply with the regulations, implement the “lower birthrate equals faster prosperity” project in more areas, and raise the level of rewards and assistance.We will improve services for the floating population and tighten supervision of them to ensure that they comply with the family planning policy.We will attach great importance to programs for the elderly, effectively protect the rights and interests of women and minors, and show concern for people with physical and mental disabilities and support programs benefiting them.We will strive to expand employment.We will strictly enforce the Employment Promotion Law and the Labor Contract Law.We will continue to follow a vigorous employment policy, adhere to the principle of expanding employment by encouraging business startups, strengthen job training and training in how to start a business, encourage people to find jobs on their own or start their own businesses, and support the establishment of small enterprises.We will speed up development of a human resources market with uniform standards for both urban and rural areas, improve the public employment service system, and promote the creation of an employment system that treats urban and rural workers equally.We will strengthen job placement guidance and services for college graduates.We will deepen reform of the job-placement system for people leaving military service.We will improve the aid system for job seekers, carry out policies to find more jobs for people with physical and mental disabilities, and create a permanent mechanism to help zero-employment families find jobs.We will urge all types of enterprises to sign labor contracts with their employees in accordance with the law and abide by them.We will improve the handling of labor disputes and oversight for worker protection measures and severely punish illegal employment practices.Providing adequate employment opportunities in China, which has the largest population in the world, is a daunting challenge.We must redouble our efforts to increase employment, a matter that is crucial to people's wellbeing.We will increase urban and rural incomes.The key is to adjust the distribution of the national income, deepen reform of the income distribution system, gradually raise the proportion of the national income received by individuals and raise labor's of the primary distribution of income.First, we will increase rural incomes through a variety of channels, ensure that rural migrant workers in cities get paid in full and on time, and appropriately increase allowances for the poor population.Second, we will raise the wage scale for enterprise employees and create a mechanism to ensure they get regular wage increases and ensure that they are paid regularly.We will urge enterprises to establish a system for collective bargaining for wages, improve the system of wage guidelines, and improve and comply with the minimum wage system.We will reform the method of supervising SOE payroll and strengthen oversight of wages paid by enterprises in monopoly industries.Third, we will raise the level of basic old-age benefits for retirees from enterprises every year for three years beginning January 1 this year.Fourth, we will deepen reform of the salary system for civil servants and continue efforts to standardize their subsidies and allowances.We will accelerate reform of the income distribution system in government-affiliated institutions.Fifth, we will institute a system of annual paid vacations for employees.In addition, we will further improve consumption policies, broaden the range of services available in the market, stabilize consumer expectations and increase immediate consumption.Only by appropriately spreading the fruits of economic development among the people can we win their support and maintain social harmony and stability.We will improve the social safety net.We will follow a policy of expanding the number of people covered, guaranteeing people's basic needs and pursuing multi-level and sustainable development of the system.First, we will expand the number of people covered by the social security system and improve collection of contributions to insurance funds.The focus of efforts will be on extending coverage to more rural migrant workers in cities, employees in the nonpublic sector of the economy and urban residents without fixed employment.Efforts will be made to provide basic medical insurance for retirees from closed or bankrupt enterprises and employees of enterprises with financial difficulties.Second, we will push ahead with the reform of the social security system.We will improve the system of basic old-age insurance for enterprise employees, combining contributions from various sources in society with personal employee retirement accounts, and expand the trial of fully funding personal accounts for old-age insurance.In addition, we will accelerate the implementation of overall planning for old-age pensions at the provincial level and work out nationwide rules for transferring social security accounts from one region to another.We will standardize and expand enterprise retirement systems that pay annuities.We will explore ways to reform basic old-age insurance in government-affiliated institutions.We will soon work out an old-age insurance system suitable for rural migrant workers in cities, and encourage local governments to carry out experiments with a rural old-age insurance system.We will accelerate improvement in unemployment insurance, workers' compensation and maternity insurance.Third, we will finance social security funds in various ways, strengthen their oversight, ensure their security and maintain and increase their value.Fourth, we will improve the social assistance system.We will focus on improving the systems of basic cost of living allowances for both urban and rural residents and setting up a mechanism for adjusting the level of assistance in line with economic growth and price changes.We will improve the temporary assistance system, vigorously develop social welfare programs and encourage and support the development of charity programs.We will do a good job providing assistance to entitled groups and helping demobilized military personnel return to civilian life.We will improve the work of disaster prevention, reduction and relief.A total of 276.2 billion yuan will be appropriated this year in the central government budget to accelerate development of the social security system, 45.8 billion yuan more than last year.Establishing a sound social safety net for both urban and rural residents to ward off uncertainties for them has a direct impact on economic and social development and is a major task in the effort to build a moderately prosperous society in all respects.We will promptly establish a system for ensuring housing for people.The general guiding principles for this work are as follows.1)Taking into consideration the fact that China has a large population and relatively little land available for building housing, we need to foster a scientific and rational model for housing development and home ownership.We will vigorously work to build environmentally friendly buildings that conserve energy and land, increase the supply of small and medium-sized condominiums, and guide people to obtain housing they can afford.2)We must ensure that the government and the market both play their due roles.The government's role is mainly to formulate plans and policies for housing and ensure that there is an appropriate supply of land, ensure that land is used intensively and oversee land use.Priority will be given to development of housing for low-and middle-income families.Demand for housing among high-income families will be met largely through the market.3)We need to strengthen regulation and oversight of the real estate market, standardize and maintain order in the market and promote sustained, steady and healthy development of the real estate industry.The following four measures will be adopted this year:

First, we will improve the system of low-rent housing, accelerate construction of low-rent housing, expand the supply of housing, and step up construction and tighten management of affordable housing to ease the housing difficulties of low-income urban residents.A total of 6.8 billion yuan will be allocated from the central government budget for the low-rent housing program this year, 1.7 billion yuan more than last year, and local governments will also increase funding in this area.In addition, we will work energetically to improve the living conditions of rural migrant workers in cities.Second, we will increase the supply of low-and medium-price, small and medium-sized condominiums, establish a mechanism for making investments and raising funds in various ways, and help middle-income families meet their housing needs through a variety of channels.We will improve the supply structure of urban land to provide more land for building small and medium-sized condominiums.Third, we will use a combination of tax, credit and land supply measures and improve the housing accumulation fund system to increase supply of reasonably priced housing, curb demand for high-end housing and prevent overheating in housing prices.Fourth, we will strengthen market oversight and strictly enforce the requirements for market access and the conditions for going out of business for real estate firms.We will investigate attempts to control the land and housing market through hoarding and speculation in land and housing and deal with violations in accordance with the law.In addition, we will improve planning and management of rural housing development and the safety of housing for the rural poor.We must unswervingly promote reform of the housing system and construction of housing for the benefit of the people.7.Deepening the reform of the cultural management system and promoting the vigorous development and enrichment of culture.We will further implement and improve the policies and measures to reform the cultural management system, promote cultural innovation, strengthen cultural improvement work, safeguard the basic cultural rights and interests of the people, and promote a flourishing cultural market to meet the people's ever-increasing and varied cultural needs.We will continue to educate the people in the latest advances in adapting Marxism to Chinese conditions, foster a common ideal of socialism with Chinese characteristics among the people, strongly promote a national spirit centered on patriotism and a spirit of the times centered on reform and innovation, and extensively promote education in the socialist concept of honor and disgrace.We will develop a culture of harmony, carry out the program for improving civic morality and foster civilized social conduct.Particular attention will be paid to cultivating ideals and ethics among young people.Extensive campaigns will be launched to encourage civilized behavior.We will maintain the orientation of serving the people and socialism and fully adhere to the principle of letting a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend.We will develop philosophy and the social sciences.We will promote the vigorous development of the press and publishing, radio, film and television, literature and the arts.We will encourage the production of excellent cultural works.We will increase government funding to accelerate development of a system of public cultural services for the whole society and to promote development of basic public benefit cultural programs, particularly the building of more cultural facilities in urban communities and villages.We will accelerate development of multipurpose community centers in towns and townships.We will work on the projects to set up a national shared databank of cultural information and resources, extend radio and television coverage to all villages, and set up reading rooms and show movies in rural areas.All public museums, memorial halls and exhibition centers of a nonprofit nature will stop charging admission fees this year or next year.We will improve the policy for developing the culture sector and speed up development of bases for the culture industry and clusters of cultural industries with regional features.We will strengthen efforts to develop and manage Internet culture.We will ensure order in the cultural market and continue to combat pornography and illegal publications.We will strengthen protection of our national cultural heritage.We will expand cultural exchanges with other countries.We will step up development of public sports facilities in both urban and rural areas, launch extensive public fitness programs and raise the level of competitive sports.The 2008 Olympics and Paralympics will be held in Beijing.All sons and daughters of the Chinese nation are looking forward to them, and they will be of great importance in promoting China's economic and social development and increasing friendship and cooperation between Chinese people and the peoples of other countries.We will prepare for and organize the Games well, strengthen cooperation with the international community, and create an excellent environment to ensure that the Games are a unique, well-run sporting event.8.Stepping up development of socialist democracy and the socialist legal system and promoting social fairness and justice.We will deepen reform of political institutions and advance socialist political standards.We will expand people's democracy, improve democratic institutions, diversify its forms and expand its channels, and we will carry out democratic elections, decision-making, administration and oversight in accordance with the law to ensure the people's rights to stay informed about, to participate in, to express views on, and to oversee government affairs.We will develop democracy at the community level, improve the system of governance by the people at the community level, expand the scope of their autonomy, strengthen urban and rural communities, and make the running of governments, villages and factories more transparent.We will bring into play the positive role of civic organizations in expanding public participation in government affairs and voicing the concerns of the people to improve the ability of society to govern itself.We will fully adhere to the rule of law as a fundamental principle.We will step up the drafting of proposed legislation by the government and improve the quality of such legislation.The drafting of such legislation this year will focus on improving people's lives, promoting social development, conserving energy and resources, and protecting the ecosystem.In the course of doing so, we need to seek views from many sources.In principle, we will release drafts to the public to solicit their opinions when formulating all administrative rules and regulations that bear on the interests of the people.We will appropriately delineate and adjust the powers and duties of administrative law enforcement agencies, and strengthen oversight and fully implement the responsibility system for administrative law enforcement.We will improve the system of government administration in accordance with the law at the municipal and county levels.We will ensure that administrative charges are collected in a standardized way and reform and improve the mechanism for ensuring adequate funding for the judicial system and for law enforcement.We will improve the filing and inspection procedures for laws, rules, regulations and regulatory documents.Systems of administrative review and administrative compensation and reparation will be improved.We will ensure that people have adequate access to legal services and assistance.We will increase publicity and education concerning the law in order to create a good social environment in which the people conscientiously study, abide by and apply the law.We will improve public administration.We will increase efforts to improve civic organizations and improve the system of public administration at the community level.We will do a good job handling complaints in the form of letters and visits from the public and improve the system for handling complaints.We will improve the mechanism for mediating social tensions and properly handle problems among the people to protect their legitimate rights and interests.We will improve the public security system for the prevention and control of crime, maintain law and order through a full range of measures and launch intensive campaigns to ensure public security.We will reform and intensify community policing in both urban and rural areas and improve services for and management of the floating population.Focusing on addressing serious public security issues and improving conditions in areas with poor public order, we will work to prevent crime and crack down on crime and illegal activities in accordance with the law to protect people's lives and property and ensure social stability.We will redouble our efforts to safeguard national security.We will strengthen efforts to ensure workplace safety.We will work harder to prevent serious and major accidents by addressing their root causes.We will consolidate and build upon progress in bringing coalmine gas buildup under control, improve coalmine safety and shut down coalmines that do not meet safety standards.We will continue to carry out campaigns to address safety problems in key industries and areas.We will work harder to identify and eliminate hidden perils, and improve the system for controlling major hazards and monitoring major sources of danger and the system for forecasting, giving early warning, preventing, responding to and mitigating disasters.We will tighten oversight for workplace safety in accordance with the law and rigorously investigate industrial accidents and prosecute those responsible for them.9.Accelerating reform of the administrative system and intensifying government self-improvement.Reform of the administrative system is an important link in deepening reform, an important part of the reform of political institutions, and an essential step in improving the socialist market economy.In reforming the administrative system, we should adhere to the following general principles and requirements: We must put people first and govern for the people.We should see to it that this reform proceeds in line with development of socialist democracy and the socialist market economy.Decisions must be made scientifically and democratically;the government must be run in accordance with the law, and administrative oversight needs to be strengthened.We need to make innovations in management and institutions and make full use of the initiative of both the central government and local governments.Efforts should be focused on changing functions, straightening out inter-departmental relationships, improving the structure and raising efficiency in order to develop an administrative system in which powers are commensurate with responsibilities, the division of work among departments is appropriate, decisions are scientific, enforcement is carried out smoothly and oversight is effective.First, we must accelerate the transformation of government functions.This is central to deepening reform of the administrative system.We need to improve the division of responsibilities among government departments, ensure that all departments properly execute their functions and strive to build a service-oriented government.While improving regulation of the economy and the market, we must increase efforts to improve public administration and public services, safeguard social justice and order, and ensure equal access for all to basic public services.We will attach great importance to the role of civil organizations such as industrial associations and chambers of commerce in this area.Second, we must deepen reform of government bodies.Our current plan for the reform of bodies of the State Council mainly centers on changing the way the government functions, appropriately dividing responsibilities among departments that exercise macroeconomic regulation, adjusting and improving bodies in charge of industrial management, and improving departments responsible for public administration and public services.The plan explores ways to establish larger departments that organically integrate the functions of smaller departments.To resolve the problem of overlapping responsibilities and of powers not being matched by responsibilities, the plan clearly defines the responsibilities and powers of each department, clarifies the relationship of responsibilities among departments, and improves the mechanism for interdepartmental coordination and cooperation.The plan will be submitted to you for deliberation and approval.Third, we must improve the mechanism of administrative oversight.We need to use institutions to oversee the exercise of power, the handling of government affairs and the management of personnel.We will strengthen oversight of the exercise of administrative power and standardize procedures for administrative approval.We will strengthen the mutual oversight between higher-and lower-level authorities, get oversight bodies such as supervision and auditing departments to fully play their role, and conscientiously accept oversight by all sectors of society.We will adhere to the administrative accountability system and government performance management system.The competence of public servants will be strengthened.We will strictly enforce the law and the code of conduct for government employees and resolutely put a stop to non-compliance with government decrees and continued occurrences of banned practices.We will strive to make government affairs more open by enhancing the government information release system and improving the various types of administrative systems for transparency in government affairs to increase the transparency of government functions and create conditions to enable the people to oversee the government more effectively.Fourth, we will strengthen efforts to ensure clean government.We will attach even greater importance to combating corruption and encouraging integrity, and fight corruption unequivocally.We will effectively improve the system for preventing and punishing corruption in accordance with the principle of addressing both the symptoms and root causes of corruption and taking a dual approach that combines prevention and punishment, with the emphasis on prevention.In particular, we need to tackle the problems of excessive concentration of power and lack of checks on power.We will address fundamentals to improve regulations and institutions and standardize management of public resources such as transfer payments, development of land and mineral resources, government procurement and the transfer of state-owned assets.We will strengthen special campaigns to address people's pressing concerns related to problems concerning environmental protection, food and drug safety, workplace safety, land acquisition and expropriation, and housing demolition, to resolutely stop irregular practices that hurt public interests.We will strongly advocate hard work and plain living and firmly oppose extravagance and waste.We will prosecute all violations of the law and discipline, strictly curb bribery in business, resolutely bring corrupt people to justice and prosecute them to the full extent of the law.Fellow Deputies，China is a unified, multiethnic country.We must promote unity among all ethnic groups and make a concerted effort to achieve prosperity and development for all.We will follow and improve the system of regional ethnic autonomy, promote economic and social development of ethnic minorities and ethnic minority areas, and consolidate and develop socialist ethnic relations of equality, unity, mutual assistance and harmony.We will faithfully follow the Party's basic principles on work related to religions, adhere to the Regulations on Religious Affairs, and enable religious figures and religious believers to play a positive role in advancing economic and social development.We need to do a good job handling affairs related to overseas Chinese nationals in the new era and make full use of the role of overseas Chinese nationals, returned overseas Chinese nationals and their relatives in China's modernization and the great cause of peaceful reunification of the motherland.Improving national defense and the military is a strategic task in developing socialism with Chinese characteristics.We must balance economic development and national defense development to make China prosperous and the armed forces strong as we carry out modernization.We must always follow the guidance of Mao Zedong's military thinking, Deng Xiaoping's thinking on building the army in the new period and Jiang Zemin's thinking on strengthening the national defense and the army, truly implement the important guidelines of Comrade Hu Jintao on national defense and the army under the new circumstances, and take the Scientific Outlook on Development as an important guiding principle for developing national defense and the army.Our aim is to enable the army to fully carry out its historic mission in the new stage in the new century, enhance its ability to respond to security threats and accomplish a diverse array of military tasks, staunchly protect China's sovereignty, security and territorial integrity, and provide strong support for building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.We will strengthen efforts to improve the People's Armed Police Force to improve its ability to enforce the law, respond to emergencies, combat terrorism and safeguard stability.We will intensify national defense education to raise public awareness of the importance of national defense.We will improve the national defense mobilization system.We will strengthen unity between the military and the government and between the military and the people.We will continue to unswervingly adhere to the principle of “one country, two systems,” under which Hong Kong people administer Hong Kong and Macao people administer Macao with a high degree of autonomy, and act in strict accordance with the basic laws of the two special administrative regions.We will give full support to the governments of the Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions in administering their regions in accordance with the law, and increase exchange and cooperation between the mainland and the two special administrative regions in economic and trade affairs, environmental protection, science and technology, education, culture, health and sports.We firmly believe that our compatriots in Hong Kong and Macao will be able to do even better in administering and developing their respective regions.We will adhere to the basic principle of “peaceful reunification and one country, two systems” and follow all policies for developing relations between the two sides of the Taiwan Straits and promoting China's peaceful reunification under the current circumstances.We will pursue the goal of promoting peaceful development of cross-Straits relations, encourage compatriots on both sides to increase contacts and common understanding, actively promote cross-Straits economic and cultural exchanges, and work for the resumption of direct links of mail, transport and trade.We will implement and improve the policies and measures designed to benefit our compatriots in Taiwan and support economic development on the west coast of the Straits in Fujian Province and in other areas where Taiwan investment is concentrated.We will work for the early resumption of cross-Straits negotiations on the basis of the one-China principle to address major issues of concern to compatriots on both sides.We firmly oppose Taiwan independence secessionist activities, and will never allow anyone to separate Taiwan from the motherland in any guise or by any means.Any issue that concerns China's sovereignty and territorial integrity must be decided by all the Chinese people, including our Taiwan compatriots.The attempts of Taiwan independence secessionist forces to deny the reality that the mainland and Taiwan belong to one and the same China and to undermine peace in the Taiwan Straits are doomed to fail.Reunification of the two sides is inevitable in the course of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.With the concerted efforts of all Chinese people at home and overseas, the great cause of China's reunification will surely be achieved!

In the coming year, we must continue to hold high the banner of peace, development and cooperation, follow an independent foreign policy of peace and a path of peaceful development, and adhere to the win-win strategy of opening up to promote the building of a harmonious world with durable peace and common prosperity.We will work hard to develop relations with developed countries, deepen good-neighborly relations and friendship with all neighboring countries, and redouble efforts to increase unity and cooperation with other developing countries.We will actively participate in multilateral diplomacy, work to find appropriate solutions to major hotspots and global issues, and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of Chinese nationals and companies overseas.The Chinese government and people are ready to share development opportunities with people of all other countries and to work with them to address risks and challenges and advance the noble cause of the peace and development of humanity.Fellow Deputies，Looking back, we are encouraged by the achievements of the past five years.Looking ahead, we see an exciting future for China.Our great motherland has embarked upon a new historical course and the future holds even brighter prospects.Under the leadership of the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Hu Jintao as General Secretary, let us hold high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics, follow the guidance of Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of Three Represents, and comprehensively apply the Scientific Outlook on Development.Let us free our minds, carry out reform and innovation, and work diligently for greater achievements in the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects!

第五篇：2007年政府工作報告下載(中英文)

Delivered at the Fifth Session of the Tenth National People's Congress on March 5, 2007 在3月5日十屆全國人大五次會議上

Wen Jiabao

Premier of the State Council 國務院總理

溫家寶

Fellow Deputies, 各位代表：

On behalf of the State Council, I would now like to present to you my report on the work of the government for your deliberation and approval.I also welcome comments and suggestions on the report from the members of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference(CPPCC).現在，我代表國務院，向大會作政府工作報告，請予審議，并請全國政協各位委員提出意見。

I.Review of the Work in 2006

一、2006年工作回顧

China began implementation of and made a good start on its Eleventh Five-Year Plan in 2006, making major achievements in economic and social development.2006年，是我國實施“十一五”規劃并實現良好開局的一年，國民經濟和社會發展取得重大成就。

-The economy experienced steady and fast growth.China's GDP was 20.94 trillion yuan, an increase of 10.7% over the previous year.The consumer price index rose by 1.5%.For four years in a row, economic growth has reached or slightly exceeded 10% without significant inflation.———經濟平穩快速增長。國內生產總值20.94萬億元，比上年增長10.7%；居民消費價格總水平上漲1.5%。經濟增長連續四年達到或略高于10%，沒有出現明顯通貨膨脹。

-Economic performance improved steadily.National revenue reached 3.93 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 769.4 billion yuan.Profits of large industrial enterprises rose 31%, an increase of 444.2 billion yuan.———經濟效益穩步提高。全國財政收入3.93萬億元，比上年增加7694億元；規模以上工業企業實現利潤增長31%，增加4442億元。

-Implementation of the reform and opening up policy was deepened.Further progress was made in reforms in key areas and crucial links.China's import and export volume totaled US$ 1.76 trillion, a year-on-year increase of 23.8%.Paid-in foreign directinvestmentreached $69.5 billion.———改革開放進一步深化。重點領域和關鍵環節改革取得新進展。進出口貿易總額1.76萬億美元，比上年增長23.8%；實際利用外商直接投資695億美元。

-Development of social programs was accelerated.Major achievements were made in scientific and technological innovation, there was continued development of education, the publichealthsystem was improved and progress continued in cultural andsportsprograms.———社會事業加快發展。科技創新取得重大成果，教育事業繼續發展，公共衛生體系建設得到加強，文化、體育事業進一步繁榮。

-People's living standards improved substantially.A total of 11.84 million urban residents entered the workforce.Urban per capita disposable income rose to 11,759 yuan, an increase of 10.4% in real terms after adjusting for inflation, and rural per capita net income grew to 3,587 yuan, an increase of 7.4% in real terms after adjusting for inflation.———人民生活有較大改善。城鎮新增就業1184萬人。城鎮居民人均可支配收入11759元，農村居民人均純收入3587元，扣除價格因素，分別比上年實際增長10.4%和7.4%。

These achievements mark a further increase in China's overall strength and represent another solid step toward thegoalof building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.這些成就，標志著我國綜合國力進一步增強，我們朝著全面建設小康社會目標又邁出堅實的一步。

The main work accomplished in 2006 includes the following.一年來的主要工作是：