第一篇：詞匯教學的重點

對外漢語詞匯教學要點評述(2007-05-14 21:04:01)轉載▼

詞匯教學是語言教學中不可或缺的有機組成部分。在對外漢語教學中,精讀課、閱讀課、聽力課和口 語課等多數課堂教學都是從詞匯教學開始的。事實上,詞匯教學不僅是各門語言課程的基礎和開端 ,而且還是貫穿始終的教學。

一、重視詞匯的文化內涵一般來說,詞匯教學主要包括詞語展示及釋 義、詞語辨析、詞語講練等幾個方面。詞語展示及釋義,就是把所要教的詞通過領讀、板書、聽寫 等方法將所要講授的詞的意義及用法解釋給學生,并讓學生跟讀、認讀,從而使學生對所學詞的形、音、義有初步了解。在詞語展示及釋義的過程中,最常見的問題就是詞語不等值。我國出版的對 外漢語教材,大多數附有英文注釋與說明。然而,英語注解漢語本身就是一種文化轉變的過程,很 難做到理解的準確無誤。在我們的教學實踐中,曾經遇到外國學生造出這樣的句子:小王和小劉嫁 了。/楊教授是個老頭子。

造成這種現象的原因歸根結底在于文化差異,具體體現在:

一、詞語項 的缺位。某種事物為一個民族所獨有,比如中國北方,人們居家所用的“炕”,所吃的“饃”,還 有一些地名“萬壽山”“、十三陵”等等,而反映這種事物的概念的詞語還不能在別的民族的語言 中找到對等的形式,便產生了詞語的缺位。對于這些詞語,在翻譯過程中可采用音譯,或者意譯加音譯的方法譯出,同時加上一定的注釋。

二、詞語的概念分類范疇不同。英語中,marry的主語可以是一個男人,一個女人,或者是男女兩人;而漢語中“嫁”特指女子結婚,簡單地把“嫁”譯為m arry,學生在使用時,難免會選出“小王和小劉嫁了”這樣的句子。“老頭子”帶有輕蔑口吻, 而英譯文都沒有體現它們的語體風格。如果在譯詞時加上“用于非正式場合”、“有不尊敬口氣” 等做一簡要說明,這樣的注釋才更加適宜。

三、詞語的文化背景知識不同。各民族由于其不同的生 存環境、文化傳統,往往會形成其獨特的文化意象,有的詞語象征含義甚至是大相徑庭的。例如我 們所熟知的在漢文化飽受鄙視的“狗”在西方文化里卻是“人類最好的朋友”。所以在注釋時不能 僅滿足于傳達一般的意義,應將盡最大可能傳達原文化中的意象視為自己的責任。

二、強化近義詞 的辨析詞匯教學的第二階段就是詞語辨析。也就是講解生詞的詞性、語體色彩、固定搭配并與以前 學習過的形近及義近詞語進行對比分析,進一步加深學生對詞語的理解。漢語中的近義詞非常豐富 ,常常給學生帶來理解和運用上的麻煩。首先,不同語言的語義系統不完全一致,漢語中有的近義 詞在英語解釋中是同義詞。如:生活——住、了解——知道、參觀——訪問等詞語在學生印象中是 相同的,所以使用時就會出現“我在中國住的很愉快。(生活)/媽媽不能知道我。(理解)/我 們訪問了這次畫展。(參觀)”此類的錯誤。其次,含有共同語素的詞很多,如:產生——發生、氣候——天氣、到達——達到等詞語,因為詞形比較相近,學生往往出于直觀記憶而將其混淆。“ 氣候變涼了。(天氣)/火車準時達到了。(到達)”另外,漢語中一詞多義的現象較為普遍,有 些詞在某些意義上與另一些詞相同,如:安靜——清凈、仔細——詳細等詞語,造成了語義間的混 合交叉。辨析同義詞,無非是重在求異。一是區分基本詞義。有些近義詞在指代范圍、程度輕重、側重點等方面存在明顯的差異。如格外

——分外都表示程度上的特別,但是格外表義輕,分外表義 重。二是區分詞性。如才——剛才,前者為副詞,后者為名詞。三是區分詞的附屬義。如后果—— 成果都指事情的結果,但后果是貶義,成果是褒義。四是區分詞的用法。還是——或者都是連詞, 而還是用在疑問句中,或者則用于肯定句中。

三、注重虛詞的講練事實上,詞語講解和辨析只是課 堂教學的一部分,學生想要真正掌握該詞,還應在此基礎上做有關的大量練習,反復記,反復用。從理論和教學實踐上看,詞語的習得一般遵守以下順序:實詞的意義比虛詞的意義容易習得;具體 的意義比抽象的意義容易習得;詞匯意義比語法意義容易習得。由此看來,在練習過程中更應注重 虛詞的講練。現代漢語的大部分虛詞都是由動詞虛化而來的。比如動態助詞“了、著、過”。還有 絕大多數的介詞,常見的有:把、被、將、比、叫、讓、由、給、沿、照、和、跟、同、與、往、連、趁、距、離、替、依、據、按、為、除、隨、用、拿、向、朝、在、通過。還有一些動詞喪失 了實在的語義內容,就會逐漸發展成為一個詞綴。漢語里有些結果補語、程度補語就屬于這種情況。常見的有:掉、住、光、開、壞、死、來、去。這樣一來,一個虛詞往往有好幾個義項,在初級 階段教師講解的時候不必同時把幾個義項都教給學生,課文中是什么義項就教什么。在講解一個新 的義項時,最好復習一下學過的義項,把虛詞和實詞組成詞組,反復地練習,使他們形成語感。我 們應該通過舉不同例句把時態劃分得再細一點,或者從另一個角度用另外的標準來概括漢語動態語 法范疇,以便外國人學習時較容易掌握。介詞的運用比較容易混淆,練習時應就用法相近可互換、不可互換的情況分別舉例,并對病句進行分析。連詞主要進行固定搭配的訓練,即“有此即彼、非 此無彼”,使學生形成迅速、準確的語法條件反射,從而輕松掌握句法規律。

■對外漢語詞匯教學 要點評述@邵彤$沈陽工業大學對外漢語教學;;詞語;;文化;;近義詞;;虛詞詞匯教學是語 言教學的基礎之一,也是對外漢語課堂教學的重要組成部分。詞匯教學主要包括詞語展示及釋義、詞語辨析、詞語講練等幾個方面。而詞語的文化內涵、近義詞的辨析、虛詞的講練是詞語教學的重中之重。

1.黃伯榮,廖序東.《現代漢語》.北京:高等教育出版社,1997 2.劉乃叔,敖桂華.《近義詞使用區別》.北京:北京語言大學出版社，對外漢語課堂教學重點之漢語詞語教學

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在實用方面，漢語詞語的教學是最重要的一個部分，句子的基礎是詞語，擁有詞語的基礎那么學生就可以進行一些簡單的交流。對外漢語教學中,詞語教學是貫穿始終的教學,是語言教學不可缺少的有機組成部分。對外漢語教學,從教學內容上說,詞匯教學,應屬于重點教學內容,特別是初級階段;一個外國學生要學好漢語,重要的是掌握大量的詞匯,要有足夠的詞匯量。因此 ,運用詞匯教學技巧,提高課堂教學效果和學生語言能力具有重要意義。本文就詞語釋義方法作些探討。

一 用實物及圖片或者身勢語解釋這是最簡單明了,又可以加快建立語音和概念的直接聯系的方法。如“桌子”、“書”、“電視機”等,就可以用實物;如具體動作“拿”“背”“提”“ 微笑”等可以用身勢語表示。這樣不僅可以加深學生的印象,而且對學生全面理解、牢固記憶詞義都有好處。

二 利用語素釋義語素釋義主要是講清楚某個語素的形、音、義和用它構成詞的方式。比如:“操場”的“場”,告訴學生“場”的意思相當于ground,place,它常常跟別的語素或詞搭,一般放在別的詞后邊,有時在前邊。以后學生遇到“廣場”、“市場”、“機場”、“戰場”、“體育場”、“運動場”、“場地”等等,只要講清楚另一個語素的意思,學生就能猜出整個詞的意思。用這樣的方法還可以訓練學生用漢語思維。三 對比法

(一)漢外對比法即把漢語的詞義與相對的外語詞義進行對比,指出詞義的異同,讓學生注意區別, 減少語言之間的干擾。漢語的大量詞語與某一外語在詞義和用法上不完全對應,如漢語里“做游戲 ,打球,拉提琴,彈鋼琴”,在英語中都可以用“Play”表示。“Playgameplay ballplaytheviolinplaythepiano”。如“胖”“肥”英語都是“ fat”但是漢語里“胖”用于人,而“肥”用于動物、肉、衣服。所以說“你很肥”是不禮貌的。再如漢語里的“穿”和“戴”英語里只有“wear”相對應,所以教學時要講解清楚其中的異同。(二)同義詞、近義詞對比對詞義相近的詞進行比較、分析,幫助學生找出共性與個性。如“ 參觀”和“訪問”課文生詞表對譯的英語單詞都是“visit”,如果不進行對比,學生難以分辨清楚。出現“參觀一位老朋友”、“訪問故宮”等錯誤,可采用近義詞辨析法,讓學生明白“參觀”的對象是地方、單位、名勝古跡,而不能是人;“訪問”的對象可以是地方(國家、城市), 也可以是人,然后再舉一些搭配的例子讓學生體會一下。

(三)反義詞對比用一個已經學過的絕對反義詞幫助學生理解詞義。如“具體”,指出“具體”的反義詞是“抽象”“概括”,如“具體勞動”和“抽象勞動”,“他具體介紹了這個學校的情況”、“他概括地介紹了這個學校的情況”等語句,學生理解和接受得就比較快。

四 情境釋義法母語學習離不開語境,第二語言的學習更離不開語境,因此,著名的直接法、視聽法、認知法、暗示法以及功能法等教學流派都把依賴語境作為第二語言教學的重要手段之一。

(一)例句釋義教師針對學生的錯誤準備一些例句,這些例句是他們熟悉的場景、事情和生活,讓學生通過例句來體會詞義。“干脆”一詞,生詞表中對譯的英語單詞是“simple”。有的學生以為“干脆”就是“簡單”的意思,而做出“今天的作業很干脆”等句子。雖然“simple”有“簡單地、簡明地”、“坦白地、直率地”等義項,卻表現不出“干脆”的確切含義與口語特色,只有用較多的例句,讓學生借助新增的言語信息才能正確理解和掌握這個詞。如:(1)食堂可能關門了,我們干脆去外面吃吧。(2)她做起事來,非常干脆麻利。(3)他說話很干脆 ,從不拐彎抹角。(4)你干脆點兒,去還是不去。通過以上例句,讓學生明白,“干脆”是漢語口語中比較常用的一個形容詞,它可以表示動作快捷不緩慢,也可以表示說話直接不羅嗦或態度堅決不含糊。這種通過例句增加言語信息來認知語言的方法,認知語言學認為“語言獲得的過程是一種假設的過程”,這個過程的第三步就是“通過表達句子或聆聽例句檢驗假設”<2>。由于我們的教學對象已經是成人,他們已具有概括、推理的思想能力,所以從聽或看的例句信息中推知出詞語的意義和用法。因此在初級階段用較多的例句增加詞語信息來促進初學者推知和識記漢語的詞義是一種非常有效的辦法。<3>(二)語境釋義用學生熟悉的或親身經歷的事例來設定具體的語言環境,讓學生從中去體會理解詞義。如教“湊合”可設置若干情境:(1)下第四節課已十二點了 ,你喜歡吃的菜食堂已經都賣完了,又不想去別的地方吃,怎么辦??你只好湊合吃吧。(2)你最喜歡看足球比賽,打開電視不太清楚,怎么辦??湊合看吧。教學實踐表明,語境的闡釋功能在第二語言的詞義教學中具有不可替代的重要作用。“隨便”、“來不及”、“下臺階”、“白頭偕老”、“沒完沒了”等詞語都可通過具體的語境讓學生掌握。

五 從語用的角度釋義對于留學生來說,他們對所學的語言知識最注重實際運用,但在學習過程中,往往可能只知道意思而不知道語用條件,使用時不分褒貶而濫用。如使用頻率非常高的“拍馬屁”,學生只知道意思是“說別人的好話”而不知道這是“阿諛、奉承”的話,所以

在課堂上老師表揚學生學習不錯時,學生卻客氣地回答:“謝謝老師拍馬屁”。所以在教學中必須要強調詞語感情色彩與語用環境,否則在交際中就難以避免語用失誤而產生適得其反的效果<4>。再看“怪”、“很”都是程度副詞,但用法有區別。“很”只表示程度,不帶感情色彩。而“怪”卻帶有喜愛的感情色彩。再者,“怪”常與“的” 相配,如“這樣的天氣怪舒適的”。“羨慕”“妒忌”這組詞語的區別就體現在語用上,說“羨慕 ”別人可以,“妒忌”別人不好。總之,我們既要根據所講生詞的特點選擇適當的方法,又要靈活地將這些方法有機的結合起來使用,以提高詞匯教學的效率。對外漢語詞語教學方法探討@錢少青 $中南林學院外國語學院!湖南株洲412006對外漢語;;詞語教學;;釋義方法詞匯教學是對外漢語教學的基礎之一,也是課堂教學的重要組成部分。因此,運用詞匯教學技巧,對提高課堂教學效果和學生語言能力具有重要意義,從五個方面對詞語釋義方法進行了探討。

表揚學生學習不錯時,學生卻客氣地回答:“謝謝老師拍馬屁”。所以在教學中必須要強調詞語感情色彩與語用環境,否則在交際中就難以避免語用失誤而產生適得其反的效果<4>。再看“怪”、“很”都是程度副詞,但用法有區別。“很”只表示程度,不帶感情色彩。而“怪”卻帶有喜愛的感情色彩。再者,“怪”常與“的”相配,如“這樣的天氣怪舒適的”。“羨慕”“妒忌”這組詞語的區別就體現在語用上,說“羨慕”別人可以,“妒忌”別人不好。總之,我們既要根據所講生詞的特點選擇適當的方法,又要靈活地將這些方法有機的結合起來使用,以提高詞匯教學的效率。對外漢語詞語教學方法探討@錢少青$中南林學院外國語學院!湖南株洲412006對外漢語;;詞語教學;;釋義方法詞匯教學是對外漢語教學的基礎之一,也是課堂教學的重要組成部分。因此,運用詞匯教學技巧,對提高課堂教學效果和學生語言能力具有重要意義,從五個方面對詞語釋義方法進行了探討。

第二篇：3-7重點詞匯

1.linger:

1)spend a long time doing sth.磨蹭，e.g.My daughter used to linger long over her meal.There will be no time to linger —

the press conference will begin in a few minutes.2)stay for a long time, esp.because one does not want to leave 留戀，徘徊

e.g.This a dreary（沉悶的，枯燥的）little town

where few people would choose to linger.He was still lingering around the stadium long after the game was over.2.scar: a mark left on the skin by a wound, burn, etc.after it has healed 傷疤

e.g.It is easy to recognized the little boy because he has a scar on his left arm.The witness told the police that the criminal had a scar on his forehead.vt.leave a scar on給…留下疤痕

e.g.The burns were so severe that he will be scarred for life.His face was scarred by smallpox.（牛痘）

3.So, too, do the voices of those who …: The voices of those who … also echo in his soul.4.dignity: the quality of being worthy of honor or respect 尊嚴

e.g.A physician shall be dedicated to providing competent medical service

with compassion and respect for human dignity.Some think that cloned human beings will be deprived of

freedom or dignity or personal identity.They hold on to the faith that the value of life depends on its dignity and not its success.5.cripple:

1)cause to become unable to move or walk properly 使跛，使受傷致殘

e.g.At the beginning of the year 2000 crippled children were on state lists to receive care.Peter’s father was crippled by a stroke.（中風）

2)damage or harm(sb./sth.)seriously 損壞；嚴重削弱

e.g.Shootings and robberies of tourists over the past several years

had crippled the tourist industry in Miami.The terrorists’ attacks has not crippled the US economy.6.betray: show a lack of loyalty to;give or show sb./sth.to an enemy 背叛，出賣 e.g.According to the Gospels of Matthew and Mark,（馬修和馬太福音）

greed made Judas betray Jesus to the chief priest for 30 pieces of silver.He was accused of betraying his country during the war.7.gain on: come closer to, esp.a rival or sth.pursued 逼近，接近

e.g.Hurry up — they are gaining on us!

She was gaining on he opponents throughout the race,but only overtook them at the very end.8.tremble: shake from cold, fear, weakness, etc.顫抖

e.g.Her hands grew very cold and trembled so that she could hardly hold the flag.Madison was extremely pale and trembled excessively

as he began his inaugural address.（就職演講，開幕詞）

For much of the day the pavements tremble from the weight of passing traffic.9.kick up:(cause to)rise 踢起，揚起；升高

e.g.The horse kicked up a cloud of dust.The boys kicked up the leaves

that lay thick upon the ground with the coming of autumn.10.tilt:(cause to)move into a sloping position（使）傾斜

e.g.The pilot can tilt the helicopter forward, backward or to either side.In the northern hemisphere(半球), the sun climbs high in the sky

and the days are long in summer,where the northern end of the earth’s axis（軸）is tilted toward the sun.n.傾斜 The amount of daylight in a day varies throughout the year,based on the tilt of Earth’s axis.11.lean:(cause to)be in a sloping position;bend 傾斜；倚靠 v

e.g.He leaned his bike against the wall.She leaned over the bridge to look at the boats passing beneath it.a.producing little of value;containing little or no fat 收益少的；瘦的e.g.The company has apparently recovered from several lean years.The recession（不景氣）and lean state budgets continue to trouble school officials.We like to eat lean and tender meat.（嫩的）

12.delivery:

1)the process of birth 分娩

體力活

In the end, it was an easy delivery: a fine baby boy.2)the delivering of letters, goods, etc.投遞；運送

letters, and other shipments within the United States and worldwide.聯邦快遞公司

Most newspapers offer home delivery.13.section: any of the parts into which sth.is divided 部分

e.g.This article consists of ten major sections.Newspapers typically have sections for local news,sports, arts and entertainment, business, and classified advertising.14.disorder: disturbance of the normal working of the body or mind;

lack of order（機能）失調；混亂

e.g.Severe vitamin and mineral deficiencies can lead to mental disorders.that treats disorders by inserting needles under the skin.The school authorities took immediate action to stop campus violence and disorder.15.transfer: move from one place to another 調動，轉移

transfer sth./ sb.(from … to)

e.g.Transferring Peter from Tokyo to Boston office was a smart idea.Power was transferred from President to the Vice President

while the President received medical treatment.Commercial airports are designed to transfer passengers and freight貨運 to and from aircraft.Credits earned at junior colleges could be transferred to another institution

where students could complete their final years of college.16.limitation: lack of ability 缺陷；局限 due to the limitations of battery technology.As a student he recognized his limitations, but did little to improve himself.17.apply for: make a formal request for 申請

e.g.I applied for five jobs before I was offered this one.According to the school regulations students will have to apply for permission to study abroad.18.representative: a person who represents others 代表

e.g.Egypt, Israel, and the representatives of the Palestinian people

will participate in negotiations on the resolution of the Palestinian problem.巴勒斯坦問題的決議

匯聚巴黎參加地球峰會（最高級會談）

19.literature:

1)printed material used to advertise or promote a product 宣傳資料

e.g.My friend is sending me literature from two other companies

that provide a similar service.2)writings that are valued as works of art 文獻；文學作品

e.g.Many readers consider the novel the most flexible type of literature.offers master’s or doctoral degree programs 研究生院 人文學科

as history, chemistry, physics, and literature.20.pledge: a solemn promise 保證；許諾

e.g.The boy made a pledge to get straight A’s at the end of the semester.They made a pledge to accomplish the task.vt.pledge to do sth.e.g.Member nations of the UN pledge to settle their disputes peacefully

（克制）有害垃圾

21.retail: the practice of selling goods in small quantities to the general public 零售

e.g.Wal-mart is a company that operates a variety of retail chain stores.Department stores refer to large retail stores selling many商品，貨物

22.transit: passage through or across;a system of urban public transportation

通行，過境；公共交通運輸系統

e.g.Our fleet made the transit through Panama Canal without any difficulty.The president wants to improve the nation’s highways and mass transit systems.23.strain: injure(the body or the part of it)or make it weak by too much effort 損傷；使勞損 e.g.Swimming does not strain joints and connective tissue 結締組織

as much as many other forms of exercises.He strained his back when he removed the piano with his friends.n.a severe damage on mental or physical strength, resources, abilities, etc.(followed by on)重負，壓力

e.g.Some young white collar workers are complaining about their job strain.She has been under terrible strain since her company was bankrupted.The vast expansion膨脹，擴充 in college education

is putting an enormous strain on the system.24.useless: not fulfilling the intended purpose 無用的，無效的e.g.Preventing the country from purchasing oil crippled its army

and made its navy and air force completely useless.of formerly fertile land into barren and economically useless wasteland.耕作過度

25.limb: a leg or an arm;a large branch of tree 肢；腿；臂；樹枝

e.g.The small size and weight of dogs’ feet and limbs require less energy to move.No attempt should be made to move broken limbs until medical help arrives.The flag was hanging from the limb of a big tree.26.off balance: in as unsteady position or about to fall 不平衡

e.g.The motorcycle knocked him off balance and he fell down on the ground.The sudden pull threw me off balance.27.territory: land a country controls or owns 領土

e.g.The government denied that any of its territory is under rebel control.A country’s embassy in a foreign country is considered its own territory.28.on the phone: be talking to sb.using the phone 在打電話

e.g.Please wait outside for a moment;the manager is on the phone.She is always on the phone, wanting to know her husband has been up to.29.register: 1)be recognized or noted mentally 被注意到

e.g.On occasions what I said didn’t register in my daughter’s brain.The professor’s name didn’t register with the students.2)record a name, an event, etc.for official purposes 登記，注冊

e.g.The new student were told that they must register with the University批準

The newly purchased apartment is registered in her name, not her husband’s.30.laundry: clothes or sheets, etc.that have been or need to be washed洗好（或待洗）的衣服e.g.The new model washing machine offers numerous settings

for washing different types and quantities of laundry.A good deal of laundry had accumulated during the past two weeks,as our washing machine didn’t work.31.profitable: bringing profit or advantage 有利可圖的；有益的 有價證券 when profitable opportunities arise.The trade of opium, a highly profitable product for British merchants

and eventually an illegal import into China, led to the opium Wars.I didn’t find the talk very profitable.On the contrary, I thought it was nonsense.32.off one’s feet: no longer standing 躺著；坐著

e.g.After the operation the old man had to stay off his feet.The doctor checked his left foot carefully and said

he would have to stay off his feet for about two weeks.33.commission: money paid to sb.for selling goods which increases with the quantity of goods

sold 傭金，回扣

e.g.If a salesperson is paid on commission,the amount they receive depends on the amount they sell.影印機，復印機

34.surgery: treatment of injuries or diseases by cutting or removing parts of the body 外科手術e.g.People practiced surgery since ancient times,but it did not become a respected science until 19th century.Surgery is the fastest and most effective treatment for tumors that are detected early.35.be laid up(with): stay in bed, be unable to work（因…）臥床休養；無法工作 重感冒

The football player was laid up with a twisted knee.36.signature: a person’s name written by herself or himself 簽名

e.g.In law, signatures are put at the end of a legal instrument to show that it is valid.有效的立遺囑者

and such a mark is considered a valid signature.37.in time: punctually, not too lat;eventually 及時；最終

e.g.The couple have just arrived in time for lunch.She set the alarm so she would wake up in time to go to school.38.go off:(of electric power, a light, etc.)stop functioning or operating 停止；熄滅 e.g.All the lights suddenly went off and the stadium was plunged into darkness.I didn’t sleep well last night as all the heating went off.

第三篇：英語重點詞匯介紹

prove用法

prove是個常用動詞,也是一個多義動詞.由于它的用法比較復雜,現歸納如下

一、prove作“證明;證實”解時,用法如下:

1.prove+名詞/代詞

He has proved his courage in the battle.他已在作戰中證明了他的勇氣.This further proved the strength of our economy.這進一步證明了我們的經濟實力.Can you prove that?你能證實那一點嗎?

2.prove+直接賓語(sth.)+to+間接賓語(sb.)

The difficulty was how he could prove his ideas to other scientists.困難在于他怎樣向其他科學家證實他的想法.Can you prove your theory to us?你能向我們證實你的理論嗎?

3.prove+賓語+賓語補足語

(1)形容詞作賓語補足語

They proved themselves wise and brave.他們證實自己機智、勇敢.Facts have proved these worries groundless.事實證明,這些憂慮是沒有理由的.(2)名詞作賓語補足語

She proved herself an able secretary.她證實自己是個能干的秘書.He has proved himself a success.他已證明了自己是個成功者.(3)動詞不定式作賓語補足語

All this proved him to be an honest man.這一切都證明他是一個誠實的人.The experiment proved his theory to be important to our research.實驗證明他的理論對我們的研究是重要的.4.prove+賓語從句

Galileo proved that the earth and all other planets move around the sun.伽利略證實地球和所有其它的行星都是繞太陽運轉的.But Einstein was able to prove that light coming from the stars was bent as it passed the sun.然而愛因斯坦卻能證明從恒星來的光線當其經過太陽時變彎曲了.Can you prove where you were on May 10th?你能證實五月十日你在什么地方嗎?

二、prove作“證明是;結果是;事實說明”解時,用作連系動詞,無被動語態，可用于以下句型:

1.prove+形容詞

The handbook proved most useful.這本手冊證明很有用.The medicine proved satisfactory.結果證明這藥療效令人滿意.2.prove+名詞

She proved a very strict teacher.結果證明她是一位非常嚴格的老師.His efforts, however, proved a failure.但他的努力結果都失敗了.3.prove+介詞短語或副詞

Perhaps this book will prove of some use to you in your studies.也許這本書會對你的研究有用處.The power station was completed and proved up to standard.這座發電站建成了,證明質量符合標準.4.prove+動詞不定式

As time went on, Einstein's theory proved to be correct.隨著時間的推移,愛因斯坦的理論證明是正確的.She may prove to be the most suitable person for the job.結果她可能是最適合干這項工作的人.Lack 的用法

n.（名詞）“不足”。通常用 “lack+of＋名詞”。

a lack of money.缺乏金錢

Her only problem is lack of confidence.Lack of sleep had made him irritable.If he fails it won't be for/through lack of effort(= he has certainly tried).We won't be going on holiday this year-lack of funds, I'm afraid.He can’t endure the lack of food.沒有食物，他再也堅持不下去了。

vt.（及物動詞）缺乏；不足；沒有

①To be entirely without or have very little of.缺乏：根本就沒有或僅有一點

②To be in need of.需要

He just lacks a little confidence.What we lack in this house is space to store things.She lacks patience in dealing with children.（與孩子打交道她缺少耐心。）

We are lacking three members of staff due to illness.(注：說lack不用于進行時是站不住腳的)

vi.（不及物動詞）還可作“缺乏，短少；不足；需要。常用進行時

①To be wanting or deficient:缺乏：處于匱乏或不足狀態：

You will not be lacking in support from me.你將得到我的幫助

（注：這里把lacking處理為vi.，并沒有作為adj.來得簡單）

②To be in need of something:需要：需要某物：

I lacked for nothing.我不需要任何東西

She does not lack for friends.They lacked for nothing.他們無所需求（應有盡有）。

[用法拓展]

lack 構成的短語有：

be lacking:欠缺、缺：

be lacking in缺乏（某種品質、特點等）,不夠

lack for 缺（多用于否定句）Lack+of＋名詞： The plants died for lack of water.Lack+名詞： We lack the strength to walk any further.lacking adj.be lacking If something that you need is lacking, you do not have enough of it:

Enthusiasm has been sadly lacking these past months at work.Money was lacking to complete the building.He is lacking in courage.他缺乏勇氣。

Nothing is lacking but the will.什么都不缺，就缺意志。be lacking in sth to not have a quality:

He's totally lacking in charm.He is not lacking in intelligence.Philip was not lacking in ability.（菲力普并不缺少能力。）

His reception of us was lacking in warmth.（他對我們的接待缺少熱情。）

Since she is young, she is lacking in experience.由于年輕，她缺乏經驗。

[練習]

1.Many of our young workers ___ proper training.?

A.are lacking inB.are lackingC.lack forD.lack in[A]

2.We tried to settle the problem with them as soon as possible, but they seemed to____ sincerity.A.lack ofB.be lack ofC.lack inD.be lacking in(D)

3.Though________ money, his parents managed to send him to university.A.lackedB.lacking ofC.lackingD.lacked in

<解答> Though lacking money是Though they are lacking money的省略句，其中lack是vt.。

4.Keep him at arm's length, as he is a guy being lacking ______ honesty.A.ofB.onC.inD.about(C)

5.That was another example of _____ experience.A.a lack ofB.lack fromC.their lack forD.their lack of

<解答>.D lack作及物動詞時，后面直接用名詞或代詞做賓語；作不及物動詞時常和for連用；作名詞時常和of搭配使用。

6.--What caused the failure of the experiment?

--_____.(C)

A.Because of shortage of fundB.For lack of fundC.Lack of fundD.Due to lack of fund

7.The boss praised the young man for his hard work, though he ____ experience.A.is lack ofB.is lacking inC.lacks ofD.is lacking of

此題答案選B，be lacking in是習語，意為“缺乏”，其后通常接experience, frankness, courage等抽象名詞。選A是錯誤的，因為lack可用做名詞和動詞，但不用做形容詞；選C是錯誤的，因為lack用做動詞時，它是及物動詞，其后不用介詞(注：用做名詞的 lack后可接介詞of)；選D是錯誤的，因為沒有be lacking of這個搭配。

8.I'm sorry, We're ________that kind of trousers.Would you come back next week?

A.shortB.lackingC.in needD.short of（D）

[案例1.]

1.He can’t endure the lack of food.2.He can’t endure a lack of food.3.He can’t endure lack of food.Are they all correct?

Yes, they are, but number 3 would not be heard very often, simply because it's not so easy to say

smoothly.You need a hard stop between “endure” and “lack,” so even if you mean to say that, it tends to come out as “endure-uh lack.”

[案例2.]

The authorities declared that because of the war petrol was _____ and had to be rationed(定量供應).A.inadequateB.rareC.lackedD.scarce

[答] D.scarce.汽油供不應求，因此必須定量配給。

Scarce(=not available in sufficient quantity, not equal to the demand)不充足的，缺乏的，供不應求的。Inadequate 不適應的，不充分的。

lackvt./vi.(=be without;not have;have less than enough of)缺乏；沒有；缺少，例如：

1）He lacks perseverance.(他缺乏堅定性。)

2)Money is lacking for the plan.(此計劃尚缺錢。)

3)He is lacking in courage.(他缺乏勇氣。)

be lacking in 常指缺乏某種品質、特點等。

lack作及物動詞時，一般不用被動語態，故不能選C.lacked.4)They lacked for nothing.(他們什么也不缺。)有人認為，lack for是美國英語。

[案例3.]

I am lacking of practice or I am lacking practice.BE：正常表達的方式是:

“I haven't given a massage for a long time.I'm out of practice.”

If you want to use the verb “to lack”:

“I lack practice” or I'm lacking in practice“.[案例4.]

1.Lacking money, he couldn't spend his holiday in Shanghai this summer.2.Lacking in money, he couldn't spend his holiday in Shanghai this summer.Q：這兩句是否都對？

答：１句對(lack sth.)；２句錯（但語法結構并不錯be lacking in sth.）.句２類似結構的關鍵是 be lacking in + quality

Lacking in courage, he would never leave home.Totally lacking in charm, he could not attract the audience.注：However, this is still not very idiomatic.I would expect:

Because he was lacking in courage, he never left home.[注意事項]

1．There is no lack of … 總用is/was單數形式

2．For lack of 里沒有the

【問題探究】He is lack of money.問：lack 是名詞，這里似乎是不能放be動詞后的吧？

答：That’s water.名詞有時也能用在be動詞后。這似乎有些題外了。當然本題句是錯誤的，下面的都對：

1.He lacks money [lacks = verb]

2.He has a lack of money [lack = noun]

3.He is lacking in money [lacking = adjective]

”He is lack of money.“（X）

”He suffers from a lack of money/confidence /personality/etc.“(”Lack“ = noun.)（V）

”I can't meet you today for lack of time.“(”Lack“ = noun.)（V）

”Lacking“ 可以是adjective, 常用于be lacking in sth.結構。且那sth.應該是抽象的事物，故上面的句3也錯誤了。

題目句是錯的。可以說: ”He is lacking money“ 或 ”he lacks money“.如果說 ”He is...“(如 ”He is a teacher“)那么就是在描述他什么, 也就是他自己不能是(a lack)< he cannot himself be 'a lack'>

有時人們把lack用與這樣的句子，如 ”He lacks common sense/initiative“.'To lack' 是個很華麗的古英語動詞, 但現在人們也許更可能用 ”He has no...".

第四篇：初中英語重點詞匯總結

1.kinds of 各種各樣的either…or…或者……或者……，不是……就是……

neither…nor…既不……也不……Chinese tea without, anything in it 中國清茶

take a seat 就坐2.home cooking 家常做法

be famous for 因……而著名on ones'way to在……途中

be sick/ill in hospital生病住院at the end of在……的盡頭，在……的末尾3.wait for 等待in time 及時

make one’s way to… 往……（艱難地）走去just then 正在那時

first of all 首先，第一4.go wrong 走錯路be/get lost 迷路

make a noise 吵鬧，喧嘩get on 上車get off 下車5.stand in line 站隊

waiting room 候診室，候車室at the head of……在……的前頭laugh at 嘲笑

throw about 亂丟，拋散 6.in fact 實際上

at midnight 在半夜

have a good time=enjoy oneself 玩得愉快

quarrel with sb.和某人吵架take one’s temperature給某人體溫

7.have/get a pain in…某處疼痛have a headache 頭痛

as soon as… 一……就……feel like doing sth.想要干某事

stop…from doing sth.阻止……干某事8.fall asleep 入睡

again and again再三地，反復地wake up 醒來，叫醒instead of 代替look over 檢查 9.take exercise運動

had better(not)do sth.最好（不要）干某事at the weekend 在周末on time 按時

out of從……向外10.all by oneself 獨立，單獨lots of=a lot of 許多no longer/more=not…any longer/more 不再get back 回來，取回sooner or later遲早 11.run away 逃跑eat up 吃光，吃完run after 追趕

take sth.with sb.某人隨身帶著某物

take(good)care of…=look after…(well)（好好）照顧，照料 12.think of 考慮到，想起keep a diary 堅持寫日記leave one by oneself某人單獨留下

harder and harder 越來越厲害turn on

打開（電燈、收音機、煤氣等）turn off 關

第五篇：電子商務英語重點詞匯

商務英語翻譯

II.請翻譯下列標識語。（1）

（1）

Left Baggage

行李寄存

（2）

Photography and video are not permitted inside the building 樓內禁止拍照、錄像

（3）

Foreign Exchange(Services)外幣兌換（服務

（4）

Particulars Of Membership 僅限會員（入內/使用）

（5）

Customers Lounges

旅客休息室

標識的語言特點

1.大量使用名詞短語、動詞短語或動名詞http://www.tmdps.cn/

具有指示、說明性質的標識往往使用名詞短語，以直接、準確無誤地傳達特定信息。如Fast Lane快行道、Conference Centre會議中心、Food & Beverage餐飲部、Business Centre商務中心、Road Work正在施工、Tollgate收費站、Check-in登記入住、Baggage Office行李房等。而具有強制、限制性質的標識大多使用動名詞或祈使句，以將公眾的注意力集中在所要求采取的行動上。如No Spitting嚴禁隨地吐痰、Please Do Not Disturb 請勿打擾、Mind the Gap注意站臺縫隙、Please Use Revolving Door請使用旋轉門、Beware Obstruction小心障礙。在翻譯過程中我們也應采用相應的名詞短語或祈使句句式，力求在語氣、信息度等方面做到較好的匹配。

2.文筆凝練、措辭精確

標識多省略冠詞、代詞、助動詞等，僅使用實詞、核心詞匯，以供人們在最短的時間了解最準確、最直接的信息。從詞匯方面來看，盡量減少復雜詞匯和多種時態的動詞；從句型方面考慮，簡單明了的祈使句是標識用語常用的句型。標識語的字數往往精簡到最低限度，如City Bus Only市內公共汽車專用、Post-paid郵資已付、Danger危險、Admission Free免票入場、Beverage Not Included酒水另付等，只需短短兩三個單詞就表明了意思。此外，標識用語有時甚至會借用一些簡單的字母或數字代替單詞，例如：4 SALE出售、Merry X’mas圣誕快樂，等等。

3.具有很強的規約性

由于歷史沿革和語言文化習慣等因素，很多標識用語的翻譯都已約定俗成，不宜隨意變更。如“油漆未干”可能會被譯作“The paint is not dry.”或“The paint is wet.”，這些譯法雖然從語法來講完全正確，但容易造成理解上的障礙或不便，因此不宜采用。事實上，這個標識語 “地道”的譯法是“Wet Paint”，既簡潔明了又完全符合英美人的語言習慣。類似的例句還有“雙向行駛”、“遠離火源”，分別譯為“Two Way” 和“Keep Fire Away”。在標識語翻譯中，譯者應多留意英美國家常用的規范標準的標識用語，盡量使用和漢語標識相應的、地道得體的英語語匯進行翻譯。

4.使用大寫字母，省略標點符號

如STOP、EXIT、DEAD END等，漢譯英時，英文需大寫。

5.語言運用力求引人注目。

尤其是商業標識(Business Signs)及店鋪的招牌(Signboard)，更要追求夸張的效果。例如EOM(End of Month)Sale月終大廉價、Grand Sale/Bargain Sale大甩賣、Big Price Plunge大削價，等等。

標識的翻譯

II.標識的翻譯技巧（2）1.去繁從簡

在特定的語境中，某些標識在被翻譯成另一種語言時，其語用的含義比詞語本身的含義更重要。這時，譯者應刪除繁瑣部分，僅保留足以傳達標識語功能和目的的詞匯。例如：“青島是我家，清潔靠大家”常被譯作 “Qingdao is our home, its cleanness depends on all of us”。從表面上看，該譯法似乎說得過去，字字忠實于原文。但仔細分析不難發現，該譯法明顯受中文表達習慣的影響，不僅累贅，而且容易讓外籍人士產生困惑。正確的翻譯應該是“Keep Our City Clean”。該譯法既簡潔凝練，又意圖明確。類似地，“注意安全，請勿攀爬單邊墻”（Pay attention to your safety, don’t climb the single wall.），“遇到火災，勿用電梯”（When there is a fire，don’t use the elevator!）就可以相應地簡化為 “No Climbing!”，“Don’t use the elevator in case of fire!”。

2.遵從習慣，使用規范標準的標識語

標識用語具有很強的規約性。受語言習慣的影響，很多標識語的翻譯都已約定俗成，不宜隨意改動。例如：我們外出常見到的“小草微微笑，請你走便道”、“請勿踐踏”等標識語就不能生硬地譯為“Little grass is smiling slightly, please walk on pavement.”，而要按照英語的習慣直接翻譯成“Keep Off the Grass”。再比如：“前方修路，請慢駕駛”和“該路段為單行道”可以按英語習慣分別翻譯為“Road Work Ahead”和“One-Way”。

3.程式化套譯

英文標識語的結構比較固定，程式化的套語運用廣泛，因此翻譯時可以采用程式化套譯。例如表達“禁止做某事”可以套譯為“No+名詞或動名詞”的形式，如禁止掉頭No U Turn、禁止入內No Admittance、禁止停車No Parking、禁止吸煙No Smoking等；表示“專用”，可以采用“名詞+Only”的形式，如貴賓專用VIP Only、兒童專用Children Only等；表示“請勿做某事”，可以采用“Do Not +動詞”的表達方式，如請勿觸摸Do Not Touch、請勿扔垃圾Do Not Litter等。4.反面著筆http://www.tmdps.cn/

英漢兩種語言在邏輯思維方面存在著差異，在翻譯時，可從反面著筆把原意表達出來。標識語的翻譯可以通過這種方法成功地實現漢英轉化。如“請勿將頭伸出窗外”翻譯為“Keep Head Inside Vehicle”而不是正面表達為“Don’t put your head out of the window.”。再比如：請勿觸摸Hands Off、無煙商場Smoking Free Store、工地危險，禁止入內Danger，Building Site，等等。

商用標識的翻譯

下面分類介紹商用標識的翻譯。商用標識的范圍很廣，總體上可以分為商務出行標識、商場標識、企業標識等。

商務出行標識（Business Travel Signs）商場促銷標識（Promoting Signs）企業標識（Company Signs）

商務出行標識（Business Travel Signs）

商務出行涉及商務交通、商務住宿等各個方面。因此，交通標識、商務住宿標識就成為商務出行標識的主要內容。

交通標識包括道路指示牌、交通安全提示牌、限時限速的指示牌等等。以下是一些常見的交通標識：

Avoid the Jams 避免交通堵塞 Airport Lounges 機場休息室

Airports Shuttle 機場班車 Arrivals 進港

Bus Stand 公共汽車停車處

Check In Area(Zone)辦理登機區 Customers Lounges 旅客休息室

Certain stations are closed on public holidays.假日某些車站關閉 Dangerous Bend 彎道危險

Diverted Traffic 交叉路口

Departure Time 離港時間

Departure Times On Reverse 返航時間

Departures 出港 Destination Airport 到達機場 Entry To Motorway 高速入口 Exit To All Routes 各通道出口 Flight Connections 轉機處

In case of fire, stay in vehicle 如遇火警，請呆在車內 Inquiries/Assistance 問訊處

Keep your belongings with you at all times 隨時照看好你的物品 Left Junction 左交叉口

Low Bridge Ahead 前方橋低

No Stopping at Any Time任何時間不準停車 Left Baggage 行李寄存 Luggage from Flights 到港行李

Luggage Reclaim 行李提取

No Parking in Front of This Gate 門前禁止停車

Pedestrian Crossing 人行橫道

Please Keep Gateways Clear 請保持過道暢通 Parking Permitted 允許停車 Passport Control 入境檢查

Please leave your luggage with you at all times 請隨身攜帶你的行李 Road Closed 此路封閉

Return Fares 往返票價

Speed Limit of 48kmh 限速每小時48公里 Strictly No Parking 嚴禁停車

These seats are meant for elderly and handicapped persons&women with child.老人、殘疾人及抱小孩的婦女專座 Toilet Engaged 廁所有人

When the bus is moving, do not speak to the driver.汽車行駛中，嚴禁與司機交談

Welcome Aboard 歡迎登機 Single or Return Tickets Only 單程或往返程票 Cancellation 取消

DND=Do Not Disturb 請勿打擾 Extremely Well Equipped 設施配備精良 Fully Centrally Heated 中央暖氣全部開放 Function Room 宴會廳

Food and Beverage Department 餐飲部

Front Office Reception前臺辦公室

Housekeeping Department 客房部

Indoor Swimming Pool 室內游泳池 Lobby Bar 大堂吧

Laundry 洗衣部 Morning Call 叫醒服務

Night Porter on Duty 夜間有行李搬運服務生 Night Club 夜總會

OOO=Out of Order 已壞 Reservation 訂房部 Room Service 送餐部

Stay a minimum of 3 nights and receive 1 extra night free 最少住三晚，另外免費一晚

Tea/Coffee making facility in all bedrooms 所有臥室配有沏茶和煮咖啡的設施 tips=To Insure Prompt Service 小費 VIP=Very Important Person 貴賓

Waiting List 等候名單

Standard Room 標準間

商場促銷標識（Promoting Signs）

商場促銷標識主要指商場里面一些特價通知、樓層商品公告等相關信息。以下是一些常見的商場促銷標識：

50% Off on Selected Lines 部分商品降半價

Accessories & Spares Delivered to Your Door 配件送貨上門 As Many Repairs As You Need, Free of Charge 隨時免費維修 Best Choice and Best Discounts 最佳選擇，最大優惠 Big Sale 大甩賣

Brighter Shopping, Brighter Prices 明智的購物，透明的價格 Buy One and Get Anyone Free 買一贈一

Closing Sale 關門大甩賣

Customer care is our top priority 顧客至上 Final Clear Out 清倉大甩賣

Free Delivery to Your Door 免費送貨上門 Offer is subject to availability 現貨優惠，賣完為止 Sale at Breakdown Price 跳樓價甩賣

Save Up to 40%

6折優惠

Savings and Discounts all Around the Store 店內所有商品均削價處理

Special Offer 特價

Try Before You Buy 先試后買

企業標識（Company Signs）

企業標識主要指用于企業對外宣傳和內部的一些標識，包括企業部門的名稱、警示語等各個方面。以下是一些常見的企業標識：

Advertising Department 廣告部

Branch Office 分公司

Business Office 營業部

Close the Door Behind You 請隨手關門

Electrically Operated Gate 電動門

Export Department 出口部

Floor Cleaning in Progress 正在清掃地板

Finished Product Area 成品區

General Accounting Department 財務部 General Manager 總經理室

General Affairs Department 總務部 Head Office 總公司

Human Resources Department人力資源部 Interview in Progress 正在面試

International Department 國際部

Import Department 進口部 Lift out of Order 電梯發生故障

Meeting in Progress, Quiet Please 正在開會，請保持安靜 Meeting Room 會議室

Material Control Department 物料部

No food is to be consumed in this area 此處不準吃食物 No Littering 勿亂扔廢棄物

No Smoking in This Area 此處禁止吸煙

Please Wait Here for Enquiries 請在此等候咨詢 Personnel Department 人事部 Production Department 生產部

Quality Control Department 質管部

Research and Development Department(R&D)研發部

Secretarial Pool 秘書室

Sales Department 銷售部

Sales Promotion Department 促銷部

This is a smoke free building 樓內禁止吸煙 We do not buy at this door 謝絕推銷

常用翻譯方法

常用翻譯方法系列：直譯法和意譯法（1）

直譯是指譯文不僅表達原文的內容，還保留原文的表達形式，比如保留原文所使用的比喻、形象、民族特色等，使讀者從譯文中能得到與原文大致相同的感受。直譯法一方面有助于保留原文的風格，另一方面又有助于從他國引進一些新鮮、生動的詞語和表達方法。但直譯并不是死譯或硬譯。例如：

（1）In some automated plants, electronic computers control the entire production line.譯：在某些自動化工廠，電子計算機控制整個生產線。（直譯）（2）Demand has the same effect on the height of price as production.需求有同樣的影響在高度的價格上像生產。（死譯）

譯文：該翻譯既不忠實原意，又不符合漢語的表達方式。正確的譯法為：

需求像生產一樣會影響價格。

（3）Challenge the limits 挑戰極限（三星）

（4）Winning the hearts of the world 贏取天下心（法國航空公司）

（5）Hand in Hand, Future in Your Hand 伴你同行，齊握未來（太平洋人壽）

（6）Striving today for all your tomorrows 為你未來，做好現在（中銀集團）

公共場所標識

Children and Senior Citizens Free 兒童與老人免費

Do Not Enter, Alarm Operating 裝有警報，禁止入內

Do Not Put(Place)Bicycles Against The Railings請不要把自行車靠到欄桿上

Fire Construction Points to Note 注意消防設施 Fire Escape, Keep Clear 消防通道，保持通暢 Fire Exit Only 僅作安全出口

For Public Use 公用 Free of Charge 免費

Fully Air Conditioned 空調全面開放 Gates in Use Night & Day 此門晝夜使用

Lavatories 廁所

Gents /Men/Man’s lavatory 男廁

Waiting Room and Ladies/ Woman’s lavatory 女廁 No Admittance 禁止入內

No Bathing, Fishing Allowed In This Pond 此池塘禁止游泳，垂釣 No Charge 不收費

No Entry For General Public 公眾不得入內

Non-Smokers Only

僅供非吸煙者

Obstruction of the door can be dangerous 禁止堵塞門口 Open All Year Round/ Open All Year 全年開放 Opening Hours: 開放/開門/營業時間

Please do not leave rubbish here 請不要在此倒垃圾

Please feel free to smoke in the lounge 休息室允許吸煙 Please Use Other Doors

請走其他門

Private Function Only 只供私人使用

Public Toilet 公廁

Unauthorized posters and advertisements will be persecuted 未經允許，禁止張貼廣告，否則追究責任

Under Repair, Do Not Operate

正在修理，不能使用

旅游標識

15% Off With This Flyer 持本廣告八五折優惠

A Place To Relax And Unwind 一個讓你放松身心的地方

All-Inclusive Ticket 票價包括所有費用

Cafeteria Available

提供自助餐

Access All Day 全天開放

Admission Is Free 不收門票 Reserved Seating 預訂座位

Safe and Reliable 安全可靠 Self-Catering

可自己做飯

Shopping Offers

提供購物機會 Child Reductions 兒童優惠

Concessions(票價)優惠

Day trip to...……一日游

Free Entry for All 向所有人免費開放 Children under 12 half price throughout season 全季12歲以下的兒童半價 Discounts available for pre-booked groups 團體提前預訂優惠

For more detailed information please call...欲知詳情，請打電話…… Free children admission with full paying adult 成人全價票，所帶兒童免費

Free entry to over 60 attractions

免費到60 多個景點旅游

Free for accompanied children under 16 Years of age所帶16歲以下兒童免費 Tours Take Up To Two Hours 游程兩個小時

Tours Are Held Throughout The Day 旅游活動全天進行 Tours Have Live English Commentary 旅游配有現場英語解說

Electronics 電子學，電子工業 Grocery 食品雜貨店 Clothing 服裝 Outdoors 戶外 Indoors 在室內 Fashion 時尚，時裝

Accessory 副的，配件，附件 Beauty 美麗 Blue-ray 藍光 Gift card 禮品卡 Fragrance 香味 Deal 交易 For sale 出售 Discount 折扣 Coupon 贈券 Top-rated 一流的 Best-seller 暢銷書。Visa card 簽證 Wish list 愿望清單 Cart 用車裝載 Auction 拍賣 Return 返回

Key Features 主要特點 Inch 英寸

in stock 有存貨，現有 out of stock 缺貨

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