第一篇：初中英語語法總結(從句)

初中英語語法總結（從句）

從句分為定語從句，狀語從句和名詞從句三大類。定語從句又分為限定性和非限定性從句兩種，由關系代詞或關系副詞引導，修飾主句的某個成分。狀語從句分為時間、結果、讓步、原因、條件及行為方式狀語從句。名詞從句包括主語、賓語、表語和同位語從句及there be句型。

1．定語從句

限定性定語從句中that可代表人和事，而which只代表事；二者在從句中作主語或賓語。that作賓語時?？墒÷裕瑆hich則不能，而且其后的“不及物動詞+介詞’’中的介詞不能省略。which作賓語時，先行詞與which之間的介詞不能省。例如：

1.The first doll that could say“mama”was invented in 1830．

2.The second half of his voyage was by far the more dangerous part，during which he sailed round the Cape Horn．

代表a11，anything，something，nothing，much等詞時，用that而不用which，that作賓語可省略。例如：

1.I care anything that has something to do with it．

2.You'd better do something he prefers to do to please him．

3.That is the last time we met each other．

4.I came across the woman you told me about yesterday．

who和whom引導的從句用來修飾人，分別作從句的主語和賓語。where是關系副詞，用于表示地點的定語從句，而when用來表示時間。whose是關系代詞，修飾名詞作定語。例如:

1.Henry Ford is the person who is most responsible for developing the idea of mass production．

2.The knee is the joint where the thigh bone meets the large bone of the lower leg．

3.The next morning，when she came down to breakfast，Mary was beaming with the pleasure of a new，great discovery．

4.The visiting professor is a famous scientist whose son studies in my department．

在下列情況，限定性定語從句的關系代詞可以省略：1)當關系代詞在從句中作賓語或表語；或它們在從句中作介詞的賓語，而該介詞又在句末時；2)當先行詞是that，all，only，everything，something，nothing等代詞時，或先行詞前有一個最高級形容詞修飾時；3)當先行詞前有only，any，all，first，no，last等修飾時，或先行詞就是time，moment，way(anyway)，direction，distance等名詞時，關系代詞即可省略。例如：

1.The delegation we had been waiting for finally arrived．

2.I met the woman you told me about．

3.She gave me all she could afford．

4.With TV we can see things happen almost at the exact moment they are happening．

非限定性定語從句，其作用為：對所修飾的成分作進一步的說明，它與主句用逗號隔開。此類從句省略后其余部分仍可成立。在非限定性定語從句中，which可代表前面的整個句子；代表人時只能用who，whom，而不能用that；as也可用作關系代詞。例如:

1.The telephone，as we know，was the invention of Alexander Graham Bell．

2.The Little White House in Warm Springs was the Georgia home President 3.Franklin

D．Roosevelt，who died there on April 12，1945．

4.Living in a damp house for a long time is harmful to one’s health，which is known to everyone．

2．狀語從句

狀語從句可分為：時間狀語從句(主要由when，whenever，after，before，a5，slnce，once，assoonas初中英語語法總結，Until，while等連詞引導)，結果狀語從句(由so…that和such…that連接)，讓步狀語從句(由though，although，no matter，even if初中英語語法總結，however初中英語語法總結，whatever等詞引導)，原因狀語從句(由as，because，since和for引導)，條件狀語從句(由if，whether，as long as，provided that等詞引導)，地點狀語從句(由where引導)，行為方式狀語從句(由as引導)。有時條件狀語從句中，主句不可以用將來時，而用一般時代替。例如：

1.The small greenish flowers of the elm tree appear in the Spring，long before the leaves grow.2.QiongYao's novels used to be so popular that her books appeared on best-seller lists.3.Gas balloon is less safe than hot balloon because it may catch fire.4.Uniform acceleration(同樣的加速)occurs if the rate of change remains the same over successive equal intervals of time．

5.Thousands of Chinese college students went to the US Consulate 6.Shanghai，where they protested NATO's bombing at China's Embassy in Yugoslavia.狀語從句中的 “主語+be”可以省略，前提是：從句主語和主句主語一致，且從句謂語“be”省略后的結構為“連詞+現在分詞／過去分詞介詞短語／形容詞／名詞短語”。)例如：

1.When well fitted，glasses can correct most sight defects in healthy eyes．

2.If necessary，I would like to see you in your office.3.Although seriously wounded，he never complained．

3．名詞從句

名詞從句包括主語從句、賓語從句，其中有介詞與形容詞的賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。

1）主語從句

主語從句常出現在it is+名詞、形容詞、分詞+主語從句”的形式中。例如：

1.It is reported that Taiwanese pop singer Meng Tingwei will hold a solo concert in Shanghai someday this month．

2.It must be pointed out that you have failed to meet the deadline．

3.It usually happened that I was late because of traffic jams.主語從句還可用when，where初中英語語法總結，how，why，whether等連接副詞，和who，whom，whose，what，which初中英語語法總結，whoever，whatever，whichever等連接代詞來引起。例如：

1.How to arrange the meeting is not your task．

2.Whose candidate will win the election is the question both political parties are asking．

3.When I leave is my own decision.4.Whoever will go to the party won't change my mind of staying at home．

2)賓語從句

賓語從句可由that，疑問代詞或副詞how，why和where等引出。例如：1.To postpone the conference until next month indicated that they were unprepared．

2.Nearly a11 the staff agreed with what I said．

3.Everyone worried about her because no one was aware of where she had gone．

4.Could you offer more details except that it happened at night?

由what，whether，how引導的賓語從句可用在介詞后，而由that引導的從句只跟but，besides，except，in，save之后。例如:

1.I can hardly believe in what they have done.2.He doesn’t know my phone number except that the city code is 021.一些表語性的形容詞，如：alarmed，amazed，annoyed，astonished，certain，confident，disappointed，glad，pleased，proud，sad，shocked，sure，surprised，worried，ect.做表語時，后面可跟由that，how等引導的賓語從句。例如：

1.I was amazed how he could pass the exam without attending the lectures．

2.He is confident that he will pass the Band 6 examination．

3.She was surprised how simple his problem is．

4.We are all pleased that he will be able to pass the final examination.3)表語從句

表語從句對主語的內容起解釋和闡述的作用；若表語從句用that引起，that起連接作用，不能省略。b表語從句也可用連接詞how，when，where，why，what引起。由because引起的表語從句通常只用在“this／that／it is because” 結構中。例如：

1.A logarithm(對數)is what is known in algebra exponent(代數的指數)．

2.One thing I admire most about them is that they are hospitable．

3.She works too hard；That is why she is exhausted．

4.I must point out that where you intend to build a super-market is where the elderly do exercise every day．

4)同位語從句

同位語從句是由兩個或兩個以上同一層次語言單位組成的結構，其中前項與后項所指相同，句法功能相同。同位語從句由that引導，也可由whether初中英語語法總結，how，why，where，when等來引導。例如：

1.She ignored the teacher's instruction that she must study hard．

2.The question whether or not I should help him in such a case troubled me greatly．

第二篇：初中英語語法歸納：定語從句

初中英語語法歸納：定語從句一 名詞性從句:

1.主要包括主語從句,賓語從句,表語從句和同位語從句.一般由that 引起,也可由who, what, when, why, which, whom, whether, how 引起.2.主語從句很多情況下都可以放到句子后面,而用代詞it作形式上的主語.:

3.形式賓語

4.由名詞性關系代詞whatever, whoever, whichever 等引起的賓語從句

5.whether and if 都能引導從句, 但用法有所不同.當主語從句直接位于句首時,應用whether,而不用if.Whether 后能直接or not, 但if 不能.Whether he will come or not is not known.6.在名詞reason后的表語從句必須用that引導, 不可誤用 because.The reason why he is often late for class is that he has the bad habit of getting up late in the morning.二: 定語從句

1.引導定語從句的關系詞有who, whom, whose, that, when, where, why and which.在非限制定語從句中, 只可用which, who, whose, where , when., 如果指代前面整個句子, 多用which.2.當引導定語從句的先行詞前有all, any, no, little, much, very first 等詞, 或先行詞前為形容詞最高級所修飾時,或先行詞為all, anything, nothing, something, everything 時,從句的引導詞只能用that.3.as 可做引導詞引導定語從句, 多和such, the same 連用.As 引導的定語從句也可修飾整個句子, 既可放在先行詞后,也可放在句子開頭.4.介詞+which/whom/whose從句

5.代/名+介詞+which 從句

6.同位語從句和定語從句

三、定語從句的關系詞

引導定語從句的關系詞有關系代詞和關系副詞，常見的關系代詞包括that，which，who(賓格whom，所有格whose)等，關系副詞包括where，when，why等。關系代詞和關系副詞放在先行詞及定語從句之間起連接作用，同時又作定語從句的重要成分。

四、定語從句的分類

根據定語從句與先行詞的關系，定語從句可分為限制性定語從句及非限制性定語從句。限制性定語從句緊跟先行詞，主句與從句不用逗號分開，從句不可省去，非限制性定語從句主句與從句之間有逗號分開，起補充說明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。

五、關系代詞的用法

1.that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在從句中作主語或賓語，作主語時不可省略，作賓語可省略。例如：

Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.瑪麗喜歡輕柔的音樂。(that作主語)

The coat(that)I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是藍色的。(that作賓語)

2.which用于指物，在句中作主語或賓語，作主語不可省略，作賓語可省略。例如：

The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火車站附近的那座大樓是一家超市。(作主語)

The film(which)we saw last night was wonderful.我們昨天晚上看的那部電影很好看。(作賓語)

3.who，whom用于指人，who 用作主語，whom用作賓語。在口語中，有時可用who代替whom，也可省略。例如：

The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.經常在英語方面幫助我的那個女孩是英國人。(作主語)

Who is the teacher(whom)Li Ming is talking to? 正在與李明談話的老師是誰?(作賓語)

注意：(1)當定語從句中含有介詞，介詞放在句末時，who，that，which可省略，但介詞在關系代詞前時，只能用“介詞+which/whom”結構。例如：

This is the house in which we lived last year.這是我們去年居住的房子。

Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.請告訴我你從誰那借的這本英文小說。

(2)含有介詞的固定動詞詞組中，介詞不可前置，只能放在原來的位置上。例如：

This is the person whom you are looking for.這就是你要找的那個人。

(3)that 作介詞的賓語時，介詞不能放它的前面，只能放在從句中動詞的后面。例如：

The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常遠。

(4)關系詞只能用that的情況：

a.先行詞被序數詞或形容詞最高級所修飾，或本身是序數詞、基數詞、形容詞最高級時，只能用that，而不用which.例如：

He was the first person that passed the exam.他是第一個通過考試的人。

b.被修飾的先行詞為all，any，much，many，everything，anything，none，the one等不定代詞時，只能用that，而不用which.例如：

Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop? 你在商店里有什么東西要買嗎?

c.先行詞被the only，the very，the same，the last，little，few 等詞修飾時，只能用that，而不用which.例如：

This is the same bike that I lost.這就是我丟的那輛自行車。

d.先行詞里同時含有人或物時，只能用that，而不用which.例如：

I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚記得我在那個房間所見到的人和一些照片。

e.以who或which引導的特殊疑問句，為避免重復，只能用that.例如：

Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那個女孩是誰?

f.主句是there be 結構，修飾主語的定語從句用that，而不用which.例如：

There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.桌子上那本書是湯姆的。

(5)關系詞只能用which，而不用that 的情況：

a.先行詞為that，those時，用which，而不用that.例如：

What’s that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些東西是什么?

b.關系代詞前有介詞時，一般用which，而不用that.例如：

This is the room in which he lives.這是他居住的房間。

c.引導非限制性定語從句，用which，而不用that.例如：

Tom came back，which made us happy.湯姆回來了，這使我們很高興。

五、關系副詞的用法

(1)when指時間，其先行詞表示時間，在句中作時間狀語。例如：

This was the time when he arrived.這是他到達的時間。

(2)where指地點，其先行詞表示地點，在句中作地點狀語。例如：

This is place where he works.這是他工作的地點。

(3)why 指原因，其先行詞是原因，起原因狀語作用。例如：

Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.沒人知道他為什么上學總遲到。

第三篇：初中英語語法---狀語從句小結

初中英語語法---狀語從句小結

狀語從句是一種作狀語用的從句，修飾主句的動詞、形容詞、副詞或修飾全句，補充說明時間、地點、原因、條件、方式、程度、狀態等。根據它表達的意思的不同，可分為時間狀語從句、地點狀語從句、原因狀語從句、條件狀語從句、比較狀語從句、目的狀語從句、結果狀語從句等。時間狀語從句、條件狀語從句、結果狀語從句、原因狀語從句都是中考的重點。

一、時間狀語從句

時間狀語從句表示主句動作發生的時間，引導時間狀語從句的連詞有when, as, while, before, after, as soon as, till, until, since等。

until 用于肯定句中，表示句子的動作一直持續到until短語所表示的時間為止，即表示動作的終點。一般可譯為“直到……時(為止)”或“在……以前”。在這種用法中，句子的謂語動詞必須是持續動詞(非瞬間動詞)，如live, wait, last, love, like, stay, work, continue等。until用于否定句中，表示句子的動作直到until短語所表示的時間才開始發生，即表示動作的起點。一般譯為“直到……才”或“直到……之前(……還不)”

eg.It may last until Friday.這可能要延續到星期五。

用于否定句中：

eg.The secret was never told until after the old man's death.這個秘密在老人去世后才說出來。

連詞until

以同樣的方式分析作連詞的until的用法。作連詞用的until的英文釋義是up to the time when(直到……時為止)。

作連詞的until用于肯定句中，表示主句的動作一直持續到從句動作發生或狀態出現時為止。一般可譯為“……直到……為止”。在這種用法中，主句的謂語動詞必須是持續動詞(非瞬間動詞)，如live, wait , last, love, like, stay, work, continue 等。

eg.Heat can be conducted from a hot body to a cooler one until both are at the same temperature.熱可以從一個熱的物體傳到一個較冷的物體，直到兩者溫度相同為止。

作連詞的until用于否定句中 , 表示主句的動作在從句的動作發生之前尚未發生，或者說主句的動作在從句的動作發生之后才開始。一般可譯為“直到……才”。

eg.I hadn't realized she was foreign until she spoke.她不說話我還一直不知道她是個外國人。

since作連詞引導時間狀語從句的用法：

一、若since引導的狀語從句的謂語動詞是終止性的過去時，則從句表示的時間是“從動作開始的那一時刻起”。如：

eg.He has studied very hard since he came to our school.自從他來到我們學校，他學習就非常努力。

二、若since引導的狀語從句的謂語動詞是持續性動詞或表示狀態的動詞的過去時時，則從句表示的時間是“從那持續動作或狀態結束時算起”。

eg.I haven't heard any noise since I slept.Sleep為持續性動詞，sleep的動作結束時，即“醒來”時，這句應譯為“我醒后還未聽到任何聲音”。

John is now with his parents in New York, it is already three years since he was a teacher.約翰現在和父母一起住在紐約，他不當教師已經三年了。

while表示“正當 …… 時”；(指同時)用于同時進行的兩延續性動作相伴隨而發生，常對同類的兩動作進行對比。

eg.Please write while I read.我念的時候，請寫下來。

when表示“當 …….時：可表示瞬間、時間段，與主從句所述動作、事情可同時，也可有先后。例：

eg.It was snowing when we got to the airport.我們到達機場時，天正下著雪。(同時發生)。

as當…時，強調at the same time

① 不指先后，而指同時發生，尤指短動作或事件同時發生，eg.I looked;someone came here.正當我看的時候，有個人走過來。

② as不可說明兩種正在發展或變化的情況。

eg.As I get older, I get more optimistic.隨著年齡變大我變得更加樂觀。

as、when、while都可引導時間較長的同時發生的“背景”情況。

eg.As(when, while)I was walking down the street, I noticed a police car in front of a shop.當我順著馬路往前走的時候，我發現一家商店前停著一輛警車。

注意：1.在以as soon as, until, when等引導的時間狀語從句中，通常用一般現在時，而主句用將來時。

2.since引導的時間狀語從句用一般過去時，主句常用完成時，并且動詞用延續性動詞。

二、條件狀語從句

條件狀語從句表示主句動作發出的前提或條件、假想、推測等，條件狀語從句通常由連詞if, unless等引導。

eg.I'll help you with your English if I am free tomorrow.如果我明天有空，我就幫你學英語。

He won't be late unless he is ill.他不會遲到的，除非他生病了。

注意：在if, unless等詞引導的條件狀語從句，主句的謂語動詞用一般將來時，從句的謂語動詞通常用一般現在時表示將來的含義。

三、目的狀語從句

目的狀語從句表示主句的動作發生的目的或愿望，可用so that, that, in order that等詞引導。

目的狀語動詞中常有情態動詞may/might, can/could, should或will/would.eg.He visited London in order that he could see his parents.＝He visited London so that he could see his parents.為了看望父母他來到了倫敦。

School was closed early in order that the children might get home ahead of the storm.學校早放學，為的是讓孩子們在暴風雨前到家。

四、結果狀語從句

結果狀語從句表示主句的動作所引起的結果，可以用so…that, such…that等引導。

eg.The burglar wore gloves, so that there were no fingerprints found.竊賊帶著手套，所以沒有發現指紋。

He spoke so quickly that only a few students could follow him.他講話太快，只有幾個學生能聽懂。

The house is so expensive that very few people can afford it.房子價格太貴，很少有人買得起。

He was so good a runner that nobody could catch him.他是跑步的能手，沒人能趕上他。

It is such a good chance that we mustn't miss it.如此好的機會我們絕不能錯過。

It is such nice weather that I don't like to stay at home.天氣這么好，我不愿呆在家里。

辨析：so…that和such…that

so…that和such…that的意思均為“如此……以致……”，都用來引導結果狀語從句。但二者用法不盡相同，現歸納如下：

1.so…that結構中的so為副詞，后面跟形容詞或副詞；such…that中的such為形容詞，后面接名詞(名詞前可以有形容詞修飾)。

eg.He became so angry that he couldn't speak.他變得很生氣，以致說不出話來。

It was such a fine day that we went out for a walk.那是一個很晴朗的日子，我們出去散步。

2.當that前的名詞有表示數量多少的many, much, few, little等修飾時，只能用so，不能用such.eg.There was so much noise outside that we couldn't hear the teacher.外面嘈雜聲很大，以致我們不能聽到老師的話。

He had so many falls that he was black and blue all over.他跌了這么多的跤，以致全身青一塊、紫一塊的。

注意：若名詞前的little解釋為“小(的)”意思時，則仍用such, 而不能用so.eg.They are such little sheep that they can't run fast.它們是小綿羊，以至于它們跑得不快。

3.當that前是單數可數名詞且該名詞前面有形容詞修飾時，so與such可以互換，即：so＋adj.＋a/an＋n.＝such＋a/an＋adj.＋n.eg.She is so good a teacher that we all love her.＝She is such a good teacher that we all love her.她是一位好老師，我們都愛她。

4.當that前是不可數名詞或復數可數名詞時，則必須用such，不能用so來代替。

eg.It was such fine weather that they all went swimming.那是個好天氣，他們都去游泳了。

They are such nice apples that we would like to eat them.它們是如此好的蘋果，以致我們想吃它們。

五、原因狀語從句

原因狀語從句由because, as, for, since等引導。

eg.We couldn't walk very fast because the road was very slippery.因為路滑我們走不快。As she's been ill, perhaps she'll need some help.她由于生病可能需要些幫助。

Since you're not interested, I won't tell you about it.既然你不感興趣，那我就不告訴你。

辨析：because, since, as和for

1.because語氣最強，表示直接原因，可用于回答 why 提出的問題、引導表語從句、用于強調句等，而其余三者均不行。

eg.“Why didn't he come?” “Because he was ill.” “他為什么沒來?”“因為他病了?！?/p>

My stomach hurts because I have eaten too many apples.我肚子痛，因為蘋果吃得太多。

That's because you can't appreciate music.這是因為你不能欣賞音樂。

It is because he is honest that I like him.是因為他誠實我才喜歡他。

2.since語氣較弱，指雙方都明確的原因或眾所周知的原因，譯為“既然”，側重主句，從句表示顯然的或已知的理由。

eg.Since you don't like it, I'll put it away.既然你不喜歡，我就把它放在一邊。

Since you are wrong, you should apologize.你既然錯了，就應該道歉。

3.as “由于，鑒于”，指客觀事實，常與since互換使用。

eg.As there was no answer, I wrote again.鑒于沒回復，我又寫了一封信。

As you weren't there, I left a message.由于你不在那兒，我留了個口信。

4.for 是并列連詞，不說明直接原因而是對某種情況加以推斷，其引導的分句前常有逗號。

eg.He must be ill, for he is absent today.他一定是生病了，因為他今天沒來。

He took the food eagerly, for he has eaten nothing since dawn.他狼吞虎咽地吃了起來，因為他從天亮都沒吃過東西。

六、比較狀語從句

常由than, as…as…, not as(so)…as等連詞引導。eg.John is taller than his brother.約翰比他的弟弟高。I'm as tall as you.我和你一樣高。

He doesn't pay as much tax as we do/ as us.他沒有我們交的稅款多。

七、方式狀語從句

常由as, as if(as though)等連詞引導。

eg.Leave it as it is.保持原狀，別動它。

Do it as I do it.照我的樣子做這件事。

He treats me as if/ as though I were a child.他把我當小孩子一樣來對待。

They completely ignore the fact as if/ as though it never existed.他們完全忽略了這個事實，就仿佛它不存在似的。

八、讓步狀語從句

常由though(although)等連詞引導。

eg.Although it was cold, he went out without a coat.盡管天氣很冷，他沒有穿大衣就出去了。

Though they are poor, they have enough to eat.他們雖然很窮，食物還是夠吃的。

典型例題：

1.I________ the CDs to you if I have time tomorrow.A.will return B.returned

C.have returned

D.return

解析：考查狀語從句的時態。在if條件狀語從句中，主句用將來時，從句用一般現在時，故選A。

2.－Dick gave me a note while I________ in the library.－I guess he made it to say“sorry”to you.A.am reading

B.was reading

C.reads

D.will read

解析：主句使用了一般過去時，時間狀語從句也應使用過去的某種時態，這里應使用過去進行時，表示動作正在發生。下句I guess he made it to say“sorry”to you.也為解題提供了很好的提示。故選B。

3.－Look!Here comes our school bus.－No hurry.Don't get on it________ it has stopped.A.until

B.after

C.since

D.when

解析：考查時間狀語從句。句意為“看！我們的校車來了?！薄皠e急。等車停穩再上去吧?！边xA，not…until直到……才，是固定搭配。

4.I didn't know he came back________ I met him in the street.A.since

B.when

C.until

D.After 解析：考查時間狀語從句。句意為：直到在街上見到他，我才知道他回來了。not…until是固定結構，表示“直到……才”。故選C。

5.I'll do it better if the teacher________ me another chance.A.give

B.gives

C.gave

D.will give

解析：考查狀語從句的時態。if引導的狀語從句一般遵循“主將從現”的規則，故選B。

6.When I went to say goodbye to Anna, she________ the piano.A.is playing

B.plays

C.was playing

D.played

解析：When引導的時間狀語從句使用了一般過去時，主句也應使用過去的某種時態，這里表示動作正在發生（她正在彈鋼琴），用過去進行時，這能使描寫的對象更加生動。故選C。

7.I have been trying my best to study English________ I want to have a chance to be a volunteer for the Beijing Olympics.A.until

B.because

C.though

解析：考查原因狀語從句。I want to have a chance to be a volunteer for the Beijing Olympics.（我想有機會成為一名北京奧運會的志愿者）與I have been trying my best to study English（我一直在竭盡全力學習英語）構成因果關系，故選B。

8.－How was your climbing on Mount Tai？

－I didn't believe I could do it________ I got to the top.A.until

B.unless

C.after

D.when

解析：考查時間狀語從句。not…until“直到……才”是固定句式。句意為“你爬泰山的感受是什么？”“我簡直難以置信，直到登上山頂”。

9.－Look at the noisy kids!

－Haven't you heard the saying“When the cat is away, the mice________.”?

A.play

B.played

C.are playing

D.will play

解析：考查含有時間狀語從句的主句的時態。規律是：“主將從現”，即從句用一般現在時，主句用一般將來時。故選D?！癢hen the cat is away, the mice will play.”（相當于“山中無老虎，猴子稱大王。”）

10.He met many problems________ he was going over his lessons.A.before

B.as soon as

C.since

D.while

解析：考查時間狀語從句中連詞的選用。要從意義和句子邏輯兩方面考慮。與as和when相比，敘述兩個較長時間的動作，特別是提供“背景”的時間更長時，常用while，故選D。句意為“他在復習功課時碰到了許多問題。”

語法專練：

一、時間、地點、條件、讓步狀語從句練習

1.People behind you will be unhappy ________ you talk too long on the phone.A.as

B.for

C.if

2.________ you don't go to see the doctor, ________ you'll be worse.A.If;/

B.If;and

C.If;or

3.Mother was busy cooking in the kitchen ________ father was watching TV in the sitting room.A.as

B.when

C.while

4.Don't leave the office________ I come back.A.when

B.if

C.until

5.I didn't go to bed________ all the TV programmes were over.A.until

B.when

C.after

6.There are usually some people watching________ those retired workers play chess.A.which

B.where

C.as

7.________ it was raining, ________ we went on with our sports meeting.A.Though;/

B.Though;but

C./;but

8.I reached the station________ the train had just moved.A.until

B.after

C.as soon as

9.The mouse had run into the hole________ the cat could catch it.A.before

B.after

C.as soon as

10.The baby stopped crying________ he saw his mother.A.until

B.as soon as

C.then

二、原因、比較、目的、結果狀語從句練習。用所給的關聯詞將簡單句連接成復合句。1.He didn't pass the exam.He hadn't gone over his lessons.（because）2.You can buy the dictionary.You have got enough money.（since）

3.You have seen the film twice.You can give the ticket to your brother.（now that）4.It was a long letter.It took her more than two hours to type it.（such…that）

5.I called out to him in a loud voice.He heard me on the other side of the street.（so that）6.Lily sings well.Linda sings well, too.（as…as）

7.Jim looks weak.His brother Tim looks even weaker.（than）

8.Mr.and Mrs.Smith work hard.They want to send their son to college.（in order that）9.I'll give you some more examples.You can learn how to use this expression.（so that）10.He ran very fast.Nobody in our class could catch up with him.（so…that）

三、句型轉換

1.The students were reading books.The teacher came into the room.（合并為一個含有時間狀語從句的復合句）

________________________________________________

2.After the mother came back, the little girl went to bed.（改為同義句）

The little girl________ ________ to bed________ the mother cam back.3.Jane and Kate are of the same age.（改為同義句）

Jane is________ ________ ________ Kate.4.Study hard, and you'll catch up with your classmates.（改為同義句）

________ you ________ study hard, you ________ catch up with your classmates.5.There are many rabbits in the filed in Australia.The farmers can't kill them all.（改為同義句）

There are ________ many rabbits in the filed in Australia________ farmers can't kill them all.6.The boy is so lazy that he does badly in all his lessons.（改為同義句）

He is ________ a________ boy ________ he does badly in all his lessons.7.If he isn't ill, he won't be late.（改為同義句）

He won't be late________ he is ill.8.He visited London to see his parents.（改為復合句）

He visited London ________ ________ ________ he could see his parents.9.I will try it;I may fail.（改寫為讓步狀語從句）

I will try it, ________ ________ I may fail.10.Without your help, I can't finish the work on time.（改為同義句）

________ you ________ help me, I can't finish the work on time.四、完形填空

Have you ever heard of the satellite called Early Bird which was built by an organization consisting of 16 countries? Now dozens of satellites 1_____ into space, and they help people in many ways.You can speak to people on 2_____ side of the world over the telephone 3_____ the help of satellites.They can help take photos of Earth and produce maps.Some pictures 4_____ by satellites show us the exact places where different metals can be found.They can also 5_____ the differences between healthy plants and poor ones.This is a great help to the scientists 6_____ work in forests.Satellites benefit our daily life.For example, satellites for 7_____ are used to send radio and TV programs from one part of the world to another.It is satellites that make our world seem 8_____.A number of research stations have been set up to study outer space.In the past, it was difficult 9_____ the scientists to get a clear picture of the dusty air, while satellites make it easier now.They are being used more and more to collect information about space, just like 10_____ between space and us.1.A.has put

B.have put

C.has been put

D.have been put

2.A.other

B.both

C.neither

D.the other

3.A.with

B.in

C.by

D.at

4.A.take

B.takes

C.taking

D.taken

5.A.say

B.speak

C.tell

D.read A.which

B.who

C.where

D.what

7.A.weather

B.army

C.industry

D.broadcasting

8.A.cleaner

B.smaller

C.larger

D.farther

9.A.for

B.of

C.with

D.by

10.A.lines

B.lights

C.bridges

D.ropes

五、閱讀理解

They British Museum is the biggest museum in the world.Inside you feel smaller than usual.The story of the British Museum goes back three hundred years to one unusual man.Sir Hans Sloane, a doctor to King George Ⅱ.The doctor collected books, drawings, clothes, money, animals, flowers, things from all over the world.The doctor wanted everything to stay together when he died, so that people could come and have a look.The British Museum began.King George Ⅱ gave his library, and the museum started to grow.The British Museum opened in 1759, six years after Sir Hans Sloane died.At first the museum was only open three days a week and only ten people could enter in an hour.There wasn't much time to see things.Visitors had to run through the rooms.By about 1800, things began to get better.Wonderful statues（雕像）, three thousand years old, arrived from Egypt.George IV sold all his books to the museum secretly.A hundred years ago, not only old books but also new ones arrived at the museum, and more people came to read them.Since then many famous men have written and studied there.And the library is growing faster and faster.There are four kilometers of new shelves every year and there are about two million visitors every year.1.Sir Hans Sloane was interested in_____.A.collecting all kinds of books B.collecting all kinds of drawings C.collecting all kinds of money D.collecting all kinds of things

2.When you go inside the British Museum, you feel smaller than usual because_____.A.the museum is empty

B.the museum is very big

C.there are too many things in it

D.you are too small

3.Sir Hans Sloane died_____.A.in 17

53B.in 1759

C.in 1765

D.in 1800

4.At first, the visitors had to run through the museum because_____.A.there were only several things to see B.the museum was the biggest one in the world C.they were not interested in the things in it D.they had only one hour to see all the things in it 5.The passage is mainly about_____.A.Sir Hans Sloane

B.George Ⅱ

C.the history of the British Museum D.the books of the museum

答案與解析：

一、1.C 本句用從屬連詞if引導條件狀語從句。本句如果使用as引導原因狀語從句或用for連接并列句，句子時態要調整：People behind you are unhappy as you have talked too long on the phone.People behind you are unhappy, for you have talked too long on the phone.2.A if用來連接條件狀語從句，and或or用來連接并列句，所以用if就不能用后兩個并列連詞。

3.C while在這兒連接一個時間狀語，表示與主句同時進行的動作。

4.C “not…until…”句型表示“不到……就不（要）……”或“直到……才……”。

5.C 本句的最佳答案是after，而until不能使用，除非將主句改為否定句：I didn't go to bed until all the TV programmes were over.6.B 本句中用where引導地點狀語從句。

7.A though與but不能并用；可只用but，但句子開頭須大寫。

8.B after引導時間狀語從句，明確表示從句動詞表示的動作先于主句動詞表示的動作。

9.A before引導時間狀語從句，明確表示主句動詞表示的動作先于從句動詞表示的動作。

10.B as soon as引導時間狀語從句，表示從句動作一發生，主句動作即發生。由于兩個動作連接緊密，所以從句中不一定要用過去完成時。

二、1.He didn't pass the exam because he hadn't gone over his lessons.用because引導原因狀語從句置主句之后。

2.Since you have got enough money, you can buy the dictionary.用since引導狀語從句表示說話雙方都知悉的原因。

3.Now that you have seen the film twice, you can give the ticket to your brother.Now that引導原因狀語從句，表示“既然……”。

4.It was such a long letter that it took her more than two hours to type it.such后往往跟名詞或名詞性詞組，和that連接表示結果。

5.I called out to him in a loud voice so that he heard me on the other side of the street.so that在本句中引導結果狀語從句。

6.Linda sings as well as Lily.“as＋副詞原級＋as”表示兩者程度相同。

7.Jim's brother Tim looks even weaker than he（looks weak）.than引導一個省略了謂語部分的比較狀語從句。

8.Mr.and Mrs.Smith work hard in order that they may send their son to college.“in order that”引導目的狀語從句。

9.I'll give you some more examples so that you can learn how to use this expression.“so that”在本句中引導目的狀語從句。

10.He ran so fast that nobody in our class could catch up with him.“so…that…”引導結果狀語從句。

三、句型轉換

1.The students were reading books when the teacher came into the room.2.didn't go;until/ before/ till 3.as old as 4.If;don't;won't 5.so;that 6.such;lazy;that 7.unless 8.in order that 9.even though

10.If;don't

四、完形填空

1.D 本句使用現在完成時的被動語態。

2.D 由名詞side判斷，應排除B項；C項表否定，不合題意；表示特指就用定冠詞the, the other side of the world意為“世界的另一端”，故選D。

3.A with the help of為固定短語，意為“在……幫助下”。

4.D 過去分詞作后置定語。some pictures taken by satellites“被衛星拍的圖片”。

5.C tell在此意為“區分，辨別”，其他選項不合文意。

6.B 本句使用定語從句，先行詞為人，故使用關系詞who.7.D broadcasting意為“廣播”。

8.B 由句意可知“衛星使我們的世界似乎變小了”。

9.A “對于某人來講”用介詞for.10.C “衛星好像是太空和我們之間的橋梁”。

五、閱讀理解

1.D 由短文第三段第一句“The doctor collected books, drawings, clothes, money, animals, flowers, things from all over the world.”可知，他收集各種各樣的東西。

2.B 由短文第一句可知。

3.A 由短文第四段第一句可知，博物館是在Sir Hans Sloane去世六年后開業的，而開業是在1759年，應減去六年即1753年去世的。

4.D 由短文第四段可知，初進博物館一次只允許10個人進入1小時，時間緊，游人不得不跑。

5.C 本文主要講述英國博物館的歷史。

第四篇：初中英語語法賓語從句試講教案

賓語從句教學設計

一、導入

1.復習什么是賓語。動詞/介詞后面的名詞就是賓語。

I play basketball.We are talking about our homework..2.賓語從句就是在賓語的位置上放一個完整的句子。3.I love that I can earn some coupons.板書：He knows me.He knows what’s wrong with his wife.說出2個句子的賓語。

第一個句子的賓語是一個詞構成的，第二個句子的賓語是一個句子，我們稱這種做賓語的句子叫賓語從句。在句子中充當賓語的從句叫賓語從句。其中 he knows 叫主句，what’s wrong with him是從句。

說出下面4個句子的主句和從句。

A．He said that he had a very good journey home.B．He asked if /whether they had come.C．He told me that the earth goes around the sun.D．He asked me how he could get to the nearest post office.總結：。是主句，剩下的是由that，if，how引導的賓語從句。

初步認識了賓語從句，下面我們開始了解賓語從句的三要素 引導詞（連接詞）語序 時態

1)從屬連詞that引導陳述句賓語從句，在口語或者非正式語中可以被省略

比如上面四句話中的A,C就是that引導的陳述句的賓語從句。如果省略掉that，該如何修改。（讓學生口頭修改）

A．He said that he had a very good journey home.C．He told me that the earth goes around the sun.2）由從屬連詞 whether, if 引導一般疑問句的賓語從句，表示“是否”，比如上面的B就是由if引導的賓語從句，B．He asked if /whether they had come.3）由連接代詞

who,whom,whose,which,what, whoever, whichever, whatever 和連接副詞 where, how, why,when引導的賓語從句

代詞或副詞連接主句和從句，并在從句中擔任句子成分，具有一定的意義，不可省略，比如上面的D。

D．He asked me how he could get to the nearest post office.注意：關于是否if/whether.Whether,if 引導賓語從句：兩詞可互換，但是下列情形除外：

1)．whether從句中有or not

Eg:Whether rain or not we will go to the park.2)．whether從句做介詞賓語

3)whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以.4)在不定式前只能用whether.（如：I can’t decide whether to stay.我不能決定是否留下。）

5)避免歧異時，我們常用whether而不用if.6)decide 后邊的賓語從句要用whether.Paper課堂

1.I asked her __________ she had a bike.2.We’re worried about ________ he is safe.3.I don’t know ________ or not he is well.繼續觀察上面的四句話，請問賓語從句的語序有什么特點？（陳述句語序）不管原來的句子是陳述句，一般疑問句還是特殊疑問句，放在賓語從句里都是陳述句語序。

（板書）改寫賓語從句。陳述句Doctor Li is very patient.It is well-known that _____.一般疑問句Is Doctor Li very patient? John wants to know __________(用if或者whether引導)

練習

Part 1 課堂練習

Mike gets up at seven in the morning.He says that---Mike gets up at seven in the morning

The teacher asks--if Mike gets up at seven in the morning.我們已經了解了賓語從句的引導詞和語序，下面我們來學習下賓語從句的時態。

（卡片，貼在上面時態的旁邊）口訣：主現從任意

主過從過去 從真理用現在

一張paper發 朗讀并且分析主句從句的時態 ? 主句用現在時，從句可用任意時態。可歸納為“主現從任意”

Do you know what time the ship leaves? Do you know when John was born? Do you know if John has passed his exams? ? 主句用過去時，從句用過去的某個時態?？蓺w納為“主過從過去”

He said he had a very good journey home.He asked if they had come.3．主句用過去時，從句是科學真理、客觀常識、名人格言時用一般現在時。

He told me that the earth goes around the sun.(自然真理客觀現象)He didn’t know that summer comes after spring when he was five years old.注意：4情態動詞could/would用于，“請求”，表示委婉、客氣的語氣時，從句不受主句的約束。

Could you tell me where I can buy a pencil sharpener?

5主句是一般過去時，從句中有具體的過去時間狀語，即使從句動作發生在主句動作前，仍用一般過去時。

? The teacher told me she was born in 1960.? I heard that he went to Paris last night.賓語從句的一些特殊句式

? 1動詞think, find, consider, believe, feel, make等后it為形式賓語，后跟名詞或形容詞作賓補，而真正的賓語——that從句則放在句尾）We think it our duty that we should help others.I find it impossible that he should finish the work in two days.2.否定轉移

若主句主語為第一人稱且謂語動詞為think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, guess, imagine等，其后的賓語從句含有否定意義，一般要把否定詞轉移到主句謂語上，從句謂語用肯定式。

I think he won’t come here.（）I don’t think he will come here.（）

2.當賓語從句的引導詞正好做主語的時候，語序不變，比如常用的what和who Could you tell me who knows the answer，please？ The small children don't know what is in their stockings What’s wrong?（what was wrong）

What’s the matter?（what was the matter）

What’s happening? What happened? eg:

I don’t know what’s the matter.I don’t know what the matter is.(F)

Can you tell me who is over there?（who做主語）Can you tell me who he is ?（who做表語）連接詞

語序

引導詞+主語+謂語 時態

二、知識點講解

1.語序問題——從句是陳述句語序（在講課的時候，例句和配題都要反復重復這個原則）

什么是陳述句語序？就是主語在謂語動詞前面。⑴ 引導詞為that/whether/if 的從句

That 在句子中只做連接作用，沒有實際意義

Whether 和 if 都表示“是否”的意義，區別是whether后面能加or not 而if 不能。例句1：

I want to know whether Mike will come with you or not.陳述句語序！I want to know that Mike is good at English or math.陳述句語序！

⑵ 引導詞為wh系列特殊疑問詞（what which when where why who/whom）+how 例句2：

Do you know what lily’s phone number is.陳述句語序！

I wondered what you were doing at this time yesterday.陳述句語序！Marry asked me when we would take part in the competition.2.時態問題

⑴觀察例句1和2中的句子，我們發現，當主句為現在時（一般現在時，現在進行時，現在完成時），從句的時態隨便選?！澳愕臅r態你做主” 例句1：

P85/3(2010 北京)Do you know _____ the capital museum?（主現從隨便）Next Friday.-----時間狀語說明動作發生在將來。A when will they visit B when they will visit C when did they visit D when they visited [分析] 如何判斷題目考察的點就是賓語從句？ ①分析題干和選項。

當題干開空的前面是動詞，常見的有tell know

ask并且選項都是由特殊疑問詞引導 6 的一個完整的句子的時候，多為考查賓語從句。

②判斷語序，陳述句語序。

選項設計一般為兩個錯誤時態和兩個錯誤語序。不管時態先看語序。排除疑問句語序。

（對于基礎比較差的學生，不明白什么是疑問句語序，就告訴學生，看到以下助動詞后面是人稱代詞就是錯誤的。）

Is/are/am/was/were + I/we/you/they等人稱代詞

錯誤 Has/have/did/will/shall/should + 人稱代詞

錯誤

分析時態：主句是一般現在時，從句的時態“你的時態你做主”?！獙頃r態。

⑵ 當主句的時態是過去的某個時態（一般過去，過去進行，過去完成，過去將來），從句必須只能用過去時態。

注意：當從句陳述的是某個客觀事實或者真理的時候，無論主句是何時態，從句都只用一般現在時。例句：

He told me he would go to Canada.(主過從過)

三、總結

在這節課下課之后，要讓學生們記住下面幾句話。① 陳述句語序

② 主現從隨便；主過從過；真理永遠一般現在時態。

賓語從句做題方法論：

① 賓語從句出題位置一般為單選題目最后一道，看到選項多為wh特殊疑問詞+完整句，開空前多為tell know ask這樣的動詞。② 觀察選項，排除錯誤語序

③ 根據時間狀語和主句時態，選擇正確時態。

第五篇：初中英語語法賓語從句試講教案

賓語從句教學設計

一、導入

1.復習什么是賓語。動詞/介詞后面的名詞就是賓語。

I play basketball.We are talking about our homework..2.賓語從句就是在賓語的位置上放一個完整的句子。3.I love that I can earn some coupons.板書：He knows me.He knows what’s wrong with his wife.說出2個句子的賓語。

說出2個句子的賓語是詞（詞組）還是句子。

第一個句子的賓語是一個詞構成的，第二個句子的賓語是一個句子，我們稱這種做賓語的句子叫賓語從句。在句子中充當賓語的從句叫賓語從句。其中 he knows 叫主句，what’s wrong with him是從句。

說出下面4個句子的主句和從句。

A．He said that he had a very good journey home.B．He asked if /whether they had come.C．He told me that the earth goes around the sun.D．He asked me how he could get to the nearest post office.總結：。是主句，剩下的是由that，if，how引導的賓語從句。初步認識了賓語從句，下面我們開始了解賓語從句的三要素 引導詞（連接詞）語序 時態

1)從屬連詞that引導陳述句賓語從句，在口語或者非正式語中可以被省略

比如上面四句話中的A,C就是that引導的陳述句的賓語從句。如果省略掉that，該如何修改。（讓學生口頭修改）

A．He said that he had a very good journey home.C．He told me that the earth goes around the sun.2）由從屬連詞 whether, if 引導一般疑問句的賓語從句，表示“是否”，比如上面的B就是由if引導的賓語從 句，B．He asked if /whether they had come.3）由連接代詞

who,whom,whose,which,what, whoever, whichever, whatever 和連接副詞 where, how, why,when引導的賓語從句

代詞或副詞連接主句和從句，并在從句中擔任句子成分，具有一定的意義，不可省略，比如上面的D。

D．He asked me how he could get to the nearest post office.注意：關于是否if/whether.Whether,if 引導賓語從句：兩詞可互換，但是下列情形除外：

1)．whether從句中有or not

2)．whether從句做介詞賓語

3)whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以.4)在不定式前只能用whether.（如：I can’t decide whether to stay.我不能決定是否留下。）

5)避免歧異時，我們常用whether而不用if.Paper課堂

1.I asked her __________ she had a bike.2.We’re worried about ________ he is safe.3.I don’t know ________ or not he is well.4.I don’t know _______ to go.繼續觀察上面的四句話，請問賓語從句的語序有什么特點？（陳述句語序）不管原來的句子是陳述句，一般疑問句還是特殊疑問句，放在賓語從句里都是陳述句語序。（板書）改寫賓語從句。陳述句Doctor Li is very patient.2

It is well-known that _____.一般疑問句Is Doctor Li very patient? John wants to know __________(用if或者whether引導)特殊疑問句How is Doctor LI? John wants to know ____ 練習

Part 1 課堂練習（paper）

Mike gets up at seven in the morning.He says that---Mike gets up at seven in the morning

The teacher asks--if Mike gets up at seven in the morning..The teacher asks what time---Mike gets up in the morning.我們已經了解了賓語從句的引導詞和語序，下面我們來學習下賓語從句的時態。（卡片，貼在上面時態的旁邊）口訣：主現從任意

主過從過去 從真理用現在 一張paper發 朗讀并且分析主句從句的時態 ? 主句用現在時，從句可用任意時態?？蓺w納為“主現從任意”

Do you know what time the ship leaves? Do you know when John was born? Do you know if John has passed his exams? ? 主句用過去時，從句用過去的某個時態。可歸納為“主過從過去”

He said he had a very good journey home.He asked if they had come.3．主句用過去時，從句是科學真理、客觀常識、名人格言時用一般現在時。

He told me that the earth goes around the sun.(自然真理客觀現象)He didn’t know that summer comes after spring when he was five years old.注意：4情態動詞could/would用于，“請求”，表示委婉、客氣的語氣時，從句不受主句的約束。

Could you tell me where I can buy a pencil sharpener? 5主句是一般過去時，從句中有具體的過去時間狀語，即使從句動作發生在主句動作前，仍用一般過去時。

? ? The teacher told me she was born in 1960.I heard that he went to Paris last night.賓語從句的一些特殊句式

? 1動詞think, find, consider, believe, feel, make等后it為形式賓語，后跟名詞或形容詞作賓補，而真正的賓語——that從句則放在句尾）

We think it our duty that we should help others.I find it impossible that he should finish the work in two days.2.否定轉移

若主句主語為第一人稱且謂語動詞為think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, guess, imagine等，其后的賓語從句含有否定意義，一般要把否定詞轉移到主句謂語上，從句謂語用肯定式。

I think he won’t come here.（）I don’t think he will come here.（）2.當賓語從句的引導詞正好做主語的時候，語序不變，比如常用的what和who Could you tell me who knows the answer，please？

The small children don't know what is in their stockings What’s wrong?（what was wrong）

What’s the matter?（what was the matter）

What’s happening? What happened? eg:

I don’t know what’s the matter.I don’t know what the matter is.(F)

Can you tell me who is over there?（who做主語）Can you tell me who he is ?（who做表語）