第一篇：初中英語語法總結

1.agree with sb 贊成某人2.all kinds of 各種各樣3.all over the world = the whole world 整個 世界4.along with同……一道，伴隨…… 5.As soon as 一....就....6.Askfor ……求助 向…要… 7.ask sb for sth 向某人什么8.ask sb to do sth 詢問某人某事 ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事9.at the age of 在……歲時10.at the beginning of …… ……的起初；……的開始11.at the end of +地點/+時間 最后；盡頭；末尾12.be able to(+ v 原)= can(+ v 原）能夠…be able to do sth 13.be afraid to do(of sth 恐懼，害怕… 14.be allowed to do 被允許做什么15.be angry with sb 生某人的氣be angry with(at)sb for doing sth 為什么而生某人的氣16.be as…原級…as 和什么一樣 eg : She is as tall as me 她和我一樣高17.be born 出生于18.be busy doing sth 忙于做什么事 be busy with sth 忙于……19.be different from…… 和什么不一樣20.be famous for 以……著名21.be from = come from 來自He is from Bejing.He comes from BejingIs he from Bejing ?Does he come from Bejing ?22.be full of 裝滿……的 be filled with 充滿The glass is full of water.The glass is filled with water23.be good at(+doing)= do well in 在某方面善長, 善于……24.be interested in 對某方面感興趣25.be made from 由……制成(制成以后看不見原材料)be made of 由……制成(制成以后還看得見原材料)26.the same as … 和什么一樣27.be used to doing sth習慣做某事28.because+句子because of +短語

29.begin to do = start to do 開始做某事30.borrow sth from sb 向……借……lend sth to sb /lend sb sth 借給……什么東西31.catch up with sb 趕上某人32.come in 進come over to 過來come up with 提出 33.communicate with sb 和某人交流34.consider + doing 考慮做什么eg : Why not consider going to lu zhou 為什么不考慮去瀘州？ 35.decide to do sth 決定做某事36.expect to do sth 期待做某事37.fall down 摔下來 fall off 從哪摔下來38.find sb/sth +adj 發現什么怎么樣eg : I find the book interesting39.finish 完成+doing（名詞）40.get /have sth down 做完，被（別人）做…eg: I have my hair cut 我理了發(頭發被剪了）Tom got his bad tooth pulled out 湯母把他的壞牙拔掉了（被牙醫拔掉了）41.get on well with sb 與某人相處得好get along with sb = get on with sb 與某人相處42.get ready for = be ready for為什么而準備 43.have been to …(地方）……去過某過地方have gone to …（地方）去了某地還沒回來44.have trouble(problem)(in)doing sth 做什么事情有麻煩45.help sb with sth 幫助某人某事（某方面）help sb(to)do sth 幫助某人做某事46.if : 是否＝wethereg: I don't know if(wether)I should go to the party 我不知道我是否應該去參加晚會He don't know if(wether)we will arrive on time tomorrow morning 他不知道我們明天早上是否能準時到達if :如果，假如（全部接一般時態）＋條件語態從句eg: I'll go to LuZhou if it does't rain 假如明天不下雨，我就去瀘州If they change the plan they will let me know 假如他們要改變計劃，他們會讓我知道的I'll go to England ,if I have

enough money next year 如果我明年由足夠的錢，我就要去英國47.in one's opinion某人認為48.in some ways 在某些方面49.in the end = finally(adv)最后50.in the north of 在...的北方（north 北 sowth 南 west 西 east 東）51.instead of +（名）代替eg: I'd like an apple instead of a pear 我想要蘋果，而不要梨子I like English instead of math 我喜歡英語而不喜歡數學 52.introduce sb to sb 介紹某人給某人 introduce oneself 自我介紹 53.invite sb to do sth 邀請某人做某事54.It takes sb sometime to do sth 做某人花掉某人多少時間55.It's +adj +(for sb)to do sth 對某人來說做某事怎么樣56.It's time to do sth It's time for sth 到了該去做某事的時間eg : It's time to have class It's time for class 該去上課了57.join = take part in 參加58.key to +名詞 表示：某物的鑰匙或某題的答案59.laugh at… 取笑……60.learn to do sth 學做某事61.look after = take care of 照顧 照看62.make a decision to do sth 決定做某事63.make sb /sth +adj 使某人（某物）怎么樣eg : You must made your bed clean64.Be make up be made up of(被動語態）由……組成65.not…at all 一點都不66.not…until 直到……才……eg: I didn't sleep until my mother came back The child didn't stop crying until I give her sugar67.offer / provide sb with sth 給某人提供offer sb sth(offer sth to sb 提供什么東西給某人eg : I offer you waterI offer water to you 我給你提供水68.on one's way to… 在誰去那的路上 69.on the one hand 一方面 on the other hand 另一方面70.on time 準時 in time 及時

71.one of +可數名詞的復數形式72.one to another 一個到另一個73.practice +doing 練習做某事74.prefer sth to sth 相對……更喜歡……eg : I prefer physics to chemisty 在物理和化學中，我更喜歡物理 75.prefer doing to sth 更喜歡去做…不愿意去做…eg: He prefers riding a bike to diving 他更喜歡騎自行車，不開小車76.prefer to do sth rather than do sth 寧愿做…也不愿eg: My unde prefers to buy a now car rather than repaiv the used one 我叔叔更喜歡買新的車，也不去修舊車77.rather…than 寧可……也不……eg : I would rather be a doctor than a teacher 我愿肯當醫生，也不當老師78.return sth to sb 還什么東西給某人79.sb spend somemoney(sometime)on sth 花了多少錢(時間)在某事上80.sb spend sometime(in)doing sth 花了多少時間做某事81.show sb sth= show sth to sb 向某人展示某物eg : I show her the book.eg: Show me your pen Show your pen to me82.start…with…=begin…with… 從……開始83.stop doing 停下正在做的事84.stop to do 停下正在做的事去做下一件事85.stop sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事86.① talk to 對誰說eg : I talk to you② talk with 和誰說eg : I talk with him③ talk of 談到eg : we talked of you④ talk about 談論關于……⑤talk with sb 和某人說話87.teach sb sth 教某人做某事88.tell sb do/not to do sth 告訴某人做/不做某事89.too…to… 太怎樣而不能……adj +enough to 足夠…能…So…that +叢句eg: He is too young to go to school = He is so young that he can't go to schoolHe is old enough to go to school

＝ He is so old that he can go to school90.transalte …into… 把什么翻譯成什么eg : Trasalte English into chinese91.try one's best to do sth盡某人最大的努力去做某事 eg: I will try my best to learn English well92.try to do sth 想干什么，但沒成功 try doing sth 想干什么，已經做過了eg ：He tried to climb 他想爬上去，但沒成功He tried climbing 他想爬上去，已經做過了93.turn down 開小turn up 開大turn off 關上turn on 打開

第二篇：初中英語語法總結

第一講

1(see、hear、notice、find、feel、listen to、look at(感官動詞)+do eg:I like watching monkeys jump（比較級 and 比較級）表示越來越怎么樣 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟（容易）agree with sb 贊成某人

all kinds of 各種各樣 a kind of 一樣

all over the world = the whole world 整個 世界 along with同……一道，伴隨…… eg : the students planted trees along with their teachers 學生同老師們一起種樹 As soon as 一怎么樣就怎么樣 as you can see 你是知道的

ask for ……求助 向…要…（直接接想要的東西）eg : ask you for my book

ask sb for sth 向某人什么

ask sb to do sth 詢問某人某事 ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事

at the age of 在……歲時 eg：I am sixteen I am at the age of sixteen

at the beginning of …… ……的起初；……的開始 at the end of +地點/+時間 最后；盡頭；末尾 eg : At the end of the day

at this time of year 在每年的這個時候

初中英語語法復習（2）be /feel confident of sth /that clause +從句 感覺/對什么有信心，自信 eg : I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pass the test be + doing 表：1 現在進行時 2 將來時 be able to(+ v 原)= can(+ v 原）能夠…… eg : She is able to sing She can sing be able to do sth 能夠干什么 eg :she is able to sing 21 be afraid to do(of sth 恐懼，害怕…… eg : I'm afraed to go out at night I'm afraid of dog be allowed to do 被允許做什么 eg: I'm allowed to watch TV 我被允許看電視 I should be allowed to watch TV 我應該被允許看電視 be angry with sb 生某人的氣 eg : Don't be angry with me 24 be angry with(at)sb for doing sth 為什么而生某人的氣 25 be as…原級…as 和什么一樣 eg : She is as tall as me 她和我一樣高 be ashamed to 不好意思… 27 be away from 遠離 28 be away from 從……離開 be bad for 對什么有害 eg : Reading books in the sun is bad for your eyes 在太陽下看書對你的眼睛不好 30 be born 出生于

初中英語語法復習（3）B．情感型使動詞：

情感型使動詞表示客觀事物使人產生情感上的變化，可以分為下列概念：（1）驚訝（surprise）；（2）高興（delight）；（3）惱怒（irritation）；（4）煩擾（trouble）；（5）興趣（interest）；（6）激動（excitement）；（7）迷惑（bewilderment）；（8）堅信（conviction）；（9）恐嚇（fright）；（10）厭倦（tiredness）和（ll）憤怒（anger）。這類動詞用于被動語態時，要注意前置詞的用法。分述如下：（1）驚訝：

表示“驚訝”概念的情感型使動詞，主要有surprise，astonish，astound，amaze，startle，stun，dumbfound，shock等，例如： 78）a．The taste surprised him，it was not as he'd imagined． b．The taste made him surprised，it was not as he'd imagined． c．He was surprised by the taste，it was not as he'd imagined．（這味道使他大出意外，那完全不是他原先想的那樣。）79）a．The news astonished everybody． b．The news made everybody astonished． c．Everybody was astonished at the news．（這個消息使大家感到驚奇。）

80）a．Sherlock Holmes astounded Dr Watson with his accurate analysis．

b．Sherlock Holmes made Dr Watson astounded with his accurate analysis．

c．Dr Watson was astounded by Sherlock Holmes with his accurate analysis．

（夏洛克·福爾摩斯精確的分析使華生醫生感到驚奇。）81）a．Their performance amazed me． b．I was amazed at／by their performance．（他們的演出使我驚奇。）

82）a．The explosion startled me out of my sleep． b．I was startled out of my sleep by the explosion．（爆炸聲使我從睡夢中驚醒。）

83）a．The unfairness of their judgment stunned me． b．I was stunned by the unfairness of their judgment．（他們判決的不公正使我為之震驚。）

84）a．The strange news completely dumb-founded me． b．I was completely dumbfounded at／by the strange news．（這個奇怪的消息完全把我驚呆了。）

85）a．The news of her death greatly shocked me． b．I was greatly shocked at the news of her death．（她的死訊使我大為震驚。）初中英語語法復習（4）B．情感型使動詞：(2)

（2）高興：

表示“高興”概念的情感型使動詞，主要有delight，please，statisfy，amuse等，例如： 86）a．Her singing delighted us． b．Her singing made us delighted． c．We were delighted at her singing．（她的歌聲使我們歡樂。）87）a．His work pleased me． b．His work made me pleased． c．I was pleased with his work．（他的工作使我高興。）

88）a．The result completely satisfied most of the people． b．Most of the people were completely satisfied with the result．（這個結果使大多數人完全滿意。）

89）a．The old man's jokes amused the children． b．The children were amused at／by the old man's jokes．（老人講的笑話逗得孩子們都笑起來。）（3）惱怒：

表示“惱怒”概念的情感型使動詞，主要有annoy，irritate，vex，displease等，例如：

90）a． What he said annoyed me． b．What be said made me annoyed． c．I was annoyed by what he said．（他的話使我惱怒。）91）a． His delay irritated us． b．His delay made us irritated． c．We were irritated by his delay．（他的拖延激怒了我們。）

92）a．The boy's bad behaviour vexed his mother． b．The boy's mother was vexed by his bad behaviour．（這男孩子的惡劣行為使他母親生氣。）93）a．Her levity displeased him． b． He was displeased at／with her levity．（她的輕浮使他感到不快。）

初中英語語法復習（5）

be interested in 對某方面感興趣

be late for = come late to 遲到 eg: Be late for class 上課遲到

be like 像…… eg : I'm like my mother 49 be mad at 生某人的氣

be made from 由……制成(制成以后看不見原材料)51 be made of 由……制成(制成以后還看得見原材料)52 be not sure 表不確定 53 be on a visit to 參觀

be popular with sb 受某人歡迎 55 be quiet 安靜

be short for 是…的縮寫 eg: 陶 is short for 陶俊杰 57 be sick in bed 生病在床

be sorry to do sth / be sorry for sb eg : I am sorry for you 很遺憾做…/ 對某人感到抱歉

be sorry to hear that 很遺憾聽到…

be sorry to trouble sb eg : I am sorry to trouble you 很抱歉打擾某人

初中英語語法復習（6）

be strict in doing sth 嚴于做某事 eg : He's strict in obeying noles

be strict with sb 對某人要求嚴格 eg: Some students are not strict with them selves 這些學生對自己不嚴格 63 be strict with sb in sth 某方面對某人嚴格 64 be supposed to do 被要求干什么 65 be sure 表確定 66 be sure of doing sth 對做某事有信心 eg: He is sure of winning I am sure of learning English well

be sure of sth 對做某事有信心 eg: I'm sure of my head(my teacher 我相信我的大腦（老師）

be sure that sth 對做某事有信心 eg: I'm suer that he can pass the test 我相信他能通過考試

be sure to do sth一定會做某事eg: We are sure to pass the test 我們一定會通過這次考試 We are sure to learn English well 我們一定能學好英語

be terrified of + 名/動doing 害怕…… 71 be terrified to do sth 害怕做某事 72 be the same as … 和什么一樣

be used to doing sth習慣做某事 eg: My father is used to getting up early 我爸爸習慣早He is used to sleeping in class 他習慣上課睡覺

be worth doing 值得做什么

be(feel)afraid to do sth 害怕做某事be afraid of sth 害怕某物 be afraid that 叢句

第二講

（一）形容詞，副詞比較級和最高級的構成。

（二）比較級用法：

1.同級比較時（a=b），用“as +形容詞，副詞原級+as”，表

示??和??一樣

This newspaper is as expensive as that one.Today is as cold as yesterday.They have as many things to do as we do.2.如果a=b,用not as/so ?as , 表示。。不及。。

Your bag is not as/so big as his.There is not as/so much rain this year as last year.It is not as/so cold in Nanjing as in Beijing.3.兩個人或事物進行比較，a>b 或a

（1）比較級+and+比較級，表示越來越。。The weather is getting warmer and warmer.I believe our country will become stronger and stronger.（2）the+比較級??，the +比較級??表示越??就越?? The more you read and listen to English, the fewer you make

mistakes.The harder you work , the better you get.6.表示倍數，百分數和分數的比較級與程度副詞一樣，要把倍數，百分數和分數放到比較 級前。The road is one third longer than that one.He is 6 years older than you.（三）形容詞，副詞的最高級：

1.三個或三個以上的人或事物進行比較用最高級。其結構是：

the+最高級+范圍 Peter is the cleverest boy in our class.Which is the most interesting movie you have seen? Who is the youngest of all the teachers in your school? 2.形容詞的最高級前表示‘第幾’，用the+序數詞+形容詞的最高級+名詞

Mike was the second tallest basketball player in our school.3.形容詞的最高級前有物主代詞時，不再加the He showed me his best stamp collection.（四）重點詞匯：

1.You can move from one news site to other sites with similar

information.similar to sb./sth.We have very similar interests.Gold is similar in color to brass.2.On average, I look at news websites twice as often as TV

programs.On average, there are about 10 classes in Grade 1 every year.3.However, some news channels are on TV all day and so, in this way, they are the same as Internet websites.the same as 表示和??一樣，相當于as?as This book is the same as that one.These pens are not the same as the others.4.Websites sometimes have short videos but often these are too

large to open.She is too exc ited to speak.You are too young to go to school.5.at any time

This is a 24-hour fast food restaurant.You can go there at any

time.You can call me at any time.6.at certain times The news is on TV only at certain times, so it is not as recent as

the Internet news.7.instead of

Could I have chicken instead of pork?

（五）課文寫作框架：

Paragraph1 General introduction Let’s compare two types of

news.Paragraph2 Advantages of TV news 1.See and hear real people.2.The pictures and sound are better.3.Someone has already chosen the most important news.Paragraph3 Disadvantages of TV news 1.TV news is not as

recent as the Internet news.2.TV news programs have ads.Paragraph 4 Advantages of the Internet news 1.You can see

them at any time.2.The news is updated all the time.3.It’s easy to find similar information.4.You can comment or join in a discussion.Paragraph 5 Disadvantages of the Internet news 1.The Internet news is not as personal as TV news.2.The sound and video are not good.3.There are ads on websites.Paragraph 6 Conclusion It’s hard to say which one is better.［課堂練習］ I、選擇填空

1.My schoolbag is larger than________.A.she B.her C.hers D.hers’

2.He's much ________ today, but she is even ________.A.well, worse B.well, better C.better, ill D.better, worse 3.My aunt is very _______, but my uncle is much ________.A.strong, strongest B.strong, stronger C.stronger, stronger D.strong, strong 4.We have ________ rain this year than last year.A.plenty B.much C.plenty of D.more 5.He always makes his radio as _______ as possible.A.louder B.loudly C.loud D.aloud 6.We are glad to see that Shanghai is developing _____ these years than before.A.quickly

B.less quickly

C.more quickly

D.quicker 7.Hello, Mr.Green!I want to see you right now.Can you come as

_____ as possible?

A.quick

B.soon

C.late

D.can 8.A: Jane, it’s time to go to school.Get up and have breakfast.B: But I am not feeling _____.I don’t feel like eating anything.A.bad

B.good

C.well 9.It’s ____ to teach a man fishing than to give him fish.A.more B.better

C.good

D.best 10.Bill jumped _____ than any other player in the sports meeting.A.tall

B.taller

C.high

D.higher

II.用所給詞的適當形式填空。

1.Where do you get the news about what _________(happen)now in the world? 2.You mustn’t read it.It is a ______________(person)letter.3.Can you find the ____________ between news on TV and news

on the Internet?(different)4.You can join in a ____________ on many new sites.(discuss)5.The newspaper is _____________ as expensive as that one.(two)6.He draws even ______________ than his father.(well)7.This text is far _____________________.(interesting)8.News Today does not cover as _______________ as News Time.(much)

III.用所給形容詞或副詞的適當形式填空

1.Which runs________(fast), a cheetah or a kangaroo? 2.Mr.Zhang speaks ________(clear)of all the teachers.3.They did _________(bad)on the test th an the other students.4.Who is ________(good)at playing chess, you or your brother? 5.Who did ________(well)in the competition? 6.After the accident he drove __________(careful)than before.7.She talks ________________(quickly)than her sister.8.Liu Mei sings_________________(beautiful)in our class.9.________(hard)you study, __________(high)mark you will get.10.The day is getting_____ and ____(short).11.He got a cold yesterday and he feels even _____________ today.(bad)

第三篇：初中英語語法總結

1(see、hear、notice、find、feel、listen to、look at(感官動詞)+do eg:I like watching monkeys jump 2（比較級 and 比較級）表示越來越怎么樣 3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟（容易）4 agree with sb 贊成某人 all kinds of 各種各樣 a kind of 一樣 all over the world = the whole world 整個 世界 7 along with同……一道，伴隨……

eg : I will go along with you我將和你一起去

the students planted trees along with their teachers 學生同老師們一起種樹 8 As soon as 一怎么樣就怎么樣 9 as you can see 你是知道的 10 ask for ……求助 向…要…（直接接想要的東西）eg : ask you for my book 11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么 ask sb to do sth 詢問某人某事 ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事 13 at the age of 在……歲時

eg：I am sixteen I am at the age of sixteen 14 at the beginning of …… ……的起初；……的開始 15 at the end of +地點/+時間 最后；盡頭；末尾 eg : At the end of the day at this time of year 在每年的這個時候 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +從句 感覺/對什么有信心，自信

eg : I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pass the test 18 be + doing 表：1 現在進行時 2 將來時 19 be able to(+ v 原)= can(+ v 原）能夠…… eg : She is able to sing She can sing 20 be able to do sth 能夠干什么 eg :she is able to sing 21 be afraid to do(of sth 恐懼，害怕…… eg : I'm afraid to go out at night I'm afraid of dog 22 be allowed to do 被允許做什么

eg: I'm allowed to watch TV 我被允許看電視 I should be allowed to watch TV 我應該被允許看電視23 be angry with sb 生某人的氣 eg : Don't be angry with me be angry with(at)sb for doing sth 為什么而生某人的氣 25 be as…原級…as 和什么一樣

eg : She is as tall as me 她和我一樣高 26 be ashamed to 27 be away from 遠離 28 be away from 從……離開 29 be bad for 對什么有害

eg : Reading books in the sun is bad for your eyes 在太陽下看書對你的眼睛不好 30 be born 出生于

be busy doing sth 忙于做什么事 be busy with sth 忙于…… 32 be careful 當心；小心

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be different from…… 和什么不一樣 34 be famous for 以……著名 35 be friendly to sb 對某人友好 36 be from = come from 來自

eg ：He is from Beijing He comes from Beijing Is he from Beijing ? Does he come from Beijing ? 37 be full of 裝滿……的 be filled with 充滿

eg: the glass is full of water the glass is filled with water 38 be glad+to+do/從句

be going to + v(原）將來時

be good at(+doing)= do well in 在某方面善長, 善于…… 41 be good for 對什么有好處

eg : Reading aloud is good for your English 42 be happy to do 很高興做某事 43 be helpful to sb 對某人有好處

eg : Reading aloud is helpful to you 大聲朗讀對你有好處

Exercising is helpful to your body 鍛煉對你的身體有好處 44 be in good health 身體健康 45 be in trouble 處于困難中

eg : She is in trouble They are in trouble 46 be interested in 對某方面感興趣 47 be late for = come late to 遲到 eg: Be late for class 上課遲到 48 be like 像……

eg : I'm like my mother 49 be mad at 生某人的氣

be made from 由……制成(制成以后看不見原材料)51 be made of 由……制成(制成以后還看得見原材料)52 be not sure 表不確定 53 be on a visit to 參觀 54 be popular with sb 受某人歡迎 55 be quiet 安靜

be short for 表**的縮寫 eg: 陶 is short for 陶俊杰 57 be sick in bed 生病在床

be sorry to do sth be sorry for sb eg : I am sorry for you 59 be sorry to hear that 60 be sorry to trouble sb eg : I am sorry to trouble you 61 be strict in doing sth 嚴于做某事 eg : He's strict in obeying noels 62 be strict with sb 對某人要求嚴格

eg: Some students are not strict with them selves 這些學生對自己不嚴格

be strict with sb in sth 某方面對某人嚴格 64 be supposed to do 被要求干什么 65 be sure 表確定

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be sure of doing sth 對做某事有信心

eg: He is sure of winning I am sure of learning English well 67 be sure of sth 對做某事有信心

eg: I'm sure of my head(my teacher 我相信我的大腦（老師）68 be sure that sth 對做某事有信心

eg: I'm sure that he can pass the test 我相信他能通過考試

be sure to do sth一定會做某事

eg: We are sure to pass the test 我們一定會通過這次考試 We are sure to learn English well 我們一定能學好英語 70 be terrified of + 名/動doing 害怕…… 71 be terrified to do sth 害怕做某事 72 be the same as … 和什么一樣 73 be used to doing sth習慣做某事

eg: My father is used to getting up early 我爸爸習慣早 He is used to sleeping in class 他習慣上課睡覺 74 be worth doing 值得做什么

be(feel)afraid to do sth 害怕做某事be afraid of sth 害怕某物 be afraid that 叢句 76 because+句子 because of +短語

eg : He was late because he had a headache He was late because of his headache 77 begin to do = start to do 開始做某事 start…with…=begin…with… 以什么開始什么

eg : Let's begin the game with the song I begin to go home 78 between…and… 兩者之間

borrow sth from sb 向……借…… lend sth to sb(lend sb sth 借給……什么東西

eg : I borrowed a pen from him he lent a pen to me(he lent me a pen 80 both = the same(as)= not different(from)表相同 81 bother 打擾 bother sb to do sth eg : I'm sorry to bother you ,but can you tell me to way to the station 我十分道歉打擾你，但是你能告訴我怎么去車站

the problem has been bothering me for weeks 這個問題困擾了我幾個周了 He's bothering me to lend him money 82 by the end of 到……為止 83 call sb sth eg : We call him old Wang 84 care 關心 eg : Don't you care about this country's future ?你為什么不關心國家的未來 85 catch up with sb 趕上某人

chat with sb 和某人閑談 take sb to + 地點 帶某人去某地 87 come in 進88 come over to 過來 89 come up with 提出

eg: Can you come up with a good idea 你能想出一個好辦法嗎？ 90 communicate with sb 和某人交流 91 consider + doing 考慮做什么

eg : Why not consider going to lu zhou 為什么不考慮去瀘州？

dance to 隨著……跳舞

eg : She likes dancing to the music 她喜歡隨著音樂跳舞

decide to do sth 決定做某事 94 do a survey of 做某方面的調查

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do better in 在……方面做得更好 96 do wrong 做錯

Don't forget to do sth 不要忘了做某事 98 Don't mind +doing /從句 /名詞 不要介意…… 99 each +名（單）每一個…

eg : Each student has many books 每一個學生都有一些書 100 end up +doing 101 enjoy +doing喜歡 102 escape from 從……逃跑

eg: The prisoners have escaped from the prison犯人從監獄里逃跑出來 103 expect to do sth 期待做某事

fall down 摔下來 fall off 從哪摔下來 105 fall in love with sb /sth 愛上什么 106 far from 離某地遠

eg: The school is far from my home 107 find +it +adj +to do 發現做某事怎么樣 108 find sb/sth +adj 發現什么怎么樣

eg : I find the book interesting 109 finish 完成+doing（名詞）110 fit to sb = be fit for sb 適合某人

forget to do 沒有做而忘了 forget doing 做了而又忘了

eg: Don't forget to go home I forget closing door 112 from…to… 從某某到某某

eg: From me for her 113 get /have sth down 做完，被（別人）做…

eg: I have my hair cut 我理了發(頭發被剪了）

Tom got his bad tooth pulled out 湯母把他的壞牙拔掉了（被牙醫拔掉了）

get a part-time job= find a part-time job 115 get along well with sb = get on well with sb 與某人相處得好 116 get along with sb = get on with sb 與某人相處 117 get ready for = be ready for為什么而準備

eg : I get ready for math I am ready for math 118 get sb in to trouble 給某人麻119 get sb to do sth 120 get…from… 從某處得到某物 121 give a talk 做報告

eg: He is give a tall 122 give sth to sb give sb sth 給某人某物 123 go fish 釣魚 go swimming 游泳

go on to do 去做下一件事 go on doing 繼續做這件事 125 go out away from go out of 126 go to school 上學（用于專業的）go to the school 去學校（不一定是上學）127 good way to 好方法

hate to do 討厭沒做過的事 hate doing 討厭做過的事

have a party for sb 舉辦誰的晚會 130 have a talk 聽報告 談一談 131 have been doing 現在完成進行時

eg : You have been talking You have been sleeping since 132 have been to …(地方）……去過某過地方 have gone to …（地方）去了某地還沒回來

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have fun +doing 玩得高興 134 have sth to do 有什么事要做

eg: I have a lot of homework to do 我有很多家庭作業要做 I have nothing to do 我沒什么事情做

have to do sth 必須做某事

have trouble(problem)(in)doing sth 做什么事情有麻煩 137 have…time +doing

have…(時間)…off 放……假

eg: I have month off 我請一個月得假 139 hear sb +do/doing 聽見某人做某事/正在做某事 140 help a lot 很大用處

help sb with sth one's sth 幫助某人某事（某方面）help sb(to)do sth 幫助某人做某事 142 hope to do sth 希望做某事

How about(+doing)= What about(+doing)144 how do you like = what do you think of 你對什么的看法 145 if : 是否＝wether eg: I don't know if(wether)I should go to the party 我不知道我是否應該去參加晚會

He don't know if(wether)we will arrive on time tomorrow morning 他不知道我們明天早上是否能準時到達

if :如果，假如（全部接一般時態）＋條件語態從句

eg: I'll go to LuZhou if it does't rain 假如明天不下雨，我就去瀘州

If they change the plan they will let me know 假如他們要改變計劃，他們會讓我知道的 I'll go to England ,if I have enough money next year 如果我明年由足夠的錢，我就要去英國

in one's opinion = sb think 某人認為 148 in some ways 在某些方面 149 in the end = finally(adv)最后

in the north of… 什么在什么的北方（north 北 sowth 南 west 西 east 東）151 in the sun 在太陽下 152 increase 增加

eg : They've increased the prece of petrol by 3% 他們把石油價增加了3% the population has increased from 12 million ten years ago to 18 million now 153 instead of +（名）代替

eg: I'd like an apple instead of a pear 我想要蘋果，而不要梨子 I like English instead of math 我喜歡英語而不喜歡數學

154 introduce sb to sb 介紹某人給某人 introduce oneself 自我介紹 155 invite sb to do sth 邀請某人做某事

156 It takes sb sometime to do sth 做某人花掉某人多少時間

eg : It took me 5 minutes to do my homework It takes me half an hour to cook 157 It's +adj +for sb to do sth 對某人來說做某事怎么樣 158 It's +adj +to do 做某事怎么樣

159 It's +adj for sb 對于某人來說怎么樣 It's +adj of sb 對某人來說太怎么樣

160 It's +adj(for sb)to do（對某人來說）做某事怎么樣 It's +adj of sb to do sth 對某人來說做某事太怎么樣

eg : It's nice of you to help me with my English 161 It's a good idea for sb to do sth 對…… 來說是個好主意 162 It's important to sb 對某人來說很重要 eg: It's important to me 163 It's time to do sth It's time for sth 到了該去做某事的時間

eg : It's time to have class It's time for class 該去上課了 164 join = take part in 參加

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165 just now 剛才

166 keep +sb /sth +adj /介詞短語 讓什么保持什么樣？ 167 keep out 不讓 …… 進入 168 keep sb adj 讓……保持……

eg: I want to keep my mother happy keep healthy 保持健康 169 key to +名詞 表示：某物的鑰匙或某題的答案 170 key to… anser to … key 可以是答題或鑰匙 171 laugh at… 取笑……

eg : Don't langh at others We langhed at the joke 172 learn by oneslfe 自學 173 learn from sb 向某人學習

eg: We should learn from Lei Feng 174 learn to do sth 學做某事 175 let sb do sth 讓某人做某事 176 Let sb down 讓某人失望

eg ： We shouldn't let our farents down 我們不應該讓我們的父母失望 177 live from :離某地遠

178 live in +大地方 /at +小地方 居住在某地

eg: I live in LuZhou She lives at XuanTan 179 look after = take care of 照顧 照看 180 lose one's way 誰 迷 路

eg : Lose your way 你迷路

181 make a decision to do sth 決定做某事 182 make friends with sb 和誰成為朋友

eg : I want to make friends with you 183 make it early 把時間定的早一點

184 make on exhibition of oneself 讓某人出洋相 185 make sb /n +n 使什么成為什么

eg : I made her my step moller I made you my wife 186 make sb /sth +adj 使某人（某物）怎么樣

eg : You must made your bed clean 187 make sb /sth adj 使某人/某物怎么樣 188 make sb do sth 讓某人做某事

eg : I made him write 我以前讓他寫

189 make up be made up of(被動語態）由……組成 190 make…difference to…

191 mind sb to do mind one's doing 介意……做什么 192 most +名 most of +代

193 much too +形容詞 194 must be 一定 195 need +名詞

196 need sb do sth 需要某人做某事 197 need to do(實義動詞）need do(情態動詞）198 no /neithr of hate to do no /neithr of hate doing 199 no +名詞

200 not anymore = no more 再也不……

eg: He didn't cry any more He cried no more 他再也不哭

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201 not…(形、副）at all

eg: He's not tall at all she doesn't junp far at all 202 not…at all 一點都不 203 not…either 表否定，也不

eg : I don't japanse either I don't have sister, either 我也沒有姐姐

204 not…until 直到……才……

eg: I didn't sleep until my mother came back The child didn't stop crying until I give her sugar 205 offer / provide sb with sth 給某人提供

206 offer sb sth(offer sth to sb 提供什么東西給某人

eg : I offer you water(I offer water to you 我給你提供水 207 on one's way to… 在誰去那的路上

208 on the one hand 一方面 on the other hand 另一方面 209 on the phone = over the phone 用電話交談 210 on time 準時 in time 及時

211 one day ＝some day ＝someday 一天，有一天 212 one of +可數名詞的復數形式 213 one to another 一個到另一個 214 over and over agin 一遍又一遍的

eg : He cleaned the floor over and over agin 215 part-time job 兼職工作 fall-time job 全職工作 216 pay for… 付……錢 pay the bill 開錢，付錢 217 please +do 218 please help yourself 219 pleased with sb 220 pool into = pore into 221 practice +doing 練習做某事

222 prefer sth to sth 相對……更喜歡……

eg : I prefer physics to chemisty 在物理和化學中，我更喜歡物理 prefer doing to sth 更喜歡去做…不愿意去做…

eg: He prefers riding a bike to diving 他更喜歡騎自行車，不開小車 prefer to do sth rather than do sth 寧愿做…也不愿

eg: My unde prefers to buy a now car rather than repaiv the used one 我叔叔更喜歡買新的車，也不去修舊車 prefer sb not to do sth 更愿意…

eg: I prefer her not to come 我不喜歡她不來 223 pretend to do sth 裝著去做什么 pretend that 從句

eg : The two cheats pretended to be working very hard 這兩個騙子裝著努力工作

He pretended that he did not know the answer 他裝著不知道答案 224 rather…than 寧可……也不……

eg : I would rather be a doctor than a teacher 我愿肯當醫生，也不當老師 He likes dogs rather than cats 他喜歡狗，不喜歡貓 225 regard…as 把……當作……

eg: Please give my best regards to your family 請帶我向你的家人我最好的問候 I regard you as my friend 我把你當作我的朋友 He shows little regard for others 他不愛關心別人

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226 remind sb about sth 提醒某人什么事 remind sb to do sth 提醒某人做某事

eg : he reminds me about cooking(he reminds me to cook 他提醒我做飯 227 remind sb of sth 使某人想起什么

eg : the pictures remind me of my school days 這照片使我想起了我的學校 the words that(which)the teacher talked to remind me of my mother 228 return sth to sb 還什么東西給某人 229 say to oneself 對自己說 230 say to sb 對某人說

231 sb spend some money on sth 花了多少錢在某事上 232 sb spend sometime with sb 花了多少時間陪誰 233 sb spend sometime(in)doing sth 花了多少時間做某事 234 sb with sb +is sb and sb +are 235 see sb do 看見某人做過某事 see sb doing 看見某人正在做某事 236 seem to do/be +adj 顯得怎么樣

eg: You seem to be tired You seem to be happy 237 send +sb sth 送給某人某物 238 send…to…把什么寄到哪里去？ 239 shock 使……震驚

eg: Oh, It's only you!You give me a shock 啊，是你呀！嚇我一跳 240 show sb sth 向某人展示某物

eg: I show her the book.241 show sb sth = show sth to sb 拿什么東西給某人看

eg: Show me your pen Show your pen to me 242 show sth to sb 向某人展示某物

eg: I show the book to her.243 some…others… 一些……另一些……

244 start…with… 從……開始 begin…with… 從……開始 245 stay away from 遠離……

eg : We're told to stay away from the animals whe visiting the zoo 當我們參觀zoo 時，我們要遠離動物 If you want to lose weight you'd better stay auay from the sweet food 徒工你想減肥，你最好遠離甜食 246 stop doing 停下正在做的事

247 stop sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事 248 stop sb(from)doing 阻止某人做某事 249 stop to do 停下正在做的事去做下一件事 250 such +名 這樣，這種 251 suit sb 適合某人

252 surprise sb 使某人驚奇 to one's surprise 令某人驚奇 253 take classes 上課 254 take sb to 把某人帶去

eg : I take you to the hospital

255 take walks = take a walk ＝ go for a walk 散步 256 ①talk to 對誰說 eg : I talk to you ② talk with 和誰說eg : I talk with him ③ talk of 談到 eg : we talked of you ④ talk about 談論關于……

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257 talk with sb 和某人說話 258 teach sb sth 教某人做某事 259 tell sb do sth 告訴某人做某事

260 tell sb sth tell sb that 叢句 tell sb not to do sth tell a story 261 tell sb sth 告訴某人某事

262 tell sb to do sth 告訴某人做什么 tell sb not to do sth 告訴某人不要做什么 263 tell…from… 264 thank you for +doing 265 the same +名詞(doing)+as……

266 the same…(名)…as as…(adj adv)…as 相同

267 the way to do sth ＝ the way of doing st做某方面 的方法the way to +地方 去哪的路

eg :Do you know the way to learn English Do you know the way of learning English 268 the way to…（地點）到哪的

269 too…to… 太怎樣而不能……adj +enough to 足夠…能… so…that +叢句

eg: He is too young to go to school = He is so young that he can't go to school He is old enough to go to school ＝ He is so old that he can go to school 270 transalte ……into…… 把什么翻譯成什么

eg : Trasalte English into chinese 271 travel with sb和某人去旅游

272 try one's best to do sth盡某人最大的努力去做某事

eg: I will try my best to learn English well 273 try to do sth 想干什么，但沒成功 try doing sth 想干什么，已經做過了

eg ：He tried to climb 他想爬上去，但沒成功 He tried climbing 他想爬上去，已經做過了274 try…試衣服 have a try 試一下 275 turn down 開小 ←→ turn up 開大

276 turn off 關上 ←→ turn on 打開 open 拆開 277 upside down 倒著 278 visit to… 參觀某個地方 279 wait for sb 等某人

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第四篇：初中英語語法總結

Summary of

Grammar

1.賓語從句：1.主句若是一般現在時，從句根據實際情況用適當時態。He says(that)he will have a walk soon.The teacherasks who is the cleverest in the school.I． want to know who came here late this morning.2.主句若是一般過去時，從句也要用過去時。

He wondered if I would come.She told me that her son had got well.She said that she liked watching TV.We thought Jim was wrong.3.無論主句是何時態，從句若表客觀真理，要用一般現在時。

Mr.Li said the moon is smaller than the earth.4賓語從句無論有何引導詞，都要用陳述句語序。

Could you tell me when you will get back to Wuhan?（不是will you）

Do you know which sweater she is wearing?(不是is she)2.狀語從句：1主句若是一般將來時、祈使句或含不表過去的情態動詞等，則if(如果), unless(除非)，when(當?的時候), as soon as(一?就?)，before, after, until, till, as(當?的時候)所引導的狀語從句用一般現在時。

You may take a rest when you finish doing your work.I will call you up if I leave for Shanghai next week.Wait for your brother at the bus station until he arrives.2而主句若是一般過去時，從句也要用過去時，如：

I would give the money to the charity if I had a million dollars.When he got to the park, his classmates had left.My son ran towards me as soon as he saw me on the street.3.定語從句：關系代詞who只指人，which只指物。that既可指人又可指物。whose 后必須跟有名詞，既指人，也可指物。關系詞作主語時，不可省略，作賓語時可省略。whom只指人，只作賓語。關系副詞where指“在那里”，when指“在那時”。

She is a girl who/that is beauti l and kind-hearted.She is a girl(who/whom/that)I know very well.That boy whosehair is very long is my brother.(所屬)

The girl whois tall is my sister./ I own a bike whoseprice is high.I bought a watch(which/that)I paid 100 yuan for.（指物）

I prefer a place which/thatis clean and quiet.I prefer a place whereI can live a quiet life.（在這兒）

I shall never forget the day whena boy helped me find my dog.4.wish和hope:1wish可接to do sth./sb to do sth./that從句.I wish to spend my summer holiday in Qingdao.I wish youto join my flowers smell beauti l.The sweets taste sweet.The silk feels soft.I felt tired.這些動詞不用于被動語態。The sweets are tasted sweet.是錯誤的。

注意：如果加介詞like, 則后不可接形容詞，而接名詞或代詞：

He looks like his mother.That sounds like a good idea.It smells like a flower.It tastes like salt.8.find和think部分用法: + 賓語 + 賓語補足語。(代替賓從)

賓補有以下情況：1.名詞短語，John found his son a clever boy.2.形容詞短語，Mrs.Smith thinks her husband kind of lazy.3.有時賓補后可接帶to不定式，I found it hard to fool the girl.9.would like/want/feel like: 1 would like，和want類似：◇都可接名詞短語：I would like/ want another three desks.◇都可接帶to 不定式：I would like/ want to go out for a walk.◇都可接sb,然后再跟帶to 不定式: I would like you to give me a hand.2 feel like: ◇后也可接名詞短語：Do you feel like some tea? ◇后若接動詞，須用動詞ing形式：Do you feel like having a walk? I don’t feel like drinking tea.【feel like常用于疑問句或否定句中?！?/p>

10.詞序易錯的短語：1 形容詞修飾不定代詞或不定副詞，形容詞在后面。Is there anything delicious in the fridge?

Nothing serious.There is something wrong with the computer.I want to go somewhere warm.else修飾疑問詞和不定代詞、不定副詞，也放在后面。

What else can you see in the picture? Who else is in the room?

Do you have anything else to say? Where else can you see it? enough修飾形容詞和副詞，enough 放在后面。

This sweater is cheap enough.Nemo is old enough to work.He ran fast enough to catch up with the dog.11.對“評價”、“天氣”的提問之區別：1What do you think of ??=

How do you like ?? “你對?怎么看？”(How??句中有like，是動詞。)2What’s the weather like in?? = How is the weather in??“?的天氣什么樣?”(What??句中有like，是介詞“像”。)

12.take, cost, pay, spend區別： It + take + sb + some time + to do sth.It took us half an hour to cut down the tree.物+cost+sb+錢: The bag cost me thirty yuan.(cost, cost, cost)

若cost后無sb, 則譯作“價錢是”：The bag costs 30 Yuan.人+ pay +sb + 錢+ for sth: I paid the seller 200 Yuan for the bike.(pay, paid, paid).(pay后所加內容可視具體情況取舍。)人 + spend + 時間/ 錢 + on sth /(in)doing sth.The girl spent two hours(in)searching the Internet.The girl always spends much money on her clothes.spend 有時可指“度過”：spend holiday/ weekends/ winter 13.雙賓結構：pass/ give/ teach/ offer/ lend/ send/ sell/ call/ show/buy/

ask/ tell/ build等可加雙賓結構。即后接sb + sth.其中pass, give, offer, lend, send, sell, show等可接sth + to sb.buy, build等可接sth + for sb.另外，若sth是代詞時，不用雙賓結構。Please pass it to me.14.部分詞作連詞與介詞：（連詞接句子，介詞接名詞或代詞）

Keep care l when you are listening to the teacher.（連詞）

Keep care l when listening to the teacher.（介詞）

類似的，while, than, before, after, as, since, until等。

如：I’ll wait until I hear from her.（連詞）

I’ll wait until next Friday.（介詞）

那個叫做彼得的男孩是我的朋友。劃線部分起修飾作用，下同。

He’s eating fried chicken.他在吃炸雞。There is no time left.I have read a novel writtenby Lu Xun.我讀了一部魯迅寫的小說。

He lives in a house builttwenty years ago.2.動詞ing作形容詞：表示正進行或功能，常作定語。

the ing boy, a running bus, the rising sun, a bus running on the road, the boy ing in the corner(正進行)

a sitting room, the sleeping car, the bathing suit(功能)16.動詞ed與動詞ing作形容詞用法之二：和心理感受有關，但ed修飾人，ing常修飾物。I felt surprised at his words.How exciting the film is!/ I want to go to a place which is relaxing.17.動詞ing和帶to不定式作主語：

To be a teacher is my dream.Working hard brings you success.Taking care of our environment is very important.To plant trees makes me happy.（謂語用單數）

Reading books gives you knowledge.(謂語用單數)

Listening and writing are both difficult.(謂語用復數)18.later / after / ago /before: 1later“?時間后”結構：時間段+later

常用于一般過去時。They went to Beijing five days later.(later單獨在句尾，常用于將來時：I’ll see you later.)

2after“?時間后”結構：after+時間段，常用于一般過去時，和1相同。They went to Beijing after five days.(after也可加句子：I’ll send you an e-mail after I get home.He found out the information after he had searched the Internet for thirty minutes.)

3ago“?時間前”結構：時間段+ago, 用于一般過去時。The Greens moved to Shanghai four weeks ago.(since +時間段+ago，主句用現在完成時)

4before 單獨放在句尾，常用現在完成時：“以前”

I have been to London before.He has seen the film before.(若是時間段+before, 則常用過去完成時，譯為“?時間前”：

I had seen the film two weeks before.We had found out the answer to the problem an hour before.)19.四季

20.月份

21.星期 22.“也”：either, 用于否定句的末尾。also, 通常挨著動詞，少用于句尾。too, 通常在句尾，前常有逗號。as well, 只用于句尾。注意：后三個詞都不用于否定句

23.帶to不定式用法之一：帶to不定式有邏輯賓語在前時，to后動詞用及物動詞，不及物時需加介詞。The apples are too tall for the boy to reach./The zoo is not a good place for animals to live in.24.(a)little /(a)few: 1few，little“幾乎沒有；少”否定詞。few加可數名詞復數, little加不可數名詞。2a few“一些”肯定詞，加可數名詞復數;a little“一些；一點”也是肯定詞，加不可數名詞。3另外，在too, very, so等詞后用few, little;在only, just, still等詞后用a few, a little.而quite a few/ a little譯為“很多”

25.及物動詞+副詞：put on/off/away/up/down/out;break off/down;

turn on/off/up/down;get back;use up;give away/out/up/back;try out/on;ring/call up;let down;clean up/out;set up;think up;hand in/out;fix up;work out;;dress up;pick up;help out;

keep off/out/down cut down;write down;wake up(叫醒);

take off/away;sell out;look up/over;eat up;throw away/off

賓語是名詞時，可放在中間或后邊，是代詞時只放在中間。26.as??as用法：1和?一樣? His room is as big as mine.He runs as fast as I /me.2as?as possible/sb can “盡可能?”

We went there as soon as possible.我們盡可能快地去了那兒。Listen to the teacher as carefully you can.3有些短語有幾個意思：as soon as 和?一樣快；一?就?；as much as和?一樣多；多達；as long as和?一樣長；長達；只要；as well as和?一樣好；和?一樣；as far as遠達；就?來說；

27.prefer用法：prefer sth/doing sth to sth/doing sth比起?更喜歡?

prefer to do sth rather than do sth寧愿?也不愿?

prefer to do sth / prefer doing sth 更喜歡做某事 28.some-, any-, every-用法：1some-“某～，一些～”，用于肯定的陳述句中。I have something to tell you.Maybe somebody has taken it.若用于疑問句中表示期待對方肯定的回答或表示請求或建議.Why not ask somebody to help you? Shall we give him something to eat? What about some milk? Could you please lend me some chairs? 2any-, 在疑問句中仍譯為“某～，一些～”Do you have anything to say？Is anybody in the house？在肯定句和否定句中譯為“任何～”You may put the box anywhere in the room.He is taller than any other student in the class.We don’t have anything to eat this morning.3every-“每～”，強調所有，既包括此也包括彼。Is everybody here？-No，Tom and Lucy have asked for leave.The glass was broken, and the water went everywhere.29.動詞時態和形式：八個時態：一般現在時、現在進行時(am/is/are + v.ing)、一般將來時(will/shall/be going to+動詞原形)、一般過去時、過去進行時(was/were +v.ing)、現在完成時(have/has + v.過去分詞)、過去完成時(had + v.過去分詞)、過去將來時(would + v.原形)六個形式：原形；過去式；過去分詞；第三人稱單數(加s/es)；現在分詞(v.ing)；帶to不定式。

30.if/whether區別：if 如果(引導條件狀從)/ 是否(引導賓從)

whether無論(引導讓步狀從)/ 是否(引導賓從)

都譯為“是否”時，whether可接or not, 也可接帶to不定式。

if 則不可。另外，if可接any-單詞，常不接some-單詞。

If you have any water, please give me some.31.因為：because, 常是對why的回答，語氣最強。

since, 位置：Since?，?.Since it’s already late, I must go now.for, 位置：?，for?.語氣最弱。I drove carefully, for it’s snowing.as有時也指“因為”，用法基本無限制。32.表推測：must, may, might, can, could, can’t

must“一定”，可能性最大，常用于肯定句。

There is the door bell, it must be Tom.may / might“也許”一般用于肯定句，may比might可能性大。

She is coming to us.She might be our new teacher.can / could“可能”could比can語氣更委婉。但can多用于否定。

You could be right, but I don’t think you are.The light in the office is off.The teacher can’t be there now.33.so與such區別：so是副詞，后跟形容詞/副詞，so tall/slowly?

such是形容詞，后跟名詞短語。such bad weather / good news?;

such a beautiful girl / an important lesson / a heavy stone?;

such kind boys / new desks / friendly people / amazing movies?;

若名詞前形容詞是many, much, few, little時，不用such, 而用so.so many flowers / much rain / few friends / little water?

也常有“so / such ?that?”句型，譯為“如此?以致于?”。34.so的另兩個用法：1so + be/情態動詞/助動詞+主語，“?也”

上下文所指不是同一個人或物。The twins are working, so am I.I will stay up tonight, and so will Peter.以及對話形式：A: I woke up late this morning.B: So did I.so + 主語 + be/情態動詞/助動詞，“的確?是”上下文所指是同一個人或物。A: We have lunch at school.B: So you do.又如：A: Bruce can work out the problem.B: So he can.35.neither/nor用法之一：neither/nor+ be/情態動詞/助動詞+主語

“?也不”上文是否定句。She didn’t get well, nor did her brother.或對話形式：A: Jim hasn’t had breakfast.B: Neither have I.36.keep, make, get,have用法：

1keep + sb/sth doing sth “讓?一直做?” I’m sorry for keeping you waiting so long.keep + doing sth “堅持做某事”

2make + sb/sth do sth讓?做某事I’ll try to make you understand what I mean.I feel sorry that I have made him wait for long.3get + sb/sth to do sth.讓?做某事。He got Peter to buy him a pen.4have + 賓語+ 動詞原形 /ing /過去分詞

Have him do it, please.讓他做它吧。We had the machine working.我讓那臺機器一直工作著。We had the machine repaired.我們讓人修理了那臺機器（讓那臺機器被修理了）。

5也都可接形容詞：keep safe/busy, keep the door closed/open, make us happy, get the door closed, have everything ready.37.used短語：used to + 動原，“過去常常”He used to smoke.be used to 譯為“被用來?”，后接動原。It is used to cut things.be used to 譯為“習慣于?”，后接動詞ing或名詞/代詞.如：He’s used to working late./ We are all used to following others.be used for + 目的（名詞或動詞ing）如：

English is used for business./Knives are used for cutting things.38.through/past/across: 都可作介詞，“穿過”前常有位移動詞。

He climbed through the window and saw what he could take away.He went past me without saying any words.He swam across the river.【through,內部;past,旁邊;across,表面。】

位移動詞+ past 相當于動詞pass;位移動詞+across相當于cross.39.the number of / a number of: 前者“?的數量”；后者“許多的”

都跟可數名詞復數。前者作主語，謂語用單數；后者作主語，謂語用復數。The number of the trees is two thousand.用單數is.A number of trees have been cut down.用復數have.40.延續性動詞：How long，since，for，(以上見84）until/till等所在肯定句中的主句謂語要用延續性動詞。

How long may I keep this novel? I’ve lived here since 2002.Let’s wait until he comes back..但否定句中可用短暫性動詞：

I haven’t seen you for a long time.41.all/each/both/none/either/neither:

1All boys/All of the boys are from China.all 接可數復數，謂語也用復數。All of the water is polluted.若接不可數，謂語用單數。

2Each boy/Each of the boys has a different bag.each接名詞單數或接of + 限定詞+復數，后謂語都用單數。

3Both of the twins are clever.后面謂語用復數。

4None of the students has/have been there before.none +of +限定詞+復數, 謂語用單、復數都可。另見88

5-When shall we meet, Saturday or Sunday?

-Either day is OK./ Either of the days is OK.謂語用單數。

6-When shall we meet, Saturday or Sunday?

-Sorry, I have to look after my mother these two days.That is, neither time is OK./ neither of the days is OK.謂語用單數。

all/each/none分別指三者或更多中的“都”/ “每一個”/“沒有一個”。both/either/neither兩者中“都”/“任何一個”/“沒有一個” 42.計量表達法：數量+單位+形容詞。

The building is twenty meters tall./ The street is forty meters wide.The fish is five kilos heavy./ This baby is only six months old.若計量表達的后面跟有名詞，則要用連字符，單位不用復數。

They dug an eight-meter-deep hole./.I bought a 10-kilo-heavy fish.It’s a piece of 2-meter-thick ice./ They built a 50-meter-wide street.It’s a two-month holiday.(此處計量中的形容詞long可省略。)43.Must I / May I / Need I ?? 用法：1Must I ??我必須?嗎？

A: Must I finish the work? B: Yes, you must./ No, you needn’t.2May I ??我可以?嗎？A: May I go out for a walk now?

B: Yes, you can./ No, you mustn’t/can’t.3Need I??我有必要?嗎？

A: Need I clean the house? B: Yes, you must./ No, you needn’t.44.hundred/thousand/million/billion: 前有具體數字，不加s及of.否則加s, 加of.如：thousands of trees;many millions of people.nine hundred people, ten thousand students等。但前若有several,后常不加s和of：several million pounds 45.反意疑問句(QT)部分用法:1something, nothing, anything, everything作主語，QT主語用it.Something is wrong, isn’t it? / Nothing is difficult, is it? 2I think Lucy can do well in the exam, can’t she? I don’t think he will come here on time, will he?

QT要結合think后的從句而定。

3祈使句的QT一般用will you? 而Let’s ?用shall we?

Get up now, will you? Don’t be noisy, will you?

Be quiet, will you? Please don’t talk, will you?

Let us do it now, will you? Let’s do it now, shall we?

4There be句型，QT主語用there.There is a man working in the field, isn’tthere?

There used to be a meeting on Friday, didn’tthere?

There won’t be a movie in the theatre, willthere? 46.put on, wear, dress, in: 1put on,“穿上”后接物。表行為，是短暫動詞。You should put on your coat when you leave.2wear,“穿，穿著”后接物，表狀態，是延續性動詞。He always wears the yellow sweater in winter./I like wearing beautiful clothes.3dress, “給?穿衣”后接人。You can dress yourself, baby.Lucy is dressing her little brother now.be dressed in后常接具有某種特征的衣物。

The lady is dressed in a white skirt / white.可直接加表顏色的詞。

4in, “穿著”后接具有某種特征的衣物，表狀態，是介詞，不可作謂語，可作狀語。The woman in a white skirt is my teacher.Do you know the girl in a red coat? I’ve seen the boy in yellow.47.虛擬語氣部分用法：在非真實條件句中要用虛擬語氣，即if 從句中用一般過去時，而主句動詞用would/should+動詞原形，表示與現在相反的主觀設想，也可以表示在說話人看來實現的可能性很小的情況。（注意：虛擬語氣中的be動詞都要用were.）

If there were no air, people would die.(與現在事實相反)

If I got rich, I would travel around the world.(可能性很小)48.other/others/the other/the others/another:

1如果不特定指出哪一個，是泛指，“另一個”要用another, 后加可數名詞單數。If you are still thirsty, you may have another cup of tea.（沒特定指出哪一杯茶，是泛指。cup是單數。）

another也可+數字+可數復數：The meeting will last another two hours./ We need another six desks.2如果只有兩個或只有兩部分，就給出了范圍，其中另一個或另一部分是特指(other前有the.)，有如下用法：

第一種，所說內容只有兩個：

Mrs.Green has two sons, one is interested in math, the other(one / son)is good at science.【只有兩個，用the other, 不加s, 后面名詞可省略。】 又如：This pair of shoes is strange.One is blue, yet the other is green.這雙鞋子很怪，一只藍色，而另一只綠色。

第二種，只有兩部分：此種情況下the other后接可數名詞復數，或不接名詞而只在the other后加s.Two fifths of the students in our class are boys, the other students are girls / the others are girls.Two children went, but the others stayed.（其他孩子都留下了。）

3如果沒有顯示出只有兩部分，未給出范圍，則是泛指，不加the.Lei Feng liked helping other people / others.Have you any other questions?

Alice didn’t like that dress, so she asked to see some others.4other的另一用法：用比較級的形式，體現最高級的含義。

He is taller than any other boy in his class.(劃線中boy用單數)=

He is taller than all the other boys in his class.(劃線中boy用復數)

他比班里任何男孩都高（他是班里男孩中最高的）。

49.how long/how often/how soon/how far: 1how long 是對長度或時間段提問。How long is the river?-It’s 5,000 kilometers long.How long have you lived there?-For five months./ Since 2002.2how often是對頻率提問，如：never, sometimes, often, usually, always, once a week, twice a day, three times a year, every day等。

How often do you watch TV?-Every two days./ Twice a week.【若只有次數，則用how many times 提問：

How many times do you watch TV a week?-Twice./ only once.】

3how soon 是對“in + 時間段”提問：

How soon will you return to Beijing?-In a week./ In two days.4how far是對時間段’s + walk/ride/drive或計量表達提問。

-How far is it from your home to the school?

-Five minutes’ walk./An hour’s ride./Thirteen minutes’ drive.或者說：It’s about 20 kilometers(far)away.（問和回答不同。）50.分數表達：二分之一: half a/an 或a half.如：

half an hour= a half hour半小時 It’s half past seven.(省略冠詞)

以下情況中，分子(基數詞)若超過一，分母(序數詞)需加s：

三分之一: a /one third 三分之二: two thirds

四分之一: a/one fourth 或a/one quarter

四分之三: three fourths或three quarters.五分之一: a/one fifth 五分之二: two fifths 其它類推。

若分數所在of短語作主語，謂語依of后的名詞而定：

Two fifths of the students are on time.(指名詞復數時，謂用復)Two fifths of the land is polluted.（指不可數時，謂用單）

51.到達：1get to + 地點 get to Shanghai/London/ China

接地點副詞時，不帶to.get there/home/here.2arrive in+大地點(Beijing/Zhengzhou)，arrive at+小地點(school/hospital)，arrive只作不及物動詞。所以也可單獨用：Please ring me up when you arrive.reach只作及物動詞，后直接加地點：reach Beijing/England

但常不說reach home/there/here.52.感嘆句：What + 名詞短語+主語+謂語！

What lazy boys(they are)!What hard work!What good news!

What a good idea!What bad weather(it is)!What a pity!

How +形容詞 / 副詞+ 主語+ 謂語！

How hard the work is!How fast he runs!How rude you are!

How carefully they are listening!How bad the weather is!

53.because/ instead / out等與加of的區別：

1because 后接句子，because of 接名詞或代詞。

He didn’t come because he was ill./ because of his illness.2instead是副詞，單獨在句尾。instead of 還要接名詞或代詞。

We didn’t have rice, we had noodles instead./ instead of it.3out 副詞，可單獨用，但若接地點，先加of.（也可作介詞，“向?外”，可不加of.一般不要求掌握。)

He went out early.或He went out of the house early.54.too much, too many與much too:

much too“過于”，加形容詞或副詞原級。much too big/slowly等。

too much“太多的”，加不可數名詞。too much work/rain等。

too many“太多的”，加可數復數。too many books/people等。55.alone / lonely: 1alone,“獨自一人；單獨”不含感情色彩。

可當形容詞，但只在系動詞后作表語：Jack is alone.杰克是單身。

The old woman is alone in the house.那位老婦一個人在屋里。

可當副詞，修飾動詞：She lives alone.她獨居。

Can you move the stone alone? 你能獨自搬動那塊兒石頭嗎？

Dick is walking on the beach alone.狄克獨自在海灘漫步。

（注意：不可說very alone.但可說very much alone.是特例）

2lonely, “孤獨的；寂寞的”帶有傷感色彩。只當形容詞。

可在系動詞后作表語：The old man is lonely.這位老人是孤獨的。

He has many relatives, but he feels lonely.他有很多親戚，但感到孤獨。（lonely 和心理感受有關，而alone和心理感受無關。）

也可在名詞前作定語：a lonely person一位孤獨的人

a lonely village一個偏僻的村莊（alone不可作定語）56.belong to與be: This suit belongs to me /Lucy /my brother.(人)

This suit is mine /Lucy’s /my brother’s /hers.（某物是某人的）

57.by常見用法：1“通過”I study English by memorizing grammar.You can know it by looking it up in a dictionary.He travels by bike.2“截止到”Will you finish the task by tomorrow?

The train had left by the time he got there.3“被”This novel was written by Lu Xun.4“經過”He passed by me without noticing me.5“在??旁邊”Sit by me.They are playing by the river.58.部分用in的短語：in English, in a good way, in a hurry，in pen / ink(見105), in the day(見92), in different sizes，in different shapes, in a difficult situation，in good health，in a red coat / in red(見46), in style, in the open air(露天場所)59.比較級與最高級部分要點：1不規則形式或易錯形式：

much/many→more→most bad/badly/ill→worse→worst

far→farther/further→farthest/furthest little→less→least

few→fewer→fewest old→older/elder→oldest/eldest

以ly結尾的形容詞常把-ly換成-lier/-liest.2常見比較級/最高級句型：He runs faster than me.(有than)

He did better than any other student in the school.(參照48)

Tom is the cleverest boy in his class.(某個范圍內)

He is the taller of the two(boys).(兩者，此句型中加the)

He is the tallest of the three(boys).(三者)

Which is better, tea or milk?(兩者選擇)

Which is the best, tea, milk or water?(三者選擇)

It’s the second longest river in China.（序數詞后用最高級。）

3“越來越?”比較級+and +比較級

He cried harder and harder.She is getting taller and taller.類似：bigger and bigger / happier and happier / fatter and fatter

/ stronger and stronger / richer and richer / worse and worse?

另一種情況：more and more beautiful / slowly / carefully /?

4“越?, 越?”“the+比較級”分別置于兩句的開頭，倒裝。

The more difficult English is, the harder you should study.The younger we are, the more energy we have.The more you eat, the fatter you will get.5“越來越多的?”more and more +名詞

More and more people are getting richer and richer.We need more and more desks / paper / trees / water ?.6“?得多”much + 形容詞/副詞比較級

This room is much bigger than that one.類似：much taller/fatter/younger/heavier/faster/earlier/better?

以及：much more careful/difficult/tiring/similar/mysterious?

7“另外的?(個)?”結構：數量+ more + 名詞

one more towel, three more suits, many more tiles，much more ttruth, some more meat, a lot more wood，a little more experience, once more = one more time = again.這種結構有時也可用another + 數字 + 名詞替代：

five more trees = another five trees(記住詞的位置)60.talk, tell, say, speak: 1talk只作不及物動詞。

Don’t talk in class.Shall we talk about our English study?

He is talking with his teacher.May I talk to you?

(talk with/to sb talk about sth)

2tell只作及物動詞,“告訴；講”。常接雙賓結構。

Mr.Li told us an interesting story.Who told you the news?

3say必須接有內容。Please say it in English.He said nothing.“I disagree with you.” said Tom.What will you say?

say 若接sb, 則需先加to: I must say sorry to you.“I overslept this morning.” he said to me.4speak“說話”不及物動詞。He spoke too fast for me to follow.接人時先加介詞to.May I speak to Mr.Smith?

可表說話的能力。The baby can speak now.There is something wrong with his throat, he can’t speak.“演講，發言”Who will speak in the meeting? “說”可作及物 動詞。

61。sometimes/some times/sometime/some time:

sometimes: “有時”=at times.He is imes late for school.some times: “幾次”I have been to Nanjing some times.sometime: “某一時刻”I bought it sometime last spring.We’ll meet again sometime next week.some time: “一段時間”We have to stay here for some time.62.need 的用法：1need可當情態動詞（和can等用法類似，但need只用于疑問句或否定句中）：Need I go now?(need 在一般疑問句的開頭)I needn’t tell you the answer.(否定句中直接在need后加not)【當情態動詞時，need無時態變化?！?/p>

2need 可當行為動詞（和want 等用法類似）：

He needs a bike.(后可直接加名詞)

I need to go over my lessons.(后接帶to不定式)

Do you need to have a rest?（一般疑問句中do, does, did在句首）

We don’t need to wait for her coming.(否定句中do,does,did提前)

【注：need 后接表被動的內容時，可表達為：

The TV needs to be repaired.= The TV needs repairing.】 63.do with 與deal with: 都譯為“處理，對付，安排，應付”

What have you done with the milk? 用what提問。

How shall we deal with this problem? 用how提問。

下面兩句由此而來：Could you tell me what to do with the milk? Could you tell me how to deal with this problem? 64.就近原則：常見的有：Either you or Lucyis wrong.There is a dog and two cats in the yard.(there be句型)

Not only you but(also)Iam strict in the work.Neither you nor Lucy has seen the film before.65.主謂一致：One/Neither of you is right.（單數謂語）

Tom, with his friends, has gone.(主語是Tom, 單數謂語)

This pair of shoes looks beautiful.（主語是pair, 單數謂語）

The shoes look beautiful.（主語無pair, 復數謂語）

Every boy and every girl has a chance to do it.（單數謂語）

The old need to be looked after carefully.The young are energetic.(the 加形容詞表一類人，謂語用復數)

Mr.and Mrs Green are from America.指格林夫婦(復數謂語)

The teacher and writer is an able man.指教師兼作家, 一個人，單數謂語。

Both you and I are excited about the news.（復數謂語）

the number of與a number of參見39.（分數表達見50）

66.quite/such/really用法之一：如果出現不定冠詞時，常放在后面。

It’s quite an easy question.He is quite a clever boy.It’s such an important lesson.(另見33)Lily is really a lazy girl.67.部分用what 提問的句型：

What size do you want? What will you do with the problem?

What’s the population of China? What day is it today?

What’s the date today? What’s the price of this one? 68.there be部分用法：1There is only a student taking notes now.There is no need to open the box.There are 20 trees to be planted.2常有以下結構: there may/will/must/is going to/used to/?be.?

3there be中不可再出現have/has/had(有)的詞。另一用法見45。

69.常見表否定的詞或短語:no, not, hardly, few, little, neither, nor, nothing, nobody, none, nowhere等.有些有時在某些句型中也相當于否定，如without, too?to?

without anything, too tired to go any further

但前綴如dis--, un--, in--或后綴如--less,并不表否定。

70.常見后接動詞原形的詞或短語: why not / had better / please /would you please / let / make / 情態動詞，等等。

【注意否定形式：had better/ would you please/ let直接加not + 動原；而please加don’t+動原】

71.常見后接動詞ing的詞或短語：finish /enjoy /practice /give up /

end up /put off /consider /keep /feel like /prefer?to?/can’t help /

be busy /be worth /take turns /miss(錯過)/spend /have fun /介詞等。

72.常見后接帶to不定式的詞或短語：want /hope /wish /allow /encourage /ask /tell /pretend /decide /plan/invite /urge/ advise/warn/ seem /in order(為了)/疑問詞，等等。另外，it作形式主語，后也常有帶to不定式。【否定：以上大多詞 + not + to do sth】 73.被動語態(be +v.過去分詞)用法：I did it.→It was done.雙賓:He told us a story.→We were told a story.→A story was told to us.She passed me a pen.→I was passed a pen.→A pen was passed to me.情態動詞:We can make a plan.→A plan can be made.進行時態:Tom is writing a letter.→A letter is being written by Tom.完成時態：I have finished the work.→The work has been finished.74.名詞或所屬格作定語：1強調性別時a man doctor / two men doctors ； a woman teacher / six women teachers 被修飾詞是單數時，性別也用單數；被修飾詞是復數時，性別也用復數。

2a girl actor / four girl actors a boy player / two boy players

a bus station / some bus stations 復數只變被修飾的詞。

3a boys’ team / a gentlemen’s holiday / the Teachers’ Day /

the Children’s Day “復數 + ’s ”作定語，譯為“?的?”

4Father’s Day / Mother’s Day 此處“單數 + ’s ”作定語。

（附：and連接的名詞所屬格：Lucy’s and Ann’s fathers are workers.分別是兩個人的爸爸，所以應分別加“’s”

Lucy and Ann’s father is very interesting.兩個人共有的爸爸，所以在兩人后只加一個“’s”。）

75.win與beat區別：win后加物：I’m sure Jim will win the match.We won the first place in the sports meeting.而beat后加的是人：I’m afraid they will beat us.I hope we can beat the boys’ team.(男子隊，相當于人。)76.it/that/one的部分用法：1it 指上文的某個事物，和上文是同一個。This book is very useful.I will take good care of it.it也可指上文所說的事：My son has lost himself in the computer games.I’m worried about it.2that與上文所說是同一類，但不是同一個，常指不可數名詞。

The food in China is quite different from that in America.The weather of Hainan is better than that of Gansu.that也可指上文所說的事：A: I had an accident and broke my legs.B: I’m sorry to hear that.3one 指代上文所說的某類可數名詞單數，但不是同一個物。This sweater is too expensive, do you have another one?(也指毛衣，但不是上文那個)77.at/by the end of, in the end 的區別：

1at the end of +時間點或地點，“在?的盡頭，在?的末尾”

They will have a sports meeting at the end of March.(加時間)

He put some books at the end of the bed.(加地點)

2by the end of +時間點，“截止到?末”

若接過去的時間點，常用過去完成時：They had planted six thousand trees by the end of last month.若接將來的時間，常用一般將來時：We shall finish the work by the end of next month.3in the end “最后”，后不加of 短語：They wanted to find a place to rest in, in the end, they saw a village.78.have gone to/have been to/have been in: 1have gone to+地點“已去了?（還未回來）”-I can’t find those children, where are they?

-They have gone to the farm.(去了農場，不在這兒)

2have been to+地點“去過?（原來去過，現在已回）”句尾常接次數或多個地點或before，或句中常有ever, never等。

She has been to Qingdao three times.I have been to two big cities.Have you been to Dalian before? I have never/ever been to Dalian.I have never been there before.(此短語省略了to)

3have been in+地點，“已在?（多久了）”句尾常接for+時間段，或since +時間點/一般過去時的句子。

Peter has been in China for a long time.I’ve been here for 2 hours/since 2 hours ago.(此短語省略了in)79.all/whole用法：all(of)the land / all(of)the class / all(of)the students?【all 在定冠詞the 前】 the whole school / the whole country / the whole area?【whole 在定冠詞the 后】 80.a bit / a little區別：都可作副詞，后直接加形容詞和副詞。

I’m a bit / a little hungry.She feels a bit / a little tired.也可作代詞或形容詞，后接名詞時有所不同：

I have only a little drink.She ate a little bread and went out.(a little 直接加名詞)而下文：I have only a bit of drink.She ate a bit of bread and went out.(a bit 先加of再加名詞)81.“擅長”與“不擅長”;“對?有利”與“對?有害”：

“擅長”：be good at / do well in

“不擅長”：be bad in / be poor in / be weak in / do badly in

“對?有利”：be good for “對?有害”：be bad for 82.表數量的詞和短語的部分用法：1none / all / some / most / plenty of / a lot of(lots of)后既可接可數名詞復數，也可接不可數名詞。2many /(a)few / a number of / several只接可數名詞復數。3much /(a)little / a bit of只接不可數名詞。

83.易用錯的副詞：1really可修飾動詞、副詞和形容詞，常在它們前面。I really love reading.I really miss you.(修飾動詞)

Tom speaks really quickly.湯姆說得非常快。（修飾副詞）

It’s really kind of you.你真好。(修飾形容詞)

2very much常修飾動詞want, miss, hate, love, like, dislike, enjoy, take after(長得像?), move(使?感動), excite(使?激動)等等。常在句尾。Jack wants to go there very much.杰克很想去那兒。

I hate reciting the words very much.我很討厭背單詞。

He enjoyed the film very much.他很喜歡這部電影。

He takes after his mother very much.他長得很像他媽媽。

(very much 不可修飾形容詞和副詞：I’m happy very much.He is lucky very much.都是錯誤的。)

3very修飾形容詞和副詞，放在它們前面：

She is very kind.I am very happy.Peter speaks very slowly.(very不可修飾動詞：I very like English.He very misses you.等類似結構都是錯誤的。)84.常用于現在完成時的詞或短語：for（后加時間段，句中謂語用延續性動詞）；since（后加時間點或一般過去時的句子，主句謂語用延續性動詞）；How long（對時間段或for與since引導的內容提問，句中謂語也用延續性動詞）in/all one’s life（在某人一生）；in/during the past/last+時間段(在最近的?時間內)；so far（到目前為止）；yet（用于句尾，用在疑問句或否定句中）；already(用于句中或句尾，用在肯定的陳述句中)；ever；never；just；before(單獨用在句子末尾，常用此時態。但若時間段加before, 常用過去完成時)以及recently等.85.形容詞與副詞區別：1形容詞修飾名詞，作定語（劃線部分）：

She is a kind girl.What bad weather!I bought a new bike.形容詞可在系動詞后，作表語(劃線部分)：

The girl is kind.His face turned red.It tastes sweet.2副詞(劃線部分)修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞，也可修飾整個句子。

He ran quickly.Please speak loudly.Tim lives alone.修飾動詞

She is very angry.He felt too tired.I’m so lucky.修飾形容詞

He got up quite early.She did it very well.修飾副詞

Unluckily, I failed the English exam.修飾整個句子 86.everyday與every day: everyday是形容詞，后接名詞，“日常的”。He is practicing everyday English.every day是副詞，作時間狀語，“每天”。We speak English every day.87.everyone與every one: 1everyone“每個人；大家；所有人”，只指人。后不接of短語。Everyone is here except Tom.2every one“每一個”既可指人，也可指物。后要接of短語。Every one of us has a dictionary.Every one of the trees is tall.88.none與no one: 1no one“沒有一人”只指人,后不接of短語。

No one has been to Beihai Park.No one told us about it.(以上因后面無of短語，故不用none)

2none“沒有人；沒有任何東西”既可指人，也可指物；既可指可數名詞，也可指不可數名詞。后常接of短語。

None of the children has/have been to Beihai Park.（此處指人。因后有of短語，故不用no one）

A: How many elephants did you see there? B: None.（對話中none單獨用，指物，不用no one.）

89.乘交通工具之表達:1by bike/ car/ sea(ship)/ air(plane)(無冠詞)

2on a horseback /his bike /the plane /a ship(有冠詞或限定詞)

3in his/a car(car前用in)4on foot 5動詞短語: ride a bike /a horse;drive a car;walk;take a plane/ taxi/ bus;fly 90.kind of 與kinds of:

1kind of 單獨用，表示“有點”，后接形容詞或副詞：

He is kind of thin.”他有點瘦” I feel kind of hungry.”我有點餓”

Uncle Wang speaks kind of quickly.王叔叔說得有點快。

2若kind of前有a, this, that等，譯為“一種，這種，那種” 后加名詞。

That kind of question is difficult to answer.那類問題難回答。

3熟記一些短語：all kinds of...“各種各樣的...”many kinds of“很多種類的”different kinds of“不同種類的” 后加名詞。動詞，后接語言。Do you speak English? 91.rain / snow / wind的常見修飾詞：a strong wind“一陣強風”

a heavy rain“一場大雨”heavy snow“大雪”（以上是名詞短語）

blow hard“猛烈地吹”snow heavily“下大雪”rain hard/heavily“下大雨”（以上是動詞短語）

92.day的部分用法：1on Teachers’ Day表節日或周幾前用“on”.2in the day / daytime“在白天”前加“in”。3in eight days“八天后”用“in”。4(in)those / these days“在過去 / 現在”

5today, next/last/this/that/every/all day等前面常不加介詞。

同樣，on Sunday/Monday/.../Saturday介詞用的是on（有時可省略）, 若有next/last/this/that/every等時不再加on.93.個別名詞的部分用法：1family“家庭；家庭成員”指整體時，表示單數，謂語動詞用單數形式；指成員時，表示復數，謂語用復數形式：His family is going to move.My family is large.（以上指整體，謂語用單數）

My familyare very well.我全家人很健康。（指成員，謂語用復數）一般不再區分謂語的單復數形式。類似的還有：staff(職員)，class, team, public(公眾)，government等.2有些名詞只表復數，謂語只用復數。如people, police, cattle等：The police are searching for a man with a big nose.The cattle are eating grass in the field.3deer, fish，sheep等詞的單數和復數形式相同：

a deer(一只鹿)/ two deer(兩只鹿)a fish(一條魚)/ two fish(兩條魚)

a sheep(一只羊)/ some sheep(一些羊)

另外fish若表示種類時，復數要在后加es: two fishes(兩種魚)

4有些名詞單數變復數有特殊形式：

man→men;woman→women;foot→feet;tooth→teeth;

mouse→mice;child→children;ox→oxen(公牛)

5有些名詞通常只有復數形式：

scissors(剪刀)clothes(衣服)trousers(褲子)glasses(眼鏡)

6有些名詞只是不可數名詞： It’s such great fun.What fun!

What good news!I won’t do anything in such bad weather.Can you tell me some information? I like music which is popular.類似：a piece of chalk much knowledge learn a little English等

94.leave的用法：1leave可指“離開”leave Zhengzhou離開鄭州

leave Zhengzhou for Wuhan離開鄭州到武漢

leave for Wuhan動身到武漢(for后接目的地，而不是出發地)

2leave留下；忘記 I left my backpack at home.leave后接地點，而forget后無地點。Sorry, I forgot the money.95.ill與sick的區別：1都可譯為“生病的”。ill只在系動詞后作表語： Her mother was ill in bed.但sick既可作表語（在美語中），也可作定語：Her mother was sick in bed.Jane is taking care of her sick mother.(此處是定語，不可用ill, 見下文ill用法)

2若ill作定語，譯為“壞的，惡劣的”an ill person一個壞人

sick作表語時也常譯為“惡心的，想吐的“

The boy always feels sick when he travels by car.96.return用法：1“返回”，相當于“go back / get back / come back..如：Ann will visit you when he returns to London.（當“返回”時是不及物動詞，先加to才可再加地點。另外，return已含有back的意思，后不可再跟back.）

2“歸還”，相當于“give back”如：I have returned the dictionary.（當“歸還”時是及物動詞，后直接加物，若再接人時方可加to.同樣不可再跟back.如：You should return the piano to Dick on time.）

97.favourite 與own的類似結構: 形容詞性物主代詞 + favorite +名詞（某人最喜歡的...）或者 + own + 名詞(某人自己的...)

如：My favorite animal is dog.He found hisown bike.98.stop / start(begin)/ forget(remember)/ like/go on等動詞：

1stop doing sth.停止正在做的某事。stop to do sth.停下來做某事（stop后是將要做的事）He was tired, so he stopped working.He was tired, so he stopped to have a rest.要注意有時兩種形式會同時出現：He was tired, so he stopped working to have a rest.2start/begin doing/to do 含義基本相同，但以下情況下start/begin后只接to do: ★若start / begin 已用進行時態時：He is just beginning / starting to write the letter.★主語是物而不是人時：The ice began / started to melt.★其后的動詞與想法、感情有關時：He began / started to understand it.3forget/remember to do sth.忘記/想起將要做的事。

forget / remember doing sth.忘記/想起已經做過的事。

4like doing sth.(因愛好而喜歡，表示一種習慣)

Jack likes sleeping in the class.(在班睡覺雖不是好事，杰克卻有這個愛好。有睡覺的習慣。)

like to do sth(認為明智或正確而喜歡)

She likes to help others.（助人是一件正確的事，所以喜歡。）

I don’t like to play in the street.(在大街上玩不明智，故不喜歡)

有時區別不明顯，接兩形式都可。He likes watching / to watch TV.5go on doing sth.繼續做某事（上文所做的事）go on to do sth接下來做另一件事（不是上文所做之事）

99.普通代詞形式：

主格 賓格形容詞性物主代詞名詞性物主代詞反身代詞

(作主語)(作賓語)(后要再接名詞)(后不再接名詞)(主賓一致)

I me my pen/house...mine myself

you(你)you your bag/car...yours yourself

he him his desk/coat...his himself

she her her hair/books...hers herself

it it its tail/face...its itself

we us our teacher/room...ours ourselves

you(你們)you your class/hometown...yours yourselves

they them their school/fathers...theirs themselves 100.基數詞和序數詞：基數詞表示人或物的數量。序數詞表示人或物的次序。注意以下幾種形式：one→first two→second

three→third five→fifth eight→eighth nine→ninth twelve→twelfth twenty→twentieth thirty等類推

另外，“四十”forty;無字母u.“第九”ninth無字母e.101.room /space /place: 1room“房間”（可數）a room/ two rooms

“空間”（不可數）：指可以容納東西或為其它目的而使用的空間。

Could you make room for me? 你能為我讓一下空間嗎？

Is there room for me in the car? 車里有我的位子嗎？

2space“空間”普通用語，表示萬物存在之處，與“時間”（time）為相對概念。in the dark space在黑暗的宇宙空間（太空）

time and space時間和空間

Is there any space for me in the car?(此處和room的含義相當)

3place“地方”（可數），指某一具體地點。

I want to live in a place which is warm in winter.Mount Chaya is a wonderful place.嵖岈山是一個奇妙之地。102.常見國籍、人與語言的對應：

1China“中國”Chinese（無復數形式）“中國人（的）/中文（的）/中國的” a Chinese/ two Chinese“一個/兩個中國人”

Japan, Japanese 和此類似。

2England“英國（原義：英格蘭）”(= Britain)

English（無復數形式）“英國人（的）/英語（的）/英國的”

He is English.(前無冠詞)= He is an Englishman.(前有冠詞)“他是英國人”

注意復數：They are English.= They are Englishmen.(變為men)

3France“法國” French(無復數形式)“法國人(的)/ 法語(的)/ 法國的”

The lady is French.(前無冠詞)= The lady is a Frenchwoman.(前有冠詞)

注意復數：The ladies are French.= The ladies are Frenchwomen.4Germany“德國”German“德國人(的)/ 德語(的)/ 德國的”

The boy is a German.(前有冠詞)The boys are Germans.(復數加s.）

5America“美國” American“美國人（的）/ 美國的”

He is American.(前常無冠詞）They are Americans.(復數加s)103.易寫錯詞形:◆noise(名詞)“噪音”;noisy(形容詞);noisily(副詞)◆health(名詞)“健康”;healthy(形容詞);healthily(副詞)

◆luck(名詞)“運氣”;lucky(形容詞)“幸運的”;luckily(副詞)

◆succeed(動詞)“成功”;success(名詞);successful(形容詞)successfully(副詞)◆save(動詞)“救，節省，存”;safe(形容詞)“安全的”;safety(名詞)“安全，安全場所”safely（副詞）◆true（形容詞）“真的，對的”;truly(副詞“)真正地”;truth(名詞“)真理,事實”◆terrible(形容詞)“難受的，可怕的”;terribly(副詞)104.job與work:1job, 可數：I have a job as a teacher.Jobs are not easy to get.He wants a job.2work, 不可數

I cannot find work in this town.Have you finished your work? 105.with和in表示“用”：1with用工具：write with a pen /a pencil/

a piece of chalk 2in用寫字材料：write in ink / pen(前無冠詞)106.時刻之表達：1分鐘未過半點，如7:20→seven twenty→twenty

past seven: 2:02→two oh two→two past two 2分鐘已過半點，如5:45→five forty-five→a quarter to six→fifteen to six 1:58→one fifty-eight→two to two 3剛好半點，如9:30→nine thirty→half past nine 4剛好整點，如11:00→eleven o’clock 107.be + 形 + of sb 與 for sb的區別：1It’s kind of you to help me.解釋：kind, nice, good, clever, foolish，lazy等詞表示的是人的特點或性格。此句相當于在說You are kind to help me.此情況下介詞用的是of.2It’s easy for you to do the work.解釋：easy，difficult, necessary, important, dangerous, interesting等詞如果在句中不反映人的特點或性格，如此句中并不是在說You are easy.而是“做

這項工作”這件事是容易的。此情況下介詞用的是for.又如：It’s dangerous for us to climb the mountain.“爬山”是危險的，不是說“我們”是“危險”的。for sb 是“就某人來說”之意。

108.take, bring, fetch與carry: 都譯為“拿”?！魌ake“拿走”，從說話人處帶到另一處 ◆bring“帶來”，從另一處帶到說話人處?！鬴etch“去拿來”，先到另一地拿東西，然后再返回到說話人處。◆carry“拿、搬、扛”，沒有特定方向性。

109.條件與祈使: 有時條件句可以與祈使句有相同的意思。注意以下句子結構有何不同。

If you work hard, you will achieve your dream.相當于: Work hard, and you will achieve?

If you don’t listen to me carefully, you won’t understand it.相當于：Listen to me carefully, or you won’t understand it.110.in / on / at + 時間：1in three days(“?時間后”，常用于一般將來時)in September

in 1998;in the 1860s(在十九世紀六十年代)

in the morning/ afternoon/ evening/ night

2on Christmas Eve;on October 1st;

on Sunday evenings;on a cold morning;

on Fridays;on New Year’s Day;

on the morning / afternoon / evening / night of September 10th.(morning / afternoon / evening / night若是early / late 修飾時，仍用介詞in)

3at 6:00;at Christmas;at noon;at night 112.one day與someday/some day的區別：

1one day“某一天，有一天”既可用于一般過去時，也可用于一般將來時。One day, a stranger came to my house.I will achieve my dream one day.2someday/some day“某一天”常用于一般將來時。可以和one day互換。I’m sure I can go to the Great Wall someday.113.missing與lost: 都可譯為“丟失的，失蹤的”

但用的分別是動詞的現在分詞和過去分詞形式。My pen is lost / missing.(表語)

I’ve found the missing / lost book.（定語）114.常見部分名詞及其修飾詞：1price(價格)常用high 與low修飾。sell sth at a high / low price 以高 / 低價出售 The price of the shoes is high / low.2number(數量)常用big / large和small修飾 3quality(質量，品質)常用low / poor和high / good修飾。4population(人口)常 big / large和small修飾(以上詞都不用many, much修飾。)

第五篇：初中英語語法總結

初中英語語法總結

(動詞的時態)

11.1 一般現在時的用法

1）經常性或習慣性的動作，常與表示頻度的時間狀語連用。時間狀語： every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday。例如：

I leave home for school at 7 every morning.每天早上我七點離開家。

2）客觀真理，客觀存在，科學事實。例如：

The earth moves around the sun.地球繞太陽轉動。

Shanghai lies in the east of China.上海位于中國東部。

3）表示格言或警句。例如：

Pride goes before a fall.驕者必敗。

注意：此用法如果出現在賓語從句中，即使主句是過去時，從句謂語也要用一般現在時。

例：Columbus proved that the earth is round.哥倫布證實了地球是圓的。

4）現在時刻的狀態、能力、性格、個性。例如：

I don't want so much.我不要那么多。

Ann writes good English but does not speak well.安英語寫得不錯，講的可不行。

比較：Now I put the sugar in the cup.把糖放入杯子。

I am doing my homework now.我正在做功課。

第一句用一般現在時，用于操作演示或指導說明的示范性動作，表示言行的瞬間動作。第二句中的now是進行時的標志，表示正在進行的動作的客觀狀況，所以后句用一般現在時。

11.2 一般過去時的用法

1）在確定的過去時間里所發生的動作或存在的狀態。例如：時間狀語有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。例如：

Where did you go just now? 剛才你上哪兒去了？

2）表示在過去一段時間內，經常性或習慣性的動作。例如：

When I was a child, I often played football in the street.我是個孩子的時候，常在馬路上踢足球。

Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.那時，布朗一家無論什么時候去，都受到熱烈歡迎。

3）句型：It is time for sb.to do sth “到……時間了” “該……了”。例如：It is

time for you to go to bed.你該睡覺了。

It is time that sb.did sth.“時間已遲了” “早該……了”，例如It is time you

went to bed.你早該睡覺了。

would（had）rather sb.did sth.表示'寧愿某人做某事'。例如：I'd rather you

came tomorrow.還是明天來吧。

4）wish, wonder, think, hope 等用過去時，作試探性的詢問、請求、建議等，而一般過去時表示的動作或狀態都已成為過去，現已不復存在

。例如：I thought you might have some.我以為你想要一些。

比較：Christine was an invalid all her life.（含義：她已不在人間。）

Christine has been an invalid all her life.（含義：她現在還活著）

Mrs.Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.（含義：達比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。）

Mrs.Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.（含義：現在還住在肯塔基州，有可能指剛離去）

注意： 用過去時表示現在，表示委婉語氣。

1）動詞want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。例如：

Did you want anything else? 您還要些什么嗎？

I wondered if you could help me.能不能幫我一下。

2）情態動詞 could, would。例如：

Could you lend me your bike? 你的自行車，能借用一些嗎？

11.3 used to / be used to

used to + do：“過去常?！北硎具^去習慣性的動作或狀態，但如今已不存在。例如：

Mother used not to be so forgetful.老媽過去沒那么健忘。

Scarf used to take a walk.斯卡夫過去常常散步。

be used to + doing：對……已感到習慣，或“習慣于”，to是介詞，后需加名詞或動名詞。例如：

He is used to a vegetarian diet.Scarf is used to taking a walk.斯卡夫現在已習慣于散步了。

典型例題

----Your phone number again? I ___ quite catch it.----It's 69568442.A.didn't B.couldn't C.don't D.can't

答案A.本句雖沒有明確的時間狀語，但從語意上看出，在聽的時候沒有聽懂這個動作發生在過去，因此應用過去時。

11.4 一般將來時

1）shall用于第一人稱，常被will 所代替。will 在陳述句中用于各人稱，在征求意見時常用于第二人稱。例如：

Which paragraph shall I read first？ 我先讀哪一段呢？

Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七點回家好嗎？

2）be going to +不定式，表示將來。

a.主語的意圖，即將做某事。例如：What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢？

b.計劃，安排要發生的事。例如：The play is going to be produced next month。這出戲下月開播。

c.有跡象要發生的事。例如：Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a

storm.看那烏云，快要下雨了。

3）be +不定式表將來，按計劃或正式安排將發生的事。例如：

We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我們下星期六討論這份報告。

4）be about to +不定式，意為馬上做某事。例如：

He is about to leave for Beijing.他馬上要去北京。

注意：be about to do 不能與tomorrow, next week 等表示明確將來時的時間狀語連用。

11.5 be going to / will 用于條件句時，be going to表將來,will表意愿。例如：

If you are going to make a journey, you'd better get ready for it as soon as possible.Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.11.6 be to和be going to

be to 表示客觀安排或受人指示而做某事，be going to 表示主觀的打算或計劃。例如：

I am to play football tomorrow afternoon.明天下午我去踢球。（客觀安排）

I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon.明天下午我想去踢球。（主觀安排）

11.7 一般現在時表將來

1）下列動詞come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般現在時可以表示將來，主要用來表示在時間上已確定或安排好的事情。例如：

The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.火車明天上午六點開。

When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes.汽車什么時候開？十分鐘后。

2）以here, there等開始的倒裝句，表示動作正在進行。例如：

Here comes the bus.= The bus is coming.車來了。

There goes the bell.= The bell is ringing.鈴響了。

3）在時間或條件句中。例如：

When Bill comes（不是will come）, ask him to wait for me.比爾來后，讓他等我。

I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there.我到了那里，就寫信給你。

4）在動詞hope, take care that, make sure that等的賓語從句中。例如：

I hope they have a nice time next week.我希望他們下星期玩得開心。

Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room.離開房間前，務必把窗戶關了。

11.8 用現在進行時表示將來

下列動詞come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等現在進行時可以表示將來。例如：

I'm leaving tomorrow.明天我要走了。

Are you staying here till next week? 你會在這兒呆到下周嗎？

11.9 現在完成時

現在完成時用來表示之前已發生或完成的動作或狀態，其結果的影響現在還存在；也可表示持續到現在的動作或狀態。其構成：have（has）+過去分詞。

11.10 比較一般過去時與現在完成時

1）一般過去時表示過去某時發生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情，強調動作；現在完成時為過去發生的，強調過去的事情對現在的影響，強調的是影響。

2）一般過去時常與具體的時間狀語連用，而現在完成時通常與模糊的時間狀語連用，或無時間狀語。

一般過去時的時間狀語：yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just

now等，皆為具體的時間狀語。

現在完成時的時間狀語：for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always等，皆不確定的時間狀語。

共同的時間狀語：this morning, tonight, this April, now, already, recently, lately 等。

3）現在完成時可表示持續到現在的動作或狀態，動詞一般是延續性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.。

一般過去時常用的非持續性動詞有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。例如：

I saw this film yesterday.（強調看的動作發生過了）

I have seen this film.（強調對現在的影響，電影的內容已經知道了）

Why did you get up so early?（強調起床的動作已發生過了）

Who hasn't handed in his paper?（強調有卷子未交，疑為不公平競爭）

He has been in the League for three years.（在團內的狀態可延續）

He has been a League member for three years.（是團員的狀態可持續）

句子中如有過去時的時間副詞（如yesterday, last, week, in 1960）時，不能使用現在完成時，要用過去時。

（錯）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.（對）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.11.11 用于現在完成時的句型

1）It is the first / second time....that…結構中的從句部分，用現在完成時。例如：

It is the first time that I have visited the city.這是我第一次訪問這城市。

This is the first time（that）I've heard him sing.這是我第一次聽他唱歌。

注意：It was the third time that the boy had been late.2）This is +形容詞最高級+that…結構，that 從句要用現在完成時。例如：

This is the best film that I've（ever）seen.這是我看過的最好的電影。

典型例題

（1）---Do you know our town at all?---No, this is the first time I ___ here.A.was B.have been C.came D.am coming

答案B.This is the first time 后面所加從句應為現在完成時，故選B。

（2）---Have you ____ been to our town before?---No, it's the first time I ___ here.A.even, come B.even, have come C.ever, come D.ever, have come

答案D.ever意為曾經或無論何時，反意詞為never，此兩詞常用于完成時。

注意：非延續性動詞的否定形式可以與表示延續時間的狀語連用。即動作不發生的狀態是可以持續的。

（錯）I have received his letter for a month.（對）I haven't received his letter for almost a month.11.12 比較since和for

Since 用來說明動作起始時間，for用來說明動作延續時間長度。例如：

I have lived here for more than twenty years.我住在這兒二十多年了。

I have lived here since I was born.我從出生起就住在這兒了。

注意：并非有for 作為時間狀語的句子都用現在完成時。

I worked here for more than twenty years.（我現在已不在這里工作。）

I have worked here for many years.（現在我仍在這里工作。）

注意：用句型轉換的方法，很容易排除非延續動詞在有for/since結構的完成時中的誤用。

1）（對）Tom has studied Russian for three years.= Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.2）（錯）Harry has got married for six years.= Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now.顯然，第二句不對，它應改為 Harry got married six years ago.或 Harry has been married for six years.11.13 since的四種用法

1）since +過去一個時間點（如具體的年、月、日期、鐘點、1980, last month, half past six）。例如：

I have been here since 1989.1989起，我一直在這兒。

2）since +一段時間+ ago。例如：

I have been here since five months ago.我在這兒，已經有五個月了。

3）since +從句。例如：

Great changes have taken place since you left.你走后，變化可大了。

Great changes have taken place since we were here.我們走后，變化可大了。

4）It is +一段時間+ since從句。例如：

It is two years since I became a postgraduate student.我考上研究生有兩年了。

11.14 延續動詞與瞬間動詞

1）用于完成時的區別

延續動詞表示經驗、經歷； 瞬間動詞表示行為的結果，不能與表示段的時間狀語連用。例如：

He has completed the work.他已完成了那項工作。（表結果）

I've known him since then.我從那時起就認識他了。（表經歷）

2）用于till / until從句的差異

延續動詞用于肯定句，表示“做……直到……” 瞬間動詞用于否定句，表示“到……，才……”。例如：

He didn't come back until ten o'clock.他到10 點才回來。

He slept until ten o'clock.他一直睡到10點。

典型例題

1.You don't need to describe her.I ___ her several times.A.had met B.have met C.met D.meet

答案B.首先本題后句強調對現在的影響，我知道她的模樣，你不用描述。再次，several

times告知為反復發生的動作，因此用現在完成時。

2.---I'm sorry to keep you waiting.---Oh, not at all.I ___here only a few minutes.A.have been B.had been C.was D.will be

答案A.等待的動作由過去開始，持續到現在，應用現在完成時。

11.15 過去完成時

1）概念：表示過去的過去

----|----------|--------|----> 其構成是had +過去分詞構成。那時以前 那時 現在2）用法

a.在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動詞后的賓語從句。例如：

She said（that）she had never been to Paris.她告訴我她曾去過巴黎。

b.狀語從句

在過去不同時間發生的兩個動作中，發生在先，用過去完成時；發生在后，用一般過去時。例如：

When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.警察到達時，小偷們早就跑了。

c.表示意向的動詞，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用過去完成時表示“原本…，未能…”。例如：

We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.那時我們希望你能來，但是你沒有來。

3）過去完成時的時間狀語before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。例如：

He said that he had learned some English before.他說過他以前學過一些英語。

By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.到了十二歲那年，愛迪生開始自己謀生。

Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.湯姆失望了，因為他到達晚會時，大部分客人已經走了。

典型例題

The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.A.had written, left B，were writing, has left C.had written, had left D.were writing, had left

答案D.“把書忘在辦公室”發生在“去取書”這一過去的動作之前，因此“忘了書”這一動作發生在過去的過去，用過去完成時。句中when表示的是時間的一點，表示在“同學們正忙于……”這一背景下，when所引導的動作發生。因此前一句應用過去進行時。

注意： had hardly… when 還沒等…… 就……。例如：

I had hardly opened the door when I he hit me.我剛打開門，他就打了我。

had no sooner…than 剛…… 就……。例如：

He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.他剛買了這輛車，轉眼又賣了。

11.16 用一般過去時代替過去完成時

1）兩個動作如按順序發生，又不強調先后，或用then，and，but 等連詞時，多用一般過去時。例如：

When she saw the mouse，she screamed.她看到老鼠，就叫了起來。

My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it.姑媽給了我一頂帽子，我把它丟了。）兩個動作相繼發生，可用一般過去時；如第一個動作需要若干時間完成，用過去完成時。例如：

When I heard the news, I was very excited.3）敘述歷史事實，可不用過去完成時，而只用一般過去時。例如：

Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.11.17 將來完成時

1）構成will have done

2）概念

a.狀態完成：表示某事繼續到將來某一時為止一直有的狀態。例如：

They will have been married for 20 years by then.到那時他們結婚將有二十年了。

b.動作完成：表示將來某一時或另一個將來的動作之前，已經完成的動作或獲得的經驗。例如：

You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow.明天此時，你已經到達上海了。

11.18 現在進行時

現在進行時的基本用法：

a.表示現在（指說話人說話時）正在發生的事情。例如： We are waiting for you.我們正在等你。

b.習慣進行：表示長期的或重復性的動作，說話時動作未必正在進行。例如：

Mr.Green is writing another novel.他在寫另一部小說。（說話時并未在寫，只處于寫作的狀態。）

c.表示漸變，這樣的動詞有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。例如：

The leaves are turning red.葉子在變紅。

It's getting warmer and warmer.天越來越熱了。

d.與always, constantly, forever 等詞連用，表示反復發生的動作或持續存在的狀態，往往帶有說話人的主觀色彩。例如：

You are always changing your mind.你老是改變主意。

典型例題

My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.A.has lost, don't find B.is missing, don't find C.has lost, haven't found D.is missing, haven't found.答案D.前句是一個仍在持續的狀態，應用進行時，由于沒有找到，其影響仍然存在，應用完成時，瞬間動詞用于否定式時可用于完成時。

11.19 不用進行時的動詞

1）表示事實狀態的動詞，如have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include，contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue等。例如：I have two brothers.我有兩兄弟。

This house belongs to my sister.這房子是我姐的。

2）表示心理狀態的動詞，如know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate等。例如：I need your help.我需要你的幫助。

He loves her very much.他愛她很深。

3）瞬間動詞，如accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse等。例如：

I accept your advice.我接受你的勸告。

4）系動詞，如seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn等。例如：

You seem a little tired.你看上去有點累。

11.20 過去進行時

1）概念：表示過去某時正在進行的狀態或動作。

2）過去進行時的主要用法是描述一件事發生的背景；一個長動作延續的時候，另一個短動作發生。

3）常用的時間狀語有this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while等。例如：

My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.我兄弟騎車時摔了下來，受了傷。

It was raining when they left the station.他們離開車站時，正下著雨。

When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.我到達山頂時，陽光燦爛。

典型例題

1）Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.A.made B.is making C.was making D.makes

答案C.割傷手指是已發生的事情，應用過去時。同時，when表時間的同時性，“瑪麗在做衣服時”提供事情發生的背景，因此用過去進行時。

2）As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.A.read；was falling B.was reading； fell C.was reading； was falling D.read；fell

答案B.句中的as = when, while，意為“當……之時”。描述一件事發生的背景時，用過去進行；一個長動作發生的時候，另一個短動作發生。句意為 “在她看報紙時，奶奶睡著了?！本渲械?fell（fall的過去時），是系動詞，后跟形容詞，如：fall sick。