第一篇:英語語法術語總結(共)
英語語法術語總結
主語 subject
謂語 predicate賓語 object
雙賓語 dual object直接賓語 direct object間接賓語 indirect object補語 complement
主補 subject complement賓補 object complement表語 predicative定語 attribute同位語 appositive狀語 adverbial
讓步狀語concessive clause 格 case
普通格 common case所有格 possessive case主格 nominative case賓格 objective case語態 voice
主動語態 active voice
被動語態 passive voice語氣 mood
陳述語氣 indicative mood祈使語氣 imperative mood虛擬語氣 subjunctive mood否定 negation
全部否定 full negation局部否定 partial negation轉移否定 shift of negation倒裝語序 inversion
全部倒裝 full inversion部分倒裝 partial inversion直接引語 direct speech間接引語 indirect speech
附加(反義)疑問句 tag question冠詞 article
定冠詞 definite article
不定冠詞 indefinite article代詞 pronoun
感嘆詞 exclamation
形容詞 adjective
副詞 adverb
介詞 preposition
連詞 conjunction
可數名詞 countable noun
不可數名詞 uncountable noun專有名詞 proper noun
第二篇:英語語法術語.課堂教學用語
常見的語法術語摘要
1.名詞 noun
動詞 verb
形容詞 adjective 數詞 numeral
代詞 pronoun 2.介詞 preposition
副詞 adverb
連詞 conjunction 冠詞 article 感嘆詞 interjection 3.結構:structure
簡單句 simple sentences
并列句 compound sentences 4.復合句 complex sentences 倒裝句 inverted sentences 省略句 elliptical sentences 5.陳述句 declarative sentences
疑問句 interrogative sentences 6.祈使句 imperative sentences
感嘆句 exclamatory sentences
7.否定句 negative sentences
被動句 passive sentences
8.虛擬語氣句 subjunctive sentences
同義句 synonymous sentences 9.歧義句 ambiguous sentences
委婉句 euphemisms
強調句 emphasis 10.疑難句 difficult sentences
敘述句 narrative sentences
說明句 expository sentences 11.議論句 argumentative sentences
人物描寫句 descriptive sentences of people 12.動作描寫句:descriptive sentences of actions
13.環境描寫句 descriptive sentences of environment 14.日常口語句 sentences for everyday talk 15.實用情景句 sentences of actual situations 16.課堂教學句 sentences of classroom teaching 17.名人語句 quotations
格言句 maxims
諺語句 proverbs 18.狀語 adverbial
補語 complement
賓語 object 賓語補助語 objective complement 19.表語 predicative
主語 subject
謂語 predicate
謂語動詞 finite verb
20.21.22.23.非謂語動詞 non-finite verb
情態動詞 modal verb 并列 coordination
選擇 alternative
轉折 transition
對比 contrast
原因 cause
結果 effect
解釋 explanation 動詞時態 verb tenses
24.一般現在時 simple present(tense)25.一般過去時 simple past(tense)
一般將來時
simple future(tense)26.過去將來時 future(tense)in the past
現在完成時 present perfect(tense)27.過去完成時 past perfect(tense)
將來完成時 future perfect(tense)28.現在進行時 present continuous(tense)
過去進行時 past continuous(tense)29.將來進行時 future continuous(tense)
30.現在完成進行時 present perfect continuous(tense)31.主句 main clause
從句
subordinate clause 32.限定性定語從句 restrictive attributive clause 33.非限定性定語從句 non-restrictive attributive clause 34.賓語從句 object clause
壯語從句 adverbial clause
主語從句 subject clause 35.表語從句 predicative clause
同位語從句 appositive clause 36.雙重復合句 double complex sentences
37.多重復合句 multiple complex sentences 38.插入語 parenthesis
39.IT引導的句子 IT sentences 40.THERE引導句 THERE sentences 41.省略名詞 omission of noun 42.判斷句 statements
列舉句 enumeration
比較句 comparison
讓步句 concession 43.一般疑問句 general question
特殊疑問句 special question 44.45.46.47.選擇疑問句 alternative question
反意疑問句 disjunctive question 陳述式疑問句 declarative question
省略疑問句 elliptical question 一般否定 general negation
全部否定 complete negation
部分否定 partial negation 雙重否定 double negation
否定句 negative sentences
肯定句 affirmative sentences 48.主格 subjective case
賓格 objective case
所有格 possessive case 49.單數與復數 singular and plural
語序 word order
50.不定式 infinitive
動名詞 gerund
現在分詞 present participle 51.主動的 active
被動的 passive
語態 voice
標點符號 punctuation mark 52.抽象的 abstract
具體的 concrete
名言 saying
語氣 mood 53.典故 allusion
習語 idiom
俚語 slang 外來語 foreign word
行話 jargon 54.直接引語 direct speech
間接引語 indirect speech
命題 proposition
課堂教學句 sentences of classroom teaching
開始上課 beginning of the class 1.我們開始吧 Let’s start/ Let’s begin now 2.讓我們開始上課 Let’s begin our lesson.3.今天我們上新課,先學生詞,然后讀課文 We are going to have a new lesson today.We’ll learn the new words first.Then we’ll read the text.4.我們先學課文,然后提問。如果還有時間,就進行聽寫 First we’ll study the text, then I’ll ask you some questions.If time permits, we’ll have a short dictation.5.今天的課這樣上:先講課文,然后用替換詞做句型練習二。最后做一些書面練習。Today, the class will be conducted in this way: First we’ll go over the text.Then we’ll do pattern drill II with the substitutes.And finally we’ll do some written exercises.6.我們今天要全面復習我們所學過的東西 Today we’ll have a general review of what we have learned so far.7.我們把昨天學的內容溫習一下 We’ll go over a little of what we did yesterday.教學用語 Teaching 1.昨天我們講到第45頁的第三行,今天我們接著講 Yesterday we went as far as the third line on page 45.Today we’ll go on with the text.2.我們接著昨天的講 Let’s start from where we left off yesterday.3.我記得我們還有三段課文未講,我希望今天能把這課講完 I remember we have three paragraphs to do.I hope I can wind up the lesson today.4.今天我們上新課,請把書翻到第20頁 Today we are taking up a new lesson.Please turn to page 20.5.我們先讀詞匯表。蘇桌,請你讀生詞 We shall take the word list first.Su Zhuo, please read the new words.6.今天我們講課文 Today we’ll go over the text.7.這篇課文時由一個短篇小說改寫的 This text is adapted from a short story.8.我給你們講一下作者的生平I’ll tell you something about the author’s life.9.現在我把第20頁上的課文讀一遍 Now I’ll read the text on page 20.10.現在我把課文給大家讀一遍,你們聽一下 Now I am going to read the text once for you to listen to.11.現在你們聽的時候不要看書 Now listen without looking at your books.12.我把課文從頭到文讀一遍,你們仔細聽 I’ll read the text through once.Follow me carefully.13.我先讀課文,請標上重音 Now I’ll read the text first.Mark the stressed syllables.14.我想你們都預習了課文。誰來講講課文的大意? I think you’ve all previewed the text.Who would like to say something about the text? 15.現在我給你們講一講課文大意 Now I’ll give you the general idea of the text.16.我想將這一段讀一遍,然后再解釋難句 I’ll read this paragraph first and then explain the difficult sentences.17.你們對于這一段有什么問題嗎?Have you got any questions about this paragraph? 18.還有問題嗎?如果沒有,我就講下一段 Are there any questions? If not, I’ll explain the next paragraph.19.現在我把課文譯成中文 Now I’ll put(translate/change)the text into Chinese.20.現有我一個人讀,然后你們跟我讀 I’ll read it alone first, and then you read after me.21.現在你們輪流讀課文,王芳,你先讀Now you are going to read the text one by one.Wang Fang, you start reading first.22.現在請劉娜領著大家讀課文 Now Liu Na, suppose you read the text.You others read after her, please.23.請從頭讀起 Please read from the beginning.24.請跳過這一段,從下一段開始 Please skip this paragraph, and start with the next paragraph.25.這篇文章的主題是什么? What is the theme of this essay? 26.還有5分鐘,我們可以把課文在讀一遍 There are still 5 minutes left.So we have time to read the text once more.練習Exercise 1.我們現在做句型練習Now let’s do pattern drills.2.請看替換詞 Look at the substitutes.3.我讀句型并先做一遍,然后你們照樣做 I’ll read the sentence pattern and do it first, then you do the same.4.請按句型造句 Make sentences after the given patterns.5.現在我們互相提問,然后請一位同學總結全課 Now we’ll ask each other questions.Then one of you will sum up the lesson.6.現在我們來進行復述 Now let’s do some retelling.7.現在請復述課文 Now try to retell the text.8.想想看 Think it over 9.想一會兒 Think it for a while 10.再試一試 Try again 11.現在試著回答 Now, try to answer.12.我相信,你要是認真想一想,一定能回答好這個問題 I’m sure you can answer this question well, if you think hard.13.你能舉幾個例子嗎?Can you give some examples? 14.有什么錯誤嗎?Is there anything wrong?/ Any more mistakes? 15.有什么評論嗎?Any comments? 16.請到黑板前面來 Come to the blackboard 17.回到座位去 Go back to your seat 18.你能指出哪里有錯嗎?Can you point out any mistakes?
聽寫 dictation 準備聽寫 Get ready for dictation 現在聽寫 Now let’s have dictation.我再念一遍,你們可以檢查一下 Now I’ll read once more, and you check you work.好了,把筆放下 All right, put down your pens.同桌的同學和相交換練習本,互相改一改。Exchange your exercise books with your neighbour and correct each other’s mistakes.把練習本交上來 Hand in your exercise books.把練習本傳到前面來:Pass your exercise books to the front.你們都交了練習本了嗎?Have you all handed in your exercise books?
輔導 coaching 1.有問題嗎?Are there any questions? // Any questions? 2.還有問題嗎?Have you any other questions to ask? 3.你們還有別的問題要問嗎?Is there anything else you want to ask? 4.誰還有問題要問? Does anyone else have any questions to ask? 5.你們還有什么不明白的嗎?Is there anything which you don’t understand? 6.我把各點都講清楚了嗎?Did I make everything clear? 7.也許你沒有搞清我的意思,我再說一遍 I’m afraid you didn’t quite catch my meaning.I’ll say it once more.布置作業 Homework 1.今天我講給你們兩份作業,復習上周的語法,并寫出這個故事的摘要 I’m giving you two sets of homework today.Review last week’s grammar, and write a summary of this story.2.今天的作業是:用黑板上的單詞造句,背誦課文,做第54頁上的練習For today’s homework, make sentences with the words on the blackboard, learn the text by heart and do the exercises on page 54.3.你們的家庭作業是:仔細復習課文,準備口頭回答問題 For your homework, review the text carefully and be prepared to answer questions orally.4.熟讀課文。星期三有一個測驗 Learn the text thoroughly.You will be given a quiz on Wednesday.5.這次作業是給你的朋友寫封英文信,談談你的學校生活 For your homework, write an English letter to a friend, telling him about your life at school.6.今天沒有筆頭作業,星期五我們要做口頭練習。No written work for today.We’ll have oral drill on Friday.7.熟讀今天教的單詞,必須掌握拼寫方法、發音和詞義 Learn the new words taught today.Be sure that you know their spelling, pronunciation and meaning.8.你們做作業前必須復習今天所學的功課 You must review today’s lesson before doing your homework.9.把下列單詞抄寫在本子上 Copy the following words in your exercise book.10.把第二段課文背下來 Learn the second paragraph by heart.評語 Comment 1.從語法上來看,這句話不錯,但它不太符合英語的習慣 Grammatically, it is all right, but it is not quite idiomatic.2.這個句子不合語法 This sentence is grammatically wrong.3.你的回答不很切題 Your answer is not quite to the point.4.這學期你的英語進步很大 Your English has improved greatly this term.5.你現在比以前說的更流利了 You can speak English more fluently now.6.你考試剛剛及格 You just managed to pass the exam.7.你學習不夠努力。你必須更努力些 You did not work hard enough.You must strive to work harder.8.你期末考試很差 You did very poorly in the final exam.9.我希望你們再接再厲 I hope you’ll persist in your efforts.考試 examination 1.把名字寫在試卷上 Put your name on our examination paper.2.交卷前仔細把試卷檢查一遍 Go over your papers carefully before you hand them in.3.補考將在下學期開學初舉行 The make-up exam will be at the beginning of the next term.4.你的英語要補考 You will have to take a make-up exam in English.5.你們許多人都考得很好 Many of you got good marks.下課 end of the class 1.今天的課就到這里 That’s all for today.2.休息時間到了 It’s time for break/recess.3.時間到了 Our time is up.4.現在我們休息一下 Now let’s have a break.5.我們休息10分鐘 Let’s rest for 10 minutes.6.課上完了 The lesson is over.7.下課 Class is over/ dismissed.
第三篇:英語語法總結
小 學 英 語 語 法 總 結 1
一、名詞:
1、專有名詞:(1)人名(2)街道和建筑(3)星期月份節日(3)國家城市(4)大洲大洋江湖
2、普通名詞:(1)直接加s(2)以s x ch sh結尾的+es(3)以 y結尾的把y 改成 i+es(4)o結尾的+es特
殊的photo→photos tomato→tomatoes(5)f、fe結尾的改 f、fe為 v+es ,⑹oo 結尾+szoo-zoos⑺ woman→women,child-children⑻ 單數復數形式相同
3、可數名詞:
4、不可數名詞:⑴不能加s⑵前面不能用 a,an,可以用 the⑶一類事物不可數名詞做主語,謂語動詞用單數⑷兩
類以上不可數名詞做主語,謂語用復數⑸ a cup of tea5、名詞的所有格:⑴單數名詞詞尾+’s⑵詞尾不是s的復數名詞詞尾+’s⑶詞尾是s的復數名詞詞尾+’⑷店鋪教
堂某人的家時,所有格’s后面通常不出現它所修飾的名詞⑸分別+’s,最后一個人名+’s⑹ of用在沒有生命上,’s用在有生命上
二、冠詞:
6、不定冠詞 a an7、定冠詞 the ⑴特定人或物⑵用于上文提到的人或事⑶世上獨一無二的事物⑷形容詞前⑸序數詞,形容詞最高級⑹由普通名詞構成的專有名詞前⑺樂器⑻姓氏的復數名詞前:一家人⑼ only very same前
8、不用定冠詞的情況:⑴國家地名人名⑵復數名詞⑶季節月份星期⑷三餐球類娛樂運動
三、代詞
9、人稱代詞
10、物主代詞⑴形容性物主代詞my his her our their ⑵名詞性物主代詞mine his ours them11、反身代詞myself12、指示代詞thisthesethatthose13、疑問代詞whowhomwhosewhichwhat14、不定代詞⑴some,any,no修飾可數名詞,不可數名詞。Some肯定句any否定和疑問 no 用在肯定句中表示否定⑵many,much,a few,a little,few,little ⑶-body,-one,-thing.everybody,somebody,anybody,nobody,everyone,someone,anyone,no one,everything,something,anything,nothing.四、形容詞
15形容詞種類和位置
16形容詞比較等級及構成:⑴以e結尾+er,+est.⑵以y結尾→ier→iest⑶重讀閉音節末尾只有一個輔音字母的雙寫詞尾+er,+est.⑷兩個或兩個以上音節的詞前+more+most.17形容詞比較等級的用法:⑴兩者比較:s+形容詞原形+as⑵兩者比較:容詞比較級+than⑶三個比較:the+最高級+
范圍
五、副詞
18副詞種類和位置
19副詞比較等級及構成 badly-worse-worst,much-more-must
20副詞比較等級的用途
六、數詞
21基數詞:100,a/one handred101one handred and one,4000 four thousand1000000(一百萬)one million 1000000000
(十億)one billion
22序數詞
23時刻表示法⑴5:30 five thirty或 half past five
⑵9:05 nine five或five past nine⑶6:50six fifth或ten to seven
⑷7:15 a quarter past seven或seven fifteen⑸8:45 a quarter to nine或eight forth-five 24日期表示法⑴2009年6月2日June 2nd,2009或2nd of June ,2009英語里面:月 日 年
⑵1995年 nineteenninety-five
1826年eigteen oh six
⑶5月8日寫May 8th讀May the eighth或May eight
小 學 英 語 語 法 總 結 2
⑷9月1日寫September 21(st)讀September the twenty-firstSeptember 或 twenty-one
25數詞其他幾種用法⑴1/3 one third2/5 two fifths
⑵21.6 twenty-one point six0.008 zero point zero zero eigth
⑶5%five percent0.8%zero point eight percent
⑷一倍once兩倍twice六倍six times
⑸第503房間Room 50315美元15dollors=$1英鎊1pound=£
七、介詞
26時間介詞:at, on ,in, before, after, from, during
27方位介詞:on ,in, over, under, behind ,infront of,near,among
28其他一些常見介詞用法:by,in,for,of,about,like,with
八、連詞和感嘆詞
29連詞:and, but, or, becausealthough/though,both……and,not only……but also,neither……nor既不……也不
(并列)either……or或者.....或者(選擇)
30感嘆詞
九、動詞
31動詞種類⒈及物動詞直接接賓語。
2不及物動詞不直接接賓語。
3助動詞:do , does,did.4.系動詞be,(am,is,are)look(看起來)smell(聞起來)get(變得)become(成為)seem(似乎)turn
(變成)
5情態動詞:can,may,must,will,shall,should,need
32動詞基本形式
十、動詞時態(一般現在時、一般過去時、一般將來時、現在進行時、現在完成時、過去進行時、過去
完成時、過去將來時共8個時態)
33一般現在時:⑴含有be動詞(am is are)⑵不含有be動詞動詞用三單、疑問句Do、Does,否定句don’t、doesn’t 34一般過去時:⑴含有be動詞(was were)⑵不含有be動詞動詞變為過去式,疑問句Did否定句didn’t+yesterday… 35一般將來時:⑴主語+be(am is are)going to do⑵主語+will+動詞原形 ⑶主語+shall+動詞原形+tomorrow過去將來時:⑴主語+(was were)+動詞原形⑵主語+would+動詞原形
36現在進行時:⑴主語+be(am is are)+ 動詞ing
37過去進行時:⑴主語+be(werewas)+ 動詞ing
38現在完成時:主語+havehas+動詞過去分詞 since,過去完成時:主語+had+動詞過去分詞
十一、陳述句
39陳述句的分類
十二、疑問句
40一般疑問句
41特殊疑問句:what,whose,who,which,when,where ,why,how(tall, old, long, many, much)
42選擇疑問句,反義疑問句
十三、祈使句
十四、感嘆句
1.What+a +形容詞+可數名詞單數+主語+謂語
2.How+形容詞+主語+謂語
3.How+ 副詞+主語+謂語
十五、There be :There is,There are
第四篇:初一英語語法總結
初一英語語法總結
在我們身邊,經常會看到學生為語法感到頭疼的現象,中學階段的學生經常說語法太難了,語法對于很多初中學生來說簡直是一片空白,如果不懂得語法就沒辦法翻譯,更談不上對篇章的理解了。下面是小編給大家匯總的語法知識點,希望對大家有所幫助。
一、詞法
1、名詞
A)、名詞的數我們知道名詞可以分為可數名詞和不可數名詞,而不可數名詞它沒有復數形式,但可數名詞卻有單數和復數之分,復數的構成如下:
一)在后面加s。如:fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas
二)x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如:boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes
三)1)以輔音字母加y結尾的變y為i再加es 如:baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories
2)以元音字母加y結尾的直接加s。如:day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways
四)以o結尾加s(外來詞)。如:radios, photos, 但如是輔音加o的加es:如: tomatoes西紅柿, potatoes馬鈴薯
五)以f或fe結尾的變f為v再加es(s)。如:knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves
六)單復數相同(不變的)有:fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese
七)一般只有復數,沒有單數的有:people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks
八)單詞形式不變,既可以是單數也可以是復數的有:police警察局,警察, class班,同學, family家,家庭成員
九)合成的復數一般只加主要名詞,多數為后一個單詞。如:action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals;但如果是由man或woman所組成的合成詞的復數則同時為復數。如:man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers
十)有的單復數意思不同。如:fish魚 fishes魚的種類, paper紙 papers報紙,卷子,論文, work工作 works作品,工廠, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯,眼鏡, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光線 lights燈, people人 peoples民族, time時間 times時代, 次數, chicken 雞肉 chickens 小雞
十一)單個字母的復數可以有兩種形式直接加s或’s。如:Is(I’s), Ks(K’s)。但如是縮略詞則只加s。如:IDs, VCDs, SARs
十二)特殊形式的有:child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen
B)名詞的格
當我們要表示某人的什么東西或人時,我們就要使用所有格形式。構成如下:
一)單數在后面加’s。如:brother’s, Mike’s, teacher’s
二)復數以s結尾的直接在s后加’,如果不是以s結尾的與單數一樣處理。如:Teachers’ Day教師節, classmates’;Children’s Day六一節, Women’s Day三八節
三)由and并列的名詞所有時,如果是共同所有同一人或物時,只加最后一個’s,但分別擁有時卻分別按單數形式處理。如:Mike and Ben’s room邁克和本的房間(共住一間),Mike’s and Ben’s rooms邁克和本的房間(各自的房間)
2、代詞
項目 人稱代詞 物主代詞 指示代詞 反身代詞
人稱 主格 賓格 形容詞 名詞性
第一人稱 單數 I me my mine myself
復數 we us our ours ourselves
第二人稱 單數 you you your yours yourself
復數 you you your yours yourselves
第三人稱 單數 she her her hers herself
he him his his himself it it its its this that itself
復數 they them their theirs these those themselves
3、動詞
A)第三人稱單數
當動詞是第三人稱單數時,動詞應該像名詞的單數變動詞那樣加s,如下:
一)一般在詞后加s。如:comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains
二)在x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如:watches, washes, wishes, finishes
三)1)以輔音字母加y結尾的變y為i再加es。如:study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries
2)以元音字母加y結尾的直接加s。如:plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys
四)以o結尾加es。如:does, goes 五)特殊的有:are-is, have-has
B)現在分詞
當我們說某人正在做什么事時,動詞要使用分詞形式,不能用原形,構成如下:
一)一般在后加ing。如:spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing
二)以不發音e的結尾的去掉e再加ing。如:dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having
三)以重讀閉音節結尾且一個元音字母+一個輔音字母(注意除開字母組合如show –showing, draw-drawing)要雙寫最后的輔音字母再加ing。如:put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning
四)以ie結尾的變ie為y再加ing。如:tie-tying系 die-dying死 lie-lying 位于
4、形容詞的級
我們在對兩個或以上的人或物進行對比時,則要使用比較或最高級形式。構成如下:
一)一般在詞后加er或est(如果是以e結尾則直接加r或st)。如:greater-greatest, shorter –shortest, taller –tallest, longer –longest, nicer-nicest, larger-largest
二)以重讀閉音節結尾且1個元音字母+1個輔音字母(字母組合除外,如few-fewer fewest)結尾的雙寫結尾的輔音再加er /est。如:big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest三)以輔音字母+y結尾的變y為i加er/est。如:happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier
sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest
四)特殊情況:(兩好多壞,一少老遠)
good/wellmore most bad/ill – worse worstlittle-less least old-older/elder oldest/eldest far-farther/further farthest/furthest
5、數詞(基變序,有規則;一、二、三,自己背;五、八、九、十二;其它后接th;y結尾,變為i, eth跟上去。)first, second, third;fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth;seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth;twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth
二、句式
1.陳述句
肯定陳述
a)This is a book.(be動詞)
b)He looks very young.(連系動詞)
c)I want a sweat like this.(實義動詞)
d)I can bring some things to school.(情態動詞)
e)There’s a computer on my desk.(There be結構)
否定陳述句
a)These aren’t their books.b)They don’t look nice.c)Kate doesn’t go to No.4 Middle School.d)Kate can’t find her doll.e)There isn’t a cat here.(=There’s no cat here.)
2.祈使句
肯定祈使句 a)Please go and ask the man.b)Let’s learn English!
c)Come in, please.否定祈使句a)Don’t be late.b)Don’t hurry.3.疑問句
1)一般疑問句 a)Is Jim a student? b)Can I help you? c)Does she like salad? d)Do they watch TV? e)Is she reading?
肯定回答: a)Yes, he is.b)Yes, you can.c)Yes, she does.d)Yes, they do.e)Yes, she is.否定回答: a)No, he isn’t.b)No, you can’t.c)No, she doesn’t.d)No, they don’t.e)No, she isn’t.2)選擇疑問句 Is the table big or small? 回答 It’s big./ It’s small.3)特殊疑問句
① 問年齡 How old is Lucy? She is twelve.② 問種類 What kind of movies do you like? I like action movies and comedies.③ 問身體狀況 How is your uncle? He is well/fine.④ 問方式 How do/can you spell it? L-double O-K.How do we contact you? My e-mail address is cindyjones@163.com.⑤ 問原因 Why do you want to join the club?
⑥ 問時間 What’s the time?(=What time is it?)It’s a quarter to ten a.m..What time do you usually get up, Rick? At five o’clock.When do you want to go? Let’s go at 7:00.⑦ 問地方 Where’s my backpack? It’s under the table.⑧ 問顏色 What color are they? They are light blue.What’s your favourite color? It’s black.⑨ 問人物 Who’s that? It’s my sister.Who is the boy in blue? My brother.Who isn’t at school? Peter and Emma.Who are Lisa and Tim talking to?
⑩ 問東西 What’s this/that(in English)? It’s a pencil case.What else can you see in the picture? I can see some broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers.11問姓名 What’s your aunt’s name? Her name is Helen./She’s Helen.What’s your first name? My first name’s Ben.What’s your family name? My family name’s Smith.問哪一個 Which do you like? I like one in the box.問字母 What letter is it? It’s big D/small f.問價格 How much are these pants? They’re 15 dollars.問電話號碼 What’s your phone number? It’s 576-8349.問謂語(動作)What’s he doing? He’s watching TV.問職業(身份)What do you do? I’m a teacher.What’s your father? He’s a doctor.三、時態
1、一般現在時
表示普遍、經常性的或長期性的動作時使用一般現在時,它有:
Be 動詞:She’s a worker.Is she a worker? She isn’t a worker.情態動詞:I can play the piano.Can you play the piano? I can’t play the piano.行為動詞:They want to eat some tomatoes.Do they want to eat any tomatoes? They don’t want to eat any tomatoes.Gina has a nice watch.Does Gina have a nice watch? Gina doesn’t have a watch.2、現在進行時
表示動詞在此時正在發生或進行就使用進行時態,結構為sb be v-ing sth + 其它.I’m playing baseball.Are you playing baseball? I’m not playing baseball.Nancy is writing a letter.Is Nancy writing a letter? Nancy isn’t writing a letter.They’re listening to the pop music.Are they listening the pop music? They aren’t listening to the pop music.曬課網小編小結:語法在英語學習中很重要難度也很大,如果是針對中考或者高考的話,語法是很基礎的東西,首先單選的二十道題都是考察語法點的,其次改錯部分也是針對語法錯誤的改錯,寫作的話寫作也是基礎,你要會用定語從句寫句子肯定要比一個用倆簡單句寫句子的人得分高。其次閱讀的部分,文章中會出現一些長難句,要通過分析句子成分來找中心意思,句子分析這不就是語法的內容么,語法是整個英語的基礎。
第五篇:初中英語語法總結
初中英語語法總結
一、初中英語語法總結之八種時態
1.一般現在時
表示平時經常的、習慣性的動作,描述平時所處的狀態,表達平時存在的特征、有規律的狀態等。
Eg.I drink water every day.我每天都喝水。(習慣性動作)
Eg.She has a beautiful sister.她有一個漂亮的姐姐。(平時的特征)Eg.The moon goes around the earth.月亮繞著地球轉。(規律的狀態)
2.現在進行時
表示正在發生的動作。經常用到的結構有be doing sth.常和now, look, listen這些詞連用。
Eg.She is dancing.她正在跳舞。
3.一般過去時
由謂語動詞的過去式表示,也就是說動詞詞末要加-ed(除不規則動詞外)。常和一般過去時連用的過去時間狀語有:last night(week ,month , year , century , etc.), yesterday ,yesterday morning(afternoon , evening), in 1999 , two hours ago等等。
4.一般將來時
顧名思義,表示將來要發生的動作或計劃。結構有主語+will+動詞原形和主語+be going to do。
Eg.I will go to the zoo in this weekend.這個周末我將要去動物園。Eg.Lisa is going to have dinner.莉莎馬上要吃晚飯了。
5.現在完成時
表示過去已經完成的動作對現在造成影響或后果。Eg.I have watched that movie.我已經看過那部電影了。
6.過去進行時
表示過去某個時刻或時間段正在進行的事情或動作。結構是was/were+現在分詞。Eg.What was he doing at home last night? 昨天晚上他在家干什么?
7.過去將來時
表示過去的某時以后將要發生的動作。
Eg.He didn't expect that we would all be there.他沒料到我們會全在那兒。
8.過去完成時
表示在過去某一時間或動作之前已經發生或完成了的動作,也就是“過去的過去”。主要結構是助動詞 had +過去分詞,had 通用于各種人稱。
Eg.She had finished writing the report by 9:00 this morning.今天早晨9點之前,她已經寫完了報告。
二、初中英語語法總結之三種從句
1.賓語從句
在復合句中,由一個句子充當賓語,這個句子叫做賓語從句。賓語從句主要有三種類型,分別是that引導的賓語從句、if或whether引導的賓從、連接代詞和連接副詞引導的賓語從句。常見的賓語從句引導詞:that、if、whether、what、who、where、why和how。
Eg.I am sad that you refused me.我很難過你拒絕了我。
2.定語從句
定語從句在中考和高考中出現的頻率都非常高。在復合句中,修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。定語從句一般放在先行詞的后面。常見的關系代詞包括that,which,who(賓格whom,所有格whose),as 等,關系副詞包括where,when,why等。
Eg.Lily likes music that is quiet and gentle.瑪麗喜歡輕柔的音樂。
3.狀語從句 狀語從句就是由一個句子在復合句中充當狀語。所以狀語從句又可以分為時間狀語從句、地點狀語從句、原因狀語從句、目的狀語從句、結果狀語從句等等。每種狀語從句都有特定的引導詞: 地點狀語從句:where,wherever 時間狀語從句:when, while, as, before, until, till, since 原因狀語從句:because, since,as, now that, not that…, but that…, seeing that, considering that, in that 目的狀語從句:so, so that, in order that, that, to the end that, in case,for fear that,lest 結果狀語從句:so...that, such that, so that, with the result that 條件狀語從句:if,unless,if only,only if,in case,suppose/supposing(that),provided/providing(that),on condition that,so/as long as 方式狀語從句:as, as if, as though 讓步狀語從句:though, although, as, even if, even though, whether, no matter whether...or, no matter with 比較狀語從句:as...as, not as/so...as, than, the more...the more...三、初中英語語法總結之兩種語態
在主動語態中,主語后面接人(be +動詞原型),被動語態(be+動詞過去分詞)。在主動語態中,主語是謂語動詞的使動方。在被動語態中,主語是謂語動詞的受動方。學習被動語態時,不僅要知道被動語態的各種語法結構,還要知道在哪些情況中使用被動語態。
四、初中英語語法總結之易錯點
1.this和that是指示代詞,it是人稱代詞。
2.this, that, these和those是指示代詞,these是this的復數形式,指時間,距離較近的或下面要提到的人或事;those是that的復數形式,指時間、距離較遠或前面已經提到過的人或事物。
3.英語中月份和星期名稱都是專有名詞,它們的首字母必須大寫,并且前面無需用冠詞。
4.不可數名詞沒有單復數之分,用時只當單數詞用;可數名詞有單復數之分。5.以when提問,“什么時候”可以是較長的時間段,也可以是較短的時間點。
語法英語的學習看起來很枯燥,但只要掌握初中英語學習的規律,初中英語語法也可以學得很有趣。快收藏今天的初中英語語法總結吧,期末考試一定能用得上!