第一篇：高考英語從句總復習

從句

一． 定義

1.句子分為簡單句和復合句。簡單句是只有一個主謂賓結構。復合句是由兩個或兩個以上的主謂賓結構構成的句子。

2.復合句是由一個主句和一個或一個以上的從句構成的句子。主句是全句的主體，從句是主句的一個成分，它不能單獨做句子，它在句子中作什么成分，就叫什么成分的從句，如作主語的就叫主語從句，作賓語的就叫賓語從句，作表語的就叫表語從句，作定語的叫定語從句，作狀語的就叫狀語從句。3.復合句主要有三大從句，即名詞性從句（包括主語從句，賓語從句，表語從句，同位語從句）、形容詞性從句（即定語從句）、副詞性從句（即狀語從句,包括時間、條件、結果、目的、原因、讓步、地點、方式等）。

二． 名詞性從句

（一）主語從句

1.主語從句是指從句充當主語的句子。2.引導詞;關系代詞：（1)從句成分什么都不缺：thatwhetherif(whether一般跟or not 搭配使用，if不能)That the earth is round is true Whether she comes or not makes no difference(2)從句成分缺人：whowhomwhosewhoeverwhomever(3)從句成分缺物：whatwhatererwhichwhichever Who will be our monitor hasn't been decided yet.Whom we must study for is a question of great importance.Whose watch was lost is unknown.What caused the accident remains unknown.Whatever you did is right.關系副詞：where:（什么地方），從句中缺地點狀語 when:(什么時候)，從句中缺時間狀語 why:(什么原因)，從句中缺原因狀語 how:(如何，怎樣)，從句中缺方式狀語

Where he is from is the question nobody can answer She don’t know how she can get to the hospital Why he is late is he was ill yesterday 3.主語從句的特殊形式:it做形式主語的主語從句結構(1)It is ＋名詞＋從句

It is a fact an honor that（2)it is ＋形容詞＋從句

It is natural obviouspossible that…(3)it is ＋不及物動詞＋從句

It seems happened that…(4)it ＋過去分詞＋從句

It is reported that… 據報道… It is said that…據說…

It has been proved that… 已證實…

4.主語從句不可位于句首的五種情況

(1)if 引導的主語從句不可居于復合句句首。

(2)It is said ,(reported)…結構中的主語從句不可提前。例如：

It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week.(right)That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said.(wrong)(3)It happens…, It occurs… 結構中的主語從句不可提前。例如：

It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.(right)That he failed in the examination occurred to him.(wrong)

(4)It doesn’t matter how/whether …結構中的主語從句不可提前。例如：

It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not.(right)Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter.(wrong)

(5)含主語從句的復合句是疑問句時，主語從句不可提前。例如：

Is it likely that it will rain in the evening?(right)Is that will rain in the evening likely?(wrong)5.注意：

（1）主語從句的時態：不受主句的時態影響和限制。

Whether we will go for an outing tomorrow remains unknown.Who will be our monitor hasn't been decided yet.（2）主語從句中的引導詞放在句首不能省略

（二）．賓語從句

1.從句在主句中充當賓語的句子是賓語從句 2.引導詞

3.賓語從句的幾種形式（1）做及物動詞的賓語 I heard that he joined the army.I wonder whether you can change this note for me.She told me that she would accept my invitation.(2)作介詞的賓語

Our success depends upon how hard we work(3).作形容詞的賓語

I am afraid(that)I’ve made a mistake.I am glad that you have made such progress(4)動詞+it+that結構

It做形式賓語，代替that引導的賓語從句

He has made it clear that he won’t give up the opportunity We consider it necessary that we should open out(5)賓語從句否定的轉移

若主句謂語動詞為think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, guess, imagine等，其后的賓語從句若含有否定意義，一般要把否定詞轉移到主句謂語上，從句謂語用肯定式。例如：

I don’t think this dress fits you well.4.注意：（1）賓語從句的語序是陳述句語序

（2）如果主句謂語是現在時或將來時，賓語從句的謂語時態不受限制，如果主句時態是過去時，賓語從句一般要隨著改為相應的過去時（即一般過去時、過去進行時、過去完成時、過去將來時等）。He thought he was working for the people．

I heard she had been to the Great W all．

John hoped that he would find a job soon．

但賓語從句如果表示定理法則、永恒真理等，則不變化：

The teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun

（三）表語從句

從句在主句中充當表語成分的句子是表語從句。一般結構是“主語＋連系動詞＋表語從句” The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.This is why we can’t get the support of the people

But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.（四）同位語從句

1.同位語從句是修飾前面名詞的從句。

The king’s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general 2.同位語在句子中的位置

同位語從句有時可以不緊跟在它所說明的名詞后面，而是被別的詞隔開。例如：

He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.3.同位語從句與定語從句的區別

(1)定語從句中的that既代替先行詞，同時以在從句中作某個成分（主語或賓語），而同位語從句中的that是連詞，只起連接主句與從句的作用，不充當句中任何成分。

(2)定語從句是形容詞性的，其功能是修飾先行詞，對先行詞加以限定，描述定的性質或特征；同位語從句是名詞性的，其功能是對名詞進行補充說明。例如：

The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他告訴我的消息是湯姆明年將出國。）（第一個that引導的從句是定語從句，that在從句中作賓語）

The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.（湯姆將出國的消息是他講的。）（同位語從句，that在句中不作任何成分）

三．形容性從句（定語從句）

（一）含義：從句充當定語成分的句子叫做定語從句。定語從句分為限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句。先行詞：被定語從句修飾的成份。先行詞可以為一個詞，短語，或整個主句。引導定語從句的詞叫關系詞，分為關系代詞和關系副詞。

（二）限制性定語從句

1.限制性定語是指定語從句緊跟它所修飾的中心名詞或代詞之后，沒有逗號分開。2.引導詞：分為關系代詞和關系副詞。（1）關系代詞引導的定語從句：

that:指代人、事物，作主語、賓語，做賓語時可以省略 who:指代人，做主語

whom:指代人，做賓語，可以省略。它在口語和非正式用語中常用who代替，可以省略 The man whowhom you met just now is my brother.which:指代事物，做主語、賓語。做賓語可以省略 whose:指代人、物，做定語，其后直接加名詞 He has a friend whose father is a doctor.The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.指物時常用以下結構代替：

The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.——The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired（2）關系副詞引導的定語從句：

where：指地點，在定語從句中做地點狀語 Shai hai is the city where I was born

The house where I live ten years ago has been pulled down when: 指時間，在定語從句中做時間狀語

I still remember the day when I first came to the school why: 指原因，在定語從句中做原因狀語

Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane 注意: 關系副詞引導的定語從句都可以用“介詞+關系代詞”引導的定語從句來代替 Shai hai is the city wherein which I was born I still remember the day whenon which I first came to the school Please tell me the reason why for which you missed the plane 練習：

A letter------is written in pencil is difficult to read.(主語)Do you know the gentleman-----spoke just now? You can take anything----you like.（賓語）What is the question-----they are talking about? Here is the man-----you want to see.3.注意

(1)限制性定語從句中只能用that的幾種情況：

A 當先行詞是anything, everything, nothing(something 除外), few, all, none, little, some等代詞時，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等代詞修飾時，要用that Have you taken down everything that Mr.Li has said? There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world.All that can be done has been done.B 當先行詞是序數詞或被序數詞修飾,如：firstlastnext等

The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.C 當先行詞是形容詞最高級或被形容詞最高級修飾時

This is the best film that I have seen.D 當形容詞被the very, the only 修飾時

This is the very dictionary that I want to buy，After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned.當先行詞指人時，偶爾也可以用who

Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting/ E 當先行詞前面有who, which等疑問代詞時

Who is the man that is standing there? Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? F 當先行詞既有人，也有動物或者物體時

Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned? G 如有兩個從句，其中一個關系代詞已用which，另一個關系代詞宜用that。He built a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.（2）限制性定語從句中只能用who的情況：

A 當定語從句對指人的先行詞進行隔位修飾時，只能用who(whom)。如：

Do you know the girl in front of the blackboard who is speaking to the students? 你認識黑板前面正在給學生們講話的那位女孩子嗎？

B 當先行詞為people和those時，只能用who(whom)。如：

Those who want to go there come here please.那些想去那兒的人請來這邊。

C 當先行詞為one, ones, anyone, everyone, none, all(指人)時，只能用who(whom)。如： Anyone who is against us is our enemy.任何反對我們的人就是我們的敵人。D 在there be句型中名詞的定語從句多用who(whom)。如：

There are students in our class who / whom you have met.我們班有些學生你見過。

E 當句子中有兩個指人的現行詞分別帶有兩個定語從句時，若一個定語從句的引導詞為that, 那么，另一個定語從句的引導詞必定為who。如：

The boy that you met just now is Li Ming’s brother who just graduated from a university.剛才你會到的那個男孩是李明的剛從大學畢業的弟弟。

(3)以the way為先行詞的定語從句通常由in which, that引導，而且通?？梢允÷浴?/p>

The way in which/ that/./ he answered the question was surprising

（三）．非限制性定語從句

1.含義：先行詞和從句用逗號隔開，對所修飾你名詞或代詞等起補充說明的作用。如果去掉從句，并不影響它所修飾的先行詞的意義。

2.引導詞（1）關系代詞：

指人：who :做主語，不可省略 ；whom:做賓語，不可省略 指物：which:做主語或賓語，不可省略（2）關系副詞：

when where why as等

Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.A.it

B.that

C.which

D.he 答案C.此為非限定性從句，不能用 that修飾，而用which.，it 和he 都使后句成為句子，兩個獨立的句子不能單以逗號連接。況且選he句意不通。

The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.A.what B.which C.that D.it 答案B。which可代替句子，用于非限定性定語從句，而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定語從句，it不為連詞，使由逗號連接的兩個句子并在一起在英語語法上行不通。

3.as和which 引導的非限制性定語從句

（1）as和which都可在句子中做主語或賓語，它們指代的是整個句子 He married her,aswhich is natural He is honest,aswhich we can see(2)as引導的定語從句可以放在主句之前，也可放在主句之尾，還可分割整個主句，which引導的定語從句只能放在主句之后;as有“正如，正想”之意 As is known to us，china is a developing country He is from south,which we can see from his accent

John ,as you know,is famous writer(3)作主語時，which既可以作系動詞be的主語，也可以作實義動詞的主語；而這時as 只可以做系動詞be的主語。例如：

A)He married her, which was natural.（可用as代替which）他和她結婚，這是很自然的事。

B)He won a/the Nobel Prize in chemistry, which made him illustrious.(不可用as 代替which)他獲得了諾貝爾化學獎，這使他名揚天下。

It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..A.that B.which C.as D.it(4).在which引導的定語從句中，謂語動詞若是am, is, are則這些系動詞不能省略；而as后面若是這種情況，則可以省略。例如：

A)He is a teacher, as(is)clear from his manner.(is可以省略)B)He said he had never seen her before, which was not true.(was不可省略)(5)當先行詞有such,the same修飾時，常用as I have never heard such a story as he tells This is the same book as I lost last week 注意：當先行次由the same修飾時，偶爾也用that引導定語從句，但是和由as所引導的定語從句意思不同

She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding.她穿著她在MARY婚禮上穿過的一條裙子。

She wore the same dress as her young sister wore.她穿著和她妹妹所穿的一樣的裙子。

（四）引導詞+介詞引導的定語從句

關系代詞在從句中做介詞的賓語時，從句常用介詞+關系代詞引: The school whichthat he once studied is vert famous ——the school in which he once studied is very famous Tomorrow I will bring a book whichthat you ask for Tomorrow I will bring a book for which you ask 注意：

A:含有介詞的動詞短語一般不拆開使用。如：look at, look for, look after, take care of等 This is watch whichthat I looking for B:當介詞放在關系代詞之前時，關系代詞指人是只能用whom,，關系代詞指代物時，只能用which，關系代詞是所有格時，用whose The man with whom you talked is my friend C:介詞+定語從句，前面可有some any both each none neither 等代詞或數詞修飾 He love his parents deeply，both of whom are very kind to him There are forty students in our class,，most of whom are from cities 四．狀語從句

一：時間狀語從句

（一）when, while和as。

1.when引導從句的動作可以與主句的動作同時發生，也可以先于主句的動作。引導的從句的謂語動詞可以是延續性的動詞（一段時間），又可以是瞬時動詞（一點時間）。when還含有“at that moment”的意思，引起的句子不能放在句首

When he heard the news，they were much surprised(從句的動作先于主句的動作)When she came in, I stopped eating.她進來時，我在吃飯。(瞬時動詞)

When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him.當的住在農村時，我常常為他擔水。（延續性的動詞）

We were watching TV when suddenly the lights went out.我們正在看電視，這時燈突然滅了。They had just arrived home when it began to rain.他們剛到家，這時天就開始下雨了。

2.while 從句的動作和主句同時發生，從句的謂語動作必須是延續性的。并且while有時還可以表示對比 While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV I like playing football while you like playing basketball 3.as 從句的動作和主句同時發生。從句的謂語動詞可是瞬時性的，也可是延續性的。從句和主句要表示一個人的兩個動作交替進行或同時完成時，則多用as，可譯為“一邊......，一邊......” She came up as I was cooking.(延續性)The runners started as the gun went off.(瞬時性)He looked behind from to time as he went.他一邊走，一邊不時地往后看。

As time goes on, it’s getting warmer and warmer..隨著時間的推移，天氣變得越來越暖了。練習：

1.He was about halfway through his meal ____ a familiar voice came to his ears.(2006遼寧)

A.why B.where C.when D.while 2.— I’m going to the post office.— ____ you’re there, can you get me some stamps?(1999)

A.As B.While C.Because D.If 3.____ the days went on, the weather got worse.(1990)

A.With B.Since C.While D.As 4.Tom ____ into the house when no one ____.(1992)

A.slipped;was looking B.had slipped;looked

C.slipped;had looked D.was slipping;looked 如果主句的動作發生于表示“當……時”的時間狀語從句中的動作的進行過程中，從句常用進行時。如： The landlady suspected that someone must have broken into the house when/while/as she was watching TV show.女房東懷疑在她看電視時曾有人闖入屋

5.I ____ along the street looking for a place to park when the accident ____.(2006安徽)

A.went;was occurring B.went;occurred C.was going;occurred D.was going;had occurred 6.It was some time ____ we realized the truth.(2005山東)

A.when B.until C.since D.before 7.— Why didn’t you tell him about the meeting?

— He rushed out of the room ____ I could say a word.(2006四川)

A.before B.until C.when D.after

（二）before 和after

before引導時間狀語從句時表示從句的動作發生在主句動作之后，如主句是將來時，從句中現在時,從句是過去時,主句用過去完成時。after引導時間狀語從句時表示從句的動作發生在主句動作之前。

It will be some time before we know the results After we had finished dinner,we went home.重點：before 的用法

1.用于It + be + 時間段 + before...句型中，意思是“在……之后才……”，如果主句中用否定式，則表示“不多久……就”。

It will be five years before I come back.我五年后才能回來。

It was not long before the enemy was driven out of their country.不久之后，敵人就被趕走了。

It won’t be long before they understand each other.他們不久就會互相了解的。

2.還有“趁……（還沒有）”之意。例如：

They are thinking of buying the house before the prices go up.他們正在考慮趁房價未漲時把房子買下來。

Do it before you forget it.趁早動手，以免忘了 3.短語before long與long before的區別

before long是“很快，不久”的意思, 可以用于各種時態。如：

Before long, he went to America.不久，他就去了美國。

I hope to see you before long.我希望不久后再見到你。

而 long before是“很久以前”的意思，一般用在過去時或過去完成時的句子里。如： She said she had read the novel long before.她說她很久以前就讀過這部小說。

（三）till和until

①until和till都可表示“直到．．．為止”，與主句中持續性動詞的肯定式連用。He waited until / till we finished our meal.他一直等到我們吃完飯。

②當until和till表示“直到．．．才．．．．”時，通常與主句中短暫動詞的否定式連用，這時，until和till也可用before代替。

I didn’t leave until / till / before she came back.直到她回來，我才離開的。③be動詞的肯定式和否定式都可以和until或till連用。

④until引導的從句可以放在主句之前或主句之后，但till從句一般不放在句首。Until he told me, I knew nothing about it.他告訴我了我才知道。當not until位于句首時，主句中的主語、謂語要使用倒裝語序： Not until she came back did I leave.= I didn’t leave until she came back.在強調句型中一般用until，不用till。如：

It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a

1.It is difficult for us to learn a lesson in life ____ we’ve actually had that lesson.(2007天津)A.until B.after C.since D.when 2.They ____ the train until it disappeared in the distance.(1998)A.saw B.watched C.noticed D.observed 題干中的主句為肯定句，until需要跟主句里肯定形式的表延續性動作的謂語動詞連用，因此本題應選表示延續性動作的watched(其他選項中的saw，noticed，observed所表示的動作都不能延續，意味著結果)。3.“You can’t have this football back ____ you promise not to kick it at my cat again,” the old man said firmly.(2006 A because B.since C.when D.until

（四）since的用法 1.連詞

（1）表示“自從……以來”：

A:主句+since+非延續性動詞

一般主句用現在完成時，從句用過去時,翻譯：“某某自從…以來已經…了 He has studied very hard since he came to our school Since he graduated from the college, he has worked in this city B:主句+since+延續性動詞或表示狀態的動詞

主句用現在完成時，從句用過去時，翻譯：“某某自從沒有…以來已經…了”

He has had several jobs since he was a student at Yale.他自從從耶魯大學畢業以來已經做了好幾份工作。We all have been missing her since she lived here 自從她從這里搬走，我們就再也沒見過她 He has written to me frequently since I was ill.自從我病愈以來，他屢次給我寫信。He has written to me frequently since I fell ill.自從我生病以來，他就屢次給我寫信。C:主句+since +延續性動詞

主句是現在完成時，從句是現在完成時，翻譯：“某某自從…以來…了’

Since we have owned a car, we have gone camping every year。自從我們自己有了汽車，我們每年都去野營。

He has never been to see me since I have been ill.自從我生病以來，他從未來看過我。

He has never been to see me since I was ill.自從我病愈以來，他從未來看過我。

D：It be(一般式或完成式)＋表示一段時間的詞匯＋since引導的時間狀語從句。It is two years since I became a postgraduate student.我成為研究生已經有2年了。It was three years since we had been there.我們在那兒已呆了三年。

應注意的是，在這種結構中，since引導的從句絕對不能用否定式的謂語動詞來表示否定意義，下面兩句都錯了：

It is a long time since he didn’t study English.It’s two months since you didn’t come to see me.正確的說法為：

It’s a long time since he studied English 他好久沒學英語了。

You haven’t come to see me for two months.你有兩個月沒來看我了。（2）既然；因為

He must have taken the book since it isn't here.他一定是把書拿走了,因為書已不在這里了。

Since it is so hot, let's go swimming.既然天氣這么熱,我們去游泳吧。

2.介詞：表示“自從……以來”，其具體用法有兩種情況：

(1)since＋表示過去某個時間點的詞匯(如具體的年、月、日期、鐘點)。

They have been friends since childhood.他們從幼時起一直是好朋友。I have been there many times since the war.自那次戰爭以來，我曾去該地多次。(2)since＋表示一段時間的詞匯＋ago。

I have been here since five months ago.五個月以來我一直在這里。

They ____ friends since they met in Shanghai.(1989)A.have made B.have become C.have been D.have turned

（五）表示“一…就…”：as soon as, immediately, instantly, directly, hardly /scarcely…when…, no sooner…than…；表示“當…時候”： the time, the moment；by the time（到…時候為止）, next time(下次), the first time(第一次…的時候), the last time(上次…的時候)，once（一旦…）

She rushed into the room immediately / the moment she heard the noise.她一聽到聲音就沖進房間 He had no sooner arrived there than he fell ill.他剛到達那里就生起病來。

He had hardly finished when someone rose to refute his points.他還沒說完就有人起來反駁他的論點 He left me a good impression the first time I met him.我第一次見他時，他給我留下了好印象。注意：hardly /scarcely…when…, no sooner…than…

前面常用過去完成時，后面用一般過去時。同時它們還可以倒裝: No sooner had he arrived there than he fell ill.他剛到達那里就生起病來。Hardly had he finished when someone rose to refute his points.（六）表示習慣性、經常性：every time（每次）, each time（每次）, whenever（每當）等。Whenever we met with difficulties, they came to help us.每當我們遇上困難的時候他們就來幫我們 Each time he came to town he would visit our school.他每次進城，總要來看看我們的學校。Every time I went to his house, he was out.我每次去他家，他都出去了。

二．地點狀語從句

地點狀語從句一般由由where（在……的地方）, wherever（無論哪里），everywhere（每一個地方）引導的 He is ready to help wherever he is Put you son where you can see him Everywhere they want, they were warmly received 三．原因狀語從句

（一）because since as for 1.because 表示的原因語氣最強；通常放在主句之后，有時也放在主句之前；直接回答why 提出的問題；在強調句中只能用because；被not所否定時只能用because It because he was too careless that he failed 2.since和as表示的原因是人們事先已經知道的，是對已知事實提供理由，而不表示直接原因；since比as語氣稍強，且比as略為正式，兩者通常都放在主句之前 3.for是并列連詞(其作三者為從屬連詞)，它有時可表示因果關系(只能放在主句之后，且可與because換用)，有時不表示因果關系，而是對前面分句的內容加以解釋或推斷(也只能放在主句之后，但不能與because換用)。

The ground is wet, for(或because)it rained last night.地面是濕的，因為昨晚下過雨。

It rained last night, for(不能用because)the ground is wet this morning.昨晚下過雨，今天早上地面都是濕的(二)由now that，seeing that，considering that（由于…，既然…）

Seeing that it’s raining，we’d better stay indoors.既然外邊在下雨，我們最好待在室內。Now that you are here, you’d better stay.你既然來了，最好還是留下吧

Considering that she has no experience, she has done well enough.考慮到她沒有經驗，她已經做得不錯了

四．條件狀語從句

（一）if，unless

1.if引導的條件狀語從句時，主句是將來時的時候,從句要用一般現在時；if引導條件狀語從句的虛擬；if引導條件狀語從句的省略

If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go hiking.2.unless = if……not

You will never make rapid progress if you don’t work hard

You will never make rapid progress unless you work hard

（二）1.as（so）long as “只要……”As [So] long as you need me, I’ll stay 只要你需要我，我就留下。as（so）long as 還可表示一段時間

Stay as long as you like。你愿留多久都可以。

So long as he lived, I didn’t feel that I have the right to see you between you.在他死之前，我覺得我沒有權利介入你們之間

2.only if 與 if only。only if 意為“只要”，只用于真實條件句中，是if 的強調式；if only 有兩個意思，一是表示“只要”，此時通常與陳述語氣連用，與 only if 用法相似；二是表示“但愿”“要是……就好了”，此時多用于虛擬語氣和感嘆句中。

I will come only if you don’t promise to invite Mary.只要你答應不請瑪麗，我就來。

If only it clears up, we’ll go.只要天晴，我們就去。

If only I hadn’t told him about it.要是我沒有告訴他這事就好了 If only he will listen to you！他要是聽你的話多好！3.as long as 與 only if 的區別

（1）從語氣上看，only if 的語氣要比as long as 強

（2）當主句和從句的謂語動詞均為短暫性動詞時，通常只用 only if，而不用 as long as。如：He will come only if you ask him.（3）兩者均可引導從句置于主句之后，也可置于主句之前。但是，當only if 引導的狀語從句置于主句之前時，其后的主句要用倒裝語序，而且 as long as 引導的從句置于主句之前不用倒裝。如：

As long as it doesn’t rain we can play.只要不下雨，我們就能玩。

Only if a teacher has given permission is a student allowed to enter this room.只有得到教師的允許，學生才可以進這間屋。

（三）provided（providing）(that)，on condition that，given that，in case，suppose(supposing)等都有“如果”“假如”之意。

He will do the work providing you pay him 如果你給他錢，他就干活

I send you this book on condition that you pay in cash 假如你付現金，這架相機就賣給你

Given that he wins the support of the people, he will win the election.如果贏得人民的支持，他將取得競選的勝利

Suppose you fail a second time, do not get disappointed, but try again 假如第二次失敗，別灰心，再試試。

五． 讓步狀語從句

（一）although, though“雖然，盡管” 引導讓步狀語從句時，句中不能用but表示轉折語氣，但可跟yet，still表示轉折

Although it's raining, they are still working in the field.雖然在下雨，但他們仍在地里干活。

（二）ever if, even though.“雖然，盡管，即使”We'll make a trip even though the weather is bad.（三）“no matter +疑問詞” 或“疑問詞+后綴ever” ：意為“無論…”。No matter what happened, he would not mind.（1）“no matter +疑問詞”不能引導名詞性從句 Whatever you say is of no use now.Prisoners have to eat whatever they're given.囚犯們只能給什么吃什么（2）注意however以下兩類句型結構 ① however+主語+謂語：

However you travel, it’ll take you at least three days.不管你怎么走，至少要三天。② however+形容詞或副詞+主語+謂語：

However much he eats, he never gets fat.無論他吃多少, 他都不發胖。③ 有時該結構中的主語和謂語可以有所省略：

He was of some help, however small.他總能幫些忙，不管多小的忙。I refuse, however favorable the condition.不管條件多好，我都不接受。

（四）讓步狀語從句與倒裝

引導倒裝的讓步狀語從句通常用as和though，但不是能用although；as 可以在以上這樣的倒裝結構中引出讓步狀語，但若不倒裝，則不能用as，而與之相反，although在不倒裝的結構中可引導讓步狀語，但在倒裝的結構中卻不可以用。

（五）讓步狀語從句的虛擬語氣

六．目的狀語從句

（一）so that，in order that, so, that表示“以便；為了”，so that：如果主句是一般現在時，從句常與may，can，will連用；如果主句是一般過去時，從句常與could，should，would，might連用。

We learn English so that we can read English newspapers She came in quietly in order that she couldn’t wake up the baby

（二）least，in case，for fear that 表示“以防，以免”，從句的謂語動詞常用虛擬語氣

七．結果狀語從句

（一）so that，so...that，such...that 1.so…that與such…that的區別在于：

（1）A such＋a(an)＋adj.＋單數可數名詞＋that…

He is such a clever boy that everybody likes him.他非常聰明，大家都非常喜歡他。

B such＋adj.＋復數可數名詞＋that…

They are such interesting novels that I want to read them once again.這些小說非常有趣，我想再讀一遍。

C such＋adj.＋不可數名詞＋that…

He has made such great progress that the teachers are pleased with him.注意：如果such后邊的名詞前由many、much、few、little等詞所修飾的話，則不用such而用so。如：

He had so little education that he was unfit for this job.他所受教育很少，不適合做這個工作。（2）so…that也作“如此…以致”

so＋adj.／adv.＋that…clause（so的后面跟形容詞或副詞）

He runs so fast that nobody can catch up with him.他跑得非?？?，沒人能追上他。

2.so that引導結果狀語從句時，意思是“因此;所以”；在從句前常有逗號與主句分開；結果狀語從句中沒有情態動詞；目的狀語從句可移到句首，而結果狀語從句不能。

Iohn went early, so that he got a good seat.約翰去的很早，得到了一個好位置。

Iohn went early so that he could get a good seat.約翰去的很早，為的是得到一個好位置。

The little boy saved every coin_________ __________he could buy his mother a present on Mother's day 八．方式狀語從句

方式狀態語從句常由as, as if/as though等。例如：

She acted as if/though nothing had happened.It looks as if it'll rain.as if/as though引導方式狀語從句要用虛擬語氣

第二篇：高考英語總復習之名詞性從句

高考英語復習--------名詞性從句用法及真題解析

名詞性從句是高考英語中非常重要的部分，它能使得英語的句子長度加長，內容豐富且句型多樣。高中階段的英語學習基本涉及了所有的名詞性從句常用句法，因此高考也在各種題型中考查同學們對此項語法的掌握。同學們除了應具有基本的語法知識，如能分析句中的主、謂、賓等基本成份，更重要的應該培養一定的邏輯分析能力，能夠正確判斷出句與句之間的主、次關系及語意關聯；能夠分析得出主、從句（可以根據連接詞的位臵），通過對題意的正確理解判斷使用何種連接詞。同時注意句中的語序，時態及主謂一致問題。考點1 主語從句

引導主語從句的連接詞主要有三類： 連接詞that，whether；

連接代詞what，who，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever等； 連接副詞when，where，why，how等。1．連接詞that，whether引導

①That the college will take in more new students this year is true． 今年這所大學將招收更多新生是真的。

②Whether he can finish his task on time is of great importance． 他是否能按時完成任務非常重要?！咀ⅰ?1)if不能引導主語從句。

(2)形式主語it替代主語從句。常見的it替代主語從句的句式主要有以下幾種：

A．It+系動詞+形容詞+that從句。如： It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure． 很清楚，整個計劃注定要失敗。B．It+系動詞+名詞+that從句。如：

It is our hope that the two sides will work towards peace． 我們的希望是雙方能朝著和平的方向發展。C．It+be+v．ed形式+that從句。如：

It is announced that the plan has been successfully carried out． 據宣布計劃已經順利實施。2．連接代詞引導

①What we can’t get seems better than what we already have． 我們得不到的東西似乎比我們擁有的東西好。②who the letter was from is still unknown． 這封信是誰寄出的還不清楚。

③Whichever of you gets here first will get the prize． 你們當中第一個到達這里的人將獲得獎項。3．連接副詞引導

①How acupuncture reduces and relieves pain is unclear． 針灸是如何減輕和解除疼痛的還不清楚。

②why dinosaurs suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery． 恐龍為什么突然消失了還是個謎。考點2 賓語從句

引導賓語從句的連接詞主要有三類： 連接詞that，whether，if等，連接代詞what，who，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever等，連接副詞when，where，why，how等。1．連接詞that，whether，if引導

①I think(that)you should turn to the teacher for help． 我認為你應該向老師尋求幫助。

②I don’t know if/whether he still lives here after so many years． 我不知道這么多年后他是否還住在這兒。

【注】whether/if都意為“是否”。一般情況下，它們可以互換，口語中常用if，但以下情況中，只能用whether。(1)與or not緊接連用時。如：

Let me know whether or not you can come． 請讓我知道你是否能來。(2)作介詞的賓語從句時。如：

We are interested in whether you will attend the meeting． 我們對你是否參加會議感興趣。

2．連接代詞what，who，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever等如：

①She asked me whose handwriting was the best in the class． 她問我班上誰的書法最好。

②I’ll just say whatever comes into my mind． 我想到什么就說什么。

3.連接副詞引導when，where，why，how等 ①Do you know when the ancient Olympic Games began? 你知道古代的奧運會是什么時間開始的嗎? ②I’ve been thinking about how we can make the newspaper more interesting． 我一直在考慮如何使我們的報紙更用趣。4．賓語從句的語序

在賓語從句中要用陳述句語序。如：

①He asked me when we could set out the next day． 他問我第二天什么時候可以出發。②Did you find out where she lost her car? 你查出她在哪里丟的車了嗎? 5．賓語從句的時態

(1)當主句的謂語動詞是一般現在時時，其賓語從句的時態可以是任何適當的時態。①She says(that)she works from Monday to Friday． 她說她周一至周五上班。(從句是一般現在時)②she says(that)she will leave a message on his desk． 她說她要在他桌子上留個便條。(從句是一般將來時)③She says(that)she has never been to Mount Emei． 她說她從來沒有去過峨眉山。(從句是現在完成時)(2)當主句的謂語動詞是一般過去式時，其賓語從句的時態一般要用適當的過去時態。如：

①He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon． 他說昨天下午沒有課。(從句是一般過去時)②He said that he was going to take care of the baby． 他說他會去照看這個嬰兒。(從句是過去將來時)③He said that they were having a meeting at that time． 他說他們那時正在開會。(從句是過去進行時)(3)當賓語從句是表達客觀真理和規律的句子時，其時態仍舊用一般現在時。如：

①The teacher told us that nothing is difficult if we put our hearts into it． 老師告訴我們世上無難事，只怕有心人。②He said that light travels much faster than sound． 他說光比聲音傳播得快。

【注】在使用賓語從句時需要注意下面幾點：

(1)動詞find，feel，think，consider，make，believe，guess，suppose，assume等后有賓語補足語時，則需要用it作形式賓語，而將that賓語從句后臵。如：

①I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day． 我認為每天多喝開水是有必要的。②I have made it a rule that I keep diaries． 我每天寫日記成了慣例。

(2)hate，like，take，owe，have，take for granted等表示“喜歡；痛恨；認為”的動詞或動詞短語和see to表示“注意，留意”后有賓語補足語時，需要用it作形式賓語而將賓語從句后臵。如：

①I hate it when they talk with their mouth full of food． 我討厭他們滿嘴食物說話。②When you start the engine，you must see to it that the car is in neutral． 啟動發動機時，一定要使汽車的離合器處于空檔位臵。(3)介詞后的賓語從句。如：

①She is always thinking of how she can do more for others． 她總想著如何才能為別人做得更多。

②We are talking about whether we admit students into our club． 我們正在討論是否讓學生加入我們的俱樂部。

(4)賓語從句的否定轉移。將think，believe，suppose，expect，fancy，imagine等動詞后面賓語從句的否定詞轉移到主句中，即主句的謂語動詞用否定式，而從句的謂語動詞用肯定式。如：

①I don’t think I know you．我想我并不認識你。②I don’t believe he will come．我相信他不回來?？键c

3、表語從句

常由連接詞that，whether；連接代詞who，whom，whose，which，what，whoever，whomever，whichever，whatever；連接副詞when，where，how，why引導。1．連接詞引導

①The reason for his absence is that he hasn’t been informed.他缺席的原因就是他沒接到通知。

②The question remains whether they will be able to help us． 問題還是他們能否幫我們。2．連接代詞和連接副詞引導

①The problem is who will take charge of this shop． 問題是誰將接管這家店鋪。

②That is when I realized the importance of journalism． 那時我才意識到新聞工作的重要性。

【注】(1)as/as if/as though引導的表語從句常跟在特定動詞后面，如seem，appear，look，taste，sound，feel等。如：

①It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door． 聽上去好像有人在敲門。

②At that time，it seemed as though I couldn’t think of the right word． 當時我似乎怎么也想不出一個恰當的字眼來。

(2)當主句的主語是reason時，表語從句一般由that引導，這種用法常見于句型The reason why…is that…。如：

The reason why he came late was that he got up late．他來得晚是因為起床晚了。

考點4 同位語從句

同位語從句在句子中作某一名詞的同位語，一般位于該名詞之后，說明該名詞的具體內容。這些名詞常見的有idea，fact，news，hope，belief，thought，doubt，promise，suggestion，order等。

1．通常用連詞that引導同位語從句，that無詞義，也不作句子成分，但不能省略。注意從句用陳述句語序。如：

①They expressed the hope that we would go and visit Shanghai again． 他們表示希望我們再去訪問上海。②I have no idea that she quit her present job． 我不知道她辭掉了現在的工作。

③Give me your promise that you will come to our party this evening． 答應我，你今天晚上會來參加我們的聚會。

2．同位語從句還可以用whether，when，where，why，how等引導。如：

①The student asked me the question whether the book was worth reading． 學生問了我這個問題：這本書是否值得一讀。

②I have no idea why he was excited at that time．我不知道當時他激動的原因。

．

考點5 名詞性從句需要注意的事項

1．that的用法。在主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句中that一般不能夠省略；在賓語從句中有時可以省略，一般需要注意下面兩點：(1)當that從句作介詞賓語時，that不能省略。如：

They share little in common except that they are from the same country． 除了來自同一個國家之外，他們幾乎沒有共同點。

(2)當主句謂語動詞后接兩個或兩個以上的賓語從句時，可以省略第一個that，其他的不省略。如：

I believe(that)you’ve done your best and that things will improve． 我相信你已經盡力了，而且情況也會得到改善。

2．that與what的區別。that在從句中不能夠充當句子成分，也沒有含義；what可以在從句中作主語、表語、賓語或定語，意思是”什么，……的事情”。如： ①The hope that he may recover is not gone yet． 他會康復的希望沒有消失。②What he said proved to be true． 他所說的話證明是正確的。

3．定語從句與同位語從句的區別。定語從句是從句對其先行詞的修飾或限制；而同位語從句是對從句前面的抽象名詞作進一步的說明和解釋。如： ①The news that our team has won the game was true． 我們隊贏了那場比賽的消息是真的。②The news that he told me yesterday was true． 昨天他告訴我的那個消息是真的。

③I made a promise that if anyone set me free I would make him very rich． 我許諾如果誰讓我自由，我就讓他非常富有。

④The mother made a promise that pleased all her children． 媽媽許下了一個令她的孩子們高興的諾言。

十年高考【2002-2011】英語分類匯編----名詞性從句

1（2011北京卷22）________ Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.A.Which

B what

C.That

D.Whom 2（2011北京卷31）The shocking news mad me realize _____terrible problems we would face.A.what

B.how

C.that

D.why

3（2011上海卷31）There is clear evidence _____ the most difficult feeling of all to interpret is bodily pain.A.what

B.if

C.how

D.that

4（2011上海卷38）The message you intend to convey through words may be the exact opposite of _____ others actually understand.A.why

B.that

C.which

D.what 5（2011山東卷26）I am afraid he’s more of a talker than a doer, which is ______ he never finishes anything.A.that

B.when

C.where

D.why

6（2011山東卷33）We’ve offered her the job, but I don’t know______ she’ll accept it.A.where

B.what

C.whether

D.which 7（2011江西卷26）The villagers have already known ______ we’ll do is to rebuild the bridge.A.this

B.that

C.what

D.which 8（2011江蘇卷26）It was never clear _______ the man hadn’t reported the accident sooner.A.that

B.how

C.when

D.why

9（2011安徽卷33）His writing is so confusing that it’s difficult to make out _____it is he is trying to express.A.that

B.how

C.who

D.what

10（2011四川卷10）Our teachers always tell us to believe in ________ we do and who we are if we want to succeed.A.why

B.how

C.what

D.which 11（2011遼寧卷23）Twenty students want to attend the class that aims to teach ___to read first.A.what

B.who

C.how

D.why

12（2011遼寧卷32）When the news came_________the war broke out, he decided to serve in the army.A.since

B.which

C.that

D.because 13（2011天津卷13）Modern science has given clear evidence ______ smoking can lead to many diseases.A.what

B.which

C.that

D.where 14（2011陜西卷15）I’d like to start my own business–that’s ____ I’d do if I had the money.A.why

B.when

C.which

D.what 15（2011重慶卷22）It is still under discussion __________the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.A.whether

B.when

C.which

D.where

第三篇：高考英語總復習測試題-18

億庫教育網

http://www.tmdps.cn

高考英語總復習測試題-18 選擇填空

1.China is a country __________ the third world.a.belonged to b.which belongs to c.which is belonged to d.which is belonging to

2.Yesterday Retty didn‘t come here because of _____.And now she is _________ to play basketball.a.ill ,enough good b.illness, good enough c.sick, enough well d.illness, well enough

3.What do you think ________ in the pan over the fire? a.is there b.has there c.there is d.there has

4.It’s nice ________ her to help me _______ my physics.a.of, with b.for, study c.from, to study d.with ,studying

5.He was bron in the year ______ the Anti-Japaese War ________.a.which, broke out b.when ,broke out C.in which, was broken out d.on which ,was broken out

6.Doctors ______ him again and again to give up ___________.a.suggested/drink b.advised/drinking c.talked/to drink d.discussed/drinking

7.---Why are you late?---I ________ the meeting_________ at 10:00 ,so I caught the 9:00 train.a.think,would start b.thought,will start c.thought would start

億庫教育網

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億庫教育網

http://www.tmdps.cn d.thought,had started

8.By the age of 26,he________ to speak 7 languages and write 4 of them.a.was learning b.has learned c.learned d.had learned

9.Tom talked to his classmates_____________.a.in a friendly way b.friendly c.like friend d.as friend

10.Have you considered ________ Betty a chance to go to college? a.giving b.to give c.give d.to have given

11.Did slave owners grow very rich ___________ the work of slavers? a.in b.by c.on d.with

12.Peope used _________ that China was poor_______ oil,while in fact,she is rich _______ oil.a.to think ,in ,in b.thinking,at ,at c.for thinking, in ,in d.to think, of ,of

13.Do you consider he __________ your best friend? a.as b.to be c.is d.being

14.I‘ll do __________ help you out of the trouble.Which of the following is wrong? a.what I can to b.that I can to c.my best to d.all I can to

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億庫教育網

http://www.tmdps.cn

15.Many students have come into tne classroom.Look!___________ students are coming here.a.more two b.other two c.another two d.two ather

16.He can drink ________ eight bottles of beer each time.But I think he had better not drink_______ beer.a.as much as,as many b.as many as ,so much c.so,much as ,as many d.so many as ,as much

17.Next summer holidays,I will spend the ______________ days at my___________.a.first few,uncle’s b.first a few ,uncle‘s c.first a few,uncle’s d.first few,uncle

18.---Welcome to my house.Would you like a glass of milk and some hamburger?---Yes,________________.a.very well ,thanks b.that would be nice c.you are wonderful d.it certainly is

19.---Why not play football this afternoon?---____________.Who shall we ask? a.Good idea b.That‘s right c.We’d better not d.That‘s all right

20.---Oh,it’s six o‘clock already.I must be off now.---Can ’t you stay a little longer?---____________________.a.I hope not b.Thank you ever so much c.I‘m afraid not d.No,that ’s all

答案

億庫教育網

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億庫教育網

http://www.tmdps.cn

億庫教育網http://www.tmdps.cn 1--10:b d c a b b c d a a 11-20:c a c b c b a b a c

第四篇：2009年高考英語復習主語從句、表語從句練習題

主語從句、表語從句鞏固訓練題

1.It has been proved _________ eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life.A.if B.because C.when D.that

2.The last time we had great fun was ________ we were visiting the Water Park.A.where B.that C.when D.why

3.________ matters most in learning English is enough practice.A.What B.Why C.Where D.Which 4.The traditional view is ______ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make use do so.A.when B.why C.whether D.that 5.______ parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children.96A.That B.Which C.WhatD.As 6.________

is

our

belief

that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy.A.As B.That

C.This

D.It 7.______ team wins on Saturday willthrough to the national championships.A.No matter what B.No

matter which C.Whatever D.Whichever 8.You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is ______ I agree.A.why B.where C.what

.D how 9.After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, ____ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space.A.where B.what C.that D.how 10.I think Father would like to know ______ I’ve been up to so far, so I decide to send him a quick note.A.which B.why C.what D.how 11.Our country is developing at an amazing speed, and this is ______ makes me feel so proud.A.what B.which C.that D.why 12.________ puzzles the scientists is how these creatures can survive in such severe conditions.A.What B.As C.That D.It 13._____ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.A.Anyone B.Who C.Whoever D.The person 14.Inside the White House, there is a room called the Oval Office.That’s _______ the president works.A.whey B.when C.what D.where 15.______ you will be admitted to York University will be decided by the Admission Committee.A.That B.Whether C.What D.If 16.The reason ____ I plan to go is _____ she will be disappointed if I don’t.A.why;that

B.that;because C.which;because D.why;for 17.We sell handmade gifts._____gift you order from us is unique for the special person!A.Which B.That C.Whichever D.What that/what的區別

1．_______your father wants to know is________ getting on with your studies.A.What;how are you

B.That；how you are

C.How；that you are

D.What；how you are 2.The trouble is__________we are short of tools.A.what

B.that

C.how

D.why that 3.America was __________was first called “India” by Columbus.A.what

B.where

C.the place

D.there where 4.China is becoming stronger and stronger.It is no longer_________.A.what it used to be

B.what it was used to being

C.what it used to being

D.what it was used to be

5.________he really means is ________he disagrees with us.A.What … that

B.That … what

C.What … what

D.That … what

6.The energy is ________ makes the cells able to do their work.A.that B.which C.what D.such 1-17: DCADC DDBBC disagree，與agree具有相同用法，既可以作及物動詞，又可以作不及物動詞，但要注意對應的場合。下面以agree為例，具體說明之。

agree只有在以下兩種情形中作及物動詞：

1）agree + to do sth.（動詞不定式）

2）agree + that...（that引導的賓語從句）

agree在其他場合只能作不及物動詞： 1）agree with + sb./view/opnion等名詞

2)agree to + sth.(plan/suggestion等總括名詞)

3）agree on + sth.（date/place等具體內容方面的名詞）ADCDB AC that/what的區別 DBAAAC 8

第五篇：高考英語復習主語從句、表語從句練習題（模版）

主語從句、表語從句鞏固訓練題

(附參考答案)

1.It has been proved _________ eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life.A.if B.because

C.when

D.that 2.The last time we had great fun was ________ we were visiting the Water Park.A.where B.how

C.when

D.why 3.________ matters most in learning English is enough practice.A.What B.Why

C.Where

D.Which 4.The traditional view is ______ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make use do so.A.when B.why

C.whether

D.that 5.______ parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children.A.That B.Which

C.What

D.As 6.________ is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy.A.As B.That

C.This

D.It 7.______ team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships.A.No matter what

B.No matter which

C.Whatever

D.Whichever 8.You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is ______ I disagree.A.why B.where

C.what

.D how 9.After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, ____ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space.A.where B.what

C.that

D.how 10.I think Father would like to know ______ I’ve been up to so far, so I decide to send him a quick note.A.which B.why

C.what

D.how 11.Our country is developing at an amazing speed, and this is ______ makes me feel so proud.A.what B.which

C.that

D.why 12.________ puzzles the scientists how these creatures can survive in such severe conditions.A.What B.As

C.That

D.It 13._____ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.A.Anyone B.Who

C.Whoever

D.The person 14.Inside the White House, there is a room called the Oval Office.That’s _______ the president works.A.whey B.when

C.what

D.where 15.______ you will be admitted to York University will be decided by the Admission Committee.A.That B.Whether

C.What

D.If 16.The reason ____ I plan to go is _____ she will be disappointed if I don’t.A.why;that B.that;because

C.which;because D.why;for 17.We sell handmade gifts._____gift you order from us is unique for the special person!A.Which B.That

C.Whichever

D.What that/what的區別

1．_______your father wants to know is________ getting on with your studies.A.What;how are you B.That；how you are C.How；that you are D.What；how you are 2.The trouble is__________we are short of tools.A.what B.that C.how D.why that 3.America was __________was first called “India” by Columbus.A.what B.where C.the place D.there where 4.China is becoming stronger and stronger.It is no longer_________.A.what it used to be B.what it was used to being C.what it used to being D.what it was used to be 5.________he really means is ________he disagrees with us.A.What … that B.That … what C.What … what D.That … what 6.The energy is ________ makes the cells able to do their work.A.that B.which C.what D.such Keys: 1-17: DCADC DDBBC

ADCDB

AC that/what的區別 DBAAAC