第一篇：名詞 冠詞考點(diǎn)講解

2012高考總復(fù)習(xí)（15）：名詞、冠詞考點(diǎn)透析與精煉考試要求：

對(duì)名詞、冠詞的考查，在每年高考都有涉及，是高考大綱語(yǔ)法部分的重要內(nèi)容。不但在單項(xiàng)選擇部分對(duì)這兩類(lèi)詞有直接考查，在其他各大題型尤其是書(shū)面表達(dá)題型也涉及名詞、代詞的運(yùn)用。近年高考加大了對(duì)名詞詞義辨析的考查，但是考生丟分往往很多。本篇資源主要對(duì)名詞冠詞的考點(diǎn)和易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)進(jìn)行歸納，并給同學(xué)們提供一些精選的練習(xí)。知識(shí)總結(jié)： 名詞考點(diǎn)主要集中在下列方面：

一、名詞的辨析，包括同義詞、近義詞、形似義異的名詞辨析。

這類(lèi)題主要考查名詞同義詞、近義詞的辨析，詞形相似而意義相異的名詞辨析，這些名詞可能有相同的前綴或后綴，甚至有相同或相近的詞干。這就要求在平時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)中，必須要重視詞義及詞義辨析，收集大量的語(yǔ)言實(shí)例，反復(fù)記憶，用心領(lǐng)悟，掌握好名詞近義詞之間的細(xì)微區(qū)別。另外做題時(shí)還要充分注意語(yǔ)境的具體要求。

同義詞：選項(xiàng)中的幾個(gè)名詞意思大致相同，但是各個(gè)詞之間有著細(xì)微差別或者在用法上完全不同。

近義詞： 選項(xiàng)中幾個(gè)詞意義不同，但比較接近。

形似義異名詞：選項(xiàng)中幾個(gè)詞在拼寫(xiě)上有類(lèi)似之處，這類(lèi)詞在意義上往往差別較大。

二、名詞的搭配：名詞與介詞的搭配、名詞與動(dòng)詞的搭配、名詞的慣用法。

這類(lèi)題主要考查名詞與介詞的搭配，以及動(dòng)詞與名詞的搭配關(guān)系等。這些搭配主要是依據(jù)語(yǔ)法和慣用法，由于沒(méi)有任何規(guī)律可言。同學(xué)們?cè)谄綍r(shí)的復(fù)習(xí)中對(duì)一些常用名詞的搭配要注意積累與總結(jié)歸納。

三、語(yǔ)境

詞的語(yǔ)境指的是詞語(yǔ)在特定語(yǔ)境中的含義、感情色彩和表達(dá)作用。要理解詞語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)境意義，讀懂句子是關(guān)鍵，當(dāng)然要進(jìn)行聯(lián)系、比較和體會(huì)。這類(lèi)題是名詞考查的一個(gè)趨勢(shì)，現(xiàn)在越來(lái)越多的考題屬于這種情況。

四、名詞的轉(zhuǎn)義：把抽象意義轉(zhuǎn)化為具體意義，因而賦予其可數(shù)功能;把具體意義的名詞抽象化。

轉(zhuǎn)義名詞主要分為兩類(lèi)：把抽象意義的名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為具體意義，因而賦予其可數(shù)功能；把具體意義的名詞抽象化，從而賦予其不可數(shù)性。

抽象轉(zhuǎn)具體：pleasure, surprise, help, success, failure, danger, difficulty, wonder等意為“??的人/ 物”。如：The meeting is a success.抽象轉(zhuǎn)具體：worry, honor, disaster, rain, snow, fog, wind, gas, fire, crop, coffee, tea, food等，指“一種”、“一場(chǎng)”及“多種”、“多場(chǎng)”時(shí)，有其單、復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：There have been strong winds over the last two months.抽象轉(zhuǎn)具體：a need, a discovery, a love, a good time, a collection of, a knowledge of, a history of, a population of, an area of, an understanding of,a matter of等已形成固定形式。如：He has a good practical knowledge of computer science.具體轉(zhuǎn)抽象：school, college, hospital, court, prison, bed, table, church等，用心 愛(ài)心 專(zhuān)心

1都是可數(shù)名詞，可以有具體的意義，如a school, three schools。但go to school, go to church中的名詞為抽象名詞。

具體轉(zhuǎn)抽象：day, night, morning, noon, evening, night等用指天色時(shí)，表達(dá)抽象概念(注意其前不用冠詞)。如：Day may break now, for the birds are singing outside.冠詞考點(diǎn)主要集中在下列方面：

近年高考重點(diǎn)考查冠詞的基本用法，尤其在冠詞表示泛指、特指方面考查較多；對(duì)冠詞的習(xí)慣用法的考查也是高考的熱點(diǎn)之一；冠詞的靈活運(yùn)用是高考的難點(diǎn)之一。同學(xué)們?cè)趥淇嫉倪^(guò)程中一定要重點(diǎn)掌握和理解冠詞的基本用法，例如泛指、特指、類(lèi)指、專(zhuān)指等用法。當(dāng)然要特別注意在具體的語(yǔ)境中體會(huì)冠詞的用法。

一、序數(shù)詞前冠詞的使用

強(qiáng)調(diào)順序時(shí)用定冠詞；當(dāng)不強(qiáng)調(diào)順序，而是表示“又，還，再”時(shí)用不定冠詞。

二、school, bed等前面冠詞的使用

像bed, table, class, school, college, church, hospital, prison等名詞，在指這些家具、建筑或場(chǎng)所本身時(shí)用冠詞，但若抽象地指它們所具有的作用或功能時(shí)，則不用冠詞，此時(shí)多用于go to或者be in / at之后。

三、專(zhuān)有名詞前的冠詞使用

一般不用冠詞，如John, China等。但以下幾種情況用冠詞：

1．“the＋姓氏復(fù)數(shù)”表示“某某夫婦”或“姓某的一家人”；

2．“a(n)+人名”表示“??式的人物”或“有一個(gè)名叫??的人”，如He is a Lei Feng.(他是一

個(gè)雷鋒式的人物。)A Smith is waiting for you at the school gate.(有一個(gè)叫史密斯的人在門(mén)口等你。)。

3.由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專(zhuān)有名詞前通常要加the，如the Summer Palace, the United Nations。但若是

在“專(zhuān)有名詞(人名或地名)＋普通名詞”構(gòu)成的專(zhuān)有名詞前不用冠詞，如Beijing University,Yale University。

4.表示特指時(shí)專(zhuān)有名詞前也可能用the，如the Gorge of China(中國(guó)的高爾基)，the China of the

1960s(20世紀(jì)60年代的中國(guó))，the Smith you’re looking for(你在找的那個(gè)史密斯)。

四、物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞前冠詞的使用

一般不用冠詞，如We all need water.(我們都需要水。)但是下列情況要用冠詞：

1.特指時(shí)要加the；

2.有的抽象名詞具體化后，前面要加不定冠詞，如a surprise一件預(yù)料之外的事，a pity / shame(一

件令人遺憾的事), a success(一件成功的事或一個(gè)成功的人)，a pleasure(一件快樂(lè)的事)，a time(一段時(shí)間)。

3.不定冠詞可在coffee, tea, beer, drink等物質(zhì)名詞前表示“一杯 / 罐 / 瓶”。如I’d like a tea(=a cup of tea), please.我要來(lái)杯茶。

五、表示三餐的名詞前的冠詞使用

breakfast, lunch, supper等前一般不用冠詞，但若受形容詞修飾時(shí)用a / an；特指時(shí)要用the。如a good lunch(豐盛的午餐)How do you like the lunch? 你覺(jué)得這頓午餐怎么樣？

六、play后的樂(lè)器和球類(lèi)名詞的冠詞使用

play后接西洋樂(lè)器名詞時(shí)，要加定冠詞。但像erhu(二胡)之類(lèi)的漢語(yǔ)拼音的中國(guó)民樂(lè)名稱(chēng)前就不用冠詞；play后面接球、棋、牌等之類(lèi)的名詞前也不用冠詞，如play football / chess / bridge踢足球 / 下棋 / 打橋牌。

七、表示季節(jié)、月份、星期的名詞前的冠詞使用

一般不用冠詞，但特指時(shí)用the；受形容詞修飾表示具有某種特點(diǎn)時(shí)可用a / an。如the spring of 1998(1998年的春天)，a hard winter(一個(gè)嚴(yán)寒的冬天)。

八、表示節(jié)日的名詞前的冠詞使用

含有day的節(jié)日前一般不用冠詞，如May Day, New Year’s day, Christmas Day, April Fool’s Day, Mother’s Day等；但僅中國(guó)才有的傳習(xí)統(tǒng)節(jié)日名稱(chēng)前常用the，如the Spring Festival(春節(jié)), the Mid-autumn Festival(中秋節(jié))。

九、有后置定語(yǔ)的名詞前的冠詞使用

特指某人或某物時(shí)用the；但若指一類(lèi)事物時(shí)用a / an。如：

I’d like to buy a present that is useful but not expensive.我想買(mǎi)一件價(jià)格不貴但又有用的那樣一類(lèi)禮物。

十、兩個(gè)并列名詞前冠詞的使用

指同一人、物或同一概念時(shí)，第二個(gè)名詞前不用冠詞，如a teacher and writer(一位教師兼作家)，a horse and cart(一輛馬車(chē))，a knife and fork(一付刀叉)；但若是指兩個(gè)人時(shí)，第二個(gè)名詞前一般也要加冠詞，如a man and a woman(一個(gè)男人和一個(gè)女人)。易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥：

1.名詞變復(fù)數(shù)的特殊形式

child——children, foot——feet, man——men, mouse——mice,stomach——stomachs, tooth——teeth, woman——women, sheep——sheep,deer——deer, Chinese——Chinese, a man doctor——men doctors,a woman doctor——women doctors, looker-on——lookers-on,grown-up——grown-ups

誤：There are many woman teachers in my school.正：There are many women teachers in my school.2.?？疾豢蓴?shù)名詞

advice, baggage, equipment, information, luggage, furniture, fun, weather,knowledge, jewelry, progress

誤：What a fine weather it is!

正：What fine weather it is!

3.可數(shù)不可數(shù)均可，但意思不同

experience 經(jīng)歷（可數(shù)）；經(jīng)驗(yàn)（不可數(shù)）

room 房間（可數(shù)）；空間（不可數(shù)）

exercise 練習(xí)（可數(shù)）；鍛煉、運(yùn)動(dòng)（不可數(shù)）

誤：Visiting the Great Wall is unforgettable experience to me.正：Visiting the Great Wall is an unforgettable experience to me.4.只能修飾可數(shù)名詞的有：

few, a few, many, a great/good many, a large number of?

誤：There is a large number of water in the hole.正：There is a great deal of water in the hole.5.只能修飾不可數(shù)名詞的有：

little, a little, much, a large amount of, a great/good deal of?

誤：There are a great deal of people living there.正：There are a good many people living there.6.只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞有：

trousers, clothes, socks, shorts, goods, thanks, congratulations, belongings?誤：A pair of trousers are hanging over there.正：A pair of trousers is hanging over there.8.復(fù)數(shù)形式，單數(shù)意思的有：

plastics, news, politics, physics, mathematics?

誤：The news are exciting.正：The news is exciting.9.復(fù)合名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。

girl friends, boy students, women teachers, men workers, passers-by, go-betweens, grown-ups

誤：There're many boys students in my class.正：There're many boy students in my class.10.名詞做主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)

police, cattle, clothes, goods

誤：Cattle sells well at that market.正：Cattle sell well at that market.11.幾個(gè)應(yīng)該特殊注意的名詞。

people(民族，人)； village(村莊，村民)；man(男人，人類(lèi))；youth(年輕人，青年男子，青春)

第二篇：英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法---名詞、代詞和冠詞

英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法---冠詞 冠詞基本用法 【速記口訣】

名詞是禿子，常要戴帽子，可數(shù)名詞單，須用a或an，輔音前用a，an在元音前，若為特指時(shí)，則須用定冠，復(fù)數(shù)不可數(shù)，泛指the不見(jiàn)，碰到代詞時(shí)，冠詞均不現(xiàn)。【妙語(yǔ)詮釋】

冠詞是中考必考的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)之一，也是中考考查的主要對(duì)象。以上口訣包括的意思有：①名詞在一般情況下不單用，常常要和冠詞連用;②表示不確指的可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)前要用不定冠詞a或an，確指時(shí)要用定冠詞the;③如復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示泛指，名詞前有this，these，my，some等時(shí)就不用冠詞。英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法---名詞

(一）可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)構(gòu)成 A.規(guī)則變化 1.單詞后加S 2.單詞后加ES(以CH等結(jié)尾的單詞)3.以F或FE結(jié)尾，變?yōu)閂E加S B.不規(guī)則變化

1.單復(fù)同形

deer sheep

fish

Chinese

Japanese

means 2.只有復(fù)數(shù)形式

people

police

cattl

clothes

trousers，glasses 3.不規(guī)則變化

man----men

woman----women

foot-----feet

tooth-----teeth mouse------mice

child-----children

German------Germans 4.復(fù)合名詞的復(fù)數(shù) 1)將后一部分變成復(fù)數(shù)

Englishman---Englishmen gentleman---gentlemen policewoman----policewomen 2)將主要成分變成復(fù)數(shù)

looker-on----lookers-on

son-in-law----sons-in-law

3)如果前一詞是man, woman，將兩部分都變成復(fù)數(shù) men doctors

women 小結(jié)

grown-up----grown-ups

名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)則 【速記口訣】

單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)，規(guī)則要記住，一般加s，特殊有幾處： 【妙語(yǔ)詮釋】

①大部分單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)要加s，也就是單詞如果以ch，sh，s，x等結(jié)尾)，則一般加es;②以o結(jié)尾的單詞除了兩人(negro，hero)兩菜(tomato，potato)加es外，其余一般加s;③以f或fe結(jié)尾的單詞一般是把f，fe變?yōu)関e再加s;④英語(yǔ)中還有些單詞沒(méi)有規(guī)則，需要特殊記憶，如child—children，mouse—mice，deer—deer，sheep—sheep，Chinese—Chinese，ox— oxen，man—men，woman—women，foot—feet，tooth—teeth。

（二）名詞所有格

1.表示有生命的東西的名詞，所有格在名詞后加’s Mr Li’s house

The cat’s food

James’ dog

The dogs’ food 2.表示無(wú)生命的東西的名詞，用of+名詞的結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表示 The leg of the desk

the cover of the magazine 3.在時(shí)間，距離，度量，價(jià)值等名詞后，可用名詞所有格。Two months’ time

Today’s newspaper

fifty pounds’ weight 4.表示店鋪或某人的家時(shí)，常在所有格后省去shop, home.The doctor’s

the tailor’s

my uncle’s

the barber’s 5.名詞前有冠詞，數(shù)詞，不定代詞或指示代詞時(shí)，用of詞組+所有格表示 a friend of John’s

that bike of Tom’s 6.某樣?xùn)|西為兩人或多人共有，在后一個(gè)名詞尾+’s.Jane and Fred’s mother

Jane’s and Fred’s mother Tom and Tim’s car

Tom’s and Tim’s car 小結(jié)

名詞所有格用法 【速記口訣】

名詞所有格，表物是“誰(shuí)的”，若為生命詞，加“’s”即可行，詞尾有s，僅把逗號(hào)擇;并列名詞后，各自和共有，前者分別加，后者最后加;若為無(wú)生命詞，of所有格，前后須倒置，此是硬規(guī)則。【妙語(yǔ)詮釋】

①有生命的名詞所有格一般加s，但如果名詞以s結(jié)尾，則只加“’”;②并列名詞所有格表示各自所有時(shí)，分別加“’s”，如果是共有，則只在最后名詞加 “’s”;③如果是無(wú)生命的名詞則用of表示所有格，這里需要注意它們的順序與漢語(yǔ)不同，A of B要翻譯為B的A(三)主謂一致

主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)，主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。He is a student.We are students.1

and 連接兩個(gè)名詞，看有無(wú)the.The professor and writer is going to give us a lecture of writing.The professor and the writer are going to our school.2

主語(yǔ)單數(shù)+ with/as well as/ but/except/besides/including …+謂語(yǔ)單數(shù)

主語(yǔ)復(fù)數(shù)+ with/as well as/ but/except/besides/including …+謂語(yǔ)復(fù)數(shù) A library with five thousand books is offered to the nation as a gift.3.有些名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式作為一個(gè)整體，(如度量，距離，金額，時(shí)間，書(shū)名等）其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Two weeks ___(be)not enough to finish the work.1000 dollars ___(be)a large amount of money.4.There be 句型就近原則。

There ____ a pair of glasses on the desk.There ____ two patients and a nurse in the hospital.5.某些集體名詞，如family ,team 等做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，若當(dāng)一個(gè)整體看，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就用單數(shù)，若就其中一個(gè)一個(gè)成員來(lái)看，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就用復(fù)數(shù)，class , club, audience ,committee , crowd , government , party, public , team 等。其中population 的用法也類(lèi)似

His family _____(be)a happy family.All the world ________(be)waiting for the good news.6.成雙成對(duì)構(gòu)成的東西，如glasses, shoes, chopsticks, scissors等作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，但與a pair一起構(gòu)成作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

7．each , every+名詞，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。

Each boy and girl ________(want)to serve the people in the future.8．以 either …or , neither …nor , not only … but also，not…but…等連接兩個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)按照就近原則。

Either you or he ______(be)to go.Not only he but also I ______(be)wrong.9.…幾分之幾/。。百分之幾+of +名詞單數(shù) + 謂語(yǔ)單數(shù)

…幾分之幾/。。百分之幾+of +名詞復(fù)數(shù) + 謂語(yǔ)復(fù)數(shù) Three-fifths of money _____(have)been used up.10.…one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞 +謂語(yǔ)復(fù)數(shù)

…the only/the very one of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 +謂語(yǔ)單數(shù) He is one of the boys that have passed the maths test.

第三篇：名詞與冠詞練習(xí)答案

專(zhuān)題一名詞與冠詞

1.解析:選C。考查名詞詞義辨析。句意為：布朗先生覺(jué)得要改善他的計(jì)劃，汲取一下工人的評(píng)論是一個(gè)很不錯(cuò)的主意。comment評(píng)論，解釋;requirement 必需品；summary 總結(jié)；connection連接，均不符合題意。

2.解析:選B。考查冠詞的用法。句意為：中國(guó)從2008年金融風(fēng)暴中能學(xué)到什么，已經(jīng)成為我們的熱點(diǎn)話(huà)題。在the 2008 financial storm中，the修飾storm, 表示特指;a hot topic 一個(gè)熱點(diǎn)話(huà)題，表示范指。

3.解析:選C?？疾槊~詞義辨析。句意為：網(wǎng)上沖浪的挑戰(zhàn)在于你如何能判斷網(wǎng)絡(luò)上的信息是正確的還是錯(cuò)誤的。從表語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容可判斷出，選challenge 挑戰(zhàn)。ability 能力；competition 競(jìng)賽；knowledge 知識(shí),均不符合題意。

4.解析:選C。考查冠詞的用法。從句中“一輛漂亮的車(chē)”和“一輛人人都喜歡的車(chē)”這兩個(gè)含義都應(yīng)用不定冠詞,表示泛指。

5.解析:選A。考查名詞詞義辨析。句意為：那個(gè)巨大的半獅半魚(yú)的噴水塑像名叫“魚(yú)尾獅”，是新加坡的象征。故選A。sign 跡象；手勢(shì)；signal 信號(hào)；scene場(chǎng)景，場(chǎng)面。

6.解析:選D。考查冠詞的用法。句意為:當(dāng)有消息傳來(lái)說(shuō)他因?yàn)槌俦唤{時(shí)，他困惑不解。at a loss 困惑不解，word單獨(dú)使用時(shí)意為“消息”，相當(dāng)于news。

7.解析:選D。考查冠詞的用法。句意為：在中國(guó)，汽車(chē)正在成為一種流行的交通工具。the car表示類(lèi)指，它從是“車(chē)”而不是別的什么的角度說(shuō)的類(lèi)指概念。a means of一種方式。

8.解析:選C?？疾槊~詞義辨析。句意為：中央新聞大廈發(fā)生的大火引起了人們對(duì)在城市燃放鞭炮的關(guān)注。故選C。attention 注意，多指全神貫注；expectation 期盼，盼望；standard 標(biāo)準(zhǔn);concern擔(dān)心;憂(yōu)慮;關(guān)注。

9.解析:選B?？疾槊~詞義辨析。從句意提醒對(duì)方不要忘了交報(bào)道，可知此處應(yīng)指上交報(bào)道的最后期限，故選deadline。summary 總結(jié)；regulation 規(guī)則,管理；agreement 同意。

10.解析:選C?？疾槊~詞義辨析。句意為：這對(duì)雙胞胎雖然個(gè)性不同但在音樂(lè)方面的趣味相同。故選taste。

11.解析:選B?？疾椴豢蓴?shù)名詞的具體化用法。a drink指在長(zhǎng)頸鹿喝水時(shí)，表示一次飲水，故選a;第二空的water是特指，故用the。

12.解析:選D?？疾槊~詞義辨析。由語(yǔ)境可知，此處指人類(lèi)的語(yǔ)言，而語(yǔ)言是人類(lèi)說(shuō)的，因此用voices。故選D。

13.解析:選B?？疾楣谠~的用法。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境判斷，對(duì)方已經(jīng)遲到，原因是交通擁擠和遇上了大雨。這是造成遲到的兩種情況，因此都是特指概念，前面需加定冠詞。

14.解析:選D。the Internet因特網(wǎng)，為固定搭配;as a resource作為一種資源，此處用a表示泛指。

15.解析:選A?？疾楣谠~的用法。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境判斷，落在他頭上的蘋(píng)果并非特指，因此前面用不定冠詞； 后面是冠詞的固定用法，表示“打在身體部位的名詞”前，應(yīng)該用定冠詞。

16.解析:選B。考查冠詞的用法。by sea經(jīng)海路,是固定用法，相當(dāng)于by ship, 名詞前不加定冠詞，后面的大陸是特指概念，因此用定冠詞。

17.解析:選A。考查名詞詞義辨析。由句意可知，說(shuō)話(huà)人在抱怨一個(gè)公共場(chǎng)所，不能在里面吃飯、喝酒和逗留，這樣的場(chǎng)所有什么意義，因此用sense。opinion意見(jiàn)，觀點(diǎn)，一般與人搭配；case 情形，情況，都不符合題意。

18.解析:選B?？疾樵~義辨析。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境判斷，“我”買(mǎi)的裙子很便宜，因此用bargain, 意為“便宜貨”。exchange 交換；trade 貿(mào)易；business 商業(yè)，均不符合題意。

19.解析:選B?？疾槊~辨析。句意為:這位年輕人向他父母許下諾言，畢業(yè)后要獨(dú)立生活。因此用promise。make a promise 許下諾言，是固定搭配。

20.解析:選B?？疾樵~義辨析。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，Kelly向我描述旅行的情況。explanation 解釋?zhuān)籭magination 想象，想象力；idea注意，念頭。account一般表示“賬目，賬戶(hù)”，但還可以表示“記述，描述”，相當(dāng)于description。

21.解析:選C。be in trouble處于困境中；句中trouble為泛指，不用冠詞;

lose(one’s)heart為固定搭配，表示“失去信心”，heart前不用冠詞。

22.解析:選A。2010年上海世博會(huì)為特指，前面用the;抽象名詞honour單純表示一種概念時(shí)是不可數(shù)名詞，但與a(an)連用時(shí)，抽象名詞具體化，就成為可數(shù)名詞。

23.解析:選C。考查名詞詞義辨析。句意為：——只要你在比賽中拿到第一名，你就能得到一部蘋(píng)果手機(jī)?！@是承諾嗎？我希望別讓我失望。trick詭計(jì)，欺騙；decision決定;決心;promise諾言，約定;goal目標(biāo)。

24.解析:選C?？疾槊~詞義辨析。句意為：到現(xiàn)在為止，我還沒(méi)有適應(yīng)東京快節(jié)奏的現(xiàn)代生活方式。step步驟；style風(fēng)格;pace步伐；步調(diào)；manner方式，風(fēng)格。

25.解析:選B。amusement的讀音是以元音開(kāi)頭的，且后面的park為單數(shù)形式，故用an。

第四篇：名詞冠詞高考題專(zhuān)練

淮安市新馬高級(jí)中學(xué)2013屆高三英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)講義

名詞冠詞

1.名詞主要考查的知識(shí)點(diǎn)：

(1)名詞的詞義辨析

(2)可數(shù)名詞單、復(fù)數(shù)變化形式

(3)不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)

(4)名詞所有格

(5)名詞作定語(yǔ)

2.冠詞主要考查的知識(shí)點(diǎn)：

(1)定冠詞的用法

(2)不定冠詞的基本用法。

(3)零冠詞的用法

(4)用冠詞與不用冠詞的特定情況

(5)冠詞的幾個(gè)特殊位置

2007年高考題

1.(2007北京卷)I looked under ______ bed and found _______ book I lost last week.A.the;aB.the: theC.不填;theD.the;不填

2.(2007福建卷)—How about __________ Christmas evening party?

—I should say it was __________ success.A.a;aB.The;aC.a;不填D.the;不填

3.(2007湖南卷)Polar bears live mostly on __________ sea ice, which they use as __________ platform for hunting seals.A.a;aB.a;theC.不填;aD.the;不填

4.(2007江蘇卷)We have every reason to believe that __________ 2008 Beijing Olympic Games will be __________ success.A.不填;aB.the;不填C.the;aD.a;a

5.(2007江西卷)Many people have come to realize that they should go on ________ balanced diet and make ________ room in their day for exercise.A.a;不填B.the;aC.the;theD.不填;a

6.(2007全國(guó)II)—Could you tell me the way to __________ Johnsons, please?

—Sorry, we don’t have __________ Johnson here in the village.A.the;theB.the;aC.不填;theD.the;不填

7.(2007山東卷)_______ walk is expected to last all day, so bring __________ packed lunch.A.A;aB.The;不填C.The;aD.A;不填

8.(2007陜西卷)In __________ film Cast Away.Tom Hanks plays __________ man named Chuck Noland.A.a;theB.the;aC.the;theD.a;a

9.(2007四川卷)How about taking __________ short break? I want to make __________ call.A.the;aB.a;theC.the;theD.a;a

10.(2007天津卷)I wanted to catch __________ early train, but couldn’t get __________ ride to the station.A.an, theB.不填, theC.an, 不填D.the, a

2008年高考題

1.(2008安徽)To save some of the human languages before they are forgotten, the students in our school started a discussion “Save Our _____”.A.SkyB.LifeC.ArtsD.Voices

2.(2008福建)What's the ____ of having a public open space where you can't eat, drink or even simply hang out for a while?

A.senseB.matterC.caseD.opinion

3.(2008湖北)The young man made a ______to his parents that he would try to earn his own living after graduation.A.predictionB.promiseC.planD.contribution

4.(2008湖北)The top leaders of the two countries are holding talks in a friendly_____.A.atmosphereB.stateC.situationD.phenomenon

5.(2008江西)---Shall we go out for a walk?

---Sorry.This is not the right ____ to invite me.I am too tired to walk.A.momentB.situationC.placeD.chance

6.(2008山東)I bought a dress for only 10 dollars in a sale;it was a real ____.A.exchangeB.bargainC.tradeD.business

7.(2008天津)Many Chinese universities provided scholarships for students ____ financial aid.A.in favour ofB.in honour ofC.in face ofD.in need of

8.(2008天津)Most air pollution is caused by the burning of ___ like coal, gas and oil.A.fuelsB.articlesC.goodsD.products

9.(2008天津)At the railway station, the mother waved goodbye to her daughter until the train was _____.A.out of sightB.out of reachC.out of orderD.out of place

10.（2008浙江）Dogs have a very good ______ of smell and are often used to search for survivors in an earthquake.A.senseB.viewC.meansD.idea

2009年高考題

1.（09安徽）We can never expect _____bluer sky unless we create ______less polluted world.A.a;aB.a;theC.the;aD.the;the

2.（09北京）The biggest whale is ___ blue whale, which grows to be about 29 meters long—the height of ____ 9-story building.A.the;theB.a;aC.a;theD.the;a

3.（09江西）Some people fear that ________ air pollution may bring about changes in _______ weather around the world.A./;theB.the;/C.an;theD.the;a

4.（09海南）Let’s go to_______cinema-that’ll take your mind off the problem for

________while

A.the;theB.the;aC.a;theD.a;a

5.（09陜西）What________pity that you couldn’t be there to receive_________prize!

A.a;aB.the;aC.a;theD.the;the

6.（09四川）In order to find _____ better job, he decided to study ______second foreign language.A.the;aB.a;aC.the;theD.a;the

7．（09浙江）I don’t understand what the engineer means, but I’ve got ______ rough idea of _____ project plan.A.the;aB.不填;theC.the;不填D.a;the

8.（09重慶）Washing machines made by China have won______worldwide attention and Haier has become________popular name.A.a;theB./;aC./;theD.the;a

9.（09全國(guó)2）What I need is_______book that contains_______ABC of oil painting.A.a;不填B.the;不填C.the;anD.a;the

2010年高考題

1.（10福建21）It’s ________ good feeling for people to admire the Shanghai World Expo that gives them __________ pleasure.A.不填, aB.a, 不填C.the, aD.a, the

2.（10山東22）If we sit near ______ front of the bus, we’ll have _______ better view.A.不填； theB.不填；aC.the;aD.the；the

3.（10江蘇21）The visitors here are greatly impressed by the fact that_______ people from all walks of life are working hard for_____ new Jiangsu.A.不填； aB.不填；theC.the； aD.the； the

4.（10遼寧22）There are over 58, 000 rocky objects in _______ space, about 900 of which could fall down onto _______ earth.A.the;theB.不填;theC.the;不填D.a;the

5.（10北京35）First impressions are the most lasting.After all, you never get _______ second chance to make _______ first impression.A.a;theB.the;theC.a;aD.the;a

6.（10重慶27）Everything comes with_______price;there is no such_______thing as free lunch in the world.A.a, aB.the, /C.the, aD.a, /

7.（10浙江2）Many lifestyle patterns do such _______great harm to health that they actually speed up ________weakening of the human body.A.a;/B./;theC.a;theD./;/

8.（10四川2）In ______most countries, a university degree can give you _____flying start in life.A.the;aB.the;不填C.不填;不填D.不填;a

2011年高考題

1.（2011?全國(guó)II）As he reached _____front door, Jack saw ______strange sight.A.the;不填B.a;theC.不填aD.the;a

2.（2011?陜西卷）As is know to all, _______People’s Republic of China is______ Biggest developing country in the world.A.the;不填B.不填 ；theC.the ；theD.不填；不填

3.（2011?四川卷）Dr.Peter Spemce, ________headmaster of the school,told us, _______fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.A.不填；AB.不填；TheC.the;TheD.a;A

4.（2011?江西卷）------It’s said John will be in a job paying over 860,00 _____ year

-----also get paid by _____ week.A.the;theB.a;theC.the;aD.a;a

5.（2011?全國(guó)新課標(biāo)卷）It is generally accepted that boy must learn to stand up and fight like man.A.a;aB.a;theC.the;theD.a;不填

6.（2011?浙江卷）Experts think that ____recently discovered painting may be _____ Picasso.A.the.不填B.a;theC.a;不填D.the;a

7.（2011?山東卷）Take your time-it’s just_____short distance from here to_____restaurant.A.不填；theB.a;theC.the;aD.不填；a

8.（2011?重慶卷）In communication, a smile is usually ___________ strong sign of a friendly and _______ open attitude.A.the, /B.a, anC.a, /D.the, an

2012年高考題

1.【2012江西卷】The Smiths don’t usually stay at few days at a very nice hotel by ________ sea.A．/;a B．the;the C．/;theD．the;a

2.【2012浙江卷】 _________________ The development of industry has been_______ gradual process throughout _______ human existence, from stone tools to modern technology.A.不填, theB.the;aC.a;不填D.a;a

3.【2012安徽卷】Carl is studyingfood science at college and hopes to open upmeatprocessing factory of his own one day.A./ ； aB./ ；theC.the;aD.the;the

4.【2012重慶卷】Sam has been appointed _______ manager of the engineering department to take ____ place of George.A./,/B.the,/C the theD./, the

5.【2012遼寧卷】 I woke up with bad headache, yet byevening the pain had gone.A.the;theB.the;anC.a;theD.a;an

6.【2012全國(guó)新課程】 A.不填；aB.a;theC.the;不填D.the;a

7.【2012山東卷】 Being able to afford _____ drink would be ______comfort in those tough times.A.the;theB.a;aC.a;不填D.不填；a

第五篇：初中冠詞 重點(diǎn)講解[推薦]

冠詞

(一)知識(shí)概要

冠詞在英語(yǔ)中只有3個(gè)詞，分為兩類(lèi)：不定冠詞a與an，定冠詞the。a用在以輔音開(kāi)始的單數(shù)名詞前，an用于以元音開(kāi)始的單詞前。不定冠詞用來(lái)表示一類(lèi)事物中泛指的某一事物，而定冠詞則用于特指的某一個(gè)或某些事物，可用于不可數(shù)名詞、可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)及可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)前。(二)正誤辨析

［誤］This building is an university.［正］This building is a university.［析］a用于以輔音音素開(kāi)始的單詞前，而an用于以元音音素開(kāi)始的單詞前，而不是元音字母開(kāi)頭的單詞前。university的第一個(gè)音素是［j］，所以用a而不要用an。又如：There is a “n” in the word.是錯(cuò)句，應(yīng)為：There is an “n”in the word.因字母n的發(fā)音的第一個(gè)音素是元音。要注意的還有hour因其第一個(gè)字母h不發(fā)音，所以應(yīng)該用an hour。例如：

I need an hour to finish the work.It is a useful dictionary.It is a European country.I bought a used car.［誤］I need a umbrella because it looks like raining.［正］I need an umbrella because it looks like raining.［析］因umbrella的第一個(gè)音素是元音，所以應(yīng)用an.常用的情況有：an old man, an English teacher, an elephant, an idea, an hour ago, an honest boy…。

［誤］“Can you help me” “Sorry, I'm in hurry.”［正］“Can you help me” “Sorry.I'm in a hurry.” ［析］不定冠詞的主要用法如下：

1.用來(lái)表示一類(lèi)人或事物，如：She is a teacher.2.指某一類(lèi)人或事物中的一個(gè)，如：An elephant is bigger than a horse.3.泛指某一人或事物，如：A man is waiting for you at the school gate.4.相當(dāng)于“one”的概念，如：I just bought a new dictionary.5.其主要的難點(diǎn)是用在固定詞組中：

如：have a walk/a rest /a look又如：in a hurry 匆匆忙忙make a face 作鬼臉do somebody a favour 幫某人忙

a number of =many又如：have a good time(玩得好)have a cold(感冒)have a headache(頭痛)have a break=have a rest 誤I bought the dictionary yesterday.A dictionary is very good.正：I bought a dictionary yesterday.The dictionary is very good.［析］在文章中第一次提到某物時(shí)用不定冠詞，而第二次提到時(shí)用定冠詞。

［誤］Please turn off lights before you leave.［正］Please turn off the lights before you leave.［析］雖然是第一次提到某物但說(shuō)話(huà)雙方均知其所指，也應(yīng)用定冠詞。

［誤］There are nine planets around a sun.［正］There are nine planets around the sun.［析］世上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的天體等名詞前應(yīng)加定冠詞，如：the earth, the moon, the sun, the sky, the sea.［誤］I live on a second floor of this building.［正］I live on the second floor of this building.［析］在序數(shù)詞，形容詞最高級(jí)前要用定冠詞。如：He is the oldest in the family.［誤］I want to learn the second language this term.［正］I want to learn a second language this term.［析］在序數(shù)詞的含意不是順序中的第一第二，而其意在于再學(xué)一個(gè)，再來(lái)一個(gè)時(shí)，應(yīng)用a，本句的意思應(yīng)為：這學(xué)期我要學(xué)一門(mén)第二外語(yǔ)。

［誤］Mississippi is one of the longest rivers in the world.［正］The Mississippi is one of the longest rivers in the world.［析］在河流名稱(chēng)前應(yīng)加定冠詞，如：the Yellow River(黃河)。

［誤］Look, there are Alp.［誤］Look, there are the Alp.［正］Look, there are the Alps.［析］具體的某一座山不加定冠詞，如：Mountain Tai.但在山名稱(chēng)前加定冠詞后，其山名要加s，來(lái)表示山脈。the Alps即為阿爾卑斯山脈。如:The Alps are in the center of Europe.［誤］Times is one of the oldest newspapers in the world.［正］The Times is one of the oldest newspapers in the world.［析］報(bào)刊名稱(chēng)前應(yīng)加定冠詞。

［誤］Rich are not always happy.［正］The rich are not always happy.［析］在形容詞前加定冠詞表示一類(lèi)人，而在姓的前面加定冠詞，姓后加s表示某一家，如：The turners are going to move to New York.［誤］I like to eat bread for breakfast.Bread sells in this shop is very good.［正］I like to eat bread for breakfast.The bread sells in this shop is very good.［析］物質(zhì)名詞特指時(shí)也應(yīng)加定冠詞。

［誤］The sun rises in east.［正］The sun rises in the east.［析］在方向、方位前應(yīng)用定冠詞in the east, in the west, in the north, in the south, in the direction 及in the past, in the future ［誤］Do you know who invented telephone［正］Do you know who invented the telephone ［析］在特定和專(zhuān)有事物或名稱(chēng)前要加定冠詞，

如：the English Channel 英吉利海峽the Panama Canal 巴拿馬運(yùn)河the Suez Canal 蘇伊士運(yùn)河 ［誤］Would you please buy some food for the supper［正］Would you please buy some food for supper ［析］泛指一日三餐前無(wú)定冠詞。

［誤］I like to climb the mountain in the autumn.［正］I like to climb the mountain in autumn.［析］一年四季前不用定冠詞，如：Spring is the best season in a year.［誤］Sometimes my parents come to school to see me.［正］Sometimes my parents come to the school to see me.［析］有些名詞被用作其本身原來(lái)所含目的時(shí)不加冠詞，如：go to school上學(xué)，leave school(輟學(xué))，after school(放學(xué))，但如果當(dāng)建筑物講時(shí)應(yīng)加冠詞，如例句中其父母來(lái)校不是上學(xué)，而是看望孩子，則要加定冠詞。又如，He was in hospital for two days.(他在醫(yī)院住院兩天了。)而：He went to the hospital to see his mother.他去醫(yī)院看望他的母親。

［誤］I bought a same dictionary as she bought.［正］I bought the same dictionary as she bought.［析］在慣用法the same, the only, the very前的定冠詞不可換為不定冠詞。

［誤］The police caught the thief by his arm.［正］The police caught the thief by the arm.［析］這是英文表達(dá)法與中文的明顯不同之處，也是初學(xué)者極易忽視之處。在英語(yǔ)中的某些動(dòng)詞，如：catch(抓)，take(拿)，strike(打),pat(拍)，hit(擊)，hold(握)，pull(拉)…動(dòng)詞后應(yīng)加人，再加介詞on, by, in, with…之后要加定冠詞，再加人體的某一部位。這時(shí)的定冠詞千萬(wàn)不要換作his, her, their, 等詞。［誤］He was paid by hour.［正］He was paid by the hour.［析］by和計(jì)量單位之間要有定冠詞。這句話(huà)應(yīng)譯為：他的工資是按小時(shí)計(jì)算的。

［誤］I went to New York by his car.［正］I went to New York by car.［正］I went to New York in his car.［析］by僅僅與交通工具相連表示應(yīng)用某種工具，而加了別的修飾詞后其前面的介詞也應(yīng)作相應(yīng)的轉(zhuǎn)換。如：by car(坐小汽車(chē))by taxi(坐出租車(chē))by bike(騎自行車(chē))by water(乘船)by air(乘飛機(jī))by sea(乘船)［誤］Mary began to learn how to play piano when she was three.［正］Mary began to learn how to play the piano when she was three.［析］在樂(lè)器前要加定冠詞，而在球類(lèi)游戲之前則不要加冠詞，如：They like to play bridge when they are free.(他們空閑時(shí)愛(ài)打橋牌)［誤］The little boy wanted to go to cinema.［正］The little boy wanted to go to the cinema.［析］英語(yǔ)中雖有一些名詞與go to連用時(shí)不加定冠詞，以表示該名詞的內(nèi)涵，如：go to school(上學(xué))，go to bed(睡覺(jué))等，但去看電影則例外，要用go to the cinema.這也是語(yǔ)言的一個(gè)特點(diǎn)。

［誤］I live at 105 the Lake street.［正］I live at 105 Lake Street.［析］街道名稱(chēng)前不用冠詞。 ［誤］Next summer holiday I will go to country to live on a farm.［正］Next summer holiday I will go to the country to live on a farm.［析］country既作國(guó)家講也作鄉(xiāng)村講。作鄉(xiāng)村講時(shí)，一定要加定冠詞，而且只有單數(shù)形式，作國(guó)家講時(shí)則可有復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：Japan is a country.Japan, China, India are Asian countries.［誤］The picture looks better at the distance.［正］The picture looks better at a distance.［析］at a distance意為“離開(kāi)一定距離”。而in the distance為“遠(yuǎn)方，遠(yuǎn)處”。這樣常用的詞組有：as a rule(照例)in a hurry(匆忙)in the morning/afternoon(上/下午)in the sun(在陽(yáng)光下)in the rain(雨中)in the same way(同樣)in the shade(在陰涼處)in the day time(白天)in the end(最終)on the other hand(換句話(huà)說(shuō))on the contrary(相反)［誤］The little boy and girl walk along the street a hand in a hand.［正］The little boy and girl walk along the street hand in hand.［析］這是英語(yǔ)中的習(xí)慣用法，如：bit by bit(逐漸)day after(by)day(一天又一天)day and night(日日夜夜)face to face(面對(duì)面)from A to Z(自始至終)from time to time(再三)hand in hand(手拉手)shoulder by shoulder(肩并肩)(三)例題解析

Mr.Li is＿＿＿ old worker.A a B an C some D /［答案］B.［析］an用于元音音素開(kāi)始的單詞前。

English is＿＿＿

useful language in ＿＿＿

world.A an, the

B a, the

C the, /

D

/,the［答案］B.［析］因useful的第一個(gè)音素是［j］，它是輔音音素。

What ＿＿＿

interesting book it is?A a

B an

C the

D

/［答案］B.［析］這是感嘆句，因?yàn)橐频皆话憔淝懊娴膹?qiáng)調(diào)部分中有可數(shù)名詞book,所以應(yīng)加冠詞，而interesting的第一音素是元音所以要加an。

He will be back in ＿＿＿ hour.A / B the C a D

an［答案］D.［析］因hour的首字母h不發(fā)音。

There is ＿＿＿ map in the classroom.＿＿＿

map is on the wall.A a, A

B the, The

C a, The

D the ,A ［答案］C.［析］在文章中首次提到某人或某物時(shí)用不定冠詞，而第二次再提到該物或人時(shí)應(yīng)用定冠詞。6

Look at＿＿＿ picture!There's＿＿＿ house in it.A a ,a

B the, the

C a, the

D

the, a［答案］D.［析］雖然是第一次提到，但在句中的語(yǔ)言是讓對(duì)方看某一特定的圖畫(huà)，所以應(yīng)選擇D。7

There is ＿＿＿ orange in the bottle.A a

B an

C

the

D /［答案］D.［析］這里的orange是指桔汁而不是一個(gè)個(gè)的桔子。

Beijing is ＿＿＿

capital of our country.A the

B an

C

/

D a［答案］A.［析］capital之后有of結(jié)構(gòu)則要用定冠詞。If you work hard at English, you'll get ＿＿＿ “A” in the test.A an

B /

C the D a［答案］A.［析］因字母A的第一音素是元音。

He usually goes to school on ＿＿＿ foot.A a B an C the D

/ ［答案］D.［析］on foot意為走路上學(xué)，是習(xí)慣用法。