第一篇：3-7重點詞匯

1.linger:

1)spend a long time doing sth.磨蹭，e.g.My daughter used to linger long over her meal.There will be no time to linger —

the press conference will begin in a few minutes.2)stay for a long time, esp.because one does not want to leave 留戀，徘徊

e.g.This a dreary（沉悶的，枯燥的）little town

where few people would choose to linger.He was still lingering around the stadium long after the game was over.2.scar: a mark left on the skin by a wound, burn, etc.after it has healed 傷疤

e.g.It is easy to recognized the little boy because he has a scar on his left arm.The witness told the police that the criminal had a scar on his forehead.vt.leave a scar on給…留下疤痕

e.g.The burns were so severe that he will be scarred for life.His face was scarred by smallpox.（牛痘）

3.So, too, do the voices of those who …: The voices of those who … also echo in his soul.4.dignity: the quality of being worthy of honor or respect 尊嚴

e.g.A physician shall be dedicated to providing competent medical service

with compassion and respect for human dignity.Some think that cloned human beings will be deprived of

freedom or dignity or personal identity.They hold on to the faith that the value of life depends on its dignity and not its success.5.cripple:

1)cause to become unable to move or walk properly 使跛，使受傷致殘

e.g.At the beginning of the year 2000 crippled children were on state lists to receive care.Peter’s father was crippled by a stroke.（中風）

2)damage or harm(sb./sth.)seriously 損壞；嚴重削弱

e.g.Shootings and robberies of tourists over the past several years

had crippled the tourist industry in Miami.The terrorists’ attacks has not crippled the US economy.6.betray: show a lack of loyalty to;give or show sb./sth.to an enemy 背叛，出賣 e.g.According to the Gospels of Matthew and Mark,（馬修和馬太福音）

greed made Judas betray Jesus to the chief priest for 30 pieces of silver.He was accused of betraying his country during the war.7.gain on: come closer to, esp.a rival or sth.pursued 逼近，接近

e.g.Hurry up — they are gaining on us!

She was gaining on he opponents throughout the race,but only overtook them at the very end.8.tremble: shake from cold, fear, weakness, etc.顫抖

e.g.Her hands grew very cold and trembled so that she could hardly hold the flag.Madison was extremely pale and trembled excessively

as he began his inaugural address.（就職演講，開幕詞）

For much of the day the pavements tremble from the weight of passing traffic.9.kick up:(cause to)rise 踢起，揚起；升高

e.g.The horse kicked up a cloud of dust.The boys kicked up the leaves

that lay thick upon the ground with the coming of autumn.10.tilt:(cause to)move into a sloping position（使）傾斜

e.g.The pilot can tilt the helicopter forward, backward or to either side.In the northern hemisphere(半球), the sun climbs high in the sky

and the days are long in summer,where the northern end of the earth’s axis（軸）is tilted toward the sun.n.傾斜 The amount of daylight in a day varies throughout the year,based on the tilt of Earth’s axis.11.lean:(cause to)be in a sloping position;bend 傾斜；倚靠 v

e.g.He leaned his bike against the wall.She leaned over the bridge to look at the boats passing beneath it.a.producing little of value;containing little or no fat 收益少的；瘦的e.g.The company has apparently recovered from several lean years.The recession（不景氣）and lean state budgets continue to trouble school officials.We like to eat lean and tender meat.（嫩的）

12.delivery:

1)the process of birth 分娩

體力活

In the end, it was an easy delivery: a fine baby boy.2)the delivering of letters, goods, etc.投遞；運送

letters, and other shipments within the United States and worldwide.聯邦快遞公司

Most newspapers offer home delivery.13.section: any of the parts into which sth.is divided 部分

e.g.This article consists of ten major sections.Newspapers typically have sections for local news,sports, arts and entertainment, business, and classified advertising.14.disorder: disturbance of the normal working of the body or mind;

lack of order（機能）失調；混亂

e.g.Severe vitamin and mineral deficiencies can lead to mental disorders.that treats disorders by inserting needles under the skin.The school authorities took immediate action to stop campus violence and disorder.15.transfer: move from one place to another 調動，轉移

transfer sth./ sb.(from … to)

e.g.Transferring Peter from Tokyo to Boston office was a smart idea.Power was transferred from President to the Vice President

while the President received medical treatment.Commercial airports are designed to transfer passengers and freight貨運 to and from aircraft.Credits earned at junior colleges could be transferred to another institution

where students could complete their final years of college.16.limitation: lack of ability 缺陷；局限 due to the limitations of battery technology.As a student he recognized his limitations, but did little to improve himself.17.apply for: make a formal request for 申請

e.g.I applied for five jobs before I was offered this one.According to the school regulations students will have to apply for permission to study abroad.18.representative: a person who represents others 代表

e.g.Egypt, Israel, and the representatives of the Palestinian people

will participate in negotiations on the resolution of the Palestinian problem.巴勒斯坦問題的決議

匯聚巴黎參加地球峰會（最高級會談）

19.literature:

1)printed material used to advertise or promote a product 宣傳資料

e.g.My friend is sending me literature from two other companies

that provide a similar service.2)writings that are valued as works of art 文獻；文學作品

e.g.Many readers consider the novel the most flexible type of literature.offers master’s or doctoral degree programs 研究生院 人文學科

as history, chemistry, physics, and literature.20.pledge: a solemn promise 保證；許諾

e.g.The boy made a pledge to get straight A’s at the end of the semester.They made a pledge to accomplish the task.vt.pledge to do sth.e.g.Member nations of the UN pledge to settle their disputes peacefully

（克制）有害垃圾

21.retail: the practice of selling goods in small quantities to the general public 零售

e.g.Wal-mart is a company that operates a variety of retail chain stores.Department stores refer to large retail stores selling many商品，貨物

22.transit: passage through or across;a system of urban public transportation

通行，過境；公共交通運輸系統

e.g.Our fleet made the transit through Panama Canal without any difficulty.The president wants to improve the nation’s highways and mass transit systems.23.strain: injure(the body or the part of it)or make it weak by too much effort 損傷；使勞損 e.g.Swimming does not strain joints and connective tissue 結締組織

as much as many other forms of exercises.He strained his back when he removed the piano with his friends.n.a severe damage on mental or physical strength, resources, abilities, etc.(followed by on)重負，壓力

e.g.Some young white collar workers are complaining about their job strain.She has been under terrible strain since her company was bankrupted.The vast expansion膨脹，擴充 in college education

is putting an enormous strain on the system.24.useless: not fulfilling the intended purpose 無用的，無效的e.g.Preventing the country from purchasing oil crippled its army

and made its navy and air force completely useless.of formerly fertile land into barren and economically useless wasteland.耕作過度

25.limb: a leg or an arm;a large branch of tree 肢；腿；臂；樹枝

e.g.The small size and weight of dogs’ feet and limbs require less energy to move.No attempt should be made to move broken limbs until medical help arrives.The flag was hanging from the limb of a big tree.26.off balance: in as unsteady position or about to fall 不平衡

e.g.The motorcycle knocked him off balance and he fell down on the ground.The sudden pull threw me off balance.27.territory: land a country controls or owns 領土

e.g.The government denied that any of its territory is under rebel control.A country’s embassy in a foreign country is considered its own territory.28.on the phone: be talking to sb.using the phone 在打電話

e.g.Please wait outside for a moment;the manager is on the phone.She is always on the phone, wanting to know her husband has been up to.29.register: 1)be recognized or noted mentally 被注意到

e.g.On occasions what I said didn’t register in my daughter’s brain.The professor’s name didn’t register with the students.2)record a name, an event, etc.for official purposes 登記，注冊

e.g.The new student were told that they must register with the University批準

The newly purchased apartment is registered in her name, not her husband’s.30.laundry: clothes or sheets, etc.that have been or need to be washed洗好（或待洗）的衣服e.g.The new model washing machine offers numerous settings

for washing different types and quantities of laundry.A good deal of laundry had accumulated during the past two weeks,as our washing machine didn’t work.31.profitable: bringing profit or advantage 有利可圖的；有益的 有價證券 when profitable opportunities arise.The trade of opium, a highly profitable product for British merchants

and eventually an illegal import into China, led to the opium Wars.I didn’t find the talk very profitable.On the contrary, I thought it was nonsense.32.off one’s feet: no longer standing 躺著；坐著

e.g.After the operation the old man had to stay off his feet.The doctor checked his left foot carefully and said

he would have to stay off his feet for about two weeks.33.commission: money paid to sb.for selling goods which increases with the quantity of goods

sold 傭金，回扣

e.g.If a salesperson is paid on commission,the amount they receive depends on the amount they sell.影印機，復印機

34.surgery: treatment of injuries or diseases by cutting or removing parts of the body 外科手術e.g.People practiced surgery since ancient times,but it did not become a respected science until 19th century.Surgery is the fastest and most effective treatment for tumors that are detected early.35.be laid up(with): stay in bed, be unable to work（因…）臥床休養；無法工作 重感冒

The football player was laid up with a twisted knee.36.signature: a person’s name written by herself or himself 簽名

e.g.In law, signatures are put at the end of a legal instrument to show that it is valid.有效的立遺囑者

and such a mark is considered a valid signature.37.in time: punctually, not too lat;eventually 及時；最終

e.g.The couple have just arrived in time for lunch.She set the alarm so she would wake up in time to go to school.38.go off:(of electric power, a light, etc.)stop functioning or operating 停止；熄滅 e.g.All the lights suddenly went off and the stadium was plunged into darkness.I didn’t sleep well last night as all the heating went off.

第二篇：重點場景詞匯短語整理

重點場景詞匯短語整理.doc 重點場景詞匯短語

一、Campus life 校園生活（短對話及長對話重點）

12年12月出現的重要表達： take turns to make presentation（輪流做演示）12年6月真題中出現的新考點：tuition 學費

1、作業詞匯：assignment/assigned book(指定書目 10年6月第11題)paper essays（07-6聽寫答案）book/research report composition 作文 textbook教科書/reference book參考書(07-6聽寫答案)copy 副本

搭配作業的一些常見表達：

be through with sth 結束，完成（四次考到）due 到期

have sb's hands full with sth 忙于做某事（兩次考到）narrow down the topic 細化題目(兩次考到)

2、課程形式詞匯：

seminar（06-

6、07-6-詞匯，研討會）

原句： do you have the seminar schedule with you?（你有研討會的日程表么？）

optional course/elective（選修課）evening/day course(晚間/白天課程 09-12詞匯)compulsory course/requirement（必修課）presentation（多次考到，展示或演示課）

搭配詞匯: hardly/barely stay awake（無法保持清醒。三次考到，最新10-6考點)tutoring service 一對一輔導課程

最新課程名稱

advanced physics(高級物理)data processing(數據處理)computer programming(計算機程序)biology 生物 Statistics 統計學課程 Psychological counseling 心理咨詢

3、名稱

freshman(大一)sophomore（大二）junior（大三）senior（大四）(05年考點)graduate(畢業生)undergraduate（在校生，本科生）postgraduate（多次考到，研究生）

tutor(導師)graduate school（研究生院）

4、圖書館 重點

（1）.書籍：journal 學術類刊物（08-6）

原句：did you check the pile of the journals you borrowed for the library the other day?(你查過那一摞頭幾天從圖書館借來的學刊了么？)volume 卷 current/back issue 現/過刊 periodical 期刊（2）.人物：librarian 圖書管理員

二、Job hunting 求職(長對話重點)recommendation 推薦（11-12）

short list 候選人名單（2010-12）job vacancy 職位空缺（2010-12）job applicant candidate 候選人（多次考到）apply for application（2008/09/10）

Position/post（多次考到。職位）resume(簡歷，注意發音，多次考到)recruit（連續考到。招聘）reputation(多次考到）resign（辭職，多次考到）

benefit(package)（福利，兩次考到）paid vacation（帶薪假期）social security（美國的社會保險）relocation expenses（異地補償費用）phased retirement(08-12 階段性退休)be laid off(解雇 09-12考點)hotel consultant(08-6 酒店咨詢)sales manager（08-12 銷售經理）Administrative work（08-12 行政工作）2008-6 the job will involve much train travel(工作中會經常有火車旅行的機會)tell me about your present job...2008-12 There were about 20 candidates competing for the sales manager's job.And finally it was down to three of us, but the other two seemed better qualified（合格）.(20個候選人競爭銷售經理的職位。最后就剩我們三個了，不過那兩個人看起來勝算更大。)promotion（09-6/12連續考到）2009-6 I heard about your promotion, you must be thrilled.(我聽說你升職了，你開心死了吧)not really, the new office is huge,but the work load has doubled.（也不見得，新辦公室挺大的，但是工作量也翻倍了）

2009-12 Aren’t you disappointed that you didn’t get the promotion? 2010-06 19.C)It enables him to apply theory to practice 能夠讓他把理論應用于實際

22.A)Getting along well with colleagues 與同事和睦相處

2010-12 25 C)Send in a written applicaon as soon as possible 盡快發來書面申請

2011-6 25 B what does the man say contribute the success of the business？（男士說是什么造就了他商業的成功）

2011-12 what position in the company appeals to you most? 職位最吸引你的是什么？

2012-12 he is tied up in meetings.他忙于開會

三、機場（飛機上）次重點 1．機場地點

Security check（安檢處）Gate（登機口）Terminal（航站樓）Check-in counter（換票柜臺）Customs（海關）

2.機場人物

Airhostess/stewardess（空姐）steward（空哥、空少）flight attendant（飛機乘務員）3.飛機動作

Take off/land（起飛、降落）ascend/descend（上升、下降）postpone/delay/cancel（推遲、延遲、取消）

最近題目例句：（2007－12）

I hope you are packed and ready to leave.（我希望你已經打包完畢準備出發了）

I have packed my passport in one of my bags.（我把護照裝在一個包里了）

四、餐廳

11年12月最新考點：

recommendation 推薦 be allergic to 過敏 1．點菜：

Order menu wine list（酒單）alcohol steak French Fries（薯條）2.埋單：

Check the bill please!（埋單）Treat（請客）split the bill（分開付）

五、酒店

2010-6 washing-up 洗碗工作 2007－6/12 Reservation（高頻詞,預定）honeymoon suite（07年6月詞匯，蜜月套間）hotel clerk（07年6月詞匯，等于receptionist）discount(07年6月詞匯, 折扣)continental breakfast（07年6月詞匯，免歐式早餐）

六、新內容：減肥與健康（自09年起至10年12月多次出現）gym 健身房

overweight=out of shape 胖 dieting 節食 lose weight 減肥 slim 苗條 larger waist 腰有些肥（可以指人也可以指服裝）physical training 身體鍛煉

weight-lifting 舉重

補充：四六級聽力主題高頻詞匯

一、學生生活場景 1．教育相關詞匯

graduate school 研究生院 business degree 商學位 higher education 高等教育 adult education 成人教育 undergraduate 本科生 postgraduate 研究生 universal education 普及教育 2．圖書館場景

online catalogue 網上圖書一覽表 reference material 參考資料 reference desk 咨詢處 catalogue 目錄 index 索引 reference stacks 書庫

delivery/circulation desk 借書處 date of expiry/deadline 期限 due 應付費 overdue 過期 pay a fine 交罰款 renew 續借 on loan 借出的 reserve/book 欲借

in circulation 在書庫里 out of circulation 借走了

periodical journals 定期刊物 current/back issue 最新/過期的 bibliography 書目 on the shelf 在書架上 paper back平裝 hard back 精裝

librarian 圖書館長 information desk 咨詢臺 3．課程作業談論

read it through the way 按章節順序讀

read books from cover to cover 完整地讀完一本書 brush up on 溫習keep drifting away 走神

attend a lecture 上課 take sb.out of sth.說服某人不干某事 seminar shedule 論文安排 take the course 選課 narrow it down 縮小 fill up 課程人數已滿

information science 信息科學 online education 網絡教育 term paper 學期論文 assignments 作業

poll 民意測驗 presentation 針對某一專題發表的演講 class list 班級人名列表 get frozen up 僵住 an extra copy 額外的復印本 lecture notes 課堂筆記 fill sb.in 給某人補課 schedule/school timetable 課程表 individual study 自習individual coaching/tutorial 個別指導 attendance/participation 出勤率 miss a class 缺課 cut a class 曠課

course arrangement 課程安排 application form 申請表 assessment 綜合評估 extension 延期 at least 150 words at length 至少150字

fixed answer 固定答案 specialized course 專業課

required course 必修課 optional/selective course 選修課 basic course 基礎課 4.教授評價相關

office hour 教授與學生面談時間 office hour 坐班時間 be lost/be all at sea/in the dark 聽不懂 figure out/make sense/follow words 聽懂 drop off 放棄 doze off 打瞌睡

associate professor 副教授 lecturer 講師 punctual/prompt 不遲到 run over time 5．考試相關談論

credit system 學分制 mark/score/grade 分數 blue-book 考卷 report card 成績單 open-book exam 開卷考試 pop test 抽考 passing/failing grade（不）及格 quiz 小測驗 be backed up 堆積作業 make up the exam 補考 6．校園生活場景

housing office 住宿辦公室 tuition 學費

dormitory deposit 宿舍保證金 live off campus 搬出校園 director of student housing 學生住宿經理 security office 安全管理處 room and board 食宿 school dining hall 學生食堂 canteen 食堂 cafeteria 自助餐廳 accommodation 住宿 lounge 大廳 gymnasium體育館

auditorium 禮堂 orientation program 新生訓練

teaching facilities 教學設施 assistantship(大學)研究生助教獎學金 scholarship 獎學金 after-school activities 課外活動 voluntary labor 義務勞動 register/enroll 登記、報到 admissions office 招生辦 school discipline 校紀 a grant-aided student 領助學金的學生

registration form 注冊表 teaching building 教室 locker room 更衣室 new students enrollment 新生報道處 recreation center 娛樂室 opening ceremony 開學典禮 expel sb.from school 開除 letter of recommendation 推薦信 the student union 學生會 graduation appraisal 畢業評估 graduation ceremony 畢業典禮

二、工作、生活場景 1．工作選擇場景

job resume 工作簡歷 be impressive 印象深刻 first impression 第一印象 hand in resume 投簡歷

drop off resume/CV 投簡歷 help-wanted section 招工廣告欄 want ad 招聘廣告 an assistant director 助理

a teacher certificate 教師資格證 job-hunting 找工作 job interview 工作面試 application letter 求職信 position/post/offer/vacancy/opening 職位 accept /take the post 接受 turn down/refuse 拒絕

experience in the post 職業經驗 professional expertise 專業技能 be equally competent for job 同樣能夠勝任工作 easy to get along with 容易與人相處

self-confidence 自信 full scope to show one’s ability 完全發揮個人能力

TA(teaching assistant)助教 RA(research assistant)研究助理 stack of papers 成堆的文件 further talk 進一步談判 immediate boss 直接上司 clerk/office worker 辦公室人員 night shift 夜班 seasonal unemployment 季節性失業 dismissal 開除、解雇 overtime/extra time 加班 2． 相關工作談論

admission office 招生辦公室 target reader 目標讀者 bring her ability into full play 發揮她能力方面的優勢 come up with the name 起名字

pop out of her childhood dreams 從她童年的夢中找到靈感 a large international company 大型外企

right candidate for this position 職業的合適候選人 head broker 經紀人經理 stock market 股票市場

deal with the clients on the daily basis 與底層的客戶打交道 paid vacation 帶薪假 personnel department 人事部 public relation 公關 job prospect 職業前景

marketing director 銷售經理 stay competitive 保持競爭力 human resources 人力資源 commercials 商業廣告 recruit graduate students 招聘研究生 switch work time 調整工作時間 pay your own way 為你的選擇付出代價

三、家庭生活場景 1． 租房談判詞匯 make a mess 弄臟

cut down on their living expenses 削減生活開支 have an apartment for rent 有房出租

welcome any time by appointment 預約后隨時歡迎 save the trip 縮短路程 book a hotel 預定旅館、housing developers 房地產開發商 housing coordinator 房屋中介 dispose 定金 deposit 押金 enrolment 登記注冊 landlord 房東 tenant 房客 landlady 房東太太 property 房產 2．住房格局詞匯

honeymoon suite 蜜月套房 basement 地下室 shared kitchen 公用廚房 living room 客廳 balcony 陽臺 single room 單人間 share room 共用房間 double room 雙人間 twin-bed room 有兩張單人床的雙人房 double-bed room 有一張雙人床的雙人房 bedroom 臥室 entrance hall 門廳，大堂 porch 走廊 shared social area 公用空間 3．住房家具詞匯

air conditioner available 有空調 furnace/stove 爐子 switch 開關 cupboard 碗柜 heater 熱水器 curtain/drape 窗簾 sheet 床單 pillow 枕頭 mat 席子 mattress 床墊 chest 柜子 couch 沙發 rug 小地毯 carpet 地毯 shower 淋浴

4．住房周邊設施詞匯

two blocks from home 離房子有兩個街區 surroundings 環境 downtown area 市區 laundry 洗衣店 rural areas 鄉村 suburban area 郊區

四、公共生活場景 1．交通場景

spot a place to park the car 找地方泊車 a parking space 停車位 speeding 超速行駛 crash into 撞上 fall off 墜落

overtake the truck ahead of him 超過前面的卡車 non-stop train 直達火車 a dining car 餐車 subway entrance 地鐵入口 break down 拋錨 flat tire 爆胎 rush hour 高峰期 traffic jam 堵車 garage 修車場 give sb.a ride/lift/hitchhiker 搭車 shuttle bus 班車 tow away 拖走 pay a fine 罰款 2.餐廳場景

watch my weight 關注我的體重 make it to the bar 及時到酒吧赴約 dessert 甜點 steak 牛排 fried food 快餐 tips 小費

eat out/full/ stuffed/ done 吃飽了 snack bar 快餐小吃店 take-away 外賣 vegetable salad 蔬菜沙拉

delicious/tasty/terrific 好吃 horrible/awful/disgusting難吃 3． 銀行場景

bank book 存折 open an account 開戶

earn interest 賺取利息 savings account 儲蓄存款賬戶 current account 活期存款賬戶 check account 支票帳戶 deposit account 定期存款賬戶 annual interest rate 年利率 monthly interest account 按月計息賬戶 daily interest account 按天計息賬戶

instant account 速成戶頭 service charge 服務費/手續費 signature card 簽名卡 withdraw 提款 blank check 空白支票 exchange rate 匯率

第三篇：電子商務英語重點詞匯

商務英語翻譯

II.請翻譯下列標識語。（1）

（1）

Left Baggage

行李寄存

（2）

Photography and video are not permitted inside the building 樓內禁止拍照、錄像

（3）

Foreign Exchange(Services)外幣兌換（服務

（4）

Particulars Of Membership 僅限會員（入內/使用）

（5）

Customers Lounges

旅客休息室

標識的語言特點

1.大量使用名詞短語、動詞短語或動名詞http://www.tmdps.cn/

具有指示、說明性質的標識往往使用名詞短語，以直接、準確無誤地傳達特定信息。如Fast Lane快行道、Conference Centre會議中心、Food & Beverage餐飲部、Business Centre商務中心、Road Work正在施工、Tollgate收費站、Check-in登記入住、Baggage Office行李房等。而具有強制、限制性質的標識大多使用動名詞或祈使句，以將公眾的注意力集中在所要求采取的行動上。如No Spitting嚴禁隨地吐痰、Please Do Not Disturb 請勿打擾、Mind the Gap注意站臺縫隙、Please Use Revolving Door請使用旋轉門、Beware Obstruction小心障礙。在翻譯過程中我們也應采用相應的名詞短語或祈使句句式，力求在語氣、信息度等方面做到較好的匹配。

2.文筆凝練、措辭精確

標識多省略冠詞、代詞、助動詞等，僅使用實詞、核心詞匯，以供人們在最短的時間了解最準確、最直接的信息。從詞匯方面來看，盡量減少復雜詞匯和多種時態的動詞；從句型方面考慮，簡單明了的祈使句是標識用語常用的句型。標識語的字數往往精簡到最低限度，如City Bus Only市內公共汽車專用、Post-paid郵資已付、Danger危險、Admission Free免票入場、Beverage Not Included酒水另付等，只需短短兩三個單詞就表明了意思。此外，標識用語有時甚至會借用一些簡單的字母或數字代替單詞，例如：4 SALE出售、Merry X’mas圣誕快樂，等等。

3.具有很強的規約性

由于歷史沿革和語言文化習慣等因素，很多標識用語的翻譯都已約定俗成，不宜隨意變更。如“油漆未干”可能會被譯作“The paint is not dry.”或“The paint is wet.”，這些譯法雖然從語法來講完全正確，但容易造成理解上的障礙或不便，因此不宜采用。事實上，這個標識語 “地道”的譯法是“Wet Paint”，既簡潔明了又完全符合英美人的語言習慣。類似的例句還有“雙向行駛”、“遠離火源”，分別譯為“Two Way” 和“Keep Fire Away”。在標識語翻譯中，譯者應多留意英美國家常用的規范標準的標識用語，盡量使用和漢語標識相應的、地道得體的英語語匯進行翻譯。

4.使用大寫字母，省略標點符號

如STOP、EXIT、DEAD END等，漢譯英時，英文需大寫。

5.語言運用力求引人注目。

尤其是商業標識(Business Signs)及店鋪的招牌(Signboard)，更要追求夸張的效果。例如EOM(End of Month)Sale月終大廉價、Grand Sale/Bargain Sale大甩賣、Big Price Plunge大削價，等等。

標識的翻譯

II.標識的翻譯技巧（2）1.去繁從簡

在特定的語境中，某些標識在被翻譯成另一種語言時，其語用的含義比詞語本身的含義更重要。這時，譯者應刪除繁瑣部分，僅保留足以傳達標識語功能和目的的詞匯。例如：“青島是我家，清潔靠大家”常被譯作 “Qingdao is our home, its cleanness depends on all of us”。從表面上看，該譯法似乎說得過去，字字忠實于原文。但仔細分析不難發現，該譯法明顯受中文表達習慣的影響，不僅累贅，而且容易讓外籍人士產生困惑。正確的翻譯應該是“Keep Our City Clean”。該譯法既簡潔凝練，又意圖明確。類似地，“注意安全，請勿攀爬單邊墻”（Pay attention to your safety, don’t climb the single wall.），“遇到火災，勿用電梯”（When there is a fire，don’t use the elevator!）就可以相應地簡化為 “No Climbing!”，“Don’t use the elevator in case of fire!”。

2.遵從習慣，使用規范標準的標識語

標識用語具有很強的規約性。受語言習慣的影響，很多標識語的翻譯都已約定俗成，不宜隨意改動。例如：我們外出常見到的“小草微微笑，請你走便道”、“請勿踐踏”等標識語就不能生硬地譯為“Little grass is smiling slightly, please walk on pavement.”，而要按照英語的習慣直接翻譯成“Keep Off the Grass”。再比如：“前方修路，請慢駕駛”和“該路段為單行道”可以按英語習慣分別翻譯為“Road Work Ahead”和“One-Way”。

3.程式化套譯

英文標識語的結構比較固定，程式化的套語運用廣泛，因此翻譯時可以采用程式化套譯。例如表達“禁止做某事”可以套譯為“No+名詞或動名詞”的形式，如禁止掉頭No U Turn、禁止入內No Admittance、禁止停車No Parking、禁止吸煙No Smoking等；表示“專用”，可以采用“名詞+Only”的形式，如貴賓專用VIP Only、兒童專用Children Only等；表示“請勿做某事”，可以采用“Do Not +動詞”的表達方式，如請勿觸摸Do Not Touch、請勿扔垃圾Do Not Litter等。4.反面著筆http://www.tmdps.cn/

英漢兩種語言在邏輯思維方面存在著差異，在翻譯時，可從反面著筆把原意表達出來。標識語的翻譯可以通過這種方法成功地實現漢英轉化。如“請勿將頭伸出窗外”翻譯為“Keep Head Inside Vehicle”而不是正面表達為“Don’t put your head out of the window.”。再比如：請勿觸摸Hands Off、無煙商場Smoking Free Store、工地危險，禁止入內Danger，Building Site，等等。

商用標識的翻譯

下面分類介紹商用標識的翻譯。商用標識的范圍很廣，總體上可以分為商務出行標識、商場標識、企業標識等。

商務出行標識（Business Travel Signs）商場促銷標識（Promoting Signs）企業標識（Company Signs）

商務出行標識（Business Travel Signs）

商務出行涉及商務交通、商務住宿等各個方面。因此，交通標識、商務住宿標識就成為商務出行標識的主要內容。

交通標識包括道路指示牌、交通安全提示牌、限時限速的指示牌等等。以下是一些常見的交通標識：

Avoid the Jams 避免交通堵塞 Airport Lounges 機場休息室

Airports Shuttle 機場班車 Arrivals 進港

Bus Stand 公共汽車停車處

Check In Area(Zone)辦理登機區 Customers Lounges 旅客休息室

Certain stations are closed on public holidays.假日某些車站關閉 Dangerous Bend 彎道危險

Diverted Traffic 交叉路口

Departure Time 離港時間

Departure Times On Reverse 返航時間

Departures 出港 Destination Airport 到達機場 Entry To Motorway 高速入口 Exit To All Routes 各通道出口 Flight Connections 轉機處

In case of fire, stay in vehicle 如遇火警，請呆在車內 Inquiries/Assistance 問訊處

Keep your belongings with you at all times 隨時照看好你的物品 Left Junction 左交叉口

Low Bridge Ahead 前方橋低

No Stopping at Any Time任何時間不準停車 Left Baggage 行李寄存 Luggage from Flights 到港行李

Luggage Reclaim 行李提取

No Parking in Front of This Gate 門前禁止停車

Pedestrian Crossing 人行橫道

Please Keep Gateways Clear 請保持過道暢通 Parking Permitted 允許停車 Passport Control 入境檢查

Please leave your luggage with you at all times 請隨身攜帶你的行李 Road Closed 此路封閉

Return Fares 往返票價

Speed Limit of 48kmh 限速每小時48公里 Strictly No Parking 嚴禁停車

These seats are meant for elderly and handicapped persons&women with child.老人、殘疾人及抱小孩的婦女專座 Toilet Engaged 廁所有人

When the bus is moving, do not speak to the driver.汽車行駛中，嚴禁與司機交談

Welcome Aboard 歡迎登機 Single or Return Tickets Only 單程或往返程票 Cancellation 取消

DND=Do Not Disturb 請勿打擾 Extremely Well Equipped 設施配備精良 Fully Centrally Heated 中央暖氣全部開放 Function Room 宴會廳

Food and Beverage Department 餐飲部

Front Office Reception前臺辦公室

Housekeeping Department 客房部

Indoor Swimming Pool 室內游泳池 Lobby Bar 大堂吧

Laundry 洗衣部 Morning Call 叫醒服務

Night Porter on Duty 夜間有行李搬運服務生 Night Club 夜總會

OOO=Out of Order 已壞 Reservation 訂房部 Room Service 送餐部

Stay a minimum of 3 nights and receive 1 extra night free 最少住三晚，另外免費一晚

Tea/Coffee making facility in all bedrooms 所有臥室配有沏茶和煮咖啡的設施 tips=To Insure Prompt Service 小費 VIP=Very Important Person 貴賓

Waiting List 等候名單

Standard Room 標準間

商場促銷標識（Promoting Signs）

商場促銷標識主要指商場里面一些特價通知、樓層商品公告等相關信息。以下是一些常見的商場促銷標識：

50% Off on Selected Lines 部分商品降半價

Accessories & Spares Delivered to Your Door 配件送貨上門 As Many Repairs As You Need, Free of Charge 隨時免費維修 Best Choice and Best Discounts 最佳選擇，最大優惠 Big Sale 大甩賣

Brighter Shopping, Brighter Prices 明智的購物，透明的價格 Buy One and Get Anyone Free 買一贈一

Closing Sale 關門大甩賣

Customer care is our top priority 顧客至上 Final Clear Out 清倉大甩賣

Free Delivery to Your Door 免費送貨上門 Offer is subject to availability 現貨優惠，賣完為止 Sale at Breakdown Price 跳樓價甩賣

Save Up to 40%

6折優惠

Savings and Discounts all Around the Store 店內所有商品均削價處理

Special Offer 特價

Try Before You Buy 先試后買

企業標識（Company Signs）

企業標識主要指用于企業對外宣傳和內部的一些標識，包括企業部門的名稱、警示語等各個方面。以下是一些常見的企業標識：

Advertising Department 廣告部

Branch Office 分公司

Business Office 營業部

Close the Door Behind You 請隨手關門

Electrically Operated Gate 電動門

Export Department 出口部

Floor Cleaning in Progress 正在清掃地板

Finished Product Area 成品區

General Accounting Department 財務部 General Manager 總經理室

General Affairs Department 總務部 Head Office 總公司

Human Resources Department人力資源部 Interview in Progress 正在面試

International Department 國際部

Import Department 進口部 Lift out of Order 電梯發生故障

Meeting in Progress, Quiet Please 正在開會，請保持安靜 Meeting Room 會議室

Material Control Department 物料部

No food is to be consumed in this area 此處不準吃食物 No Littering 勿亂扔廢棄物

No Smoking in This Area 此處禁止吸煙

Please Wait Here for Enquiries 請在此等候咨詢 Personnel Department 人事部 Production Department 生產部

Quality Control Department 質管部

Research and Development Department(R&D)研發部

Secretarial Pool 秘書室

Sales Department 銷售部

Sales Promotion Department 促銷部

This is a smoke free building 樓內禁止吸煙 We do not buy at this door 謝絕推銷

常用翻譯方法

常用翻譯方法系列：直譯法和意譯法（1）

直譯是指譯文不僅表達原文的內容，還保留原文的表達形式，比如保留原文所使用的比喻、形象、民族特色等，使讀者從譯文中能得到與原文大致相同的感受。直譯法一方面有助于保留原文的風格，另一方面又有助于從他國引進一些新鮮、生動的詞語和表達方法。但直譯并不是死譯或硬譯。例如：

（1）In some automated plants, electronic computers control the entire production line.譯：在某些自動化工廠，電子計算機控制整個生產線。（直譯）（2）Demand has the same effect on the height of price as production.需求有同樣的影響在高度的價格上像生產。（死譯）

譯文：該翻譯既不忠實原意，又不符合漢語的表達方式。正確的譯法為：

需求像生產一樣會影響價格。

（3）Challenge the limits 挑戰極限（三星）

（4）Winning the hearts of the world 贏取天下心（法國航空公司）

（5）Hand in Hand, Future in Your Hand 伴你同行，齊握未來（太平洋人壽）

（6）Striving today for all your tomorrows 為你未來，做好現在（中銀集團）

公共場所標識

Children and Senior Citizens Free 兒童與老人免費

Do Not Enter, Alarm Operating 裝有警報，禁止入內

Do Not Put(Place)Bicycles Against The Railings請不要把自行車靠到欄桿上

Fire Construction Points to Note 注意消防設施 Fire Escape, Keep Clear 消防通道，保持通暢 Fire Exit Only 僅作安全出口

For Public Use 公用 Free of Charge 免費

Fully Air Conditioned 空調全面開放 Gates in Use Night & Day 此門晝夜使用

Lavatories 廁所

Gents /Men/Man’s lavatory 男廁

Waiting Room and Ladies/ Woman’s lavatory 女廁 No Admittance 禁止入內

No Bathing, Fishing Allowed In This Pond 此池塘禁止游泳，垂釣 No Charge 不收費

No Entry For General Public 公眾不得入內

Non-Smokers Only

僅供非吸煙者

Obstruction of the door can be dangerous 禁止堵塞門口 Open All Year Round/ Open All Year 全年開放 Opening Hours: 開放/開門/營業時間

Please do not leave rubbish here 請不要在此倒垃圾

Please feel free to smoke in the lounge 休息室允許吸煙 Please Use Other Doors

請走其他門

Private Function Only 只供私人使用

Public Toilet 公廁

Unauthorized posters and advertisements will be persecuted 未經允許，禁止張貼廣告，否則追究責任

Under Repair, Do Not Operate

正在修理，不能使用

旅游標識

15% Off With This Flyer 持本廣告八五折優惠

A Place To Relax And Unwind 一個讓你放松身心的地方

All-Inclusive Ticket 票價包括所有費用

Cafeteria Available

提供自助餐

Access All Day 全天開放

Admission Is Free 不收門票 Reserved Seating 預訂座位

Safe and Reliable 安全可靠 Self-Catering

可自己做飯

Shopping Offers

提供購物機會 Child Reductions 兒童優惠

Concessions(票價)優惠

Day trip to...……一日游

Free Entry for All 向所有人免費開放 Children under 12 half price throughout season 全季12歲以下的兒童半價 Discounts available for pre-booked groups 團體提前預訂優惠

For more detailed information please call...欲知詳情，請打電話…… Free children admission with full paying adult 成人全價票，所帶兒童免費

Free entry to over 60 attractions

免費到60 多個景點旅游

Free for accompanied children under 16 Years of age所帶16歲以下兒童免費 Tours Take Up To Two Hours 游程兩個小時

Tours Are Held Throughout The Day 旅游活動全天進行 Tours Have Live English Commentary 旅游配有現場英語解說

Electronics 電子學，電子工業 Grocery 食品雜貨店 Clothing 服裝 Outdoors 戶外 Indoors 在室內 Fashion 時尚，時裝

Accessory 副的，配件，附件 Beauty 美麗 Blue-ray 藍光 Gift card 禮品卡 Fragrance 香味 Deal 交易 For sale 出售 Discount 折扣 Coupon 贈券 Top-rated 一流的 Best-seller 暢銷書。Visa card 簽證 Wish list 愿望清單 Cart 用車裝載 Auction 拍賣 Return 返回

Key Features 主要特點 Inch 英寸

in stock 有存貨，現有 out of stock 缺貨

Register 登記，注冊，掛號 Purchase 購買

Sign in 注冊 sign out 退出 Save up to 25% 節省25% Take 25% off 拿掉25%的 Guarantee 保證，擔保 Deliver 交付 Shipping 船舶，運送 Shipping fee 運費 Free shipping 免運費 Order 命令，規則，訂購 Upcoming deal 即將到來得交易 Drop your order besides … Track your order

Leave feedback 離開反饋 Subscribe 訂閱，認購 Unsubscribe 取消訂閱，注銷 Contact number 聯系電話 On selected items 在選定的項目 Customers Who Bought Items in 顧客在購買物品

Your Recent History Also Bought 你最近的購買歷史 Recently Viewed Items

Get $40 instantly 立即得到40美元 restrictions apply 限制申請

第四篇：英語重點詞匯介紹

prove用法

prove是個常用動詞,也是一個多義動詞.由于它的用法比較復雜,現歸納如下

一、prove作“證明;證實”解時,用法如下:

1.prove+名詞/代詞

He has proved his courage in the battle.他已在作戰中證明了他的勇氣.This further proved the strength of our economy.這進一步證明了我們的經濟實力.Can you prove that?你能證實那一點嗎?

2.prove+直接賓語(sth.)+to+間接賓語(sb.)

The difficulty was how he could prove his ideas to other scientists.困難在于他怎樣向其他科學家證實他的想法.Can you prove your theory to us?你能向我們證實你的理論嗎?

3.prove+賓語+賓語補足語

(1)形容詞作賓語補足語

They proved themselves wise and brave.他們證實自己機智、勇敢.Facts have proved these worries groundless.事實證明,這些憂慮是沒有理由的.(2)名詞作賓語補足語

She proved herself an able secretary.她證實自己是個能干的秘書.He has proved himself a success.他已證明了自己是個成功者.(3)動詞不定式作賓語補足語

All this proved him to be an honest man.這一切都證明他是一個誠實的人.The experiment proved his theory to be important to our research.實驗證明他的理論對我們的研究是重要的.4.prove+賓語從句

Galileo proved that the earth and all other planets move around the sun.伽利略證實地球和所有其它的行星都是繞太陽運轉的.But Einstein was able to prove that light coming from the stars was bent as it passed the sun.然而愛因斯坦卻能證明從恒星來的光線當其經過太陽時變彎曲了.Can you prove where you were on May 10th?你能證實五月十日你在什么地方嗎?

二、prove作“證明是;結果是;事實說明”解時,用作連系動詞,無被動語態，可用于以下句型:

1.prove+形容詞

The handbook proved most useful.這本手冊證明很有用.The medicine proved satisfactory.結果證明這藥療效令人滿意.2.prove+名詞

She proved a very strict teacher.結果證明她是一位非常嚴格的老師.His efforts, however, proved a failure.但他的努力結果都失敗了.3.prove+介詞短語或副詞

Perhaps this book will prove of some use to you in your studies.也許這本書會對你的研究有用處.The power station was completed and proved up to standard.這座發電站建成了,證明質量符合標準.4.prove+動詞不定式

As time went on, Einstein's theory proved to be correct.隨著時間的推移,愛因斯坦的理論證明是正確的.She may prove to be the most suitable person for the job.結果她可能是最適合干這項工作的人.Lack 的用法

n.（名詞）“不足”。通常用 “lack+of＋名詞”。

a lack of money.缺乏金錢

Her only problem is lack of confidence.Lack of sleep had made him irritable.If he fails it won't be for/through lack of effort(= he has certainly tried).We won't be going on holiday this year-lack of funds, I'm afraid.He can’t endure the lack of food.沒有食物，他再也堅持不下去了。

vt.（及物動詞）缺乏；不足；沒有

①To be entirely without or have very little of.缺乏：根本就沒有或僅有一點

②To be in need of.需要

He just lacks a little confidence.What we lack in this house is space to store things.She lacks patience in dealing with children.（與孩子打交道她缺少耐心。）

We are lacking three members of staff due to illness.(注：說lack不用于進行時是站不住腳的)

vi.（不及物動詞）還可作“缺乏，短少；不足；需要。常用進行時

①To be wanting or deficient:缺乏：處于匱乏或不足狀態：

You will not be lacking in support from me.你將得到我的幫助

（注：這里把lacking處理為vi.，并沒有作為adj.來得簡單）

②To be in need of something:需要：需要某物：

I lacked for nothing.我不需要任何東西

She does not lack for friends.They lacked for nothing.他們無所需求（應有盡有）。

[用法拓展]

lack 構成的短語有：

be lacking:欠缺、缺：

be lacking in缺乏（某種品質、特點等）,不夠

lack for 缺（多用于否定句）Lack+of＋名詞： The plants died for lack of water.Lack+名詞： We lack the strength to walk any further.lacking adj.be lacking If something that you need is lacking, you do not have enough of it:

Enthusiasm has been sadly lacking these past months at work.Money was lacking to complete the building.He is lacking in courage.他缺乏勇氣。

Nothing is lacking but the will.什么都不缺，就缺意志。be lacking in sth to not have a quality:

He's totally lacking in charm.He is not lacking in intelligence.Philip was not lacking in ability.（菲力普并不缺少能力。）

His reception of us was lacking in warmth.（他對我們的接待缺少熱情。）

Since she is young, she is lacking in experience.由于年輕，她缺乏經驗。

[練習]

1.Many of our young workers ___ proper training.?

A.are lacking inB.are lackingC.lack forD.lack in[A]

2.We tried to settle the problem with them as soon as possible, but they seemed to____ sincerity.A.lack ofB.be lack ofC.lack inD.be lacking in(D)

3.Though________ money, his parents managed to send him to university.A.lackedB.lacking ofC.lackingD.lacked in

<解答> Though lacking money是Though they are lacking money的省略句，其中lack是vt.。

4.Keep him at arm's length, as he is a guy being lacking ______ honesty.A.ofB.onC.inD.about(C)

5.That was another example of _____ experience.A.a lack ofB.lack fromC.their lack forD.their lack of

<解答>.D lack作及物動詞時，后面直接用名詞或代詞做賓語；作不及物動詞時常和for連用；作名詞時常和of搭配使用。

6.--What caused the failure of the experiment?

--_____.(C)

A.Because of shortage of fundB.For lack of fundC.Lack of fundD.Due to lack of fund

7.The boss praised the young man for his hard work, though he ____ experience.A.is lack ofB.is lacking inC.lacks ofD.is lacking of

此題答案選B，be lacking in是習語，意為“缺乏”，其后通常接experience, frankness, courage等抽象名詞。選A是錯誤的，因為lack可用做名詞和動詞，但不用做形容詞；選C是錯誤的，因為lack用做動詞時，它是及物動詞，其后不用介詞(注：用做名詞的 lack后可接介詞of)；選D是錯誤的，因為沒有be lacking of這個搭配。

8.I'm sorry, We're ________that kind of trousers.Would you come back next week?

A.shortB.lackingC.in needD.short of（D）

[案例1.]

1.He can’t endure the lack of food.2.He can’t endure a lack of food.3.He can’t endure lack of food.Are they all correct?

Yes, they are, but number 3 would not be heard very often, simply because it's not so easy to say

smoothly.You need a hard stop between “endure” and “lack,” so even if you mean to say that, it tends to come out as “endure-uh lack.”

[案例2.]

The authorities declared that because of the war petrol was _____ and had to be rationed(定量供應).A.inadequateB.rareC.lackedD.scarce

[答] D.scarce.汽油供不應求，因此必須定量配給。

Scarce(=not available in sufficient quantity, not equal to the demand)不充足的，缺乏的，供不應求的。Inadequate 不適應的，不充分的。

lackvt./vi.(=be without;not have;have less than enough of)缺乏；沒有；缺少，例如：

1）He lacks perseverance.(他缺乏堅定性。)

2)Money is lacking for the plan.(此計劃尚缺錢。)

3)He is lacking in courage.(他缺乏勇氣。)

be lacking in 常指缺乏某種品質、特點等。

lack作及物動詞時，一般不用被動語態，故不能選C.lacked.4)They lacked for nothing.(他們什么也不缺。)有人認為，lack for是美國英語。

[案例3.]

I am lacking of practice or I am lacking practice.BE：正常表達的方式是:

“I haven't given a massage for a long time.I'm out of practice.”

If you want to use the verb “to lack”:

“I lack practice” or I'm lacking in practice“.[案例4.]

1.Lacking money, he couldn't spend his holiday in Shanghai this summer.2.Lacking in money, he couldn't spend his holiday in Shanghai this summer.Q：這兩句是否都對？

答：１句對(lack sth.)；２句錯（但語法結構并不錯be lacking in sth.）.句２類似結構的關鍵是 be lacking in + quality

Lacking in courage, he would never leave home.Totally lacking in charm, he could not attract the audience.注：However, this is still not very idiomatic.I would expect:

Because he was lacking in courage, he never left home.[注意事項]

1．There is no lack of … 總用is/was單數形式

2．For lack of 里沒有the

【問題探究】He is lack of money.問：lack 是名詞，這里似乎是不能放be動詞后的吧？

答：That’s water.名詞有時也能用在be動詞后。這似乎有些題外了。當然本題句是錯誤的，下面的都對：

1.He lacks money [lacks = verb]

2.He has a lack of money [lack = noun]

3.He is lacking in money [lacking = adjective]

”He is lack of money.“（X）

”He suffers from a lack of money/confidence /personality/etc.“(”Lack“ = noun.)（V）

”I can't meet you today for lack of time.“(”Lack“ = noun.)（V）

”Lacking“ 可以是adjective, 常用于be lacking in sth.結構。且那sth.應該是抽象的事物，故上面的句3也錯誤了。

題目句是錯的。可以說: ”He is lacking money“ 或 ”he lacks money“.如果說 ”He is...“(如 ”He is a teacher“)那么就是在描述他什么, 也就是他自己不能是(a lack)< he cannot himself be 'a lack'>

有時人們把lack用與這樣的句子，如 ”He lacks common sense/initiative“.'To lack' 是個很華麗的古英語動詞, 但現在人們也許更可能用 ”He has no...".

第五篇：聽力必備詞匯學科重點詞匯

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聽力必備詞匯：學科重點詞匯

computer science

library sciencen.圖書館(管理)學

nutrition science n.營養科學 the study of human diet

journalism

tourism

nursing

medicine醫學（不是藥學）

law

education

engineering

information technologyIT 信息技術

accounting

finance

archaeologyn.考古學

architecture n.建筑學

astronomy n.天文學（astro [前綴]表示“星,天體,宇宙”之義astronaut太空人, 宇航員agriculturen 農業學

anthropology n人類學（anthropoidn類人猿）

philosophy n 哲學

psychologyn 心理學

history

geography n.地理學, 地理

geologyn.地質學, 地質概況

chemistry

micro-biology微生物學

marine-biology海洋生物學

sociology

hospitality酒店管理 hotel management

botanyn.植物學

zoologyn.動物學, 生態

economics

electronics n.電子學

mathematics/ Maths

physicsn.物理學

physic醫學, 醫術, 瀉藥

statistics

linguistics 語言學

genetics遺傳學

biochemistry生物化學

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