第一篇：Unit 5 課文翻譯及課后練習參考答案

Unit 5

課文參考翻譯：

三明治一代——夾心一代

九月上旬，安妮接到卡爾加伏特山醫院打來的電話，要她將住院的母親接回家去。已經84歲高齡的老母親艾琳從三月中風以來就一直住在醫院，接受精心地護理。六個月后，易瑞尼可以自己吃飯，也能下床獨立走動。但記性依然不好。看樣子，在敬老院騰出床位前她是不可能回家獨自生活的。已經42歲的安妮是社會服務顧問，同丈夫同住卡爾加城，家里還有三個孩子，老大19歲，老二15歲，最小的11歲。安妮回憶接母親的事時說：“她非常虛弱，簡直弱不禁風。我跟醫院一再解釋，我們不能接她回家——我們沒法接她回來。”但福特山醫院答應幫忙安排家庭護理，安妮便將母親接回了家。要求隱去全名的安妮說：“這真讓我們驚慌失措。從醫學上講，醫院已無力回天，他們要我接回母親也有道理。但是，我也無法照料好自己的老母。”

安妮就是被稱為“夾心一代”中的一員——上要顧老，下要顧小，拼命努力，同時還得設法保住自己的飯碗。據估計，在加拿大，長輩與小輩一起居住的家庭大約有12萬家。盡管統計數字顯示這樣的大家庭越來越少，但那些確實搬到了子女家并與子女同住的大家庭已經發生了巨大的變化，他們與原來的大家庭完全不一樣了。一方面現在的長輩子女少些，因而分擔家庭重擔的人相應減少了；另一方面，現代家庭中的女孩也都出外工作。實際上，渥太華凡妮家庭研究所行政與交流主任艾倫·米拉貝里指出現代家庭中的一對夫妻平均一周要工作65~80小時，而20世紀50年代則只有40-50小時。他說：“同樣的崗位，現代人的勞動強度是過去的兩倍。” 米拉貝里認為，這一變化常常為人們所忽略，越來越多公眾輿論要求把有些政府醫療護理負擔轉嫁到各個家庭就是個表現。“你不能假設有足夠人手，因為現代家庭已發生了很大的變化。’

同時，米拉貝里也意識到，當那些特護病人病情好轉要離開醫院時，確實“各有各的難處”。加拿大勞動力流動性大，有一半的家庭平均每五年會換一個地方——家庭成員也天南地北。當醫院里那些年長的病人不再需要特殊護理而健康狀況又不允許獨自回家時，往往在城里再也找不到一個親戚接他們回家。

卡爾加福特山醫院副院長約翰·王說，就他們醫院而言，如果病人沒有任何親戚接其回家，醫院會讓病人繼續住院治療直到養老院騰出床位為止。他認為醫院只能將病人送到一個“充滿關懷家里，而不能受到虐待的家里”。他解釋說，因為醫療服務配套設施需要大量的投入，因此特護床位費用昂貴，一天就需975美元，并且需求量很大。由于床位缺乏，“我們只能盡快地騰出特護床位。”他強調，家屬應該理解并給予配合。“現在人們已開始意識到他們應該幫助大家庭的成員。我們好像又回到了40年，對自家的老人給予更多贍養和照顧。”

對安妮來說，那段日子盡管短暫卻讓她心力交瘁。她說：“母親需要全天候的陪護。但最糟糕的是母親尿失禁，晚上只好給她用尿布，這也是實在沒辦法。如果一晚上三番五次起床，我必定睡眠不足。”安妮說自從要照顧母親，她很少會見朋友，碩土論文也擱置一旁，大大減少了做顧問的工作，取消了去西雅圖的出差，對孩子的照顧也少多了。孩子們因此而不高興，她也變得焦躁不堪。這真是禍不單行。

最終，艾琳在安妮家呆了一起只呆了六周，之后，養老院終干有了空床位。“母親很喜歡那兒，那兒的工作人員非常好” 安妮說，“一切比我預想的好得多。”但艾琳的小住使我和家人在思想上發生了很大變化，“我們完全被寵壞

了。”安妮說，“我當時覺得壓力大得不得了，但現實是每個人都得學會適應這一切。”上個月，安妮家從教堂領回了一個十歲的小男孩，這個男孩在家里遇到了麻煩。“領他回來是因為自己剛剛有過的一番經歷，” 她說，“總的來說，經過母親的事兒之后，我們更富同情心。”

凡妮研究所的米拉貝里指出即使長輩獨自生活，晚輩的責任也很大。“怎么好放下手頭的活兒去看生病的母親?”他問道，“而將母親置之不管不顧，他們又內疚萬分。即使老人不與子女同住，子女也面臨著壓力，要協調好照顧小家庭、大家庭同時也要為雇主負責的義務。”

實際上，加拿大老年研究網絡組織大學研究人員進行了一次全國范圍的對5，000雇員的大調查。該調查顯示46％的員工承擔著養老責任，從跑腿購物到全天候的照料。這些接受調查的雇員中一半以上的人還得照看孩子。根據調查，與同事相比，那些上要照顧老人，下要養育孩子的員工工作壓力更大，工作滿意程度更低，缺勤率更高。

面對這一狀況，有些公司采取了相應的措施。早在1992年，皇家銀行就辦了一個老年護理活動中心，為員工出謀劃策，并幫助員工及時獲得當地的幫助。溫哥華分行的顧客服務部經理——39歲的沙倫·莫里在母親病情惡化時打電話求助過這個中心。她說：“突發事件時，你不知道該怎么辦，該找誰。你需要一定的信息，這樣你才能做出正確的決定。我和我妹妹的工作難度大，要求高。我們不想讓母親的病給弄得驚慌失措。”

瑪麗露·格里芬是位退了休的老教師，丈夫雖已去世，倒也無需為工作壓力擔憂。可她卻受內風濕折磨。1988年，已81歲高齡的老父親搬入她多倫多北部的家中時，她也已經54歲有余了。老父的健康問題一下子將她拖垮了。她說：”頭三個月他一下瘦了40磅，我給嚇壞了。”由于他大小便失禁。有一次，僅一個晚上她得為父親洗五次澡，換洗五次床單。無論是感情上還是體力上，這真是太難了，老父也難堪不已，常常老淚縱橫。后來一位醫生發現老父是牛奶過敏而導致大小便失禁，這一窘況才擺脫了。但沒過多久，他又犯了其他毛病。“兩年中他得了三到四次肺炎，我也有四次。我休息不好，最后一次因肺炎加上胸膜炎，我又住到了醫院里。”醫生告誡說：“你不能再這樣下去了。”

格里芬終于尋求了幫助——政府資助提供的每周9小時的家庭護理。“但晚上和周末是沒有家庭護理的，”盲芬遺憾地說，“有一陣我累得實在挺不下去了，便決定請一個護士晚上幫忙護理一下。”但每小時$22的高額費用讓她承受不了，幾個星期之后，她只得作罷。兩年后，吉芬找到了一家很滿意的養老院，并把這事兒告訴了老父親。可老父親卻大受傷害，盡管他明白自己的女兒照顧不了他。吉芬說：“我老覺得有一種犯罪感，我太讓父親失望了。”她父親在養老院呆了兩年半，1992年10月，他死于心臟衰竭和肺氣腫。

幸運的是許許多多有老人的家庭都處理得不錯。這些家庭里長輩身心健康，小輩遇到不測時能得到及時的外援。紐芬蘭漁業員工訓練公司的執行總裁，現已39歲的弗朗西斯·小約翰記得自己小時候住在圣約翰以北100里的格雷斯港時，叔叔和嬸嬸經常幫助自己的父母。這對老夫妻無兒無女。1990年叔叔去世，嬸嬸安吉妮·鮑爾就搬到了自己家，與家人一起生活。弗郎西斯的妻子羅斯40歲，兩個孩子大的19歲，小的13歲。

雖已經81歲高齡，鮑爾身體依然硬朗，在自己的老家，大多數的日子里她每天要步行半英里。去年春天動了一次手術，她身體就一直較虛弱。在離家不遠的一家醫院打零工的羅斯·小約翰說他一大早就得起床給鮑爾清洗傷口，調換繃

帶，然后打發孩子們上學并趕在上班前準備好年餐。她非常感謝親戚們的援助。她說：“我一點兒也不吝嗇呆在家里照顧她的時間，也不討厭她生病時需要我跑前跑后的日子。這是我們應該承擔的責任。我會盡力讓她快點好起來。”

弗郎西斯說鮑爾與家人相處得很好。他說：“每當妻子與兒子發生爭吵時，她就避開了。”他認為她給孩子們帶來的是好的影響，“我發現老人有老人獨特的智慧，我兒子正處在青春期，處在成長的煩惱之中。嬸嬸卻比我更能理解兒子。”小約翰家庭責任感很強。他說：“我父母一直教導我要以家庭為榮，以承擔家庭責任為己任。這種感情難以用語言表達，你這么做只是因為你覺得應該這么做。”對小約翰一家來說，“應該這么做的事”成了家庭成員共同經歷過的有寶貴意義的事兒。但對于無數承擔了很多全新責任的加拿大人而言，照顧老人意味著體力與情感上的雙重付出與犧牲。

課后練習參考答案：

A.1.A

2.B

3.C

4.D

5.B

6.A

7.D

8.B

9.D

10.B

11.C

B.1.set him up

2.fit in

3.is thankful for

4.hold down

5.built up

6.gone through

7.weigh heavily on

8.working out

9.broken away

10.let my parents down

C.1.C.will rely on

2.D.have

3.C.for which

4.B.which

5.A.coupled

6.A.a much greater variety

7.B.find it difficult

8.A.Acquiring

9.C.himself

10.C.endangered

D.1.dead

2.brought

3.like

4.expensive

5.cost

6.worse

7.births

8.paying

9.aged

10.figure

11.share

12.majority

13.producers

14.poor

15.decent

16.services

17.expanding

18.same

19.burden

20.confined

Key to the Translation from English into Chinese:

在不少拉丁美洲和亞洲的國家,老年化和貧困將引起許多新問題, 而這些問題對于工業化國家來說并不陌生, 但是這些國家擁有資源少得多。在使用有限資源時所遇到倫理道德問題將更為突出,為醫療保健和養老金提供資金可能成為這些國家面臨的一件棘手的事。

在許多國家,老年人的人數太少,政治上多半相當被動,以致無法成為一個能對長期政策施加有效壓力來促進自身利益的團體。但隨著其數量增多,這種狀況正在改變，他們知道需要集結政治力量。到2030年將沒有一個政治家大膽到敢于忽略三分之一這部份老年選民——特別老年選民一般參加投票的人數要比其他選民多。

Key to the Translation from Chinese into English:

1.Generally, people have become more compassionate and quite a few families have taken in an orphan from the municipal orphanage.2.It is a demanding task for a workingwoman to look after her parents/ elders and her children while holding down a job.3.At first we were worried about their first stay in a foreign country but things there worked out much better for them.4.Today's middle-aged people have fewer children than their parents did and the

aging population problem may weigh on them in about 40 years.5.It is hoped that the current reform in education will better set students up to meet the challenges from society.6.The government intends to transfer some of the health-care burden to the individual family but family members are not always available for the task because they cannot break away from their jobs to look after the sick elderly.7.There is an increasing demand for beds in the nursing home, and we have to try every possible means to free them up.8.With the large elderly population in this country, financing of health care and pensions could scare the devil out of the government.9.The young couple has to make some sacrifice to avoid letting their old beloved father down.10.What they had gone through in looking after their sick old father made them more compassionate, and they made a donation to the nursing home

第二篇：B2U5課文翻譯及課后練習答案

Unit 1

Dreams In-Class Reading

Are You A Dreamer?

你做夢嗎？ 夢，我們為什么會做夢？夢有意義嗎？真的有夢中所見之事成為現實這種事嗎？幾千年來人們對這些問題一直很感興趣。過去幾十年的科學發展使我們對睡眠的自然過程有了更多的認識，然而對于與夢有關的諸多問題依然沒有最終答案，這些問題還在繼續困惑著我們。2 人人都做夢——只不過有些人不記得做過夢罷了。人類腦電波的記錄顯示我們所有人入睡后就進入做夢狀態。夜晚的大部分時間我們都在做夢，但只有當我們處在REM（眼球迅速轉動）睡眠階段時醒來才會記住所做的夢。眼球迅速轉動階段便是我們做夢的時候。每晚我們有四個或五個REM睡眠階段，第一次出現在入睡后的90分鐘左右。此后，夢期每90分鐘復現一次，每次持續15到45分鐘，持續時間隨著夜晚的深入逐漸延長。3 睡眠的主要目的（除讓我們休息外）也許就是讓我們做夢——讓我們以一種截然不同的方式回顧我們的生活、我們的憂慮和希望，以及在潛意識中觀察自我，把不再需要的資料從記憶中剔除。有些夢可能是由簡單的生理原因引起的。例如，夢到在灼熱的煤塊上行走很可能是由睡眠時腳太靠近取暖器引起的。而夢到想跑但兩腿卻動彈不了這種令人沮喪的境況，也許是被子裹得太緊的緣故。鬧鈴響了而依然熟睡的人則很可能會夢到門鈴或電話鈴響。所有這些都是潛意識和意識共同引導和啟示我們的簡單例子。不過這些從生理角度進行的解釋尚不足以說明為什么我們會做夢。有些人認為夢純粹是無稽之談，僅僅是人腦中電脈沖無的放矢的結果，然而，有些人則認為即便是最簡單的夢也具有重要的含義。有些夢反映的內心憂慮是立即可以識別的。夢見失去工作或者沒了房子，也許是反映了真實的憂慮，即便這些憂慮只是潛意識的。我們大多數人都夢見過必須參加一門很難的課程的期末考試，也許是一門從未修過的課，也許是一門學得很糟糕的課。但是，有一些夢并沒有這樣明顯的含義，對它們該如何解析呢？多少世紀以來，男男女女都從所謂的解夢字典中尋找答案，這類字典最早的有可能可以追溯到公元前5000年。根據這些字典，夢見喝酒意味著短命，而夢見喝水則預示著長壽。一直到公元200年，解夢字典受歡迎的程度仍絲毫未減。當時，古希臘的阿特米多魯斯寫了一部長達五卷的書，書中解析了3000多個夢，列舉了一系列的夢符，諸如右手（表示父親），左手（表示母親），以及海豚（表示好兆頭）。如今，圖書館和書店里有無數解析夢的書籍。對于那些解夢愛好者來說，它們依然深受歡迎。然而，多數專家警告說，讀這些書時要非常謹慎。心理分析家兼作家肯尼思·桑德斯解釋說：“夢與每個人的心理密切相關，因此分析往往容易出現錯誤和偏差。我認為，只有當你了解做某個夢的人時，才能發現這個夢的真正含義。”

After-Class Reading

成為現實的夢 1965 年11月7 日的晚上，瑪麗·都特瑞做了一個噩夢。她忘不了那個夢，她的丈夫喬治也忘不了。她是這么講述自己的夢的：“我夢見夜里自己在一座山上，電閃雷鳴，然后我看見天上一道亮光，一聲巨大的撞擊聲后，我聽到四處都是尖叫聲。”

瑪麗說，她隨后看見地上有一只手。她感到有些害怕，但還是走上前去。然后她看見了一只胳膊，胳膊的那頭是些尸體碎塊。她說在夢里她尖叫起來：“快來人哪！”然后她看見一些人抬著一個大柳條筐，他們把尸體放進筐里后就走了。瑪麗驚醒時還在叫喊著。“瑪麗！”喬治俯下身，推推她。“怎么了？”他問。瑪麗告訴他：“我剛才夢見你飛機失事死了。噢，喬治，求求你不要坐那趟去辛辛那提的航班。” 瑪麗求他不要去，但是喬治不聽她的勸阻。然而，在開車去機場的路上，喬治開始感到有點不對頭。接著他看見一架飛機從頭頂飛過，心慌得怦怦直跳。于是他明白自己不能坐那趟飛機了。他給機場打電話，取消了機票。然后他給瑪麗打電話，接著乘火車去了辛辛那提。6 那天晚上，383 次航班試圖在辛辛那提降落時遇上了暴風雨，飛機撞上了一座山。瑪麗在電視上看到了有關的新聞報道，那情形就同她夢見的一模一樣。她看見人們拿筐子運走了尸體。但是她知道喬治沒事。因為有了她那個夢的預兆，喬治才得以安然無恙。7 約翰·布拉德利也做過類似的夢。他住在英格蘭，是一位教師。他還是一位博物學家，喜歡帶班上的學生進行校外考察旅行，了解大自然。一天晚上，他做了一個夢。這是在他安排好的一次校外考察旅行之前一個星期發生的事。他夢見自己領著班上的學生走在一條鄉間的小路上，路邊就是教堂墓地。在夢里，布拉德利讓兩個男孩帶隊穿過教堂墓地。他自己走在隊伍的末尾，以便讓小一些的孩子保持前進。然而，就在他們穿過教堂墓地的時候，布拉德利感到地面在震動，接著他聽見了巨大的斷裂聲。然后，有個黑乎乎的龐然大物朝他砸了過來。那是一棵巨大的榆樹，正好砸在這隊孩子們的頭頂上。10 這個夢使布拉德利非常不安，他覺得應該取消這次外出。他把這個夢告訴了班上的學生，但是他們都覺得他很可笑，而且都不愿意取消這次旅行。甚至其他老師也笑話他，跟他說不應該讓孩子們掃興。于是布拉德利同意出行。“但是你們必須答應我，”他跟他們講，“往哪兒走你們只能聽我的。” 于是，他們出發了。當他們走到那條小路時，布拉德利不讓孩子們繞道穿過教堂墓地。有些孩子覺得這樣做很蠢，不過他們還是按老師說的做了。走到小路的盡頭，他們面前是一座跨河的橋。年紀大一些的男孩子停下來問道：“老師，我們應該走哪條道？過河呢，還是走沿河的小路？” 布拉德利停住腳步。他對那條小路有一種古怪的感覺。“過橋，”他告訴他們。于是孩子們開始過橋。接著，布拉德利聽到了可怕的斷裂聲，同自己在夢中聽到的完全一樣。他回頭一看，只見就在那條小路邊上，一棵巨大的榆樹搖搖晃晃，倒在了地上。他的預感應驗了。孩子們面面相覷，然后看著自己的老師。如果剛才他們走那條小路的話，那么此刻他們就正好在那棵榆樹倒下來的位置。

課內閱讀練習答案

Part One Preparation 1.Brainstorming Sample Sleepwalking, also known as somnambulism(夢游癥), is a sleep disorder.Sleepwalkers arise from the slow-wave sleep stage in a state of low consciousness and perform activities that are usually performed during a state of full consciousness, such as sitting up in bed, walking to the bathroom, cleaning, etc.which may involve no harm or danger.Those who work with dreams of these sorts take the position that a dream may have a variety of meanings, depending on the levels that are being explored.Nightmare refers to a very frightening dream.It may also refer to unpleasant experiences.Recurring dreams refer to dreams people have from time to time.Dream catcher is a handmade object based on a willow hoop, on which is woven a loose net or web decorated with personal and sacred items such as feathers and beads.Originated in the culture of Ojibwa, one of the largest groups of Native Americans, a dream catcher is believed to be able to change a person’s dreams.Hung above the bed, it is traditionally used as a charm to protect sleeping children from nightmares.When it comes to the interpretation of dreams, the most well-known might be The Interpretation of Dreams, a book written by Austrian neurologist Sigmund Freud.The book introduces Freud’s theory of the unconscious with respect to dream interpretation.In the book, he first demonstrates a psychological technique which makes it possible to interpret dreams.With the application of this technique, every dream will reveal itself as a psychological structure, full of significance, and one which may be assigned to a specific place in the psychic activities of the waking state.Further, he tries to explain the processes underlying the strangeness and obscurity of dreams, and to deduce from these processes the nature of the psychic forces whose conflict or cooperation is responsible for dreams.Freud’s view was that dreams were all forms of “wish fulfillment”, which means that the unconscious makes attempts to resolve a conflict of some sort.However, because the information in the unconscious is in an unruly and often disturbing form, a “censor” in the preconscious will not allow it to pass unaltered into the conscious.According to Freud, images in dreams are often not what they appear to be, and need deeper interpretation if they are to inform us of the structures of the unconscious.2.A Dream Poll Sample ? I don’t think dreams can predict the future.I never take dreams seriously.To me, dreams are just meaningless nonsense.If someone claims that what they dreamed came true, it was only a coincidence.? Dreams can make me feel good.After a good night’s sleep and some sweet dreams, I feel happy and full of energy when I wake up in the morning.But of course, I don’t like terrible dreams which make me very tired.3.Talking About Your Dreams Sample A: How often do you dream? B: I dream almost every night.A: What sort of dreams do you have? Are they connected to your daily life? B: Yes, I always dream about things that are connected to my daily life.For example, after I play computer games for a long time, I dream of playing computer games.Sometimes, I can’t find a book, but then I dream that I have found it.A: Do you have recurring dreams? B: Yes, I often dream of having to take an exam I haven’t prepared for.A: Have you ever wondered about the meanings of your dreams? Do you have any satisfactory explanations for your dreams? B: I am curious about the meanings of my dreams, but I can’t come up with any explanations.A: Why do you think people dream? B: It’s hard to say.However, as a Chinese saying goes, “We think of something during the day, and we dream of it during the night.” I think when the body is at rest, the mind, probably a part of the brain, continues to work.That may be the reason why we dream.Part Two Reading-Centered Activities

In-Class Reading

Post-Reading Reading Comprehension 1.I Introduction: Questions concerning dreams have puzzled human beings.(Para.1)II Dreaming and sleeping(Paras.2-3)i Dreaming occurs when we are in a REM(Rapid Eye Movement)sleep.ii The main purposes of sleeping may be to allow us to rest and to dream.III Possible causes of dreams(Paras.4-6)i Physiological cause Example: Sleeping with one’s feet too close to a heater may cause one to dream of walking on hot coals.ii Reflection of inner fears Example: Worrying about losing one’s job may cause one to dream of losing one’s job.IV Dream interpretations(Paras.7-9)i The earliest dream dictionaries indicated that drinking wine predicted a short life and drinking water meant a long life.ii Artemidorus’ dictionary includes symbols such as right hand(father), left hand(mother)and dolphin(a good omen).iii Most experts warn that dream interpretations should be read with care.2.T 2 T 3 T 4 T 5 F 6 T 7 T 8 T 9 F 10 F 3.Sample ? I agree with Kenneth Saunders’ opinion.First, different people have different personalities, social backgrounds and experiences.Since dreams are kinds of subjective activities in one’s brain, different people may see the world in different ways.Second, I think to some extent, dreams are closely related to real life.So, you are likely to make mistakes if you try to interpret someone’s dreams without knowing what exactly the person has experienced.? I think it is possible to analyze a dream without knowing the dreamer.If we share the same language, culture and physical environment, we would have a lot in common, at least, for example, the nature of human beings.Of course, people have different ways of thinking, but it doesn’t mean we can’t understand each other.I’m very interested in learning about dreams and ways of interpreting dreams.Vocabulary 1 1 explanation 2 enthusiasts 3 frustrating 4 popularity 5 unconscious 6 electric / electrical 7 movements 8 recognizable 9 interpretation 10 countless 2 1 asleep 2 sleepless 3 sleep 4 sleepy 5 asleep 6 slept 7 sleeping, sleep 8 sleeper 9 sleep 10 overslept 3 1 submerged: go below the surface of the sea, river or lake（使）浸沒，淹沒 subculture: the behavior, practices, etc.associated with a group within a society 亞文化 3 submarine: a special type of ship which can travel under water 潛水艇 subway: the passage under ground along which pedestrians can pass 地下通道 5 subzero:(of temperatures)below zero 零度以下的 Subtropical: belonging to or relating to parts of the world that have warm and humid weather 副熱帶的，亞熱帶的 subspecies: a subdivision of a species（物種的）亞種 subnormal: below an average or expected standard, especially of intelligence 低于正常標準的 9 subdivided: divide the parts of sth.that has already been divided 再分，重分 subtitles: words shown at the bottom of a film or television picture to explain what is being said 4 mislead nonstop unprepared misunderstanding non-verbal non-existent nonprofit uncommon unfamiliarity uncover 1 uncovered 2 misunderstanding 3 nonprofit 4 unprepared 5 uncommon 6 non-verbal 7 nonstop 8 misled 9 non-existent 10 unfamiliarity 5 1 progressed 2 puzzled 3 process 4 reflected 5 predict 6 advances 7 symbol 8 conscious / aware 9 inner 10 mode Translation 1 You will see that what I am saying now will come true.2 When young people remain single, they are open to pressure from other people.3 The problem of unemployment is tied up with the development of new technology.4 His appearance has changed so much that you may well not recognize him.5 The tour guide said that some castles date back to the 13th century.6 She has never done anything for them, whereas they have done everything they can for her.5 Part Three Further Development 1.Grammar Review 1 having ever had a chance / having ever been given a chance 2 to lock her door 3 visiting only once a month 4 to stay in full-time education 5 to phone you 6 trying to escape 7 to put their needs first 8 reading 9 to build / building the house 10 to be so rude to him 2.Vocabulary Review 1

A natural: not involving anything made by people 天然的，自然的

B neutral: a neutral color is not very strong or bright 暗淡的，不鮮艷的 C natural: to be expected;usual 合乎情理的，慣常的

D neutral: not supporting any of the people or groups involved in an argument or disagreement 中立的，不偏不倚的 2 A shattered:(cause to)break suddenly into very small pieces（使）粉碎

B crashing: hit sth.or sb.extremely hard while moving, in a way that causes a lot of damage or makes a lot of noise 撞擊

C crack:(cause to)break without dividing into separate parts（使）開裂 D crash: an accident in which a vehicle violently hits sth.else 碰撞 3

A ancient: of or from a long time ago, having lasted for a very long time, or very old 古代的，遠古的，古老的

B early: near the beginning of a period of time 早期的，初期的

C previous: happening or existing before the one mentioned 先前的，以前的

D ancient:(informal)when you say “sth.is ancient history”, you mean it happened long time ago and is not important now 從前的（事）4 A sign: an event, fact, etc.which shows that sth.exists or is happening 跡象，征兆 B symbol: a shape or design that is used to represent sth.such as an idea 象征

C signal: a sound or action that you make in order to give information to sb.or tell them to do sth.信號

D signs / symbols: a standard mark that is used to represent sth.符號，記號 5

A view: state of seeing or being seen from a particular place 視野 B vision: ability to see;eyesight 視力

C vision: an imagined mental picture of sth.想象，幻想

D outlook: your general attitude toward life and the world（對生活、世界的）觀點，見解

E view: personal opinion or attitude 觀點，看法 6

A errors / mistakes: things done incorrectly through ignorance or wrong judgment 錯誤，失誤 B fault: if sth.bad that has happened is your fault, you should be blamed for it 過錯 C error: a moral wrong 道德上的錯誤

D fault: sth.that is wrong with a machine, system, design, etc, which prevents it from working properly 故障

E mistake: “by mistake” is a fixed phrase, if you do sth.by mistake, you do it without intending to 錯誤地（并非故意）7

A confused: unable to think clearly 被弄糊涂的

B confusing: difficult to understand;puzzling 令人迷惑的

C confusion: a situation in which sb.wrongly thinks that a person or thing is sb.or sth.混淆 D confuse: mistake one person or thing for another 混淆 8

A conscious: noticing the existence or presence of sth.particular 意識到的，知道的 B unconscious: in the state of having lost consciousness 失去知覺的

C subconscious: present at a hidden level of the mind 潛意識的，下意識的

D consciousness: the state of being awake, thinking and aware of what is happening around you 意識，神志清醒 3.Interpreting Dreams Sample 1 Her dream tells her that she would feel the same about herself as she does about the sow if she did not control her eating.The dream reflects her inner conflicts between two desires: to be on diet and to indulge herself.Subconsciously the former seems to take the upper hand over the latter.2 It seems that Sara is still in love with her ex-boyfriend, although she thinks she has got over him.Now that he has a new girlfriend, she is quite conscious that she has lost him for good.The death of her ex-boyfriend is an indication of her determination of forgetting him and starting a new life.The symbol of the car accident is a good omen, implying good health of her ex.3 The poor condition of the car is an indication of poor health, poor academic or business performance.Falling down a cliff means Peter was riding in a wrong direction and failed to end up well.In this context, the dream is suggesting that Peter was doing something dangerous, and he had troubles either physically or academically.4.Describing a Dream Sample One night, I woke up from a dream to check my watch.It said 1:00 pm and it was very bright outside.I was very scared since that morning was my first day of school for the new semester, and I was supposed to wake up before 7:00 am.Oversleeping to 1:00 pm would have been terrible!I tried to get up and get out of bed.But I was unable to...instead, I went back to sleep again, and continued with my dream.Finally, I woke up and checked my watch.It was only 5:00 am, two hours before the time for me to get up for class.It was still dark outside.Not until then did I realize that the earlier checking of my watch had happened in a dream.Additional activity 1.Remembering Your Dreams STEP ONE In a short paragraph, write down the details of a dream that you once had.If you can’t remember a dream, invent one.STEP TWO Tell your dream to your partner.When you have finished, check whether other classmates can remember all the details.Your partner uses a question tag and you use short answers.Example: Partner: In your dream you were eating a giant ice-cream, weren’t you? You: Yes, I was.Partner: Suddenly it began to melt, didn’t it? You: Yes, it did.2.Four Kinds of Dreams STEP ONE Provide the features of the four categories that dreams usually fall into.1 Daily Processing: Most dreams fall in the realm of “daily processing”, clearing the garbage from our minds—dumping input from the day that’s no longer needed.We don’t remember most of these dreams, and those we do remember can usually be easily related to our lives.2 Problem-solving: “Problem-solving” dreams are just what you might think—your subconscious knows all—it knows your problems and it knows how to solve them.If the subconscious thinks its solution is important enough, up pops a problem-solving dream.We don’t always remember these dreams, but our conscious mind does and acts on them directly and, like our daily processing dreams, we can normally interpret them for ourselves.3 Psychological: For most of us, these dreams are about our relationships, past sufferings, our fears and anxieties, guilt and resentment.In these “psychological dreams”, we’re not solving a problem or making a decision, we’re simply facing something about ourselves or our current situation that’s probably been holding us back.Some of these dreams, especially those that are repetitive, require interpretation.Some repetitive dreams may first be defined as psychological in nature, but are actually indicative of physical problems that require medical attention.4 Precognitive: “Precognitive” dreams deliver psychic information.You dream about a friend and then see them the next day, or you dream your sister is pregnant and she is!For most of us, precognitive dreams aren’t so obvious because our ego shadows our psychic information with symbols.Precognitive dreams can often be identified by their quality: The light is strange, or you clearly feel that you’re in another dimension.Objects are oddly shaped or made of unusual materials.These dreams are almost always worth recording and tracking for they will be rich with information, much of which presented in symbols.STEP TWO Students work in groups to describe their dreams in turn.After each description, the other members in the group work together to determine which of the categories the dream belongs to.STEP THREE Choose the most interesting dream from the group and present it to the class.Part Four

Writing and Translation 2.Translation Practice 夢是心靈的談話

我們人類至今尚未開啟通往夢的世界的大門。盡管我們很多人都意識到了做夢的價值，希望了解我們在夢境中的活動，但大多數人仍覺得人在睡眠中就像進入夢幻世界一樣。有些人認為夢中的生活跟醒著的生活一樣真實，而且在積極尋找方法控制睡眠時的思維活動，然而很少有人會將清醒時發生的事情跟夢中發生的事情聯系在一起。心理學家和心理玄學家在20世紀90年代普遍認為，我們的夢境包含著日常生活的內容。因此，學習去記憶并“挖掘”我們的夢是非常有用的。許多重要的科學發現就來源于夢境中發生的事件。3.Writing Sample A Nightmare I grew up in the country and life was hard at that time.I used to share a small bed with my younger brother.We would often fight for space.One night, I had a terrible dream.In the dream, our village was occupied by foreign invaders.The invaders were taking away property and children from households.They set houses on fire and killed anyone who did not obey them.I managed to hide in a pile of hay.I could hear my heart thumping when I saw some foreign soldiers coming toward our house.I couldn’t see them clearly because my eyes were covered with hay.I could hear them coming nearer and talking angrily, but I didn’t understand anything they said.Just then, I realized that one of my arms was not fully covered.I wanted to hide it but I dared not move.Then one of the soldiers discovered me.I was almost frightened to death, but still I didn’t move.Then I felt a severe pain on my left arm.I was wounded by a soldier with a sword.I woke up and realized that I had just had a nightmare.But my left arm was hurting.My brother’s leg had been pressing on my arm.

第三篇：unit 2 課文翻譯

Smart cars that can see, hear, feel, smell, and talk? And drive on their own? This may sound like a dream, but the computer revolution is set to turn it into a reality.能看、能聽、有知覺、具嗅覺、會說話的智能汽車？還能自動駕駛？這聽起來或許像是在做夢，但計算機革命正致力于把這一切變為現實。

Smart Cars智能汽車

Michio Kaku米其奧?卡庫

Even the automobile industry, which has remained largely unchanged for the last seventy years, is about to feel the effects of the computer revolution.即便是過去70年間基本上沒有多少變化的汽車工業，也將感受到計算機革命的影響。

The automobile industry ranks as among the most lucrative and powerful industries of the twentieth century.There are presently 500 million cars on earth, or one car for every ten people.Sales of the automobile industry stand at about a trillion dollars, making it the world's biggest manufacturing industry.汽車工業是20世紀最賺錢、最有影響力的產業之一。目前世界上有5億輛車，或者說每10人就有1輛車。汽車工業的銷售額達一萬億美元左右，從而成為世界上最大的制造業。

The car, and the roads it travels on, will be revolutionized in the twenty-first century.The key to tomorrow's “smart cars” will be sensors.“We'll see vehicles and roads that see and hear and feel and smell and talk and act,” predicts Bill Spreitzer, technical director of General Motors Corporation's ITS program, which is designing the smart car and road of the future.汽車及其行駛的道路，將在21世紀發生重大變革。未來“智能汽車”的關鍵在于傳感器。“我們會見到能看、能聽、有知覺、具嗅覺、會說話并能采取行動的車輛與道路，”正在設計未來智能汽車和智能道路的通用汽車公司ITS項目的技術主任比爾?斯普雷扎預言道。

Approximately 40,000 people are killed each year in the United States in traffic accidents.The number of people that are killed or badly injured in car accidents is so vast that we don't even bother to mention them in the newspapers anymore.Fully half of these fatalities come from drunk drivers, and many others from carelessness.A smart car could eliminate most of these car accidents.It can sense if a driver is drunk via electronic sensors that can pick up alcohol vapor in the air, and refuse to start up the engine.The car could also alert the police and provide its precise location if it is stolen.美國每年有大約4萬人死于交通事故。在汽車事故中死亡或嚴重受傷的人數太多，我們已經不屑在報紙上提及。這些死亡的人中至少有半數是酒后開車者造成的，另有許多死亡事故是駕駛員不小心所導致。智能汽車能消除絕大多數這類汽車事故。它能通過會感測空氣中的酒精霧氣的電子傳感器檢測開車者是否喝醉酒，并拒絕啟動引擎。這種車還能在遇竊后通報警方，告知車輛的確切地點。

Smart cars have already been built which can monitor one's driving and the driving conditions nearby.Small radars hidden in the bumpers can scan for nearby cars.Should you make a serious driving mistake(e.g., change lanes when there is a car in your “blind spot”)the computer would sound an immediate warning.能監控行車過程以及周圍行車狀況的智能汽車已經建造出來。藏在保險杠里的微型雷達能對周圍的汽車作掃描。如果你發生重大行車失誤（如變道時有車輛你“盲點”內），計算機立即會發出警報。

At the MIT Media Lab, a prototype is already being built which will determine how sleepy you are as you drive, which is especially important for long-distance truck drivers.The monotonous, almost hypnotic process of staring at the center divider for long hours is a grossly underestimated, life-threatening hazard.To eliminate this, a tiny camera hidden in the dashboard can be trained on a driver's face and eyes.If the driver's eyelids close for a certain length of time and his or her driving becomes erratic, a computer in the dashboard could alert the driver.在麻省理工學院媒介實驗室，業已制造出能測知你行車時有多少睡意的樣車，這對長途卡車司機意義尤其重要。一連數小時注視著中夾分道線這樣一個單調、幾乎能催眠的過程是被嚴重低估的威脅生命的重大隱患。為消除這一隱患，藏在儀表板里的一架微型相機可對準開車者的臉部及眼睛。如果司機的眼簾合上一定時間，行車變得不穩，儀表板里的計算機就會向司機發出警報。

Two of the most frustrating things about driving a car are getting lost and getting stuck in traffic.While the computer revolution is unlikely to cure these problems, it will have a positive impact.Sensors in your car tuned to radio signals from orbiting satellites can locate your car precisely at any moment and warn of traffic jams.We already have twenty-four Navstar satellites orbiting the earth, making up what is called the Global Positioning System.They make it possible to determine your location on the earth to within about a hundred feet.At any given time, there are several GPS satellites orbiting overhead at a distance of about 11,000 miles.Each satellite contains four “atomic clocks,” which vibrate at a precise frequency, according to the laws of the quantum theory.開車最頭疼的兩大麻煩是迷路和交通堵塞。雖然計算機革命不可能徹底解決這兩個問題，但卻會帶來積極的影響。你汽車上與繞軌道運行的衛星發出的無線電信號調諧的傳感器能隨時精確地確定你汽車的方位，并告知交通阻塞情況。我們已經有24顆環繞地球運行的導航衛星，組成了人們所說的全球衛星定位系統。通過這些衛星我們有可能以小于100英尺的誤差確定你在地球上的方位。在任何一個特定時間，總有若干顆全球定位系統的衛星在11000英里的高空繞地球運行。每顆衛星都裝有4個“原子鐘”，它們根據量子理論法則，以精確的頻率振動。

As a satellite passes overhead, it sends out a radio signal that can be detected by a receiver in a car's computer.The car's computer can then calculate how far the satellite is by measuring how long it took for the signal to arrive.Since the speed of light is well known, any delay in receiving the satellite's signal can be converted into a distance.衛星從高空經過時發出能被汽車上計算機里的接收器辨認的無線電信號。汽車上的計算機就會根據信號傳來所花的時間計算出衛星有多遠。由于光速為人熟知，接收衛星信號時的任何時間遲緩都能折算出距離的遠近。

In Japan there are already over a million cars with some type of navigational capability.(Some of them locate a car's position by correlating the rotations in the steering wheel to its position on a map.)在日本，具有某種導航能力的汽車已有一百萬輛之多。（有些導航裝置通過將方向盤的轉動與汽車在地圖上的位置并置來測定汽車的方位。）

With the price of microchips dropping so drastically, future applications of GPS are virtually limitless.“The commercial industry is poised to explode,” says Randy Hoffman of Magellan Systems Corp., which manufactures navigational systems.Blind individuals could use GPS sensors in walking sticks, airplanes could land by remote control, hikers will be able to locate their position in the woods--the list of potential uses is endless.隨著微芯片價格的大幅度下降，未來對全球衛星定位系統的應用幾乎是無限的。“制造這一商品的工業定會飛速發展，”生產導航系統的麥哲倫航儀公司的蘭迪?霍夫曼說。盲人可以在手杖里裝配全球衛星定位系統傳感器，飛機可以通過遙控著陸，徒步旅行者可以測定自己在林中的方位—其潛在的應用范圍是無止境的。

GPS is actually but part of a larger movement, called “telematics,” which will eventually attempt to put smart cars on smart highways.Prototypes of such highways already exist in Europe, and experiments are being made in California to mount computer chips, sensors, and radio transmitters on highways to alert cars to traffic jams and obstructions.全球衛星定位系統其實只是叫做“遠程信息學”的這一更大行動的一部分，這一行動最終將把智能汽車送上智能高速公路。這種高速公路的樣品已經在歐洲問世，加州也在進行試驗，在高速公路上安裝計算機芯片、傳感器和無線電發射機，以便向汽車報告交通擁擠堵塞情況。

On an eight-mile stretch of Interstate 15 ten miles north of San Diego, traffic engineers are installing an MIT-designed system which will introduce the “automated driver.” The plan calls for computers, aided by thousands of three-inch magnetic spikes buried in the highway, to take complete control of the driving of cars on heavily trafficked roads.Cars will be bunched into groups of ten to twelve vehicles, only six feet apart, traveling in unison, and controlled by computer.在圣迭戈以北10英里的15號州際公路一段8英里長的路面上，交通工程師正在安裝一個由麻省理工學院設計的引進“自動司機”的系統。這一計劃要求計算機在公路上埋設的數千個3英寸長的磁釘的協助下，在車輛極多的路段完全控制車輛的運行。車輛會編成10輛或12輛一組，車距僅6英尺，在計算機的控制下一齊行駛。

Promoters of this computerized highway have great hopes for its future.By 2010, telematics may well be incorporated into one of the major highways in the United States.If successful, by 2020, as the price of microchips drops to below a penny a piece, telematics could be adopted in thousands of miles of highways in the United States.This could prove to be an environmental boon as well, saving fuel, reducing traffic jams, decreasing air pollution, and serving as an alternative to highway expansion.這種計算機化的公路的倡導者對其未來的應用充滿希望。到2010年，遠程信息技術很可能應用于美國的一條主要公路。如果成功的話，到2020年，當微芯片的價格降到一片一美分以下時，遠程信息技術就會應用在美國成千上萬英里的公路上。這對環保也會很有利，能節省燃油，減輕交通阻塞，減少空氣污染，還可用作公路擴建的替代辦法。

第四篇：Unit 4-課文翻譯

Unit 4 American Dream

Homework Sheet for Students

Unit 4 American Dream Text A Tony Trivisonno’s American Dream

摘要: 美國夢對不同的人有不同的意義。但對許多人，尤其是對移民而言，它意味著改善自己生活的機會。對于他們，美國夢的含義就是才能與勤勞能讓你從小木屋走向白宮。托尼·特里韋索諾并沒有爬到那么高，但他成功地使自己的夢想成真

托尼·特里韋索諾的美國夢

弗雷德里克·c·克羅弗德 他來自意大利羅馬以南某地一個滿地石子的農莊。他什么時候怎么到美國的，我不清楚。不過，有天晚上，我看到他站在我家車庫后面的車道上。他身高五英尺七、八左右，人很瘦。

“我割你的草坪，”他說。他那結結巴巴的英語很難聽懂。

我問他叫什么名字。“托尼·特里韋索諾，”他回答說。“我割你的草坪。”我對托尼講，本人雇不起園丁。

“我割你的草坪，”他又說道，隨后便走開了。我走進屋子，心里有點不快。沒錯，眼下這大蕭條的日子是不好過，可我怎么能把一個上門求助的人就這么打發走呢? 等我第二天晚上下班回到家，草坪已修整過了，花園除了草，人行道也清掃過了。我便問太太是怎么回事。

“有個人把割草機從汽車庫里推出來就在院子里忙活起來，”她回答說。“我還以為是你雇他來的。”

’

我就把前晚的事跟她說了。我倆都覺得奇怪，他怎么沒提出要工錢。

接下來的兩天挺忙·，我把托尼的事給忘了。我們在盡力重整業務，要讓一部分工人回廠里來。但在星期五，回家略微早了些，我又在汽車庫后面看到了托尼。我對他干的活夸獎了幾句。

“我割你的草坪，”他說。

我設法湊了一小筆微薄的周薪，就這樣托尼每天清掃院子，有什么零活，他都干了。我太太說，但凡有重物要搬或有什么要修理的，他挺派得上用場。

夏去秋來，涼風陣陣。“克羅先生，快下雪了，”有天晚上托尼跟我說。“等冬天到了，你讓我在廠里干掃雪的活。”

啊，對這種執著與期盼，你又能怎樣呢?自然，托尼得到了廠里的那份活兒。幾個月過去了。我讓人事部門送上一份報告。他們說托尼干得挺棒。一天我在汽車庫后面我們以前見面的地方看到了托尼。“我想學徒，”他說。

我們有個挺不錯的培訓工人的徒工學校。可我懷疑托尼是否有能力學會看圖紙、用千分尺，是否勝任做精密加工工作。盡管如此，可我怎么能拒絕他呢? 托尼減了薪水當了徒工。幾個月之后，我收到報告，他已從徒工學校畢業，成了熟練磨工。他學會了在千分尺上辨識一百萬分之一英寸，會用鑲嵌著金剛石的工具制作砂輪。我和太太都挺高興，覺得他的事總算有了個令人滿意的結局。

BY Wei Chunyan

Oct.20, 2015 Unit 4 American Dream

Homework Sheet for Students

一兩年過去了，我在托尼慣常等我的地方又看到了他。我們聊起了他的工作，接著我問他有什么要求。

“克羅先生，”他說，“我想買房。”在小鎮邊上，他看到有房出售，完全是幢破房。我去見——·位當銀行家的朋友。“人品貸款你干不干?”我問。“不干，”他說。“我們承擔不起。沒門。” “哎，等等，”我應道。“有個人干活勤勉，人品端正，這一點我擔保。他有個好工作。眼下，你從你那塊地上—分錢也得不到。那塊地空在那兒要好多年呢。至少他會付你利息嘛。” 那位銀行家勉強開了兩干美金抵押貸款，沒要托尼首付就把房子給了他。托尼樂不可支。從那以后，只要我家附近有什么被人扔棄的零星雜物，壞了的屏風啦，五金器具啦，包裝紙板啦，托尼都要收起來拿回家，看他這個樣子真是有意思。

約摸過了兩年，我在我們見面的老地方又看到了托尼。他身子似乎挺直了些，人也見胖了，樣子挺自信。

“克羅先生，我賣房子!”他得意地說。“我得了八千美金。” 我非常吃驚。“可是，托尼，沒了房子你住哪兒呢?” “克羅先生，我買農莊。”

我們坐下聊了起來。托尼告訴我說，擁有一個農莊是他的夢想。他喜歡番茄，辣椒以及意大利菜肴中相當重要的其它各種蔬菜。．他把在意大利的妻子和兒子女兒都接來了。他在小鎮周邊到處找，終于找到一處沒人要的一小塊地產，有一幢房，還有間小棚。他正在把家搬到農莊去。

又過了一些時候，在一個星期日的下午托尼來了，他穿戴得整整齊齊。和他一起來的還有另一位意大利人。他告訴我，他說服了兒時的，伙伴前來美國。托尼為他作經濟擔保。他眼里露出頑皮的神情，對我說，他倆來到他經營的小農莊時，他的朋友驚奇地站住說，“托尼，你是個百萬富翁啦!”

后來，在戰爭期間，公司里傳出了一個消息。托尼去世了。

我讓公司的人去他家看看，確保各項事宜都得到妥善安置。他們看到農場上長著綠油油的蔬菜，小屋布置得舒適溫馨，院子里有一輛拖拉機，還有一輛不錯的汽車。孩子受過教育都工作了，托尼身前沒有分文欠債。

托尼去世后，我一直想著他的經歷。他的形象在我心目中越來越高大。最后，我覺得他就和美國那些最大的實業家一樣高大、自豪。

他們都通過同樣的途徑，本著同樣的價值觀和原則獲得了成功：遠見、執著、自制、樂觀、自尊，以及最重要的，正直。

托尼不是從最低——級階梯往上爬的，他是從地下室往上爬的。托尼的事業很小，那些最大的實業家的事業很大。但究其實兩者的資產負債表完全一樣。惟——的不同是你把小數點點在什么地方。

．

托尼?特里韋索諾來到美國尋求美國夢。但他沒有找到什么美國夢——他為自己創造了個美國夢。他的全部擁有是天寶貴的二十四小時，而他—刻也沒有浪費。

BY Wei Chunyan

Oct.20, 2015 Unit 4 American Dream

Homework Sheet for Students

Text B With His Own Two Hands

他用自己的雙手實現了夢想

麥克斯·亞歷山大

阿爾弗雷多·金尼奧內斯-伊諾霍薩彎著腰在田地里采摘西紅柿，熾熱的太陽灼烤著他的肌膚。很少有美國人愿意為了一星期掙區區155美元去干這個活。在加州中部這個方圓10,000英畝的農場上，跟金尼奧內斯一起打工的伙計，大多與他一樣是來自墨西哥的非法移民。

一年前，在1987年的1月2日，金尼奧內斯19歲生日那天，他在表兄弟的協助下躍過了加州邊境城市加利西哥市的隔離欄，進入了美國。

阿爾弗雷多是家里五個孩子中的老大，五歲起便開始干活，在父親經營的加油站里給汽車加油。長大一點以后，他又在一個賣玉米面卷的攤子打工，幫家里掙些額外收入。但是，他仍舊繼續他的學業。“父親總是對我說，‘你想像我這樣嗎？那就別去上學。’我可不想步他的后塵。”14歲的時候，金尼奧內斯取得了進入墨西卡利市一個速成班的資格，那個速成班要把學生培養成小學教師。

他幾乎以班里最優異的成績畢業。然而，由于家里沒有有權有勢的熟人，他被分配在一個邊遠的學校任教。“我不愿忍受那種不公的待遇，”他說道。不久，他打算離開墨西哥去尋找更好的機會。以前，他來過美國兩次，在夏季打短工。所以，這次到來之后，他就和表兄弟直奔圣華金河谷，找農活干。“我采西紅柿、花椰菜、球花甘藍，還收玉米，摘葡萄。” 在農田里抬頭望去，金尼奧內斯能看到的最好工作便是開大型拖拉機。拖拉機手都有技術，還監管其他勞工。別人告訴他，要想得到這種晉升機會，需要干完十年農活。然而，沒過多久，他就操縱起結構復雜的犁和挖溝機了。他還學會了如何檢修發動機，拿到了臨時工作許可證。

幾個月后，金尼奧內斯告訴表兄弟他打算離開農場。表兄弟回答說：“你胡說什么？在這里堅持干下去，有一天你能當上工頭！”

“有時人得冒點險嘛，” 金尼奧內斯說道。

他來到斯托克頓，在一個鐵路車輛調度場找到一份活。這樣，他就可以在圣華金三角洲學院上夜校學習英語。他的第一份工作——鏟硫磺，又臭又臟，是他一輩子干過的最糟糕的工作。像從前那樣，他又一次努力學會了新的技能，這次是作為焊工修理罐車的閥門。不到一年，他當上了工頭。

金尼奧內斯英語長進了，他就改上夜班，開始全日學習科學和數學。為了維持生計，他還兼當其他學生的輔導老師。

1991年，他獲得準學士學位以后，被加州大學伯克利分校錄取。他搬到奧克蘭一個房租低廉的地區，靠獎學金、貸款、少量的補助金以及一如既往地打工勉強度日。

在伯克利激烈競爭的環境中，金尼奧內斯表現出色，高等課程始終門門優秀。他的優秀畢業論文論述人腦中毒品感受器的作用。作為兼職，他還教授微積分。到了1993年的春季，他的導師看了看他的成績報告單，對他說他很有希望進入哈佛大學醫學院。金尼奧內斯決定試一試。

哈佛錄取了他。于是，在1994年的秋季，金尼奧內斯來到了東部。三年后，他成為美

BY Wei Chunyan

Oct.20, 2015 Unit 4 American Dream

Homework Sheet for Students

國公民。“那是在我翻越隔離欄后的第十個年頭，我坐在那兒不禁想到，我的境況改善得多快啊。” 在哈佛醫學院畢業時，他在學位頒授典禮上致辭。之后，他又去加州大學舊金山分校接受神經外科學方面的訓練。這樣的前景既令人興奮，又令人心悸。一個非法入境的干農活的墨西哥人能成為腦外科醫生？似乎不可能。

結果，住院實習期成了金尼奧內斯美國之旅的人生低谷。“神經外科學是為出身醫學世家的人士預留的,” 他鄭重其事地說。“很少看到像我這樣的人能進入這個要求極高的領域，這是一個許多病人會死亡的領域。” 以前，他曾遭受過歧視——農場主的兒子對他故意視而不見，過去一位女友的母親因為他的國籍而對他不屑一顧。“他們這樣做使我心中的怒火燒得更旺，” 他說。為了一年掙30,000美元，每周得干130個小時，他承認有時他想到了放棄。“沒能力養家糊口，我感受到了父親當年的心境，”他說。“但是，我有一個夢。” 此刻，現年40歲的著名腦外科醫生金尼奧內斯大夫正端坐在病人的床邊。這是一個星期五的上午，在位于巴爾的摩的約翰·霍普金斯灣景醫學中心，和他在一起的是這一天他的第二個腦外科手術病人。這位六十多歲的婦女長了兩個腫瘤，其中一個長在控制肌肉運動的腦皮層中高度敏感的部位。金尼奧內斯握住她的手，看著她的雙眼。“手術結果的好壞，使我每天提心吊膽。壞的結果可能意味著生死存亡。” 他坦率地對她說。她點點頭。金大夫——大家都這么稱呼他——認為病人值得同情，也理應坦誠相待。“那就是風險所在，”結束談話時，他對她這樣說。“我們一切準備就緒。過一會兒再見。” 四個半小時的手術進行得很順利——病人蘇醒時運動功能沒有喪失。金大夫為此欣喜若狂。

盡管金尼奧內斯大夫年紀尚輕，他的同事們對他卻印象深刻。“他不僅很有才干，盡職盡責，而且他能充分理解病人的需求。” 約翰·霍普金斯灣景醫學中心的神經外科主任亨利·布萊姆如是說，“此外，他還是一個渾身洋溢著歡樂的人，熱情奔放，充滿行善天下的使命感。” 現在已是晚上七點多，金大夫已連續工作了12個小時。其他醫生忙著趕回家度周末，而他卻直奔位于巴爾的摩市中心的研究實驗室。實驗室是他手術室的延伸：他在那里研究手術中摘除的癌組織，借以找到新的治療方法。他解釋說：“我們希望使腦癌變成有點像糖尿病那樣的慢性病，而不是一種毀滅性的致命疾病。” 第二天下午，許多醫科學生來到金大夫家，享用一頓兼具墨西哥及美國南部特色的露天烤肉餐。在后陽臺上，金大夫邊翻轉著烤架上的玉米薄餅邊說道：“我想我的背景使我能更加人性化地與病人交往。他們感到害怕時，我感同身受。令我感到幸運的是，病人們允許我觸及他們的大腦，觸及他們的生命。進入他們的大腦，展現在我眼前的是這些不可思議的血管。此情此景總會把我的思緒帶回到我用自己的雙手采摘碩大而美麗的西紅柿的那些歲月。此刻，在手術室，看著這同樣的顏色——使大腦充滿營養和奇跡的鮮紅顏色，我仿佛回到了田間，正在那兒勞作。”

BY Wei Chunyan

Oct.20, 2015

第五篇：新編大學英語Unit2課文翻譯及課后練習答案

Unit 2 Myths and Legends In-Class Reading Why the Tortoise’s Shell Is Not Smooth

為什么烏龜的背殼凹凸不平從遠處他妻子們的那些小木屋里傳來的低聲細語，時不時地被歌聲打斷，但是奧康瓦還是聽到了，這是妻子們同各自的孩子在講民間故事。愛克蔚菲和她的女兒愛金瑪坐在一塊小地毯上。現在，輪到愛克蔚菲講故事了。霎時，低聲細語靜了下來，所有的眼睛都轉向她們最喜歡的故事能手。2 “很久以前”，她開始講道，“所有的鳥兒都被邀請到天上赴宴。它們非常高興，開始為這盛大的日子做準備。它們用顏料把自己的身體涂成深紅色并畫上漂亮的圖案。“烏龜看到了所有這些準備活動，并很快了解了事情的來龍去脈。動物界里發生的任何事都逃不過他的眼睛，（因為）他狡黠無比，詭計多端。他一聽說這一天上的盛宴，不禁垂涎三尺。那些日子正在鬧饑荒，烏龜已經有兩個月沒好好吃一頓飯了。他的身體就像一段枯柴棍在空蕩蕩的軀殼里咔咔作響。于是他穩扎穩打地開始計劃如何能到天上去。” 4 “但是他沒有翅膀呀，”愛金瑪說。5 “別性急，”她母親回答道，“故事（的關鍵）就在這里。烏龜沒有翅膀，但他去找鳥兒們，請求能跟他們一起去。” 6 “‘我們太了解你了，’鳥兒們聽了他的請求后說道。‘你詭計多端并且忘恩負義。如果我們答應你，你馬上就會施展詭計。我們老早就把你看透了。’ 7 “‘你們不了解我，’烏龜說。‘我已經脫胎換骨了，不再是你們以前所知道的那個搗蛋鬼了。相反，我現在既體貼又善良。我已經認識到，給別人制造麻煩的人就是在給自己制造麻煩。放心吧，我保證不給你們增添任何麻煩。’ “烏龜巧舌如簧，沒過多久，所有的鳥兒都一致認為，他確實已經脫胎換骨了，于是每只鳥兒都給了他一根羽毛，用這些羽毛，烏龜做了兩只色彩絢麗的翅膀。“最后，這盛大的日子終于來到了，烏龜第一個到達了集合地點。等所有的鳥兒都來齊了，他們就一塊兒動身。烏龜飛在鳥兒們中間，非常高興，而且由于他擅長演說，很快就被推選為大伙兒的發言人。10 “‘有件重要的事我們絕不能忘記，’他在飛行途中說道。‘當人們被邀請參加類似于這樣的盛宴時，要特意給自己取個新名字。天上的主人們一定也希望我們能遵循這一古***俗。’ “鳥兒們誰也沒聽說過這一習俗，但他們知道，盡管烏龜在其它方面不怎么樣，卻到過許多地方，知曉不同民族的風俗習慣。于是他們每人都取了一個新名字。等他們全都取好了，烏龜也取了一個。他的新名字叫‘你們大家’。“最后群鳥飛到了天上，那兒的主人們見到他們非常高興。烏龜穿著他那五彩的羽衣，起身對主人們的邀請深表謝意。他的講話如此得體，所有的鳥兒都很慶幸把他帶了來，對他所說的一切都點頭贊同。主人們把他當成了鳥兒們的國王，尤其是因為他看起來有那么點兒與眾不同。13 “精選出來的各種果仁呈上來吃完之后，天上的人們在客人們面前擺上了烏龜從未見過或夢到過的美味佳肴。湯剛從爐子上燒好就連著罐子熱氣騰騰地端上來了，里面全是肉和魚。烏龜開始很響地嗅氣。有甜薯泥以及用棕櫚油和鮮魚一起煮成的甜薯湯，還有一壇壇棕櫚酒。等所有的菜肴在客人們面前擺好后，有一位天上的人走上前來，把每樣菜肴都嘗一口。然后他請鳥兒們進餐。但這時烏龜一躍而起，問道：‘你們是為誰準備的這個宴會？’

“‘為你們大家啊，’那個人回答道。15 “烏龜轉向鳥兒們說：‘你們該記得，我的名字就是“你們大家”。這兒的習俗是先請發言人吃，然后才輪到其他人。我吃完以后，他們會請你們吃的。’ “他開始大吃起來，鳥兒們則私下里生氣地抱怨著。天上的人還以為把所有的食物讓國王吃是鳥兒們的習俗。就這樣，烏龜吃掉了最好的食物，還喝了兩壇棕櫚酒，于是酒足飯飽了，他的身體脹得胖鼓鼓的，把整個龜殼都撐圓了。“鳥兒們圍攏來吃些殘羹剩飯，啄著他扔在地上的骨頭。有一些鳥兒氣得什么都沒吃，他們寧可空著肚子飛回去。但是離開前，每只鳥兒都向烏龜要回了各自借給他的那根羽毛。烏龜站在那兒，身上只剩了一個硬殼，里面滿是佳肴美酒，卻沒了可飛回家的翅膀。他請求鳥兒們捎個口信給他的妻子，但被大家拒絕了。最后，最生烏龜氣的鸚鵡，突然改變了主意，同意替他帶個口信。18 “‘告訴我的妻子，’烏龜說道，‘把家里所有軟的東西都拿出來，鋪在地上，這樣我就可以從天上跳下去，而不至于摔傷了。’ “鸚鵡滿口答應一定把這個口信帶到，然后竊笑著飛走了。然而，當他飛到烏龜家時，卻告訴烏龜的妻子把家里所有硬的、尖的家伙都拿出來。于是烏龜的妻子就盡心盡責地把丈夫的鋤頭，刀子，長矛，槍甚至他的大炮都搬了出來。烏龜從天上往下看，看到他的妻子正往外搬東西，但相距太遠了看不清是些什么。當一切似乎都已準備妥當時，他就縱身一跳。他掉啊，掉啊，掉，直到他開始擔心自己會這樣一直不停地掉下去。然后，他重重地摔到了地上，那聲響就跟他的大炮轟鳴一樣。” 20 “他死了嗎？”愛金瑪問道。21 “沒有，”愛克蔚菲回答說。“他的背殼摔成了好幾百塊碎片。不過，那附近有一個醫術高明的行醫者。烏龜的妻子就派人把他請來，這位行醫者把所有的碎片撿攏來，粘在一起。這就是為什么烏龜的背殼凹凸不平的原因了。”

After-Class Reading

Beauty and the Beast

美女與野獸 從前有一位非常富有的商人，他有六個孩子，三個兒子和三個女兒。他滿足女兒想要的一切，但是，除了小女兒，兩個大女兒都非常自高自大，被寵壞了。小女兒名叫“美女”。她既美麗又溫柔，兩個姐姐為此嫉妒得不得了。2 在一個倒霉的日子里，商人得知自己損失了所有的錢，全家人被迫從城里的豪宅搬到鄉下一個小房子去住。三個兒子立即幫助父親張羅外面的瑣事。可憐的美女，向來都是仆人照料她的起居。現在她不得不在日出前起床，生火、做飯、打掃屋子。但是她很快適應了這種生活。她說：“哭不會改善現狀。我必須努力讓自己快樂起來。”然而，她的兩個姐姐則每天睡到正午，并且還為美女不像她倆一樣痛苦而生氣。一年后，這位父親收到一封信，告知他有一艘失綜的船已被找到，并已滿載貨物而歸。全家人都很高興，因為他們又要變得富有了。在商人離家前，兩個大女兒懇求父親給她們帶回各種各樣珍貴的首飾和漂亮衣服。“那么我的美女想要什么呢?”父親問道。“哦，我什么都不需要，但是如果您能帶給我一朵玫瑰，我會非常感激的，”她說。當然，美女并不需要玫瑰，只是她想，為了不使自己看上去似乎在批評兩個姐姐的貪婪，她最好得要點什么。4 商人來到了港口，但是天哪，船已經沉沒了，結果他依然貧窮如前。回家時他在森林里迷了路，并且天開始下起雪來。“我會凍死的，或者被狼吃掉，再也看不到我親愛的孩子們了，”他傷心地想著。突然，他看到一所富麗堂皇的豪宅，里面燈火通明。他敲了敲門，但 2 沒人答應。他走進去，卻發現壁爐里爐火正旺，一張桌子上擺滿美味佳肴。他等了很長時間，等著主人露面，但是沒有人來。他餓極了，于是他最后（忍不住）吃了一點食物。然后他找到一間臥室，并很快在那兒睡著了。第二天早晨他驚訝地發現一套嶄新的衣服擺在他面前，一頓新做的早餐等著他去享用。“這兒一定是仙女們住的城堡，” 他想，因此他大聲喊了聲“謝謝你們”，然后離開了。他驚訝地看到雪已經消失得無影無蹤，面前有一個可愛的花園，里面長滿了玫瑰花叢。“我只摘一朵玫瑰，給我的美女，”他說，但當他折下玫瑰時卻聽到了一聲很可怕的聲音。他看到一頭丑陋的怪獸對他說，“忘恩負義的人！我救了你的命，你卻偷我的玫瑰來報答我。你必須死!”但是商人乞求野獸看在他孩子們的份上不要殺他。野獸在聽說了美女和她要求得到一朵玫瑰的故事之后似乎有了興趣。“那么你必須叫她到這兒來代替你。給你三個月的時間。回家去，如果她不愿來，那你必須回來。但是我不會讓你空著手離開的。到你房間去，你會發現一箱金子，”野獸說。“好吧，如果我必須得死，至少我不會讓我的孩子們身無分文，”這位父親想，于是他帶著一箱金子回到了家。5 “給，美女，”他說，“給你這朵玫瑰。你不知道這朵玫瑰將怎樣使你不幸的父親丟掉性命。”于是他把遭遇野獸的事說了一遍。美女立刻堅持要去野獸家，以此來救她父親一命,而且不愿聽任何勸阻。在離開家的那一天，她的姐姐們用洋蔥抹眼睛，為她的離開并且很可能丟掉性命而假裝悲傷。7 當商人和美女到達那所宮殿時，燈火依舊通明。火旺旺地燒著，桌子上擺滿了精美佳肴。“哦，野獸想先把我養肥了再殺死我，”美女想。盡管害怕，為了父親她仍然表現得振作而又勇敢。突然他們聽到一個可怕的聲音，野獸出現了。“你是心甘情愿到這兒來的嗎?”野獸問。“是的，”美女哆嗦著說。“好，那就和你的父親道別吧。”悲痛欲絕的商人就這樣被迫離開女兒回家了。美女肯定野獸會在那天晚上把她吃掉。（因此）當她發現臥室門的上方有一塊刻著“美女房間”的金牌子時非常驚訝。房間里到處是華麗的家俱，書架上排列著所有她愛看的書。還有一架鋼琴供她彈奏。在有一本書里還寫著：

歡迎美女，不要害怕，你是這兒的王后、這兒的主人。

說出你的愿望，說出你的意愿，你的心愿，馬上就會實現。“這一切都這么豪華，我想野獸不會很快吃掉我的，”她說，于是她不太害怕了。10 第二天晚上野獸來到餐桌前說，“美女，讓我看著你吃飯，好嗎? 如果我在場會打擾你，我就離開。告訴我，你是否覺得我很丑?” 美女說，“是的，”因為她不會說謊，但她補充說：“但我認為你心地非常善良。”他們交談著，美女開始感覺鎮定多了。這時，野獸說，“美女，你愿意嫁給我嗎?”盡管美女不想讓野獸生氣，但她還是說，“不愿意”。野獸開始哀號并且傷心地說，“那么，再見，美女，”然后離開了。三個月的時間里，每天吃晚飯時都發生同樣的事情。美女開始期待這些見面，而且因野獸的丑陋所引起的恐懼感也消失了，但是每天晚上，在離開之前，野獸都問同樣的問題：“美女，你愿意嫁給我嗎?” “哦，野獸，我要是能同意嫁給你就好了。我會永遠把你當作我很要好的朋友，但是我并不愛你。”

“但是你能答應永遠不離開我嗎?”野獸問。

“哦，野獸，我非常擔心我親愛的父親，我也非常想他。” 15

“啊，那你會離開我，而我這個野獸會傷心死的。” 16

“哦，不，”美女說道，“如果你讓我去看望我父親一次，我一定會回來和你永遠生活在一起。”

“你明天就會在家里了，”野獸說。“但是記住，當你想回到我這兒時，你必須在上床睡覺前把戒指放在桌子上。” 第二天早晨，當美女醒來時，發覺自己已在父親家里，而且房間里滿是一箱箱的金子和漂亮高雅的綢緞禮服，都是野獸送給她的。除了兩個狠心的姐姐，所有人見了她都十分高興。兩個姐姐嫉妒難耐，卻裝作非常高興，請求妹妹能住多久就住多久。第十天晚上美女做了一個夢，夢中她看見野獸躺在花園里，快要死了。她從夢中哭醒過來。“哦，我多么忘恩負義啊！他長得丑陋是他的錯嗎? 他一直對我那樣溫和，那樣慷慨。原先我為什么不同意嫁給他呢?” 于是她下床，把戒指放到桌上，然后又回到床上睡著了。第二天早晨醒來時她已在野獸的城堡里了。她穿上最漂亮的禮服，等待野獸到來。晚飯過后，野獸仍然沒有露面，這時她想起了那個夢，急忙跑到花園里，發現野獸躺在地上，就要死了。她俯身伏在他身上，抱著他大哭。“哦，野獸，請不要死!活下來做我的丈夫。”她一說完這些話，只見眼前光芒閃耀，還有音樂聲，她看到的不是丑陋不堪的野獸，而是她所能見到的最英俊的王子。王子被一個邪惡的女巫用可怕的符咒把他鎮住，美女把它解除了，王子向她表示感謝。接著，出現了一位拿著魔杖的仙女，然后是美女的全家人。仙女微笑著說，“美女，你做了一個聰明的選擇，（因為）你選取了美德而不是美貌。從今以后，你要和王子一起幸福地生活了。” 然后仙女轉向美女的兩個姐姐說，“你們兩個滿心嫉妒的人，你們將變作兩個石像但卻仍具有思考能力。你們將站在美女城堡的門前，看著她每天幸福地生活，直到你們死去的那一天，這是對你們的懲罰。”

課內閱讀練習答案

Part One Preparation

1.An Argument about the Sun Sample 1)Both the children are wrong.The sun gives out almost the same amount of heat at any time of the year.We feel sometimes it is hotter, and sometimes it is cooler only because the angle between the sunlight and the surface of the earth varies constantly.That the sun seems bigger at daybreak is an optical illusion.When it appears on the horizon, only a small part of the sky is bright enough to be seen against it.This makes the sun seem bigger.But when it’s high up in the sky, it seems smaller with the huge bright sky against it.That it is cooler in the morning than at midday is not because of the change of the distance between the sun and the earth.It is because of the change of the angle between the sunlight and the surface of the earth.We don’t feel very hot in the morning because less sunlight is received per unit of area when the angle is smaller.But as time passes, more and more sunlight per unit of area penetrates the atmosphere and reaches us, so we feel hotter at midday.2)Confucius was knowledgeable, but not a genius.We can’t expect him to know everything.Everyone has his or her limitations.Another reason is that at that time science was not as developed as it is today and people didn’t have advanced equipment to do research on the sun and the earth.So it was difficult to understand or explain many natural phenomena.3)

―I think Confucius was honest.He didn’t pretend to know the answer.―No one is perfect.One may be an expert in one field, but a novice in other fields.―The children were very curious, a good quality of theirs.But they only saw one side of the phenomenon and then jumped to conclusions.One should consider different aspects before drawing any conclusions.―Children seldom pretend.They do what they want and they say what occurs to them.The two children in the story laughed at Confucius because he could not answer their questions though he was supposed to be a wise man.Adults are less likely to do these kinds of things.2.Chinese Fables

Three at Dusk and Four at Dawn

In the state of Song there was a man who was very fond of monkeys and kept a large number of them.He could understand the monkeys and they could understand him.In order to satisfy the monkeys’ demands, he reduced the food consumption of his family.After a while his family did not have enough to eat, so he wanted to limit the food for his monkeys.But he was afraid the monkeys would not submit to him.So he played a trick on them.“If I give you three chestnuts in the morning and four in the evening, would that be enough?” he asked the monkeys.All the monkeys rose up in a fury.After a short time he said, “If I give you four chestnuts in the morning and three in the evening, would that be enough?”

All the monkeys lay on the floor, happy and satisfied with this proposal.Moral of the story: I think that we can learn two things from the story.First, we should look at the whole picture when we are dealing with a problem, instead of just one side of the problem.If we can’t have a whole view of the problem, we might be fooled by something superficial and can never find the truth.Second, we should be consistent in what we are doing.We should not change our attitude, manner or method from time to time when we are doing a particular job.His Spear Against His Shield In the state of Chu there was a man who had a spear and a shield for sale.He was loud in praises of his shield.“My shield is so strong that nothing can pierce it through.”

He also sang praises of his spear.“My spear is so strong that it can pierce through anything.”

“What would happen,” he was asked, “if your spear is used to pierce your shield?”

He was unable to give an answer.It is impossible for an impenetrable shield to coexist with a spear that finds nothing impenetrable.Moral of the story: This story tells us that we should be logical in what we are talking about.One can not exaggerate too much what he is capable of.Otherwise, he will be laughed at by others.Moreover, one should be honest with other people.A Matter of Dignity

There was a great famine in the state of Qi.Qian Ao, a rich man in Qi, prepared food by the roadside for the hungry to come and eat.Along came a starving man, his sleeves covering his head, his hempen(麻制的)sandals held together by string, walking as if he did not know where he was going.With food in his left hand and drink in his right, Qian Ao shouted at him.“Hey you!Come and eat!”

The man looked up and stared at Qian.“I’m reduced to this state just because I refuse to take anything from loud-mouthed(高談闊論的, 嘰里呱啦的)people giving away food,” he said.Qian immediately begged his pardon but the man still refused to eat and eventually starved to death.Moral of the story: Dignity is more important than anything else.One may lose his life but not his dignity.Today, so many people, in order to reach certain positions or win some titles, give up their conscience or dignity.On the other hand, everyone should respect other people, poor or rich.Only when we are full of respect for other people will we earn other people’s respect.Then the whole society will be in harmony.3.Matching Pictures

1.Aphrodite

2.Ares

3.Hephaestus 4.Artemis 5.Demeter 6.Dionysus

7.Poseidon 8.Athena 9.Apollo

10.Hermes 11.Hera 12.Zeus

Extra exercise: Bedtime Stories

Directions: Of all the bedtime stories your grandparents or parents told you when you were a little child, which one was the most interesting? Share your favorite story with the other members in your group.Sample

Long long ago there were two brothers.The elder brother was rich, but the younger brother was poor.They made a living by cutting wood in the forest.One day when the younger brother was crossing a bridge, his iron axe fell into the water.He was very sad and began to cry.At that time an old man appeared.After he knew what happened, he dove into the water and brought a silver axe to the younger brother, but the younger brother said, “No, this isn’t mine.Mine is made of iron.” Again the old man dove into the water, and brought a gold axe to him.But again he said this wasn’t his.The old man was very happy with this because the younger brother was honest and not greedy.So he gave the younger brother the gold axe.After the younger brother got home, he told all this to his elder brother.On hearing the story the elder brother went to the same bridge and dropped his iron axe into the water.The old man appeared too and dove into the water after knowing what happened.He brought a silver axe to the elder brother, but the elder brother said this wasn’t his, his was a gold one.The old man was very unhappy and brought him a gold axe unwillingly.The elder brother went back home with the gold axe, but as soon as he was home, he became a statue, as a result of the magic power of the gold axe.Part Two Reading-Centered Activities

In-Class Reading

Post-Reading

Reading Comprehension

1.1)Because they were invited to a feast in the sky.2)He saw the birds were busy preparing.3)He planned to go to the feast/sky with the birds.4)They didn’t agree because Tortoise was mischievous, cunning and ungrateful.5)With a sweet tongue, he convinced the birds that he was a changed man.6)He made two wings with all the feathers he got from each bird.7)All of You.8)Nuts, meat and fish soup, pounded yam, yam soup, palm wine, etc.9)For whom have you prepared this feast?

10)Because he knew the answer would be “For all of you”, which was his new name.So he could enjoy all the food first.11)They were very angry.12)They took back the feathers they had lent him.13)He asked them to take a message to his wife.14)Parrot, because he wanted to take advantage of the chance to get revenge.15)He asked Parrot to tell his wife to bring out all the soft things in his house to cover the ground with them so that he would be able to land safely.But Parrot told his wife to bring out all the hard and sharp, not the soft, things instead.16)His shell was broken into hundreds of pieces.2.Ekwefi is telling a story about Tortoise.Long long ago, all the birds got an invitation from the sky to attend a feast there.Tortoise learned about it and with his sweet tongue he persuaded the birds to take him with them and so each bird lent him a feather.Tortoise cunningly thought of an idea that enabled him to have all the food before anyone else by naming himself “All of You.” When they reached the sky, they received a warm welcome and soon the food was presented to them.Then he asked one of the people in the sky: “For whom have you prepared all this feast?” The man replied: “For all of you.” So he ate almost all the best food.The birds became very angry and took back their feathers before flying home.Without feathers, he had to jump onto the ground and his shell was broken into pieces.3.Acting out the Story Sample Bird A: How exciting!All of us are invited to the feast in the sky.Bird B: I just can’t wait.What do you think I should wear? Tortoise: Hello.Good morning.What are you excited about? Bird A: Didn’t you know that we are going to the sky? Bird B: And we are going to have a big dinner.What fun!

Tortoise: How nice it is.What lucky guys.May I go with you? I’m sure we’ll have a lot of fun.Bird A: Yes, we’ll have great fun, but not you.We know you too well.You are full of cunning and you are ungrateful.Bird B: If we allow you to come with us, you will soon begin your mischief.Bird A: We know you of old.Tortoise: You don’t know me now.I’m a changed man.I am not the mischievous man you once knew.In fact, I am thoughtful and well-meaning.I have learned that a man who makes trouble for others is also making trouble for himself.Rest assured, I promise you I will not cause you any trouble.Bird A:(Talking to Bird B)Maybe he is a changed man now.Let’s talk to our bird friends and see if we will take him with us.(After a brief discussion with all the other birds)Bird B: OK.Tortoise, now we all agreed to take you to the sky.Each of us will lend you a feather so that you can have two wings to fly.(During the flight to the party)Bird A: Tortoise is a great orator!

Bird B: Let’s make him the spokesperson for the party.Tortoise: Did you know that we need a new name when we are invited to a great feast like this? It is an age-old custom and our hosts in the sky will expect us to honor it.Bird A: We haven’t heard of this before.But as you are such a learned man, if you say this, we will choose a new name.I will call myself Good-Looking.Bird B: I am Smart-Ass.Tortoise: And my new name is All of You.(On their arrival at the sky)Sky people: Welcome to the sky, our dear friends.We are so pleased to see you again.Please make yourselves at home.Tortoise: My dear respected friends, thank you so much for inviting us to the sky.Nothing can make us happier than this.It is our greatest honor to be here and have a good time with you.Sky people: Thank you for your nice words.Now please help yourselves to the nuts.Bird A: Tortoise is really eloquent, isn’t he? I’m glad we decided to bring him with us.Bird B: Yes.And these are delicious nuts.Sky people: Now the dinner is ready.Please enjoy the soup, meat, fish and pounded yam.Here is palm wine, too.Tortoise: Just a moment.Let me ask you first.For whom have you prepared this feast? Sky people: For whom? Why? For all of you, of course.Tortoise(To the birds): You remember that my name is All of You.The custom here is to serve the spokesman first and the others later.They will serve you when I finish.Sky people(To themselves): Looks like it is their custom to leave all the food to their king first.Tortoise: Mm.Yummy.Mm.I’m full now.You can start to eat.Bird A: We should never bring him here.I am too angry to eat.I’m going home.Bird B: Wait.I am leaving, too.Take the feather from him with us.Tortoise: What are you doing? Leave me the feather.Oh, how am I going home without a single feather? You can’t do this to me!Birds: Bye.Tortoise: Could someone take a message for my wife? Tell her to bring out everything soft and cover the ground…

4.Taking Sides Samples 1)—I don’t admire Tortoise’s cleverness.Actually he was unwise to cheat the birds.After his mischievous behavior, how could he face them and stay together with them? He would have no friends at all.He was clever in a way, but he was very stupid.For example, when all the birds became so angry, how could he have trusted Parrot? He should have jumped into the sea instead of landing on the ground to avoid being hurt.— I admire Tortoise’s cleverness.He was a guy who knew where to look for a nice dinner during time of famine.He knew very well how to have the birds trust him.He was also quick-minded.His only mistake was that he should not be so greedy as not to leave any nice food for the birds.— I sympathize with the birds.They took Tortoise with them to the sky out of kindness, but after flying such a long distance, they had to fly back home on an empty stomach.They were formally invited, but didn’t enjoy the food prepared for them.On the other hand, Tortoise invited himself, went to the sky with the help of all the birds and selfishly ate almost all the delicious food.I think the birds were very unlucky.—I think the birds are stupid.They knew very well that Tortoise couldn’t be trusted as he was always mischievous.But they persuaded themselves that he was a changed man.At the party they should have let the sky people know Tortoise was not their king and they had the right to enjoy the nice food, as they were the guests the sky people had invited.2)The story teaches us that a)we should be honest, and shouldn’t cheat others at any time.If we cheat others, we will be punished in the end;b)we shouldn’t be carried away by sweet words, like the birds;c)a leopard can’t change its spots.Since Tortoise was cunning, he could never change his personality and behave himself.Vocabulary

1.1)A.invitation

B.invited

C.inviting

2)A.prepare

B.prepared

C.preparation

D.preparatory/preparation

3)A.discoveries

B.discoverers C.discovered

4)A.approval

B.approve C.approved D.approving E.disapprove

5)A.eloquent

B.eloquence C.eloquently

6)A.faithful

B.unfaithful/faithless C.faith D.faithfully

7)A.occasional B.occasionally C.occasion

8)A.delivery B.delivering C.delivered

9)A.troublesome/trouble B.troubled C.troubled D.troubling

10)A.assurance B.assured C.assure

2.1)ran/got into trouble 2)no trouble

3)asking for trouble

4)have…trouble

5)The trouble with

6)in serious/deep/big trouble

7)get/getting…into trouble

8)took the trouble 3.1)with a pattern of roses 2)prepared a wonderful/good meal for us 3)promised faithfully 4)deliver this letter

5)a selection of milk and plain chocolate 6)keep out of mischief/behave themselves 7)the sound of distant thunder

8)received approval from the government 9)in spite of the fact that he drank too much 10)agree whether the drug is safe or not

Part Three Further Development 1.Enriching Your Word Power

1)C

2)C

3)A

4)B

5)A

6)B

7)A

8)B

9)A

10)A 2.Myths and Moral

1)--Virtue will be rewarded.For example, Beauty is a kind-hearted and sweet girl.She loves her father and is willing to sacrifice herself for him.Finally she is rewarded with a happy marriage and a happy life.On the other hand, the evil sisters are punished by the fairy.They become two statues that have to observe Beauty’s happiness painfully.--A good heart is more important than appearance.Although the Beast is very ugly, he loves Beauty and has a kind heart.In the end he wins the heart of Beauty and the spell on him is broken by Beauty’s love.2)--Nothing can be gained without effort or hardship.If you want to succeed or make achievements, you have to face and overcome difficulties, or even great dangers.Tang Seng, Monkey and others had gone through eighty-one great dangers or hardships before they could obtain and bring home the authentic version of the Buddha’s teachings.--A person’s strength, skills and judgments are the guarantee of success.Without Monkey King, Tang Seng couldn’t have fetched the Buddha’s teachings.Unlike Tang Seng’s other followers, Monkey developed his martial arts and skills and became so strong that almost no one could defeat him.3.Finding Their Similarities and Differences 1)Similarities:

A.Both of them look like animals and are endowed with human intelligence.B.Both of them have a happy ending.The Beast marries a kind-hearted and beautiful girl and changes back into a handsome prince;Monkey succeeds in getting the Buddha’s teachings and becomes enlightened.His golden band is gone, and he no longer has to be under other people’s control.C.Both of them have a bond.The Beast is under a spell cast by a witch, while Monkey is wearing a golden band which tightens whenever he is mischievous.2)Differences: A.The Beast is actually a real human being.He becomes a beast only because of the witch’s spell, while Monkey is still a monkey though he is finally enlightened.B.They have different personalities.The Beast is gentle, generous, patient, loyal and thoughtful.He was persistent in his love for Beauty.The Monkey is capable, invulnerable, ambitious, brave, and intelligent.3)A.I like the Beast more, because he is loyal and loving.He is very kind and patient to Beauty.He loves Beauty so much that he will die for her.B.I like Monkey more, because he enjoys many magic skills and weapons.I wish I could have those.He is not only brave, but also loyal and obedient to Tang Seng.He goes through eighty-one dangers and helps Tang Seng get the Buddha’s teachings.4.Completing the Story 1)the true reason why there was no such animal in Guizhou 2)they were of no use at all in this place 3)All of a sudden when he saw the donkey, he thought it was a monster 4)He hid himself in the trees while looking at the donkey 5)What kind of animal is this and why does it look different from other animals that I’ve seen? 6)But one day the donkey stretched its thin neck and cried 7)the tiger discovered that the donkey didn’t have any other skills besides crying/had no other skills than crying 8)But he dared not rush to it or eat it just as he did to other animals 9)This did irritate the donkey/make the donkey angry, who raised its hind leg and kicked the tiger 10)

This time he rushed to it without hesitation and bit/broke its throat

5.To Be a Good Story-teller

The Princess and the Pea

Once there was a prince who wanted to marry a real princess.But he had difficulty telling what a real princess looked like.One night there was a terrible storm.Suddenly there was a knock at the door.A young girl was standing in the rain.She said she was a real princess but she looked ugly because of the rain dripping from her hair and clothes.“We’ll see whether she is a real one or not,” the old empress thought to herself.She put a pea on the bed and then put twenty mattresses and twenty padded quilts on it.The princess then slept in this bed.The next morning, people asked her whether she had a good sleep.She answered: “It was terrible.Who knows what was on the bed? I slept on a very hard thing and I am bruised all over my body.”

Now everybody was sure that she was a real princess, because she could feel the pea under twenty mattresses and twenty padded quilts.Nobody except a princess would have such tender skin.The prince married the girl and they lived happily ever after.The pea is now displayed in the museum.The Ugly Duckling Once upon a time down on an old farm lived a duck family, and Mother Duck had been sitting on a clutch of new eggs.One nice morning, the eggs hatched and out popped six ducklings.But one egg was bigger than the rest, and it didn't hatch.But before Mother Duck had time to think about it, the last egg finally hatched.A strange looking duckling with gray feathers that should have been yellow gazed at a worried mother.The ducklings grew quickly, but Mother Duck had a secret worry.“I can’t understand how this ugly duckling can be one of mine!” she said to herself, shaking her head as she looked at her last born.Well, the gray duckling certainly wasn’t pretty, and since he ate far more than his brothers, he was outgrowing them.As the days went by, the poor ugly duckling became more and more unhappy.His brothers didn't want to play with him, he was so clumsy, and all the farmyard folks simply laughed at him.He felt sad and lonely, while Mother Duck did her best to console him.12 Then one day, at sunrise, he ran away from the farmyard.He stopped at a pond and began to question all the other birds.“Do you know of any ducklings with gray feathers like mine?” But everyone shook their heads in scorn.Then one day, his travels took him near an old countrywoman’s cottage.Thinking he was a stray goose, she caught him.Then one night, finding the hutch door open, he escaped.Once again he was all alone.One day at sunrise, he saw a flight of beautiful birds wing overhead.White, with long slender necks, yellow beaks and large wings, they were migrating south.“If only I could look like them, just for a day!” said the duckling, admiringly.Winter came and the poor duckling went to seek food in the snow.He dropped exhausted to the ground, but a farmer found him and put him in his big jacket pocket.The ugly duckling survived the bitterly cold winter at the farmer’s house.By springtime the duckling saw himself mirrored in the water.“Goodness!How I’ve changed!I hardly recognize myself!” The flight of swans winged north again and glided on to the pond.When the duckling saw them, he realized he was one of their kind, and soon made friends.“We’re swans like you!” they said, warmly.“Where have you been hiding?”

“It's a long story,” replied the young swan, still astounded.Now, he swam majestically with his fellow swans.One day, he heard children on the river bank exclaim: “Look at that young swan!He's the finest of them all!”

And he almost burst with happiness.Hua Mulan

Long ago, in a village in northern China, there lived a girl named Mulan.One day, she sat at her loom weaving cloth.Click-clack!Click-clack!went the loom.Suddenly the sound of weaving changed to sorrowful sighs.Her mother asked her what troubled her.“Nothing, Mother,” she replied softly.Mulan’s mother asked her again and again, until Mulan finally told her that invaders were attacking.The emperor was calling for troops.The night before she saw the draft poster and twelve scrolls of names in the market.Her Father’s name was on every one of them.“But Father is old and frail,” Mulan sighed.“How can he fight? He has no grown son and I have no elder brother.I will go to the markets.I shall buy a saddle and a horse.I must fight in Father’s place.”

From the eastern market Mulan bought a horse.From the western market she bought a bridle, and from the southern market, a whip.At dawn, Mulan was dressed in her armor and bid a sad farewell to her father, mother, sisters and brothers.Mulan went to fight in the war for twelve years during which time none of her fellow fighters knew that she was a girl.She was such a great fighter that when the war ended the emperor wanted to name her a high rank official.But she declined the offer and went back home where she received a warm welcome.Her fellow fighters came to visit her and were surprised to learn that she was a girl.