第一篇：英語高考復習---定語從句講解及練習解析

英語高考復習---定語從句講解及練習解析

第一部分:基礎知識

（一）．定語從句概述

定語可以由形容詞，代詞，數詞，名詞，不定式，介詞短語來充當。如果是一個句子擔任定語，那么這個句子就叫做定語從句，又可稱為形容詞性從句。

定語從句通常修飾某一名詞或代詞，被定語從句修飾的這一名詞或代詞叫先行詞，它位于定語從句之前，定語從句在先行詞后面，應盡量緊跟先行詞。定語從句的作用即在于對先行詞進行限定說明或補充說明。

（二）．定語從句的引導詞。

定語從句的引導詞分為兩類，關系代詞（that, which, who, whom, whose）和關系副詞（when, where, why），引導詞在先行詞和定語從句之間，既起連接作用，即連接先行詞和定語從句，更重要的是，它又在定語從句中作一個成分。

（三）．關系代詞

1.that 指人，物，在從句中作主語，賓語，表語。

This is the photo that I took in the country.He is the singer that I met yesterday.2.which 指物，在從句中作主語，賓語，在非限定定語從句中充當定語，或者代替前句

The film which we saw last night was moving.3.who 指人，在從句中作主語，賓語。

The person who visited our classroom yesterday was our new headmaster.The man who you just talked to is Tom.4.whom 指人，在從句中作賓語。

That is the professor whom you want to know.5.whose 指人，物，在從句中作定語，相當于先行詞+ ’s, 后接一名詞。

I know the boy whose parents are dead.I don’t like those cities whose roads are dirty.【注】：關系代詞在從句中作賓語時可以省略。

（四）．關系副詞

關系副詞在從句中作狀語，有時相當于介詞+which，其中which指代先行詞不可以指示整個句子。

1，when 指時間，在從句中作時間狀語，相當于at/ on/ in/ during which.I’ll never forget the day when(on which)I reached the top of the Huangshan Mountain.2，where 指地點，在從句中作地點狀語，相當于at/ in / to/ which.This is the school where(at which)I studied.3，why 指原因，在從句中作原因狀語，相當于for which.That’s the real reason why(for which)he was late.第二部分：關系代詞的特殊用法

（一）關系代詞指物時, 用that而不用which的情況: 1，先行詞為something ,anything ,nothing ,everything以及all , much , little , a lot ，none , few 等不定代詞時。

My mother was so proud of all that I did 2，先行詞有the last , the very , the only以及all , much , few , no , any ,little等修飾時。

This is the very book that I’m looking for.3，先行詞為序數詞、形容詞最高級(或所修飾)時。

This is the most exciting film that I’ve ever seen.When people talk about Hangzhou , the first that comes to their mind is the West Lake.4，the same 修飾先行詞時 , 定語從句要用that 或as引導 , 但意義不同。

This is the same watch as I lost last Sunday.(表示相同但并非同一)This is the same knife that I used yesterday.(表示就是那個)5，先行詞既有人又有物時, 只能用that。

Do you remember the book and its author that appeared on TV last Sunday 6，There be 后面的定語從句多用that引導 , 不用which。

There’s a seat in the corner that is still free.7，句子前面出現了who , which 時 , 后面的定語從句用that引導。

They built a factory which made some new products that had never been seen before.Who is the man that you were talking about just now ? 8，關系代詞在定語從句作表語時, 常用that , 而不用which、who。

My home town is not the small village that it was 10 years ago.Tom isn’t the man that he used to be(二)

關系代詞指人時, 有時只用who ,而不用that。

1，先行詞為指人的代詞one , those , the man,以及人稱代詞如he等。

Those who are often late for school should be punished.He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man.2，先行詞為someone(somebody), no one(nobody), anyone(anybody), everyone

(everybody)。

Anyone who would like to attend the party should come on time.3，先行詞指人時, 如有序數詞, 最高級, the very , the only ,the last等修飾 , 定語 從句既可用that也可用who引導。

He is the first student who / that worked out the problem.(三)

關系代詞whose的用法：

1，whose 在從句中作定語，表示“先行詞的…”，既可指人，也可指物。

John is my best friend , whose father is a scientist.The old man lived in the house whose window was broken.The boss , in whose company my father worked , was very friendly to the workers.2，whose 可以轉換為of which（物）和of whom（人）。

1)The dictionary whose cover is missing is mine.(劃線部分可改為the cover of which或of which the cover)2)They also invited Mr Wang , whose car was stolen last Sunday.(劃線部分可改為 the car of whom 或 of whom the car)(四)

which的特殊用法：

1，關系代詞which引導的非限制性定語從句 , 有時不是修飾某個先行詞 , 而是指代主句的全部或部分內容。特別注意，非限定定語從句中prep+which 時，which 只能指代先行詞，不可以指代句子。

1）In China , you sometimes get a hot damp cloth to clean your face and hands , which ,however , is not the custom in western countries.2）Helen often came late , which made the class teacher angry.2，which 有時可在定語從句中作定語 , 含義上相當于指示代詞this / that。

1)He stayed in England for 5 years , during which time he learned English well.2)It may rain hard tomorrow , in which case I won’t go fishing.【注】：

which的這種用法與whose 作定語不同。whose 表示“ 先行詞的… ”。

They’re talking about a film , whose name I have forgotten.3，以介詞結尾的動詞不定式作定語時 , 可借關系代詞which把介詞前置。

1）Tomorrow would be Christmas Day , and she had only $ 1.87 with which to buy Jim a present.2）Those poor people had no houses to live in / in which to live.【注】

如果先行詞指人，關系代詞用whom。

I want to find a person to travel to England with / with whom to travel to England.(五)

關系代詞as的用法：

1.引導限制性定語從句：

當先行詞有such , so , the same等修飾時, 關系代詞要用as ； as在從句中可作主語，賓語和表語。

1).I have never seen such a kind girl as she is.2).He is such a good teacher(so good a teacher)as every student respects.比較：He is such a good teacher(so good a teacher)that every student respects him.(此句為such / so … that引導的結果狀語從句)3).Such a student as often studies hard is sure to pass this exam.4).He bought the same bike as I did last week.區別 that I did last week

2.引導非限制性定語從句：

as不修飾某個先行詞，而是指代主句的全部或部分內容，可譯為“這一點，此事；正如”，或不譯。這種從句可位于句首、句中或句尾。常見于

as we all know，as has been said above，as is usual，as is often the case，as everybody can see，as is known to us all等結構。1).He has passed the exam , as is a pleasure to us.2).As we all know , the earth moves around the sun.3).This experiment , as you had expected , succeeded at last.3.，如前所述 , which也可引導這種從句 , 兩者常可互換。(非限定性定語從句謂語句末且指代前面的主句)1）Those two students are wearing the same clothes , which / as is very interesting.2）They came to the party on time , as / which had been expected.但在以下兩種情況下有區別 ：

1).as從句可位于句首(或主句前), 而which從句只能在主句后。

As is often the case , we have worked out the production plan.2).關系代詞作主語時, 如果從句的謂語是及物動詞+賓語的結構, 則只能用which。

His father died in a traffic accident , which made us greatly surprised.3）當which 在從句中指代的是先行詞而不是主句，只能用which The car, which we saw on the playground, is Mike’s.4）“介詞+關系代詞”引導定語從句時，只能用which。

Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, the price of which was very reasonable.5）當后置的非限定性定語從句是否定結構時只能用which引導。

He result of the experiment was very good,which we hadn't expected

6）“介詞+關系代詞”引導定語從句時，只能用which。

Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, the price of which was very reasonable.第三部分：關系副詞的特殊用法

（一）關系副詞when , where , why的用法：

1.關系代詞(which / that)與關系副詞(when, where, why)的選取方法： A)當先行詞是定語從句中的主語或賓語時，選用關系代詞。關系代詞指代先行詞，并代替先行詞在從句中作主語或賓語。

B)如果先行詞不是定語從句中的主語或賓語, 先行詞前面需要加上一個介詞才能在從句中作成分的時候, 選用關系副詞。關系副詞在從句中作狀語，常可轉換為“介詞 +which”。

1)Do you remember the day which / that we spent in the mountain village ? Do you remember the day when(= on which)we visited the mountain village ? 2)This is the factory which / that we visited last year.This is the factory where(= in which)he worked last year.3)

We don’t believe the reason which / that he gave for his coming late.We don’t know the reason why(= for which)he has changed his mind.2.關系副詞where的從句還可以修飾point，situation，case，activity , scene , stage等地點意味不明顯的先行詞。關系副詞when的從句可以修飾occasion , stay等時間意味不明顯的先行詞。關系副詞why只修飾reason 這一個先行詞。

1)Now you can see we’ve come to the point where a change is badly needed.2)Today we’ll discuss some cases where beginners of English fail to use it

properly.3)There are few occasions when my students can’t understand what I teach in class.3.when和where 在少數情況下可作介詞賓語。

1).The naughty boy was hidden behind the door , from where he saw his mother walking into the house.（where 指代behind the door。不能換為which，因為which只能指代the door）

2).They went to American three years ago，since when they have lived there.(when指代three years ago。不能換為which，因為which只能指代three years =and since then)(二)

that在有些句型中可視為關系副詞：

way后面的定語從句常用that或in which引導 , 但可省略。

I don’t like the way(that / in which)you speak to your parents.The way(in which / that)he worked on the problem was wrong.[注]： 如果way在從句中作主語或賓語, 應該用關系代詞which / that。

He explained the problem in a way that / which everyone could accept.2.It is(about , high)time that …

(正)是 …… 的時候了。

that從句中常用一般過去時, that在口語中可省略。It was high time that we stopped pollution.It is time that you had lunch now.比較There was a time when(during which)we were short of oil.3.This is the first(second ,… last)time that …

(從句中常用完成時態)

This is / will be the last time that I have come to China.It was the first time that he had been invited to China.第四部分：定語從句有關要注意的問題

(一)關系代詞作主語時,要注意從句中謂語動詞的單復數。.先行詞只有one of 修飾時 , 從句謂語用復數。

He is one of the students in our class who have been to Hainan.This is one of the best books that were written by the writer.2.one of 前有the，the only，the very，the first時 , 從句謂語用單數。

Tom is the only / very one of the boys who knows the truth.(二)

定語從句的隔離現象：

定語從句和先行詞之間有時會被狀語, 定語或者其他成分隔開, 要注意找準先行詞。

The film brought the hours back to me when I was taken good care of in that village.Is there a restaurant around where we can have lunch ?

(around adv.在周圍)The days are gone when we used foreign oil.(主句謂語較短, 隔開先行詞與定語從句)2.定語從句中關系代詞和關系副詞的后面有時會出現插入語。

1)

He is the man who I think is fit for the job.2)

---Is that the small town you often refer to ?

---Right , just the one where you know I used to work for years.(三)

定語從句中有時會使用倒裝語序：

Three days later , we found an old house , in front of which stood a big tree.Finally they climbed up the mountain , above which appeared a beautiful rainbow.(四)

注意區別定語從句和其他從句：.區別where引導的定語從句和地點狀語從句。(最明顯的區別是定語從句一定有先行詞)After the war , a new school was put up where there had once been a theatre.(狀語從句)A new school was put up at the place where there had once been a theatre.(定語從句)2.區別“介詞+which”的定語從句和“介詞+what”的賓語從句。

1)This is the company in which he worked three years ago.(which 引導定語從句)2)A modern city has been set up in what was a wasteland ten years ago.(what賓語從句)3.區別that的定語從句和同位語從句。

The news that he won the match made us excited.(同位語從句)The news(that)he told us made us very excited.(定語從句)

【注】：同位語從句中that不作句子成分, 但不能省略，去掉that從句仍然完整。定語從句中that是關系代詞，可作主語或賓語，作賓語時可省略。

訓練題

1.Robert went to Shanghai in his twenties _________ several years later, he became a company director.A.when

B.where

C.which

D.who 2.The kind-hearted couple decided to adopt the boy ________ parents had been killed in an accident.A.whose

B.who

C.with whom

D.his 3.Last week our school put on an English play _____ Jim acted an important part.A.which

B.when

C.where

D.what 4.The boss, _____company Ms.King worked ten years ago, looked down upon women.A.in which

B.in that

C.in whose

D.whose 5.Hangzhou, _______ we paid a visit last spring, is one of the most beautiful cities in China.A.which

B.where

C.to there

D.from which 6.Many people like to chat online, _______, as most of them think, they can express themselves freely.A.which

B.there

C.that

D.where 7.This is an important subject ______ we might argue for a long time.A.about it

B.with which

C.about which

D.with it 8.These old pictures bring to their mind the college days ______ they spent together, ____ life was hard but happy.A.which;when

B.when;which

C.which;which

D.when;when

9.The reason _______ he gave for his second visit to the city was simply ______ he admired the sights here so much.A.why;that

B.why;why

C.which;that

D.which;why 10.A new type of car is on sale on the market, _____ makes it attractive to young people.A.its low price

B.what low price C.the low price of which

D.the low price of it 11.It is in the factory _______ you're going to pay a visit to ______ this kind of computer is made.A./;that

B.where;that

C./;where

D.that;which 12.We are in a difficult situation ________ we don't develop new products, we will end up closing our doors.A.if

B.where

C.if where

D.where if 13.Mr.Wilson has been to many cities in China, ______he thinks, Shanghai has impressed him most.A.with which

B.in which

C.of which

D.on which 14.You can hardly imagine the rate ________ his car has been running on the freeway.A.with which

B.to which

C.at which

D.for which 15.Sometimes our success depends on ______ we are lucky or not and sometimes it depends on the manner ______we conduct our life.A.whether;of which B.whether;in which C.that;by which D.that;for which 16.It's dangerous for you to use a kind of medicine ____________.A.that you are allergic to

B.that is allergic to you

C.which is allergic for you

D.which you are allergic for 17.Such people ________ were invited to the party showed no special interest in the soup he specially made for them, _______ made him upset.A.who;that

B.as;that

C.who;which

D.as;which 18.I often think of the hours _____ I stayed with you, ____ have a great effect on my life.A./;which

B.which;who

C.which;that

D.when;which 19.I shall never forget those days _______ I lived in the city with the workers, ______ has had a great effect on my life.A.which;that

B.which;which

C.when;which

D.when;who 20.This is one of the most exciting football games ________ I have ever seen.A.where

B.that

C.what

D.which 21.We were deeply impressed by the teachers and the schools _____ we had visited there.A.which

B.whom

C.who

D.that 22.The girl _____ we met yesterday is a film star, _____ played the leading role in the film _____we saw last time.A.when;who;which

B.that;that;/

C./;who;/

D.that;that;that 23.It is the second school _______ I used to work at, many teachers of ______ still have a good relation with me.A.which;that

B.where;that

C.that;that

D.that;which 24._______ was known to them, the manager had broken his promise _______ he would give them a rise.A.As;what

B.It;that

C.It;what

D.As;that 25.When you visit his family, you may chat for an hour or so, ________ not even a cup of coffee or a glass of water is offered.A.by this time

B.by which time

C.during this time

D.during which time 26.There are some cases _______ students obviously know the school rules but don't obey them.A.why

B.where

C.as

D.which 27.The expert offered us another piece of advice, _______ of great help to our program.A.I think it is

B.I think which is

C.which I think it is D.which I think is 28.He hid in a nearby palm tree, ______ he could see the patrols searching for him.A.from where

B.from which

C.there

D.which 29.A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked, “Is there a hospital around ______ I can get some medicine for my wounded hand?”

A.that

B.which

C.where

D.what 30.They lost their way in the forest, and _______ made matters worse was that night began to fall.A.it

B.which

C.that

D.what

31._______ medicine works in a human body is a question _______ not everyone can understand fully.A.How;that

B.That;which

C.That;which

D.What;that 32 Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment , _____ I will always

treasure.A.that

B.it

C.one

D.what 33.The book was written in 1946 , ______ the education system has witnessed great changes.A.when

B.during which

C.since then

D.since when 34.Is this hotel_______he stayed last year ?

A.the one

B.that

C.where

D.which 35.Is this the hotel_______he stayed last year ?

A.the one

B.that

C.where

D.which 36..Is it in the hotel_______he stayed last year ?

A.the one

B.that

C.where

D.which 37.Is this hotel_______he complained about?

A.the one

B.that

C.where

D.which

The days are gone

physical strength was all you needed to make a living.A when

B that

C where

D which 39 Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, ______ the audience can buy ice-cream.A when

B where

C that

D which 40 Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, ______ of course, made all the others upset.A who

B which

C what

D that

定語從句訓練題解析

1.【解析】答案為B。where引導的是定語從句，修飾的是Shanghai。句意：Robert二十幾歲時去了上海，在那里幾年后，他成了一個公司主管。

2.【解析】答案為A。whose 引導定語從句，修飾先行詞the boy。句意：那對好心的夫婦決定收養那個父母在事故中死亡的孩子。

3.【解析】答案為C。本題考查定語從句。act a part in a play在戲劇中扮演角色。該句中play為先行詞，介詞in后需用which來引導定語從句，而in which相當于where.4.【解析】答案為C。whose company Ms.King worked in是一個定語從句，修飾boss。本句中介詞in提到關系代詞前。

5.【解析】答案為B。pay a visit to...參觀 / 游覽（某地），where we paid a visit last spring是非限制性定語從句，補充說明Hangzhou的情況，其中，where相當于to which。

6【解析】答案為D。where引導定語從句，修飾先行詞online；where在從句中作地點狀語，意思是“在網絡上”。as most of them think作插入語。7.【解析】答案為C。argue(with sb.)about / over sth.關于某事與某人爭吵。本句為包含定語從句的主從復合句，介詞about提到了關系代詞前。

8【解析】答案為A。which引導定語從句修飾days，因為從句中spent是及物動詞，所以選which作賓語。when也引導定語從句，修飾days，因為句子結構完整，所以when在句中作時間狀語。

9.【解析】答案為C。which在定語從句中作gave的賓語;第二空的that引導表語從句。

10.【解析】答案為C。該句是由which引導的非限定性定語從句，which代替先行詞a new type of car，C選項相當于whose low price。

11【解析】答案為A。第一空考查定語從句的引導詞，先行詞是物，可用that或which,因為在從句作to 的賓語，that和which可省略；第二空為強調句的引導詞，只能用that。

12【解析】答案為D。定語從句的先行詞為situation，表示抽象地點，所以從句要用關系副詞where來引導；定語從句中又包含有一個狀語從句，因此選D。13【解析】答案為C。根據句子結構可看出是對定語從句的考查，which指代先行詞cities，of which表示范圍，“在去過的城市中”。

14【解析】答案為C。“介詞 + 關系代詞”引導定語從句，at which中的which指代前面的rate，它前面一般加介詞at表示“以……速度”。

15【解析】答案為B。第一空構成whether...or not 結構，表示“是否……”；第二空缺定語從句的引導詞，該定語從句的先行詞是表示方式的manner，而表示“以某種方式”用in a manner，所以第二空應用in which。16.【解析】答案為A。be allergic to sth.(某人)對……過敏,medicine為先行詞,關系代詞可用that或which。

17【解析】答案為D。此題考查such(...)as結構，這里as引導定語從句，as在從句中作主語；which引導非限制性定語從句。

18.【解析】答案為D。______ I stayed with you是定語從句，修飾先行詞the hours，關系代詞在定語從句中作時間狀語，因此用when。由于第二空引導的是非限制性定語從句，所以用which，指代前面整個主句。

19.【解析】答案為C。第一空用when引導定語從句，在句中作狀語，先行詞為those days；第二空用which引導非限制性定語從句，指代those days when I

lived...workers。

20.【解析】答案為B。當先行詞有最高級修飾時，引導定語從句的關系代詞只能用that，不能用which。

21【解析】答案為D。the teachers and the schools是先行詞,包含人和物，用that引導。

22.【解析】答案為C。考查引導非限制性定語從句的關系詞不能用that；關系詞在從句中作賓語時可以省略。

23【解析】答案為D。第一空填that，是因為先行詞用序數詞修飾；第二空填which，考查“介詞 + which”引導定語從句的用法。

24【解析】答案為D。本句話的意思為：正如大家所知道的，經理違背了他說要給他們加工資的諾言。第一空填as，用來引導非限制性定語從句，as用來代替后一句話的意思；第二個空后的句子用來說明promise的具體內容，起補充說明的作用，是同位語從句，從句中不缺少成分，故選that。25【解析】答案為D。先行詞為an hour or so。本句中during which time引導非限制性定語從句，意為“在此一小時左右的時間內”。

26【解析】答案為 B。situation, case和point作先行詞，后跟定語從句時，若這幾個詞在從句中作狀語，則定語從句常用where引導。

27【解析】答案為D。I think在從句中作插入語，which是定語從句的主語。28【解析】答案為 A。本題考查from where引導的定語從句，此處from where相當于from in a nearby palm tree。句意為：他藏在附近的一顆棕櫚樹里，從那里可以看到搜查他的巡邏隊。

29【解析】答案為C。句中的 around 不是介詞，而是副詞，意為“在附近”；其后的 where 引導定語從句用以修飾其前的地點名詞 hospital，句意為：附

近有沒有一家醫院，我可以去治我的手傷？

30【解析】答案為D。what made matters worse 是主語從句(注意其后有謂語動詞was)，相當于 the thing that made matters worse。

31【解析】答案為A.。how引導主語從句，that引導同位語從句

32【解析】答案為C。此時，one 是分句的先行詞，同時one 是 moment 的同位語

33【解析】答案為.D。此時when 相當于 in 1946 , 最簡單的說法就是 and since then , and since the / this that = which 34【解析】答案為C。where引導表語從句，并非定語從句；如原句在hotel前加the，則為定語從句；A項改為the one where也正確，可理解為where引導的定語從句修飾the one。

35【解析】答案為C。where引導的定語從句修飾the hotel，并在從句中作地點狀語。

36【解析】答案為B。此句為強調句。

37【解析】答案為A。the one 為表語，其后的定語從句省略了引導詞that或which。38【解析】答案為A。橫線是定語從句，修飾先行詞days，而先行詞days的含義在從句中作時間狀語，所以選擇when。

39【解析】答案為A。Interval意為間隔，休息時間。是表示時間的名詞，作先行詞，它的含義在從句中作狀語，即：the audience can buy ice-cream(in the interval).所以選擇A when.40【解析】答案為B。插入語of course，把它去掉之后，不難看出是考查which引導非限制性定語從句，which代替整個主句，所以選B which。

第二篇：定語從句講解及練習

定語從句講解及練習

一、定義：在復合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。如：1)The man who lives next to us is a policeman.2)You must do everything that I do.上面兩句中的man和everything是定語從句所修飾的詞，叫先行詞，定語從句放在先行詞的后面。* 引導定語從句的詞有關系代詞that, which, who(賓格whom, 所有格whose)和關系副詞where, when、why * 關系詞常有三個作用：

1、引導定語從句

2、代替先行詞

3、在定語從句中擔當一個成分

二、關系代詞引導的定語從句 * 1.who指人，在從句中做主語(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.(2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.* 2.whom指人，在定語從句中充當賓語，常可省略。(1)Mr.Liu is the person(whom)you talked about.注意：關系代詞whom在口語和非正式語體中常用who代替，可省略。(2)The man(who/whom)you met just now is my friend.* 3.which指物，在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時可省略(1)Football is a game which is liked by most boys.(which 在句子中做主語)(2)This is the pen(which)he bought yesterday.(which 在句子中做賓語)* 4.that指人時，相當于who或者whom；指物時，相當于which，在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時可省略。(1)The people that/who come to visit the city are all here.(在句子中做主語)(2)Where is the man（that/whom）I saw this morning?(在句子中做賓語)* 5.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定語從句中做定語(1)He has a friend whose father is a doctor.(2)I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.whose指物時，常用以下結構來代替(3)The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.(4)Do you like the book whose color is yellow? =Do you like the book the color of which is yellow? * 具體使用時還要注意下列問題：

1、只能使用that,不用which 的情況：

* 1）當先行詞是：all , any , anything , everything , nothing或被它們修飾

時。Is there anything that I can do for you ? 有什么可以為你做的嗎？

All that can be done must be done.凡是能做的都必須做。* 2）當先行詞被形容詞的最高級或序數詞修飾時。例如： That is one of the most interesting books that are sold in the bookshop.那是這家書店出售的最有趣的書之一。

The first thing that we should do is to get some food.我們該做的第一件事是弄點吃的。

* 3）當先行詞有：the only , the very , the same , the last 等修飾時。例如： My necklace is not the only thing that's missing.我的項鏈不僅是丟掉的東西。* 4）當主句以who或which開頭時，定語從句中引導詞用that ,不用which 或 who，以避免重復。例如： Who is the girl that is wearing a red coat ? 正穿一件紅色外套的女孩子是誰？ * 5）當先行詞既有人又有物時，用that。例如： The writer and his novel that you have just talked about are really well known.你剛才談起的那位作家以及他的小說確實很著名。

2、只用which不用that的情況： * 1)關系代詞前有介詞時； e.g.This is the room in which Lu Xun lived.* 2)非限定性定語從句中；作賓語用的關系代詞也不能省略。e.g.That necklace, which you gave me as a present, was lost yesterday.He has a daughter, who works in a hospital.* 3)先行詞本身是that時；

e.g.The clock is that which tells the time 非限定性定語從句的作用是對所修飾的成分作進一步說明，通常是引導詞和先行詞之間用逗號隔開，將從句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立。Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.查理史密斯去年退休了，他曾經是我的老師。（非限)There is somebody here who wants to speak to you這里有人要和你說話(限制性)* 4)which還有一種特殊用法，它可以引導從句修飾前面的整個主句，代替主句所表示的整體概念或部分概念。在這種從句中，which可以作主語，也可以作賓語或表語，多數情況下意思是與and this 相似，并可以指人。

He did very well in the competition, which made his parents very happy.* 關系代詞 whom，which 在定語從句中作介詞賓語時，可以和介詞一起放于先行詞與定語從句之間，有時為了關系緊湊也可以將 whom 與 which 與先行詞緊挨著書寫，的工廠。(引導詞that作定語從句“(that)they visited last month”的賓語，that可以省略)

* 注意：不要以為在時間名詞后就一定用關系副詞when，在地點名詞后就一定用關系而將介詞置于定語從句的后面，That was the room in which we had lived for ten years.= That was the room which we had lived in for ten years.* 像listen to, look at, take care of等固定短語動詞，在定語從句中一般不宜將介詞與動詞分開。例如：This is the boy whom she has taken care of.三、關系副詞引導的定語從句

*

1、when：當主句中的先行詞(即主句中被后面定語從句修飾的詞)是表示時間意義的名詞時，它只能作定語從句的時間狀語，放在定語從句句首。如果定語從句的引導詞是作該定語從句的主語或賓語，則要改用關系代詞that或which來引導。例如：

I’ll never forget the time when we worked on the farm.He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.The days when we used foreign oil are gone.我們用洋油的日子一去不復返了。I'll never forget the day when I was born.(=I'll never forget my birthday.)我永遠不會忘記我出生的日子。

It happened in November when the weather was wet and cold.這事發生在天氣又濕又冷的十一月。

The day(that)I always remember in all my life is my birthday.我一生中最難忘的日子是我的生日。(that作定語從句“that I always remember in all my life”的賓語，that可以省略)*

2、where：當主句中的先行詞是表示地點意義的名詞時，它只能作其所在的定語從句的地點狀語，放在定語從句的句首。如果定語從句的引導詞作該定語從句的主語或賓語時，也要改用關系代詞that或which來引導。例如：

The factory where his father works is in the east of the city This is the room where(＝in which)I lived last year.這就是我去年住過的房間。

Is this the classroom where(=in which)the old worker is going to make/give us a report? 這就是那位老工人要給我們做報告的教室嗎？

Let's look for a place where we can swim.咱們找一個可以游泳的地方吧。The building that is being built over there will be a new hospital.正在那邊建的樓房將是一家新醫院。(引導詞that作定語從句“that is being built over there”的主語)That is the factory(that)they visited last month.那就是他們上個月參觀過

副詞 where，在表示原因的the reason后就一定用關系副詞why。到底選用關系副詞還是關系代詞，關鍵是看它們在從句中是用作狀語(用關系副詞)還是用作主語或賓語(用關系代詞)。

如：Don’t forget the time(that)I’ve told you.不要忘記我告訴你的時間。(that用作told的賓語)

I’ll never forget the days when I worked with you.我永遠不會忘記我與你共事的日子。(when用作狀語)

He works in a factory that /which makes radio parts.他在一家制造無線電零件的工廠工作。(that/ which 在從句中用作主語，且不能省略)

He works in the factory where his father worked.他在他父親工作過的那家工廠工作。(where作狀語)

That’s the reason(that /which)he explained to us.那就是他向我們解釋的理由。(that或which在從句中用作explained的賓語)

That’s the reason why she left home.那就是她離家出走的原因。(why在從句中作狀語)

* 英語中的關系副詞主要是 when, where, why三個，不要想當然地將how用作關系副詞修飾the way。

如不說 This is the way how he spoke，可改為 This is how he spoke(how引導的是表語從句)，當然也可說成 This is the way(that/ in which)he spoke.(其中的that/ in which可省略)

* 另外，when和where可引導限制性和非限制性定語從句，而why則只用于引導限制性定語從句，不用于引導非限制性定語從句。

Sunday is a holiday , when people do not go to work.星期天是假日，（這天）人們不上班。

He took us into the classroom , where there were only a few students.他把我們帶進教室，那兒只有少數幾個學生。

* 在定語從句的使用中，one of后面的名詞是復數，這個復數名詞制約后面的定語從句的謂語動詞，用復數； 而在one of 前面有the或 the only時，后面引導的定語從句中的謂語動詞則用單數形式。

He is the only one of the students who is elected?

Jasper is one of those people who know about the accident.定 語 從 句 練習

一、用關系代詞填空：that、which、who、whom、whose 1.This is the man ________ wants to see you.2.The student ___________ answered the question is Zhang Hua.3.The man __________ you went to see has come.4.The man ___________I met yesterday lent me some money.5.The woman _______________ you saw is our geography teacher.6.The runner ________________ you are asking about is over there.7.The person ______________ you should write to is Mr.Ball.8.The man ___________was passing by saw what happened.9.Here is the pen _________ you lost the day before yesterday.10.These books _____________ you lent me were very useful.11.The storybook ____________ I have just read cannot be easily forgotten.12.A clock is a machine ______ tells people the time.13.This is shirt _______________I bought yesterday.14.A dictionary is a book _____________ gives the meaning to the word.15.The book ____________ is on the table is mine.16.The film ____________ they are talking about is very interesting.17.I will never forget the people and the places _____ I have ever visited.18.Is there anyone ____________ family is in Beijing? 19.Show me the boy ______________ mother is a well-known singer.20.The boy______ father is a teacher is good at English.二、單項選擇

()1.Your teacher of Chinese is a young lady____ comes from Beijing.A.who B.which C.whom D.whose()2.What’s the name of the program________.A.which are listening B.you are listening to C.to that you are listening D.that you are listening()3.The students were all interested ____ you told them yesterday.A.in which B.in that this C.all that D.in everything()4.He was the only person in his office______ was invited.A.whom B.whose C.that D.which()5.This is the museum______ we visited last year.A.where B.in which C.which D.in that()6.Charlie told his mother all____ had happened.A.that B.what C.which D.who()7.Do you know the student_____? A.whom I often talk B.with who I often talk

C.I often talk with D.that I often talk()8.I like the house_____ windows face south.A.whose B.who’s

C.it's D.its()9.Would you tell me where to get the dictionary _____?

A.what I need B.I need C.which I need it D.that I need it()10.The young woman_____ I spoke just now is a young doctor.A.who B.to whom C.whom D.that（）

11、Is this the factory __________ you visited the other day?

A.that

B.where

C.in which

D.the one（）

12、Is this factory __________ some foreign friends visited last Friday?

A.that

B.where

C.which

D.the one（）

13、Is this the factory __________ he worked ten years ago?

A.that

B.where

C.which

D.the one（）

14、Mr.Herpin is one of the foreign experts who ______ in China.A.works B.is working C.are working D.has been working（）

15、Those __________ not only from books but also through practice will succeed.A.learn

B.who

C.that learns D.who learn（）

16、We’re talking about the piano and the pianist __________ were in the concert we attended last night.A.which

B.whom

C.who

D.that

（）

17、He failed in the examination, __________ made his father very angry.A.which

B.it

C.that

D.what

第三篇：定語從句講解和練習

定 語 從 句

在復合句中作定語，修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。它的作用相當于形容詞, 用來修飾主句中的某一個名詞或代詞或整個主句，所以也稱之為形容詞性從句。引導定語從句的詞叫關系詞, 關系詞除起連接作用外還在句中擔當一定的句子成分.被定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞。根據關系詞在從句中充當成分的不同,關系詞可分為

關系代詞: who, whom(people), which(things), that, whose 關系副詞: when, where, why。

Who 指人, 在從句中作主語

e.g.Your friend who studies in the college came to see you yesterday.This is the man who helped me.Whom 指人, 在從句中作動詞或介詞的賓語 e.g.The man whom you want to see has come.The doctor whom you are looking for is in the room.注：whom 通常被省略或用who/that 替換。常用于非限制性定于從句。Which 指物, 在從句中作主語,賓語，Which 在作賓語時可省略。e.g.Here is the book which tells about grammar.I have found the car which you lost yesterday.有時候，定語從句指的不是它前面的名詞，而是整個句子 e.g.He showed me a photo which upset me.He tore up my photo, which upset me.正確使用關系代詞, a.關系代詞前要有名詞(代詞)b.關系代詞在所引導的定語從句中要充當主語,賓語 c.否則,關系代詞前要接介詞, 該介詞可移至句尾.e.g.He is a man whom I enjoy working with.Whom 前有名詞, whom是賓格, 在從句中作賓語。Enjoy 後的動名詞working是由不及物 動詞轉化Whom 不能直接作賓語, 所以要加介詞。e.g.He is a man for/ with whom I enjoy working.For 可移至句尾：e.g.He is a man whom I enjoy working with/ for.Whom/ which 作介詞后作賓語時不能省略.限定性定語從句與非限定性定語從句

非限定性定語從句用于對主句先行詞的補充說明，沒有它不影響主句意思的完整，常用逗號把主句和從句分開。從句中作賓語的關系代詞不能省略。

e.g.We were given a lovely double room, which had a sea view.I, who am blind, advise you to use your eyes well.專有名詞, 如: John, Peter, Beijing 獨一性名詞, 如: my father/mother, my school 被定語從句修飾時, 由于本身具有特殊性,不需被定語從句加以限定。e.g.I like John, who works hard.I like my school, which is famous.限定性定語從句用于對主句先行詞加以限制或分類，是句中不可缺少的組成部分，主句和從句之間不能用逗號分開。

普通名詞不具有特殊性,定語從句為先行詞不可缺少的定語,省

去了則主句的意思就會不完整.從句前不可加逗號.e.g.I like the boy who studies hard.Is this the book which you were looking for.作關系代詞的 that 的用法: that 可以代替who, whom, which, 可指人,物，在從句中作主語, 賓語, 表語。e.g.Who is the man that is reading the newspaper.He is the man(whom/ that)I can trust.The letter(that /which)I received was from my father.注：作表語表身份時只能用that: e.g.He is not the man(who ×)that he was ten years ago.He is not the happy boy that he used to be.The teacher that you are should know how to teach grammar.在限制性定于從句中，用that替換其他關系代詞who, whom, which 應注意: 1.其前不可置介詞

2.其前不可有逗點(不可用于非限定性定語從句)e.g.The earth on which we live is a big ball.The earth that / which we live on is a big ball.由that 引導的定語從句

1.先行詞為不定代詞：all/ both/ neither/ none/ either/ each/ other/ others/ another/ much/ many/ few/ little/ one/ some/ anything/ nothing/everything等 e.g.All that we can do is to believe her.Is there anything that I can do for you.Much you have read is nonsense.2.先行詞被形容詞最高級, 序數詞, 修飾時

e.g.The first lesson that he gave was interesting.It is the most beautiful park that I have ever been to.This is the best that can be done now.3.先行詞被不定代詞all, every, no, some, any, little, few, much, each等, 和the only, the very, the same, the last修飾時 e.g.This is the very dictionary that I want.The only thing that we could do was to wait.You may borrow any book that interest you.I have read all the books(that)you gave me.4.先行詞為數詞時

e.g.I caught two fish yesterday.Now you can see the two that are still alive.5.先行詞既有人又有物

e.g.The writer and his novel that you have just talked about are well known.6.如果有兩個定語從句, 應避免重復

e.g.The student that was punished is the monitor who studies hard.He built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.7.當句中已有who/ which時,定語從句要用that 而不用who(m)/ which e.g.Who is the person that is standing at the gate.Who is the man that is reading the newspaper? Which of us that knows something about physics does not know this.Of whom/which, etc.名詞和不定代詞(some, any, none, all, both, several, enough, many and few)可以和 of whom/ of which 連用

e.g.It’s a family of eight children, all of whom are studying music.He has written a book, the name of which I have forgotten.We’ve tested these boots, none of which is completely waterproof.這種結構也可以和表數量（quantity）和最高級（the superlatives）連用 e.g.a number of whom/three of which/half of which The majority of whom/the youngest of whom Of whom/which 在從句中作主語時，有以下兩種結構

e.g.Do you see the house the windows of which are all broken?(of which the windows)The eighty passengers, ten of whom were British, all escaped.(of whom ten)

定語從句和不定式

介詞 + 關系代詞 可以和不定式連用

e.g.We moved to the country so the children would have a garden in which to play.沒有介詞，不能用這種結構 I can’t think of anybody whom to invite.即使有介詞，這種結構也非常正式和不常見的，我們常用更簡單的結構。(?a garden to play in;?neighbours to quarrel with).Which as determiner 有時用抽象名詞(case, point, reason, situation, time等)來總結主句的內容時，which 可以用作限定詞，構成‘介詞+which+抽象名詞’ 構成定語從句。可以和名詞連用的這種結構很正式，常用在介詞之后，對所提的事進行不從說明。

e.g.He may be late, in which case we ought to wait for him.He lost his temper, at which point I decided to go home.Ten years of hard work changed her greatly, for which reason he could hardly recognize her at first sight.It rained all night, during which time the ship broke in pieces.Whose 為關系代詞所有格, 由his/ her/ their/ my/ your/ its 等所有格變化而成.在引導的定語從句中作定語,可指人/物

e.g.This is John, whose father is a teacher.People whose home are in town want to live in the country.使用whose時要遵守下列原則

1.whose之前要有名詞

2.whose之后的名詞在從句中要做主語,賓語 3.否則, whose 之前要有介詞,介詞可移至句尾 e.g.I like John, whose father I don’t like.I like John, whose brother I want to make friends with.可用 the...of which/ of which...the 替換

e.g.I don’t like the building whose roof is blue.I don’t like the building the roof of which is blue.I don’t like the building of which the roof is blue.Of which除可以表示所屬關系外，還可用來表示整體和部分的關系，而whose 不能。e.g.He borrowed a book of which the author was a peasant.The Chinese team got 16 gold medals, of which 12 were won by women.What 關系代詞 that 指代其前面的名詞，重復其語義.what 不是重復前面名詞，而是包括名詞的語義what = the things that?

e.g.I gave her just the money she needed.I gave her just what she needed.The thing that I’d like is a digital watch.What I’d like is a digital watch.As 關系代詞,常用在 the same...as/ such...as/ as...as 句型中 The same...as e.g.(主)He is the same person as come here yesterday.(賓)I have the same book as he is reading.(表)He is not the same man as he used to be.Such...as e.g.He is not such a man as will tell a lie.He is not such a bad man as you just talked about.Such a good student as he is will succeed.As...as e.g.He has as much money as is required.I have as many books as you(do).He is as good a student as Mary(is).Such...as引導定語從句/such...that結果狀語從句

e.g.They talked in such simple English as children could understand.They talked in such simple English that children could understand it.I will provide you with such things as you may need.He shut the window with such a force that the glass broke.The same...as 兩物相似/the same...that描述的是同一物 e.g.This is the same bag as I lost yesterday.This is the same bag that I lost yesterday.As引導非限定性定語從句，代表主句或主句的一部分所表達的意思（通常不能指代某個名詞或代詞），可以放在主句前、后或中間，在從句中作主語、賓語或表語，表示 ‘正如.../ 正像...’ A主語

e.g.As be said(announced, reported, known, seen, mentioned)As was reported on TV, the plane crashed.B賓語 e.g.As we know/as we all can see...C表語 e.g.As he is, he seems clever.which 引導非限定性定語從句一般不能放在主句前，而as 引導非限定性定語從句可放在句未，也可放在句中、句首。在句首時不能用which 替換。e.g.Crusoe lost his dog, which made him very sad Taiwan is part of China, as/which is known to all.As we have seen, oceans cover more than 70 percent of the earth.3.as引導非限定性定語從句時，意為“這一點、這件事”，常與 see，hope，expect，know，guess等動詞搭配；which引導非限定性定語從句與主句有一種因果關系，可譯為“所以??”。e.g.Cyprus, as you all know, is in the Mediterranean.Bamboo is hollow, which makes it very light.非限定性定語從句中，謂語動詞是連系動詞時，可以用as/which作主語。如果從句謂語動詞 是行為動詞，則必須用which。

e.g.He married her, as was natural.She refused to take the medicine, which made her mother angry.It rained hard yesterday, which prevented her from going to Shenyang.He is absent, as is often the case.But 的用法

But本身具有否定意義，相當于who/which/that...not But的先行詞往往是否定意義的代詞或名詞詞組，用雙重否定表強烈肯定 But的這一用法常見于在從句中作主語

There is no one but knows about this affair.(who doesn’t know about)There are few dictionaries but have a misprint or two.(that don’t have)

Than 的用法

用作關系代詞時，可在從句中作主語，其后直接接謂語。Don’t give him more money than is necessary.He smoked fewer cigarettes than were available.先行詞被比較級修飾,用關系代詞than連接 He did more than was required.The room is much bigger than suited my purpose.沒有明確的先行詞，有時把than看作連詞，其后省略了it。但實際使用中，than后從來不補上it，因為than本身在從句中可用作主語。

定 語 從 句 練習

用適當的詞填空

1.He is the teacher usually helps us out.2.Who’s the teacher is in a red dress? 3.He is the teacher daughter won the first prize yesterday.4.I’ll tell you all he told me last month.5.I’ll tell you he told me last month.6.He talked a lot about things and persons ________they remembered in the school.7.I have bought such a watch _______ was advertised on TV.8.There are 2,000 workers here, two thirds of are women.9.we know now, bats come out only at night.10.Crousoe’s dog became ill and died, made him very lonely.單句改錯

1.This is one of the best books which have ever been written.2.She is the girl whom I guess is a good student.3.This is the mountain which the top is always covered with snow.4.All is needed is a supply of oil.5.This is the new type of plane which parts are made in China.6.They talked about the people and things which they saw on their way to school.7.Is this museum the one which you visited last Saturday? 8.The boy with who John spoke is my brother.9.Will you please lend me the very book which you bought yesterday? 10.He lived in London for 3 years, during that time he learned some English.單項填空

1.The place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace.A.Which B.Where C.What D./ 2.Do you know the man _______? A.whom I spoke B.to who spoke C.I spoke to D.that I spoke 3.I have two grammars, ______are of great use.A.all of which B.either of which C.both of that D.both of which 4.He is working hard, ______will make him pass the final exam.A.that B.which C.for which D.who 5.That is the day ______I'll never forget.A.which B.on which C.in which D.when 6.The thief handed everything he had stolen to the police.A.which B.what C.whatever D.that 7.I want to use the same tools _______used in your factory a few days ago.A.as was B.which was C.as were D.which 8.This is one of the best films _______.A.that have been shown this year B.that have shown C.that has been shown this year D.that you talked 9.Can you lend me the book ______the other day? A.about which you talked B.which you talked C.about that you talked D.that you talked 10.The pen ______he is writing is mine.A.with which B.in which C.on which D.by which 11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of ______sat a small boy.A.whom B.who C.which D.that 12.--Why does she always ask you for help?--There is no one else , is there? A.who to turn to B.she can turn to C.for whom to turn D.for her to turn 13.It there anyone in your class ______family is in the country? A.who B.who's C.which D.whose 14.I'm interested in ______you have said.A.all that B.all what C.that D.which 15.I want to use the same dictionary ______was used yesterday.A.which B.who C.what D.as 16.He isn't such a man ______he used to be.A.who B.whom C.that D.as 17.The way ______he looks at problems is wrong.A.which B.whose C.what D./ 18.Li Ming, ______to the concert enjoyed it very much.A.I went with B.with whom I went C.with who I went D.I went with him 19.I lost a book, ______I can't remember now.A.whose title B.its title C.the title of it D.the title of that 20.You're the only person ______I've ever met ______could do it.A.who;/ B./;whom C.whom;/ D./;who

參考答案及解析

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第四篇：定語從句講解及練習

定語從句用法小結

概念: 在復合句中，修飾一個名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句；被定語從句所修飾的詞叫先行詞；定語從句必須放在先行詞之后；引導定語從句的詞叫關聯詞。如：

關聯詞: 關系代詞that，which，who，whom，whose和關系副詞where，when，why等。關系代詞和關系副詞在定語從句中都充當一定的句法成份。關系代詞在從句中充當動詞的賓語時一般可以省略。

關系代詞的選用比較復雜，受下列條件的制約：

(1)要看先行詞是指人還是指物，(2)要看關系代詞在從句中句法功能，(3)要看定語從句是限定性的還是非限定性的。

在定語從句中充當的成分

指人

指物

指人或指物

主語 who

which

that 賓語 whom which

that 謂語 whose whose(of which)

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that 只能用在限定性定語從句中，而who, whom, which既可用于限定性定語從句中，也可用于非限定性定語從句。

I know that he is a man who means what he says.I know that he is a man that means what he says.我知道他是一個守信用的人。

The gentleman whom she met addressed her with courtesy.The gentleman that she met addressed her with courtesy.她遇到的那位先生很有禮貌地向

她打了招呼。

The watch which was lost has been found.The watch that was lost has been found.丟了的表找到了。

Here is the material that you need.Here is the material you need.你要的材料在這兒了。

You are the only one whose advice he might listen to.他也就是聽你的話吧。

※

關系副詞的選用: 如果先行詞是表示時間的名詞，如time, day 等，則用when, 如先行詞為表示地點的名詞，如place, house, area 等等，則選用where。如果先行詞為reason 則選用why

I will never forget the mountain village where I spent my childhood.I will never forget the mountain village in which I spent my childhood.我永遠也不會忘記我度過童年的那個小山村。

I don’t know the reason why he did that.I don’t know the reason for which he did that.我不知道他為什么這么做。

※

當先行詞是all, something, nothing 等不定代詞時，或者先行詞的前面有first, last, few 1 only, , much, some, any, no 等詞修飾時，或者先行詞的前面有最高級修飾時，一般只用that 而不用which 來引導定語從句：

I have explained everything that I can to you.我已經盡一切可能把事情向你解釋得一清二楚。

That’s all that I know.我知道的就是這些。

Can you tell me something that you know? 你能把你知道的一些情況告訴我嗎？ There is nothing that I cannot tell you.我沒有什么不能告訴你的事情。

The first thing that we should do is to work out a plan.我們應該做的頭一件事就是訂一個計劃。

The last place that we visited was the farm.我們最后參觀的地方是農場。

※

還有一種定語從句，它的結構是：the same … as… , such … as

這里的as 可以指人或物，且引導的是限定性定語從句：

Such furniture as is very popular is expensive.一種很受歡迎的家具價錢昂貴。

We have successfully done the same experiment as you did.你做過的那個試驗我們已經成功地做完了。

It wasn’t such a computer as the advertisement had promised.這種電腦可不是廣告中說的那種電腦。

※

限定性定語從句與主句關系密切，為句中不可缺少的部分，如去掉，則主句意思不完整。而非限定性定語從句與主句關系松散，如果去掉了，主句內容仍然完整。在書面語中非限定性定語從句一般用逗號隔開。非限定性定語從句一般不用that 引導。引導非限定性定語從句的關系詞不可省略。

His speech, which bored everyone, went on and on.他的講話沒完沒了，真讓人煩。

The general’s daughter, whose name is Jane, gave me a sweet smile.將軍的女兒名叫珍妮。她沖我笑了笑，笑得好甜啊。

※

非限定性定語從句中，先行詞也可以是整個句子，一般用which 或as 來引導定語從句；which在從句中可充當主語、賓語等，而as 在從句中一般只充當主語；which 與as 引導這類定語從句的區別在于：which 只能放在句子當中或句子末尾，而as 的位置比較靈活，可以放在句子當中、句子末尾，也可以放在句首。

As is known to all, too much stress can cause disease.Too much stress can cause disease, as is known to all.Too much stress can cause disease, which is known to all.眾所周知，壓力太大了，人會得病的。

Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen, which is known to all.Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen, as is known to all.眾所周知，水是由氫和氧組成的。

※

關系代詞在定語從句中有時也作介詞的賓語。如果介詞被置于關系代詞前，一般只用介詞加which 或介詞加whom，而不用介詞加that來引導定語從句。如果介詞被置于從句句末，則可以使用that來代替which或whom，這時的that可以省略。

This is the ring on which she spent 1,000 dollars.這就是她花了一千美元買的那枚戒指。

One of my students whom you are familiar with will come.將要來的那個學生你也認識。1.In an hour, we can travel to places __________ would have taken our ancestors days to reach.A.where B.when C.which D.what 2.His movie won several awards at the film festival, __________ was beyond his wildest dream.A.which B.that C.where D.it 3.We went through a period __________ communications were very difficult in the rural areas.A.which B.whose C.in which D.with which 4.Mozart’s birthplace and the house __________ he composed “The Magic Flute” are both museums now.A.where B.when C.there D.which 5.Wind power is an ancient source of energy __________ we may return in the near future.A.on which B.by which C.to which D.from which 6.Children who are not active or __________ diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.A.what B.where C.what D.that 7.As a child, Jack studied in a village school, __________ is named after his grandfather.A.which B.where C.what D.that 8.I refuse to accept the blame for something __________ was someone else’s fault.A.who B.that C.as D.what 9.The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of __________ left their village homes for a better life in the city.A.whom B.which C.them D.those 10.The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister __________ she would stay for an hour.A.where B.who C.which D.what 11.The newly-built cafe, the walls of __________ are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, especially after hard work.A.that B.it C.what D.which

12.I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school __________ I met in the English speech contest last year.A.who B.where C.when D.which 13.— What do you think of teaching, Bob?

— I find it fun and challenging.It is a job __________ you are doing something serious but interesting.A.where B.which C.when D.that 14.It’s helpful to put children in a situation __________ they can see themselves differently.A.that B.when C.which D.where 15.Because of the financial crisis, days are gone __________ local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night.A.if B.when C.which D.since 16.Gun control is a subject __________ Americans have argued for a long time.A.of which B.with which C.about which D.into which 17.I have reached a point in my life __________ I am supposed to make decisions of my own.A.which B.where C.how D.why 18.The man pulled out a gold watch, __________ were made of small diamonds.A.the hands of whom B.whom the hands of C.which the hands of D.the hands of which 19.Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers __________ consumer complaints have resulted in changes in the law.A.where B.when C.who D.which 20.It is reported that two schools, __________ are being built in my hometown, will open next year.A.they both B.which both C.both of them D.both of which 4

第五篇：初三英語定語從句講解及-練習

一、定語從句的概念

在復合句中,修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞,定語從句一般放在先行詞的后面。

定語從句在句子中的功能類似于一個形容詞用于修飾名詞或代詞，由于它是以句子為單位的超大號形容詞（較長），所以 一般放在被修飾的名詞或代詞的后面，而被修飾的名詞或代詞放在定語從句前，叫做先行詞。

二、定語從句的關系詞

引導定語從句的關系詞有關系代詞和關系副詞。

常見的關系代詞包括：that, which, who(賓格whom,所有格whose)等,在從句中做主、賓、表、定語等成分。

常見的關系副詞包括：where, when, why等。在從句中做時間、地點、原因等狀語。關系代詞和關系副詞放在先行詞及定語從句之間起連接作用,同時又作定語從句的重要成分。

三、定語從句的分類

根據定語從句與先行詞的關系,定語從句可分為限制性定語從句及非限制性定語從句。限制性定語從句緊跟先行詞,主句與從句不用逗號分開,從句不可省去,非限制性定語從句主句與從句之間有逗號分開,起補充說明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。

四、關系代詞的用法

1.that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在從句中作主語或賓語,作主語時不可省略,作賓語可省略。例如: Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.(that作主語)

The coat(that)I put on the desk is blue.(that作賓語)

2.which用于指物,在句中作主語或賓語,作主語不可省略,作賓語可省略。例如:

The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.(作主語)

The film(which)we saw last night was wonderful.(作賓語)

3.who, whom用于指人,who 用作主語,whom用作賓語。在口語中,有時可用who代替whom, 也可省略。例如:

The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.(作主語)

Who is the teacher(whom)Li Ming is talking to?(作賓語)

注意:(1)當定語從句中含有介詞,介詞放在句末時,who, that, which可省略,但介詞在關系代詞前時,只能用“介詞+which/whom”結構。例如:

This is the house in which we lived last year.This is the house that we lived in last year.（這里不能用 in that）

Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.Please tell me who you borrowed the English novel from.(2)含有介詞的固定動詞詞組中,介詞不可前置,只能放在原來的位置上。例如:

This is the person whom you are looking for.(3)that 作介詞的賓語時,介詞不能放它的前面,只能放在從句中動詞的后面。例如:

The city that she lives in is very far away.(4)關系詞只能用that的情況:

a.先行詞被序數詞或形容詞最高級所修飾,或本身是序數詞、基數詞、形容詞最高級時,只能用that,而不用which.例如: He was the first person that passed the exam.b.被修飾的先行詞為all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one等不定代詞時,只能用that,而不用which.例如: Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop?

c.先行詞被the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few 等詞修飾時,只能用that,而不用which.例如:

This is the same bike that I lost.d.先行詞里同時含有人或物時,只能用that, 而不用which.例如:

I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.e.以who或which引導的特殊疑問句,為避免重復,只能用that.例如: Who is the girl that is crying?

f.主句是there be 結構,修飾主語的定語從句用that,而不用which.例如: There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.(5)關系詞只能用which,而不用that 的情況:

a.先行詞為that, those時,用which, 而不用that.例如: What’s that which is under the desk?

b.關系代詞前有介詞時,一般用which,而不用that.例如: This is the room in which he lives.c.引導非限制性定語從句,用which, 而不用that.例如: Tom came back, which made us happy.五、關系副詞的用法

(1)when指時間,其先行詞表示時間,在句中作時間狀語。例如: This was the time when he arrived.(2)where指地點,其先行詞表示地點,在句中作地點狀語。例如: This is place where he works.(3)why 指原因,其先行詞是原因,起原因狀語作用。例如: Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.一、用關系代詞（that、which、who、whom、whose）或關系副詞（when、where、why）填空。1．This is the man _______________ wants to see you.2．The student __________________ answered the question is Zhang Hua.3．The man _________________ you went to see has come.4．The man __________________I met yesterday lent me some money.5．The woman ______________________ you saw is our geography teacher.6．Here is the pen ________________ you lost the day before yesterday.7．These books ____________________ you lent me were very useful.8．A clock is a machine __________________ tells people the time.9．This is the shirt ______________________I bought yesterday.10．The book ___________________ is on the table is mine.11．The film ___________________ they are talking about is very interesting.12．I will never forget the people and the places ____________ I have ever visited.13．Is there anyone ___________________ family is in Beijing? 14．Show me the boy ______________ mother is a well-known singer.15．The boy_____________ father is a teacher is good at English.16.I don’t know the reason __________________ he was late for the class.17．A birthday is the date ____________ one was born.18．Do you know the reason ________ no one questioned Aristotle's theory for about 2,000 years? 19．Do you still remember the days ___________________we spent together last term? 20．Shanghai is the city ______________ I was born.21．The house _____________ I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.22．I still remember the day ______________I first came to the school.23．The time ______________we got together finally came.24．Please tell me the reason ______________ you missed the plane.25.I don’t know the reason_______________ he looks unhappy today.26．Everything _____________ I know will be taught to the students.27．This is the best film _____________ I have ever seen.28．The manager walked toward the gate ____________ the workers are waiting.29.You can’t go into this room ____________ they are having a meeting.30．I still remember the days _____________ we studied together.31．The picture ____________ has a house and flowers is the one I like best.32．He failed in the exam, _____________ surprised us all.33.Her parents wouldn’t let her marry anyone ____________ family was poor.34．Tom, ____________ parents are poor workers, always goes hungry.35.The first thing ______you must do is to have a meal.36.April 1st is the day _____is called April Fool’s Day in the west.37.The family _____had lost everything in a big fire got much help from their friends.38.The house _____we live in is very old.39.Didn’t you see the man ______I talked with just now?

二、單項選擇。

()1.This is the bag _____ my mother bought yesterday.A.that B.who C.whom D.this()2.The man _____ lives next to us is my English teacher.A.whom B.which C.who D./()3.The girl _____ you saw in the street is Mary.A.that B.whose C.which D.as()4.Is this the factory _____ a lot of students visited yesterday? A.the one B.which C.who D.whom()5.Is this factory _____ a lot of students visited yesterday? A.the one B.that C.which D./()6.The only language _____ is easy to learn is the mother tongue.A.which B.that C./ D.it()7.The girl handed everything _____ she had picked up in the street to the police.A.which B.in which C.that D.all()8._____ cleans the blackboard should be praised.A.That B.Who C.The one who D.The students who()9.Please show me the book _____ you bought yesterday.A.which B.whom C.whose D.this()10.This is the best book _____ I have been looking for all this year.A.who B.whom C.which D./()11.This is the only article of these that _____ written by him.A.was B.were C.is D.are()12.The man _____ was here just now is a doctor.A.whom B.who C./ D.he()13.The boy _____ has two lovely dogs.A.who live next door B.which lives next door C.whom lives next door D.that lives next door()14.Those _____ made no mistakes in today’s exercises please raise your hands.A.which B.whom C.that D.who()15.Don’t go in, this is the shop _____ we have just been _____.A./, to B.that, / C.where, to D.which, there()16.He is the most careful boy _____ I know.A.what B.which C.as D../()17.This is the school _____ Mr.Smith once taught.A.in that B.when C.where D.there

()18.Have you visited the house _____ the famous scientist was born? A.where B.in that C.that D.which()19.The factory _____ Mr.Li used to work was closed last week.A.when B.where C.that D.which()20.Do you still remember the day _____ we first met? A.that B.when C.what D.on that()21.The time _____ we studied together is not easily forgotten.A.that B.when C.where D.in which()22.October 1,1949 is the day _____ we’ll never forget.A.when B.that C.where D.in which()23.October 1,1949 was the day _____ the People’s Republic of China was founded.A.which B.when C.where D.in which()24.Is this the shop _____ sells children’s clothing? A.which B.where C.in which D.what()25.Is this museum _____ they visited last month? A.that B.which C.where D.the one

()26.I still remember the sitting-room _____ my mother and I used to sit in the evening.A.what B.which C.that D.where()27.-Do you know the man ______is talking with your father?

-Yes, he’s our headmaster.A.he

B.who

C.which

D.whom()28.Is this the river _____I can swim?

A.which

B.in which

C.that

D.the one()29.This is the best hotel in the city _____I know.A.where

B.which

C.that

D.it

()30.Can you lend me the dictionary ______the other day? A.that you bought

B.you bought it C.that you bought it

D.which you bought it

()31.Anyone ______with what I said may put up you hands.A.which agrees

B.who agree C.who agrees D.which agree()32.My watch is not the only thing ______ is missing.A.that

B.it

C.which

D.who

()33.The man ______coat is black is waiting at the gate A.who’s

B.whose

C.that

D.which.()34.The girl ______ is reading under the tree _____my sister.A.which;is B.whom;was C.who;is D.who;was()35.I love places ______the people are really friendly.A.that

B.which

C.where

D.who()36.The world ______ is made up of matter.A.in that we live

B.on which we live C.where we live in

D.we live in

三、句型轉換

1．The film is interesting.They saw it last night._______________________________________________________________________ 2．The students will not pass the exam.They don’t work hard._______________________________________________________________________ 3．The lady is our teacher.You saw her just now._______________________________________________________________________ 4．I was reading a book.The book is about a boy._______________________________________________________________________ 5．He is the young writer．He wrote the book．

_______________________________________________________________________ 6．I like Chinese tea.The tea has no milk and sugar._______________________________________________________________________ 7．The girl is very clever． The girl is wearing a red skirt._______________________________________________________________________ 8．The strange thing was used for drinking long before.It has three legs._______________________________________________________________________