第一篇：英語倒裝

英語倒裝

倒裝是一種語法手段，用于表示一定的句子結構或強調某一句子成分。倒裝句有兩種：完全倒裝和部分倒裝。

1.完全倒裝

1)完全倒裝即把整個謂語放到主語之前（是整個謂語動詞，而非助動詞）。

例如：In came the teacher and the class began.（老師走了進來，然后開始上課。）

2)there引出的完全倒裝句：除了最常見的there be句型以外，there還可以接appear, exist, lie, remain, seem to be, stand等，一般都譯成“有”的含義，構成完全倒裝句。

例如：There appeared to be a man in black in the distance.（遠處有個穿黑色衣服的人。）

3)由地點和時間副詞引出的完全倒裝句：以地點副詞here, there和時間副詞now, then 開頭，后面的動詞是be, come, exist, fall, follow, go, lie, remain, seem, stand等，而主語又是名詞時，構成完全倒裝句。Up climbed the boy when his mother came.4）表示運動方向的副詞或地點狀語置于句首，謂語表示運動的動詞且主語是名詞時使用完全倒裝Out rushed a missile from under the bomber.轟炸機肚底下竄出一枚導彈。

Out he rushed.注意： 1)在here, there引出的倒裝句中，當主語是普通名詞時用完全倒裝句，但當主語是代詞時，就要用部分倒裝句。

例：Here comes the postman!（郵遞員終于來了！注意實意謂語動詞位于主語之前。）Here we are.（我們到了。注意系動詞位于主語代詞之后。）

2)當主語是代詞，謂語是系動詞，表語是說明性的詞、詞組和定語從句時，可以使用完全倒裝句，起強調作用。

例：Lucky is he who has been enrolled into a famous university.（他真幸運，被一所名牌大學錄取了。）

Typical for China is the crosstalk show where a pair of comedians entertains the audience with word play.（中國典型的是相聲表演，兩個喜劇演員通過文字游戲逗樂觀眾）

2.部分倒裝

1)部分倒裝即只把謂語的一部分（如助動詞、情態動詞等）放到主語前，或把句子的強調成分提前。

Nor did he let the disease stop him from living the kind of life he has always dreamt about（疾病沒有使他放棄過上夢想中的生活）

2)以否定詞開頭的句子要求部分倒裝。注意下列句子中助動詞或情態動詞提前、甚至補充助動詞的用法：

例：Not until yesterday did little John change his mind.（小約翰直到昨天才改變了主意。）In no country other than Britain, it had been said, can one experience four seasons in the course of a single day.（據說除了英國世界上沒有哪個國家能讓人在一天中感受到四季變化）

3)以否定副詞開頭并加狀語放在句首的句子要求部分倒裝。這些否定副詞有barely, hardly, little, seldom, scarcely…… when, never, no sooner…… than, rarely, no more, not nearly, not only等以及only。

Only in the country can you learn the “true English”.4）一些如scarcely……when, no sooner ……than, hardly……when引導的主從復合句主句要求使用過去完成式。

注意：在部分倒裝句中，只有助動詞、情態動詞或連系動詞to be可以置于主語之前，其它部分都要置于主語之后。

5）此外，一些介詞+no+名詞的結構中需要用部分倒裝，這些結構包括at no time;by no means;for no reason;in no case;in/under no circumstances;in no sense;in no way;on no account;on no consideration;at no point例如Under no circumstances should you lend Paul any money.注意：

a)如果含有從句時，只要求主句倒裝： 例：Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had made a big mistake.（只有當他已經說出那個字后才意識到自己犯了個大錯誤。）b)如果上述否定副詞出現在強調句型中的前半部分，不用倒裝：

例： It was not until he went abroad that he know the truth of the fact.（直到他出國以后才了解到事實真相。）

c)如果hardly, scarcely后面接的是any, ever, at all時，意義類似almost no/ not/ never（幾乎不、從不），則無須倒裝。

例：Hardly any people having been invited went there.（幾乎沒有什么受到邀請的人去那里了。）

7)由as though引導的部分倒裝句：

a)當as作為比較意義時，即用于as + adj./ adv.+ as結構中時，如果把第一個as省略掉，就形成部分倒裝句。

例：Cautious as the rest of her family(was), she didn't seem willing to give an immediate reply to my question.（正如她家里人一樣謹慎小心，她似乎不愿意立即回答我的問題。）She charged the stairs, quick as a rabbit(ran).（她跑上樓去，跑得象兔子那么快?。゜)當 as引導讓步狀語時，和although, though一樣，當用作“盡管”之義時，可以用于部分倒裝句。

Hard as he worked, he did not pass the exam.(雖然他很用功，但他還是沒及格)

c)表示原因時，為了強調起見，也可以倒裝。

例：Tired as he was, we decided not to disturb him.（因為他太累了，我們決定不打擾他。）d)等于so時，意義是“也，也是”

例：She worked hard, so/ as did her husband.（她工作很努力，她的丈夫工作也很努力。）

3.so, neither, nor倒裝

除了構成上述倒裝句以外，還可以取代上文出現的名詞、形容詞甚至整句話，構成完全倒裝句或部分倒裝句。但這兩種倒裝的意義不同。

a)當so表示“也，相同，那樣”時，通常表示對前一句肯定句的贊同、一致內容，要求使用完全倒裝句：

He promised to finish my homework, so did I.b)so /such ……that句型可以構成部分倒裝句，表示強調so /such和that之間的部分：例：So selfish was she that everyone avoid talking with her.c)也存在such+be+主語的情況用以強調，例如Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man of great achievements.(阿爾伯特?愛因斯坦是一個有偉大成就的普通人)

d)neither和nor共有4種倒裝形式，其含義分別為：

1)完全倒裝時：表示“也不”，和上文a）用法正好相反，表示對前一句否定句的贊同或一致內容。

例：You don't know what to do now, neither/ nor do I.（你不知道現在該做什么，我也不知道。）

2)和其它否定副詞連用，表示“也（不）”，也要求用完全倒裝句：

例：The besieged enemy could not advance, nor / neither retreat could they.（被包圍的敵人既不能進，也不能退。）

注意：若把這句話改成：“The besieged enemy could neither advance nor retreat.（被包圍的敵人既不能進，也不能退。）”就不必倒裝。

She never laughed, nor did she ever lose her temper.3)用在肯定句里，構成一般否定倒裝：

例：All that is true, nor must we forget it.（那全都是真的，我們可不能忘記。）

4.部分倒裝

有承上啟下作用，表示同意和贊同：

例：A: I couldn't do anything for her.（我幫不了她。）

B: Nor you could, but you might have got somebody to help her.（你是不能幫她，但你本可以找人幫她的。）

2)在進行比較的句子里，如果主語不是代詞時，可以倒裝：

例：America consumes more energy than did our country.（美國消耗的能源比我們國家多。）

3）在某些表示祝愿的句型中要求倒裝。如May you happy.4）在文學作品中常出現倒裝，有些是由于語法習慣，有些是為了簡單的修辭，如Not even one cloud will I bring away（不帶走一片云彩）.5.不用倒裝的地方

注:如果only后面的詞組不是狀語,則不用倒裝.Only Wang Ling knows this.如果直接引語后注明引語是什么人說的，而且主語是名詞時，用倒裝結構；主語是代詞時，一般不用倒裝。

“ Let' go ,” said the man.倒裝句之部分倒裝

部分倒裝是指將謂語的一部分如助動詞或情態倒裝至主語之前。如果句中的謂語沒有助動詞或情態動詞，則需添加助動詞do, does或did，并將其置于主語之前。

1)句首為否定或半否定的詞語如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until… 等 Never have I seen such a performance.Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.當Not until引出主從復合句，主句倒裝，從句不倒裝。

注意： 如否定詞不在句首不倒裝。

I have never seen such a performance.The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep.典型例題

1)Why can't I smoke here?

At no time___ in the meeting-room

A.is smoking permitted B.smoking is permitted

C.smoking is it permitted D.does smoking permit

2）Not until the early years of the 19th century ___ what heat is.A.man did know B.man know C.didn't man know D.did man know

倒裝結構的用法：

一、副詞here,there, in, out,up ,down, away,back,now, then, ahead 等位于句首,當謂語動詞是be,come, go, follow,run等表示位置移動的動詞，而且主語又是名詞時,需要把謂語動詞放主語之前，即全部倒裝。注意:A 此類倒裝不用進行時態度。B若主語是代詞時，不用倒裝。

1.--Let's hurry.Listen!There________.__Oh,yes.Has the teacher come yet?

---Look!Here________.A the bell goes, is he coming B goes the bell, he comes

C the bell is going,he is coming D goes the bell, comes he

二，含有否定意義的詞放句首，部分倒裝。

A具有否定意義的副詞放句首： not,never,seldom,hardly, rarely.little,scarely,few…

not only, no sooner,hardly.scarely要倒,but also, than, when后面的句子不倒 Neither..nor..兩部分都倒裝 C, 含有否定意義的介詞放句首：by no means, In no time,in no case, on no account,under no

circumstances...On no account must you accept any money against your conscience.三，only＋狀語，部分到裝

6.Only in this way__to make improvement in the operating system.(2003 shang)

A you can hope B you did more C can you hope D did you hope

四、表示上文的狀況也適合另外一人或事半功倍有下列：

肯定:so+助動詞(動/情態)+主語 *主語與上文一致

否定:neither(nor)+助動(動/情態)+主語

五、as 作“盡管／雖然”，引導讓步狀語從句，由于語法需要，把表語／狀語／動詞提于句首．

11.___, he knows a lot of things.A The child as he is B Child as he is C A child as he is D Child as he is

六、so..that.., such..that..的句子結構中，若so,such 和與其所修飾的詞置于句首，實行部分倒。

12.So difficult____it to live in an English-speaking country that I determined to learn English well.(2001)

A I have felt B have I felt C I did feel D did I feel

七、若if 引導的虛擬條件句中有were, had, should 時，可將if省，把were, had , should 放主語之前。

13.___it rain tomorrow, we would have put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.(94)

A Were B Should C Would D Will

八、充當地點狀語的介詞短語放句首，全倒。

In a lecture hall of a university sits a professor.九、在表示愿望的感嘆句，倒裝。

May our country become rich and strong!

Long live the People's Republic of China!

十、There be 句型，eg,There live(stand,appear.seem,remain,exist….)

There is a man at the door wants to see you.There once lived an old hunter in that house.

第二篇：選用英語倒裝

倒裝是一種語法手段，用于表示一定的句子結構或強調某一句子成分。倒裝句有兩種：完全倒裝和部分倒裝。

1.完全倒裝

1)完全倒裝即把整個謂語放到主語之前（是整個謂語動詞，而非助動詞）。例如：In came the teacher and the class began.（老師走了進來，然后開始上課。）

2)there引出的完全倒裝句：除了最常見的there be句型以外，there還可以接appear, exist, lie, remain, seem to be, stand等，一般都譯成“有”的含義，構成完全倒裝句。

例如：There appeared to be a man in black in the distance.（遠處有個穿黑色衣服的人。）

3)由地點和時間副詞引出的完全倒裝句：以地點副詞here, there和時間副詞now, then 開頭，后面的動詞是be, come, exist, fall, follow, go, lie, remain, seem, stand等，而主語又是名詞時，構成完全倒裝句。Up climbed the boy when his mother came.4）表示運動方向的副詞或地點狀語置于句首，謂語表示運動的動詞且主語是名詞時使用完全倒裝

Out rushed a missile from under the bomber.轟炸機肚底下竄出一枚導彈。

Out he rushed.注意：

1)在here, there引出的倒裝句中，當主語是普通名詞時用完全倒裝句，但當主語是代詞時，就要用部分倒裝句。

例：Here comes the postman!（郵遞員終于來了！注意實意謂語動詞位于主語之前。）

Here we are.（我們到了。注意系動詞位于主語代詞之后。）

2)當主語是代詞，謂語是系動詞，表語是說明性的詞、詞組和定語從句時，可以使用完全倒裝句，起強調作用。

例：Lucky is he who has been enrolled into a famous university.（他真幸運，被一所名牌大學錄取了。）

Typical for China is the crosstalk show where a pair of comedians entertains the audience with word play.（中國典型的是相聲表演，兩個喜劇演員通過文字游戲逗樂觀眾）

2.部分倒裝

1)部分倒裝即只把謂語的一部分（如助動詞、情態動詞等）放到主語前，或把句子的強調成分提前。

Nor did he let the disease stop him from living the kind of life he has always dreamt about（疾病沒有使他放棄過上夢想中的生活）

2)以否定詞開頭的句子要求部分倒裝。注意下列句子中助動詞或情態動詞提前、甚至補充助動詞的用法：

例：Not until yesterday did little John change his mind.（小約翰直到昨天才改變了主意。）

In no country other than Britain, it had been said, can one experience four seasons in the course of a single day.（據說除了英國世界上沒有哪個國家能讓人在一天中感受到四季變化）

3)以否定副詞開頭并加狀語放在句首的句子要求部分倒裝。這些否定副詞有barely, hardly, little, seldom, scarcely…… when, never, no sooner…… than, rarely, no more, not nearly, not only等以及only。

Only in the country can you learn the “true English”.4）一些如scarcely……when, no sooner ……than, hardly……when引導的主從復合句主句要求使用過去完成式。

注意：在部分倒裝句中，只有助動詞、情態動詞或連系動詞to be可以置于主語之前，其它部分都要置于主語之后。

5）此外，一些介詞+no+名詞的結構中需要用部分倒裝，這些結構包括at no time;by no means;by no manner of means;for no reason;in no case;in/under no circumstances;in no sense;in no way;on no account;on no consideration;at no point例如Under no circumstances should you lend Paul any money.注意：

a)如果含有從句時，只要求主句倒裝： 例：Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had made a big mistake.（只有當他已經說出那個字后才意識到自己犯了個大錯誤。）

b)如果上述否定副詞出現在強調句型中的前半部分，不用倒裝：

例： It was not until he went abroad that he know the truth of the fact.（直到他出國以后才了解到事實真相。）

c)如果hardly, scarcely后面接的是any, ever, at all時，意義類似almost no/ not/ never（幾乎不、從不），則無須倒裝。

例：Hardly any people having been invited went there.（幾乎沒有什么受到邀請的人去那里了。）

6)由no matter how, however和how引導的狀語從句要求部分倒裝，因為形容詞或副詞通常緊跟在這三個引導詞后面，然后才是主語和謂語，形成形式上的部分倒裝句：

例：I know nothing about this river, neither how long, how wide nor how deep it is.（我一點也不了解這條河，不知道它有多長，多寬或多深。）

7)由as引導的部分倒裝句：

a)當as作為比較意義時，即用于as + adj./ adv.+ as結構中時，如果把第一個as省略掉，就形成部分倒裝句。

例：Cautious as the rest of her family(was), she didn't seem willing to give an immediate reply to my question.（正如她家里人一樣謹慎小心，她似乎不愿意立即回答我的問題。）

She charged the stairs, quick as a rabbit(ran).（她跑上樓去，跑得象兔子那么快?。?/p>

b)當 as引導讓步狀語時，和although, though一樣，當用作“盡管”之義時，可以用于部分倒裝句。

Hard as he worked, he did not pass the exam.(雖然他很用功，但他還是沒及格)

c)表示原因時，為了強調起見，也可以倒裝。

例：Tired as he was, we decided not to disturb him.（因為他太累了，我們決定不打擾他。）

d)等于so時，意義是“也，也是”

例：She worked hard, so/ as did her husband.（她工作很努力，她的丈夫工作也很努力。）

3.so, neither, nor倒裝

除了構成上述倒裝句以外，還可以取代上文出現的名詞、形容詞甚至整句話，構成完全倒裝句或部分倒裝句。但這兩種倒裝的意義不同。

a)當so表示“也，相同，那樣”時，通常表示對前一句肯定句的贊同、一致內容，要求使用完全倒裝句：

He promised to finish my homework, so did I.b)so /such ……that句型可以構成部分倒裝句，表示強調so /such和that之間的部分：

例：So selfish was she that everyone avoid talking with her.c)也存在such+be+主語的情況用以強調，例如Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man of great achievements.(阿爾伯特?愛因斯坦是一個有偉大成就的普通人)

d)neither和nor共有4種倒裝形式，其含義分別為：

1)完全倒裝時：表示“也不”，和上文a）用法正好相反，表示對前一句否定句的贊同或一致內容。

例：You don't know what to do now, neither/ nor do I.（你不知道現在該做什么，我也不知道。）

2)和其它否定副詞連用，表示“也（不）”，也要求用完全倒裝句：

例：The besieged enemy could not advance, nor / neither retreat could they.（被包圍的敵人既不能進，也不能退。）

注意：若把這句話改成：“The besieged enemy could neither advance nor retreat.（被包圍的敵人既不能進，也不能退。）”就不必倒裝。

She never laughed, nor did she ever lose her temper.3)用在肯定句里，構成一般否定倒裝：

例：All that is true, nor must we forget it.（那全都是真的，我們可不能忘記。）

4.部分倒裝

有承上啟下作用，表示同意和贊同：

例：A: I couldn't do anything for her.（我幫不了她。）

B: Nor you could, but you might have got somebody to help her.（你是不能幫她，但你本可以找人幫她的。）

2)在進行比較的句子里，如果主語不是代詞時，可以倒裝：

例：America consumes more energy than did our country.（美國消耗的能源比我們國家多。）

3）在某些表示祝愿的句型中要求倒裝。如May you happy.4）在文學作品中常出現倒裝，有些是由于語法習慣，有些是為了簡單的修辭，如Not even one cloud will I bring away（不帶走一片云彩）.5.不用倒裝的地方

注:如果only后面的詞組不是狀語,則不用倒裝.Only Wang Ling knows this.如果直接引語后注明引語是什么人說的，而且主語是名詞時，用倒裝結構；主語是代詞時，一般不用倒裝。

“ Let' go ,” said the man.【倒裝專練】

1.So _________ that even the people in the next room could hear him.A.loudly he spoke

C.loudly did he speakB.he spoke loudlyD.loudly spoke did he

2.Only when one loses freedom _________ its value.A.does one know

C.does know oneB.one does knowD.know one does

3.He never went to see her again, _________ to apologize.A.nor did he writeB.nor he did write

C.he did writeD.nor he wrote

4._________ to sleep than the telephone rang once again.A.No sooner had he goneB.No sooner did he go

C.He no sooner wentD.He had gone no sooner

5.No sooner _________ down than the phone rang.A.had I sat

C.have I satB.I had satD.I have sat

6.No sooner _________ than he was asked to leave again.A.has he arrived

C.had he arrivedB.he has arrivedD.he had arrived

7.Little _________, but we’re flying to Geneva next weekend to celebrate his birthday.A.does he know

C.knows himB.he knows D.did he know

8.Never in my wildest dreams _________ to win first place last time.A.I expectedB.did I expect

C.I have expected D.have I expected

9.Never before _________ so many people here are still starving.A.had I known

C.have I known

B.I had knownD.I have known

10.Little _________ about his own safety, though he was in great danger himself.A.does he care

C.he caresD.he cared B.did he care

11.Only after my friend came _________.(from)

A.did the computer repairedB.be repaired the computer

C.was the computer repaired D.the computer was repaired

12._________ about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madagascar for further research.A.So curious the couple was

C.How curious the couple were B.So curious were the couple D.The couple was such curious

13.Only by shouting _________ to make himself heard.A.he was able

C.he did ableB.was he able D.did he able

14.Only when we landed _________ how badly the plane had been damaged.A.we realizedB.did we realize

D.we had realized C.had we realized

15._________ was the attack that we had no time to escape.A.So sudden

C.So suddenly B.Too suddenD.Too suddenly

16.Not only _________ a pay increase, they want reduced hours as well.A.do the nurses want B.the nurses want

C.did the nurses want D.the nurses wanted

17.Not only _________ to her, I even got her autograph!

A.I spokeB.did I speak

C.I have spokenD.have I spoken

18.The service was terrible and _________ the food.A.so that

C.so was B.so as D.so as to

【參考答案】1—5 CAAAA6—10 CABCB11—15 CBBBA16—18 ABC

第三篇：倒裝用法歸納

倒裝用法歸納

江蘇 仲衛東

倒裝是中學階段的一個重要的語法知識點，也是高考命題熱點之一。下面筆者就來談談它的用法。

一、完全倒裝

完全倒裝是把謂語動詞完全置于主語前，其中主語必須是名詞，若為代詞則不倒裝，這種結構中謂語部分無助動詞（be，do，have）和情態動詞，但可以有連系動詞 be。須用完全倒裝的情況有：

1.當句首為副詞 out，in，up，down，off，here，there 等，且主語為名詞時，應用完全倒裝。如：

In came the doctor.醫生進來了。There goes the bell.鈴響了。

2.當表示地點的介詞短語位于句首，且主語為名詞時，應用完全倒裝。如： On top of the hill stands a big pine tree.山頂上聳立著一棵大松樹。

Under the tree were some children.樹下有一些孩子。

3.在 there be 結構中，there 為引導詞，be 動詞之后為句子的主語，屬完全倒裝，be 應與主語保持一致。除 be 以外，能與 there 連用的動詞還有 seem，exist，happen，appear，live，stand 等。如：

There were a lot of people in the park last Sunday.上周日公園里有很多人。

Once there lived a king who was cruel to his people.從前有一位對人民很殘暴的國王。

4.作表語的形容詞、過去分詞等較短，而主語相對比較長，為了保持句子平衡而將表語前置時，句子的主謂也應完全倒裝。如： Typical for China is the crosstalk show, in which two comedians entertain the audiences with words.中國典型的藝術形式是相聲，兩名演員用言語來逗樂觀眾。Gone are the days when we Chinese were looked down upon.中國人民被歧視的日子已成為過去。

5.某些表示祝愿的句子也可用完全倒裝（或部分倒裝）。如： Long live the Chinese Communist Party of China!中國共產黨萬歲！May you succeed!祝你成功！

二、部分倒裝

部分倒裝則是將助動詞調到主語前，主語可以是名詞也可以是代詞。通常應使用部分倒裝的情況有：

1.當句首為否定或半否定詞 never，neither，nor，little，seldom，hardly，scarcely，in no way，few，not，no 等時，應用部分倒裝。如： Seldom does he spend his time playing cards.他很少花時間去玩撲克。

Never have I heard of that place before.我以前從未聽說過那個地方。

2.only 修飾時間、地點、方式、原因等狀語時，應用部分倒裝。如： Only in this way can we solve the problem.只有這樣，我們才能解決這個問題。

Only when you told me did I know her name.直到你告訴我，我才知道她的名字。

注意：如果 only 修飾的不是狀語，則句子不倒裝。如： Only Uncle Li knows how it happened.只有李叔叔知道這件事是怎么發生的。

3.表示對前者的陳述也適用后者時，肯定倒裝用“ so + 助動詞／情態動詞 + 后者”，否定倒裝用“ neither / nor + 助動詞 / 情態動詞 + 后者”。如： He can speak English, so can I.他會說英語，我也會。

If she doesn't go there tomorrow, neither / nor will I.如果她明天不去那兒，我也不去。

注意“ so + 助動詞 / 情態動詞 + 主語”與“ so + 主語 + 助動詞 / 情態動詞”的區別： 前者表示所說的主語和前面主語的情況一樣，所談到的是兩個人或物，意為“??也是這樣”；后者所談為同一人或物，說話者表示同意前者的觀點，意為“的確如此”。如： — Li Lei likes sports.李雷喜歡運動。

— So he does and so do I.他的確喜歡，我也是的。

4.so 及“ so + 形容詞 / 副詞”置于句首時，應用部分倒裝。如： So frightened was he that he didn't dare move.他如此驚慌以至不敢動彈。

So quietly did she speak that we could not hear a word.她說話聲音這么低，以至我們一個字也沒聽到。

5.such 及“ such + 形容詞 + 名詞”置于句首時，應用部分倒裝。如： Such is Zhong Cheng, a kind and helpful student.這就是仲成，一個善良、樂于助人的學生。

Such good players are they that they often win.他們是好隊員，所以他們經常獲勝。6.由 not only...but also...引起的并列句，若將 not only 置于句首時，該分句應部分倒裝，but also 引導的分句不倒裝。而由 neither...nor...引起的并列句，兩個分句都倒裝。如：

Not only did he give me some advice, but also he lent me some money.他不但給我提了建議，而且還借給了我一些錢。

Neither does he watch TV, nor does he see films in the evening.他晚上既不看電視也不看電影。

7.由連接詞 No sooner...than，Scarcely...when，Hardly...when 引起的主從復合句，主句應倒裝，從句不倒裝。如：

No sooner had he gone to bed than he fell asleep.他一上床就睡著了。

Hardly had I got into the classroom when it began to rain.我剛一進教室天就下起雨來。

8.not until 引起的時間狀語置于句首時，句子的主謂應部分倒裝。由 not until 引導的時間狀語從句位于句首時，主句應部分倒裝，從句語序不變。如： Not until 1998 did he return to his hometown.直到 1998 年他才回到家鄉。

Not until Father came back did we begin to have supper last night.昨晚直到父親回來，我們才開始吃晚飯。

注意：當 not until 引導的狀語或狀語從句用于強調句型時，句子的主語不倒裝。如將上兩句改為強調句應為：

It was not until 1998 that he returned to his hometown.It was not until Father came back that we began to have supper last night.9.省略 if 的虛擬條件句，可將 were，had，should 提至主語前。如： Were I you, I would go there tomorrow.要是我是你，我明天就會去那兒。Had you been there, you would have met the manager himself.要是你去了那兒，你就會見到經理本人了。

10.表示時間頻率且有肯定意義的詞語 often，every day，now and again 等置于句首用來強調時，應用部分倒裝。如：

Often does he send me e-mails to greet me.他經常給我發電子信件問候我。

三、主謂不倒裝的倒裝句

1.as / though 引起讓步狀語從句，可將表語或狀語置于句首，但主謂不顛倒順序。如： Tired as / though he is, he is still working.盡管他很累，他還是在工作。

Carefully as / though she listened, she didn't catch a word.盡管她聽得很仔細，她還是什么也沒聽到。

若將含有不定冠詞修飾的表語提前，則應省去不定冠詞 a / an。如： Child as / though he is, he knows a lot.盡管他還是個孩子，卻已經懂得很多。

2.however, no matter now 修飾形容詞或副詞時要前置，用以加強語氣，該讓步狀語從句的主謂不倒裝。如：

However hard the problem is, I am determined to work it out.不管這道題有多難，我也決心將它算出來。

No matter how heavily it was raining outside, he insisted going there.不管外面下多大的雨，他也要堅持去那兒。

第四篇：中考英語專題 主謂一致和倒裝

主謂一致和倒裝

Quiz :改錯 句中，從句謂語的單復數取決于one前是否有the（only）、1.Both paper and ink is used up.the very。如果有，從句的謂語動詞用單數，如沒有the only

2.Eating too much are bad for your health.就用復數形式。

3.This pair of shoes are my brother's.He was one of the students who were late for school.4.Each of the boys have a dictionary.He was the only one of the students who was late for school.5 Every one of the students in Class Two have two books.6.I think maths are very difficult to learn.★3.each, either, neither, another, the other 和由some, any,7.A large number of students has gone to work in Xingjiang.no, every + thing/ one/ body構成的復合不定代詞作主語

8.The mother with two children often go to the town.時，謂語動詞用單數。

9.Bread and butter are her daily breakfast.e.g.There is something wrong with my computer.10.Nobody know the answer to the question.Everyone is ready for the big dinner.I have two sisters.One is a doctor, the other is a nurse.主謂一致是指主語和謂語動詞在‘人稱’和‘數’方面的一致關系?！糇ⅲ篹ach作同位語，謂語動詞仍與主語一致。主謂一致遵循以下四種原則：語法一致原則、意義一致原They each have a book.則、就近一致原則和就遠一致原則?！?.不定式/動名詞（短語）作主語，謂語用單數。

e.g.Doing morning exercises is good for your health.一、語法一致原則（主單→謂單；主復→謂復）

★1． 由and或both……and連接的并列成分作主語時，To teach is to learn.謂語動詞用復數。如果多個非謂語動詞連在一起表達同一概念，謂語動詞用e.g.Both milk and coffee are on sale in Walmart 單數形式；如果表達不同概念，謂語動詞用復數。supermarket.e.g.To go to bed early and to rise early is a good habit.Zhang Jie and Xie Na are a couple.To work and to live are two different things but they are ◆但是，⑴and連接的并列主語如果指的是同一人、同一

事物或同一概念(and 后無冠詞)，謂語動詞用單數。always together.e.g.The teacher and writer has come.Bread and butter is the breakfast of the western people.★5.all/most/ part /some/none/half/plenty/a lot/lots/the rest/and所連接的表示同一概念的短語有：a horse and cart 馬分數/百分數+of+ n.等短語作主語時，謂語動詞的單復數車, a knife and fork 刀叉, bread and butter 涂有黃油的取決于of后面的名詞的數。此名詞可數，則謂語用復數；面包 此名詞不可數，則謂語用單數。⑵由and連接的并列單數主語之前如果分別由each, All of the work has been finished.every, no修飾時，其謂語動詞要用單數形式。All of the people have gone.e.g.In our country every boy and every girl has the right to Fifty percent of the apples were bad.receive education.Fifty percent of the water was polluted.Part of the work has been done by us.★2.用one, every one, each one, any one, each, either, Let’s eat the food first.The rest is going to be given to them.neither 等+ of +復數名詞/人稱代詞作主語時，謂語用單

★6.成雙成套的詞如glasses, shoes, trousers, chopsticks, 數。，socks等作主語時，謂語動詞用復數。e.g.Neither of his parents is a doctor.They are both teachers.scissors◆注：如果這類名詞前用了a pair /two pairs等修飾，則謂Every one of the students is studying hard.語與pair的單復數一致?！糇ⅲ?1)“both of +復數名詞/人稱代詞”作主語時，謂語用The shoes in the shop are beautiful.A pair of shoes was sold out this morning.復數。Both of them are students.(2)none作主語時如果指人或可數的物，表數目，謂語★7． 由“a/this kind of, many kinds of”或‘n.+ of this 動詞用單復數形式皆可；如果指不可數名詞，表量，謂kind’，以及由與kind 意義相似的type, sort 等詞構成的語動詞用單數。類似短語作主語時，謂語與of前的名詞保持一致。e.g.None of the students have made mistakes this time.A kind of birds has been discovered by them.Machines of this kind are very useful.None of us is/are interested in your new subject.(3)在定語從句中主語是關系代詞who , that , which , 謂語★8.a number of后面加復數名詞或代詞，謂語用復數形動詞的數應與先行詞的數一致。式；但the number of后面加復數名詞或代詞時，其謂語用但在“one of +復數名詞+ who/that/which”引導的定語從單數。

The number of the students in our school is over 20 thousand.A number of students are coming to our school to learn English.★9.倒裝句中謂語單復數要看其后面的主語。There comes the bus.Between the two buildings is a supermarket.二、意義一致原則（主語表單數概念→謂語單數；主語表復數概念→謂語復數）★1.主語表事物的總稱，若指有生命的集合體，如people, police, staff，cattle, crew等作主語時，謂語動詞要用復數。The police are looking for the missing boy.主語表事物的總稱，若指無生命的集合體，如traffic, clothing, fruit, equipment等作主語時，謂語動詞要用單數。

★2.復數形式、單數意義的名詞作主語

(1)有些詞形似復數，實為單數，其作主語時謂語用單數.常見的有：抽象名詞news，學科名詞maths，physics，politics，報紙、雜志名The New York Times,專有名詞James, the United States等

The United States was founded in 1776.Physics is my favorite subject.The New York Times sells well all over the United States.◆但clothes, goods(貨物), works(著作)，the Olympics等詞或短語作主語時，謂語用復數。

The Olympics are held every four years.His works are translated into so many languages that you can find it in many bookshops easily.(2)表時間、距離、價格、度量衡等的名詞或短語作主語時，應將它們看作一整體，謂語用單數。Ten years is a long time.Five million dollars is a lot of money.★3.“the +形容詞”表一類人（如the poor，the rich，the young，the old，the dead，the sick，the brave 等）作主語，謂語用復數；The rich are not always happy.若“the +形容詞”表一種抽象概念或品質，謂語用單數。The beautiful gives pleasure to all of us.★4.“the +姓氏的復數”（表一家人）作主語時，謂語用復數。

The Greens are watching TV.★5.集體名詞family, class, team, group ,government, audience, crowd, company等若表整體概念時，謂語用單數；若表每一個成員時，謂語用復數。

Her family is a large one.Now the whole family are having dinner in the dinning room ◆注：population表“人口”時，謂語用單數；若population受分數、百分數修飾表“居民”時，謂語用復數。The population of China is about 1.4 billion.Two thirds of the population in China are farmers.★6.疑問代詞作主語時，其謂語也有兩種情況：主語表示復數意義，謂語用復數；主語表示單數意義，則謂語用單數。

Who is your brother?Who are League members?

★7.what 從句作主語時，表示單數意義，則謂語用單數；表示復數意義，謂語用復數。

What we need is more time.What they need are books.★8.many a ＋單數名詞(許多??)； more than one ＋單數名詞(不止一??)作主語，盡管意思是復數，但謂語動詞還是用單數。Many a ship has been damaged in the storm.◆注： “more than +基數詞＋復數名詞”結構或“more ＋復數名詞＋ than one做主語時，謂語用復數。

More than twenty students are playing football on the playground.More members than one are against your plan.★9.算式中的主謂一致

（1）兩數相加、相乘：此時謂語動詞可用單數也可用復數。E.g.Fifteen and five is/are twenty.Five times six is / are thirty.(2)兩數相減、相除；此時謂語用單數 e.g.Fifteen minus five is/ leaves ten.Fifteen divided by five is / makes three.三、就近一致原則（謂語與離它最近的主語保持一致）由連詞not…but…, or, either…or, neither…nor,not only…but also,等連接的并列主語，謂語采用就近一致原則，與最靠近它的主語一致。There be句型、以here be開頭的句子謂語也采用就近一致原則。Not you but he is to blame.Not only students but also their teacher is against the plan.Neither you nor I am a student.There is an apple and three oranges on the table.There are three oranges and an apple on the table.四、就遠一致原則 主語后面跟有with，together with，along with，as well as，but ,except, besides, like，including, rather than, in addition to等引導的介詞短語+其它名詞時，謂語動詞與前面的主語一致。

The women with two children is my aunt.Everyone here, including children and old people, is for the plan.Mary, along with her boyfriend, goes climbing every Sunday.?？键c

1.用one, every one, each one, any one, each, either,neither 等+ of +復數名詞/人稱代詞作主語

2.由連詞not…but…, or, either…or, neither…nor,not

only…but also,等連接的并列主語，謂語采用就近一致原則。

3.all/most/ part /some/none/half/plenty/a lot/lots/ the rest/

分數/百分數+of+ n.等短語作主語時。

4.主語后面跟有with，together with，along with，as

well as，but, like，including等引導的介詞短語+其它名詞時，謂語動詞與前面的主語一致。

5.people, police, staff，cattle, crew等作主語時，謂語動

詞要用復數。

6.集體名詞family, class, team, group ,government,audience, crowd, company等表整體/成員時。

7.成雙成套的詞如glasses, shoes, trousers, chopsticks,scissors，socks等作主語。

8.a number of和 the number of后面加復數名詞或代詞

作主語。

9.由“a/this kind of, many kinds of”或‘n.+ of this kind’

短語作主語時，謂語與of前的名詞保持一致。

10.表時間、金錢、距離、價格、度量衡等的名詞或短語

作主語時，看作一整體，謂語用單數。11.“the +形容詞”作主語，謂語用復數。12.and連接的并列主語指同一概念

C．has been2．Look!There ___ playing with the tourists on Yinhe Square.B．are a number of deers C．is a number of deerD．is a number of deers 3．Both Lily and Lucy ________ to the party yesterday.A．invitedB．was invited C．had invited4．Eachofthestudents______ adictionary.A.haveB.isC.are

5．How time flies!Ten years ________ passed.A.haveC.isD.are

6．Not only his parents but also his brother ________to the Summer Palace.They haven’t been back.A.have beenB.have goneC.has been7．Look!There _______ playing with the tourists on Dahe Square.B.are a number of deersC.is a number of deerD.is a number of deers 8．The Smiths ______ sending e-mails _______ letters, because it is faster．

B．prefer，to write C．prefers，to writingD．prefers，to write 9．Everyone except Bill and Jim ______there when the meeting began.B.isC.areD.were

10．Either Jane or Steven _____ watching TV now． A．wereC．areD.was 11．Since 2000, Nanchang has become a new city.Everything ______.A.are changedB.was changedD.had changed

12.The Olympic Games _______ held every______ years.A.is，fourC.is，fiveD.are，five 13.Look, there come some _______.A.dogB.horseD.cow

14.The injured in the tsunami _____ good care of by some medical teams.解題誤區：

一、誤認主語 1.倒裝句

(誤填are)

2.主語后帶介詞for health.(誤填are)

3.“one of +名詞復數”作主語。4.定語從句中

(誤填was)

(誤填were)

二、被主語表象迷惑

1.看似復數實為單數physics, maths, news.2.看似單數實為復數police, staff, cattle 3.單復同形Are there any sheep on the farm.4.集合名詞作主語 class, team, family

三、主語想當然

1.表時間、金錢、距離、價格等的名詞或短語作主

語

Two days is a minute for him when he is with his girlfriend.(誤填are)

2.就近一致和就遠一致中的主語確定

練習

1．Not only his parents but also his brother ________ to the Summer Palace.They haven’t been back.A．have beenB．have gone

A.is takenA.are;areB.is;isD.are;isC.are takingD.is being taken 30.My shirt _____ white and my trousers _____ blue.15.It is not J.K.Rowling but her works that _____ us A.are;areB.are;isC.is;isexcited.31.------Two months _______ quite a long time.A.makesD.are made------Yes.I’m afraid that he will miss a lot of lessons.16.On the closet _____ a pair of trousers his parents boughtB.areC.wasD.were for his birthday.32.He is one of the boys who _____ here on time.He is the A.lyingC.lieD.is laid only one of the boys who _____ here on time.17.Each man and each woman _____ asked to help when theA.has come;have comefire broke out.C.has come;has comeD.have come;have comeA.isC.areD.were 33.Either you or he _____ interested in playing chess._____ 18.About 60 percent of the students _____ from the south;you or he fond of music at present?

the rest of them _____ from thenorth and foreign countries.C.are;IsD.is;IsA.are;isB.is;isC.is;are34.Many a professor _____ looking forward to visiting 19.They said the eighteenth and last lesson _____ quite easy.Germany now.Many scientists _____ studied animals andA.isC.areD.were plants in the last two years.20.---When are you going to Kunming for your holidays?B.is;hasC.are;haveD.is;are---I haven’t decided.___ this Sunday ___ next Sunday is OK.35.A knife and a fork _____ on the table.A knife and fork A.Both;and_____ on the table.C.Neither;ofD.Not only;but alsoA.is;isB.are;areD.is;are21.The paper for books and new papers ___ made of wood.36.Her family _____ much larger than mine four years ago.A.areC.hasD.have Her family _____ dancing and singing when I came in last 22.Not only my brother but also I______ good at painting.night.Both of us ______good painters.A.are...areC.is...isD.are...is 37.The box of rubbers ____ white.23._______ of them has his own opinion.B．areC．beD．were A.BothB.SomeC.Every38.The writer and teacher ____ coming now.24.Are there any _______ in the zoo?B．areC．hasD．haveA.horseB.duckC.chicken39.The old man has two children but _____ of them lives 25.One-third of the area _____ covered with green trees.with him.About seventy percent of the trees _____ been planted.A.bothB.noneD.all

A.are;haveB.is;hasD.are;has40.How and why Jack came to China _____unknown.When

and where to build the new library _____ not been decided.26.The number of teachers in our college _____ greatly

D.are;have

increased last term.A number of teachers in this school _____ from the countryside.D.were;is27.What _____ the population of China? One-third of the population _____ workers here.B.are;areC.is;isD.are;is28.Not only he but also we _____ right.He as well as we _____ right.A.are;areC.is;isD.is;are 29.What he’d like _____ a digital watch.What she’d like _____ textbooks.

第五篇：倒裝語法總結

倒裝語法總結

一、定義

自然語序：Iwillneverdothat.倒裝語序： Whenwillyoucometoseeme?

HerecomesMs.Shao.二、倒裝例句

I will never do that.Never will I do that.Mr.Su, Mr.Yang and three other teachers were present at the meeting.Present at the meeting were Mr.Su, Mr.Yang and three other teachers.There was a farm house.There was little boy sitting in front of it.There was a farm house.In front of it sat a little boy.三、倒裝的分類：倒裝分為完全倒裝和部分倒裝：完全倒裝：整個謂語移至主語之前，例如：Here comes the bus.；

部分倒裝：只把系動詞，情態動詞，助動詞或表語，即謂語的一部分放在主語之前，例如： Only then did he realize that he was wrong.四、倒裝的應用

（一）完全倒裝 1.直接引語在句首 “You are late,” whispered the little child.“Do you think it is beautiful?” he asked.“Look out!” the little child was crying.2.Here/There/Now/Then + 不及物動詞(come/go/begin/follow)Now comes your turn to give us a talk.Then began the revolution.Herehecomes.2.表示方位或方向的介詞短語或副詞短語放在句首，用倒裝語序。

Out rushed the boy from the house.In came a girl he had never seen before.Behind the tree was a house.Out he rushed.1

3.強調表語或狀語，或使上下文緊密銜接時，用倒裝語序。

South of the city lies a big steel factory.Gone are the days when women were looked down upon.He arrived at an old church, in front of which stood a big crowd of people.Written on the blackboard are the key words of this unit.4.There + 不及物動詞

be/lie/stand/hang/appear/seem/exist/live… There lives an old man in the mountain.There stood a pine tree in front of the house.There still exist some problems.（二）部分倒裝

1.以so/nor/neither開頭的句子，表示前文情況同樣適用于后文。謂語時態，形式與前句一致。

Society has changed and so have the people in it.I don’t like math and neither does Tom.I don’t know and nor do I care.—It is cold today.—So it is.—So was it yesterday.2.否定意義的副詞或短語用在句首

Little did he know who the woman was.In no way should we give up fighting.直到我開始工作，我才意識到我之前浪費了很多時間：I realize I had wasted much time.他不僅讀完了那本書，而且能記住大部分內容。Not onlybut Not until…

Not only did he read the book, but also he remembered what he had read.never

seldomnowhereno longerlittle not a bit not only…but… barely not untilin no way by no means in no case in vainnot onceon no account at no timeunder no circumstances 3.Hardly/Scarcely…when…;No sooner…than…

4.某些頻度副詞用在句首

often, always, once, many a time,now and then…

Often do I think of him.Many a time has he helped me with my homework.5.so/such…that…中 so + adj./adv.或such…用在句首

In such a hurry did he leave that he forgot to lock the door.So loudly did he speak that he was heard upstairs.6.only在句首修飾狀語(副詞、介詞短語或狀語從句)時用倒裝語序

7.多數疑問句都為倒裝語序

Where do you live?

Who did that?

（三）特殊結構

1.虛擬條件句的倒裝。

Had you reviewed your lessons, you might have passed the exam.If I were to do the work, I should do it some other way.Were I to do the work, I should do it some other way.2.讓步狀語從句

形容詞/名詞/副詞/實義動詞 + as + 主語 + 動詞/系動詞/助動詞

Pretty as she is, she is not clever.as I like it, I won’t buy it.Try as he might, he couldn’t open the door.五、倒裝翻譯句子

1.大約在二十三個世紀之前，在希臘有一位叫做亞里士多德的思想家。

About twenty-three centuries ago, there lived in Greece a great thinker named Aristotle.2.門開了，進來一些手里拿著花的女孩兒。

The door opened, and in came some girls with flowers in their hands.3.要是他以前每天練習閱讀和口語的話，他現在就會說得非常好了

Had he practiced reading and speaking English every day, he would speak it well enough now.4.字典是我們最好的老師。它不但教我們詞匯的意思，還教我們如何使用它們。

A good dictionary is our best teacher.Not only does it teach us the meaning of words, but also teaches us how to use them.5.雨一停士兵們就又上路了。

Scarcely had it stopped raining when the soldiers started on their way again.6.我昨晚睡覺的時候還在下雨。雨直到半夜才停。

It was still raining when I went to bed.Not until midnight did it stop raining.7.經過了一天繁重的勞動后，我累得都快站不住了。

So tired was I after a whole day’s heavy work that I could hardly stand on my feet.8.山頂上有一座廟，這些僧侶們曾經在那里住過。

On the top of the hill stands a temple, where the monks once lived.9.盡管她很年輕，她對于這項工作很有經驗。

Young as she is, she is quite experienced in the work.10.昨天晚上直到我寫完作業才睡覺。

Last night, not until I finished my homework did I go to bed.