第一篇：高三英語語法練習-從句
連詞
一、知識網絡
并列連詞(but, yet, however, nevertheless, for, so, therefore, and, or, either…or…, neither…nor…, both…and…, as well as)
連詞 從屬連詞(when, while, as, before, after, until, till, whether, since, the moment, where, if, unless, suppose, supposing, providing, provided, as long as, in order that, so that, so, lest, because, since, so…that…, such…that, although/though, even though/if, than, than, like, as if/though)
二、方法指點
連詞分為并列連詞和從屬連詞兩大類。
并列連詞是連接主語與主語，謂語與謂語，句子與句子，分詞與分詞的詞，它要求前后兩部分有相同的形式和語法作用；而從屬連詞一般連接主句與從句，從句形式有名詞性從句，定語從句和狀語從句等
三、重點講解：
定義：用來連接詞、短語、從句與句子的詞叫連詞。連詞是一種虛詞，在句子中不重讀，不能獨立擔任句子成分。
Slow but sure.要慢而穩。（連接單詞）
We may be leaving today or tomorrow.我們可能今天或明天走。（連接詞與詞）
Now I must go or I shall be late for the party.我現在得走，否則晚會我就要遲到了。（連接句與句）
I went and she went also.我去了，她也去了。（連接分句）
（一）連接具有并列關系的詞、短語或句子的連詞叫并列連詞。根據其意義，并列連詞又可分為表示聯 合、轉折、選 擇和因果等四種關系的連詞。
1． 表示聯合關系的并列連詞: 表示聯合關系的并列連詞有：and(和)，both…and…(既……又……)，neither…nor…(既不….y也不….)，not only…but also….(不但…..而且…..)，as well as(除….外，也…..)，如： I am a teacher and he is a doctor.He has experience as well as knowledge.(He has not only knowledge but also experience.)Neither I nor he has seen the film.2． 表示轉折關系的并列連詞: 表示轉折關系的并列連詞有：but(可是，但是)，while(而，然而)，yet(可是)，however(然 而，但是)，whereas(而)，nevertheless(然而，不過)，如：I am willing, yet unable.我心有余而力不足。He is short, while his brother is tall.他個子矮而他兄弟個子高plain.3． 表示選擇關系的并列連詞: 表示選擇關系的并列連詞有：or(或)，or else(否則)，otherwise(要不然)，either….or…(或….或….,不是…..就是…..)，rather than(而不，也不)，如：John or I am to blame.Seize the chance, otherwise(or else)you’ll regret it.（otherwise, or else 常放在祈使句后面）You can either stay at home or go fishing.He went rather than stay as an unwelcome guest.。
4． 表示因果關系的并列連詞:(1)表示因果關系的并列連詞有：so(所以)，for(因為)，如：It is morning, for the birds are singing.是早晨了，因為鳥叫了。It was late, so I went home.天已晚了，因此我就回家了。
(2)then(那么，因而)，thus(因而)，hence(因此)，therefore(因此，所以)等副詞?？煞啪涫妆硎疽蚬P系，如： He studied hard, thus he got a full mark.His car broke down, thus he was late for work.It is winter now;hence the days will be shorter.。
（二）從屬連詞: 用來連接主句和從句的連詞叫從屬連詞。
1． 引導名詞性從句的從屬連詞: 引導名詞性從句的從屬連詞有連接詞 that, whether 和 if, 這些連接詞在句中不充當任何句子成分；
連接代詞主要有who, whom, whose, which, what 等，它們在句中可作主語、賓語、定語等； 連接副詞主要 有when, where, how, why 等，它們在句中可作狀語（相見名詞性從句），如：We know(that)the earth goes round the sun.（賓語從句）What we need is more time.我們需要的是時間。（主語從句）That’s what I want.（表語從句）The news that our team had won was very exciting.（同位語從句）
2． 引導狀語從句的從屬連詞
（1）引導時間狀語從句的從屬連詞: 引導時間狀語從句的從屬連詞有when(當…..時)，while(在…期間)，as(當….時，一邊…一邊)，after(在….之后)，before(在….之前)，since(自從….以來)，till/until(直到，直到….才)，once(一旦…..), as soon as(一….就….), the moment/instant(一…..就….), no sooner….than….(剛….就….), hardly…..when(一……..就….)等，如：Once you begin, you must go on.（2）When it rains, I go on school by bus.When: Don’t get excited when you talk.When he got up he felt dizzy.While: We must strike while the iron is hot.While she ate she grew more restless.As: As he spoke two men came up.He smiled as he passed.Before: Look before you leap.It will be five years before we meet again.After: I arrived after he had left.I’ll tell them after you have left.Until, till : I’ll take no steps until you arrive.I propose waiting till the police get here.Since: How long is it since you came to London? It was years since I had seen her.Whenever: I go and visit him whenever I’m in town.Whenever possible, they play outside.（3）引導原因狀語從句的從屬連詞: 引導原因狀語從句的從屬連詞有as(由于)，because(因為)，since(既然)等，如： He didn’t go to school because he was ill.Since everybody is here, let’s begin.Because: Because it was wet he took a taxi.As: As David had a passion for walking, we started off on foot.還有一些表示原因的狀語從句由seeing（that）,considering(that)或now that 等引導： Please don’t try to back out now that everything has been arranged.Now you’re here, you may make yourself useful.許多用在形容詞后的that 從句也起原因狀語的作用（that 有時可省略）：She was glad that she had controlled herself.I’m disappointed that they cannot come.引導地點狀語從句的從屬連詞: 引導地點狀語從句的從屬連詞有where(在….地方)，wherever(無論在…..哪里)等，如：Wherever she may be, she will be happy.Where there is a will, there is a way.（4）引導條件狀語從句的從屬連詞
① 條件狀語從句的從屬連詞主要由if, unless, supposing(suppose)引導：
if: I must leave if that’s the case.如果情況如此我就得走了。He will come if asked.如果邀請的話他會來的。
unless: I won’t write unless he writes first.I’ll go there tomorrow unless it rains.supposing: Supposing that he asks you, will you go? Supposing his plan goes wrong, what will you do then?
suppose: Suppose she finds out, what shall we do then? Suppose you lost your job tomorrow, what would you do?
provided: I will agree to go provided(providing)(that)my expenses are paid.She agreed to go and work there provided that her family could go with her.providing: I’ll dry the dishes, providing that you do the washing-up.② 條件狀語從句還有其他形式：They’ll stand by you even if you don’t succeed.You will always have a home as long as I have anything.此外，as long as, so long as, in case, even if 都起連詞作用。
（5）引導目的狀語從句的從屬連詞:引導目的狀語從句的從屬連詞有that(以便)，so that(為了)，in order that(為了)lest(以防，免得)，in case(以防，免得)等，如：She took medicine on time in order that she might get well soon.I came here that I might take a good look at the new bridge.in order that: I lent him ￡50 in order(so)that he might go for a holiday.so that: Ask her to hurry up with the letters so that I can sign them.so: Can’t you fix it somehow so you could stay longer? that: I am anxious to get done that I may be back in Ireland.lest: He hurried on, lest she should meet him again.（6）引導結果狀語從句的從屬連詞:引導結果狀語從句的從屬連詞有so(結果)，so that(結果)，so…..that/such….that(如 此…..以致)，that(以致)等，（that 有時可以省略，特別是在口語中）如： It was very cold, so that the water in the bowl froze.He is such a good student that we all like him.so…that: He was so young that you must excuse him.such…that: Jim made such a noise that his sister told him to be quiet.（7）引導讓步狀語從句的從屬連詞:引導讓步狀語從句的從屬連詞有though/although(雖然)，as(雖然)，even if/even though(即使)，however(無論怎樣)，whatever(無論什么)，whoever(無論誰)，no matter how/what/which……(無論多么/什么/哪一 個……)等，如：Even if you were here yesterday, you couldn’t help him.（8）引導方式狀語從句的從屬連詞:引導方式狀語從句的從屬連詞有as(正如)，as if/as though(好像，似乎)等，如： He speaks English as if he were an English-man.Use a book as a bee does a flower.（9）引導比較狀語從句的從屬連詞: 引導比較狀語從句的從屬連詞有 as(如……), as…….as….,(像….一樣)，not so …..as…..(與…不一樣)，than(比)等，如：He works harder than before.His elder sister is as tall as his mother.儲存連詞：
1．引導時間狀語從句的從屬連詞: 引導時間狀語從句的從屬連詞有________(當…..時)，_____(在…期間)，____(當….時，一邊…一邊)，_______(在….之后)，______(在….之前)，______(自從….以來)，_______(直到，直到….才)，________(一 旦…..),___________(一….就….), __________(一…..就….), ___________(剛….就….), _________(一……..就….)等，如：Once you begin, you must go on.你一開了頭，就應該繼續下去
2．引導原因狀語從句的從屬連詞:引導原因狀語從句的從屬連詞有______(由于)，________(因為)，______(既然)等.3．引導地點狀語從句的從屬連詞: 引導地點狀語從句的從屬連詞有_______在….地方)，___________(無論在…..哪里)Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者，事竟成。
4．引導條件狀語從句的從屬連詞 條件狀語從句的從屬連詞主要由________________________)引導：此外_______________________________都起連 詞作用。
5．引導目的狀語從句的從屬連詞:引導目的狀語從句的從屬連詞有________(以便)，_________(為了)，______________(為 了)________(以防，免得)，___________(以防，免得)等，6．引導結果狀語從句的從屬連詞:引導結果狀語從句的從屬連詞有______(結果)，________(結果)，___________--(如此…..以致)，_________(以致)等，（that 有時可以省略，特別是在口語中）如： 7． 引導讓步狀語從句的從屬連詞:引導讓步狀語從句的從屬連詞有________________(雖然)，________(雖然)，____________________(即使)，__________r(無論怎樣)，___________(無論什么)，__________-(無論誰)，__________________________(無論多么/什么/哪一個……)等。
8．引導比較狀語從句的從屬連詞: 引導比較狀語從句的從屬連詞有________(如……),____________,(像….一樣)，_________________.(與…不一樣)，__________(比)等。
（三）部分易混連詞的用法比較
（一）when 和while
1.兩個詞都可以表示“當……..時”，引導時間狀語從句。When 引導時間狀語從句的謂語動詞既可以是延續性的，也可 以是終止性的；while 引導時間狀語從句的謂語動詞只能是延續性的 He was doing his homework when I came in.I came in when/while he was doing his homework.While/when I was in the town, I saw him twice.2.When 還可譯作“這時”，while 可譯作“而，然而” He was playing football outside when it began to rain.He is tall while his elder brother is short.（二）though 和 as:兩個詞都可以表示“雖然”，引導讓步狀語從句。Though 引導的從句可用正常語序，也可用倒裝語 序。As 引導的從句要用倒裝語序，即把從句中的表語、狀語或動詞原形放在as 之前，如：
1． 盡管天氣冷，可他仍然繼續工作。Cold as it was, he went on working.<-> Though it was cold, he went on working.Cold though it is, he went on working.2． 雖然他還是個孩子，可懂很多事情。Child as he is, he knows a lot.<-> Though he is a child, he knows a lot.Child though he is, he knows a lot.3． 盡管你讀得快，你也不能在三天內讀完這本書。Fast as you read, you can’t finish the book in three days./ Fast though you read, you can’t finish the book in three days.Though you read fast, you can’t finish the book in three days./ Try though he might, he couldn’t get rid of the difficulty.4． 不管怎樣努力，他還是擺脫不了困難。Try as he might, he couldn’t get rid of the difficulty.Though he might try, he couldn’t get rid of the difficulty.（三）because, as, since 和 for for 是并列連詞，語氣最弱，對前面分句加以解釋或表示推斷的原因。引導的分句一般置于句末，從句前要用逗號。
Because 表示產生某結果的必有原因，語氣最強，引導的從句可以置于句首或句末，放在句首時通常用逗號。
As 表示原因時，語氣不如because 那么強，可譯為“因為，由于”，引導的從句常置于句首。
Since 可譯為“既然”，往往表示一些顯而易見的原因，語氣不如because 強，引導的從句常置于句首。It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.As she was in a bad mood, we left her alone.He is absent from school because he is ill.Because /as it was wet, we went there by bus.Since a lot of people make mistakes in life, Mr.Smith wanted to give John a chance.（四）if 和 whether
1.表示“是否”時兩個詞都能引導賓語從句I wonder if/whether you can examine him now.2． 如果主句的謂語是短語動詞，用whether, 而不用if Everything depends on whether we have enough money.3． 某些動詞（如discuss）后的賓語從句，用whether, 而不用if They discussed whether they should help her.3． 賓語從句置于句首時，用whether,不用if Whether it is true or not, I can’t say.4． 賓語從句為否定形式時，通常if,而不用whether I asked her if he would come.5． if 可譯作“如果”引導條件狀語從句If I were you, I would not go.6． Whether 可譯作“不管，無論”，引導讓步狀語從句Whether he agrees or not, I shall do that.不管他同意與否我都要做這事。
7． Whether 可引導主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句、接不定式，或接or not 等（if 則不能）
Whether he will come or not is unknown.（主語從句）
The question is whether it is worth doing.（表語從句）
I have no idea whether he is there.（同位語從句）
I don’t know whether he will do it or not.（接or not）She hasn’t decided whether to go or not.（接不定式）
★比較so 和 such 其規律由so 與such 的不同詞性決定。
such 是形容詞，修飾名詞或名詞詞組，so 是副詞，只能修 飾形容詞或副詞。so 還可與表示數量的形容詞many，few，much，little 連用，形成固定搭配。
so + adj.such + a(n)+ n.so + adj.+ a(n)+ n.such + n.(pl.)so + adj.+ n.(pl.)
such +n.(pl.)so + adj.+ n.[不可數]
such +n.[不可數] so foolish
such a fool
so nice a flower
such a nice flower so many/ few flowers
such nice flowers so much/little money.such rapid progress so many people
such a lot of people
so many 已成固定搭配，a lot of 雖相當于 many，但 a lot of 為名詞性的，只能用such 搭配。so…that 與such…that之間的轉換既為 so 與such 之間的轉換
Practice ：
Part 1：
17.“You can’t have this football back ____ you promise not to kick it at my cat again,” the old man said firmly.（2006 廣東）
A.because B.since C.when D.until
18.I grew up in Africa.____at least I should say that I spent much of the first ten years of my life there.(遼寧’06)
A.and B.or C.so D.but
19.Progress so far has been very good.____, we are sure that the project will be completed on time.(浙江’06)
A.However B.Otherwise C.Therefore D.Besides
20.A man cannot smile like a child, ____a child smiles with his eyes , while a man smiles with his lips alone.(湖 南’06)A.so B.but C.and D.for 17.D 18.B 19.C 20.D
第二篇：高中英語語法主語從句講解及練習
主語從句
一、概述：在句子中起名詞作用的各種從句統稱為名詞性從句。根據它們在句中的語法作用，這類從句又可分為主語從句、同位語從句、表語從句和賓語從句。
二.主語從句主要有四類：
（1）由連詞that引導的主語從句:引導詞that無含義/在句中不做成分/不可以省。例如：That you will win the medal seems unlikely.That you are so indifferent bothers me.That she survived the accident is a miracle.（2）用連詞 whether 引導的主語從句: whether有含義(是否)/在句中不做成分/不可以省。
注意：引導主語從句，不能用if，只能用whether。
例如：Whether we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.Whether she is coming or not doesn’t matter too much.（3）用連接代詞引導的主語從句
在由連接代詞who, whose, whom, which, what, whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever引導的名詞性從句中，其連接代詞在句中起名詞性作用，擔當一定成分.例如：What you need is more practice.What I want to know is this.Whatever we do is to serve the people.注：whatever / whoever的功用
whatever, whoever在主語從句中不含疑問意義。它引導主語從句，并在從句中作主語、賓語、表語等。
whatever = anything that;whoever = anyone who。要注意和whatever, whoever引導的讓步狀語從句的區別。
如：
Whoever breaks the law should be punished.（主語從句）
（＝Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.）
Whoever breaks the law, he should be punished.（讓步狀語從句）
（＝No matter who breaks the law, he should be punished.）
（4）用連接副詞when, where, why, how引導的名詞性從句(其連接副詞有含義,在句中作狀語。)例如:Where we should leave it is a problem.When they will come hasn’t been made pubic.三.注意點: it構成的主語從句
（1）由連詞that引導的主語從句，在大多數情況下會放到句子的后面，而用代詞it作形式主語。例如：That light travels in straight lines is known to all.=It is known to all that light travels in straight lines.When the plane is to take off has not been announced.= It has not been announced when the plane is to take off.(但當what引導的主語從句表示“?的東西”時，一般不用it作形式主語。)錯:It is a book what he wants.對:What he wants is a book.另外，需要注意的是，it作形式主語代替主語從句時，要注意和as引導的定語從句的區別。試比較：
It was reported that the US was under the terrorist attack.As was reported, the US was under the terrorist attack.（2）常見用it作形式主語的復合句結構 It is +名詞+從句
It is a fact that? 事實是??
It is good news that ? ??是好消息 It is a question that ? ??是個問題 It is common knowledge that ? ??是常識
類似的名詞還有：a pity；a wonder；a good thing； no wonder； surprise等。例如：It is a mystery to me how it all happened.It is common knowledge that the whale is not a fish.It is no surprise that Bob should have won the game.It’s a pity that you missed the film. It is +形容詞+從句
It is necessary that ? 有必要?? It is clear that ? 很清楚?? It is likely that ? 很可能??
It is important that ? 重要的是??
類似的形容詞還有：strange;natural;obvious;true;good;wonderful;possible;unlikely;quite;unusual;certain;evident;worth-while;surprising;interesting;astonishing, etc.例如：It is doubtful whether she will be able to come.It was really astonishing that he refused to talk to you.It is essential that he should be here by the weekend.It seems obvious that we can not go on like this.It is necessary that you（should）master the computer.It is important that a student learn English well.It is likely that a hurricane will arrive soon.需要注意的是，這類主語從句中，謂語動詞很多為“（should）＋動詞原形”，即要用虛擬語氣。
It is reported that ? 據報道?? It has been proved that ? 已證明?? It must be proved that? 必須指出??
類似的過去分詞還有：known;estimated;expected;believed;thought;hoped;noted;discussed;required;decided;suggested;demanded;made clear;found out,etc.例如：It is thought that he is the best player.It is estimated that the vase is 2000 years old.It is used to be thought that a new star must be due to a collision between two stars.It has not been made clear when the new road is to be opened to traffic.It is said that he was killed in the earthquake.
It seems that they will win the game.It makes no difference whether he will attend the meeting or not.It does not matter if I missed my train.It happened that I saw him yesterday.主從練習
1._____ as much as one-fifth of all timber harvested is not used.A.The estimate
B.The estimated
C.They are estimated
D.It is estimated that 2._____ some mammals came to live in the sea is not known.A.Which
B.Since
C.Although
D.How
3._____ we have achieved is attributed to the guidance of our parents.A.Whoever
B.Whatever
C.However
D.That
4._____ wealthy does not necessarily mean that a man is greedy.A.For the reason that he is
B.Just because he is
C.The reason of being
D.That he is
5.Although ___ happened in this developed country sounds like science fiction, it could occur elsewhere in the world.A.which
B.what
C.how
D.it 6._____ she had forgotten to take her notebook.A.That occurred to her
B.She occurred that
C.To her that occurred
D.It occurred to her that 7.I am sure that _____ she said is wrong.A.which
B.all
C.this
D.what 8.We lost our way in the forest, and ____ made matters worse was that it was getting dark.A.that
B.which
C.it
D.What 9._____ or not is still uncertain.A.He’s coming
B.If he is coming
C.That coming
D.Whether he’s coming 10.It’s _____ he’ll be able to come.A.doubt whether B.doubtful
C.doubt it
D.doubtful whether 11.______ he is at work in the heart of the big city or at home in the quiet
suburb, Dick’s life is tied to machines.A.Whether
B.Till
C.If
D.Unless 12._____ he saw both surprised and frightened him.A.That
B.When
C.What
D.Which 13._____ is warm sunshine.A.What do we all need.B.What all we need
C.What we need
D.What we all need 14._____ is a pity that he should feel so upset.A.What
B.That
C.He
D.It 15._____ a spoonful of soil can tell us so much about the structure and early history of the moon.A.Remarkable
B.Quite remarkably
C.It is remarkable that
D.It is remarkable fact that 16._____ you nominate will be elected.A.Who
B.Whom
C.Whomever
D.That’s 17._____ book you borrow must be returned within a week.A.What
B.Which
C.Whichever
D.That’s 18._____ of us gets home first starts cooking.A.Who
B.Which
C.Whichever
D.Anyone
1.________ makes mistakes must correct them.A.What B.That C.Whoever D.Whatever 2.It worried her a bit ____ her hair was turning grey.A.while B.that C.if D.for 3.When and why he came here ________ yet.A.is not known B.are not known C.has not known D.have not known 4.________ is no reason for dismissing her.A.Because she was a few minutes late B.Owing to a few minutes late C.The fact that she was a few minutes late D.Being a few minutes late 5.________ Tom liked to eat was different from ________.A.That?that you had expected B.What ?that you had expected C.That?what you had expected D.What?what you had expected 6.________ we go swimming every day ________ us a lot of good.A.If...do B.That...do C.If...does D.That...does 7.It ________ Bob drives badly.A.thinks that B.is thought what C.thought that D.is thought that 8.It's uncertain ________ the experiment is worth doing.A.if B.that C.whether D.how 9.________ the boy didn't take medicine made his mother angry.A.That B.What C.How D.Which 10.____ we can't get seems better than ____ we have.A.What, what B.What, that C.That, that D.That, what 11.____ you don't like him is none of my business.A.What B.Who C.That D.Whether 12..____ we'll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A.If B.Whether C.That D.Where 13._________is going to do the job will be decided by the Party committee.A.That B.Why C.How D.Who 14._______we'll finish translating the book depends on the time.A.When B.Why C.What D.That 15.______he won't go there is clear to all of us.A.How B.What C.Why D.This 16.______the house will be built will be discussed at tomorrow's meeting.A.If B.Where C.That D.What 17._______you come or not is up to you.A.What B.If C.Why D.Whether 18._______makes mistakes must correct them.A.Who B.Anyone C.Whoever D.Anybody 19._______team will win the match is a matter of public concern.A.Which B.That C.If D.How 20.Who is this factory __________ some foreign friends visited last Friday? A.that B.where C.which D.the one 21.Is this factory you visited the other day? A.that B.where C.in which D.the one 22.________leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.A.Anyone B.The person C.Whoever D.Who
表語從句
1、概述
用作表語的從句叫作表語從句，它位于主句中的連系動詞之后。引導表語從句的詞有從屬連詞that、whether、as though(if)；關系代詞who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等；關系副詞when, where, why, how, however, whenever, wherever等?？梢越颖碚Z從句的連系動詞由be, look, remain, seem等。That引導表語從句時，在口語中，間或可以省略。
The trouble is that we are short of money.困難是我們資金短缺。
That is why stone walls are used instead of fences around New England fields.這就是為什么在新英格蘭用石頭墻而不用柵欄的原因。
At that time, it seemed as if I couldn't think of the right word anyhow.當時,我似乎怎么也想不出一個恰當的字眼來。
2、由從屬連詞that，whether引導的表語從句。
that在引導表語從句時無詞義，而whether有詞義，意為、“是否”。這時主句的主語常常是些抽象名詞，如question(問題)，trouble(麻煩)，problem(問題)，result(結果)，chance(可能性)，suggestion(建議)，idea(想法)，reason(理由)等。表語從句對主句主語進行說明、解釋，使主語的內容具體化。
The trouble is(that)she has lost his money.麻煩的事是他丟了錢。
The question is whether we need more ice cream.問題是我們是否還需要一些冰淇淋。The problem was that it was too valuable for everyday use.問題是它作為日常之用太貴重了。
What she couldn’t understand was that fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.我們不能理解越來越少的學生對他的課不感興趣。
3、由關系代詞引導的表語從句。
關系代詞who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等引導表語從句，在句中作主語、賓語、表語，關系代詞不能省略。The question is which of us should go.問題是我們哪一個應該去。The problem was who could do the work.問題是誰能做這項工作。That's what he is worrying about.那就是他在擔心的事。That's what we should do.那是我們應該做的。
4、由關系副詞引導的表語從句。
Go and get your coat.It's where you left it.去把雨衣拿來。就在你原來放的地方。I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella.That’s why I got wet through.我們既沒傘也沒雨衣，這是我們淋濕的原因。
That is how mice ruin many stores of grain every year.那就是老鼠是怎樣每年損害大量糧食的。
That is what he is worried about.那就是他所擔心的。
5、由連詞because，as if/as though等引導的表語從句。
It looked as if it was going to snow.看起來好像要下雪了。
That's because we never thought of it.這是因為我們從未想過此事。It seems as if he didn’t know the answer.好像他不知道答案。可以接表語從句的系動詞有：
1：be（being,been,am,is,are,was,were)2: feel , seem , look, appear ,sound, taste , smell 3: stand , lie , remain ,keep, stay 4: become ,get , grow , turn ,go ,come, run, fall 5: prove, turn out 系動詞的固定搭配: come true, fall asleep, fall ill, go bad, come right, run wild 連接詞：that / whether /as if /as though(if不引導表語從句)連接代詞：who / whom / whose / which / what 連接副詞：when / where / why / how / because 注：引導表語從句的連詞that間或可以省略。
The truth is（that）I didn't go there.事實是我沒去那兒。
［考題1］ The traditional view is ____ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so.A.when B.why C.whether D.that
［答案］ D
［解析］ 下劃線處之后是包含一個原因狀語從句的表語從句，如果看不出它是充當整個句子結構的表語從句將難以把握整個句子的意思。因此，應選擇可引導名詞性從句且不充當任何成分的that。
［考題2］ You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is ____ I disagree.A.why B.where C.what D.how
［答案］ B
［解析］ 下劃線處的引導詞引導系動詞is后的表語從句并在該表語從句中充當地點狀語(“disagree”屬于不及物動詞，“I disagree”本身是完整的主謂結構)，下劃線應填入引導詞where，表語從句“where I disagree”的意思是“我不同意之處、我不同意的地方”。
［考題3］ — I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.— Is that ____ you had a few days off?
A.why B.when C.what D.where
［答案］ A
［解析］ 下劃線處的引導詞引導與系動詞is連用的表語從句并在該表語從句中充當原因狀語，下劃線應填入表示“因此??”(指因某種原因所造成的結果)的引導詞why。
［考題4］ ____ she couldn’t understand was ____ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.A.What;why B.That;what C.What;because D.Why;that
［答案］ A
［解析］ 第一個下劃線處的引導詞引導主語從句并在該主語從句中充當賓語，特指她所不理解的事情，應填入關系代詞型的引導詞what； 第二個下劃線處表示“因此??”(指因某種原因所造成的后果，由why引導對應的名詞性從句)而不是“為什么??”(指原因、理由，由because引導對應的名詞性從句)，應填入引導詞why。
［考題5］ ____ made the school proud was ____ more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities.A.What;because B.What;that
C.That;what D.That;because
［答案］ B
［解析］ 第一個下劃線處的引導詞引導主語從句并在該主語從句中充當主語，特指令校方驕傲的事情，應選用關系代詞型的引導詞what； 第二個下劃線處引導表語從句表示原因、理由，應由that引導對應的名詞性從句。
［考題6］ — Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game?
— Oh, that’s ____.A.what makes me feel excited B.whatever I feel excited about
C.how I feel about it D.when I feel excited
［答案］ A
［解析］ A選項的意思是“令我感覺激動的事物”； B選項的意思是“我覺得激動的任何事物”； C選項的意思是“我對它感覺的方式”； D選項的意思是“令我感覺激動的時間”。四個選項中A最適合跟代表“game”的主語that對應，充當表語從句。
表語從句與賓語從句的關系
不屬于的
賓語從句和表語從句都屬于名詞性從句。其作用跟名詞在句中的作用相同。故充當賓語的句子叫賓語從句，充當表語的句子叫表語從句。
賓語從句
(1)對于賓語從句要掌握以下三點
①語序: 從句的語序必須是陳述句語序, 即“主語 + 謂語”這種形式。
②時態: 當主句是一般現在時或一般將來時的時候, 從句可以是任何時態, 而當主句是一般過去時的時候, 從句, 從句時態必須是過去時范圍的時態, 即(一般過去時, 過去進行時, 過去完成時, 過去將來時)。
③連接詞: 當從句意思完整, 主句意思肯定時, 連接詞用that, 且可以省去, 當從句意思完整, 主句意思不確定或含否定含意時, 常用if或whether(是否), 當從句意思不完整時, 連接詞則是代替不完整部分的特殊疑問詞。
表語從句
在句子中起表語作用的從句叫做表語從句，位于主句系動詞的后面。表語從句的引導詞和主語從句的引導詞相同。也是名詞性從句的一種。
如： What the police want to know is when you enred red the room警察想知道的是你什么時候進的房間。
The The trouble is that we are short of funds困難是我們缺乏資金。
This This is what we should do這是我們應當做的。
That”s s why I want you to work there那就是我要你在那兒工作的原因。
His His first question was whether Mr.Smith had arrived yet他的第一個問題是史密斯先生到了沒有。
注意：從句中的疑問句用正常語序，即陳述語序。
as as if, as though, becau也可用來引導表語從句。
She She seems as if she had done a great thing她看起來好像做了一件大事。
It It is because you eat too much那是因為你吃得太多了。
表從練習一
1.The question is ________ we will have our sports meet next week.A.that
B.if
C.when
D.whether 2．The reason why he failed is ________he was too careless.A.because
B.that
C.for
D.because of 3.Go and get your coat.It’ s ________you left it A.where
B.there
C.there where
D.where there 4．The problem is _________to take the place of Ted A.who can we get
B.what we can get C.who we can get
D.that we can get 5.What I want to know is ______ he likes the gift given by us.A.that
B.if
C.whether
D.不填 6.The reason is_________I missed the bus.A.that
B.when
C.why
D.what 7.That is __ ___ we were late last time.A.that
B.when
C.why
D.what 8.She looked _________ she were ten years younger.A.that B.like
C.as D.as though 9.—I fell sick!--I think it is _______ you are doing too much.A.why
B.when
C.what
D.because 10.The reason why he hasn’t come is ___________.A.because his mother is ill
B.because of his mother’s being ill C.that his mother is ill
D.for his mother is ill 11.—He was born here.--That is _______ he likes the place so much.A.that
B.what
C.why
D.how 12.That is ______ Lu Xun once lived.A.what
B.where
C.that
D.Why
二
1．_______your father wants to know is________ getting on with your studies.A.What;how are you
B.That；how you are
C.How；that you are
D.What；how you are 2.The trouble is__________we are short of tools.A.what
B.that
C.how
D.why that 3.America was __________was first called “India” by Columbus.A.what
B.where
C.the place
D.there where 4.China is becoming stronger and stronger.It is no longer_________.A.what it used to be
B.what it was used to being C.what it used to being
D.what it was used to be 5.________he really means is ________he disagrees with us.A.What … that
B.That … what C.What … what
D.That … what 6.The energy is ________ makes the cells able to do their work.A.that B.which C.what D.Such
三
1.I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.—Is that_____ you had a few days off？
A.why
B.what
C.when
D.where 2.I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella ____I got wet through.A.It’s the reason B.That’s why C.There’s why
D.It’s how 3.See the flags on top of the building? That was ______ we did this morning.A.when
B.which
C.where
D.what 4.---Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game?
---Oh, that’s _____.A.what makes me feel excited
B.whatever I feel excited about C.how I feel about it
D.when I feel excited 5.What surprised me was not what he said but ______ he said it.A.the way
B.in the way that
C.in the way
D.the way which
1.The question is ________ we will have our sports meet next week.A.that
B.if
C.when
D.whether 2．The reason why he failed is ________he was too careless.A.because
B.that
C.for
D.because of 3.Go and get your coat.It’ s ________you left it
A.where
B.there
C.there where
D.where there 4．The problem is _________to take the place of Ted A.who can we get
B.what we can get C.who we can get
D.that we can get 5.What I want to know is ______ he likes the gift given by us.A.that
B.if
C.whether
D.不填 6.The reason is_________ I missed the bus.A.that
B.when
C.why
D.what 7.That is __ ___ we were late last time.A.that
B.when
C.why
D.what 8.She looked _________ she were ten years younger.A.that B.like
C.as
D.as though 9.—I fell sick!--I think it is _______ you are doing too much.A.why
B.when
C.what
D.because 10.The reason why he hasn’t come is ___________.A.because his mother is ill
B.because of his mother’s being ill C.that his mother is ill
D.for his mother is ill 11.—He was born here.--That is _______ he likes the place so much.A.that
B.what
C.why
D.how 12.That is ______ Lu Xun once lived.A.what
B.where
C.that
D.why 13．_______your father wants to know is________ getting on with your studies.A.What;how are you
B.That；how you are C.How；that you are
D.What；how you are 14.The trouble is__________ we are short of tools.A.what
B.that
C.how
D.why that 15.America was __________was first called “India” by Columbus.A.what
B.where
C.the place
D.there where 16.China is becoming stronger and stronger.It is no longer_________.A.what it used to be
B.what it was used to being C.what it used to being
D.what it was used to be 17.________he really means is ________he disagrees with us.A.What … that
B.That … what C.What … what
D.That … what
18.The energy is ________ makes the cells able to do their work.A.that B.which C.what D.such 19 —I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.—Is that_____ you had a few days off？
A.why
B.what
C.when
D.where 20.I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella ____I got wet through.A.It’s the reason B.That’s why C.There’s why
D.It’s how
21.See the flags on top of the building? That was ______ we did this morning.A.when
B.which
C.where
D.what 22.---Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game?
---Oh, that’s _____.A.what makes me feel excited
B.whatever I feel excited about C.how I feel about it
D.when I feel excited 23.What surprised me was not what he said but ______ he said it.A.the way
B.in the way that
C.in the way
D.the way which
綜合練習
1.It has been proved _________ eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life.A.if B.because C.when D.that 2.The last time we had great fun was ________ we were visiting the Water Park.A.where B.how C.when D.why 3.________ matters most in learning English is enough practice.A.What B.Why C.Where D.Which 4.The traditional view is ______ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make use do so.A.when B.why C.whether D.that 5.______ parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children.A.That B.Which C.What D.As 6.________ is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy.A.As B.That C.This D.It 7.______ team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships.A.No matter what B.No matter which C.Whatever D.Whichever 8.You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is ______ I disagree.A.why B.where C.what.D how 9.After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, ____ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space.A.where B.what C.that D.how 10.I think Father would like to know ______ I’ve been up to so far, so I decide to send him a quick note.A.which B.why C.what D.how 11.Our country is developing at an amazing speed, and this is ______ makes me feel so proud.A.what B.which C.that D.why 12.________ puzzles the scientists how these creatures can survive in such severe conditions.A.What B.As C.That D.It 13._____ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.A.Anyone B.Who C.Whoever D.The person 14.Inside the White House, there is a room called the Oval Office.That’s _______ the president works.A.whey B.when C.what D.where 15.______ you will be admitted to York University will be decided by the Admission Committee.A.That B.Whether C.What D.If 16.The reason ____ I plan to go is _____ she will be disappointed if I don’t.A.why;that B.that;because C.which;because D.why;for 17.We sell handmade gifts._____gift you order from us is unique for the special person!A.Which B.That C.Whichever D.What
第三篇：高中英語語法表語從句練習含答案
表語從句
1.__________ is troubling me is _________ I don’t understand __________ he said.A.What;that;what
B.What;what;what C.That;that;what
D.Why;that;which 2.---I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.---Is that __________ you had a few days off?
A.why
B.when
C.what
D.where 3.Things were not _________ they seemed to be.A.when
B.why
C.that
D.where 4.If there was a reason why I achieved such a great success, maybe it is just __________ I have been so lucky.A.that
B.because
C.in that
D.owing to the fact that 5.---Her ability has never been in doubt.---The question is _________ she is prepared to work hard.A.that
B.if
C.where
D.whether 6.The reason why she doesn’t go there was __________ a new job.A.because she got
B.because off getting
C.due to getting
D.that she got 7._________ surprised me was _______ he couldn’t speak English.A.That;that
B.Why;that
C.Who;that
D.What;that 8.His first question was _________ Tom had arrived.A.if
B.that
C.whether
D.what 9.The question is ________ can be put into practice.A.how you have learned
B.how what you have learned
C.that why you have learned
D.how that you have learned 10.A hinge joint is _________ permits the forward and backward movement of a door.A.that
B.what
C.those
D.which 11.One reason why Hamlet is such a successful play is that _________.A.it appeals different to people
B.different people are appealed
C.it appeals to many different people
D.people find it appealing to them very much 12.I think it is _________ you are doing too much.A.because of
B.because
C.because that
D.due to 13.A more important question is _________ these ideas are well or ill found.A.where
B.when
C.how
D.whether 14.The reason he is ill is _________ he ate too much.A.due to
B.that
C.since
D.because 15.Even the mountains here are no longer ________ they used to be.A.the same
B.which
C.that
D.what 16.That’s __________ I want to say.A.all what
B.what
C.all which
D.what that 17.That’s _____________.A.where out differences lie
B.our differences lie there
C.where do our differences lie
C.that where out differences lie 18.That is __________.A.where lived he there
B.where did he lived
C.where he lived
D.that where he lived 19.The question is ____________.A.whether is it worth doing
B.that if it is worth doing
C.whether it is worth doing
C.if it is worth doing 20.Water will continue to be __________ it is today next in importance to oxygen.A.how
B.which
C.what
D.as 21.That’s __________.A.how did I become a teacher
B.how Ibecame a teacher
C.how a teacher I became
D.that I became a teacher 22.They are just ___________.A.that what shall I have
B.what shall I have
C.that I shall have what
D.what I shall have 23.It looked ___________.A.as if it was going to rain
B.that as if it was going to rain
C.as if was it going to rain
D.as if that it was going to rain 24.That’s ____________.A.how she did it
B.that how did she do it
C.how did she do it
D.what she did it 25.That is _________ we decided to put the discussion off.A.where
B.which
C.that
D.why 26.That’s ________ I lived which when I was ten years old.A.where
B.at which
C.there where
D.when 27.My suggestion is ________ we should send a few comrades to help them.A.if
B.that
C.when that
D.that where 28.With the development of computers, it is_________ man has suddenly become a millionaire of the mind.A.that
B.as if
C.why
D.as 29.It looks ________ successful international cultural communication will make the world smaller.A.that
B.as if
C.why
D.as 30.The question is __________ we shall perform the experiment.A.which
B.where
C.who
D.that
AADAD DDCBB CBDBD BACCC BDAAD ABBBB
第四篇：高中英語語法定語從句教案及練習
高中英語語法--定語從句
定語從句在句中做定語，修飾一個名詞或代詞，被修飾的名詞詞組或代詞即先行詞。定語從句通常
出現在先行詞之后，由關系詞（關系代詞或關系副詞）引出。
關系代詞有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。
關系副詞有：when, where, why等。
18.1 關系代詞引導的定語從句
關系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞，并在句中充當主語、賓語、定語等成分。關系代詞在定語從句中作主語時，從句謂語動詞的人稱和數要和先行詞保持一致。
1）who, whom, that
這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞，在從句中作主語和賓語。例如：
Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想見的人嗎？（who/that在從句中作主語）
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天見的那個人。（whom/that在從句中作賓語）
2）whose 用來指人或物，（只用作定語, 若指物，它還可以同of which互換）。例如：
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人車壞了，大家都跑過去幫忙。
Please pass me the book whose（of which）cover is green.請遞給我那本綠皮的書。
3）which, that所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語、賓語等。例如：
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.農村出現了前所未有的繁榮。（which / that在句中作賓語）
The package（which / that）you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你拿的包快散了。（which / that在句中作賓語）
18.2 關系副詞引導的定語從句
關系副詞可代替的先行詞是時間、地點或理由的名詞，在從句中作狀語。
1）關系副詞when, where, why的含義相當于“介詞+ which”結構，因此常常和“介詞+ which”結構交替使用。例如：
There are occasions when（on which）one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的時候。
Beijing is the place where（in which）I was born.北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why（for which）he refused our offer? 這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎？
2）that代替關系副詞，可以用于表示時間、地點、方式、理由的名詞后取代when, where, why和“介+which”引導的定語從句，在口語中that常被省略。例如：
His father died the year（that / when / in which）he was born.他父親在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place（that / where / in which）he lived forty years ago.他不大可能找到他四十年前居住過的地方。
及物動詞和不及物動詞
A 有些動詞只是及物動詞;它們不可以單獨用，后面必須跟賓語。
{ False: They always want after lunch.Right: They always want a cup of tea after lunch.{ False: He is sending now.Right: He is sending a letter now.B 有些動詞只是不及物動詞；它們可以單獨用，如果后面想接賓語，動詞后面必須加上介詞。
18.6 as, which 非限定性定語從句
由as, which 引導的非限定性定語從句，as和which可代整個主句，相當于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。例如：
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.如我們所知，吸煙有害健康。
The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.太陽使地球暖起來，這對我們人類很重要。
典型例題
1）Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.A.it
B.that
C.which
D.he
答案C.此為非限定性從句，不能用 that修飾，而用which.，it 和he 都使后句成為句子，兩個獨立的句子不能單以逗號連接。況且選he句意不通。
2）The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.A.what B.which C.that D.it
答案B。which可代替句子，用于非限定性定語從句，而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定語從句，it不為連詞，使由逗號連接的兩個句子并在一起在英語語法上行不通。
3）It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..A.that B.which
C.as
D.it
答案B.as 和which在引導非限制性定語從句時，這兩個關系代詞都指主句所表達的整個意思，且在定語從句中都可以作主語和賓語。但不同之處主要有兩點：
（1）as 引導的定語從句可置于句首，而which不可。
（2）as 代表前面的整個主句并在從句中作主語時，從句中的謂語必須是系動詞；若為行為動詞，則從句中的關系代詞只能用which.。在本題中，prevent由于是行為動詞，所以正確選項應為B。
as 的用法
例1.the same…as；such…as 中的as 是一種固定結構, 和……一樣……。例如：
I have got into the same trouble as he（has）.我碰到了跟他一樣的麻煩。
例2.as可引導非限制性從句，常帶有'正如'。例如：
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.如我們所知，吸煙有害健康。
As is known, smoking is harmful to one's health.As是關系代詞。例1中的as作know的賓語；例2中，它充當從句的主語，謂語動詞know要用被動式。
18.7 先行詞和關系詞二合一
1）Whoever spits in public will be punished here.（Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替）
2）The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school.（what 可以用all that代替）
18.8 what/whatever;that/what;who/whoever
1）what = the thing which；whatever = anything。例如：
What you want has been sent here.你要的動詞都送來了。
Whatever you want makes no difference to me.不管你要什么，跟我沒什么關系。
2）who= the person that
whoever= anyone who。例如：
（錯）Who breaks the law will be punished.（錯）Whoever robbed the bank is not clear.（對）Whoever breaks the law will be punished.王子犯法，與庶民同罪。
（對）Who robbed the bank is not clear.誰搶了銀行還不清楚。
3）that 和 what
當that引導定語從句時，通常用作關系代詞，而引導名詞性從句時，是個不充當任何成分的連接詞。賓語從句和表語從句中的that?？墒÷浴hat只能引導名詞性從句，用作連接代詞，作從句的具體成分，且不能省略。例如：
A.of whom B.from whom C.about that D.who 14.In fact the Swede did not understand the three questions ____ were asked in French.A.where
B.who
C.in which D.which 15.Have you read the book ____ I lent to you? A.that B.whom C.when D.whose 16.Finally, the thief handed over everything ____ he had stolen to the police.A.that
B.which
C.whatever D.all 17.The foreign guests, ____ were government officials, were warmly welcomed at the airport.A.most of them B.most of that C.most of whom D.most of those 18.This is the very letter ____came last night.A.who
B.which
C.that D.as 19.I know only a little about this matter;you may ask ____ knows better than I.A.whoever B.whomever C.anyone D.the one 20.This is the school ____ we visited three days ago.A.where
B./
C.when 21.This is the factory ____ we worked a year ago.A.where
B.that C.which A.which B.in which
C.that
D.what D.on which 22.Nearby were two canoes ____ they had come to the island.D./ 23.Jack is pleased with ____ you have given him and all ____ you have told him.A.that, what B.what, that C.which, what D.that, which 24.Do you work near the building ____ colour is yellow? A.that B.which
C.its
D.whose 25.In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person ____ she could turn for help.A.whom B.who
C.to whom D.form whom 26.Is this school ____ we visited three years ago? A.the one B.which
C.that
D.where 27.Is this the school ____ we visited three years ago? A.the one B.where
C.in which D./ 28, How many students are there in your class ____ homes are in the country? A.whose
B.who C.whom D.which 29.Alice received an invitation from her boss, ____ came as a surprise.A.it
B.which
C.that D.he 30.The train was crowded and I had to get into a carriage ____ already seven other people.A.when there were B.which there were C.that there were D.where there were 31.I live in the house ____ windows face south.A.which
B.whose
32.----What game is popular with them?
C.where
D.in that
----The ____ most is tennis.A.game they like it B.game they like C.best game they like D.best game they like it 33.They stayed with me three weeks, ____ they drank all the wine I had.A.which
B.which time C.during which time D.during which 34.The room ____ Mr.White lives is not very large.A.that B.which
C.where
D.when 35.Don’t forget the day ____ you were received into the Youth League.A.when B.that C.at which D.where 36.I’ve finished writing the novel, ____ is to be published next month.A.that B.what C.which
D.when 37.He returned home safe and sound after a fierce battle, ____ was unexpected.6-
第五篇：高三英語語法復習---名詞性從句
高三英語語法復習---名詞性從句
一、概說
名詞性從句，即指性質相當于名詞的從句，它包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。名詞性從句的連接詞的選用依據“從句缺什么成分補什么成分”的原則。解題時，應首先確定選用連接代詞還是連接副詞。然后再根據題意選用具體的連接詞。如果名詞性從句中缺少主語、賓語、表語或定語，則選用連接代詞。如果從句中缺少狀語，則選用連接副詞。如果從句中不缺成分，而僅表示陳述事實，則用that引導。如果含有“是否”意義，則選用whether或if。
二、名詞性從句的一般引導詞
1.連接詞 that 只起連接作用，沒有任何意思，也不充當句子成分，在賓語從句中可省略，但引導其他名詞性從句時通常不省略。如：
I hope(that)you enjoy your holiday.希望你假期過得好。That he likes you is very obvious.很顯然他喜歡你。
2.連接詞 whether 也不充當句子成分，但有自己的意思，表示“是否”；引導賓語從句時，可換成 if，但引導其他名詞性從句時不能換成 if。
He asked whether [if] I would show him the way.他問我是否可以給他帶路。Whether it will do us harm remains to be seen.是否對我們有害還要看一看。(引導主語從句，不能用 if 代替 whether)
3.連接代詞 who(m), whose, which, what 等，均有各自的意義，在從句中作主語、賓語、定語等。如：
That’s why she wanted to leave.這就是她想離開的原因。When we arrive doesn't matter.什么時候到沒有關系。Tell me which one you like best.告訴我你最喜歡哪一個。
4.連接副詞 when, where, why, how 等，也各自有自己的意義，在從句中作狀語。如： The question is how we should carry out the plan.問題是怎樣執行這個計劃。When she’ll be back depends much on the weather.她什么時候回來在很大程度上要看天氣。
Why he did it will remain a puzzle forever.他為什么這樣做將永遠是一個謎。
三、名詞性從句的重要引導詞 1.what 用于引導名詞性從句是一個十分重要的引導詞，它可引導主語從句、賓語從句和表語從句，但不用于引導同位語從句。它引導的名詞性從句有兩個意思是：一是表示“什么”，帶有疑問意味；二是表示“…所…的”，相當于一個先行詞后接一個關系代詞。如：
I don’t know what you want.我不知道你想要什么。
I don’t know what you want is this.我不知道你所想要的是這個。2.what 引導名詞性從句時可用作限定詞，其后修飾名詞。如： I gave him what books I had.我把我所有的書都給他了。
He gave me what money he had about him.他把身邊帶有的錢全給了我。
注：what 后的名詞可以是復數名詞或不可數名詞，但通常不能是單數可數名詞，并且后接不可數名詞時，有時可有little修飾，兩者的區別是：what+不可數名詞=所有的都，what little+不可數名詞=雖少但全部。如：
What friends she has are out of the country.她有的那些朋友全在國外。We gave him what(little)help we could.我們給了他我們力所能及的幫助。3.whoever, whatever, whichever 等也可引導名詞性從句，其意分別為“所…的一切事或東西”、“任何…的人”、““…的任可人或物”等。如：
Whoever wants the book may have it.任何人要這書都可拿去。I’ll do whatever I can to help him.我們將盡我們所能來挽救他。Buy whichever is cheapest.買最便宜的。注意以下受漢語意思影響而弄錯的句子： 任何人來都歡迎
誤：Who comes will be welcome./ Anyone comes will be welcome.正：Whoever comes will be welcome./ Anyone who comes will be welcome.另外，它們也可引導讓步狀語從句，其意為“無論…”、“不管…”，其意相當于 no matter who [what, which]。如：
Whatever happens, you must be calm.不管發生什么情況，你都必須鎮靜。(whatever = no matter what)
He won't eat you, whoever he is.不管他是誰，他也不能把你吃掉。(whoever = no matter who)
注：whoever 既用作主格也用作賓語；作賓語時不宜用 whomever，因為在現代英語中 whomever 這個已幾乎廢棄不用。4.why 與 because 的用法區別。兩者均可引導表語從句，但前者強調結果，后者強調的原因。如：
I had a cold.That’s why I didn't come.我感冒了，因此我沒來。
I didn’t come.That’s because I had a cold.我沒有來，那是因為我感冒了。
五、名詞性從句的語序
名詞性從句的詞序與陳述句語序相同，尤其注意那些由連接代詞who(m), whose, which, what 和連接副詞 when, where, why 等引導的名詞性從句，不要受它們在特殊疑問句中用法的影響而誤用疑問句詞序。如：
Why was she crying? 她為什么在哭？
I don’t know why he was crying.我不知道她為什么哭。
六、名詞性從句的時態問題
1.當主句的謂語動詞是過去式時，賓語從句若不是一個客觀事實或真理，其謂語動詞也必須用某種過去時態。如：
She said that she didn't want to know.她說她不想知道。I asked her whether she would agree.我問她是否會同意
2.when, if 這兩個詞既可引導名詞性從句，也可引導狀語從句。當它們引導名詞性從句且表示將來意義時，要直接使用將來時態；但當它們引導狀語從句且表示將來意義時，則必須用一般現在時表示將來意義。如：
I don’t know when he will come, but when he comes, I’ll call you.我不知道他什么時候，但當他來的時候，我會打電話給你。
句中第一個when 引導的是賓語從句，故用將來時態表示將來意義；第二個when 引導的是時間狀語從句，故用一般現在時表示將來意義。
使用名詞性從句的兩個注意點
注意1 語序問題
不管什么詞引導，從句的語序始終用陳述語序。如：
(1)He asked how he could find his courage.他問道他如何才能找到他的勇氣。(2)The question is why there is little rain here.問題是這里為什么雨水少。
注意2 連接詞的選用問題
A．that，whether，if，as if(限用于表語從句)都不作句子的任何成分。因此，它們所引導的句子結構必須完整。that 一般用于確定的語氣中，引導賓語從句時，口語中的that可省略，而其他情況中的that一般不可省；而whether，if一般用于不確定的語句中。如：(1)That he learnt English before is certain.他學過英語是肯定的。(2)I don’t know whether / if he will come.我不知道他是否會來。(3)He looks as if he knows the answer.看起來他好像知道答案。B．whether和if 1)whether可用于任何名詞性從句中，而一般只能用于賓語從句中。如果if引導主語從句時，只能放在句中，而不能置于句首。如：
(1)Whether he will come or not doesn’t matter.—It doesn’t matter whether he will come or not.他來還是不來都沒關系。
(2)Do you know if / whether his words are true.你知道他的話是否真實嗎？ 2)whether可與or not連用，而if則不可以。如
(1)I’m not sure whether / if he can overcome the difficulties.我沒有把握他能否克服這些困難。
(2)The radio didn’t say whether it would rain or not tomorrow.收音機并沒有報道明天是否下雨。
3)若用if會產生歧義時，則用whether。
(1)Let me know whether he will come.告訴我他是否會來。
(2)Let me know if he will come.可理解為：告訴我他是否會來。也可理解為：如果他愿意來，就告訴我一聲。
4)whether可與不定式連用，而if不可以。
Have you decided whether to go there tomorrow? 明天是否去那兒，你決定了嗎？(句子中的whether不能用if替換)5)whether引導的從句可作某些介詞及動詞discuss的賓語，而if則不可以。如：(1)They are talking about whether they will take part in the strike.他們在談論他們是否要參加這次罷工。
(2)They are discussing whether they can employ the new way.他們在討論他們是否可以采用這種新的方法。
(以上兩個句子中的whether 不能用if替換)6)賓語從句若為否定句，連接詞則用if 而不用whether。如：
Do you know if he hasn’t been to Washington? 你知道他是否沒有去過華盛頓嗎？ 此句子中的If不能用whether替換。C．連接代詞、連接副詞都作句子的成分，因此，選用時須確定從句是否缺少成分，然后再確定選用適當的連接詞。如：
(1)I don’t know ________ he lives.(2)I don’t know ________ he lives there.(3)I don’t know ________ he lives there by fishing.(4)I don’t know ________ he likes.根據從句里面的成分，句子(1)可填地點、方式等連接詞where / how；句子(2)可填that, whether / if，原因連接副詞why 或方式連接副詞how；句子(3)可填that, whether / if，原因連接副詞why；句子(4)缺少賓語，可填what。
高考鏈接：
(2012年全國新課標)1.It is by no means clear____ the president can do to end the strike.A.how
B.which
C.that
D.what 【解析】選D。本題是考查主語從句，從句中缺少賓語，用what補上。
2.（2010·全國卷I·T33）We haven’t discussed yet _________ we are going to place our new furniture.A.that B.which C.what D.where 【解析】選D。句意：我們還沒有談論將把我們的新家具放在哪兒。通過分析從句中的結構，可判斷出填空處需要連接副詞。根據句意以及句中缺少的成分可知選D。【知識拓展】怎樣確定填空處需要疑問代詞還是疑問副詞
判斷填空處需要疑問代詞還是疑問副詞，一是看句子的意思，二是看句子中缺少什么成分。例如：
-Jane looks blue today.-Yes.But she doesn’t want to tell us _______ that she is worried.A.what is it B.what it is C.why is it D.why it is 此題選D。一些學生誤選B。認為句意是她不想告訴我們她擔心什么。但是，what是疑問代詞在從句中要作主語、賓語、賓語等。若選B，要在worried后面加上about才可以。選D，句意是她不想告訴我們她為什么擔心，why在從句中作狀語。
由此題可知，做此類題時，一定要做到不僅看句子的意思還要看句子中缺少什么成分。3.(2010·全國卷II·T10)—Have you finished the book？
--No.I’ve read up to _____ the children discover the secret cave.A.which B.what C.that D.where 【解析】D。句意：-你讀完這本書了嗎？-沒有。我已經讀到孩子們發現秘密洞穴那兒。where在此引導賓語從句并在從句中做地點狀語，表示“在。。。的地方”。【知識拓展】一般過去時與現在完成時區別
1、一般過去時指一個單純的過去動作，與現在無關；現在完成時指過去的動作對現在的影響。例如：
1）He lost a pen yesterday.(單純的過去動作, 現在是否找到不知道)。
2）He has lost a pen.(這件事發生在過去，對現在產生的影響是沒有鋼筆用)。3）Who opened the door? 4）Who has opened the door?
5）Has he gone to the meeting?(會議正在進行)。6）Did he go to the meeting?(會議已經結束)。
2、現在完成時不可以與確定的過去時間連用，而一般過去時則可以。7）I was there in 1980.8)I have been there before.9)He met his brother in the street yesterday.10)He hasn't met his brother for a long time.4.（2010·江蘇卷·T35）—— I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays.—— That’s _______ I don’t agree.You should have a more active life.A.where B.how C.when D.what 【解析】選A。句意：—— 星期天我寧愿整天關在家里聽音樂?！?這就是我不同意的地方。你應該過更積極的生活。本題中agree 是不及物動詞，后面不接賓語，所以排除D項；同時上下文中并沒有涉及到方式和時間方面的信息，所以排除B項和C項?！霸谀撤矫媾c人觀點不一致”應該是指抽象的地點，所以用where引導表語從句。5.（2010·北京卷·T 31）.I want to be liked and loved for I am inside.A.who B.where C.what D.how 【解析】選C。句意：“我希望因為內心的東西而被別人喜歡和愛。”通過分析從句中的結構，可判斷出填空處需要連接代詞，故B，D兩項錯誤。由句意可知，強調的是內心的東西，即內容，所以要選what。6.（2010·北京卷·T 32）Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was __ it was rather closely modeled on his own life.A.what B.that C.why D.whether 【解析】選B。在這個表語從句中，要選的詞在從句里面不作任何成分，只起連接作用，無實際意義，只有B項符合這個要求，其他三個選項均不符合。7.（2010·北京卷·T 33）some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others.A.Whether B.What C.That D.How 【解析】選B。句意：“一些人認為是缺點的東西，會被其他許多人看做長處。”通過分析從句中的結構，可判斷出填空處需要連接代詞作賓語，可先排除AD兩項，又因為that在名詞性從句中不作任何成分，只起連接作用，所以又可排除C項。故用what，表示“什么東西”。8.（2010·福建卷·T 35）We should respect food and think about the people who don’t have ______we have here and treat food nicely.A.that B.which C.what D.whether 選C。分析句子結構可知，所填的詞引導賓語從句，而且在賓語從句中作have的賓語，所以what符合要求。which引導名詞性從句時，意思是“哪一個；哪一些”，通常有一個選擇的范圍，與語境不符。9.（2010·湖南卷·T35）Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears.No one in the office knew she was so angry.A.where
B.whether
C.that
D.why 選D。句意為：Cindy重重地關上門，失聲大哭，辦公室沒人知道她為什么這么生氣。這是一個賓語從句，根據句意可選出D。10.（201·0山東卷·T26）Before the sales start, I make a list of ______ my kids will need for the coming season.A.why B.what C.how D.which 【解析】選B。句意為：在大甩賣開始前，我把孩子們在下個季節里要用到的東西列了一個清單。分析句子結構可知，從空格處到句子結束為介詞of的賓語從句，空格處所填入的內容為從句中動詞need的賓語，所以B項結構正確。which 引導名詞性從句時多表示疑問且要有一個明確的范圍。why, how為連接副詞，在句中為原因或方式狀語。
11.（2010· 陜西卷·T 18）It never occurred to me _____ you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.A.which B.what C.that D.if 解析】選C。通過分析句子結構可知，it 作形式主語，me后面的從句是真正的主語，即主語從句。要選的詞在主語從句中不作任何成分，只起連接作用，只有that 符合要求。也可用排除法，which 一般引導從句時，常在從句中充當一定成分，if一般用來引導條件狀語從句或賓語從句，但二者均不用來引導主語從句，由此可排除AD兩項；C項what可用來引導主語從句，但在主語從句中必須作一定的成分，如主語或賓語，但該主語從句結構完整，所以也可排除。12．（2010·上海卷·T 36）One reason for her preference for city life is she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.A.that B.how C.what D.why 【解析】選A。句意：她偏愛城市生活的一個原因就是她可以很容易地進出像商場和飯店這樣的地方。在is后面的表語從句中，she為主語，can have easy access to是謂語，places是賓語，句子結構完整，故選A，that在表語從句中不作任何成分。how, what以及why在句子中要做成分，故排除。13（2010·上海卷·T 37）When changing lanes, a driver should use his turning signal to let other drivers know
A.he is entering which lane B.which lane he is entering C.is he entering which lane D.which lane is he entering 【解析】選B。句意：在轉換車道時，司機應當使用轉向信號燈，以使其他司機知道他所轉向哪個車道。動詞或介詞后的賓語從句應該用陳述語序，故選B。14.（2010·四川卷·T14）How much one enjoys himself travelling depends largely on he goes with, whether his friends or relatives.A.what B.who C.how D.why 【解析】選B。句意：一個人旅游多么享受在很大程度上取決于他和誰去，無論是他的朋友還是親戚。根據句中的 whether his friends or relatives可知應是和誰去，故選項B正確。15.（2010·天津卷·T14）As a new graduate, he doesn’t know it takes to start a business here.A.how B.what C.When D.which
【解析】選B。句意：作為一名剛畢業的學生，他不知道在這里做買賣需要什么。題干中的takes是及物動詞，須帶賓語，4個選項中可以在名詞性從句中起名詞作用的又有一定含義的連接詞是what（什么；所。。的），how（怎樣）和when（什么時候）在名詞性從句中起狀語的作用。which（哪一個）起定語的作用。所以選what。16.（2010·浙江卷·T9）It is uncertain __ side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it.A.that B.what C.how D.whether 【解析】選B?？疾橹髡Z從句用法。本句意義為：“雖然大約有2000病人服用過這種藥，但是它到底會帶來什么副作用還不可知?！眞hat side effect 在此處做bring about的賓語。17.（2010·重慶卷·T25）To improve the quality of our products ,we asks for suggestions ___ had used the products.A.whoever B.who C.whichever D.which 【解析】選A。句意：為了提高我們的產品質量，我們征詢了曾經使用過這種產品的人的建議。選題關鍵是要了解本題的結構，考生很可能會誤認為是定語從句而選了D，ask sb for suggestions向某人征求建議，排除C和D.who的意思是“誰” whoever的意思是“無論誰”相當于anyone who 2011年高考題
1.（四川卷T10）Our teachers always tell us to believe in we do and who we are if we want to succeed.A.why B.how C.what D.which 【解析】選C考查賓語從句。句意為:老師總是告訴我們，如果想要成功，就要相信我們所做的事情以及我們是誰。believe in 之后是兩個并列的賓語從句，在第一個從句里，動詞do 缺少賓語，所以用what。故選C.2.（山東卷T26）I’m afraid he’s more of a talker than a doer, which is _____ he never finishes anything.A.that B.when C.where D.why
【解析】選D。恐怕他在很大程度上是一個空談的人而不是一個干實事的人，這就是他為什么一事無成的原因。根據句子語法結構，why在句中用來引導表語從句。其他連詞與句子語意不符。
3.（山東卷T33）We’ve offered her the job, but I don’t know _____ she’ll accept it.A.where B.what C.whether D.which
【解析】選C?？疾槊~性從句。句意為：我們已經為她提供了這份工作，但我不知道她是否會接受。選項中whether引導賓語從句表示是否，where表示地點；what往往在名詞性從句中指“……的人或物”；which表示“哪一個”。
4.（江西卷T26）The villagers have already known we’ll do is to rebuild the bridge.A．this B．that C．what D．which 【解析】選C。考查名詞性從句。句意為：村民們已經知道我們將要做的事情是重建這座橋。后面的賓語從句的主語從句中缺少主語且指物，所以選擇what。
5.（遼寧卷T23）Twenty students want to attend the class that aims to teach to read first.A.what B.who C.how D.why 【解析】選C。考查賓語從句的引導詞，句意為：二十名學生想參加旨在于教授如何快速閱讀的課程。what什么；who誰；how如何，符合句意；why為什么。
6.（遼寧卷T32）When the news came the war broke out, he decided to serve in the army.A.since B.which C.that D.because 【解析】 選C?？疾橥徽Z從句，句意為：當戰爭已爆發的消息傳來時，他決定到軍隊中服役。空格后the war broke out為news的內容，構成了同位語從句，而且從句中什么成分也不缺，要用that來引導，that不能省略。since自從，既然；which哪一個；because因為，引導原因狀語從句。
7.（陜西卷T15）I’d like to start my own business—that’s I’d do if I had the money.A.why B.when C.which D.what 【解析】選D?？疾槊~性從句。句意：如果我有這么多錢，我會自己做買賣，那就是我想做的事情。句中what在表語從句中充當賓語。what I’d do意為“我所愿意做的事情”。
8.（湖南卷T31）Before a problem can be solved, it must be obvious _____ the problem itself is.A.what B.that C.which D.why
【解析】選A?？疾槊~性從句。句意：在解決問題之前必須弄清楚問題本身是什么。what引導主語從句，并在主語從句中充當表語。注：句中的it是形式主語。
9.（天津卷T13）Modern science has given clear evidence ______ smoking can lead to many diseases.A.what B.which C.that D.where 【解析】選C?？疾槊~性從句，句意為：現代科學已給出了明顯的證據，吸煙會導致許多疾病。Smoking can lead to many diseases是evidence的內容，evidence在此句中不做成分，此句是個完整的句子，不缺成分，是同位語從句。所以選引導詞that。What, which和where需要在句子中做成分。
10.（上海卷T35）There is clear evidence ______ the most difficult feeling of all to interpret is bodily pain.A.what B.if C.how D.that 【解析】選D?？疾橥徽Z從句和引導詞。句意為：有清晰的證據證明最難詮釋的感情是身體上的疼痛。分析句子結構可知the most difficult feeling of all to interpret is bodily pain作evidence的同位語，因此引導詞要用that，that在同位語從句中不作成分，但不能省略，故選D。
11.（上海卷T38）The message you intend to convey through words may be the exact opposite of ______ others actually understand.A.why B.that C.which D.what 【解析】選D。考查名詞性從句。句意為：你想用言語表達的信息或許與其他人實際上理解的內容恰恰相反。why引導定語從句或賓語從句；that引導賓語從句，同位語從句，表語從句，定語從句或主語從句，但在主語從句中不作成分；which引導定語從句或賓語從句；what引導名詞性從句，在從句中作主語或賓語，可以理解為“……的人、事物等”，由句意可知選D。
12.（江蘇卷T26）It was never clear _______ the man hadn’t reported the accident sooner.A.that B.how C.when D.why 【解析】選D。考查主語從句，句意為：這個人為什么沒有盡快報告這個事故，還不清楚。根據句意可知主語從句中缺少原因狀語，故用why。that引導主語從句不作句子成分；how作方式狀語；when作時間狀語。
13.（重慶卷T22）It is still under discussion __________the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.A.whether B.when C.which D.where 【解析】選 A?？疾槊~性從句。句意為：舊汽車站是否應該被重建為現代化的賓館仍然在商討中。引導名詞性從句時，A項意為“是否”，并且能與or not連用；B項意為“……的時間”；C項意“哪一個，哪一些”；D項意為“……的地點”。此句中，it為形式主語，后面為真正的主語從句，由句意以及后面的or not可知選A。
14.（重慶卷T34）It is not always easy for the public to see _______ use a new invention can be of to human life.A.whose B.what C.which D.that 【解析】選B?？疾槊~性從句。句意為：對于公眾來說，要想知道一項新的發明對人了的生活有什么用處并不總是一件容易的事。此句中，it為形式主語，to see _____ use a new invention can be of to human life是真正的主語，其中_____ use a new invention can be of to human life是see的賓語從句，其正常語序為a new invention can be of _____ use to human life，引導賓語從句時，whose +n.表示“誰的”；what +n.表示“什么”；which +n.表示“哪個、哪些”；that后面不能接名詞。由此可以看出該空填what，what use“什么用處”，故選B。15（安徽卷T33）His writing is so confusing that it’s difficult to make out _____it is he is trying to express.A.that B.how C.who D.what 【解析】選 D?？疾槊~性從句。句意為：他的筆跡非?；靵y，很難弄清他想表達什么意思。本題考查動詞短語make out引起的的賓語從句，該空在賓語從句中作express的賓語，表示事物，故選擇D項。that在賓語從句中不作句子成分；how作方式狀語；who作主語，指人。只有what可用作賓語并且指事物。
16.（北京卷T22）Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.A.Which B.What C.That D.Whom 【解析】 選B?？疾槊~性從句中的主語從句。句意為：芭芭拉?瓊斯提供給她的狂熱仰慕者的是誠實和快樂。offer sth.to sb.給某人提供某物，由此可知從句中offer后面缺少賓語，應用what來作賓語并引導從句，故選B。
17.（北京卷T31）The shocking news made me realize terrible problems we would face.A.what B.how C.that D.why 【解析】 選A?？疾橘e語從句。句意為：這令人震驚的消息使我意識到我們會面臨著多么可怕的問題。賓語從句為感嘆句：“what(+a/an)+形容詞+名詞+主語+謂語”結構，故答案為A。
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