第一篇：英語語法+簡易英語語法總結

關于英語那些你不知道的事都在這里

http://m.meten.com/test/quwen.aspx?tid=16-73675-0 簡易英語入門語法1-3級 一 語音部分：

語法（1）元音和輔音：26個字母中，a,e ,i, o ,u 叫元音，其他字母叫輔音。

音標中，發音清脆，氣流不受阻礙的叫元音，發音渾濁，氣流受阻礙的叫輔音。其中聲帶不震動的叫清輔音，如：[p][t]聲帶震動的叫濁輔音，如[d][g]

語法（2）連讀和失去爆破：句子中，當前面單詞結尾是輔音，后面單詞開頭是元音，要連讀。

如：It is a pen.Take it easy.[teIk

It

i:zi:]

當一個爆破輔音和另一個輔音連讀時，往往不讀，即失去爆破。

At ten

that man

語法（3）輔音濁化：一個單詞中，兩個清輔音連讀，后一個變濁輔音，叫輔音濁化。具體變法：

[p] 變[b], 如：sport，[t]變[d]如：stand，[k]變[g],如：school

二語法部分：

語法（1）名詞：表示人或物名稱的詞，叫名詞。名詞分單數和復數。復數詞尾加s 名詞復數詞尾變化規則： 1 一般在詞尾加s:

house-houses, book-books, 2 以 s, x, sh, ch, o結尾，在詞尾加es: bus-buses, glass-glasses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches，potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes, 特殊：radio-radios, zoo-zoos, piano-pianos, photo-photos, 3以輔音加y結尾，y變i加es: story-stories, family-families, baby-babies, 4 以f,fe結尾，把f,fe變成ves: knife-knives,wife-wives

特殊名詞復數

sheep-sheep, fish-fish, man-men, child-children, mouse-mice, woman-women，練習：把下列名詞變成復數，并翻譯。

house，book，bus，glass，box，brush，watch，bird,bed,bag, potato，tomato，radio，zoo，piano，photo，story，family，baby，knife，wife，sheep，fish，man , child,mouse,woman ,cat,mat 讀音規則：

1．元音，濁輔音后發[z]，如：bags, zoos 2.清輔音后發[s], 如：maps,book 3.與t結合發[ts], 如：cats, mats 4.與d結合發[ds], 如：beds, birds

語法（2）代詞：即代替名詞的詞。I我，we我們，you你，你們，he他，she 她，it它，they他（她，它）們 this這，that那，these這些，those那些.Myself我自己

語法（3）動詞：表示人或物動作，狀態的詞。be: is,am,are

實意動詞：play, study, go,do, pass，語法（4）句子結構：

主+謂+賓：I like this pen.They study English.We close our books.我喜歡這支鋼筆。

他們學習英語。

我們合上書。

主+系+表：I am a man.She is a girl.He is old.我是一個男人。

她是一個女孩。

他老了。

語法（5）謂語動詞的第三人稱單數形式：在主+謂+賓句子結構中，當主語是第三人稱單數名詞或代詞時，動詞詞尾要加“s”, 加“s”的方法和名詞復數一樣。

I like English.—He likes English.We play a ball.—XiaoMing plays a ball.其他詞如：watch-watches, pass—passes, do—does, go—goes，study—studies, 主+謂+賓句子的否定和一般問句：

I don’t like English.Do you like English? Yes, I do.No,I don’t.He doesn’t like English.Does he like English? Yes, he does.No, he doesn’t.語法（6）常見句式：

主語+不及物動詞

The little girl smiled.The sun

is

rising.She

is

sleeping.Does

the

coat

fit?

主語+及物動詞+賓語

She knows English.He left school last year.主語+及物動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語

He told us a story.She passed her bread.I ’ll lend you fifty dollars.主語+系動詞+表語

I am a teacher.She looked tired.主語+及物動詞+賓語+賓語補語

The news made us sad.He found the room empty.語法（7）物主代詞的用法：表示“誰的”即物主代詞。

以下物主代詞必須和名詞一起使用: my，our，your，his，her，its，their，以下物主代詞必須單獨使用:

mine，ours, yours，his，hers,--，theirs.例如：This

is

my

book.This

book

is

mine.These are our

pens.These.pens

are

ours.表示人所有用 ’s,如：Ann’s father

Tom’s pen 表示物所有用of,如：the name of the book書名

語法（8）一些簡單的句子結構知識

肯定句：英語肯定句語序基本和中文一樣。如：

I am a teacher.I study English hard.I

can swim.2 否定句：主+謂+賓結構用do not=don’t does not=doesn’t表示：如

He doesn’t study English hard.I don’t get up at six every day.主+系+表結構只需在is ,am ,are后加not即可，如：

I am not a teacher.Tom isn’t in the classroom.3 一般問句: 主+謂+賓結構用do does在句首表示：如

Does he study English hard? Do you get up at six every day?

主+系+表結構只需把is ,am ,are提前到句首t即可，如：

Are you a teacher?

Is Tom in the classroom.? 4 特殊問句: 特殊問句用特殊疑問詞加一般問句，如

Why are you a teacher?

When Is Tom in the classroom.?

What can you see in the picture? 語法（9）動名詞和不定式

英語語法規定，動詞不能做謂語以外的成分。如需要做其他成分，動詞要做形式的變化。

如：我喜歡游泳。I like swimming.（I like to swim.）劃線部分就是動詞做賓語時的兩種形式的變化。前者語法上叫動名詞，后者語法上叫不定式。又如：

My father likes reading a book..Xiao Ming likes playing football.Lily likes dancing.We like watching TV.May likes listening to misic.Ben likes learning English.I like to draw pictures.I

like to

watch TV.May likes to play the piano.語法（10）現在進行時: 表示正在進行的動作要用“主語+be+動詞-ing”的形式，我們把這種形

式叫現在進行時。如： The boys are playing football.My mother is cleaning the room.I am

flying

a

kite.1)What are you doing?

I’m/We’re dancing.What is he/she doing? He’s/She’s washing.What are they doing? They’re….4 2)Are you… ? Yes, I am.(No, I’m not.)

Is he/she… ? Yes, he/she is.(No, he/she isn’t.)

Are they… ? Yes, they are.(No, they aren’t.)動詞加ing的方法：

1一般直接加：playing, watching TV, 2 輔音加不發音e結尾，去e加：

dance-dancing

have lunch-having lunch 3 重讀閉音節一個元音加一個輔音結尾，雙寫輔音加ing:

running，beginning

語法（11）人稱代詞的主格和賓格：人稱代詞有主格和賓格兩種形式：

主格：I

we

you

he

she

it

they

賓格: me

us

you

him

her

it

them

主語用主格，賓語用賓格：I like them..-----They like

me.語法（12）基數詞和序數詞：表示人或物個數的詞叫基數詞。如：one（1）, two（2）,…

表示人或物順序的詞叫序數詞。如：first（第一）, second（第二）, third（第三）fifth（第五）, ninth（第九）, twelfth（第十二）, twentieth（第二十）.除以上七個詞，二十以內序數詞只需將基數詞尾加s即可。如：fourth, sixth…

語法（13）一般將來時：表示將來要進行的動作或狀態用（shall,will或be going to），我們稱為一般將來時。I /We shall go to the cinema this afternoon..今天下午我們將去看電影。

He will go out for a walk.他將去處散步。

shall 和will可用be going to 代替。如：I am going to look after my mother this afternoon.1)What are you going to do?

I’m/We’re going to study in America.What is he/she going to do? He’s/She’s going to be a policeman.What are they going to do?

They’re going to….2)Are you going to… ? Yes, I am.(No, I’m not.)

Is he/she going to… ? Yes, he/she is.(No, he/she isn’t.)

Are they going to… ? Yes, they are.(No, they aren’t.)

語法（14）一般過去時：表示過去進行的動作或狀態用一般過去時。

肯定句中一般用動詞后綴ed的方法表示。如：

I watched TV yesterday.昨天我看電視了。

I played cards with XiaoMing last Sunday.上周日我和小明玩牌了。

I studied English this morning.一般過去時詞尾-ed的加法：

1． 直接加-ed：

watch--

clean— 2.以e結尾,加-d：

live--

phone— 3.以 “輔音+y”結尾y變i加-ed：

study--

carry— 4.重讀閉音節結尾只有一個輔音,雙寫輔音加-ed： stop--

chat—

-ed的發音：

ed-［

d ］play—played

listen—listened clean—cleaned

repair—repaired ed-［

t ］watch—watched look—looked help—helped

ask-asked ed-［ Id ］visit—visited wait—waited 特殊動詞：

do--

am/is--

are— have/has--

come--

go--

see--

take--

句型：

What did you do last night? I watched TV.When did you get up this morning? I got up at six.Where did you go last summer? I went to Hainan with my patents.一些特殊動詞的過去式：go-went, has/have-had, do-did.一般過去時否定句和疑問句用did做助動詞。如： Did you go to school last Sunday ? I didn’t go to school last Sunday.語法（15）現在完成時態

（一）現在完成時態（主語+have/has+過去分詞）表示: 1.開始于過去持續到現在(也許還會持續)的動作。如：

I have studied English since 1988.They have been Beijing since 1949.He has lived here for two years.2 未指明具體時間，表示說話前已經完成，但結果影響至今的動作。如：

He has gone to Shanghai.(=He went to Shanghai and he is not here now.)I have opened the window.(=I opened the window and the window is opened now.)

（二）現在完成時的構成：

主語+have/has+過去分詞（一般同過去式，常用特殊過去分詞見下表）is/am

was

been are

were

been

become

became

become begin

began

begun break

broke

broken bring

brought

brought buy

bought

bought come

came

came cut

cut

cut do

did

done draw

drew

drawn

drink

drank

drunk drive

drove

driven find

found

found get

got

got give

gave

given go

went

gone grow

grew

grown

have/has

had

had hold

held

held keep

kept

kept know

knew

known lay

laid

laid leave

left

left make

made

made read

read

read ring

rang

rung run

ran

run say

said

said see

saw

seen show

showed

shown sing

sang

sung sit

sat

sat sleep

slept

slept

speak

spoke

spoken stand

stood

stood swim

swam

swum take

took

taken teach

taught

taught write

wrote

written

（三）現在完成時態和過去時態的區別： 現在完成時態一般不和明確指出時間的狀語連用。I haven’t seen

him

recently.I

saw

him

yesterday.I have

written

to him twice.I wrote to him last night.She has come

already.She came yesterday.I have seen him this morning.說話時在上午。I saw him this morning.說話時在下午。

語法（16）可數名詞和不可數名詞：可以數清個數的名詞叫可數名詞。如：book, bag…

不可以數清個數的名詞叫不可數名詞。如：rice, water,hair,skin…

問可數名詞多少用how many:

How many birds can you see?你能看見多少只鳥？

How many people are there in your family? 你們家有幾口人？

問不可數名詞多少用how much:

How much is this sweater? 這件毛衣多少錢？

語法（17）冠詞：a, an ,the叫冠詞。a用在后面以輔音字母開頭的單詞前。如：a book.an用在后面以元音字母開頭的單詞前。如：an apple.特殊：an hour

語法（18）過去進行時：表示過去某個時間正在進行的動作。用was/were+v-ing表示。

I was watching TV this time yesterday.語法（19）被動語態：

概念：被動語態是把主謂賓結構中的賓語改寫做主語，相當于漢語中的‘被’字句。

改寫法；原句賓語+be+過去分詞+by+原句主語，例如：

Adam planted 種two apple trees last year.去年 Two apple trees were planted by Adam last year.Adam picked摘 a big red apple this morning.A big red apple was picked by Adam this morning

He gave Jane the big red apple later后來 The big red apple was given to Jane later.2被動語態的作用：（1）突出動作承受者，即賓語，如：His great plan was stopped by his father.(2)不知道或沒必要指出主語時，如：My wallet was stolen.Paper was first invented in China.3被動語態的時態：

（1）一般現在時：is ,am, are +過去分詞

The teacher is loved by her students.（2）一般過去時：was, were +過去分詞 The story was told by her.（3）一般將來時：shall,will+be +過去分詞 The model plane will be made by me.４被動語態的一種常用語：be made of 和be made from 譯為 ：……由……制成

Newspaper is made from paper.報紙由紙制成。（報紙是紙做的）

Pepsi bottle is made of plastic.百事可樂瓶由塑料制成 語法（20）形容詞和副詞: 形容詞:主要修飾名詞和代詞：a thin man ，a dirty coat，I am hungry.副詞：主要修飾動詞，形容詞，和其它副詞，:如：walk slowly，cry loudly

very hungry, too quickly, very much, 一些形容詞后加ly可構成副詞:quick-quickly, happy-happily ,careful-carefully 10 語法（21）形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級:用詞尾加er,est 構成 單音節詞和雙單音節詞構成法

1一般直接加er ,est：cold-colder ,coldest

以e結尾，加r, st : large-larger, largest 3 重讀閉音節一個元音加一個輔音結尾，雙寫輔音加er,est: big-bigger, biggest 4.以 “輔音+y”結尾y變i加er,est:

easy-easier, easiest 特殊變化：goog/well--better, bettest

many/much—more, most

bad—worse, worst 多音節詞用more, most加在單詞前表示： beautiful—more beautiful , most beautiful 例句： The train is longer than the bus.Tom is the hardest in his class.語法（22）句子成分與詞性的關系 1名詞作用

做主語:

A girl stood in the middle of the road.The bag is mine 做賓語:

Please open the window.做表語:

This is an apple.做定語:

We will meet at the school gate.做賓語補語: We made him our monitor.2形容詞作用

做定語:

I have an interesting book.做賓語補語:

The rain made the ground wet.We found the door open.做表語:

I am happy.He looks very healthy.做主語或賓語: The new replaces the old.語法（23）介詞： 關于位置的：in , on, under, next to , between, in front of, behind 11 關于方法的：by(bus,train), with,…(Don’t write with pencil.)和不及物動詞連用連接賓語：arrive at，arrive in, look at, …

語法（24）情態動詞:can , could, may , might, shall, should, need, would, must

語法（25）連詞和復雜句子： 1 2 3 4 5 I met him when I was crossing the street this morning.His mother is worried because she hasn’t had any letter from him.If the weather is fine tomorrow, we shall go to the country.I was in the bath, so I didn’t hear the telephone.He had a drink ,then he went home.關于時間的：

in

the

evening/morning，on

Monday，at

six… 7 8 He is too young to go to school.She has enough money to buy the house.You are not old enough to go to school.三 功能句部分 １ 打招呼/問候

1)Hello/ Hi!你好/ 嗨！

Good morning/ Morning!好的早上/ 早上！Good afternoon!下午好！Good evening!晚上好！2)How do you do? 你好

3)How are you? 你好嗎？(I’m)Fine/Very well/OK, thank you./好，謝謝你。4)Glad to meet/see you.(……, too.)看見你很高興

Nice to meet/see you.(……, too.)２ 介紹

1)自我介紹

I’m…/My name is….我是…/我的名字是….2)介紹他人

This is Mr/ Mrs/ Miss….這是先生/ 太太/ 小姐….３ 道別

Goodbye!Bye-bye/ Bye!

４ 認人

1)Who's he/she? 他/她是誰？

He's/ She's….他/ 她是….Who's that?

That's /It's/He's/She's….2)Are you Mr.Smith?

Yes, I am.(No, I am not.)是，我是。不，我不是

Yes, we are.(No, we aren't.)是，我們是。不，我們不是。

Is he/she…? 他/她是…？ Yes, he/she is.(No, he/she isn't.)5 姓名

What's your name? My name is….What's his/her name? His/Her name is….姓名是一種符號，它是社會上人們相互區別的標志。但人們在取名時卻賦予了它某種特殊的含義，希望它體現某種精神或象征某種事物，能給自己帶來好運等。那么，你知道下面這些英美姓名的含義嗎？

English Chinese Meaning

Alice 艾麗斯 真理

Ann 安 高雅

Grace 格雷斯 優美、雅致

Jane 簡 明亮的火焰

Jone 瓊 年青

Linda 琳達 美麗

Lucy 露茜 光明

Mary 瑪麗 辛勞

Mona 莫娜 和平使者

Read 里德 讀書

Smith 史密斯 鐵匠

White 懷特 白色

Blue 布魯 藍色

Clark 克拉克 聰明

David 大衛 可愛

Frank 弗蘭克 自由

Jim 吉姆 取代者

John 約翰 神的恩典

Mark 馬克 戰神之子

Peter 彼得 石頭

Victor 維克托 征服者

Jack 杰克 剛強

Black 布萊克 黑色

Brown 布朗 棕色

Green 格林 綠色

Red 雷德 紅色 6 年齡

How old are you? 你多大了？ I'm….How old is he/she? He's/She's….14 7 認物

1)What's this/that? 這/那是什么？ It's a book./an apple.What are these/those? 這些/那些是什么？

They're….2)Is this/that/it…? Yes, it is.(No, it isn't.)

Are these/those/they…? Yes, they are.(No, they aren't.)8 祝賀

Happy New Year(to you)!新年快樂

Thank you.(and)You too.謝謝你 Merry Christmas(to you)!圣誕快樂

Thanks.The same to you.Happy birthday(to you)!生日快樂 Thank you(very much).Thanks(a lot).Happy Mother's/ Father's/ Children's/ Women's/ Teachers' Day(to you)!

9、感謝

Thank you(very much).非常謝謝你That's all right.沒關系 Thanks(a lot).非常感謝

That's OK.沒關系

10、位置

Where is it? It's(in front of the car).它在哪兒？

它(在汽車前面)。Where is he/she? He's/She's(over there).他/她在哪兒？

他的(那里)Where are they? They're(in the office.)他們在哪兒？

他們是(在辦公室里。

11、來自（某地）

1)Where are you from? 你從哪里來？

I'm/We're from China.Where is he/she from? 他/她從哪里來？

He's/She's from England.Where are they from? They're from….2)Are you from… ? Yes, I am.(No, I'm not.)

Is he/she from… ? Yes, he/she is.(No, he/she isn't.)

Are they from… ? Yes, they are.(No, they aren't.)

12、數量

How many ducks are there? There are four.What is your telephone number? It's….你的電話號碼是什么？

它是….15

13、時間（鐘點）

1)What time is it?

It's two/three o'clock.現在幾點了？

它2/3點鐘。

What's the time?

It's time for sports/school/breakfast運動/學校/早餐.It's time to go home/to go to bed/to watch TV.看電視。

14、擁有

1)Have you got a pen? 你有…？Yes, I have.是，我有。(No/Sorry, I haven't.)(不/抱歉，我沒有。)

Has he/she got…? Yes, he/she has.(No, he/she hasn't.)

15、顏色

What co lour is it?

It's(blue).它是什么顏色？

它(藍色)。

16、喜好

Do you like to ride a bike? Yes, I do.No, I don't.Does he/she like reading books? Yes, he/she does.No, he/she doesn't.What do you like(best)? I like …(best).17、購物

How much is it?

It's(5 Yuan).它是多少錢？

它(5元)How much are they? They're(10 Yuan).他們是多少錢？

他們是(10元)。

18、外觀

What is it like?

It's(beautiful.)它什麼樣？

很漂亮。What co lour(s)are they? They're brown棕色.19、某人正在做某事

1)What are you doing?

I'm/We're….你正在做什么？ What is he/she doing? He's/She's….What are they doing? They're….他們正在做什么？

2)Are you… ? Yes, I am.(No, I'm not.)

Is he/she… ? Yes, he/she is.(No, he/she isn't.)

Are they… ? Yes, they are.(No, they aren't.)

20、所屬

1)Whose(…)is this/that/it? It's(mine/hers/his).2)Is this/that/it(yours)? Yes, it is.(no, it isn't.)

21、能力

1)What can you/he/she do? I/He/She can…是，我/ 我們能。(沒有，我/我們不能。.2)Can you…?

Yes, I/ We can.(No, I/We can't.)

Can he/she…?

Yes, he/she can.(No, he/she can't.)

22、星期

1)What day is today? It's(Saturday).What day is it today?

What day is tomorrow?

23、天氣

What's the weather like today? It's hot/ warm/ cold/ cool/ fine/ nice/ sunny/ windy/ cloudy/ overcast.What's the weather like in(spring)? What's the weather like in(Beijing)?

24、職業

1)What do you do? I'm a teacher./We're teachers.What do they do? They are….What does he/she do? He/She is….2)Are you(a doctor)? Yes, I am.(No, I am not.)

Is he/she(a teacher)? Yes, he/she is.(No.he/she isn't.)

Are they(workers)? Yes, they are.(No, they aren't.)

25、某人將要做某事

1)What are you going to do?

I'm/We're going to listen to music.What is he/she going to do? He's/She's going to….What are they going to do?

They're going to….2)Are you going to… ? Yes, I am.(No, I'm not.)

Is he/she going to… ? Yes, he/she is.(No, he/she isn't.)

Are they going to… ? Yes, they are.(No, they aren't.)

26、工作地點

Where do you/they work? I/We/They work in a hospital.你/他們在哪兒工作？

我/我們/他們工作….Where does he/she work? He/She works….27、所屬

1)Whose photos are these/those/they? They're(ours/theirs).2)Are these/those/they(ours)?

Yes, they are.(No, they aren't)

28、意愿

1)What do you want?

I want a hamburger.你想要什么？

我想要….What would you like? I'd like some orange juice.2)What do you want to do? I want to read a book..What would you like to do? I'd like to play football with my friends.3)What are you going to do? I'm going to ….What is he going to do? He's going to ….29、請求

Can/Could you come to the teacher’s office now? Yes./Of course./ Certainly.Will/Would you please…? `I'm afraid/ Sorry I can't.Please(do)….30、日期(點鐘、周、日、年的表達)What's the date today? It's(March 8th).32、勸告

You'd better(do)….你最好(做)….You should look after yourself.你應該照顧好自己.18

33、禁止 Don't do that.34、求助

Can/Could you help me? Yes./Sure.Certainly.Of course.Can/Could you pass/lend/give me…?

35、問路和指路 How can I get to…?

Could/Can you tell me the way to…? Excuse me.Where is…?

Go down/alone this road/street.Turn left/right at the(first)crossing.36、看病

1)What's wrong with you? I've got a headache/ the flu/ a bad cold/ a high fever/ a cough/ a toothache/ a stomachache….37、邀請

1)Would you like to…? Certainly./With pleasure./Sure.Will you join us? Yes, I'd love to./I'd like to.Will you come?

Sorry, I can't./I'm afraid I can't.I'd love to, but….38、建議

Let's ….All right./OK./Great./ Shall we…?

That's a good idea.What/How about…?

Sorry, I can't./I'm afraid I can't

39、某人做過某事

1)What did you/he/she/they do yesterday?

I/We/He/She/They stayed in bed because I/We/He/She/They was ill.2)Did you/he/she/they… ? Yes, I /we/he/she/they did.(No, I /we/he/she/they didn't.)40某處有某物 There is a clock.Is there a recorder?-Yes, there is.No, there isn't.Are there…..? 四 常見話題： １ Family How many people are there in your family? Who is the oldest one in your family'? Who does the cooking in the family? Who is the last one to come home? Who is the first one to leave home'?

２likes Do you like to watch TV? Do you like a big TV or a small TV? What's your mother's favorite’s food? Who likes to play football in your class? Does your English teacher like singing'? 3 sports What's your favorite’s game? Do you often play table tennis?

Who often plays with you? Do you play table tennis in the morning or in the afternoon?

Where do you play ping pong? 4 numbers 1)What is five plus five? 2)20 Do you like

to

work

with

numbers?

3)Can you count from Number 1 to Number 30? 4)Can you say the following numbers? 57, 39, 40,12 5)Who is the best pupil in your moths class? 5 people 1)Do you have many friends? 2)Does your g randpa live with you? 3)Are there many people in your family? 4)Who is the tallest one in your fami1y? 5)Who is the shortest one in your family? 6 school 1)Do you like to go to school? 2)What is the name of your school'? 3)Is your school far from your home? 4)Is your school very big or small? How many classes are there in your grade? 7 weather

l)What's the weather like today'? 2)Do you like rainy days? 3)What do you do when the weather is very hot? 4)Can you play thotball in the rain? 5)Do you like to make a snowman on a snowy day? 8 animals l)Do you llke snakes? 2)What's your favourite animal? 3)What's monkey's favourite food? 4)Have you got a cat at home? 5)Do you like to go to the zoo on Sundays?

9 maths Do you like to learn maths? Who is your maths teacher? Who is the best pupil with mathsin your class?

How many is 28 and 43? Can you say the numbers from 10 to 1? 10 food 1)Do you like to eat pizza? 2)What's your favourite food? 3)Do you often eat ice cream? 4)Dr, you like fish or eggs? 5)Who buys the food in your family? 11 friends 1)Who is your best friend? 2)Have you got many friends? 3)Do you often play games with friends? 4)Where do you often play with your friends? 5)Is your best friend tall or shor'? 12 place Do you live in Beijing or Nanjing?

Have you ever been to Shanghai? Do you know where Taiwan is? Where is the hottest place in China? Where is the coldest place in China? 13 birthday)When is your birlhday?

2)What do you do on your birthday-?

3)22

4)Do you know your mother's birthday?

5)Can you sing “happy birthday song”? 14 home Where is your home? 2)Is your house big or small? 3)How many bedrooms have you got? 4)Is your home far from our school? Do you get

some

birthday

presents

every

year?

5)Do you like your home? 15 Ball games 1)Can you say some names of the ball games? 2)Which ball game do you like best? 3)Do you often play it at home or at school? 4)Do you want to learn a new ball game? 5)Do you often have matches? 16 names Do you know many English names? Say some English girls' names.Say some English boys' names.Have you got an English name? What's your English name?

五 主題、概念、見解常用詞舉例

動物 ：

butterfly, camel, dinosaur, insect, octopus, swan

衣服

：

belt, glove, pocket, shorts, tights, uniform 家庭成員，朋友 ：

:David, husband, wife, surname.William 傳說、幻想、愿望

filature, planet, secret, space, strange, wish 食物和烹飪

：

biscuit, chopsticks, flour, pepper, snack 健康 ：

doctor, chemist's, ill, medicine, nurse)居室 ：

address, shelf, telephone, toilet 職業、工作 ：

: actor.artist, businessman, engineer, journalist, mcdmuic 地點:

airport, bookshop, cafe, circus, corner, club, end.London, museum, post office, restaurant, right, station, theatre, way 學校、科目:

college, competition, dictionary, Geography 體育、假日：

diary, drum, golf ,programme.pyramid, race, rucksack, sledge, snowball，suitcase, tent, torch，volleyball 交通：:ambulance, taxi, traffic)天氣, 環境:fog, foggy, ice, sky, storm, wind，air, bridge, cave.environment

身高外貌: She's 142 centimeter tall.)穿著，樣式:That girl is wearing a white blouse 材質:The suit is made of wool.)義務:You must sweep the floor before you go out.建議: Shall I carry your bag? 一些常見省略形式：

We /you /they are = we' re /you' re /they ' re it is=it isn’t

shall/will='ll

do not=don' t

have not=haven' t could not=couldn’t

shall not=shan' t

does riot=doesn't has not=hashn' t

woukt like=' d

are not =aren’tt will not=won't did not=didn can not=can’t let us=let' s

六 必須特別熟練掌握的句子：

I

Summer is my favorite time.2 My birthday's in November.3

What time is it? 4 How tall are you? 5 How long does it? 6 How far is it? 7

What is it called? ８

What's your house like? 9

What was the weather like? 10 I was walking down the road when I saw her.11

Have you ever been to the circus? 12 I'm going to visit my aunt tomorrow 13 What will you do when you leave school? 14 She might come.15 Shall we go to the park? 16 You should wear a coat.It's made of plastic.18 It looks like a horse.19 He's too tired to do any work.20 He’s not old enough to ski.I didn't want to walk home so 1 went on the bus.22 I went to the bank and then I went to the swimming pool.23 If it's sunny, we will go swimming.24 Excuse me, how can I get to the station? 25 He's coming to my party, isn't he'? 26 I started playing football when I was six

.關于英語那些你不知道的事都在這里

http://m.meten.com/test/quwen.aspx?tid=16-73675-0

第二篇：英語語法總結

小 學 英 語 語 法 總 結 1

一、名詞:

1、專有名詞：（1）人名（2）街道和建筑（3）星期月份節日（3）國家城市（4）大洲大洋江湖

2、普通名詞：（1）直接加s（2）以s x ch sh結尾的+es（3）以 y結尾的把y 改成 i+es（4）o結尾的+es特

殊的photo→photos tomato→tomatoes（5）f、fe結尾的改 f、fe為 v+es ,⑹oo 結尾+szoo-zoos⑺ woman→women，child-children⑻ 單數復數形式相同

3、可數名詞：

4、不可數名詞：⑴不能加s⑵前面不能用 a,an,可以用 the⑶一類事物不可數名詞做主語，謂語動詞用單數⑷兩

類以上不可數名詞做主語，謂語用復數⑸ a cup of tea5、名詞的所有格：⑴單數名詞詞尾+’s⑵詞尾不是s的復數名詞詞尾+’s⑶詞尾是s的復數名詞詞尾+’⑷店鋪教

堂某人的家時，所有格’s后面通常不出現它所修飾的名詞⑸分別+’s，最后一個人名+’s⑹ of用在沒有生命上，’s用在有生命上

二、冠詞：

6、不定冠詞 a an7、定冠詞 the ⑴特定人或物⑵用于上文提到的人或事⑶世上獨一無二的事物⑷形容詞前⑸序數詞，形容詞最高級⑹由普通名詞構成的專有名詞前⑺樂器⑻姓氏的復數名詞前：一家人⑼ only very same前

8、不用定冠詞的情況：⑴國家地名人名⑵復數名詞⑶季節月份星期⑷三餐球類娛樂運動

三、代詞

9、人稱代詞

10、物主代詞⑴形容性物主代詞my his her our their ⑵名詞性物主代詞mine his ours them11、反身代詞myself12、指示代詞thisthesethatthose13、疑問代詞whowhomwhosewhichwhat14、不定代詞⑴some,any,no修飾可數名詞，不可數名詞。Some肯定句any否定和疑問 no 用在肯定句中表示否定⑵many,much,a few,a little,few,little ⑶-body,-one,-thing.everybody,somebody,anybody,nobody,everyone,someone,anyone,no one,everything,something,anything,nothing.四、形容詞

15形容詞種類和位置

16形容詞比較等級及構成：⑴以e結尾+er,+est.⑵以y結尾→ier→iest⑶重讀閉音節末尾只有一個輔音字母的雙寫詞尾+er,+est.⑷兩個或兩個以上音節的詞前+more+most.17形容詞比較等級的用法：⑴兩者比較：s+形容詞原形+as⑵兩者比較：容詞比較級+than⑶三個比較：the+最高級+

范圍

五、副詞

18副詞種類和位置

19副詞比較等級及構成 badly-worse-worst,much-more-must

20副詞比較等級的用途

六、數詞

21基數詞:100,a/one handred101one handred and one,4000 four thousand1000000(一百萬)one million 1000000000

(十億)one billion

22序數詞

23時刻表示法⑴5:30 five thirty或 half past five

⑵9:05 nine five或five past nine⑶6:50six fifth或ten to seven

⑷7:15 a quarter past seven或seven fifteen⑸8:45 a quarter to nine或eight forth-five 24日期表示法⑴2009年6月2日June 2nd,2009或2nd of June ,2009英語里面：月 日 年

⑵1995年 nineteenninety-five

1826年eigteen oh six

⑶5月8日寫May 8th讀May the eighth或May eight

小 學 英 語 語 法 總 結 2

⑷9月1日寫September 21(st)讀September the twenty-firstSeptember 或 twenty-one

25數詞其他幾種用法⑴1／3 one third2/5 two fifths

⑵21.6 twenty-one point six0.008 zero point zero zero eigth

⑶5%five percent0.8%zero point eight percent

⑷一倍once兩倍twice六倍six times

⑸第503房間Room 50315美元15dollors=＄1英鎊1pound=￡

七、介詞

26時間介詞:at, on ,in, before, after, from, during

27方位介詞:on ,in, over, under, behind ,infront of,near,among

28其他一些常見介詞用法:by,in,for,of,about,like,with

八、連詞和感嘆詞

29連詞:and, but, or, becausealthough/though,both……and,not only……but also,neither……nor既不……也不

（并列）either……or或者．．．．．或者（選擇）

30感嘆詞

九、動詞

31動詞種類⒈及物動詞直接接賓語。

2不及物動詞不直接接賓語。

3助動詞：do , does,did.4.系動詞be,（am,is,are）look(看起來)smell(聞起來)get（變得）become（成為）seem（似乎）turn

（變成）

5情態動詞：can,may,must,will,shall,should,need

32動詞基本形式

十、動詞時態(一般現在時、一般過去時、一般將來時、現在進行時、現在完成時、過去進行時、過去

完成時、過去將來時共8個時態)

33一般現在時：⑴含有be動詞（am is are）⑵不含有be動詞動詞用三單、疑問句Do、Does，否定句don’t、doesn’t 34一般過去時：⑴含有be動詞(was were)⑵不含有be動詞動詞變為過去式，疑問句Did否定句didn’t+yesterday… 35一般將來時:⑴主語+be（am is are）going to do⑵主語+will+動詞原形 ⑶主語+shall+動詞原形+tomorrow過去將來時:⑴主語+(was were)+動詞原形⑵主語+would+動詞原形

36現在進行時:⑴主語+be（am is are）+ 動詞ing

37過去進行時：⑴主語+be（werewas）+ 動詞ing

38現在完成時：主語+havehas+動詞過去分詞 since,過去完成時:主語+had+動詞過去分詞

十一、陳述句

39陳述句的分類

十二、疑問句

40一般疑問句

41特殊疑問句:what,whose,who,which,when,where ,why,how(tall, old, long, many, much)

42選擇疑問句，反義疑問句

十三、祈使句

十四、感嘆句

1．What+a +形容詞+可數名詞單數+主語+謂語

2．How+形容詞+主語+謂語

3．How+ 副詞+主語+謂語

十五、There be ：There is,There are

第三篇：英語語法

2010年1~12月政治時事

1月1日—中華人民共和國擔任本1月聯合國安全理事會輪值主席。

1月1日—本第一個天文現象，月偏食，此次稱“藍月”。(下一次將等到2028年)1月1日—西班牙接任瑞典成為新一屆歐洲聯盟輪值主席國。

1月1日—世界上最大的自由貿易區中國－東盟自由貿易區正式建成，總人口達十九億。

1月4日—阿拉伯聯合酋長國首都迪拜，地球地表上最高的人造建筑物，高達828米的“哈利法塔”正式開幕啟用。

1月5日—臺灣通過食品衛生管理法修正案，明文禁止美國牛絞肉、內臟等六項高風險部位進口。

1月5日—北半球因大氣循環系統遭到破壞和太陽黑子活動減少以及北極震蕩，導致暴雪不斷，歐洲大陸幾近冰封，溫度創新低。

1月5日—沙特阿拉伯宣布擬建造高達1000米的王國塔(Kingdom Tower)，預計2020年完工啟用。

1月7日—日本捕鯨船與反捕鯨抗議船只在怒濤中發生碰撞之后，澳大利亞政府今天面臨派遣巡邏船到南極海域的壓力。這起事件造成一名保育人士受傷。

1月9日—美國加利福尼亞州發生芮氏6.5級地震，造成市政廳損毀。

1月12日—加勒比島國海地首都太子港發生芮氏7.0級地震，造成海地總統府、醫院損壞，當地估計有高達二十萬人死亡。

1月15日—日環食。21世紀持續時間最長的日環食。（下一次要等到3043年）

1月16日—立法會經過長達15輪近170多次提問，財務委員會以21比31正式通過對廣深港高速鐵路香港段撥款申請。這筆款項中，500多億元為建造工程、118億元為非建造工程，8600萬元為對菜園村居民的補償。

1月17日—第67屆金球獎頒獎典禮在美國貝弗利山希爾頓酒店舉行，詹姆斯·卡麥隆執導的影片《阿凡達》獲得劇情類最佳影片和最佳導演獎項。

1月19日－日本最大的航空公司日本航空公司正式向東京地方法院申請破產。

足協反賭，南勇、楊一民被抓。

胡錦濤2月24-26來陜西訪問。

國家能源委員會成立，溫家寶任主任，李克強任副主任

2010年5月1日至10月31日（總共184天）——2010年世界博覽會（Expo 2010）是一個籌備中的世界博覽會，2010年在中國上海市舉行，也是歷來首次由中國舉辦的世界博覽會。博覽會的主題是“城市，讓生活更美好”。主辦機構預計吸引世界各地7000萬人次參觀者前往，總投資達300億人民幣，是世界博覽會史上最大規模。

2010年5月12日——中國第二個防災減災日，以紀念汶川大地震2周年。

國內部分：

1：1月1日，中國—東盟自由貿易區正式啟動。這是世界上人口最多的自由貿易區，是全球第三大自由貿易區，也是由發展中國家組成的最大自由貿易區。

2：1月6日，《國務院關于推進海南國際旅游島建設發展的若干意見》日前發布，標志著海南國際旅游島建設正式上升為國家戰略。

3：1月10日晚，2010沈陽國際冰雪節暨盛京燈會、關東廟會在沈陽棋盤山開幕。

4：1月11日，2009國家科學技術獎勵大會在北京人民大會堂隆重舉行。

5：1月13日，沈浩先進事跡報告會在北京人民大會堂舉行。6：1月21日，國家統計局局長馬建堂在國務院新聞辦發布會上宣布，據初步測算，2009年我國國內生產總值335353億元，按可比價格計算，比上年增長8.7%，增速比上年回落0.9個百分點。

7：1月22日，上海世博會最大的單體工程、世博會“一軸四館”永久場館之

一、上海世博會地標性建筑的世博軸工程，正式竣工。

8：1月27日，中國政府網發布的《國務院辦公廳關于成立國家能源委員會的通知》說，根據第十一屆全國人民代表大會第一次會議審議批準的國務院機構改革方案和《國務院關于議事協調機構設置的通知》精神，為加強能源戰略決策和統籌協調，國務院決定成立國家能源委員會。

9：1月28日，全國檔案戰線的時代楷模、解放軍檔案館原館員劉義權，19時20分在北京病逝，走完了他近60年忠誠而執著、平凡而偉大的人生。國際部分：

1：1月6日，美國宇航局公開了哈勃望遠鏡拍攝到的132億年前的宇宙照片，距離宇宙大爆炸之后僅6億年，這是迄今為止最早的宇宙照片。

2：1月8日，西班牙和歐盟領導人晚在馬德里的皇家劇院舉行歐盟輪值主席國交接儀式。

3：1月12日，海地當地時間下午，一場里氏7.3級地震突襲海地，首都太子港受損嚴重，此次地震震級太高，震中距太子港僅16公里，震源距地表不過10公里，造成重大傷亡。

4：1月14日，東南亞國家聯盟（東盟）外長非正式會議、第三次東盟政治安全共同體理事會會議和東盟協調理事會會議在越南峴港舉行。

5：1月18日，為期4天的第三屆世界未來能源峰會在阿拉伯聯合酋長國首都阿布扎比開幕。

6：1月19日，日美兩國外長和防長就《日美安全保障條約》修訂50周年紀念日發表聯合聲明說，兩國將進一步深化在廣泛領域的安保合作。

7：1月21日，英國著名的科學雜志《自然》發表封面文章，介紹中國科學家有關“大熊貓基因組”研究取得的成果，并配有兩頭嬉戲的中國大熊貓的圖片。

8：1月27日晚，為期5天的2010年世界經濟論壇年會在瑞士山城達沃斯開幕，全球90多個國家的2500多位來自商業、政治、教育、文化等各界人士濟濟一堂，著重探討金融危機之后的全球治理問題，力求提出解決問題的行動方案。

二月

國內部分：

1：2月2日，紀念姬鵬飛同志誕辰100周年座談會在北京人民大會堂舉行。

2：根據《中華人民共和國食品安全法》規定，國務院近日決定設立國務院食品安全委員會。

3：2月12日至13日，在中華民族傳統節日春節到來之際，中共中央總書記胡錦濤來到福建省漳州市，親切看望在這里創業發展的臺商，并向廣大臺灣同胞致以新春的祝福。

4：2月15日晚，申雪/趙宏博在溫哥華冬奧會花樣滑冰雙人滑比賽中奪得金牌，這是中國選手第一次奪得花樣滑冰項目的奧運金牌。另一對中國選手龐清/佟健獲得銀牌。

5：2月19日，社會各界人士懷著悲痛的心情來到北京八寶山革命公墓，送別我國當代著名教育家、首批特級教師、北京第二實驗小學原副校長霍懋征。

6：2月25日，中共中央政治局常委、中央書記處書記、國家副主席習近平上午在人民大會堂出席“2010’經濟全球化與工會”國際論壇開幕式并致辭。

國際部分：

1：2月7日，哥斯達黎加最高選舉法院晚宣布，執政黨民族解放黨總統候選人勞拉?欽奇利亞在當日舉行的總統大選中以46.8%的得票率獲勝，擊敗了反對黨公民行動黨候選人奧頓?索利斯和自由運動黨總統候選人奧托?格瓦拉，成為哥斯達黎加歷史上首位女總統。

2： 2月12日，第二十一屆冬季奧林匹克運動會開幕式在加拿大溫哥華哥倫比亞體育館舉行。

3：2月12日上午，在國際奧委會第122屆全會上，中國前短道速滑名將楊揚以89票贊成5票反對的絕對優勢當選為國際奧委會委員。

4：2月27日凌晨，智利發生里氏8.8級強烈地震，已至少有122人死亡，遇難人數還在繼續上升。三月

國內部分：

1：3月1日，以“展現時代巾幗風采、謳歌女性光榮使命”為主題的紀念三八國際勞動婦女節100周年專題文藝晚會在京舉行。

2：3月2日，中共中央總書記、國家主席、中央軍委主席胡錦濤在解放軍歌劇院觀看反映解放軍檔案館原館員、全國檔案戰線時代楷模劉義權先進事跡的大型話劇《生命檔案》。

3：3月5日上午，第十一屆全國人民代表大會第三次會議在人民大會堂開幕。

4：3月5日，是第十一個中國青年志愿者服務日，各級共青團組織圍繞迎世博、迎亞運開展青年志愿者行動。

5：3月7日上午，紀念“三八”國際勞動婦女節100周年大會在人民大會堂舉行。

6：3月13日，中國人民政治協商會議第十一屆全國委員會第三次會議在北京人民大會堂閉幕。

7：3月14日，“打通攔門沙，治理長江口”這個幾代仁人志士的夢想今天終于實現，長江口深水航道治理三期工程順利通過交工驗收。

9：3月18日，我國首架大型民用直升機AC313，在江西景德鎮首飛成功，該直升機由中航工業集團自主研制。

10：3月19日，上海城市文明志愿服務行動“集結號”全面吹響——為迎接世博會的到來，上海組建了一支由近200萬名志愿者組成的城市文明志愿者隊伍，人數將近上海總人口數的1/10。

11：3月22日，是第十八屆世界水日，也是第二十三屆中國水周的第一天。

12：3月28日晚，大型音樂舞蹈史詩《復興之路》在國家大劇院舉行閉幕演出。國際部分：

1：3月15日下午，曾擔任過安倍內閣法相和麻生內閣總務相的自民黨政要鳩山邦夫以希望組建新黨為由，向自民黨高層提出離黨申請。

2：3月20日中午，尼泊爾前首相、尼泊爾大會黨主席吉里賈?普拉薩德?柯伊拉臘在加德滿都病逝。

3：3月21日晚，在長達近11個小時的辯論和投票之后，美國國會眾議院通過了最終版本的醫改法案。

4：3月30日，歐洲核子研究中心的大型強子對撞機實施總能量達7萬億電子伏特的質子束流對撞，首次對撞取得成功。四月

國內部分：

1：4月8日，股指期貨啟動儀式在上海舉行，中共中央政治局委員、上海市委書記俞正聲和中國證監會主席尚福林共同啟動了股指期貨。

2：4月8日，我國首輛高速磁浮國產化樣車在成都實現交付。

3：4月11日傍晚，經過3天的高層對話與討論之后，博鰲亞洲論壇2010年年會完成了全部既定議程，于在海南博鰲落下帷幕。

4：4月13日，核安全峰會在美國首都華盛頓舉行，國家主席胡錦濤出席會議并發表重要講話。

5：4月12日，國家主席胡錦濤在華盛頓會見日本首相鳩山由紀夫，就中日關系和其他共同關心的問題坦誠深入交換意見。

6：4月14日7時49分，青海省玉樹藏族自治州玉樹縣發生7．1級地震，給當地人民群眾生命財產造成嚴重損失。

7：4月22日，國土資源部、遼寧省人民政府、中國地質調查局、中國地質學會以“珍惜地球資源 轉變發展方式 倡導低碳生活”為主題在全國各地舉辦了豐富多彩的活動，隆重紀念第四十一個世界地球日。

8：4月24日上午，國家金融信息大廈在北京市麗澤金融商務區奠基。

9：4月26日，時速250公里的福（州）廈（門）鐵路正式開通運營，兩地鐵路運行時間從原來中轉繞行所需的11個小時縮短到目前的1.5個小時。

10：4月26日上午9時，我國內地首條海底隧道、全長8.695公里的廈門翔安隧道正式通車，標志著我國海底隧道自主設計、自行施工的能力躍入世界先進行列。

11：4月28日，國家主席胡錦濤下午在人民大會堂同法國總統薩科齊舉行會談。

12：4月28日，晚第六屆中國國際動漫節在浙江杭州開幕。

13：4月30日，晚展示中國發展新貌，薈萃世界文明精華。舉世矚目的中國2010年上海世界博覽會開幕式在上海世博文化中心隆重舉行，國際部分：

1：4月8日，國際航空運輸協會（簡稱國際航協）理事長喬瓦尼?比西尼亞尼在北京出席該機構北亞區辦公室喬遷慶典時表示，去年底以來，全球航空業狀況有所好轉，不過全行業仍處于虧損狀態。

2：4月15日，“金磚四國”領導人第二次正式會晤在巴西首都巴西利亞舉行，中國國家主席胡錦濤、俄羅斯總統梅德韋杰夫、巴西總統盧拉、印度總理辛格出席。

3：4月25日，在華盛頓舉行的世界銀行發展委員會春季會議通過了發達國家向發展中國家轉移投票權的改革方案，在提高發展中國家在世行投票權問題上“邁出歷史性一步”。

4：4月29日下午，為期兩天的第十六屆南亞區域合作聯盟（簡稱南盟）首腦會議在不丹首都廷布落下帷幕。五月 國內部分

1：5月1日，上午中國2010年上海世界博覽會開園儀式在上海世博中心舉行。

2：5月5日，國務院召開全國節能減排工作電視電話會議，動員和部署加強節能減排工作。3：5月5日，國務院總理溫家寶主持召開國務院常務會議，審議并通過《國家中長期教育改革和發展規劃綱要（2010—2020年）》。

4：5月3日至7日，應中共中央總書記、國家主席胡錦濤的邀請，朝鮮勞動黨總書記、國防委員會委員長金正日對中國進行非正式訪問，并在北京、天津、遼寧等省市參觀考察。5：5月12日，成都至都江堰的快速鐵路——成灌快鐵正式開通運營。是全國首條市域城際鐵路。

6：5月13日上午，河南省高級人民法院與商丘市中級人民法院聯合召開新聞發布會宣布：給予因錯案冤枉服刑10多年的趙作海國家賠償金及生活困難補助費共計65萬元。7：5月14日，第六屆中國（深圳）國際文化產業博覽交易會在深圳隆重開幕。

8：5月15日，上午以“攜手建設創新型國家”為主題的第十屆科技活動周開幕式在北京首都博物館舉行。

9：5月15日，中國房山世界地質公園開園，地質公園博物館迎來首批游客。國際部分

1：5月2日，第十三屆東盟與中日韓（10＋3）財長會在烏茲別克斯坦首都塔什干舉行。2：5月3日，第八次《不擴散核武器條約》締約國審議大會在紐約聯合國總部開幕，來自189個締約國的代表參加了此次會議，會議主要圍繞《不擴散核武器條約》的“三大支柱”，即核不擴散、核裁軍及和平利用核能等方面的議題，以大會和小組討論的形式進行。3：5月4日，日美兩國政府代表在東京首次圍繞美軍普天間機場搬遷問題舉行正式工作磋商。

4：5月6日，第六十四屆聯合國大會召開特別會議，紀念第二次世界大戰結束65周年。5：5月8日，應俄羅斯總統梅德韋杰夫邀請，國家主席胡錦濤抵達莫斯科，出席俄羅斯紀念衛國戰爭勝利65周年慶典。

6：5月11日晚，英國保守黨和自由民主黨（自民黨）宣布組成最近70年來首個聯合政府，保守黨領袖卡梅倫成為1974年以來首個“無多數議會”下聯合政府的首相。

7：5月11日晚，英國保守黨和自由民主黨（自民黨）宣布組成最近70年來首個聯合政府，保守黨領袖卡梅倫成為1974年以來首個“無多數議會”下聯合政府的首相。2010年7月-12月重大時政 1、7月10日是“中國2010年上海世博會志愿者主題日”，也是世博歷史上首次設立的“志愿者主題日”。

2、國家統計局新聞發言人盛來運7月15日在國新辦的新聞發布會上宣布，據初步測算，上半年國內生產總值172840億元，按可比價格計算，同比增長11.1%，比上年同期加快3.7個百分點。

3、今年是深圳經濟特區建立30周年。溫家寶強調，改革開放是決定當代中國命運的關鍵抉擇，是實現國家強盛、人民幸福的必由之路。過去 30多年中國的發展變化，靠的是改革開放，未來要實現中華民族的偉大復興，仍然要靠改革開放。4、8月26日，我國第一臺自行設計、自主集成研制的“蛟龍號”載人潛水器3000米級海上試驗取得成功，最大下潛深度達到3759米，標志著我國繼美、法、俄、日之后成為第五個掌握3500米以上大深度載人深潛技術的國家。5、9月3日是中國人民抗日戰爭勝利65周年紀念日 6、9月29日，總高達600米的世界第一高的電視觀光塔——廣州塔落成。7、2010年上海世界博覽會中華人民共和國國家館日儀式10月1日上午在上海世博中心隆重舉行。8、10月31日晚，2010年上海世界博覽會閉幕式在上海世博文化中心隆重舉行。上海世博會是繼北京奧運會后我國舉辦的又一國際盛會，也是第一次在發展中國家舉辦的注冊類世界博覽會。本屆世博會的主題是“城市，讓生活更美好”。理念是“理解、溝通、歡聚、合作”。9、10月1日18時59分57秒，嫦娥二號衛星成功發射。這標志著探月工程二期任務邁出了成功的第一步。

11月8日，探月工程嫦娥二號月面虹灣局部影像圖揭幕儀式上午在北京舉行。影像圖的傳回，標志著嫦娥二號任務所確定的工程目標全部實現，科學目標也正在陸續實現，探月工程二期嫦娥二號任務取得圓滿成功。

中國載人航天工程新聞發言人8月17日表示，我國載人航天工程第一個空間交會對接目標——天宮一號目標飛行器，已于近日完成總裝。該飛行器將于2011年發射進入預定軌道，之后，發射神舟八號飛船與之交會對接。

10、郭明義同志先進事跡首場報告會10月11日在北京人民大會堂舉行。郭明義同志是助人為樂的道德模范，是新時期學習實踐雷鋒精神的優秀代表。

此前，香港義工黃福榮在青海玉樹地震中舍己救人的義舉得到了國家的肯定和表彰。被授予 “抗震救災舍己救人杰出義工”稱號，11、10月17日是聯合國確定的第十八個“國際消除貧困日”，今年的活動主題為“縮小貧窮與體面工作之間的差距”，12、第六次全國人口普查工作2010年11月1日在全國展開。我國的人口普查每10年開展一次。13、11月12，第十六屆亞洲運動會在廣州隆重開幕，中國體育代表團取得了199枚金牌、416枚獎牌的優異成績，連續八屆名列亞運會金牌榜首位。

14、亞太經合組織第十八次領導人非正式會議11月13日在日本橫濱舉行，國家主席胡錦濤出席當天舉行的第一階段會議并發表重要講話。

15、我國超級計算機跨入世界領先行列：國家超級計算天津中心的“天河一號”以峰值速度4700萬億次、持續速度2566萬億次每秒浮點運算的優異性能位居世界第一，國家超級計算深圳中心的“曙光星云”位居第三。

16、韓國和朝鮮11月23日下午在西部海域存在爭議的“北方界線”附近發生交火，半島局勢日趨緊張。

17、12月3日，京滬高鐵跑出時速486.1公里，再次刷新世界鐵路運營試驗最高速。

7月1日上午8時，我國乃至世界上標準最高、里程最長、運營速度最快的滬寧城際高速鐵路正式投入運營 18、12月24日，位于安徽合肥的我國新一代“人造太陽”、世界首個全超導托卡馬克（EAST）核聚變實驗裝置2010實驗圓滿結束，目前已獲得1兆安等離子體電流、100秒1500萬度偏濾器長脈沖等離子體、大于30倍能量約束時間高約束模式等離子體、3兆瓦離子回旋加熱等多項重要實驗成果。

19、中國共產黨第十七屆中央委員會第五次全體會議，于2010年10月15日至18日在北京舉行。全會聽取和討論了胡錦濤受中央政治局委托作的工作報告，審議通過了《中共中央關于制定國民經濟和社會發展第十二個五年規劃的建議》。20、9月7日，中國漁船在釣魚島海域被日本海上保安廳巡邏船沖撞。而后又與追蹤的另兩艘日本巡邏船中的一艘發生碰撞。隨后日方扣押了中國籍漁船和船員，9月25日，被日方非法抓扣的中國船長詹其雄乘中國政府包機安全返抵福州。

21、今年，國家大力推進新型農村社會養老保險。

新型農村社會養老保險，稱為“新農保”，是繼取消農業稅、農業直補、新型農村合作醫療等政策之后的又一項重大惠農政策。采取個人繳費、集體補助和政府補貼相結合，其中中央財政將對地方進行補助，并且會直接補貼到農民頭上。從2011年元月起，年滿60周歲、未享受城鎮職工基本養老保險待遇的農村居民，不用繳費，可以按月領取基礎養老金55元。

第四篇：英語語法全集

中學英語語法網絡圖全集

中學英語語法網絡圖 一．名詞 I.名詞的種類： 專有名詞 普通名詞

國名.地名.人名，團體.機構名稱 可數名詞 不可數名詞

個體名詞 集體名詞 抽象名詞 物質名詞 II.名詞的數：

1.規則名詞的復數形式：

名詞的復數形式，一般在單數形式后面加-s或-es。現將構成方法與讀音規則列表如下： 規則 例詞 一般情況在詞尾加-s map-maps, sea-seas, girl-girls, day-days 以s, x, ch, sh結尾的名詞后加-es class-classes, box-boxes, watch-watches, dish-dishes 以-f或-fe結尾的詞 變-f和-fe為v再加-es leaf-leaves, thief-thieves, knife-knives, loaf-loaves, wife-wives 加-s belief-beliefs, chief-chiefs, proof-proofs, roof-roofs, gulf-gulfs 以輔音字母加y結尾的名詞，變y為i加-es party-parties, family-families, story-stories, city-cities 5 以元音字母加y結尾的名詞，或專有名詞以y結尾的，加-s toy-toys, boy-boys, day-days, ray-rays, Henry-Henrys 以輔音字母加-o結尾的名詞 一般加-es hero-heroes, Negro-Negroes, potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes 不少外來詞加-s piano-pianos, photo-photos, auto-autos, kilo-kilos, solo-solos 兩者皆可 zero-zeros/zeroes, volcano-volcanoes/ volcanos 以元音字母加-o結尾的名詞加-s radio-radios, bamboo-bamboos, zoo-zoos 8 以-th結尾的名詞加-s truth-truths, mouth-mouths, month-months, path-paths, 2.不規則名詞復數：

英語里有些名詞的復數形式是不規則的，現歸納如下： 規則 例詞 改變名詞中的元音字母或其他形式 man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice 2 單復數相同 sheep, deer, series, means, works, fish, species li, yuan, jin, 只有復數形式 ashes, trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses, compasses, contents 4 一些集體名詞總是用作復數 people, police, cattle, staff 部分集體名詞既可以作單數（整體）也可以作復數（成員）audience, class, family, crowd, couple, group, committee, government, population, crew, team, public, enemy, party 復數形式表示特別含義 customs(海關), forces(軍隊), times(時代), spirits(情緒), drinks(飲料), sands(沙灘), papers(文件報紙), manners(禮貌), looks(外表), brains(頭腦智力), greens(青菜), ruins(廢墟)7 表示“某國人” 加-s Americans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Europeans 單復數同形 Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese

以-man或-woman結尾的改為-men,-women Englishmen, Frenchwomen 合成名詞 將主體名詞變為復數 sons-in-law, lookers-on, passers-by, story-tellers, boy friends 無主體名詞時將最后一部分變為復數 grown-ups, housewives, stopwatches 將兩部分變為復數 women singers, men servants

III.名詞的所有格：

名詞在句中表示所有關系的語法形式叫做名詞所有格。所有格分兩種：一是名詞詞尾加’s構成，二是由介詞of加名詞構成。前者多表示有生命的東西，后者多表示無生命的東西。1.’s所有格的構成：

單數名詞在末尾加’s the boy’s father, Jack’s book, her son-in-law’s photo, 復數名詞 一般在末尾加’ the teachers’ room, the twins’ mother, 不規則復數名詞后加’s the children’s toys, women’s rights，以s結尾的人名所有格加’s或者’ Dickens’ novels, Charles’s job, the Smiths’ house

表示各自的所有關系時,各名詞末尾均須加’s Japan’s and America’s problems, Jane’s and Mary’s bikes 表示共有的所有關系時在最后一詞末加’s Japan and America’s problems, Jane and Mary’s father 表示＂某人家＂＂店鋪＂，所有格后名詞省略 the doctor’s, the barber’s, the tailor’s, my uncle’s 2.’s所有格的用法：

１ 表示時間 today’s newspaper, five weeks’ holiday 2 表示自然現象 the earth’s atmosphere, the tree’s branches 表示國家城市等地方的名詞 the country’s plan, the world’s population, China’s industry 4 表示工作群體 the ship’s crew, majority’s view, the team’s victory 5 表示度量衡及價值 a mile’s journey, five dollars’ worth of apples 6 與人類活動有特殊關系的名詞 the life’s time, the play’s plot 某些固定詞組 a bird’s eye view, a stone’s throw, at one’s wit’s end(不知所措)3.of所有格的用法：

用于無生命的東西：the legs of the chair, the cover of the book 用于有生命的東西，尤其是有較長定語時：the classrooms of the first-year students 用于名詞化的詞：the struggle of the oppressed 二．冠詞

冠詞分為不定冠詞（a, an），定冠詞（the），和零冠詞。I.不定冠詞的用法： 指一類人或事，相當于a kind of A plane is a machine that can fly.2 第一次提及某人某物，非特指 A boy is waiting for you.3 表示“每一”相當于every，one We study eight hours a day.4 表示“相同”相當于the same We are nearly of an age.用于人名前，表示不認識此人或與某名人有類似性質的人或事 A Mr.Smith came to visit you when you were out That boy is rather a Lei Feng.用于固定詞組中 A couple of, a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry, have a walk, many a time 7 用于quite, rather, many, half, what, such之后 This room is rather a big one.8 用于so(as, too, how)+形容詞之后 She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet.II.定冠詞的用法： 表示某一類人或物 The horse is a useful animal.用于世上獨一無二的事物名詞前 the universe, the moon, the Pacific Ocean 3 表示說話雙方都了解的或上文提到過的人或事 Would you mind opening the door? 4 用于樂器前面 play the violin, play the guitar 5 用于形容詞和分詞前表示一類人 the reach, the living, the wounded 6 表示“一家人”或“夫婦” the Greens, the Wangs 用于序數詞和形容詞副詞比較級最高級前 He is the taller of the two children.用于國家黨派等以及江河湖海，山川群島的名詞前 the United States, the Communist Party of China, the French 用于表示發明物的單數名詞前 The compass was invented in China.10 在逢十的復數數詞之前，指世紀的某個年代 in the 1990’s 11 用于表示單位的名詞前 I hired the car by the hour.用于方位名詞，身體部位名詞，及表示時間的詞組前 He patted me on the shoulder.III.零冠詞的用法： 專有名詞，物質名詞，抽象名詞，人名地名等名詞前 Beijing University, Jack, China, love, air 2 名詞前有this, my, whose, some, no, each, every等限制 I want this book, not that one./ Whose purse is this? 季節，月份，星期，節假日，一日三餐前 March, Sunday, National Day, spring 4 表示職位，身份，頭銜的名詞前 Lincoln was made President of America.5 學科，語言，球類，棋類名詞前 He likes playing football/chess.6 與by連用表示交通工具的名詞前 by train, by air, by land 以and連接的兩個相對的名詞并用時 husband and wife, knife and fork, day and night 8 表示泛指的復數名詞前 Horses are useful animals.三．代詞：

I.代詞可以分為以下七大類： 人稱代詞 主格 I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they 賓格 me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them 物主代詞 形容詞性 my, your, his, her, its, our, their 名詞性 mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs 反身代詞 myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves 4 指示代詞 this, that, these, those, such, some 疑問代詞 who, whom, whose, which, what, whoever, whichever, whatever 6 關系代詞 that, which, who, whom, whose, as 不定代詞 one/ some/ any, each/ every, none/ no, many/ much, few/ little/ a few/ a little, other/ another, all/ both, neither/ either II.不定代詞用法注意點： 1.one, some與any: 1)one可以泛指任何人，也可特指，復數為ones。some多用于肯定句，any多用于疑問句和否定句。One should learn to think of others.Have you any bookmarks? No, I don’t have any bookmarks.I have some questions to ask.2)some可用于疑問句中，表示盼望得到肯定的答復，或者表示建議，請求等。

Would you like some bananas? Could you give me some money? 3)some 和any修飾可數名詞單數時，some表示某個，any表示任何一個。I have read this article in some magazine.Please correct the mistakes, if any.4)some和數詞連用表示“大約”，any可與比較級連用表示程度。

There are some 3,000 students in this school.Do you feel any better today? 2.each和every: each強調個別，代表的數可以是兩個或兩個以上，而every強調整體，所指的數必須是三個或三個以上。Each student has a pocket dictionary./ Each(of us)has a dictionary./ We each have a dictionary.Every student has strong and weak points./ Every one of us has strong and weak points.3.none和no：

no等于not any，作定語。none作主語或賓語，代替不可數名詞，謂語用單數，代替可數名詞，謂語單復數皆可以。

There is no water in the bottle.How much water is there in the bottle? None.None of the students are(is)afraid of difficulties.4.other和another: 1)other泛指“另外的，別的”常與其他詞連用，如：the other day, every other week, some other reason, no other way，the other特指兩者中的另外一個，復數為the others。如： He held a book in one hand and his notes in the other.Two students in our class failed, but all the others passed the exam.2)another指“又一個，另一個”無所指，復數形式是others，泛指“別的人或事”如： I don’t like this shirt, please show me another(one).The trousers are too long, please give me another pair / some others.Some like football, while others like basketball.5.all和both, neither和either all表示不可數名詞時，其謂語動詞用單數。both和all加否定詞表示部分否定，全部否定用neither和none.All of the books are not written in English./ Not all of the books are written in English.Both of us are not teachers./ Not both of us are teachers./ Either of us is a teacher.四．形容詞和副詞 I.形容詞： 1.形容詞的位置：

1)形容詞作定語通常前置，但在下列情況后置： 修飾some, any, every, no和body, thing, one等構成的復合不定代詞時 nobody absent, everything possible 以-able,-ible結尾的形容詞可置于有最高級或only修飾的名詞之后 the best book available, the only solution possible alive, alike, awake, aware, asleep等可以后置 the only person awake 4 和空間、時間、單位連用時 a bridge 50 meters long 5 成對的形容詞可以后置 a huge room simple and beautiful 6 形容詞短語一般后置 a man difficult to get on with 2)多個形容詞修飾同一個名詞的順序： 代詞 數詞 性狀形容詞 冠詞前的形容詞 冠詞 指示代詞 不定代詞

代詞所有格 序數詞 基數詞 性質 狀態 大小 長短 形狀 新舊 溫度 顏色 國籍 產地 材料 質地 名詞

all both such the a this another your second next one four beautiful good poor large short square new cool black yellow Chinese London silk stone 3)復合形容詞的構成： 形容詞+名詞+ed kind-hearted 6 名詞+形容詞 world-famous 2 形容詞+形容詞 dark-blue 7 名詞+現在分詞 peace-loving 形容詞+現在分詞 ordinary-looking 8 名詞+過去分詞 snow-covered 4 副詞+現在分詞 hard-working 9 數詞+名詞+ed three-egged 5 副詞+過去分詞 newly-built 10 數詞+名詞 twenty-year II.副詞 副詞的分類： 時間副詞 soon, now, early, finally, once, recently 5 頻度副詞 always, often, frequently, seldom, never 2 地點副詞 here, nearby, outside, upwards, above 6 疑問副詞 how, where, when, why 方式副詞 hard, well, fast, slowly, excitedly, really 7 連接副詞 how, when, where, why, whether, however, meanwhile 程度副詞 almost, nearly, very, fairly, quite, rather 8 關系副詞 when, where, why III.形容詞和副詞比較等級：

形容詞和副詞的比較等級分為原級，比較級和最高級。比較級和最高級的構成一般是在形容詞和副詞后加-er和-est，多音節和一些雙音節詞前加more 和most。

1.同級比較時常常用 as…as…以及not so(as)…as…如：I am not so good a player as you are.2.可以修飾比較級的詞有：much, many, a lot, even, far, a bit, a little, still, yet, by far, any, a great deal。

3.表示一方隨另一方變化時用“the more…the more…”句型。如：The harder you work, the more progress you will make.4.用比較級來表達最高級的意思。如：I have never spent a more worrying day.5.表示倍數的比較級有如下幾種句型：

Our school is three times larger than yours./Our school is four times as large as yours./Our school is four times the size of yours.6.表示“最高程度“的形容詞沒有最高級和比較級。如：favourite, excellent, extreme, perfect。

五．介詞 I.介詞分類： 簡單介詞 about, across, after, against, among, around, at, below, beyond, during, in, on 2 合成介詞 inside, into, onto, out of, outside, throughout, upon, within, without 3 短語介詞 according to, because of, instead of, up to, due to, owing to, thanks to 4 雙重介詞 from among, from behind, from under, till after, in between 5 分詞轉化成的介詞 considering(就而論), including 6 形容詞轉化成的介詞 like, unlike, near, next, opposite II.常用介詞區別： 表示時間的in, on, at at表示片刻的時間，in表示一段的時間，on總是與日子有關 表示時間的since, from since 指從過去到現在的一段時間，和完成時連用，from指從時間的某一點開始 表示時間的in, after in指在一段時間之后，after表示某一具體時間點之后或用在過去時的一段時間中表示地理位置的in, on, to in表示在某范圍內，on指與什么毗鄰，to指在某環境范圍之外表示“在…上”的on, in on只表示在某物的表面上，in表示占去某物一部分 表示“穿過”的through, across through表示從內部通過，與in有關，across表示在表面上通過，與on有關 表示“關于”的about, on about指涉及到，on指專門論述 between與among的區別 between表示在兩者之間，among用于三者或三者以上的中間 besides與except的區別 besides指“除了…還有再加上”，except指“除了，減去什么”，不放在句首表示“用”的in, with with表示具體的工具，in表示材料，方式，方法，度量，單位，語言，聲音as與like的區別 as意為“作為，以…地位或身份”，like為“象…一樣”，指情形相似in與into區別 in通常表示位置（靜態），into表示動向，不表示目的地或位置

六．動詞 I.動詞的時態：

1.動詞的時態一共有16種，以ask為例，將其各種時態的構成形式列表如下： 現在時 過去時 將來時 過去將來時 一般 ask / asks asked shall/will ask should/would ask

進行 am/is/are asking was/were asking shall/will be asking should/would be asking 完成 have/has asked had asked shall/will have asked should/would have asked

完成進行 have/has been asking had been asking shall/will have been asking should/would have been asking 2.現在完成時與一般過去時的區別：

1)現在完成時表示過去發生的動作或存在的狀況，但和現在有聯系，強調的是對現在造成的影響或結果，它不能同表示過去的時間狀語連用，漢譯英時可加“已經”等詞。簡言之，利用過去，說明現在。如： I have already read the novel written by the world-famous writer.(已經看過，且了解這本書的內容)2)一般過去時只表示過去發生的動作或狀態，和現在無關，它可和表示過去的時間狀語連用，漢譯英時可加“過”，“了”等詞。簡言之，僅談過去，不關現在。如：

I read the novel last month.(只說明上個月看了，不涉及現在是否記住)I lived in Beijing for ten years.（只說明在北京住過十年，與現在無關）3.現在完成時與現在完成進行時的區別：

兩者都可以表示“從過去開始一直持續到現在”，在含義上如著重表示動作的結果時，多用現在完成時，如著重表示動作一直在進行，即動作的延續性時，則多用現在完成進行時。一般不能用于進行時的動詞也不能用于現在完成進行時。

I have read that book.我讀過那本書了。

I have been reading that book all the morning.我早上一直在讀那本書。4.一般將來時的表達方式： 將來時 用法 例句 will/shall+動詞原形 表示將來發生的動作或存在的狀態 My sister will be ten next year.be going to+動詞原形 含有“打算，計劃，即將”做某事，或表示很有可能要發生某事 It’s going to clear up.We’re going to have a party tonight.be + doing 進行時表示將來 go, come, start, move, leave, arrive等詞可用進行時表示按計劃即將發生的動作 He is moving to the south.Are they leaving for Europe? be about to + 動詞原形 表示安排或計劃中的馬上就要發生的動作，后面一般不跟時間狀語 I was about to leave when the bell rang.The meeting is about to close.be to + 動詞原形 表示按計劃進行或征求對方意見 We’re to meet at the school gate at noon.6 一般現在時表示將來 時刻表上或日程安排上早就定好的事情，可用一般現在時表示將來 The meeting starts at five o’clock.The plane leaves at ten this evening.II.動詞的被動語態：

常用被動語態 構成 常用被動語態 構成 一般現在時 am/is/are asked 6 過去進行時 was/were being asked 2 一般過去時 was/were asked 7 現在完成時 have/has been asked 3 一般將來時 shall/will be asked 8 過去完成時 had been asked 過去將來時 should/would be asked 9 將來完成時 will/would have been asked 5 現在進行時 am/is/are being asked 10 含有情態動詞的 can/must/may be asked 注

意

事

項 被動語態的否定式是在第一個助動詞或情態動詞后加not，短語動詞的被動態不可漏掉其中介副詞。固定結構be going to, used to, have to, had better變為被動態時，只需將其后的動詞變為被動態。如： Trees should not be planted in summer./ The boy was made fun of by his classmates.Newspapers used to be sent here by the little girl.漢語有一類句子不出現主語，在英語中一般可用被動結構表示。如： It is believed that… It is generally considered that… It is said that… It is well known that… It must be pointed out that… It is supposed that… It is reported that… It must be admitted that… It is hoped that… 下面主動形式常表示被動意義：如：

The window wants/needs/requires repairing.The book is worth reading twice.The door won’t shut./ The play won’t act.The clothes washes well./ The book sells well.The dish tastes delicious./ Water feels very cold.下面詞或短語沒有被動態：

leave, enter, reach, become, benefit, cost, equal, contain, last, lack, fit, fail, have, appear, happen, occur, belong to, take place, break out, come about, agree with, keep up with, consist of, have on, lose heart等等

七．情態動詞

I.情態動詞基本用法：

情態動詞 用法 否定式 疑問式與簡答

can 能力（體力，智力，技能）允許或許可（口語中常用）

可能性（表猜測，用于否定句或疑問句中）can not / cannot /can’t do Can…do…? Yes,…can.No,…can’t.could couldn’t do

may 可以（問句中表示請求）可能，或許（表推測）

祝愿（用于倒裝句中）may not do May…do…? Yes,…may.No,…mustn’t/can’t.might might not do Might…do…? Yes,…might No,…might not.must 必須，應該（表主觀要求）

肯定，想必（肯定句中表推測）must not/mustn’t do Must…do…? Yes,…must.No,…needn’t/don’t have to.have to 只好，不得不（客觀的必須，有時態人稱變化）don’t have to do Do…have to do…? Yes,…do.No,…don’t.ought to 應當（表示義務責任，口語中多用should ought not to/oughtn’t to do Ought…to do…? Yes,…ought.No,…oughtn’t.shall 將要，會

用于一三人稱征求對方意見

用于二三人稱表示許諾、命令、警告、威脅等 shall not/shan’t do Shall…do…? Yes,…shall.No,…shan’t.should 應當，應該（表義務責任）

本該（含有責備意味）should not/shouldn’t do Should…do…? will 意愿，決心

請求，建議，用在問句中would比較委婉 will not/won’t do Will…do…? Yes,…will.No,…won’t.would would not/wouldn’t do

dare 敢（常用于否定句和疑問句中）dare not/daren’t do Dare…do…? Yes,…dare.No,…daren’t.need 需要

必須（常用于否定句和疑問句中）need not/needn’t do Need…do…? Yes,…must.No,…needn’t.used to 過去常常（現在已不再）used not/usedn’t/usen’t to do didn’t use to do Used…to do…? Yes,…used.No,…use(d)n’t.Did…use to do…? Yes,…did.No,…didn’t.II.情態動詞must, may, might, could, can表示推測：

以must為例。must + do(be)是推測現在存在的一般狀態進行；must + be doing 推測可能正在進行的事情；must +have done是推測可能已經發生過的事情。1.must“肯定，一定”語氣強，只用于肯定句中。

He must be a man from America./ He must be talking with his friend./ He must have already arrived there.2.may和might“也許”，后者語氣弱，更沒有把握。可用于肯定句和否定句。He may not be at home./ They might have finished their task.3.can和could“可能”，could表示可疑的可能性，不及can’t語氣強，用于肯定、否定、疑問句中。The weather in that city could be cold now.We could have walked there;it was so near.（推測某事本來可能發生，但實際上沒有發生）

Can he be in the office now? No, he can’t be there, for I saw him in the library just now.(語氣很強，常用于疑問句和否定句中)III.情態動詞注意點：

1.can和be able to: 都可以表示能力。但be able to可以表達“某事終于成功”，而can無法表達此意。Be able to有更多的時態。另外，兩者不能重疊使用。

2.used to和would: used to表示過去常常做現在已經不再有的習慣，而would只表示過去的習慣或喜好，不涉及現在。

3.need和dare作情態動詞和實義動詞的區別： 兩者作情態動詞時常用于否定句和疑問句。其形式為：needn’t/daren’t do；Need/dare…do…?

做實義動詞時可用于肯定句，否定句和疑問句。其形式為：need(needs/needed)/dare(dares/dared)to do, don’t(doesn’t/didn’t)need/dare to do

八．非謂語動詞

I.非謂語動詞的分類、意義及構成： 非謂語形式 構成 特征和作用

時態和語態 否定式 復合結構

不定式 to do to be doing

to have done to be done to have been done 在非謂語前加not for sb.to do sth.具有名詞，副詞和形容詞的作用 在句中做主、賓、定、表和狀語

分詞 現在分詞 doing having done being done having been done 具有副詞和形容詞的作用 在句中做定、表、賓補和狀語

過去分詞 done 動名詞 doing having done being done having been done sb’s doing 具有名詞的作用 在句中做主、賓、定和表語

II.做賓語的非謂語動詞比較： 情況 常用動詞

只接不定式做賓語的動詞 hope, want, offer, long, fail, expect, wish, ask, decide, pretend, manage, agree, afford, determine, promise, happen

只接動名詞做賓語的動詞或短語 mind, miss, enjoy, imagine, practise, suggest, finish, escape, excuse, appreciate, admit, prevent, keep, dislike, avoid, risk, resist, consider

can’t help, feel like, succeed in, be fond of, object to, get down to, be engaged in, insist on, think of, be proud of, take pride in, set about, be afraid of, be tired of, look forward to, devote oneself to, be worth, be busy, pay attention to, stick to

兩者都可以 意義基本相同 begin, start, like, love, hate, prefer, continue（接不定式多指具體的動作，接動名詞多指一般或習慣行為）

need, want, require（接動名詞主動形式表示被動意義，若接不定式則應用被動形式）

意義相反 stop to do 停止手中事，去做另一件事 stop doing 停止正在做的事

意義不同 remember/forget/regret to do（指動作尚未發生）

remember/forget/regret doing（指動作已經發生）go on to do（接著做另外一件事）go on doing（接著做同一件事）

try to do（設法，努力去做，盡力）

try doing（試試去做，看有何結果）mean to do（打算做，企圖做）mean doing（意識是，意味著）

can’t help to do（不能幫忙做）can’t help doing（忍不住要做）III.非謂語動詞做賓語補足語的區別：

常見動詞 與賓語的邏輯關系及時間概念 例句

不定式 ask, beg, expect, get, order, tell, want, wish, encourage 主謂關系。強調動作將發生或已經完成 I heard him call me several times.have, notice, see, watch, hear, feel, let, make 現在分詞

notice, see, watch, hear, find, keep, have, feel 主謂關系。強調動作正在進行，尚未完成 I found her listening to the radio.過去分詞 動賓關系。動作已經完成，多強調狀態 We found the village greatly changed.IV.非謂語動詞做定語的區別： 區別 舉例

不定式 與被修飾詞往往有動賓關系，一般式表示將來，進行式表示與謂語動作同時發生，完成式表示在謂語動詞之前發生 I have a lot of papers to type.I have a lot of papers to be typed.動名詞 通常指被修飾詞的用途，無邏輯上的任何關系 Shall we go to the swimming pool?

現在分詞 與被修飾詞之間是主謂關系，表示動作與謂語動作同時發生 the boiling water / the boiled water the developing country/the developed country the falling leaves / the fallen leaves

過去分詞 與被修飾詞之間是被動關系，表示動作發生在謂語動作之前，現已經完成 V.非謂語動詞做主語和表語的區別： 區別 舉例

不定式 多表示一個特定的具體的將來的動作，做主語時可以借助于it把不定式移到句子后面。做表語有時可和主語交換位置，而且意義不變，并且還能用what來提問主語或表語。My dream is to become a teacher.To obey the law is important.(dream, business, wish, idea, plan, duty, task做主語時常用)

動名詞 與不定式的功能區別不大，然而它更接近于名詞，表示的動作比較抽象，或者泛指習慣性的動作，有時也可以用it做形式主語，做表語時可以和主語互換位置。It is no use saying that again and again.Teaching is my job.分詞 無名詞的性質，不能做主語。但是有形容詞的性質，可以做表語，多表明主語的特征性質或者狀態等，可被very, quite, rather等副詞修飾。

現在分詞多含有“令人…, , ”之意，說明主語的性質特征，多表示主動，主語多為物。過去分詞一般表示被動或主語所處的狀態，含有“感到…”之意，主語多是人。The situation is encouraging.The book is well written.(常見分詞有astonishing, moving, tiring, disappointing, puzzling, shocking, boring, amusing及其-ed形式)

九．定語從句 I.定語從句起了形容詞的作用，在句中修飾一個名詞或代詞。被修飾的詞叫做先行詞，引導定語從句的詞叫關系詞，他的作用一是放在先行詞與定語從句中間起了連接作用，二是在從句中擔當一個成分，并與先行詞保持數的一致。

關系詞 先行詞 從句成分 例句 備注

關系代詞 who 人 主語 Do you know the man who is talking with your mother? whom, which和that在從句中做賓語時，常可以省略，但介詞提前時后面關系代詞不能省略，也不可以用that whom 人 賓語 Mr.Smith is the person with whom I am working The boy(whom)she loved died in the war..whose 人，物 定語 I like those books whose topics are about history.The boy whose father works abroad is my deskmate.that 人，物 主語，賓語 A plane is a machine that can fly.She is the pop star(that)I want to see very much.which 物 主語，賓語 The book(which)I gave you was worth $10.The picture which was about the accident was terrible.as 人，物 主語，賓語 He is such a person as is respected by all of us.This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.as做賓語一般不省略

關系副詞 when 時間 時間狀語 I will never forget the day when we met there.可用on which where 地點 地點狀語 This is the house where I was born.可用in which

why 原因 原因狀語 I can’t imagine the reason why he turned down my offer.可用for which II.that與which, who, whom的用法區別： 情況 用法說明 例句

只用that的情況 1． 先行詞為all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much,等不定代詞時。2． 先行詞被all, any, every, each, much, little, no, some, few等修飾時 3． 先行詞有形容詞最高級和序數詞修飾時 4． 先行詞既指人又指物時

5． 先行詞被the only, the very修飾時

6． 句中已經有who或which時，為了避免重復時 1.He told me everything that he knows.2.All the books that you offered has been given out.3.This is the best film that I have ever read.4.We talked about the persons and things that we remembered.5.He is the only man that I want to see.6.Who is the man that is making a speech?

只用which, who, whom的情況 1． 在非限制性定語從句中，只能用which指代物，用who/whom指人 2． 在由“介詞+關系代詞”引導的定語從句中，只能用which指物，whom指人。

3． 先行詞本身是that時，關系詞用which, 先行詞為those, one, he時多用who。He has a son, who has gone abroad for further study.I like the person to whom the teacher is talking.Those who respect others are usually respected by others.III.as與which的區別： 定語從句 區別 例句

限制性定語從句中 名詞前有such和the same修飾時，關系代詞用as,不能用which He is not such a fool as he looks.Don’t read such books as you can’t understand.非限制性定語從句中 as和which都可以指代前面整個主句。如果有“正如，象”的含義，并可以放在主句前，也可以放在后面，那么用as；而which引導的從句只能放主句后，并無“正如”的意思。They won the game, as we had expected.They won the game, which we hadn’t expected.As is well known, he is a famous film star in the 1980s.IV.限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區別： 類別 語法意義及特征 例句

限制性定語從句 對先行詞起修飾限制作用，如果去掉，主句意思就不完整明確，這種從句與主句的關系十分密切，寫時不用逗號分開。The accident happened at the time when I left.非限制性定語從句 對先行詞作附加的說明，與主句的關系不十分密切，較松散。從句和主句之間用逗號分開，相當于一個插入語，不能用that引導，關系代詞做賓語時也不能省略。His mother, whom he loved deeply, died ten years ago.十．名詞性從句

種類 作用 常用關聯詞 例句

主語從句 在復合句中做主語，相當于名詞，一般置謂語之前，也可用it作形式主語，主語從句放主句之后 that, whether, if, as if, as though, who, whose, which, how, when, where, why, what, whatever, whoever, wherever Whether he will come or not doesn’t matter much.Whoever comes here will be welcome.表語從句 在復合句中做表語，相當于名詞，位于系動詞之后 It looks as if it is going to snow.賓語從句 在復合句中做賓語，相當于名詞 He asked me which team could win the game.同位語從句 放在名詞之后(news, problem, idea, suggestion, advice, thought, hope, fact等)表明其具體內容 You have no idea how worried we are.The fact that he lied again greatly surprised us.十一。狀語從句 種類 連接詞 注意點

時間狀語 when, whenever, while, as, before, after, until, till, by the time, as soon as, hardly…when, no sooner…than, the moment, the minute, immediately, directly, instantly 主句表示將來意義時，從句須用一般現在時；while引導的從句中動詞一般是延續性的；until用在肯定句中主句動詞是延續性的，而否定句中主句動詞為短暫性的。

地點狀語 where, wherever

原因狀語 because, as, since, now that because語氣最強，since較弱，表示大家都明了的原因，as又次之。

條件狀語 if, unless, once, in case, as long as, on condition that 從句中動詞時態不可用將來時，常用一般時代替

目的狀語 so that, in order that, for fear that so that和in order that后常接may, should, could, would等情態動詞

結果狀語 so…that, such…that

比較狀語 than, as…as, not so/as…as, the more…the more

方式狀語 as if, as though, as as if 和as though引導的從句一般用虛擬語氣。

讓步狀語 though, although, even if, even though, as, no matter what, whatever, no matter who, whoever, no matter which, whichever, no matter how, however, no matter when, whenever as在讓步狀語從句中常用倒裝形式；although和though用正常語序，可和yet連用，但不可和but連用

十二。倒裝句 種類 倒裝條件 例句

完全倒裝 here, there, up, down, in, out, off, away等副詞開頭的句子表示強調 Out rushed the children.表示地點的介詞短語作狀語位于句首 Under the tree stood two tables and four chairs.強調表語，置于句首，或為保持句子平衡 Present at the meeting were 1,000 students.部分倒裝 never, hardly, scarcely, seldom, little, not until, not等表示否定意義的副詞放于句首 Hardly did I know what had happened.only和修飾的狀語放于句首 Only then did he realized the importance of English.not only…but also連接并列的句子，前倒后不倒 Not only does he know French, but also he is expert at it.neither…nor…連接并列的句子，前后都倒裝 Neither do I know it, nor do I care about it.so…that, such…that中的so或such及修飾的成分放于句首時前倒后不倒 So busy is he that he can not go on a holiday.as引導的讓步狀語 Child as he is, he has learned a lot.so, neither或nor表示前句內容也適用于另外的人或事。He can play the piano.So can i.用于表示祝愿的祈使句中 May you be in good health!省略if的虛擬條件 Were I you, I would not do it in this way.十三。虛擬語氣 類別 用法 例句

If引導的條件從句 與現在事實相反 從句動詞：過去式（be用were）

主句動詞：should/would/could/might+動詞原形 If he were here, he would help us.與過去事實相反 從句動詞：had+過去分詞

主句動詞：should/would/could/might+have+過去分詞 If I had been free, I would have visited you.與將來事實相反 從句動詞：過去式 / should+動詞原形 / were+不定式

主句動詞：should/would/could/might+動詞原形 If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go camping.其它狀語從句 as if引導的狀語從句中動詞用過去式或過去完成式 They are talking as if they had been friends for years.in order that / so that引導的狀語從句中動詞用can / could / may / might / would等+動詞原形 Turn on the light so that we can see it clearly.賓語從句 demand, suggest, order, insist后接的從句中動詞為should+動詞原形 He suggested that we not change our mind.wish后的從句中分別用過去式，過去完成式和should/would+動詞原形表示與現在，過去和將來情況相反 I wish I could be a pop singer.主語從句 在It is necessary / important / strange that…, It is suggested / demanded / ordered / requested that… 等從句中，謂語動詞用should+動詞原形 It is strange that such a person should be our friends.其它句型中 It is time that…句型中動詞用過去式或should+動詞原形 It’s high time that we left.would rather所接的從句中動詞用過去式或者過去完成式 I would rather you stayed at home now.If only句型中動詞常用過去式或者過去完成式，表示強烈的愿望 If only our dream had come true!

十四。重要句型

1.It was not until midnight that he finished his task.2.Not until he came back from abroad was I able to see him again.3.The harder you work, the greater progress you will make.4.He walked around the house, gun in hand.5.May you be in good health!6.Wish you a pleasant journey back home!7.The professor was a humorous man with big nose and deep-set eyes.8.What surprised me most was his imagination and patience.9.He lay on the grass, with his eyes looking at the sky and his hands under his head.10.Sitting under the tree are Mr.Green and his first teacher.11.On the wall hang two pictures of famous scientists.12.Looking back upon those past years, he couldn’t help feeling very proud.13.No sooner(Hardly)had he arrived at the theatre than(when)the play started.14.Young as he is, he has learned advanced mathematics.15.How I regret the hours wasted in the woods and fields!16.There stands a beautiful vase in the corner of the room.17.Ten miles north of the town lies a paper factory.18.There goes the bell.19.Nowhere has the world ever seen such a bird as here.20.It is no use crying for help.21.If only I had been your student in the middle school!22.It is believed that such a thing will not happen again.23.Only when he explained did I realize the reason for this.24.“He works particularly hard.” “So he does, and so do you.”

25.Not only Alice but also Jane and Mary are tired of having one examination after another.26.Such was Albert Einstein, a simple person of great achievements.十五。動詞搭配 1.add to增加，增進 add … to把…加進… add up相加

add up to總計，所有這一切說明

1)I don't think these facts will ________ anything.2)Fifty new books have been ________ the library.3)The music _________ our enjoyment of the film.4)You must have made a mistake when you _______ the bill ________.(add up to, added to, add to, added…up)2.break away from打破，脫離，掙脫，改掉 break down出毛病，身體(精神)衰弱，分解，拆開 break off暫停，中斷 break in強行進入，插話 break into闖入

break into pieces成為碎片 break out爆發

break up搗碎，驅散，瓦解，學期結束，拆散 break through突破

1)The criminal managed to break _______ ______ the police and ran into the woods.2)When he heard the news, he broke _______ and cried.3)Don't break ________ while others are speaking.4)Why don't you break ________ for a few minutes and have some coffee? 5)When does school break ________? 6)After harvest we break _________ the soil with a tool pulled by two oxen.(away from, down, in, off, up, up)3.bring up撫養，嘔吐，提出 bring about造成 bring out拿出，出版 bring in引入，引進，掙錢 bring back使回想起 bring down使下降，使倒下

1)The shopkeeper brought his price _________ to only five dollars.2)The school has brought _________ new foreign teachers to teach oral English.3)The song brought ___________ happy memories of our schooldays.4)Do you know what brought ___________ this misunderstanding? 5)The kind old man agreed to bring __________ the young orphan.6)We decided to bring the matter ___ at the next meeting.7)The wind brought _______ a lot of trees last night.8)Next month they will bring ________ a new edition of the book.(down, in, back, about, up, up, down, out)4.call on號召，拜訪（某人）call at拜訪、參觀（某地）call for去叫某人, 要求, 需要 call up使回憶起, 征召入伍 call in召集，請某人來 call out大喊，高叫 call off取消，不舉行

1)Doctors are often called _____ in the middle of the war.2)Please wait for me at home.I'll call _______ you at your house at seven tonight.3)The trains calls _______ several big cities between Beijing and Guangzhou.4)He called her name __________, but she didn't answer.5)The sports meet was called ____ on account of the rain.(in, for, at, out, off)5.come about發生，出現 come down下跌，落，降，傳下來 come in進來

come into(sight/being/existence/use/notice/effect)come on來臨/ 快點 come out出版，結果是 come along一道來，趕快

come to達到(an end/an agreement/a stop)蘇醒，合計，總共是 come over走過來 come up發芽，走近come across偶然碰到 come back回想起 come from來自，源自

1)I come _________ the book I lent you last month.2)How did it come _________ that you both got lost? I thought you had a map.3)It suddenly came _________ to me where I had seen the boy before.4)Come __________ now, or else we shall be late.5)He came __________ me like a tiger.6)The price of petrol has come _________ since the beginning of this year.7)The word came __________ use many years ago.8)When the examination result came _________, he had already got a job.9)The bill came __________ over a thousand dollars.10)I sowed the seeds over a month ago, but they haven't come __________ yet.(for, about, back, on, at, down, into, out, to, up)6.cut across抄近路 cut down砍倒，削減

cut off切斷，割掉，斷絕關系 cut up連根拔除，切碎 through剪斷，鑿穿 cut out刪（省）掉，戒掉 cut in插嘴

1)Don't cut ___ this tree.It will be very shady in summer.2)You must cut ________ the number of cigarettes you smoke, or it will cause illness.3)We decided to cut _________ the moor（曠野）to the village.4)Cutting the tree ____ means cutting the tree into pieces.5)The electricity was cut ___________ when the lady refused to pay the bill.6)We were having a pleasant conversation when Tom cut __________.（down, down, across, up, off, in）

7.die of(disease/hunger/grief/old age)死于（疾病，饑餓，寒冷，情感原因）die from死于（意外事故、情形）die away漸漸消逝 die out絕種 die down(爐火)漸熄 die off逐一死去 8.fall behind落后 fall over one's feet 跌跤 fall down掉下，跌倒 fall back撤退，后退

1)Babies often fall _____ when they are learning to walk.2)Our team seems to have fallen __________ the others.3)As soon as the enemies fell __________, the people returned to their village.4)She fell__________ the bench and had her leg broken.（down, behind, back, over）9.go in for從事，喜愛，參加 go through通過，經受 go over復習，檢查

go up（價格）上漲，建造起來 go after追捕，追趕 go against違反

go ahead先行，開始吧，問吧，說吧 go away離開 go by時間過去

go down下沉，降低，（日、月）西沉 go on(with)繼續進行 go with相配，陪同 go without沒有，缺少 go out外出，熄滅 go all out全力以赴

go off爆炸，進行，變壞，斷電，停止供應 go back on背約，食言 go beyond超出

1)Many new factories have gone __ in the past few years.2)Rents have gone __________ greatly recently.3)Many years have gone ___________ since we first met.4)Let's continue our journey until the sun goes _______.5)His actions went ___________ the will of the people, 6)I can't do it, for it goes ___________ my duty.7)Over 100 students went ____________ this entrance examination.8)The bomb went ____________ and killed ten people.9)The buyer went ___________ the car carefully before reaching a decision.10)This tie doesn't go ___________ my blue shirt.11)If you think you can solve the problem, go ______.12)Many students went __________ playing basketball.(up, up, by, down, against, beyond, through, off, over, with, ahead, in for)10.get down下來，記下，使沮喪 get down to致力于，專心于 get on進展，進步，穿上，上車 get off脫下,下車 get in收集，插（話）get away逃跑，逃脫，去休假 get over忘記，越過，克服，從疾病中恢復 get along with進展，相處 get up起床

get through打通電話，完成，通過 get round消息傳開

get close to sth.接近，幾乎 get into(trouble)get to(know)get back取回，收回 get out 1)She spoke so fast that I couldn't get ____ what he said.2)We will find ways to get _________ difficulties.3)The story has got __________, and everyone knows about it.4)When I get _________ with the report, I'll go to the cinema.5)After a delicious meal the two men got __________ to business.6)Don't always get __________ a word when others are speaking.7)It took me a long time to get ___________ such an unpleasant experience.(down, over, round, through, down, in, over)11.give away贈送，泄露，出賣 give out發出，疲勞，分發，公布 give off發出（光、熱、氣體）give in(to sb.)屈服 give up放棄，讓（座位）

1)His accent at last gave him __________.2)The liquid gave ________ a strong smell.3)The headmaster gave ___________ the names of the prize-winners.4)The soldiers gave _________ the town to the enemies.5)Who will help me to give the books ___________? 6)Don't believe in those who give his friends ________.7)After a long walk, my strength gave ____________.(away, off, out, up, out, away, out)12.hand in交上，提交 hand out分發 hand down流傳，遺傳 13.hang about閑逛 hang up掛電話

14.hold back阻止，隱瞞 hold up舉起，使停頓 hold on別掛電話，等，堅持 hold out持續，堅持，伸出 hold down控制，鎮壓

1)I'm sure he is holding something _________.2)She managed to hold ______ her emotion until her guests had left.Then she cried.3)Tell him to hold ________ a moment.I'll come soon.4)Our food supply won't hold _________ for more than a few days.5)The train was held ________ as a result of the floods.6)These measures helped to hold ___________ the city's population.7)Hold ___________ your left arm, please.(back, back, on, out, up, down, up)15.keep up(courage, English, spirits)保持，keep up with跟上

keep off(grass)不接近，離開

keep away from避開，不接近，離…遠遠的 keep out of keep to(rules, promise)堅持，遵守 keep on繼續，堅持下來

keep back阻止，留下，隱瞞，扣下 keep from克制，阻止

1)The angry lady told the strangers to keep ________ from her.2)I can hardly keep ________ my tears after hearing his words.3)Only pride kept her __________ bursting into tears.4)I can scarcely keep __________ asking him what he has done.5)“Don't touch me,” screamed the woman, “Keep __________!” 6)Keep _________ until you succeed.7)Keep _________ your courage, and you'll succeed in the end.8)The thick coat can keep the cold ___________.9)Always try to keep ___________ the rules when you play a game.10)I can't keep ________ with everything you're doing.(away, back, from, from, off, on, up, out, to, up)16.knock at/on敲 knock into撞到某人身上 knock down撞倒 knock out of把…敲出 knock over撞倒

knock off停止工作，休息

1)The boxer soon knocked his opponent _________.2)The office stuff knocks _________ at six every day.3)Try knocking __________ the window and see if there is anyone indoors.4)He was so absorbed in his book that he knocked __________ the car parked there.(down, off, on, into)17.leave for離開前往 leave out刪去，遺漏 leave behind遺留,忘記拿走 leave to留給，遺囑贈于 leave over遺留，剩下，延期

1)“Whose name has been left __________?” demanded the teacher.2)When he died, he left all his property _____ his niece.3)He suddenly realized that he had left his umbrella ___________.4)Don't leave this matter _________ until tomorrow.5)Leave some meat ___________ for tomorrow.6)Those are questions left _________ by history.(out, to, behind, over, over, over)18.look up查找，向上看 look through翻閱，瀏覽 look on旁觀 look on…as看作 look into調查

look after/ at / for 照顧/看/尋找 look out(for)當心

look about / around/round四下查看 look down upon瞧不起 look back upon回憶，回顧 look ab.up and down仔細打量某人 look ab in the face/eyes直視某人

1)I spent two hours looking ______ the students' papers.2)Look _______!There is a big hole in front.3)He took part in the game, and the rest of us just looked ______ and cheered for him.4)The old man looked _____ upon the days of his youth.5)She was so snobbish（勢利）that she looked __________ upon all his neighbours.6)The police promised to look __________ the case as soon as possible.7)He looked __________ but saw nobody, and he listened but hear nothing.(through, out, on, back, down, into, about/around/round)19.make up編造，配制，打扮，組成 make up for彌補

make into / of / from 制成

make out弄懂，發現，看出,填寫，開列（清單）make for走向，駛往，促使

1)Can you make this length of cloth __________ a suit? 2)I asked the driver if he was making ___________ London? 3)My father made __________ a check for me to buy the camera.4)We must make the loss _________ next week./ He tried hard to make ________ for the damage he had done.5)He made __________ a story, which I found hard to believe.6)Someone is coming, but I can't make ___________ who it is.(into, for, out, up/up, up, out)20.pass away去世 pass by經過

pass down(on)…to傳給 pass through經歷 pass over漠視，忽視

1)The old clock has been passed ________ to me from my grandfather's grandfather.2)The man passed ___________ last week in peace.3)We are passing ____________ difficult times.4)The secretary passed ___________ the details in the first part of his report.(down, away, through, over)21.pay back還錢，報復

pay for付錢，為…受到懲罰，因…得到報應 pay off還清

1)How much did you pay __________ the dictionary? 2)You should pay _________ the money you borrowed from me.3)I'll pay him ____________ for all his crimes(罪行)against me.4)Some day, you'll pay __________ what you have done today.5)Has she pay ____________ the debt yet?（for, back, back, for, off）

22.pick up拾起，獲得(information)，接人，站起，收聽，自然習得(language /knowledge)，恢復重獲(pick up health)pick out挑選，辨認，看出

1)I picked the information __________ while waiting in the queue.2)My friend has arranged to pick me _________ at 6:00.3)The patient has picked _________ health during the last two weeks.4)She picked _______ the most expensive pair of shoes.5)I can't pick John ___________ in the crowd.6)Can I pick __________ VOA with this short-wave radio? 7)He fell down suddenly, but picked himself ___________ quickly.(up, up, up, out, out, up, up)pick cotton/flower/leaves/words選詞

23.put up搭起，張貼，舉起，安裝，投宿，安排住下 put up with忍受 put out伸出，撲滅 put off推遲 put into放進，翻譯 put away放好，存錢 put down記下，平息

put on穿戴，上映，增加(put on weight/speed)put forward 提出，提前 put through 接通電話 put aside放到一邊 put back放回

1)He put _________ half his wage every week.2)The government soon put __________ the revolt（**）.3)Put your watch __________.It's slow.4)He put __________ his hand for me to shake.5).Please put me __________ to Extension（分機）2.6)We put ___________ for night at the village inn.7)He is very proud, and he often put _________ airs.（擺架子）8)We had a telephone put _____________ in our office.9)I can't put __________ with your laziness.(away, down, forward, out, through, up, on, up, up)24.pull down拆掉，推翻 pull on匆匆穿上 / off 脫 pull in進站 pull out取出,(火車)離站 pull down往下拉,拆毀 pull over駛到一邊

pull through恢復健康,渡過難關,脫離險境 pull up（使）停住

1)The train slowly pulled __________ and disappeared in the distance.2)All the old houses here have now been pulled ______, and new ones are to be built.3)The car pulled _________ when I blew the horn.4)The doctor thinks the man will pull __________.5)The driver pulled ________ at the traffic lights.(out, down, over, through, up)25.push over推倒，刮倒

push ahead(on, forward)繼續前進，堅持下去 push through排除困難辦好謀事，努力設法通過，擠過

1)We've decided to push __________ with our plan to build a new road 2)Many trees were pushed __________ in the hurricane.3)They were determined to push the new rules ________ at any cost..4)Take care not to push the baby _________.5)They pushed ___________ the crowd and at last reached us.(on, over, through, over, through)26.run across偶然碰到 run after追逐，追捕 run away逃跑 run for競選

run into偶然碰到（困難）遇見（人），相撞 run out of用完

1)If you drive so fast, you'll run _________ someone some day.2)I ran __________ a friend of mine in the exhibition.3)Our water has run __________.Can you fill up some more bottles? 4)Why do you always run __________ adventure? 5)He didn't want to run ___________ president that year.6)In that way you will only run __________ difficulties.(into, across/into, out, after, for, into)27.see off送行 see through看透，識破 see to照料，照管 28.send for派人去請 send off送行

send out發出（光亮）等 send up發射 29.set up建立

set off出發，觸發，引起 set out動身，著手(to do)，陳述 set about開始著手(doing)set to work(n.)開始做 set back撥回，使推遲

1)I shall set my watch ___________ by five minutes.2)We set __________ reading the text aloud immediately the bell rang.3)We set _________ at daybreak yesterday and we've been travelling ever since then.4)I set __________ to advise him not to drink.5)What were the reasons he set ___________ in his report? 6)The president set __________ a special group of soldiers to guard him.7)The unpopular law set _________ a series of protests.（抗議）(back, about, off/out, out, out, up, off)30.take off脫掉，起飛 take on呈現 雇傭 take away拿走 take in吸收，領會 take up從事，占用（時間空間）take down記錄，取下 take back收回 take for誤認為 take along隨身帶 take over接管 take out 1)I take _________ all I said about his dishonesty.2)He went to the shelf and took __________ a book of poems.3)At first I took him _________ a doctor.4)I can see that most of you have taken ________ everything that the teacher taught.5)Bill has now taken __________ his father's business.6)My job takes __________ most of my time.7)The boss took ____________ twenty people for his new company.(back, down, for, in, over, up, on)take charge of負責, take sth.for granted想當然, take hold of抓住, take pride in以… ……為自豪, take the place of, 代替take turns to do輪流做, take office就職 31.think of想起 think of…as把…看作 think out想出 think up想出 think about考慮 think over仔細考慮 think well of sb.對某人看法好 32.turn off / on打開

turn over翻身，反復考慮，翻（書頁），翻轉 turn out證明為，結果，制造成品 turn to轉向，求助 turn down調低，拒絕 turn against變得敵視，反對 turn away打發走，驅逐，轉過臉去 turn back返回，轉回去 turn round轉過身來

turn up向上翻，露面，出現，音量調大 turn in上繳

turn upside down把倒置，弄得亂七八糟

1)The child turned __________ its mother for comfort.2)Turn ___________ and let me see your face.3)However much he turned the problem ________ in mind, he could find no satisfactory solution.4)The English evening party turned _________ a great success.5)The sight of the accident was too much for her to bear, and she turned _______.6)The football stadium was full, and many people had to be turned __________.7)The army turned him ___________ on account of(因為)his poor health.8)She turned the whole house ___________ in her search for her missing purse.9)Where did your purse turn ____________? I found it in the snow.10)The villagers suddenly turned __________ the foreigners who lived nearby.11)The factory turns ____________ 2000 new cars last year.(to, round, over, out, away, away, down, upside down, up, against, out)

第五篇：英語語法

Topic3 Bicycles are popular with people

一、重點詞匯：

（一）詞形轉換：

1.death(動詞)die(形容詞)dead 2 slow(副詞)slowly

3.crossing（動詞）cross 介詞）across 4.success（動詞）succeed(形容詞successful

5．Pain(形容詞)painful 6.lead(名詞)leader

7.final(副詞)finally 8impossible(反義詞)possiblecourage（動詞）encourage

（二）重點詞組:

1．Slow down 減速

2.run into 撞到

3.avoid doing sth 避免 防止做某事

4.warn sb to do sth 警告/提醒某人做某事

5.ride into 進入 躋身于get used to(doing)習慣于做某事

7.a sharp turn 急轉彎

8.be popular with 受……的歡迎

9.get a fine 處以罰金

10.go on doing sth 繼續做某事

11.the way to success 成功之路

12.obey the traffic rules 遵守交通規則 13.break the traffic rules 違反交通規則 14.be afraid of doing sth 害怕做某事 15.be famous for 因……聞名

16.be in danger 處于危險中

17.after a while 一會兒

二． 重點句型及重點語言點

1．I think traffic in Beijing is crazy.我認為北京的交通很擁堵。

traffic 是不可數名詞

2.If people obey the traffic rules , there will be fewer accidents.如果人們都遵守交通規則，交通事故將會減少。

If we break the traffic rules, it will be dangerous and we will get a fine.如果人們違反交通規則，將很危險，我們會受到處罰的。

這是if 引導條件狀語從句，主句用一般將來時，從句用一般現在時。

3．I feel a little more confident.我感到自信多了。

more confident 是比較級

4.It can help us save energy and avoid pollution.這樣可以節約能源以及避免空氣污染。avoid sth / doing sth 避免做某事

You should avoid making the mistake like that.He ran into the wall to avoid hitting the truck.5.Bicycles are popular with people.自行車深受人們歡迎。Be popular with 受……歡迎 6 It warns us to be more careful.Warn sb(not)to do sth 警告/提醒某人做某

事

He warned her to keep silence.Warn sb about sth 提醒某人某事

7.Most people think bicycles are much safer than any other vehicle.大部分人認為自行車比其他交通工具要安全些。

8．.However, his way to success didn’t go well.然而，他的成功之路并非一帆風順。

The way to success 成功之路 success in doing sth 在……成功

I didn’t have much success in finding a job.我找工作沒什么結果。

9．Like the other challenges in his life, Lance faced it head-on.像面對生命中其他挑戰一樣，蘭斯迎頭面對。

10．It seems impossible to beat him.打敗他似乎是不可能的。

beat sb 打敗某人 win a game /match/ a gold medal

It seems +adj+to do sth 做某事似乎……

She always seems to be sad.