第一篇：高中英語必修3_Unit_5_語法教學案

2013-2014學年度紫荊中學高一英語（必修3）Unit5導學案設計：郭鳳萍

審核：高一英語集研組

班級：小組：組內號：姓名：評價：必修3 Unit 5Canada―“The True North學案導學

Period four grammar：同位語從句

一、Preparation for the lesson before class

Stepone: make a thorough inquiry for grammar

learn by oneself（SB P37 Discovering useful structures）

Let’s students find out and understand concepts usesofby consuling materials.同位語從句是名詞性從句的一種，常用從屬連詞that引導，（when, where, who等也可引導），常常跟在fact, idea, opinion, news, hope, ability, patience, answer, order, 邏輯上表現為同位關系。例如：

① Finally the workers got an answer that the government could do nothing to raise their wages.工人們最終得知政府不會采取任何措施來增加他們的工資。

② They are familiar with the opinion that all matter consists of atoms.他們很熟悉這一觀點，所有的物質都是由原子構成的。

二、Discussing each other during class

審核：高一英語集研組

班級：小組：組內號：姓名：評價：

Steptwo:同位語從句與that引導的定語從句的區別

：

1）從先行詞來看

同位語從句與名詞在本質上是同一的，是形式與內容的關系，該名詞是需要做特殊說明的抽象名詞。例如：

They were delighted at the news that their team had won.當聽到他們的球隊贏了的消息時，他們欣喜若狂。

邏輯關系：The news was that their team had won.2)從引導詞來看

引導詞that在同位語從句中是連詞，只起連接作用，無具體含義，that不可省略；that在定語從句中是關系代詞，他在從句中充當一定成分：主語或賓語，有具體詞意，作賓語時還可以省略。試比較：

①The factory(that)we visited yesterday is a chemical one.我們昨天參觀的那家工廠是化工廠。(that在從句中作賓語)

②The news that he will leave for Shanghai is true.他將要去上海的消息是真的。（that只起連接從句的作用。）

Stepthree:同位語從句的簡易判斷方法

因同位語從句與其先行詞在邏輯上是同位關系，所以，我們可在名詞和從句之間加系動詞be, 使其可以構成一個新句子，如果合乎邏輯，句子通順，則句子為同位語從句；定語從句是不能夠用系表結構把先行詞與從句連接起來的。例如：

審核：高一英語集研組

班級：小組：組內號：姓名：評價：The thief that the earth is flat is still held in some countries.地球是扁平的這一觀念依然在一些國家存在。(The belief is that the earth is flat.)

三、Summary

Stepfour:Teacher and students toghter.課后拓展

※單項填空

1.A story goes _____ Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court.A.whenB.whereC.whatD.that

2.There is a feeling in me ______ we’ll never know what a UFO is forever.A.thatB.whichC.ofwhichD.what

3.Word came ______ the examination will be held in June instead of in July.A.thatB.whenC.whetherD.what

4.The fact ______ he failed the exam is not the one ______ he told me.A.which;thatB.that;thatC.which;whichD./;that

5.I have no idea ______ we ______ hand in our papers after class.A.if;needB.whether;need toC.if;ought toD.that;dare

6.They didn’t tell me the fact ______ they had already paid the bill.A.thatB.howC.whatD.if

審核：高一英語集研組

班級：小組：組內號：姓名：評價：

7.Information has been put forward ______ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.A.whichB.thatC.whenD.what

8.The doctors are trying to reduce the patient’s fear ______ he would die of disease.A.whichB.whenC.thatD.if

9.You have not answered my question ______ I can join in the party tonight.A.whetherB.ifC.whichD.that

10.It is a common belief _______ teenagers today know about computers and are familiar _____ using them in all aspects of life.A.that;outB.what;withC.that;withD.what;about

11.There is no doubt _____ my friend Smith will come to visit China soon.A.thatB.whetherC.ifD.when

12.The possibility ______ the majority of the labour force will work at home is often discussed.A.whichB./C.thatD.what

13.The suggestion _____ students should learn some practical knowledge is worth considering.A.ifB.whichC./D.that

14.The news came ______ The British Queen’s Mother celebrated her 101st

2013-2014學年度紫荊中學高一英語（必修3）Unit5導學案設計：郭鳳萍審核：高一英語集研組

班級：小組：組內號：姓名：評價：

15.birthday in good health, _____ isn’t surprising, because she lives an easy life and gets the best medical care.A.that;whichB.which;whichC.that;thatD.when;as

16.Along with the letter was his promise _____ he would visit me on this coming Christmas.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whether

17.There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars ______ road conditions need ______.A.that;to be improvedB.which;to be improved

C.where;improvingD.when;improving

17.It was with great joy ______ he received the news ______ his lost son would soon return home.A.because;thatB.that;thatC.because;whichD.that;/

18.A decision was made _______ those who once lied to the factory in order to get a job would not be allowed to stay.A.whetherB.whenC.thatD.once

19.One of the men held the view ________ the book said was right.A.that whatB.what thatC.thatD.all which

20.It is no longer a question now _______man can land on the moon.A.thatB.whichC.whetherD.what

Suggested answer:1-5.DAABB;6-10.ABCAC;11-15.ACDAB;16-20.ABCAA

第二篇：高中英語必修4_Unit_3_語法教案

高中英語必修4 Unit 3語法教案 PeriodIV Grammer

Teaching aim: Grasp the usages of-ing form and use them freely I.Preparation for grammer before class.STEP1.[自學探究]（SB P21 Discovering useful structures）

1.v.ing 做定語

▲動名詞放在所修飾的名詞前面作為定語，表示該名詞的用途或有關的動作。walking stick 手杖

printing shop 印務館

dining room飯廳

reading room 閱覽室

swimming pool 游泳池

washing machine洗衣機 a waiting room(= a room for waiting)候車室 a walking stick(=a stick for walking)手杖

▲現在分詞做定語，說明所修飾名詞進行的動作。a waiting man(=a man who is waiting)正在等待的男人 a sleeping child(= a child who is sleeping)正在睡覺的孩子 2.v.ing 作表語

▲動名詞做表語是對主語內容的解釋，這時主語與表語位置可以互換。Its full time job is laying eggs.他的專職工作是產卵。

Our job is playing all kinds of music.我們的工作就是演奏各種音樂。Playing all kinds of music is our job.演奏各種音樂是我們的工作。

＊現在分詞做表語，表明的是主語的性質與特征，主語與表語位置不可互換。The music they are playing sounds exciting.他們演奏的音樂是如此令人興奮。The task of this class is practising the idioms.這節課的任務是練習這些短語。Seeing is believing.眼見為實。

My work is looking after the children.我的工作是照看這些孩子。3.v.－ing作賓語補足語的用法

v.－ing 形式主要用于以下兩類動詞后構成賓語補助語。

⑴表示感覺和狀態的動詞，如see, hear, feel, smell, watch, find, notice等。例如: I heard Mr.Smith singing in the next door.我聽到史密斯先生在隔壁唱歌。I felt someone patting on the shoulder.我感到有人拍了拍我的肩膀。

⑵表示“指使”等意義的動詞，如have, set, keep, get, catch, leave等。例如: We won’t have you doing that.我們不允許你這么做。

I’m sorry to have kept you waiting long.對不起，讓你久等了。II.Make a thorough inquiry during class.Teacher and students work toghter.STEP2.精例點撥

1.The salesman scolded the girl caught _____ and let her off.A.to have stolen B.to be stealing C.to steal D.stealing [解析]本題考查動詞非謂語形式在句中作賓補的用法。正確掌握并靈活運用非謂語形式是解此類題的關鍵，另外，解這一題目也要用還原法，即catch the girl stealing，若沒有把catch the girl stealing 還原，也是很難找出本題的答案的，因此，解題時，不但要有扎實的基礎知識，還要掌握解題技巧。本題旨在考查catch sb.doing sth.（發現某人做某事）這一短語，故先排除A、C兩項，由于girl與catch之間是被動關系，因此需要用catch的過去分詞形式作后置定語，stealing所作的只能是定語中的補足語，故本題最佳答案為D。

2.In the study, I found my son ______ at a desk, with his attention ______ on a book.A.sitting;fixing B.sit;fixed C.sitting;to be fixed D.seated;fixed [解析]此題考查不定式與分詞作賓補的區別以及短語fix one’s attention的用法。解答此題時，應特別留意不定式與分詞作賓補的區別；第二應注意倘若邏輯賓語提前，則with+復合賓語中賓補應用過去分詞表示被動。因為強調found的動作與sit同時進行，而省去to的不定式sit作賓補表示動作的完成，但sitting和seated皆可。第二空中，attention原為fix的邏輯賓語，所以應選fixed作賓語補足語。故此題正確答案為：D。III.當堂達標

STEP3.Ask students to finish with 7minutes given 單項選擇

1.I don’t mind her_________ jewels at the party.A.wear B.to wear

C.wearing D.worn 2.After her famous husband’s death, Eleanor Roosevelt continued ________for peace.A.working

B.work

C.the working

D.to working 3.Mark often attempts to escape _________whenever he breaks traffic regulations.A.having been fined

B.to be fined

C.to have been fined

D.being fined 4.Ann never dreams of _________ for her to be sent abroad very soon.A.there being a chance

B.there to be a chance C.there be a chance

D.being a chance 5.— What made him so unhappy? — _______ the ticket for the football match.A.Having been lost

B.Lost

C.Because of losing

D.Losing 6.After _______for the job, you will be required to take a language test.A.being interviewed

B.interviewed

C.interviewing D.having interviewed 7.I don’t know what illness he suffered from, but I do remember he mentioned _______ in hospital last year.A.to have been

B.to be

C.having been

D.being 8.I still remember you, as a student, _________ sweetly.A.to sing

B.singing

C.being singing

D.sing 9.The boy’s _______ school late again and again caused the teacher to wonder why.A.to come

B.coming

C.being coming

D.come 10.— Why do you think of the film Harry Potter?

— Oh, excellent.It’s worth _______ a second time.A.to see

B.to be seen

C.seeing

D.being seen 11.These young scientists succeeded _________ the new software.A.produced

B.to produce

C.in producing

D.produce 12.— I apologized to you ________ your dictionary for so long.— It doesn’t matter.A.to keep

B.for having kept

C.of keeping

D.for keeping Step4.summary Step5.Master grammer’s uses futher.Suggested answer 語法單項選擇CADA DACB BCCB

第三篇：高中英語必修4 Unit 4 語法教案

Period IV Grammar(必修4，unit4)Teaching aim: Grasp the usages of-ing form used as the attributive and the adverbial I.Preparation for the grammar by oneself before class.[自學探究]（SB P29 Discovering useful structures）

II.Students work toghter to make a thorough inquiry during class.[合作學習］

STEP1.現在分詞作定語

現在分詞及其短語可以在句子中作定語，其作用相當于一個定語從句。其動作和謂語動詞同時發生，與其修飾詞之間是主動關系，也就是說現在分詞的動作就是它修飾的那個詞的動作。

1．現在分詞作定語時的位置

（1）現在分詞作定語時多置于它所修飾的名詞之前；分詞短語用于它所修飾詞的后面。例如：

He is an attacking player.他是一個攻擊型的運動員。They lived a room facing the north thirty years ago.三十年前，他住在一個朝北的房間里。

（2）如現在分詞修飾由some/any/no + thing/body/one所形成的不定代詞或指示代詞those時，分詞在這些被修飾詞的后面。例如：

Anyone swimming will be punished.正在游泳的任何人都將受到懲罰。

重點把握：動詞-ing形式中的動名詞也可用作定語，它表示用作…的，而現在分詞作定語通常相當于一個定語從句。如：

a writing table = a table used for writing ；a sleeping boy = a boy who is sleeping

2、現在分詞作定語時與謂語動詞的時間關系

現在分詞表進行意味和主動意味，因此，用現在分詞作定語時，其表示的動作是與謂語動詞同時發生的,或是正在發生的動作。例如：

There were no soldiers drilling.= There were no soldiers who were drilling.沒有士兵在操練。The man running over there is our chairman.= The man who is running over there is our chairman.正在朝那邊跑的那個人是我們主席。

重點把握：having done(現在分詞的完成時態)表示該動作先于另一個動作，現在分詞的完成時態永遠不能作定語。

3、如果一個及物動詞作定語，既要表達進行意味，又要表達被動意味時，可用現在分詞的被動語態。例如：

The meeting being held is very important.正召開的會議很重要。The skyscraper being built is still higher than that built the year before last.正在建的那幢摩天大樓比前年建的那幢還高。STEP2.現在分詞作狀語

現在分詞及其短語可在句子中作狀語來修飾謂語動詞或整個句子。用來表示動作發生的時間、原因、結果、條件、讓步、或伴隨情況等。例如：

Climbing to the top of the hill, we saw a beautiful view.爬上山頂后我看到了一幅美麗的景象。Being sick I stayed at home.我因病呆在家里。

重點把握：如指將來的動作就可用不定式的被動語態，如： a meeting to be held 將要召開的會議 如表過去可用過去分詞 a meeting held 開過的會議

1、現在分詞作狀語與謂語動詞時間關系

（1）現在分詞表示的動作和謂語動詞表示的動作同時發生或幾乎同時發生分詞用一般形式。例如：

Not recognizing the voice, he refused to give the person his address.因為沒聽出這個人的聲音，他沒把自己的地址給他。

It rained heavily, causing great damage.大雨滂沱，造成了很大損害。He ran up to her breathing heavily.他氣喘吁吁的跑到她面前。【重點把握】

分詞作作狀語時必須注意分詞的邏輯主語必須與句子主語保持一致。但是，有幾個常用詞組不符合這種語法限制。如：

generally speaking, considering, judging from, talking from，supposing（為連詞意思為假如）,（2）現在分詞表示的動作和謂語表示動作（或狀態）是同時發生或幾乎同時發生的。否

則現在分詞需用完成形式。例如：

Having already seen the film twice, she didn’t want to go to the cinema.這電影他已看過兩遍，他不想去看了。

Not having received his father’s letter, he decided to make a call to him.因為沒收到他父親的信，他決定打個電話給他父親。

思維拓展

過去分詞狀語時，其表示的動作時句子主語承受的動作。他們之間的關系是被動關系。Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.如果對這些樹更關心一些，他們本來會長的更好。

2、現在分詞作狀語時，現在分詞的動作就是句子主語的動作。因此，句子主語與現在分詞之間是主動關系。例如：

I run out of the house shouting.我喊叫著跑出屋來。I got home, feeling very tired.我疲憊的回到家里

3、有些現在分詞作狀語時，其前可用after, before, since, when, while, whenever, once, until, on, as等詞。例如：

After talking to you, I always fell better.和你談過話后我總感覺好一些。When telephoning London numbers from abroad, dial 1, not 01.從國外往倫敦打電話，請撥1，不是01。III.Teacher work toghter with students STEP3.［典例解析］

1.The secretary worked late into the night, ____ a long speech for the president.A to prepare

B preparing C prepared

D was preparing [解析] 本題考察現在分詞作伴隨狀語用法。分詞與邏輯主語之間為主動關系，故選B。2.____ a reply, he decided to write again.A Not receiving

B Receiving not

C Not having received

D Having not received [解析]分詞短語表示的動作在謂語動詞之前發生，故用現在分詞的完成時態。Not 要放在非謂語動詞之前。

3.“Can't you read?” Mary said ____ to the notice.A angrily pointing

B and point angrily

C angrily pointed

D and angrily pointing [解析] 現在分詞作伴隨狀語，分詞與邏輯主語之間為主動關系，故選現在分詞。故答案為A。

4.The meeting ____ now is very important.A held

B to be held

C being held

D holding [解析]會議是被召開的，故排除掉D。根據時間狀語now我們知道會議是正在召開的，而不定式作定語表將來。故答案為C 5.If you want a letter ____ , you must keep in mind several rules while ____.A written;written

B well written;writing

C well writing;writing

D well written;write [解析]第一個空為過去分詞作定語，分詞與他修飾的名次之間有被動關系，所以用過去分詞。第二個空是while加現在分詞作時間狀語。現在分詞與其邏輯主語之間為主動關系。故答案為B。

6.He never spends a _____ day.A more worry

B most worrying C more worrying

D more worried [解析]因句子具有“a day worried him”即a day is worrying的意義，所以需用worrying。故答案為C。

7.——— speaking, women live longer than men.A.Judging from

B.generally

C.Supposing

D.Taking everything into consideration [解析] 此句子考察的是表示說話人態度的一些慣用法。依據句子意思應是一般說來的，通常說來，故選 B IV.當堂達標

1._____to understand what he doesn’t, he makes a fool of himself.A.Always pretended B.Having always pretendedC.Always being pretended D.Always pretended 2.To get there in time, they came _____all the way.A.running B.run C.ran D.to run 3.We’ll go to have a picnic tomorrow or the day after _____ on the weather.A.depended B.depending C.depends

D.is depending 4.It has rained nonstop for ten days, completely _____ our holiday.A.ruining

B.to ruin

C.ruined

D.has ruined 5.They set out _____for the _____.A.searching losing B.searching lost C.to search lost D.searched losing 6.It’s a pleasure to watch the face of a _____baby.A.asleep B.sleep C.sleeping D.slept 7.The boy sat there _____what to do.A.doesn’t knowing B.didn’t knowing C.not know D.not knowing

8.The secretary worked late into the night, _____a long speech for the international conference.A.to prepare B.prepared C.preparing D.was preparing 9.European football is played in 80 countries _____it the most popular sport in the world.A.making B.makes C.made D.to make 10.The _____Prime Minister expressed his satisfaction with his talks, _____that he had enjoyed his stay here A.visiting ,add B.visited, adding

C.visiting, adding D.visited, added

11.Due to the heavy rain and flooding, ten million people have been forced _____ their homes.A.leaving

B.to leave

C.to be left

D.being left

語法同步練習

1----5 DABAB 6---10CDCAC B

STEP4.Summary and homework.Do the exercises toghter with the text.

第四篇：高中英語常用語法

常用語法

一：時態：所謂的“時態”，就是時間+狀態。謂語動詞的時態見下表： 1．主動形式

過去 現在 將來 過去將來

一般 did do will/shall do should/would do 進行 was/were doing am/is/are doing will/shall be doing / 完成 had done have/has done will/shall have done should/would have done用于虛擬語氣

完成進行 had been doing have/has been doing / / 2．被動形式

過去 現在 將來 過去將來

一般 was/were given am/is/are given will/shall be given should/would be given 進行 was/were being given am/is/are being given / / 完成 had been given have/has been given will/shall have been given should/would have been given 完成進行 / / /

一．非謂語動詞 一．不定式：

一）不定式的常考形式：

1)一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others.被動形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do.語法功能： 表示與謂語動詞同步發生

2)完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me.被動形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages.語法功能：表示發生在謂語動詞之前 二）不定式常考的考點： 1）不定式做定語----將要發生 2）不定式做狀語----目的

3）不定式充當名詞功能---To see is to believe.三)不定式的省略

1)感官動詞 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel + do

表示動作的完整性，真實性； + doing 表示動作的連續性，進行性

I saw him work in the garden yesterday.昨天我看見他在花園里干活了。(強調“我看見了”這個事實)I saw him working in the garden yesterday.昨天我見他正在花園里干活。（強調“我見他正干活”這個動作）

? 感官動詞后面接形容詞而不是副詞：The cake tastes good;It feels comfortable.2)使役動詞 have bid make let 等詞后不定式要省略但同1)一樣被動以后要還原to I ?d like to have John do it.I have my package weighed.Paul doesn‘t have to be made to learn.3)help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do 四)有些動詞后只跟不定式如：

want，wish，hope，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan，offer，decide，agree，expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do force sb to do.be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to do be ambitious to do.begin to do.start to do

五)有的時候to后面要接-ing形式

accustom(oneself)to;be accustomed to;face up to;in addition to;look forward to;object to;be reduced to;resign oneself to;be resigned to;resort to;sink to;be used to;be alternative to;be close/closeness to;be dedication/dedicated to;be opposition/opposed to;be similarity/similar to.三、need/want 后的-ing形式具有被動的意思。其中，want不太常用。

He needs(a lot of)encouraging.二.動名詞： 具有動作性特征的名詞 1)是名詞 seeing is believing 2)具有動詞性特征可以帶賓語 starving troops is necessary.一)動名詞的形式: 一般形式：I don't like you smoking.完成形式：I regret not having taken your advice.被動形式：This question is far from being settled.二)動名詞常考的點

1)動名詞做主語謂語動詞為單數

2)在動名詞和不定式中,做為介詞的賓語是動名詞

3)動名詞的否定直接在其前加否定詞,通過代詞的賓格或所有格形式給出邏輯主語.I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon．

A．you to call B．you call C．you calling D．you're calling（Key：C your calling 也對）I regret not having taken your advice.4)有些詞后只能接動名詞

admit;appreciate;avoid;celebrate;consider;contemplate;defer;delay;deny;detest;discontinue;dislike;dispute;enjoy;it entails;escape;excuse;explain;fancy;feel like;finish;forgive;can't help;hinder;imagine;it involves;keep;it means;mention;mind;miss;it necessitates;pardon;postpone;practice;prevent;recall;report;resent;resist;risk;suggest;understand...另外還有一些接-ing形式的常用說法：

it's no good;it's no/little/hardly any/ use;it's not/hardly/scarcely use;it's worthwhile;spend money/time;there's no;there's no point in;there's nothing worse than;what's the use/point...5有些詞后加不定式和動名詞均可

remember, forget, try, stop, go on, cease, mean后面用不定式和-ing形式，意義截然不容。

I remembered to post the letters.(指未來/過去未來的動作)I remembered posting/having posting the letters(我記得這個動作)forgot與remember的用法類似。

I regret to inform you that… 我很遺憾地通知你…

I regretted having left the firm after twenty years.為了“二十年前的離開”而遺憾。try to 努力 You really must try to overcome your shyness.try –ing 試驗 Try practicing five hours a day.I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to.[打算、想]我想去，但我父親不讓我去。

To raise wage means increasing purchasing power.[意味著]贈加工資意味著增加購買力。

prefer的用法： 我寧愿在這里等。

I prefer to wait here.（所以啊，你不介意的話，我就等下去。）I prefer waiting here.（我正在這里等，我就喜歡這么做。）

I prefer swimming to cycling.（這個句子里面就不能用不定式了。）分詞：

現在分詞主動進行,過去分詞被動狀態 現在分詞的形式: 1)一般式: Do you see the man talking to the dean（主任）?(與謂語動詞同步發生)2)完成形式：Not having made adequate preparations, they failed.(發生謂語動詞之前)3)完成被動形式：Having been adapted, the script seems perfect.(發生謂語動詞之前且表示被動)過去分詞

1)過去分詞表示被動：Fight no battle unprepared.2)過去分詞的進行形式：You'll find the topic being discussed everywhere.(強調正在被做)這三種非謂語動詞，都可以構成復合結構，非謂語動詞所修飾的成分是這些非謂語動詞的邏輯主語。他們之間的一致關系——主動還是被動，往往就是考點。獨立主格結構中，要注意的是分詞與他前面的邏輯主語之間的主動被動的關系。

二：虛擬三：虛擬語氣

情態動詞所表達的可能性程度：must/can't ? should/shouldn't ? might/may(not)另外兩個“類情態詞的形式：”need/needn't;have to/don't have to ? 最自然的虛擬狀態：由should/would+原型時態（不含時間只含狀態）本質上是過去將來時：即，時間固定在過去將來，狀態不同：一般、進行、完成、完成進行。這時“虛擬語氣”的產生往往是因為我們要表達“本來應該……”（而現在卻還沒有……）（本來可以……，本來能……）

I should go!(… but I'm still here!)(一般)I should be working now!(進行)I should have practiced more(than I did)!(完成)我應該多多練習！（言下之意，現在我練習得不多。）

I shouldn't dream away my time too much!(完成的否定)(actually I did dream away my time too much!)It shouldn't have been leaking for such a long time!(完成進行)I may/might/could have finished!(完成)一些常見的句型中，就會出現這種虛擬語氣，而處于從句之中，should 常常被省略掉 o suggest, advise, propose, recommend, plan;o demand, order, direct, arrange, command, decide;o require, request;o think, expect, believe, insist, suspect.由于他們的含義中包含“建議，假設，應該”這類的含義，所以，由他們引起的從句中，就會包含有should+原型時態構成的虛擬語氣。

這些動詞（以及他們的名次形式，分詞形式）引起的從句還有其他的變形： 主語從句，表語從句，同位語從句

It's suggested that… My suggestion is that… The only suggestion that...The only suggestion I can give you now is that… 一些形容詞引起的表語從句中，也會有同樣的情況

important;necessary;essential It's natural;strange;incredible that a pity;a shame;no wonder ? 由lest, for fear that, in case 引起的從句中多使用should ? 表達與事實相反

1.與現在相反：使用[過去時]：

I wish I were not here!(一般現在?一般過去)Suppose we were not here.He loved me as if I were his own son.(一般現在?一般過去)Hope I weren't always losing things!(現在進行?過去進行)If only/If I hadn't been there!(現在完成?過去完成)What if I hadn't been waiting right here!(現在完成進行?過去完成進行)常考句型：It's(high)time(that)…;would rather(that)…

這兩個從句，只能表達對現在的看法，所以，從句中只有一般過去時。2.與過去相反：過去完成時；

How nice it is if I had past the test!How nice it is if I had slept a little more this morning!3.與將來相反？將來的事情沒有發生，所以只能推測。

If it rains tomorrow, we'll have to stay one day more.不過，由于可以用be to表示將來；所以，虛擬語氣中經常出現were to；也是CET-4的常考語法點。? 虛擬條件句

o if 部分，做一個與事實相反的假設（所以只有一般過去和過去完成）；

o 主句部分，這是表示基于這個假設的推測，一般使用情態動詞would，少數情況下使用could/might/may。

o 注意：兩個部分之間，是有邏輯關系，而在兩部分的謂語動詞時態上，沒有必然的聯系。

? 注意，虛擬條件句中的if可以省略，造成were/had提前，產生倒裝。? 隱含的非真實條件

What would you do with 50 thousand dollar? How could I be happy without you? 除了條件狀語從句之外，原因狀語從句也會出現虛擬語氣。

o 由in order that, so that引起的從句，肯定的時候可以使用may/might;can/could;否定的時候，多用shouldn't;o whoever, whatever, no matter what引起的從句中，多用may+

情態動詞的基本用法及其區別

一、用―情態動詞＋have ＋done‖結構表示對過去動作的推測

常見的結構有： must have done：

表示對過去動作的肯定推測，常譯作―一定做了……‖，只能用于肯定句中。其否定形式為can‘t／couldn‘t have done?

疑問式為Can／Could...have done﹖。

could ／might have done：表示對過去發生的動作的可能性推測，常譯作―可能做了……‖。如：

1)My sister met him at the Grand Theater yesterday afternoon, so he ＿＿＿＿＿ your lecture． ? A． couldn‘t have attended B． needn‘t have attended C． mustn‘t have attended D． shouldn‘t have attended 本題選A。

2)Jack ＿＿＿＿ yet, otherwise he would have telephoned me． A． mustn‘t have arrived B． shouldn‘t have arrived C． can‘t have arrived

D． need not have arrived（C）

2．當前后句在動作和意義上構成轉折關系時，常借助―but, however, instead‖等詞來表示過去的動作與客觀事實不符，這種結構常見的有：

should have done ／ ought to have done：表示過去本應該做某事而實際上沒有做。should not have done ／ ought not to have done：表示過去本不應該做某事但事實上卻做了。

need have done：表示過去本來有必要去做某事，但事實上沒有做。

need not have done：表示過去本來沒有必要做某事，但事實上卻做了。如：

3)I was really anxious about you． You ＿＿＿＿＿ home without a word．

A． mustn‘t leave B． shouldn‘t have left C． couldn‘t have left D． needn‘t leave ―本不應該離家出走卻走了‖，故本題選B。

4)I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I ＿＿＿＿＿ for her．

A． had to write it out

B． must have written it out

C． should have written it out D． ought to write it out 由句中的連詞but可知前后句之間是對立關系，分析題意可知本題應選C。

二、情態動詞基本用法。

5)—Is John coming by train﹖

—He should, but he ＿＿＿＿＿＿ not． He likes driving his car．

A． must B． can C． need D． may mustn‘t 表示―禁止、不準‖；cannot 表示―不可能‖；need not 表示―不必要‖；may not 表示―可能不‖。分析語境可知本題應選D。

6)—I hear you‘ve got a set of valuable Australian coins． ＿＿＿＿＿＿ I have a look﹖

—Yes, certainly．

A． Do B． May C． Shall D． Should 分析語境可知這是在征求對方的許可，may表示―允許、可以‖，語氣比較委婉。shall常用于第一、三人稱作主語的疑問句中,表示征求對方意見和指示，如果此空用shall，則意為―要（我）看一下嗎？‖，不符合上下文意思。故本題選B。

7)Mr Bush is on time for everything． How ＿＿＿＿ it be that he was late for the opening ceremony﹖

A． can B． should C． may D． must

must be 表示肯定的猜測，只能用于肯定句中，由題意可知本題應選A。

8)—Are you coming to Jeff‘s party﹖

—I‘m not sure． I ＿＿＿＿ go to the concert instead． A． must B． would C． should D． might 由題意和下句中的 ―I‘m not sure‖

可知這段對話中存在一種可能性推測，might可以用來表示一種比較委婉的可能性判斷，故本題選D。又如： I should have been there, but I ＿＿＿＿＿ not find the time．

A． would B． could C． might D． should 分析題意可知第二個分句表示過去的某種能力；C 項只表示語氣上的可能性，與題意不符。故本題選B。

9)Johnny, you ＿＿＿＿ play with the knife, you ＿＿＿＿ hurt yourself．

A． won‘t;can‘t B． mustn‘t;may

C． shouldn‘t;must D． can‘t;shouldn‘t

mustn‘t 表示―不可以；禁止‖，分析題意可知第二個空表示某種可能性，故本題選B。

10)—Will you stay for lunch﹖

—Sorry, ＿＿＿＿＿＿． My brother is coming to see me． A． I mustn‘t B． I can‘t C． I needn‘t D． I won‘t

分析題意可知因為―我弟弟要來看我‖，所以―不能留下‖，因此對別人的邀請或要求應給予禮貌的拒絕。A 項表示―禁止‖；C項表示―不必要‖；而D項表示―不會‖，均不符合題意。故本題選B。又如：

—Could I borrow your dictionary﹖ —Yes, of course you ＿＿＿＿＿．

A． might B． will C． can D． should(C)

11)—When can I come for the photos﹖ I need them tomorrow afternoon．

—They ＿＿＿＿＿ be ready by 12?00．

A． can B． should C． might D． need 該題考查情態動詞should的基本含義，分析句意可知本題應選B。又如：

12)The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ＿＿＿＿ get out．（A． had to B． would C． could D． was able to 該題考查了could和be able to的區別，二者都可表示過去時間的能力，但如果表示過去成功地做了某事只能使用was ／ were able to do，故本題選D。13)—Shall I tell John about it ﹖

—No, you ＿＿＿＿＿． I‘ve told him already．

A． needn‘t B． wouldn‘t C． mustn‘t D． shouldn‘t

情態動詞shall在試題中表示征詢對方意見或請求指示。答句暗示 ―沒有必要了‖，故本題選A 三、一致關系 一)主謂一致

1． 主謂一致（與插入語無關）

1主謂的分隔原則：主謂之間可以用定語從句或者省略的定語從句分隔。

2定語從句中的主謂一致：

3隨前一致：

n.+ together with n2

as well as

including

along with with / of

accompanied with / by

4就近原則：n1 or n

2+v（就近原則）

either n1 or n2

5可數n1 and 可數n2+v(pl)不可數n1 and 不可數n2+v(pl)

例外：war and peace is… war and peace是一個整體

但是如果主語表示的是同一個概念，同一人，同一事的時候，謂語動詞用單數，這種結構的特征是and連接的兩個詞只有一個冠詞。

The iron and steel industry is very important to our country.The head master and mathematical teacher is coming.The head master and the mathematical teacher are coming.類似的還有：law and order bread and butter black and white

To love and to be loved is … A lawyer and a teacher are… A lawyer and teacher is …

6隨后原則：not A but B / not only A but also B+v.(與B一致)7百分比結構：most , half , rest , some , majority , one+ percent of+n1+v.（由n1決定）8倒裝結構的主謂一致：

a）There be +n 由名詞決定動詞

b）Among , between等介詞位于句首引起倒裝結構：

Among / Between …+系動詞+n.（由名詞決定動詞）

9The+adj的主謂一致：

a）當表示―一類人‖，b）當表示某一抽象概念時 The good is always attractive.10 To do/doing/主從+vs

*More than one+n many a +n.a day or two

二)、倒裝 1 全部倒裝

是只將句子中的謂語動詞全部置于主語之前。此結構通常只用與一般現在時和一般過去時。常見的結構有：Up went the plane = the plane went up.1)here, there, now, then, thus等副詞置于句首, 謂語動詞常用be, come, go, lie, run。2)表示運動方向的副詞(back, down, off, up)或地點狀語置于句首，謂語表示運動的動詞。注意：1)上述全部倒裝的句型結構的主語必須是名詞，如果主語是人稱代詞則不能倒裝。Here he comes.Away they went.2)謂語動詞是be的時候，不能倒裝。Here it is.Here you are.3）形容詞短語/分詞短語位于句首，引起倒裝

*typical of

characteristic of *coinciding with + n

4）表示地點范圍的介詞短語位于句首，謂語動詞為系動詞，一定引起倒裝

In…（表語）+系動詞+主，主同。

*在倒裝句型答案中不能出現there

*常考介詞要倒裝：among between in at beneath 常考的系動詞：be lie exist remain rest

部分倒裝

1． 否定 adv 位于句首，引起倒裝：not only, not until, hardly, scarcely, seldom, rarely, no sooner…than

1）not until + 時間 + 主謂倒裝，not until + 句子+主謂倒裝

2）only+狀語位于句首

only +ad.eg: recently

prep.短短語

eg: in recently years 從句

eg: when clause only一個詞本身不倒裝

3）在比較級結構中，than后面可以倒裝，也可以不倒裝。

部分倒裝是指將謂語的一部分如助動詞或情態倒裝至主語之前。如果句中的謂語沒有助動詞或情態動詞，則需添加助動詞do, does或did，并將其置于主語之前。

? 1)Neither, nor, so 表示前面句子的共同否定或者肯定，產生倒裝，一般主動詞提前，謂語動詞的其他部分就

4)as / though引導的讓步從句必須將表語或狀語提前（形容詞, 副詞, 分詞, 實義動詞提

前）。

as〔讓步〕雖然，盡管〔詞序倒裝。語氣比 though 強〕。

Successful as he is, he is not proud.他雖成功，卻不驕傲。

Women as she is, she's every brave.Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.注意：A)句首名詞不能帶任何冠詞。B)句首是實義動詞, 其他助動詞放在主語后。如果實義動詞有賓語和狀語, 隨實義動詞一起放在主語之前。5)其他部分倒裝

a)so… that 句型中的so;such… that句型中的such位于句首時，需倒裝。

So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.b)在某些表示祝愿的句型中：May you all be happy.c)在虛擬語氣條件句中從句謂語動詞有were, had, should等詞，可將if 省略，把 were, had, should 移到主語之前，采取部分倒裝。Were I you, I would try it again.四、復合句 從句可分為：

? 名詞性從句? 主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句 ? 形容詞性從句?定語從句 ? 副詞性從句?狀語從句

? 常考的關系代詞：that;which;who/whom/whose;where;when;what;as。

? 常見的同位語從句現行詞（that之前的抽象名詞）：fact, idea, news, hope, conclusion, evidence, opinion, problem, thought, understanding… ? 常用的引導詞

o 時間狀語從句：while;when;before;whenever;as;after;till;until;since;once;ever since;as/so long as;as soon as;no sooner… than;hardly… when;scarcely/barely… when;the moment/minute/instant;on(the point of)doing… o 地點狀語從句：where;wherever o 原因狀語從句：because;since;as;seeing that;considering that;now that;in that;for fear that;lest;owing to the fact that;because of the fact that;due to the fact that…

o 方式狀語從句：as;as if;as though;how;save that…

o 比較狀語從句：as;than;as… as;not so… as;hardly… than;o 結果狀語從句：so that;so… that;such… that;so as to…

o 條件狀語從句：if;unless;in case;so long as;so far as;provided/providing/that;supposing;granted/granting that…;giving that….o 讓步狀語從句：though;although;even if;even though;whether;as;however;no matter(what, how, when);for all that;in spite of the fact that;granted that;regardless of the fact that…

o 目的狀語從句：that;so that;in order that;lest;for the fear that;in case… 定語從句:

which 引導的定語從句結構

1）which是關系代詞，which后面應該加缺主語或者賓語的句子，在這個句子中，which要作成分，作主語或者賓語 2）in which+完整的句子

which在定語從句中作in的賓語，所以不能作后面句子的主語

3）名詞+of which+謂語動詞

of which來修飾名詞，名詞在定語從句中作主語，所以后面直接跟謂語動詞 I have five books three of which are borrowed from Mary.4）介詞+ which +to do 其功能相當于定語從句。The key with which to open the door is lost.5）定語從句的省略結構：

1． 如果that / which在定從中作 賓語，可以省略.sub+vt+n+(which / that)+sub+vt →s+vt+n+s+v

s+vt+n1+n2+vt

*當做題時，若發現兩個名詞在一起，但是似乎連不上，則一定省略that / which，則動詞為vt，做謂語。

6）定從的特殊省略

the way(in which)+ 句子

the reason(why that)+句子 均為完整句

the time(that / when)+句子

I do remember the first time(that省)I ever heard the sweetest voice in the world.By the time省that+句子，句子。

7）定從的主系省略（主+系可同時省）

即：which be , who be , that be可同時省

狀語從句省略結構

這種省略從句主語的方式理論上需要滿足以下兩個條件：

第一、特定的狀語從句引導詞：although though even though when while if as

第二、從句主語和主句主語必須保持一致；

第三、從句的謂語必須是be動詞，主語和be動詞同進同出

第五篇：高中英語必修2_unit5Music_導學案

寫作任務:

你校要舉行一次英語演講比賽,話題是“暢想未來生活,享受人生歡樂”。假設你已報名,請用英語寫一份120-150詞的演講稿,準備參加比賽。你可以從科技發展給人們未來的生活、學習和工作帶來的影響,以及如何準備迎接挑戰,適應新生活等方面展開描述和討論。

注意:演講稿的開頭和結尾已給出,但不計入總詞數。

Hello, everyone!I am glad to be able to give a talk about the future life and study here._______________________________________________________

That’s all.Thank you!

分析:

1.仔細審題,明確任務。本寫作任務要求根據提示話題和主要信息寫一份演講稿,屬于描述類的應用文。演講稿的最大特點是其很強的實用性,這也是該類文章寫作的最基本的要求。由此,該類文章的篇章結構和語言表達顯得尤為重要,它們除了要顯示作者基本的語言基礎知識外,還要能很好地體現作者的邏輯思維和表達能力。為了便于口頭表達,該類文章的語句不要過于復雜,要盡量使用口語化的語言,這樣讀起來順口,聽起來也容易理解。

2.根據提示,確定要點。該演講的主要話題首先要對“未來的生活、學習和工作等情況”加以想象和描述,并根據題目提示的“科技發展給未來生活、學習和工作帶來的影響”,簡要說明其原因。文章的第二個主要內容是要表達“如何準備迎接挑戰,適應新生活”,這也是個人觀點和看法的表達。要認真分析未來生活變化給我們帶來的機遇和挑戰,作為未來世界的主人,我們應該怎樣做,等等。

3.遣詞造句,靈活表達。根據審題所得,將要表達的有效信息用靈活的句式表達出來,如:

1)作為演講內容的總括和概述,也是文章的主題句,開篇可以表達“科技發展給未來生活、學習和工作帶來很大的影響”。可以運用如下幾個句式:

Thanks to the great development in science and technology, we are sure to live a happier and more wonderful life in the future.或The great development in science and technology will have a great effect on the future of our lives, work and study.等。

2)仔細分析未來生活及其巨大變化時,可以從人們的衣食住行以及學習、工作等方面加以分析與描述,可以運用not only...but also...等來連接這些變化,例如:Not only will we be provided with enough food and clothing, we can also spend more time traveling around the world and enjoying other amusements.以及We will have less stress in the future, either from our study or from the work.等。

3)在發揮個人觀點,敘述“準備迎接挑戰,適應新生活”的建議時,可以表達為:We

should work harder today, making preparations to make more contributions to the development of the future society and the world.等。

4.巧妙過渡,自然銜接。將表達的信息用一些過渡詞或短語連接成文,注意邏輯思維和行文的連貫。可以借鑒的表達有:further more, however, therefore, only in this way等。

初稿:

Hello, everyone!I am glad to be able to give a talk about the future life and study here.As we all know, science and technology has greatly developed, so we are sure to live a happier and more wonderful life in the future.We will be1

provided not only with enough food and clothing, but also more convenient ways of traveling and living.Besides, we will have less stress both from our study and from work, because we can work and study more efficiently.However, our future is full of challenge as well.So we should work harder today.We should try to become more knowledgeable.Only in this way can we develop more skills and earn more money for the future use.We can also enjoy a more interesting and colorful life even when we are old.That’s all.Thank you!

教師點評:

1.初稿的文章結構完整,謀篇布局合理,內容表達比較全面,語句間使用了一些過渡和銜接詞語,如besides、how-ever等,表達句式有幾處還算精彩,如長句As we all know,..., so...以及由連詞not only...but also...連接的并列句等的使用,表明作者有一定的英語表達能力。

2.文章存在的問題:

①部分表達詞句過于隨意,沒有經過認真的思考和組織,甚至是按照漢語的表達習慣來安排句子結構的,例如:We will be provided not only with enough food and clothing, but also more convenience of traveling and living.第二個分句中缺少介詞with,句子顯得就不對稱,也不完整。再如,在...we will have less stress both from our study and from work, because we can work and study in a more efficient way.一句中,both...and...就不如用either...or...表達得更準確。

②文章的思想性不強,或者說思想格調比較低。特別是文章的結尾,談到未來生活的打算和建議時,僅僅滿足于個人的利益,如:develop more skills and earn more money以及enjoy a more interesting and colorful life even when we are old.等顯得作者思想很狹隘,沒有達到一定的思想境界。

成稿:

Hello, everyone!I am glad to be able to give a talk about the future life and study here.Thanks to the great development in science and technology, we are sure to live a happier and more wonderful life in the future.Not only will we be provided with enough food and clothing, we can also spend more time traveling around the world and enjoying other amusements.It will make our spare time more interesting and colorful.Furthermore, we will have less stress either from our study or from the work since we can work more efficiently.However, our future life is not just full of amusement and joy, but also of challenge.Therefore, we should work harder today, making preparations to make more contributions to the development of the future society and the world.Only in this way can we adapt to the future life and enjoy ourselves when it comes.That’s all.Thank you!

Powerful sentences:

1.To keep fit, we need variety in our diets.A healthy diet generally includes proper amounts of fish, meat, vegetables and fruit.2.Just imagine the beautiful surroundings in the future if we keep on planting more trees around us both in the cities and in the countryside.3.Compared to the life we live today, the future will be more convenient and fast-paced thanks to the advance in science and technology.4.The rapid development of science and technology will make it possible for human beings to fly to other planets to study the situations there.