第一篇：初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)(從句)

初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)（從句）

從句分為定語(yǔ)從句，狀語(yǔ)從句和名詞從句三大類。定語(yǔ)從句又分為限定性和非限定性從句兩種，由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)，修飾主句的某個(gè)成分。狀語(yǔ)從句分為時(shí)間、結(jié)果、讓步、原因、條件及行為方式狀語(yǔ)從句。名詞從句包括主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)從句及there be句型。

1．定語(yǔ)從句

限定性定語(yǔ)從句中that可代表人和事，而which只代表事；二者在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。that作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)常可省略，which則不能，而且其后的“不及物動(dòng)詞+介詞’’中的介詞不能省略。which作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，先行詞與which之間的介詞不能省。例如：

1.The first doll that could say“mama”was invented in 1830．

2.The second half of his voyage was by far the more dangerous part，during which he sailed round the Cape Horn．

代表a11，anything，something，nothing，much等詞時(shí)，用that而不用which，that作賓語(yǔ)可省略。例如：

1.I care anything that has something to do with it．

2.You'd better do something he prefers to do to please him．

3.That is the last time we met each other．

4.I came across the woman you told me about yesterday．

who和whom引導(dǎo)的從句用來(lái)修飾人，分別作從句的主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)。where是關(guān)系副詞，用于表示地點(diǎn)的定語(yǔ)從句，而when用來(lái)表示時(shí)間。whose是關(guān)系代詞，修飾名詞作定語(yǔ)。例如:

1.Henry Ford is the person who is most responsible for developing the idea of mass production．

2.The knee is the joint where the thigh bone meets the large bone of the lower leg．

3.The next morning，when she came down to breakfast，Mary was beaming with the pleasure of a new，great discovery．

4.The visiting professor is a famous scientist whose son studies in my department．

在下列情況，限定性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞可以省略：1)當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)；或它們?cè)趶木渲凶鹘樵~的賓語(yǔ)，而該介詞又在句末時(shí)；2)當(dāng)先行詞是that，all，only，everything，something，nothing等代詞時(shí)，或先行詞前有一個(gè)最高級(jí)形容詞修飾時(shí)；3)當(dāng)先行詞前有only，any，all，first，no，last等修飾時(shí)，或先行詞就是time，moment，way(anyway)，direction，distance等名詞時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞即可省略。例如：

1.The delegation we had been waiting for finally arrived．

2.I met the woman you told me about．

3.She gave me all she could afford．

4.With TV we can see things happen almost at the exact moment they are happening．

非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，其作用為：對(duì)所修飾的成分作進(jìn)一步的說(shuō)明，它與主句用逗號(hào)隔開。此類從句省略后其余部分仍可成立。在非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中，which可代表前面的整個(gè)句子；代表人時(shí)只能用who，whom，而不能用that；as也可用作關(guān)系代詞。例如:

1.The telephone，as we know，was the invention of Alexander Graham Bell．

2.The Little White House in Warm Springs was the Georgia home President 3.Franklin

D．Roosevelt，who died there on April 12，1945．

4.Living in a damp house for a long time is harmful to one’s health，which is known to everyone．

2．狀語(yǔ)從句

狀語(yǔ)從句可分為：時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句(主要由when，whenever，after，before，a5，slnce，once，assoonas初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)，Until，while等連詞引導(dǎo))，結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句(由so…that和such…that連接)，讓步狀語(yǔ)從句(由though，although，no matter，even if初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)，however初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)，whatever等詞引導(dǎo))，原因狀語(yǔ)從句(由as，because，since和for引導(dǎo))，條件狀語(yǔ)從句(由if，whether，as long as，provided that等詞引導(dǎo))，地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句(由where引導(dǎo))，行為方式狀語(yǔ)從句(由as引導(dǎo))。有時(shí)條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，主句不可以用將來(lái)時(shí)，而用一般時(shí)代替。例如：

1.The small greenish flowers of the elm tree appear in the Spring，long before the leaves grow.2.QiongYao's novels used to be so popular that her books appeared on best-seller lists.3.Gas balloon is less safe than hot balloon because it may catch fire.4.Uniform acceleration(同樣的加速)occurs if the rate of change remains the same over successive equal intervals of time．

5.Thousands of Chinese college students went to the US Consulate 6.Shanghai，where they protested NATO's bombing at China's Embassy in Yugoslavia.狀語(yǔ)從句中的 “主語(yǔ)+be”可以省略，前提是：從句主語(yǔ)和主句主語(yǔ)一致，且從句謂語(yǔ)“be”省略后的結(jié)構(gòu)為“連詞+現(xiàn)在分詞／過(guò)去分詞介詞短語(yǔ)／形容詞／名詞短語(yǔ)”。)例如：

1.When well fitted，glasses can correct most sight defects in healthy eyes．

2.If necessary，I would like to see you in your office.3.Although seriously wounded，he never complained．

3．名詞從句

名詞從句包括主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句，其中有介詞與形容詞的賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。

1）主語(yǔ)從句

主語(yǔ)從句常出現(xiàn)在it is+名詞、形容詞、分詞+主語(yǔ)從句”的形式中。例如：

1.It is reported that Taiwanese pop singer Meng Tingwei will hold a solo concert in Shanghai someday this month．

2.It must be pointed out that you have failed to meet the deadline．

3.It usually happened that I was late because of traffic jams.主語(yǔ)從句還可用when，where初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)，how，why，whether等連接副詞，和who，whom，whose，what，which初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)，whoever，whatever，whichever等連接代詞來(lái)引起。例如：

1.How to arrange the meeting is not your task．

2.Whose candidate will win the election is the question both political parties are asking．

3.When I leave is my own decision.4.Whoever will go to the party won't change my mind of staying at home．

2)賓語(yǔ)從句

賓語(yǔ)從句可由that，疑問(wèn)代詞或副詞how，why和where等引出。例如：1.To postpone the conference until next month indicated that they were unprepared．

2.Nearly a11 the staff agreed with what I said．

3.Everyone worried about her because no one was aware of where she had gone．

4.Could you offer more details except that it happened at night?

由what，whether，how引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句可用在介詞后，而由that引導(dǎo)的從句只跟but，besides，except，in，save之后。例如:

1.I can hardly believe in what they have done.2.He doesn’t know my phone number except that the city code is 021.一些表語(yǔ)性的形容詞，如：alarmed，amazed，annoyed，astonished，certain，confident，disappointed，glad，pleased，proud，sad，shocked，sure，surprised，worried，ect.做表語(yǔ)時(shí)，后面可跟由that，how等引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。例如：

1.I was amazed how he could pass the exam without attending the lectures．

2.He is confident that he will pass the Band 6 examination．

3.She was surprised how simple his problem is．

4.We are all pleased that he will be able to pass the final examination.3)表語(yǔ)從句

表語(yǔ)從句對(duì)主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容起解釋和闡述的作用；若表語(yǔ)從句用that引起，that起連接作用，不能省略。b表語(yǔ)從句也可用連接詞how，when，where，why，what引起。由because引起的表語(yǔ)從句通常只用在“this／that／it is because” 結(jié)構(gòu)中。例如：

1.A logarithm(對(duì)數(shù))is what is known in algebra exponent(代數(shù)的指數(shù))．

2.One thing I admire most about them is that they are hospitable．

3.She works too hard；That is why she is exhausted．

4.I must point out that where you intend to build a super-market is where the elderly do exercise every day．

4)同位語(yǔ)從句

同位語(yǔ)從句是由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上同一層次語(yǔ)言單位組成的結(jié)構(gòu)，其中前項(xiàng)與后項(xiàng)所指相同，句法功能相同。同位語(yǔ)從句由that引導(dǎo)，也可由whether初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)，how，why，where，when等來(lái)引導(dǎo)。例如：

1.She ignored the teacher's instruction that she must study hard．

2.The question whether or not I should help him in such a case troubled me greatly．

第二篇：初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法歸納：定語(yǔ)從句

初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法歸納：定語(yǔ)從句一 名詞性從句:

1.主要包括主語(yǔ)從句,賓語(yǔ)從句,表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句.一般由that 引起,也可由who, what, when, why, which, whom, whether, how 引起.2.主語(yǔ)從句很多情況下都可以放到句子后面,而用代詞it作形式上的主語(yǔ).:

3.形式賓語(yǔ)

4.由名詞性關(guān)系代詞whatever, whoever, whichever 等引起的賓語(yǔ)從句

5.whether and if 都能引導(dǎo)從句, 但用法有所不同.當(dāng)主語(yǔ)從句直接位于句首時(shí),應(yīng)用whether,而不用if.Whether 后能直接or not, 但if 不能.Whether he will come or not is not known.6.在名詞reason后的表語(yǔ)從句必須用that引導(dǎo), 不可誤用 because.The reason why he is often late for class is that he has the bad habit of getting up late in the morning.二: 定語(yǔ)從句

1.引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞有who, whom, whose, that, when, where, why and which.在非限制定語(yǔ)從句中, 只可用which, who, whose, where , when., 如果指代前面整個(gè)句子, 多用which.2.當(dāng)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞前有all, any, no, little, much, very first 等詞, 或先行詞前為形容詞最高級(jí)所修飾時(shí),或先行詞為all, anything, nothing, something, everything 時(shí),從句的引導(dǎo)詞只能用that.3.as 可做引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句, 多和such, the same 連用.As 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句也可修飾整個(gè)句子, 既可放在先行詞后,也可放在句子開頭.4.介詞+which/whom/whose從句

5.代/名+介詞+which 從句

6.同位語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句

三、定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞

引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞，常見的關(guān)系代詞包括that，which，who(賓格whom，所有格whose)等，關(guān)系副詞包括where，when，why等。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞放在先行詞及定語(yǔ)從句之間起連接作用，同時(shí)又作定語(yǔ)從句的重要成分。

四、定語(yǔ)從句的分類

根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞的關(guān)系，定語(yǔ)從句可分為限制性定語(yǔ)從句及非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。限制性定語(yǔ)從句緊跟先行詞，主句與從句不用逗號(hào)分開，從句不可省去，非限制性定語(yǔ)從句主句與從句之間有逗號(hào)分開，起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。

五、關(guān)系代詞的用法

1.that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)不可省略，作賓語(yǔ)可省略。例如：

Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.瑪麗喜歡輕柔的音樂(lè)。(that作主語(yǔ))

The coat(that)I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是藍(lán)色的。(that作賓語(yǔ))

2.which用于指物，在句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，作主語(yǔ)不可省略，作賓語(yǔ)可省略。例如：

The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火車站附近的那座大樓是一家超市。(作主語(yǔ))

The film(which)we saw last night was wonderful.我們昨天晚上看的那部電影很好看。(作賓語(yǔ))

3.who，whom用于指人，who 用作主語(yǔ)，whom用作賓語(yǔ)。在口語(yǔ)中，有時(shí)可用who代替whom，也可省略。例如：

The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.經(jīng)常在英語(yǔ)方面幫助我的那個(gè)女孩是英國(guó)人。(作主語(yǔ))

Who is the teacher(whom)Li Ming is talking to? 正在與李明談話的老師是誰(shuí)?(作賓語(yǔ))

注意：(1)當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句中含有介詞，介詞放在句末時(shí)，who，that，which可省略，但介詞在關(guān)系代詞前時(shí)，只能用“介詞+which/whom”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：

This is the house in which we lived last year.這是我們?nèi)ツ昃幼〉姆孔印?/p>

Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.請(qǐng)告訴我你從誰(shuí)那借的這本英文小說(shuō)。

(2)含有介詞的固定動(dòng)詞詞組中，介詞不可前置，只能放在原來(lái)的位置上。例如：

This is the person whom you are looking for.這就是你要找的那個(gè)人。

(3)that 作介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，介詞不能放它的前面，只能放在從句中動(dòng)詞的后面。例如：

The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常遠(yuǎn)。

(4)關(guān)系詞只能用that的情況：

a.先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)所修飾，或本身是序數(shù)詞、基數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí)，只能用that，而不用which.例如：

He was the first person that passed the exam.他是第一個(gè)通過(guò)考試的人。

b.被修飾的先行詞為all，any，much，many，everything，anything，none，the one等不定代詞時(shí)，只能用that，而不用which.例如：

Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop? 你在商店里有什么東西要買嗎?

c.先行詞被the only，the very，the same，the last，little，few 等詞修飾時(shí)，只能用that，而不用which.例如：

This is the same bike that I lost.這就是我丟的那輛自行車。

d.先行詞里同時(shí)含有人或物時(shí)，只能用that，而不用which.例如：

I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚記得我在那個(gè)房間所見到的人和一些照片。

e.以who或which引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問(wèn)句，為避免重復(fù)，只能用that.例如：

Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那個(gè)女孩是誰(shuí)?

f.主句是there be 結(jié)構(gòu)，修飾主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)從句用that，而不用which.例如：

There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.桌子上那本書是湯姆的。

(5)關(guān)系詞只能用which，而不用that 的情況：

a.先行詞為that，those時(shí)，用which，而不用that.例如：

What’s that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些東西是什么?

b.關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí)，一般用which，而不用that.例如：

This is the room in which he lives.這是他居住的房間。

c.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，用which，而不用that.例如：

Tom came back，which made us happy.湯姆回來(lái)了，這使我們很高興。

五、關(guān)系副詞的用法

(1)when指時(shí)間，其先行詞表示時(shí)間，在句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。例如：

This was the time when he arrived.這是他到達(dá)的時(shí)間。

(2)where指地點(diǎn)，其先行詞表示地點(diǎn)，在句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。例如：

This is place where he works.這是他工作的地點(diǎn)。

(3)why 指原因，其先行詞是原因，起原因狀語(yǔ)作用。例如：

Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.沒(méi)人知道他為什么上學(xué)總遲到。

第三篇：初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法---狀語(yǔ)從句小結(jié)

初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法---狀語(yǔ)從句小結(jié)

狀語(yǔ)從句是一種作狀語(yǔ)用的從句，修飾主句的動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或修飾全句，補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、條件、方式、程度、狀態(tài)等。根據(jù)它表達(dá)的意思的不同，可分為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句、原因狀語(yǔ)從句、條件狀語(yǔ)從句、比較狀語(yǔ)從句、目的狀語(yǔ)從句、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句等。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句、條件狀語(yǔ)從句、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句、原因狀語(yǔ)從句都是中考的重點(diǎn)。

一、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句

時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句表示主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞有when, as, while, before, after, as soon as, till, until, since等。

until 用于肯定句中，表示句子的動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到until短語(yǔ)所表示的時(shí)間為止，即表示動(dòng)作的終點(diǎn)。一般可譯為“直到……時(shí)(為止)”或“在……以前”。在這種用法中，句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須是持續(xù)動(dòng)詞(非瞬間動(dòng)詞)，如live, wait, last, love, like, stay, work, continue等。until用于否定句中，表示句子的動(dòng)作直到until短語(yǔ)所表示的時(shí)間才開始發(fā)生，即表示動(dòng)作的起點(diǎn)。一般譯為“直到……才”或“直到……之前(……還不)”

eg.It may last until Friday.這可能要延續(xù)到星期五。

用于否定句中：

eg.The secret was never told until after the old man's death.這個(gè)秘密在老人去世后才說(shuō)出來(lái)。

連詞until

以同樣的方式分析作連詞的until的用法。作連詞用的until的英文釋義是up to the time when(直到……時(shí)為止)。

作連詞的until用于肯定句中，表示主句的動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到從句動(dòng)作發(fā)生或狀態(tài)出現(xiàn)時(shí)為止。一般可譯為“……直到……為止”。在這種用法中，主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須是持續(xù)動(dòng)詞(非瞬間動(dòng)詞)，如live, wait , last, love, like, stay, work, continue 等。

eg.Heat can be conducted from a hot body to a cooler one until both are at the same temperature.熱可以從一個(gè)熱的物體傳到一個(gè)較冷的物體，直到兩者溫度相同為止。

作連詞的until用于否定句中 , 表示主句的動(dòng)作在從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生之前尚未發(fā)生，或者說(shuō)主句的動(dòng)作在從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生之后才開始。一般可譯為“直到……才”。

eg.I hadn't realized she was foreign until she spoke.她不說(shuō)話我還一直不知道她是個(gè)外國(guó)人。

since作連詞引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的用法：

一、若since引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是終止性的過(guò)去時(shí)，則從句表示的時(shí)間是“從動(dòng)作開始的那一時(shí)刻起”。如：

eg.He has studied very hard since he came to our school.自從他來(lái)到我們學(xué)校，他學(xué)習(xí)就非常努力。

二、若since引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去時(shí)時(shí)，則從句表示的時(shí)間是“從那持續(xù)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)結(jié)束時(shí)算起”。

eg.I haven't heard any noise since I slept.Sleep為持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，sleep的動(dòng)作結(jié)束時(shí)，即“醒來(lái)”時(shí)，這句應(yīng)譯為“我醒后還未聽到任何聲音”。

John is now with his parents in New York, it is already three years since he was a teacher.約翰現(xiàn)在和父母一起住在紐約，他不當(dāng)教師已經(jīng)三年了。

while表示“正當(dāng) …… 時(shí)”；(指同時(shí))用于同時(shí)進(jìn)行的兩延續(xù)性動(dòng)作相伴隨而發(fā)生，常對(duì)同類的兩動(dòng)作進(jìn)行對(duì)比。

eg.Please write while I read.我念的時(shí)候，請(qǐng)寫下來(lái)。

when表示“當(dāng) …….時(shí)：可表示瞬間、時(shí)間段，與主從句所述動(dòng)作、事情可同時(shí)，也可有先后。例：

eg.It was snowing when we got to the airport.我們到達(dá)機(jī)場(chǎng)時(shí)，天正下著雪。(同時(shí)發(fā)生)。

as當(dāng)…時(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)at the same time

① 不指先后，而指同時(shí)發(fā)生，尤指短動(dòng)作或事件同時(shí)發(fā)生，eg.I looked;someone came here.正當(dāng)我看的時(shí)候，有個(gè)人走過(guò)來(lái)。

② as不可說(shuō)明兩種正在發(fā)展或變化的情況。

eg.As I get older, I get more optimistic.隨著年齡變大我變得更加樂(lè)觀。

as、when、while都可引導(dǎo)時(shí)間較長(zhǎng)的同時(shí)發(fā)生的“背景”情況。

eg.As(when, while)I was walking down the street, I noticed a police car in front of a shop.當(dāng)我順著馬路往前走的時(shí)候，我發(fā)現(xiàn)一家商店前停著一輛警車。

注意：1.在以as soon as, until, when等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，而主句用將來(lái)時(shí)。

2.since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，主句常用完成時(shí)，并且動(dòng)詞用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。

二、條件狀語(yǔ)從句

條件狀語(yǔ)從句表示主句動(dòng)作發(fā)出的前提或條件、假想、推測(cè)等，條件狀語(yǔ)從句通常由連詞if, unless等引導(dǎo)。

eg.I'll help you with your English if I am free tomorrow.如果我明天有空，我就幫你學(xué)英語(yǔ)。

He won't be late unless he is ill.他不會(huì)遲到的，除非他生病了。

注意：在if, unless等詞引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句，主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般將來(lái)時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)的含義。

三、目的狀語(yǔ)從句

目的狀語(yǔ)從句表示主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的目的或愿望，可用so that, that, in order that等詞引導(dǎo)。

目的狀語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中常有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞may/might, can/could, should或will/would.eg.He visited London in order that he could see his parents.＝He visited London so that he could see his parents.為了看望父母他來(lái)到了倫敦。

School was closed early in order that the children might get home ahead of the storm.學(xué)校早放學(xué)，為的是讓孩子們?cè)诒╋L(fēng)雨前到家。

四、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句

結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句表示主句的動(dòng)作所引起的結(jié)果，可以用so…that, such…that等引導(dǎo)。

eg.The burglar wore gloves, so that there were no fingerprints found.竊賊帶著手套，所以沒(méi)有發(fā)現(xiàn)指紋。

He spoke so quickly that only a few students could follow him.他講話太快，只有幾個(gè)學(xué)生能聽懂。

The house is so expensive that very few people can afford it.房子價(jià)格太貴，很少有人買得起。

He was so good a runner that nobody could catch him.他是跑步的能手，沒(méi)人能趕上他。

It is such a good chance that we mustn't miss it.如此好的機(jī)會(huì)我們絕不能錯(cuò)過(guò)。

It is such nice weather that I don't like to stay at home.天氣這么好，我不愿呆在家里。

辨析：so…that和such…that

so…that和such…that的意思均為“如此……以致……”，都用來(lái)引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。但二者用法不盡相同，現(xiàn)歸納如下：

1.so…that結(jié)構(gòu)中的so為副詞，后面跟形容詞或副詞；such…that中的such為形容詞，后面接名詞(名詞前可以有形容詞修飾)。

eg.He became so angry that he couldn't speak.他變得很生氣，以致說(shuō)不出話來(lái)。

It was such a fine day that we went out for a walk.那是一個(gè)很晴朗的日子，我們出去散步。

2.當(dāng)that前的名詞有表示數(shù)量多少的many, much, few, little等修飾時(shí)，只能用so，不能用such.eg.There was so much noise outside that we couldn't hear the teacher.外面嘈雜聲很大，以致我們不能聽到老師的話。

He had so many falls that he was black and blue all over.他跌了這么多的跤，以致全身青一塊、紫一塊的。

注意：若名詞前的little解釋為“小(的)”意思時(shí)，則仍用such, 而不能用so.eg.They are such little sheep that they can't run fast.它們是小綿羊，以至于它們跑得不快。

3.當(dāng)that前是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞且該名詞前面有形容詞修飾時(shí)，so與such可以互換，即：so＋adj.＋a/an＋n.＝such＋a/an＋adj.＋n.eg.She is so good a teacher that we all love her.＝She is such a good teacher that we all love her.她是一位好老師，我們都愛她。

4.當(dāng)that前是不可數(shù)名詞或復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，則必須用such，不能用so來(lái)代替。

eg.It was such fine weather that they all went swimming.那是個(gè)好天氣，他們都去游泳了。

They are such nice apples that we would like to eat them.它們是如此好的蘋果，以致我們想吃它們。

五、原因狀語(yǔ)從句

原因狀語(yǔ)從句由because, as, for, since等引導(dǎo)。

eg.We couldn't walk very fast because the road was very slippery.因?yàn)槁坊覀冏卟豢臁s she's been ill, perhaps she'll need some help.她由于生病可能需要些幫助。

Since you're not interested, I won't tell you about it.既然你不感興趣，那我就不告訴你。

辨析：because, since, as和for

1.because語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)，表示直接原因，可用于回答 why 提出的問(wèn)題、引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句、用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句等，而其余三者均不行。

eg.“Why didn't he come?” “Because he was ill.” “他為什么沒(méi)來(lái)?”“因?yàn)樗×?。?/p>

My stomach hurts because I have eaten too many apples.我肚子痛，因?yàn)樘O果吃得太多。

That's because you can't appreciate music.這是因?yàn)槟悴荒苄蕾p音樂(lè)。

It is because he is honest that I like him.是因?yàn)樗\(chéng)實(shí)我才喜歡他。

2.since語(yǔ)氣較弱，指雙方都明確的原因或眾所周知的原因，譯為“既然”，側(cè)重主句，從句表示顯然的或已知的理由。

eg.Since you don't like it, I'll put it away.既然你不喜歡，我就把它放在一邊。

Since you are wrong, you should apologize.你既然錯(cuò)了，就應(yīng)該道歉。

3.as “由于，鑒于”，指客觀事實(shí)，常與since互換使用。

eg.As there was no answer, I wrote again.鑒于沒(méi)回復(fù)，我又寫了一封信。

As you weren't there, I left a message.由于你不在那兒，我留了個(gè)口信。

4.for 是并列連詞，不說(shuō)明直接原因而是對(duì)某種情況加以推斷，其引導(dǎo)的分句前常有逗號(hào)。

eg.He must be ill, for he is absent today.他一定是生病了，因?yàn)樗裉鞗](méi)來(lái)。

He took the food eagerly, for he has eaten nothing since dawn.他狼吞虎咽地吃了起來(lái)，因?yàn)樗麖奶炝炼紱](méi)吃過(guò)東西。

六、比較狀語(yǔ)從句

常由than, as…as…, not as(so)…as等連詞引導(dǎo)。eg.John is taller than his brother.約翰比他的弟弟高。I'm as tall as you.我和你一樣高。

He doesn't pay as much tax as we do/ as us.他沒(méi)有我們交的稅款多。

七、方式狀語(yǔ)從句

常由as, as if(as though)等連詞引導(dǎo)。

eg.Leave it as it is.保持原狀，別動(dòng)它。

Do it as I do it.照我的樣子做這件事。

He treats me as if/ as though I were a child.他把我當(dāng)小孩子一樣來(lái)對(duì)待。

They completely ignore the fact as if/ as though it never existed.他們完全忽略了這個(gè)事實(shí)，就仿佛它不存在似的。

八、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句

常由though(although)等連詞引導(dǎo)。

eg.Although it was cold, he went out without a coat.盡管天氣很冷，他沒(méi)有穿大衣就出去了。

Though they are poor, they have enough to eat.他們雖然很窮，食物還是夠吃的。

典型例題：

1.I________ the CDs to you if I have time tomorrow.A.will return B.returned

C.have returned

D.return

解析：考查狀語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)。在if條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，主句用將來(lái)時(shí)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故選A。

2.－Dick gave me a note while I________ in the library.－I guess he made it to say“sorry”to you.A.am reading

B.was reading

C.reads

D.will read

解析：主句使用了一般過(guò)去時(shí)，時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句也應(yīng)使用過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài)，這里應(yīng)使用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生。下句I guess he made it to say“sorry”to you.也為解題提供了很好的提示。故選B。

3.－Look!Here comes our school bus.－No hurry.Don't get on it________ it has stopped.A.until

B.after

C.since

D.when

解析：考查時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。句意為“看！我們的校車來(lái)了。”“別急。等車停穩(wěn)再上去吧?！边xA，not…until直到……才，是固定搭配。

4.I didn't know he came back________ I met him in the street.A.since

B.when

C.until

D.After 解析：考查時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。句意為：直到在街上見到他，我才知道他回來(lái)了。not…until是固定結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“直到……才”。故選C。

5.I'll do it better if the teacher________ me another chance.A.give

B.gives

C.gave

D.will give

解析：考查狀語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)。if引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句一般遵循“主將從現(xiàn)”的規(guī)則，故選B。

6.When I went to say goodbye to Anna, she________ the piano.A.is playing

B.plays

C.was playing

D.played

解析：When引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句使用了一般過(guò)去時(shí)，主句也應(yīng)使用過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài)，這里表示動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生（她正在彈鋼琴），用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，這能使描寫的對(duì)象更加生動(dòng)。故選C。

7.I have been trying my best to study English________ I want to have a chance to be a volunteer for the Beijing Olympics.A.until

B.because

C.though

解析：考查原因狀語(yǔ)從句。I want to have a chance to be a volunteer for the Beijing Olympics.（我想有機(jī)會(huì)成為一名北京奧運(yùn)會(huì)的志愿者）與I have been trying my best to study English（我一直在竭盡全力學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)）構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系，故選B。

8.－How was your climbing on Mount Tai？

－I didn't believe I could do it________ I got to the top.A.until

B.unless

C.after

D.when

解析：考查時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。not…until“直到……才”是固定句式。句意為“你爬泰山的感受是什么？”“我簡(jiǎn)直難以置信，直到登上山頂”。

9.－Look at the noisy kids!

－Haven't you heard the saying“When the cat is away, the mice________.”?

A.play

B.played

C.are playing

D.will play

解析：考查含有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的主句的時(shí)態(tài)。規(guī)律是：“主將從現(xiàn)”，即從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主句用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。故選D?！癢hen the cat is away, the mice will play.”（相當(dāng)于“山中無(wú)老虎，猴子稱大王。”）

10.He met many problems________ he was going over his lessons.A.before

B.as soon as

C.since

D.while

解析：考查時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中連詞的選用。要從意義和句子邏輯兩方面考慮。與as和when相比，敘述兩個(gè)較長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的動(dòng)作，特別是提供“背景”的時(shí)間更長(zhǎng)時(shí)，常用while，故選D。句意為“他在復(fù)習(xí)功課時(shí)碰到了許多問(wèn)題。”

語(yǔ)法專練：

一、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、條件、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句練習(xí)

1.People behind you will be unhappy ________ you talk too long on the phone.A.as

B.for

C.if

2.________ you don't go to see the doctor, ________ you'll be worse.A.If;/

B.If;and

C.If;or

3.Mother was busy cooking in the kitchen ________ father was watching TV in the sitting room.A.as

B.when

C.while

4.Don't leave the office________ I come back.A.when

B.if

C.until

5.I didn't go to bed________ all the TV programmes were over.A.until

B.when

C.after

6.There are usually some people watching________ those retired workers play chess.A.which

B.where

C.as

7.________ it was raining, ________ we went on with our sports meeting.A.Though;/

B.Though;but

C./;but

8.I reached the station________ the train had just moved.A.until

B.after

C.as soon as

9.The mouse had run into the hole________ the cat could catch it.A.before

B.after

C.as soon as

10.The baby stopped crying________ he saw his mother.A.until

B.as soon as

C.then

二、原因、比較、目的、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句練習(xí)。用所給的關(guān)聯(lián)詞將簡(jiǎn)單句連接成復(fù)合句。1.He didn't pass the exam.He hadn't gone over his lessons.（because）2.You can buy the dictionary.You have got enough money.（since）

3.You have seen the film twice.You can give the ticket to your brother.（now that）4.It was a long letter.It took her more than two hours to type it.（such…that）

5.I called out to him in a loud voice.He heard me on the other side of the street.（so that）6.Lily sings well.Linda sings well, too.（as…as）

7.Jim looks weak.His brother Tim looks even weaker.（than）

8.Mr.and Mrs.Smith work hard.They want to send their son to college.（in order that）9.I'll give you some more examples.You can learn how to use this expression.（so that）10.He ran very fast.Nobody in our class could catch up with him.（so…that）

三、句型轉(zhuǎn)換

1.The students were reading books.The teacher came into the room.（合并為一個(gè)含有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句）

________________________________________________

2.After the mother came back, the little girl went to bed.（改為同義句）

The little girl________ ________ to bed________ the mother cam back.3.Jane and Kate are of the same age.（改為同義句）

Jane is________ ________ ________ Kate.4.Study hard, and you'll catch up with your classmates.（改為同義句）

________ you ________ study hard, you ________ catch up with your classmates.5.There are many rabbits in the filed in Australia.The farmers can't kill them all.（改為同義句）

There are ________ many rabbits in the filed in Australia________ farmers can't kill them all.6.The boy is so lazy that he does badly in all his lessons.（改為同義句）

He is ________ a________ boy ________ he does badly in all his lessons.7.If he isn't ill, he won't be late.（改為同義句）

He won't be late________ he is ill.8.He visited London to see his parents.（改為復(fù)合句）

He visited London ________ ________ ________ he could see his parents.9.I will try it;I may fail.（改寫為讓步狀語(yǔ)從句）

I will try it, ________ ________ I may fail.10.Without your help, I can't finish the work on time.（改為同義句）

________ you ________ help me, I can't finish the work on time.四、完形填空

Have you ever heard of the satellite called Early Bird which was built by an organization consisting of 16 countries? Now dozens of satellites 1_____ into space, and they help people in many ways.You can speak to people on 2_____ side of the world over the telephone 3_____ the help of satellites.They can help take photos of Earth and produce maps.Some pictures 4_____ by satellites show us the exact places where different metals can be found.They can also 5_____ the differences between healthy plants and poor ones.This is a great help to the scientists 6_____ work in forests.Satellites benefit our daily life.For example, satellites for 7_____ are used to send radio and TV programs from one part of the world to another.It is satellites that make our world seem 8_____.A number of research stations have been set up to study outer space.In the past, it was difficult 9_____ the scientists to get a clear picture of the dusty air, while satellites make it easier now.They are being used more and more to collect information about space, just like 10_____ between space and us.1.A.has put

B.have put

C.has been put

D.have been put

2.A.other

B.both

C.neither

D.the other

3.A.with

B.in

C.by

D.at

4.A.take

B.takes

C.taking

D.taken

5.A.say

B.speak

C.tell

D.read A.which

B.who

C.where

D.what

7.A.weather

B.army

C.industry

D.broadcasting

8.A.cleaner

B.smaller

C.larger

D.farther

9.A.for

B.of

C.with

D.by

10.A.lines

B.lights

C.bridges

D.ropes

五、閱讀理解

They British Museum is the biggest museum in the world.Inside you feel smaller than usual.The story of the British Museum goes back three hundred years to one unusual man.Sir Hans Sloane, a doctor to King George Ⅱ.The doctor collected books, drawings, clothes, money, animals, flowers, things from all over the world.The doctor wanted everything to stay together when he died, so that people could come and have a look.The British Museum began.King George Ⅱ gave his library, and the museum started to grow.The British Museum opened in 1759, six years after Sir Hans Sloane died.At first the museum was only open three days a week and only ten people could enter in an hour.There wasn't much time to see things.Visitors had to run through the rooms.By about 1800, things began to get better.Wonderful statues（雕像）, three thousand years old, arrived from Egypt.George IV sold all his books to the museum secretly.A hundred years ago, not only old books but also new ones arrived at the museum, and more people came to read them.Since then many famous men have written and studied there.And the library is growing faster and faster.There are four kilometers of new shelves every year and there are about two million visitors every year.1.Sir Hans Sloane was interested in_____.A.collecting all kinds of books B.collecting all kinds of drawings C.collecting all kinds of money D.collecting all kinds of things

2.When you go inside the British Museum, you feel smaller than usual because_____.A.the museum is empty

B.the museum is very big

C.there are too many things in it

D.you are too small

3.Sir Hans Sloane died_____.A.in 17

53B.in 1759

C.in 1765

D.in 1800

4.At first, the visitors had to run through the museum because_____.A.there were only several things to see B.the museum was the biggest one in the world C.they were not interested in the things in it D.they had only one hour to see all the things in it 5.The passage is mainly about_____.A.Sir Hans Sloane

B.George Ⅱ

C.the history of the British Museum D.the books of the museum

答案與解析：

一、1.C 本句用從屬連詞if引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。本句如果使用as引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句或用for連接并列句，句子時(shí)態(tài)要調(diào)整：People behind you are unhappy as you have talked too long on the phone.People behind you are unhappy, for you have talked too long on the phone.2.A if用來(lái)連接條件狀語(yǔ)從句，and或or用來(lái)連接并列句，所以用if就不能用后兩個(gè)并列連詞。

3.C while在這兒連接一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，表示與主句同時(shí)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。

4.C “not…until…”句型表示“不到……就不（要）……”或“直到……才……”。

5.C 本句的最佳答案是after，而until不能使用，除非將主句改為否定句：I didn't go to bed until all the TV programmes were over.6.B 本句中用where引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句。

7.A though與but不能并用；可只用but，但句子開頭須大寫。

8.B after引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，明確表示從句動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作先于主句動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作。

9.A before引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，明確表示主句動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作先于從句動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作。

10.B as soon as引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，表示從句動(dòng)作一發(fā)生，主句動(dòng)作即發(fā)生。由于兩個(gè)動(dòng)作連接緊密，所以從句中不一定要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。

二、1.He didn't pass the exam because he hadn't gone over his lessons.用because引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句置主句之后。

2.Since you have got enough money, you can buy the dictionary.用since引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句表示說(shuō)話雙方都知悉的原因。

3.Now that you have seen the film twice, you can give the ticket to your brother.Now that引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句，表示“既然……”。

4.It was such a long letter that it took her more than two hours to type it.such后往往跟名詞或名詞性詞組，和that連接表示結(jié)果。

5.I called out to him in a loud voice so that he heard me on the other side of the street.so that在本句中引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。

6.Linda sings as well as Lily.“as＋副詞原級(jí)＋as”表示兩者程度相同。

7.Jim's brother Tim looks even weaker than he（looks weak）.than引導(dǎo)一個(gè)省略了謂語(yǔ)部分的比較狀語(yǔ)從句。

8.Mr.and Mrs.Smith work hard in order that they may send their son to college.“in order that”引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句。

9.I'll give you some more examples so that you can learn how to use this expression.“so that”在本句中引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句。

10.He ran so fast that nobody in our class could catch up with him.“so…that…”引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。

三、句型轉(zhuǎn)換

1.The students were reading books when the teacher came into the room.2.didn't go;until/ before/ till 3.as old as 4.If;don't;won't 5.so;that 6.such;lazy;that 7.unless 8.in order that 9.even though

10.If;don't

四、完形填空

1.D 本句使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

2.D 由名詞side判斷，應(yīng)排除B項(xiàng)；C項(xiàng)表否定，不合題意；表示特指就用定冠詞the, the other side of the world意為“世界的另一端”，故選D。

3.A with the help of為固定短語(yǔ)，意為“在……幫助下”。

4.D 過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)。some pictures taken by satellites“被衛(wèi)星拍的圖片”。

5.C tell在此意為“區(qū)分，辨別”，其他選項(xiàng)不合文意。

6.B 本句使用定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為人，故使用關(guān)系詞who.7.D broadcasting意為“廣播”。

8.B 由句意可知“衛(wèi)星使我們的世界似乎變小了”。

9.A “對(duì)于某人來(lái)講”用介詞for.10.C “衛(wèi)星好像是太空和我們之間的橋梁”。

五、閱讀理解

1.D 由短文第三段第一句“The doctor collected books, drawings, clothes, money, animals, flowers, things from all over the world.”可知，他收集各種各樣的東西。

2.B 由短文第一句可知。

3.A 由短文第四段第一句可知，博物館是在Sir Hans Sloane去世六年后開業(yè)的，而開業(yè)是在1759年，應(yīng)減去六年即1753年去世的。

4.D 由短文第四段可知，初進(jìn)博物館一次只允許10個(gè)人進(jìn)入1小時(shí)，時(shí)間緊，游人不得不跑。

5.C 本文主要講述英國(guó)博物館的歷史。

第四篇：初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法賓語(yǔ)從句試講教案

賓語(yǔ)從句教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)

一、導(dǎo)入

1.復(fù)習(xí)什么是賓語(yǔ)。動(dòng)詞/介詞后面的名詞就是賓語(yǔ)。

I play basketball.We are talking about our homework..2.賓語(yǔ)從句就是在賓語(yǔ)的位置上放一個(gè)完整的句子。3.I love that I can earn some coupons.板書：He knows me.He knows what’s wrong with his wife.說(shuō)出2個(gè)句子的賓語(yǔ)。

第一個(gè)句子的賓語(yǔ)是一個(gè)詞構(gòu)成的，第二個(gè)句子的賓語(yǔ)是一個(gè)句子，我們稱這種做賓語(yǔ)的句子叫賓語(yǔ)從句。在句子中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)的從句叫賓語(yǔ)從句。其中 he knows 叫主句，what’s wrong with him是從句。

說(shuō)出下面4個(gè)句子的主句和從句。

A．He said that he had a very good journey home.B．He asked if /whether they had come.C．He told me that the earth goes around the sun.D．He asked me how he could get to the nearest post office.總結(jié)：。是主句，剩下的是由that，if，how引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。

初步認(rèn)識(shí)了賓語(yǔ)從句，下面我們開始了解賓語(yǔ)從句的三要素 引導(dǎo)詞（連接詞）語(yǔ)序 時(shí)態(tài)

1)從屬連詞that引導(dǎo)陳述句賓語(yǔ)從句，在口語(yǔ)或者非正式語(yǔ)中可以被省略

比如上面四句話中的A,C就是that引導(dǎo)的陳述句的賓語(yǔ)從句。如果省略掉that，該如何修改。（讓學(xué)生口頭修改）

A．He said that he had a very good journey home.C．He told me that the earth goes around the sun.2）由從屬連詞 whether, if 引導(dǎo)一般疑問(wèn)句的賓語(yǔ)從句，表示“是否”，比如上面的B就是由if引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，B．He asked if /whether they had come.3）由連接代詞

who,whom,whose,which,what, whoever, whichever, whatever 和連接副詞 where, how, why,when引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句

代詞或副詞連接主句和從句，并在從句中擔(dān)任句子成分，具有一定的意義，不可省略，比如上面的D。

D．He asked me how he could get to the nearest post office.注意：關(guān)于是否if/whether.Whether,if 引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句：兩詞可互換，但是下列情形除外：

1)．whether從句中有or not

Eg:Whether rain or not we will go to the park.2)．whether從句做介詞賓語(yǔ)

3)whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以.4)在不定式前只能用whether.（如：I can’t decide whether to stay.我不能決定是否留下。）

5)避免歧異時(shí)，我們常用whether而不用if.6)decide 后邊的賓語(yǔ)從句要用whether.Paper課堂

1.I asked her __________ she had a bike.2.We’re worried about ________ he is safe.3.I don’t know ________ or not he is well.繼續(xù)觀察上面的四句話，請(qǐng)問(wèn)賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序有什么特點(diǎn)？（陳述句語(yǔ)序）不管原來(lái)的句子是陳述句，一般疑問(wèn)句還是特殊疑問(wèn)句，放在賓語(yǔ)從句里都是陳述句語(yǔ)序。

（板書）改寫賓語(yǔ)從句。陳述句Doctor Li is very patient.It is well-known that _____.一般疑問(wèn)句Is Doctor Li very patient? John wants to know __________(用if或者whether引導(dǎo))

練習(xí)

Part 1 課堂練習(xí)

Mike gets up at seven in the morning.He says that---Mike gets up at seven in the morning

The teacher asks--if Mike gets up at seven in the morning.我們已經(jīng)了解了賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞和語(yǔ)序，下面我們來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)下賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)。

（卡片，貼在上面時(shí)態(tài)的旁邊）口訣：主現(xiàn)從任意

主過(guò)從過(guò)去 從真理用現(xiàn)在

一張paper發(fā) 朗讀并且分析主句從句的時(shí)態(tài) ? 主句用現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句可用任意時(shí)態(tài)?？蓺w納為“主現(xiàn)從任意”

Do you know what time the ship leaves? Do you know when John was born? Do you know if John has passed his exams? ? 主句用過(guò)去時(shí)，從句用過(guò)去的某個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)。可歸納為“主過(guò)從過(guò)去”

He said he had a very good journey home.He asked if they had come.3．主句用過(guò)去時(shí)，從句是科學(xué)真理、客觀常識(shí)、名人格言時(shí)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

He told me that the earth goes around the sun.(自然真理客觀現(xiàn)象)He didn’t know that summer comes after spring when he was five years old.注意：4情態(tài)動(dòng)詞could/would用于，“請(qǐng)求”，表示委婉、客氣的語(yǔ)氣時(shí)，從句不受主句的約束。

Could you tell me where I can buy a pencil sharpener?

5主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，從句中有具體的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，即使從句動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作前，仍用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。

? The teacher told me she was born in 1960.? I heard that he went to Paris last night.賓語(yǔ)從句的一些特殊句式

? 1動(dòng)詞think, find, consider, believe, feel, make等后it為形式賓語(yǔ)，后跟名詞或形容詞作賓補(bǔ)，而真正的賓語(yǔ)——that從句則放在句尾）We think it our duty that we should help others.I find it impossible that he should finish the work in two days.2.否定轉(zhuǎn)移

若主句主語(yǔ)為第一人稱且謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, guess, imagine等，其后的賓語(yǔ)從句含有否定意義，一般要把否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句謂語(yǔ)上，從句謂語(yǔ)用肯定式。

I think he won’t come here.（）I don’t think he will come here.（）

2.當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞正好做主語(yǔ)的時(shí)候，語(yǔ)序不變，比如常用的what和who Could you tell me who knows the answer，please？ The small children don't know what is in their stockings What’s wrong?（what was wrong）

What’s the matter?（what was the matter）

What’s happening? What happened? eg:

I don’t know what’s the matter.I don’t know what the matter is.(F)

Can you tell me who is over there?（who做主語(yǔ)）Can you tell me who he is ?（who做表語(yǔ)）連接詞

語(yǔ)序

引導(dǎo)詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ) 時(shí)態(tài)

二、知識(shí)點(diǎn)講解

1.語(yǔ)序問(wèn)題——從句是陳述句語(yǔ)序（在講課的時(shí)候，例句和配題都要反復(fù)重復(fù)這個(gè)原則）

什么是陳述句語(yǔ)序？就是主語(yǔ)在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞前面。⑴ 引導(dǎo)詞為that/whether/if 的從句

That 在句子中只做連接作用，沒(méi)有實(shí)際意義

Whether 和 if 都表示“是否”的意義，區(qū)別是whether后面能加or not 而if 不能。例句1：

I want to know whether Mike will come with you or not.陳述句語(yǔ)序！I want to know that Mike is good at English or math.陳述句語(yǔ)序！

⑵ 引導(dǎo)詞為wh系列特殊疑問(wèn)詞（what which when where why who/whom）+how 例句2：

Do you know what lily’s phone number is.陳述句語(yǔ)序！

I wondered what you were doing at this time yesterday.陳述句語(yǔ)序！Marry asked me when we would take part in the competition.2.時(shí)態(tài)問(wèn)題

⑴觀察例句1和2中的句子，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)主句為現(xiàn)在時(shí)（一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)），從句的時(shí)態(tài)隨便選。“你的時(shí)態(tài)你做主” 例句1：

P85/3(2010 北京)Do you know _____ the capital museum?（主現(xiàn)從隨便）Next Friday.-----時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作發(fā)生在將來(lái)。A when will they visit B when they will visit C when did they visit D when they visited [分析] 如何判斷題目考察的點(diǎn)就是賓語(yǔ)從句？ ①分析題干和選項(xiàng)。

當(dāng)題干開空的前面是動(dòng)詞，常見的有tell know

ask并且選項(xiàng)都是由特殊疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo) 6 的一個(gè)完整的句子的時(shí)候，多為考查賓語(yǔ)從句。

②判斷語(yǔ)序，陳述句語(yǔ)序。

選項(xiàng)設(shè)計(jì)一般為兩個(gè)錯(cuò)誤時(shí)態(tài)和兩個(gè)錯(cuò)誤語(yǔ)序。不管時(shí)態(tài)先看語(yǔ)序。排除疑問(wèn)句語(yǔ)序。

（對(duì)于基礎(chǔ)比較差的學(xué)生，不明白什么是疑問(wèn)句語(yǔ)序，就告訴學(xué)生，看到以下助動(dòng)詞后面是人稱代詞就是錯(cuò)誤的。）

Is/are/am/was/were + I/we/you/they等人稱代詞

錯(cuò)誤 Has/have/did/will/shall/should + 人稱代詞

錯(cuò)誤

分析時(shí)態(tài)：主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句的時(shí)態(tài)“你的時(shí)態(tài)你做主”?！獙?lái)時(shí)態(tài)。

⑵ 當(dāng)主句的時(shí)態(tài)是過(guò)去的某個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)（一般過(guò)去，過(guò)去進(jìn)行，過(guò)去完成，過(guò)去將來(lái)），從句必須只能用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。

注意：當(dāng)從句陳述的是某個(gè)客觀事實(shí)或者真理的時(shí)候，無(wú)論主句是何時(shí)態(tài)，從句都只用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。例句：

He told me he would go to Canada.(主過(guò)從過(guò))

三、總結(jié)

在這節(jié)課下課之后，要讓學(xué)生們記住下面幾句話。① 陳述句語(yǔ)序

② 主現(xiàn)從隨便；主過(guò)從過(guò)；真理永遠(yuǎn)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。

賓語(yǔ)從句做題方法論：

① 賓語(yǔ)從句出題位置一般為單選題目最后一道，看到選項(xiàng)多為wh特殊疑問(wèn)詞+完整句，開空前多為tell know ask這樣的動(dòng)詞。② 觀察選項(xiàng)，排除錯(cuò)誤語(yǔ)序

③ 根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)和主句時(shí)態(tài)，選擇正確時(shí)態(tài)。

第五篇：初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法賓語(yǔ)從句試講教案

賓語(yǔ)從句教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)

一、導(dǎo)入

1.復(fù)習(xí)什么是賓語(yǔ)。動(dòng)詞/介詞后面的名詞就是賓語(yǔ)。

I play basketball.We are talking about our homework..2.賓語(yǔ)從句就是在賓語(yǔ)的位置上放一個(gè)完整的句子。3.I love that I can earn some coupons.板書：He knows me.He knows what’s wrong with his wife.說(shuō)出2個(gè)句子的賓語(yǔ)。

說(shuō)出2個(gè)句子的賓語(yǔ)是詞（詞組）還是句子。

第一個(gè)句子的賓語(yǔ)是一個(gè)詞構(gòu)成的，第二個(gè)句子的賓語(yǔ)是一個(gè)句子，我們稱這種做賓語(yǔ)的句子叫賓語(yǔ)從句。在句子中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)的從句叫賓語(yǔ)從句。其中 he knows 叫主句，what’s wrong with him是從句。

說(shuō)出下面4個(gè)句子的主句和從句。

A．He said that he had a very good journey home.B．He asked if /whether they had come.C．He told me that the earth goes around the sun.D．He asked me how he could get to the nearest post office.總結(jié)：。是主句，剩下的是由that，if，how引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。初步認(rèn)識(shí)了賓語(yǔ)從句，下面我們開始了解賓語(yǔ)從句的三要素 引導(dǎo)詞（連接詞）語(yǔ)序 時(shí)態(tài)

1)從屬連詞that引導(dǎo)陳述句賓語(yǔ)從句，在口語(yǔ)或者非正式語(yǔ)中可以被省略

比如上面四句話中的A,C就是that引導(dǎo)的陳述句的賓語(yǔ)從句。如果省略掉that，該如何修改。（讓學(xué)生口頭修改）

A．He said that he had a very good journey home.C．He told me that the earth goes around the sun.2）由從屬連詞 whether, if 引導(dǎo)一般疑問(wèn)句的賓語(yǔ)從句，表示“是否”，比如上面的B就是由if引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從 句，B．He asked if /whether they had come.3）由連接代詞

who,whom,whose,which,what, whoever, whichever, whatever 和連接副詞 where, how, why,when引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句

代詞或副詞連接主句和從句，并在從句中擔(dān)任句子成分，具有一定的意義，不可省略，比如上面的D。

D．He asked me how he could get to the nearest post office.注意：關(guān)于是否if/whether.Whether,if 引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句：兩詞可互換，但是下列情形除外：

1)．whether從句中有or not

2)．whether從句做介詞賓語(yǔ)

3)whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以.4)在不定式前只能用whether.（如：I can’t decide whether to stay.我不能決定是否留下。）

5)避免歧異時(shí)，我們常用whether而不用if.Paper課堂

1.I asked her __________ she had a bike.2.We’re worried about ________ he is safe.3.I don’t know ________ or not he is well.4.I don’t know _______ to go.繼續(xù)觀察上面的四句話，請(qǐng)問(wèn)賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序有什么特點(diǎn)？（陳述句語(yǔ)序）不管原來(lái)的句子是陳述句，一般疑問(wèn)句還是特殊疑問(wèn)句，放在賓語(yǔ)從句里都是陳述句語(yǔ)序。（板書）改寫賓語(yǔ)從句。陳述句Doctor Li is very patient.2

It is well-known that _____.一般疑問(wèn)句Is Doctor Li very patient? John wants to know __________(用if或者whether引導(dǎo))特殊疑問(wèn)句How is Doctor LI? John wants to know ____ 練習(xí)

Part 1 課堂練習(xí)（paper）

Mike gets up at seven in the morning.He says that---Mike gets up at seven in the morning

The teacher asks--if Mike gets up at seven in the morning..The teacher asks what time---Mike gets up in the morning.我們已經(jīng)了解了賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞和語(yǔ)序，下面我們來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)下賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)。（卡片，貼在上面時(shí)態(tài)的旁邊）口訣：主現(xiàn)從任意

主過(guò)從過(guò)去 從真理用現(xiàn)在 一張paper發(fā) 朗讀并且分析主句從句的時(shí)態(tài) ? 主句用現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句可用任意時(shí)態(tài)?？蓺w納為“主現(xiàn)從任意”

Do you know what time the ship leaves? Do you know when John was born? Do you know if John has passed his exams? ? 主句用過(guò)去時(shí)，從句用過(guò)去的某個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)?？蓺w納為“主過(guò)從過(guò)去”

He said he had a very good journey home.He asked if they had come.3．主句用過(guò)去時(shí)，從句是科學(xué)真理、客觀常識(shí)、名人格言時(shí)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

He told me that the earth goes around the sun.(自然真理客觀現(xiàn)象)He didn’t know that summer comes after spring when he was five years old.注意：4情態(tài)動(dòng)詞could/would用于，“請(qǐng)求”，表示委婉、客氣的語(yǔ)氣時(shí)，從句不受主句的約束。

Could you tell me where I can buy a pencil sharpener? 5主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，從句中有具體的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，即使從句動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作前，仍用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。

? ? The teacher told me she was born in 1960.I heard that he went to Paris last night.賓語(yǔ)從句的一些特殊句式

? 1動(dòng)詞think, find, consider, believe, feel, make等后it為形式賓語(yǔ)，后跟名詞或形容詞作賓補(bǔ)，而真正的賓語(yǔ)——that從句則放在句尾）

We think it our duty that we should help others.I find it impossible that he should finish the work in two days.2.否定轉(zhuǎn)移

若主句主語(yǔ)為第一人稱且謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, guess, imagine等，其后的賓語(yǔ)從句含有否定意義，一般要把否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句謂語(yǔ)上，從句謂語(yǔ)用肯定式。

I think he won’t come here.（）I don’t think he will come here.（）2.當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞正好做主語(yǔ)的時(shí)候，語(yǔ)序不變，比如常用的what和who Could you tell me who knows the answer，please？

The small children don't know what is in their stockings What’s wrong?（what was wrong）

What’s the matter?（what was the matter）

What’s happening? What happened? eg:

I don’t know what’s the matter.I don’t know what the matter is.(F)

Can you tell me who is over there?（who做主語(yǔ)）Can you tell me who he is ?（who做表語(yǔ)）