第一篇:2014年高考總復習方案
2014年高考總復習方案(數學篇)輪次 任務 復習方式習題量 一輪復習:1.按章節進行單元按章節進行單元復習,主要目標是鞏固章節基本概2013年7月
2月底 復習.關 念、定義、定理、公式、方法、技巧、題型,注重講1.同步課時練;知識. 初至2014年2.每周一次同步過練結合,以單元訓練為主,突出重點難點,夯實基礎2.單元過關訓練主要目標是鞏固基礎知識,構建知識網絡,強化重點
知識,提升解題能力.專題訓練與綜合訓練相結合,對重點專題要重點訓練.將專題可分為:
(1)函數與導數、不等式;
(2)數列、極限與數學歸納法;
二輪復習:
2014年3月
初至2014年
4月底(3)向量與三角函數; 1.以專題為主線進行復習. 2.專項配套訓練(4)排列組合與二項式定理;(5)直線、圓與圓錐曲線;(6)直線、平面與簡單幾何體;
(7)概率與統計;
(8)數學思想方法:函數思想、分類與整合思想、方程思想、數形結合思想、轉化與化歸思想、運動變
化思想、客觀題解法研究等.
(9)熱點問題:應用性問題,探索性問題,創新型
問題. .2.每周滾動綜合訓練
1.精做歷年高考真題.歷年的高考真題具有很強的代表性,考生可以購買歷年各個省市的高考真題進行
1.前半段以綜合訓強化訓練.
練、模擬訓練為主,2.整理錯題本.整理錯題,建立錯題庫.一般的錯
三輪復習:
2014年5月
初至高考 以提高綜合解題能誤類型有:①粗心導致錯誤,②思維與方法性錯誤,力. ③知識性錯誤等. 2.后半段進行查缺3.精選各地的最新模擬試題,進行模擬實戰訓練.之
補漏,回歸課本,進所以選擇各地試題,其一是為了熟悉各類題型,其二
行實戰演練和心理是歷年高考都有各地考點“輪回考”的特點.此外,最
調節. 后還是以本省市的模擬題為主.
4.回歸教材.再次對教材的例、習題、復習參考題
重做一遍,要知道,教材是高考命題的源泉.
第二篇:2014年高考總復習方案
智能暑期輔導班內部資料 2014年高考總復習方案
首先,關注基礎知識。高考試題無論如何選材,落腳點還是教材主干基礎知識,即“題目在書外,答案在書中”。因此,在高考的一輪復習中,要認真閱讀教材,聽老師的講解,作好課堂筆記,結合復習資料,對基礎知識加深理解,掌握知識的內涵和外延。其次,建立知識體系。同學們應在建立起本章節知識網絡結構的基礎上,形成跨越章節的內容之間的聯系,建立學科內某些板塊知識的網絡結構,從不同的角度建立貫穿全部內容的規律、技巧和方法上的聯系。最后,或預?或廢?凡事預則立不預則廢。古希臘哲學大師亞里士多德寫道:“首先,要有一個明確可行的構想,也就是一個目標;其次,用任何可行的方式來達成目標;第三,調整所用的一切方法,以達到成功。”只有明確而具體的目標才可衡量,而只有可衡量的目標才可能達到。
時間不由分說地把我們帶到了求學路上的分水嶺,快節奏的學習生活將填滿我們今后一年中的每個日夜,當課桌上的書本、習題越摞越高,大大小小的考試已成為家常便飯時,高三,已悄無聲息地拉開了帷幕,我們唯有向著目標揚帆起航。
智能暑期輔導班內部資料1
智能暑期輔導班內部資料2
智能暑期輔導班內部資料3
智能暑期輔導班內部資料4
智能暑期輔導班內部資料5
第三篇:高考復習計劃2014年高考總復習方案【精品推薦】
2014年高考總復習方案(語文篇)時間 目標 實施方法 獨門技巧
①跟著老師走,課本為重中之重。回顧
課本,掌握基礎知識。老師布置的任務
一定要不折不扣地完成。計劃背誦。將隨身攜帶筆記本 1個筆記本是專門的字、詞集錦,將平時所高中所有課本的文言文、詩歌、詞賦的見的容易誤讀的字和容易望文生義的詞語(主要是成語)全
第一輪
2013年7月
~2014年2月 豐富知識儲備 篇名整理成目錄,每日堅持背誦,包括部收錄,然后利用早讀大聲朗讀加以強記;1文中的重點詞匯等。文言文可摘取重點專門收錄一些俗語或者從報刊中摘錄一些自己認為比較好的文段或重點篇章來背誦,背誦完成后可文章、段落、句子等,如果摘錄的東西太長,就把它裁剪下在目錄后做標識。堅持在第一輪復習中
完成背誦。
②保持一定量的課外閱讀。推薦報刊:
《青年文摘》《散文》《科學畫報》等。來粘貼到本子上,晚上睡覺時可以翻看。枕頭書 在枕邊長期放一本成語詞典,每天睡覺前可以看3 ~5條成語,長期堅持,也就是一個很好的積累。
①堅持整理一輪復習中的筆記本。
②結合語文復習資料的分類板塊來逐一
復習,每周攻破一項。
③豐富閱讀基礎 針對高考語文閱讀
“重名家不中名篇”的特點,可分別整
理高中課本中涉及到的一些名家的生活
第二輪 背景、寫作特色、精神氣質等。如,考
2014年3月~4月逐一突破 生需要將魯迅的各種特點整理出來,實文言文字典 翻看文言文字典,掌握文言文實詞和虛詞的用法,經常翻看《考試大綱》規定的文言文實詞和虛詞以及一些特殊的例句。將《考試大綱》要求的100個文言文實詞、18個虛詞,分別分散到每天的學習中去。名人名家錄 將課本中涉及的名人,包括詩人、詞人的基本資料整理在筆記本中,如果自己把握不準,可以讓老師幫忙。分類練習專項突破需要一定量的習題練習,此外一定要將錯現從對人的理解進而到對文章的理解。題整理出來。④重點攻破文言文 在第一輪背誦的基大語文 廣攝取,活應用。主要是針對“星光燦爛”的語言應礎上,分別整理各篇文章中的實詞、虛用題。多注意電視、廣告牌上的廣告詞,報紙的標題等,甚詞、特殊句式。至是門口的對聯都不放過,有隨時隨地積累的意識。⑤每周一卷 此時可以每周利用整塊的時間來完成一份語文試卷。
關注考試范圍、新
增內容、題型示例及樣卷。它們不但能滿分作文精讀 精選一些往年的滿分作文來背誦,尤其注意其讓考生對高考試卷的長度、題型的大致首段和末段。此外,整理往年高分作文的標題也是一個提高
第三輪
2014年5月至高
考 最后沖刺 比例有所了解,更能告訴考生本高作文成績的好方法。將歷年來你覺得很好的作文標題整理出考的命題走向。來,參透其模式,模仿其模式。②重溫重要考點 字音和字形,常見實試卷錯題集 不同于之前的錯題本,改錯題本主要是整理試卷
詞、虛詞,文學常識和名篇名句等。中的錯題,此時的錯題已經是進一步地篩選過后的錯題,非
③重點準備作文。
④每三天一卷。常具有針對性。
2014年高考總復習方案(數學篇)輪次 任務 復習方式習題量 一輪復習:1.按章節進行單元按章節進行單元復習,主要目標是鞏固章節基本概2013年7月
2月底 復習.關 念、定義、定理、公式、方法、技巧、題型,注重講1.同步課時練;知識. 初至2014年2.每周一次同步過練結合,以單元訓練為主,突出重點難點,夯實基礎2.單元過關訓練
主要目標是鞏固基礎知識,構建知識網絡,強化重點
知識,提升解題能力.專題訓練與綜合訓練相結合,對重點專題要重點訓練.將專題可分為:
(1)函數與導數、不等式;
(2)數列、極限與數學歸納法;
二輪復習:
2014年3月
初至2014年
4月底(3)向量與三角函數; 1.以專題為主線進行復習. 2.專項配套訓練(4)排列組合與二項式定理;(5)直線、圓與圓錐曲線;(6)直線、平面與簡單幾何體;
(7)概率與統計;
(8)數學思想方法:函數思想、分類與整合思想、方程思想、數形結合思想、轉化與化歸思想、運動變
化思想、客觀題解法研究等.
(9)熱點問題:應用性問題,探索性問題,創新型
問題. .2.每周滾動綜合訓練
1.精做歷年高考真題.歷年的高考真題具有很強的代表性,考生可以購買歷年各個省市的高考真題進行
1.前半段以綜合訓強化訓練.
練、模擬訓練為主,2.整理錯題本.整理錯題,建立錯題庫.一般的錯
三輪復習:
2014年5月
初至高考 以提高綜合解題能誤類型有:①粗心導致錯誤,②思維與方法性錯誤,力. ③知識性錯誤等. 2.后半段進行查缺3.精選各地的最新模擬試題,進行模擬實戰訓練.之補漏,回歸課本,進所以選擇各地試題,其一是為了熟悉各類題型,其二
行實戰演練和心理是歷年高考都有各地考點“輪回考”的特點.此外,調節. 最后還是以本省市的模擬題為主.
4.回歸教材.再次對教材的例、習題、復習參考題
重做一遍,要知道,教材是高考命題的源泉.
2014年高考總復習方案(英語篇)輪次 任務 獨門技巧習題量
①準備一本權威的英漢詞典,背誦課本單詞時參考詞
①以涵蓋單元考
同步過關。
第一輪 ②注重背誦課文
(80天)位。
③同步課本復習
語法。形變化都是連在一起的,考生可通過比較來背誦。②每晚臨睡前花上5分鐘的時間把白天背誦的單詞在腦中過一遍,然后第二天清晨醒來時再迅速回顧這些單詞,這樣背誦的單詞更不容易忘。③記單詞還要掌握一個技巧,就是借助英文解釋來記憶。比如join/attend/take part in,如果你知道它們的join—become a member of;attend——have a share in/help)遇到辨析題也不怕。讀與寫作練習。
比較法。側重語法知識間的聯系與區別,可采用比較
and some of them are businessmen.與friends, some of whom are businessmen.第一句中有并列連詞and,為并列句。后半句使用人稱
第二輪 專項訓練1:語法whom
②每2~3天進行一替代friends。(30天)分類訓練 項語法的專題訓掌握語法的本質:一個句子有且只有一個謂語。根據
練。可能是并列句子,如“The secretary worked far into
”
work作謂語,而prepare則使用其them替代friends,沒有連接詞,是一個主從復合
第四篇:高考英語從句總復習
從句
一. 定義
1.句子分為簡單句和復合句。簡單句是只有一個主謂賓結構。復合句是由兩個或兩個以上的主謂賓結構構成的句子。
2.復合句是由一個主句和一個或一個以上的從句構成的句子。主句是全句的主體,從句是主句的一個成分,它不能單獨做句子,它在句子中作什么成分,就叫什么成分的從句,如作主語的就叫主語從句,作賓語的就叫賓語從句,作表語的就叫表語從句,作定語的叫定語從句,作狀語的就叫狀語從句。3.復合句主要有三大從句,即名詞性從句(包括主語從句,賓語從句,表語從句,同位語從句)、形容詞性從句(即定語從句)、副詞性從句(即狀語從句,包括時間、條件、結果、目的、原因、讓步、地點、方式等)。
二. 名詞性從句
(一)主語從句
1.主語從句是指從句充當主語的句子。2.引導詞;關系代詞:(1)從句成分什么都不缺:thatwhetherif(whether一般跟or not 搭配使用,if不能)That the earth is round is true Whether she comes or not makes no difference(2)從句成分缺人:whowhomwhosewhoeverwhomever(3)從句成分缺物:whatwhatererwhichwhichever Who will be our monitor hasn't been decided yet.Whom we must study for is a question of great importance.Whose watch was lost is unknown.What caused the accident remains unknown.Whatever you did is right.關系副詞:where:(什么地方),從句中缺地點狀語 when:(什么時候),從句中缺時間狀語 why:(什么原因),從句中缺原因狀語 how:(如何,怎樣),從句中缺方式狀語
Where he is from is the question nobody can answer She don’t know how she can get to the hospital Why he is late is he was ill yesterday 3.主語從句的特殊形式:it做形式主語的主語從句結構(1)It is +名詞+從句
It is a fact an honor that(2)it is +形容詞+從句
It is natural obviouspossible that…(3)it is +不及物動詞+從句
It seems happened that…(4)it +過去分詞+從句
It is reported that… 據報道… It is said that…據說…
It has been proved that… 已證實…
4.主語從句不可位于句首的五種情況
(1)if 引導的主語從句不可居于復合句句首。
(2)It is said ,(reported)…結構中的主語從句不可提前。例如:
It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week.(right)That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said.(wrong)(3)It happens…, It occurs… 結構中的主語從句不可提前。例如:
It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.(right)That he failed in the examination occurred to him.(wrong)
(4)It doesn’t matter how/whether …結構中的主語從句不可提前。例如:
It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not.(right)Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter.(wrong)
(5)含主語從句的復合句是疑問句時,主語從句不可提前。例如:
Is it likely that it will rain in the evening?(right)Is that will rain in the evening likely?(wrong)5.注意:
(1)主語從句的時態:不受主句的時態影響和限制。
Whether we will go for an outing tomorrow remains unknown.Who will be our monitor hasn't been decided yet.(2)主語從句中的引導詞放在句首不能省略
(二).賓語從句
1.從句在主句中充當賓語的句子是賓語從句 2.引導詞
3.賓語從句的幾種形式(1)做及物動詞的賓語 I heard that he joined the army.I wonder whether you can change this note for me.She told me that she would accept my invitation.(2)作介詞的賓語
Our success depends upon how hard we work(3).作形容詞的賓語
I am afraid(that)I’ve made a mistake.I am glad that you have made such progress(4)動詞+it+that結構
It做形式賓語,代替that引導的賓語從句
He has made it clear that he won’t give up the opportunity We consider it necessary that we should open out(5)賓語從句否定的轉移
若主句謂語動詞為think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, guess, imagine等,其后的賓語從句若含有否定意義,一般要把否定詞轉移到主句謂語上,從句謂語用肯定式。例如:
I don’t think this dress fits you well.4.注意:(1)賓語從句的語序是陳述句語序
(2)如果主句謂語是現在時或將來時,賓語從句的謂語時態不受限制,如果主句時態是過去時,賓語從句一般要隨著改為相應的過去時(即一般過去時、過去進行時、過去完成時、過去將來時等)。He thought he was working for the people.
I heard she had been to the Great W all.
John hoped that he would find a job soon.
但賓語從句如果表示定理法則、永恒真理等,則不變化:
The teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun
(三)表語從句
從句在主句中充當表語成分的句子是表語從句。一般結構是“主語+連系動詞+表語從句” The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.This is why we can’t get the support of the people
But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.(四)同位語從句
1.同位語從句是修飾前面名詞的從句。
The king’s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general 2.同位語在句子中的位置
同位語從句有時可以不緊跟在它所說明的名詞后面,而是被別的詞隔開。例如:
He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.3.同位語從句與定語從句的區別
(1)定語從句中的that既代替先行詞,同時以在從句中作某個成分(主語或賓語),而同位語從句中的that是連詞,只起連接主句與從句的作用,不充當句中任何成分。
(2)定語從句是形容詞性的,其功能是修飾先行詞,對先行詞加以限定,描述定的性質或特征;同位語從句是名詞性的,其功能是對名詞進行補充說明。例如:
The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.(他告訴我的消息是湯姆明年將出國。)(第一個that引導的從句是定語從句,that在從句中作賓語)
The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.(湯姆將出國的消息是他講的。)(同位語從句,that在句中不作任何成分)
三.形容性從句(定語從句)
(一)含義:從句充當定語成分的句子叫做定語從句。定語從句分為限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句。先行詞:被定語從句修飾的成份。先行詞可以為一個詞,短語,或整個主句。引導定語從句的詞叫關系詞,分為關系代詞和關系副詞。
(二)限制性定語從句
1.限制性定語是指定語從句緊跟它所修飾的中心名詞或代詞之后,沒有逗號分開。2.引導詞:分為關系代詞和關系副詞。(1)關系代詞引導的定語從句:
that:指代人、事物,作主語、賓語,做賓語時可以省略 who:指代人,做主語
whom:指代人,做賓語,可以省略。它在口語和非正式用語中常用who代替,可以省略 The man whowhom you met just now is my brother.which:指代事物,做主語、賓語。做賓語可以省略 whose:指代人、物,做定語,其后直接加名詞 He has a friend whose father is a doctor.The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.指物時常用以下結構代替:
The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.——The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired(2)關系副詞引導的定語從句:
where:指地點,在定語從句中做地點狀語 Shai hai is the city where I was born
The house where I live ten years ago has been pulled down when: 指時間,在定語從句中做時間狀語
I still remember the day when I first came to the school why: 指原因,在定語從句中做原因狀語
Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane 注意: 關系副詞引導的定語從句都可以用“介詞+關系代詞”引導的定語從句來代替 Shai hai is the city wherein which I was born I still remember the day whenon which I first came to the school Please tell me the reason why for which you missed the plane 練習:
A letter------is written in pencil is difficult to read.(主語)Do you know the gentleman-----spoke just now? You can take anything----you like.(賓語)What is the question-----they are talking about? Here is the man-----you want to see.3.注意
(1)限制性定語從句中只能用that的幾種情況:
A 當先行詞是anything, everything, nothing(something 除外), few, all, none, little, some等代詞時,或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等代詞修飾時,要用that Have you taken down everything that Mr.Li has said? There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world.All that can be done has been done.B 當先行詞是序數詞或被序數詞修飾,如:firstlastnext等
The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.C 當先行詞是形容詞最高級或被形容詞最高級修飾時
This is the best film that I have seen.D 當形容詞被the very, the only 修飾時
This is the very dictionary that I want to buy,After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned.當先行詞指人時,偶爾也可以用who
Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting/ E 當先行詞前面有who, which等疑問代詞時
Who is the man that is standing there? Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? F 當先行詞既有人,也有動物或者物體時
Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned? G 如有兩個從句,其中一個關系代詞已用which,另一個關系代詞宜用that。He built a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.(2)限制性定語從句中只能用who的情況:
A 當定語從句對指人的先行詞進行隔位修飾時,只能用who(whom)。如:
Do you know the girl in front of the blackboard who is speaking to the students? 你認識黑板前面正在給學生們講話的那位女孩子嗎?
B 當先行詞為people和those時,只能用who(whom)。如:
Those who want to go there come here please.那些想去那兒的人請來這邊。
C 當先行詞為one, ones, anyone, everyone, none, all(指人)時,只能用who(whom)。如: Anyone who is against us is our enemy.任何反對我們的人就是我們的敵人。D 在there be句型中名詞的定語從句多用who(whom)。如:
There are students in our class who / whom you have met.我們班有些學生你見過。
E 當句子中有兩個指人的現行詞分別帶有兩個定語從句時,若一個定語從句的引導詞為that, 那么,另一個定語從句的引導詞必定為who。如:
The boy that you met just now is Li Ming’s brother who just graduated from a university.剛才你會到的那個男孩是李明的剛從大學畢業的弟弟。
(3)以the way為先行詞的定語從句通常由in which, that引導,而且通常可以省略。
The way in which/ that/./ he answered the question was surprising
(三).非限制性定語從句
1.含義:先行詞和從句用逗號隔開,對所修飾你名詞或代詞等起補充說明的作用。如果去掉從句,并不影響它所修飾的先行詞的意義。
2.引導詞(1)關系代詞:
指人:who :做主語,不可省略 ;whom:做賓語,不可省略 指物:which:做主語或賓語,不可省略(2)關系副詞:
when where why as等
Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.A.it
B.that
C.which
D.he 答案C.此為非限定性從句,不能用 that修飾,而用which.,it 和he 都使后句成為句子,兩個獨立的句子不能單以逗號連接。況且選he句意不通。
The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.A.what B.which C.that D.it 答案B。which可代替句子,用于非限定性定語從句,而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定語從句,it不為連詞,使由逗號連接的兩個句子并在一起在英語語法上行不通。
3.as和which 引導的非限制性定語從句
(1)as和which都可在句子中做主語或賓語,它們指代的是整個句子 He married her,aswhich is natural He is honest,aswhich we can see(2)as引導的定語從句可以放在主句之前,也可放在主句之尾,還可分割整個主句,which引導的定語從句只能放在主句之后;as有“正如,正想”之意 As is known to us,china is a developing country He is from south,which we can see from his accent
John ,as you know,is famous writer(3)作主語時,which既可以作系動詞be的主語,也可以作實義動詞的主語;而這時as 只可以做系動詞be的主語。例如:
A)He married her, which was natural.(可用as代替which)他和她結婚,這是很自然的事。
B)He won a/the Nobel Prize in chemistry, which made him illustrious.(不可用as 代替which)他獲得了諾貝爾化學獎,這使他名揚天下。
It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..A.that B.which C.as D.it(4).在which引導的定語從句中,謂語動詞若是am, is, are則這些系動詞不能省略;而as后面若是這種情況,則可以省略。例如:
A)He is a teacher, as(is)clear from his manner.(is可以省略)B)He said he had never seen her before, which was not true.(was不可省略)(5)當先行詞有such,the same修飾時,常用as I have never heard such a story as he tells This is the same book as I lost last week 注意:當先行次由the same修飾時,偶爾也用that引導定語從句,但是和由as所引導的定語從句意思不同
She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding.她穿著她在MARY婚禮上穿過的一條裙子。
She wore the same dress as her young sister wore.她穿著和她妹妹所穿的一樣的裙子。
(四)引導詞+介詞引導的定語從句
關系代詞在從句中做介詞的賓語時,從句常用介詞+關系代詞引: The school whichthat he once studied is vert famous ——the school in which he once studied is very famous Tomorrow I will bring a book whichthat you ask for Tomorrow I will bring a book for which you ask 注意:
A:含有介詞的動詞短語一般不拆開使用。如:look at, look for, look after, take care of等 This is watch whichthat I looking for B:當介詞放在關系代詞之前時,關系代詞指人是只能用whom,,關系代詞指代物時,只能用which,關系代詞是所有格時,用whose The man with whom you talked is my friend C:介詞+定語從句,前面可有some any both each none neither 等代詞或數詞修飾 He love his parents deeply,both of whom are very kind to him There are forty students in our class,,most of whom are from cities 四.狀語從句
一:時間狀語從句
(一)when, while和as。
1.when引導從句的動作可以與主句的動作同時發生,也可以先于主句的動作。引導的從句的謂語動詞可以是延續性的動詞(一段時間),又可以是瞬時動詞(一點時間)。when還含有“at that moment”的意思,引起的句子不能放在句首
When he heard the news,they were much surprised(從句的動作先于主句的動作)When she came in, I stopped eating.她進來時,我在吃飯。(瞬時動詞)
When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him.當的住在農村時,我常常為他擔水。(延續性的動詞)
We were watching TV when suddenly the lights went out.我們正在看電視,這時燈突然滅了。They had just arrived home when it began to rain.他們剛到家,這時天就開始下雨了。
2.while 從句的動作和主句同時發生,從句的謂語動作必須是延續性的。并且while有時還可以表示對比 While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV I like playing football while you like playing basketball 3.as 從句的動作和主句同時發生。從句的謂語動詞可是瞬時性的,也可是延續性的。從句和主句要表示一個人的兩個動作交替進行或同時完成時,則多用as,可譯為“一邊......,一邊......” She came up as I was cooking.(延續性)The runners started as the gun went off.(瞬時性)He looked behind from to time as he went.他一邊走,一邊不時地往后看。
As time goes on, it’s getting warmer and warmer..隨著時間的推移,天氣變得越來越暖了。練習:
1.He was about halfway through his meal ____ a familiar voice came to his ears.(2006遼寧)
A.why B.where C.when D.while 2.— I’m going to the post office.— ____ you’re there, can you get me some stamps?(1999)
A.As B.While C.Because D.If 3.____ the days went on, the weather got worse.(1990)
A.With B.Since C.While D.As 4.Tom ____ into the house when no one ____.(1992)
A.slipped;was looking B.had slipped;looked
C.slipped;had looked D.was slipping;looked 如果主句的動作發生于表示“當……時”的時間狀語從句中的動作的進行過程中,從句常用進行時。如: The landlady suspected that someone must have broken into the house when/while/as she was watching TV show.女房東懷疑在她看電視時曾有人闖入屋
5.I ____ along the street looking for a place to park when the accident ____.(2006安徽)
A.went;was occurring B.went;occurred C.was going;occurred D.was going;had occurred 6.It was some time ____ we realized the truth.(2005山東)
A.when B.until C.since D.before 7.— Why didn’t you tell him about the meeting?
— He rushed out of the room ____ I could say a word.(2006四川)
A.before B.until C.when D.after
(二)before 和after
before引導時間狀語從句時表示從句的動作發生在主句動作之后,如主句是將來時,從句中現在時,從句是過去時,主句用過去完成時。after引導時間狀語從句時表示從句的動作發生在主句動作之前。
It will be some time before we know the results After we had finished dinner,we went home.重點:before 的用法
1.用于It + be + 時間段 + before...句型中,意思是“在……之后才……”,如果主句中用否定式,則表示“不多久……就”。
It will be five years before I come back.我五年后才能回來。
It was not long before the enemy was driven out of their country.不久之后,敵人就被趕走了。
It won’t be long before they understand each other.他們不久就會互相了解的。
2.還有“趁……(還沒有)”之意。例如:
They are thinking of buying the house before the prices go up.他們正在考慮趁房價未漲時把房子買下來。
Do it before you forget it.趁早動手,以免忘了 3.短語before long與long before的區別
before long是“很快,不久”的意思, 可以用于各種時態。如:
Before long, he went to America.不久,他就去了美國。
I hope to see you before long.我希望不久后再見到你。
而 long before是“很久以前”的意思,一般用在過去時或過去完成時的句子里。如: She said she had read the novel long before.她說她很久以前就讀過這部小說。
(三)till和until
①until和till都可表示“直到...為止”,與主句中持續性動詞的肯定式連用。He waited until / till we finished our meal.他一直等到我們吃完飯。
②當until和till表示“直到...才....”時,通常與主句中短暫動詞的否定式連用,這時,until和till也可用before代替。
I didn’t leave until / till / before she came back.直到她回來,我才離開的。③be動詞的肯定式和否定式都可以和until或till連用。
④until引導的從句可以放在主句之前或主句之后,但till從句一般不放在句首。Until he told me, I knew nothing about it.他告訴我了我才知道。當not until位于句首時,主句中的主語、謂語要使用倒裝語序: Not until she came back did I leave.= I didn’t leave until she came back.在強調句型中一般用until,不用till。如:
It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a
1.It is difficult for us to learn a lesson in life ____ we’ve actually had that lesson.(2007天津)A.until B.after C.since D.when 2.They ____ the train until it disappeared in the distance.(1998)A.saw B.watched C.noticed D.observed 題干中的主句為肯定句,until需要跟主句里肯定形式的表延續性動作的謂語動詞連用,因此本題應選表示延續性動作的watched(其他選項中的saw,noticed,observed所表示的動作都不能延續,意味著結果)。3.“You can’t have this football back ____ you promise not to kick it at my cat again,” the old man said firmly.(2006 A because B.since C.when D.until
(四)since的用法 1.連詞
(1)表示“自從……以來”:
A:主句+since+非延續性動詞
一般主句用現在完成時,從句用過去時,翻譯:“某某自從…以來已經…了 He has studied very hard since he came to our school Since he graduated from the college, he has worked in this city B:主句+since+延續性動詞或表示狀態的動詞
主句用現在完成時,從句用過去時,翻譯:“某某自從沒有…以來已經…了”
He has had several jobs since he was a student at Yale.他自從從耶魯大學畢業以來已經做了好幾份工作。We all have been missing her since she lived here 自從她從這里搬走,我們就再也沒見過她 He has written to me frequently since I was ill.自從我病愈以來,他屢次給我寫信。He has written to me frequently since I fell ill.自從我生病以來,他就屢次給我寫信。C:主句+since +延續性動詞
主句是現在完成時,從句是現在完成時,翻譯:“某某自從…以來…了’
Since we have owned a car, we have gone camping every year。自從我們自己有了汽車,我們每年都去野營。
He has never been to see me since I have been ill.自從我生病以來,他從未來看過我。
He has never been to see me since I was ill.自從我病愈以來,他從未來看過我。
D:It be(一般式或完成式)+表示一段時間的詞匯+since引導的時間狀語從句。It is two years since I became a postgraduate student.我成為研究生已經有2年了。It was three years since we had been there.我們在那兒已呆了三年。
應注意的是,在這種結構中,since引導的從句絕對不能用否定式的謂語動詞來表示否定意義,下面兩句都錯了:
It is a long time since he didn’t study English.It’s two months since you didn’t come to see me.正確的說法為:
It’s a long time since he studied English 他好久沒學英語了。
You haven’t come to see me for two months.你有兩個月沒來看我了。(2)既然;因為
He must have taken the book since it isn't here.他一定是把書拿走了,因為書已不在這里了。
Since it is so hot, let's go swimming.既然天氣這么熱,我們去游泳吧。
2.介詞:表示“自從……以來”,其具體用法有兩種情況:
(1)since+表示過去某個時間點的詞匯(如具體的年、月、日期、鐘點)。
They have been friends since childhood.他們從幼時起一直是好朋友。I have been there many times since the war.自那次戰爭以來,我曾去該地多次。(2)since+表示一段時間的詞匯+ago。
I have been here since five months ago.五個月以來我一直在這里。
They ____ friends since they met in Shanghai.(1989)A.have made B.have become C.have been D.have turned
(五)表示“一…就…”:as soon as, immediately, instantly, directly, hardly /scarcely…when…, no sooner…than…;表示“當…時候”: the time, the moment;by the time(到…時候為止), next time(下次), the first time(第一次…的時候), the last time(上次…的時候),once(一旦…)
She rushed into the room immediately / the moment she heard the noise.她一聽到聲音就沖進房間 He had no sooner arrived there than he fell ill.他剛到達那里就生起病來。
He had hardly finished when someone rose to refute his points.他還沒說完就有人起來反駁他的論點 He left me a good impression the first time I met him.我第一次見他時,他給我留下了好印象。注意:hardly /scarcely…when…, no sooner…than…
前面常用過去完成時,后面用一般過去時。同時它們還可以倒裝: No sooner had he arrived there than he fell ill.他剛到達那里就生起病來。Hardly had he finished when someone rose to refute his points.(六)表示習慣性、經常性:every time(每次), each time(每次), whenever(每當)等。Whenever we met with difficulties, they came to help us.每當我們遇上困難的時候他們就來幫我們 Each time he came to town he would visit our school.他每次進城,總要來看看我們的學校。Every time I went to his house, he was out.我每次去他家,他都出去了。
二.地點狀語從句
地點狀語從句一般由由where(在……的地方), wherever(無論哪里),everywhere(每一個地方)引導的 He is ready to help wherever he is Put you son where you can see him Everywhere they want, they were warmly received 三.原因狀語從句
(一)because since as for 1.because 表示的原因語氣最強;通常放在主句之后,有時也放在主句之前;直接回答why 提出的問題;在強調句中只能用because;被not所否定時只能用because It because he was too careless that he failed 2.since和as表示的原因是人們事先已經知道的,是對已知事實提供理由,而不表示直接原因;since比as語氣稍強,且比as略為正式,兩者通常都放在主句之前 3.for是并列連詞(其作三者為從屬連詞),它有時可表示因果關系(只能放在主句之后,且可與because換用),有時不表示因果關系,而是對前面分句的內容加以解釋或推斷(也只能放在主句之后,但不能與because換用)。
The ground is wet, for(或because)it rained last night.地面是濕的,因為昨晚下過雨。
It rained last night, for(不能用because)the ground is wet this morning.昨晚下過雨,今天早上地面都是濕的(二)由now that,seeing that,considering that(由于…,既然…)
Seeing that it’s raining,we’d better stay indoors.既然外邊在下雨,我們最好待在室內。Now that you are here, you’d better stay.你既然來了,最好還是留下吧
Considering that she has no experience, she has done well enough.考慮到她沒有經驗,她已經做得不錯了
四.條件狀語從句
(一)if,unless
1.if引導的條件狀語從句時,主句是將來時的時候,從句要用一般現在時;if引導條件狀語從句的虛擬;if引導條件狀語從句的省略
If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go hiking.2.unless = if……not
You will never make rapid progress if you don’t work hard
You will never make rapid progress unless you work hard
(二)1.as(so)long as “只要……”As [So] long as you need me, I’ll stay 只要你需要我,我就留下。as(so)long as 還可表示一段時間
Stay as long as you like。你愿留多久都可以。
So long as he lived, I didn’t feel that I have the right to see you between you.在他死之前,我覺得我沒有權利介入你們之間
2.only if 與 if only。only if 意為“只要”,只用于真實條件句中,是if 的強調式;if only 有兩個意思,一是表示“只要”,此時通常與陳述語氣連用,與 only if 用法相似;二是表示“但愿”“要是……就好了”,此時多用于虛擬語氣和感嘆句中。
I will come only if you don’t promise to invite Mary.只要你答應不請瑪麗,我就來。
If only it clears up, we’ll go.只要天晴,我們就去。
If only I hadn’t told him about it.要是我沒有告訴他這事就好了 If only he will listen to you!他要是聽你的話多好!3.as long as 與 only if 的區別
(1)從語氣上看,only if 的語氣要比as long as 強
(2)當主句和從句的謂語動詞均為短暫性動詞時,通常只用 only if,而不用 as long as。如:He will come only if you ask him.(3)兩者均可引導從句置于主句之后,也可置于主句之前。但是,當only if 引導的狀語從句置于主句之前時,其后的主句要用倒裝語序,而且 as long as 引導的從句置于主句之前不用倒裝。如:
As long as it doesn’t rain we can play.只要不下雨,我們就能玩。
Only if a teacher has given permission is a student allowed to enter this room.只有得到教師的允許,學生才可以進這間屋。
(三)provided(providing)(that),on condition that,given that,in case,suppose(supposing)等都有“如果”“假如”之意。
He will do the work providing you pay him 如果你給他錢,他就干活
I send you this book on condition that you pay in cash 假如你付現金,這架相機就賣給你
Given that he wins the support of the people, he will win the election.如果贏得人民的支持,他將取得競選的勝利
Suppose you fail a second time, do not get disappointed, but try again 假如第二次失敗,別灰心,再試試。
五. 讓步狀語從句
(一)although, though“雖然,盡管” 引導讓步狀語從句時,句中不能用but表示轉折語氣,但可跟yet,still表示轉折
Although it's raining, they are still working in the field.雖然在下雨,但他們仍在地里干活。
(二)ever if, even though.“雖然,盡管,即使”We'll make a trip even though the weather is bad.(三)“no matter +疑問詞” 或“疑問詞+后綴ever” :意為“無論…”。No matter what happened, he would not mind.(1)“no matter +疑問詞”不能引導名詞性從句 Whatever you say is of no use now.Prisoners have to eat whatever they're given.囚犯們只能給什么吃什么(2)注意however以下兩類句型結構 ① however+主語+謂語:
However you travel, it’ll take you at least three days.不管你怎么走,至少要三天。② however+形容詞或副詞+主語+謂語:
However much he eats, he never gets fat.無論他吃多少, 他都不發胖。③ 有時該結構中的主語和謂語可以有所省略:
He was of some help, however small.他總能幫些忙,不管多小的忙。I refuse, however favorable the condition.不管條件多好,我都不接受。
(四)讓步狀語從句與倒裝
引導倒裝的讓步狀語從句通常用as和though,但不是能用although;as 可以在以上這樣的倒裝結構中引出讓步狀語,但若不倒裝,則不能用as,而與之相反,although在不倒裝的結構中可引導讓步狀語,但在倒裝的結構中卻不可以用。
(五)讓步狀語從句的虛擬語氣
六.目的狀語從句
(一)so that,in order that, so, that表示“以便;為了”,so that:如果主句是一般現在時,從句常與may,can,will連用;如果主句是一般過去時,從句常與could,should,would,might連用。
We learn English so that we can read English newspapers She came in quietly in order that she couldn’t wake up the baby
(二)least,in case,for fear that 表示“以防,以免”,從句的謂語動詞常用虛擬語氣
七.結果狀語從句
(一)so that,so...that,such...that 1.so…that與such…that的區別在于:
(1)A such+a(an)+adj.+單數可數名詞+that…
He is such a clever boy that everybody likes him.他非常聰明,大家都非常喜歡他。
B such+adj.+復數可數名詞+that…
They are such interesting novels that I want to read them once again.這些小說非常有趣,我想再讀一遍。
C such+adj.+不可數名詞+that…
He has made such great progress that the teachers are pleased with him.注意:如果such后邊的名詞前由many、much、few、little等詞所修飾的話,則不用such而用so。如:
He had so little education that he was unfit for this job.他所受教育很少,不適合做這個工作。(2)so…that也作“如此…以致”
so+adj./adv.+that…clause(so的后面跟形容詞或副詞)
He runs so fast that nobody can catch up with him.他跑得非常快,沒人能追上他。
2.so that引導結果狀語從句時,意思是“因此;所以”;在從句前常有逗號與主句分開;結果狀語從句中沒有情態動詞;目的狀語從句可移到句首,而結果狀語從句不能。
Iohn went early, so that he got a good seat.約翰去的很早,得到了一個好位置。
Iohn went early so that he could get a good seat.約翰去的很早,為的是得到一個好位置。
The little boy saved every coin_________ __________he could buy his mother a present on Mother's day 八.方式狀語從句
方式狀態語從句常由as, as if/as though等。例如:
She acted as if/though nothing had happened.It looks as if it'll rain.as if/as though引導方式狀語從句要用虛擬語氣
第五篇:化學總復習方案
九年級化學總復習教學方案
一、學生分析
九年級共六個教學班,其中九(1)班、九(3)班、九(6)班學生學習習慣較好,學習能力強些,而九(2)班、九(4)、九(5)班大多是沒有養成良好的學習習慣,學習興趣、自覺性比較差,從考試情況來看:優等生占21%,學習發展生占27%。總體情況分析:學生兩極分化十分嚴重,中等生所占比例不大,一部分學生對學習熱情不高,不求上進。而其中的優等生大多對學習熱情高,但對問題的分析能力、計算能力、實驗操作能力存在嚴重的不足,尤其是所涉及和知識拓展和知識的綜合能力等方面不夠好,學生反應能力弱。總體來看,兩極分化還是較嚴重,許多學生對此感到無從下手,不會進行知識的梳理,導致學生掉隊,同時學生面臨畢業和升學的雙重壓力等,致使許多學生產生了厭學心理。這就要求我們在教學過程還注重保護學生學習和積極性,并因材施教。
二、教材分析
魯教版九年級化學(下冊)的內容共五個單元,分別是:第七單元《常見的酸和堿》,第八單元《海水中的化學》,第九單元《金屬》,第十單元《化學與健康》,第十一單元《化學與社會發展》。其中第七、第八、第九單元是重點,尤其是第七單元。不過在上學期已經把第七、第八單元學完了,所以重點學習第九單元。第十、第十一單元教學難度不大,多屬于“知道”、“了解”的層次,容易引起學生的學習興趣。
三、教學進度
通常我們化學在總復習時只能進行兩輪復習,就是通常所說的一輪復習和三輪復習,今年的復習資料正好符合我們的復習計劃,那如何來安排我們的復習進度呢?一輪復習總共分為22個專題,除專題一、二、五、二十一、二十二用一個課時外,其他專題基本上是兩個課時解決一個專題,也就是說一輪復習大約需要39個課時,去掉周末放假,還有期間的耗時約一周的實驗考試,一輪復習基本上在第十二周結束。在一輪復習中確保學生能正確的完成中考題中最簡單的第12、13題。