第一篇：英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)_高中英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句講解及練習(xí)_必備范文

18.高中英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句講解及練習(xí)

定于從句是高中重點(diǎn)知識(shí)，也是高考?？键c(diǎn)，大家也不容易掌握，這篇文章主要教你關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句 判斷關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞 限制性和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句等內(nèi)容，有例題講解

定語(yǔ)從句在句中做定語(yǔ)，修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞，被修飾的名詞詞組或代詞即先行詞。定語(yǔ)從句通常

出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后，由關(guān)系詞（關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞）引出。關(guān)系代詞有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。關(guān)系副詞有：when, where, why等。

18.1 關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞，并在句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等成分。關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。1）who, whom, that

這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞，在從句中作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)。例如：

Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想見(jiàn)的人嗎？（who/that在從句中作主語(yǔ)）

He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天見(jiàn)的那個(gè)人。（whom/that在從句中作賓語(yǔ)）

2）whose 用來(lái)指人或物，（只用作定語(yǔ), 若指物，它還可以同of which互換）。例如：

They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人車(chē)壞了，大家都跑過(guò)去幫忙。

Please pass me the book whose（of which）cover is green.請(qǐng)遞給我那本綠皮的書(shū)。

3）which, that所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等。例如：

A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.農(nóng)村出現(xiàn)了前所未有的繁榮。（which / that在句中作賓語(yǔ)）

The package（which / that）you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你拿的包快散了。（which / that在句中作賓語(yǔ)）

18.2 關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

關(guān)系副詞可代替的先行詞是時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或理由的名詞，在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。

1）關(guān)系副詞when, where, why的含義相當(dāng)于“介詞+ which”結(jié)構(gòu)，因此常常和“介詞+ which”結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用。例如：

There are occasions when（on which）one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的時(shí)候。

Beijing is the place where（in which）I was born.北京是我的出生地。

Is this the reason why（for which）he refused our offer? 這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎？ 2）that代替關(guān)系副詞，可以用于表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、理由的名詞后取代when, where, why和“介+which”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，在口語(yǔ)中that常被省略。例如：

His father died the year（that / when / in which）he was born.他父親在他出生那年逝世了。

He is unlikely to find the place（that / where / in which）he lived forty years ago.他不大可能找到他四十年前居住過(guò)的地方。

18.3 判斷關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞

方法一： 用關(guān)系代詞，還是關(guān)系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。及物動(dòng)詞后面無(wú)賓語(yǔ)，就必須要求用關(guān)系代詞；而不及物動(dòng)詞則要求用關(guān)系副詞。例如：

This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.這是我去年呆過(guò)的山村。

I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記與你共事的日子。

判斷改錯(cuò)：

（錯(cuò)）This is the mountain village where I visited last year.（錯(cuò)）I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.（對(duì)）This is the mountain village（which）I visited last year.（對(duì)）I'll never forget the days（which）I spent in the countryside.習(xí)慣上總把表地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間的名詞與關(guān)系副詞 where, when聯(lián)系在一起。此兩題錯(cuò)在關(guān)系詞的誤用上。

方法二： 準(zhǔn)確判斷先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中的成分（主、謂、賓、定、狀），也能正確選擇出關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系副詞。

例1.Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age? A.where B.that C.on which D.the one 例2.Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.A.where B.that C.on which D.the one 答案：例1 D，例2 A 例1變?yōu)榭隙ň洌?This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.例2變?yōu)榭隙ň洌?This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.在句1中，所缺部分為賓語(yǔ)，而where, that, on which都不能起到賓語(yǔ)的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表語(yǔ)，又可做從句的賓語(yǔ)，可以省略關(guān)系代詞，所以應(yīng)選D。

而句2中, 主、謂、賓俱全，從句部分為句子的狀語(yǔ)表地點(diǎn)，既可用副詞where，又因 in the museum詞組，可用介詞in + which 引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。而此題中，介詞on 用的不對(duì)，所以選A。

關(guān)系詞的選擇依據(jù)在從句中所做的成分，先行詞在從句中做主、定、賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，選擇關(guān)系代詞（who, whom, that, which, whose）； 先行詞在從句中做狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)選擇關(guān)系副詞（where 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，when 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，why 原因狀語(yǔ)）。

18.4 限制性和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句

1）定語(yǔ)從句有限制性和非限制性?xún)煞N。限制性定語(yǔ)從句是先行詞不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明確；非限制性定語(yǔ)從句是先行詞的附加說(shuō)明，去掉了也不會(huì)影響主句的意思，它與主句之間通常用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)。例如：

This is the house which we bought last month.這是我們上個(gè)月買(mǎi)的那幢房子。（限制性）The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.這幢房子很漂亮，是我們上個(gè)月買(mǎi)的。（非限制性）

2）當(dāng)先行詞是專(zhuān)有名詞或物主代詞和指示代詞所修飾時(shí)，其后的定語(yǔ)從句通常是非限制性的。例如：

Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.查理?史密斯去年退休了，他曾經(jīng)是我的老師。

My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.我去年買(mǎi)的的那幢房子帶著個(gè)漂亮的花園。

This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching.這本小說(shuō)很動(dòng)人，我已經(jīng)讀了三遍。

3）非限制性定語(yǔ)從句還能將整個(gè)主句作為先行詞, 對(duì)其進(jìn)行修飾, 這時(shí)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)。例如：

He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.他似乎沒(méi)抓住我的意思，這使我心煩。

Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation.液態(tài)水變?yōu)檎羝@就叫做蒸發(fā)。

說(shuō)明：關(guān)系代詞that和關(guān)系副詞why不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。

18.5 介詞+關(guān)系詞

1）介詞后面的關(guān)系詞不能省略。2）that前不能有介詞。3）某些在從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)或原因狀語(yǔ)的“介詞+關(guān)系詞”結(jié)構(gòu)可以同關(guān)系副詞when 和where 互換。例如：

This is the house in which I lived two years ago.這是我兩年前住過(guò)的房子。

This is the house where I lived two years ago.Do you remember the day on which you joined our club? 還記得你加入我們俱樂(lè)部的那一天嗎？

Do you remember the day when you joined our club?

18.6 as, which 非限定性定語(yǔ)從句

由as, which 引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，as和which可代整個(gè)主句，相當(dāng)于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。例如：

As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.如我們所知，吸煙有害健康。

The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.太陽(yáng)使地球暖起來(lái)，這對(duì)我們?nèi)祟?lèi)很重要。典型例題

1）Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.A.it B.that C.which D.he

答案C.此為非限定性從句，不能用 that修飾，而用which.，it 和he 都使后句成為句子，兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子不能單以逗號(hào)連接。況且選he句意不通。

2）The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.A.what B.which C.that D.it

答案B。which可代替句子，用于非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，it不為連詞，使由逗號(hào)連接的兩個(gè)句子并在一起在英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法上行不通。3）It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..A.that B.which C.as D.it

答案B.as 和which在引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，這兩個(gè)關(guān)系代詞都指主句所表達(dá)的整個(gè)意思，且在定語(yǔ)從句中都可以作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)。但不同之處主要有兩點(diǎn)：（1）as 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句可置于句首，而which不可。

（2）as 代表前面的整個(gè)主句并在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句中的謂語(yǔ)必須是系動(dòng)詞；若為行為動(dòng)詞，則從句中的關(guān)系代詞只能用which.。在本題中，prevent由于是行為動(dòng)詞，所以正確選項(xiàng)應(yīng)為B。as 的用法

例1.the same…as；such…as 中的as 是一種固定結(jié)構(gòu), 和……一樣……。例如：

I have got into the same trouble as he（has）.我碰到了跟他一樣的麻煩。例2.as可引導(dǎo)非限制性從句，常帶有'正如'。例如：

As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.如我們所知，吸煙有害健康。

As is known, smoking is harmful to one's health.As是關(guān)系代詞。例1中的as作know的賓語(yǔ)；例2中，它充當(dāng)從句的主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞know要用被動(dòng)式。

18.7 先行詞和關(guān)系詞二合一

1）Whoever spits in public will be punished here.（Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替）

2）The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school.（what 可以用all that代替）

18.8 what/whatever;that/what;who/whoever 1）what = the thing which；whatever = anything。例如：

What you want has been sent here.你要的動(dòng)詞都送來(lái)了。

Whatever you want makes no difference to me.不管你要什么，跟我沒(méi)什么關(guān)系。2）who= the person that whoever= anyone who。例如：

（錯(cuò)）Who breaks the law will be punished.（錯(cuò)）Whoever robbed the bank is not clear.（對(duì)）Whoever breaks the law will be punished.王子犯法，與庶民同罪。

（對(duì)）Who robbed the bank is not clear.誰(shuí)搶了銀行還不清楚。3）that 和 what

當(dāng)that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，通常用作關(guān)系代詞，而引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)，是個(gè)不充當(dāng)任何成分的連接詞。賓語(yǔ)從句和表語(yǔ)從句中的that常可省略。What只能引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，用作連接代詞，作從句的具體成分，且不能省略。例如：

I think（that）you will like the stamps.我想你會(huì)喜歡這些郵票的。

What we need is more practice.我們需要的是更多的實(shí)踐。

18.9 關(guān)系代詞that 的用法 1）不用that的情況

a）引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)。例如：

（錯(cuò)）The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.b）介詞后不能用。例如：

We depend on the land from which we get our food.我們依賴(lài)土地獲得食物。

We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.2）只能用that作為定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞的情況

a）在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。

b）在不定代詞，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行詞時(shí)，只用that，不用which。

c）先行詞有the only, the very修飾時(shí)，只用that。

d）先行詞為序數(shù)詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí)，只用that。.e）先行詞既有人，又有物時(shí)。例如：

All that is needed is a supply of oil.所需的只是供油問(wèn)題。

Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.那賊最終把偷的全部東西交給了警察。

第二篇：高中英語(yǔ)-定語(yǔ)從句講解及練習(xí)

定語(yǔ)從句

定語(yǔ)從句及相關(guān)術(shù)語(yǔ)

1.定語(yǔ)從句：修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞的從句稱(chēng)為定語(yǔ)從句，一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞后面。2.關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞稱(chēng)為關(guān)系詞，關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；關(guān)系副詞有where, when, why等。關(guān)系詞常有3個(gè)作用：1，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。2，代替先行詞。3在定語(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)成分。

定語(yǔ)從句是由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的從句，其作用是作定語(yǔ)修飾主句的某個(gè)名詞性成分，相當(dāng)于形容詞，所以又稱(chēng)為形容詞性從句．

２ 定語(yǔ)

（一）限定性定語(yǔ)從句

1.that既可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物；它們?cè)趶木渲凶髦髡Z(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，that在從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)?？墒÷躁P(guān)系詞，which在從句中作賓語(yǔ)則不能省略。而且，如果which在從句中作“不及物動(dòng)詞＋介詞”的介詞的賓語(yǔ)，注意介詞不要丟掉，而且介詞總是放在關(guān)系代詞which的前邊，但有的則放在它原來(lái)的位置

2.which作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，根據(jù)先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句之間的語(yǔ)義關(guān)系，先行詞與which之間的介詞不能丟

3.代表物時(shí)多用which，但在帶有下列詞的句子中用that而不用which，這些詞包括當(dāng)先行詞是anything, everything, nothing ,few, all, none, little, some等代詞時(shí)，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修飾時(shí)等，這時(shí)的that常被省略

4.who和whom引導(dǎo)的從句用來(lái)修飾人，分別作從句中的主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)，whom作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，要注意它可以作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)也可以作介詞的賓語(yǔ)

5.where是關(guān)系副詞，用來(lái)表示地點(diǎn)的定語(yǔ)從句

6.when引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句表示時(shí)間［注］值得一提的是，表示時(shí)間“time“一詞的定語(yǔ)從句只用when引導(dǎo)，有時(shí)不用任何關(guān)系代詞，當(dāng)然也不用that引導(dǎo)

By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks.I still remember the first time I met her.Each time he goes to business trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towers, soap, toothbrush etc.7.whose是關(guān)系代詞，修飾名詞作定語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于所修飾成分的前置所有格.它引導(dǎo)的從句可以修飾人和物, 當(dāng)它引導(dǎo)的從句修飾物體時(shí), 可以與 of which 調(diào)換,表達(dá)的意思一樣.8.當(dāng)從句的邏輯主語(yǔ)是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing時(shí)，常用there is來(lái)引導(dǎo)

There is somebody here who wants to speak to you.這里有人要和你說(shuō)話。

（二）非限定性定語(yǔ)從句

非限定性定語(yǔ)從句的作用是對(duì)所修飾的成分作進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明，通常是引導(dǎo)詞和先行詞之間用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，將從句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立

1.which引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句來(lái)說(shuō)明前面整個(gè)句子的情況或主句的某一部分

2.當(dāng)先行詞是專(zhuān)有名詞或物主代詞和指示代詞所修飾時(shí)，其后的定語(yǔ)從句通常是非限制性的，例如：

Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾經(jīng)是我的老師。

My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.我去年買(mǎi)的的那幢房子帶著個(gè)漂亮的花園。

This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching.這本小說(shuō)很動(dòng)人，我已經(jīng)讀了三遍。

3.非限制性定語(yǔ)從句還能將整個(gè)主句作為先行詞, 對(duì)其進(jìn)行修飾, 這時(shí)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)，例如：

He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.他似乎沒(méi)抓住我的意思，這使我心煩。

Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation.液態(tài)水變?yōu)檎羝@就叫做蒸發(fā)。

4.有時(shí)as也可用作關(guān)系代詞

5.在非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中，不能用關(guān)系副詞why和關(guān)系代詞that，而用who, whom代表人，用which代表事物.；

（三）關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

1.who指人，在從句中做主語(yǔ)

(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.(2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.2.whom指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)，?？墒÷浴?/p>

(1)Mr.Liu is the person(whom)you talked about on the bus.(2)Mr.Ling is just the boy whom I want to see.注意：關(guān)系代詞whom在口語(yǔ)和非正式語(yǔ)體中常用who代替，可省略。

(3)The man who/whom you met just now is my friend

3.which指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ)，做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略

(1)Football is a game which is liked by most boys.(2)This is the pen(which)he bought yesterday.如果在從句中做賓語(yǔ),就用whom或who.比如: He is the man whom/who I talk to.如果是在從句中作主語(yǔ)就只能用who.比如: He is the man who has an English book.4.that指人時(shí)，相當(dāng)于who或者whom；指物時(shí)，相當(dāng)于which。

在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ)，做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略。

(5)The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million.(6)Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?

5.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中做定語(yǔ)

(1)He has a friend whose father is a doctor.(2)I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.whose指物時(shí)，常用以下結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)代替

(3)The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.(4)The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.(5)Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?

(6)Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?

（四）注意

介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中做介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)

從句常由介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)

(1)The school(that/which)he once studied in is very famous.(2)The school in which he once studied is very famous.(3)Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine(that/which)you asked for.(4)Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked.(5)We’ll go to hear the famous singer(whom/that/who)we have often talked about.(6)We’ll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.注意：1.含有介詞的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)一般不拆開(kāi)使用，如：look for, look after, take care of等

(1)This is the watch which/that I am looking for.(T)

(2)This is the watch for which I am looking.(F)

2.若介詞放在關(guān)系代詞前，關(guān)系代詞指人時(shí)用whom，不可用who或者that；指物時(shí)用which，不能用that；關(guān)系代詞是所有格時(shí)用whose

(1)The man with whom you talked is my friend.(T)

(2)The man with that you talked is my friend.(F)

(3)The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable.(T)

(4)The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable.(F)

3.“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代詞或者數(shù)詞

(1)He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.(2)In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.(3)There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.（五）關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

1.when指時(shí)間，在定語(yǔ)從句中做時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)

(1)I still remember the day when I first came to the school.(2)The time when we got together finally came.2.where指地點(diǎn)，在定語(yǔ)從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)

(1)Shanghai is the city where I was born.(2)The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.3.why指原因，在定語(yǔ)從句中做原因狀語(yǔ)

(1)Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.(2)I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.注意：關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的從句可以由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的從句替換

(1)The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear，(2)From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.(3)Great changes have taken place in the city in which./where I was born.（六）判斷關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞

方法一： 用關(guān)系代詞，還是關(guān)系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。不及物動(dòng)詞后面無(wú)賓語(yǔ)，就必須要求用關(guān)系副詞或者是介詞加關(guān)系代詞；而及物動(dòng)詞后接賓語(yǔ)，則要求用關(guān)系代詞。例如：

This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.判斷改錯(cuò)（注：先顯示題，再顯示答案，橫線；用不同的顏色表示出。）

（錯(cuò)）This is the mountain village where I visited last year.（錯(cuò)）I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.（對(duì)）This is the mountain village(which)I visited last year.（對(duì)）I'll never forget the days(which)I spent in the countryside.習(xí)慣上總把表地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間的名詞與關(guān)系副詞 where, when聯(lián)系在一起。此兩題錯(cuò)在關(guān)系詞的誤用上。

方法二： 準(zhǔn)確判斷先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中的成分(主、謂、賓、定、狀)，也能正確選擇出關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系副詞。例1.Is this museum ___ you visited a few days ago?

A.where B.that C.on which D.the one

例2.Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held?

A.where B.that C.on which D.the one答案：

例1 D，例2 A

例1變?yōu)榭隙ň洌?This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.例2變?yōu)榭隙ň洌?This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.在句1中，所缺部分為賓語(yǔ)，而where, that, on which都不能起到賓語(yǔ)的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表語(yǔ)，又可做從句的賓語(yǔ)，可以省略關(guān)系代詞，所以應(yīng)選D。

而句2中, 主、謂、賓俱全，從句部分為句子的狀語(yǔ)表地點(diǎn)，既可用副詞where，又因 in the museum詞組，可用介詞in + which 引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。而此題中，介詞on 用的不對(duì)，所以選A。

關(guān)系詞的選擇依據(jù)在從句中所做的成分，先行詞在從句中做主、定、賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，選擇關(guān)系代詞(who, whom, that, which, whose)；

先行詞在從句中做狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)選擇關(guān)系副詞(where 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，when 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，why 原因狀語(yǔ))。

（七）介詞+關(guān)系詞

1）介詞后面的關(guān)系詞不能省略。

2）that前不能有介詞。

3）某些在從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)或原因狀語(yǔ)的”介詞+關(guān)系詞“結(jié)構(gòu)可以同關(guān)系副詞when ,where和why 互換。This is the house in which I lived two years ago.This is the house where I lived two years ago.Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?

Do you remember the day when you joined our club?

This is the reason why he came late.This is the reason for which he came late.（八）先行詞和關(guān)系詞二合一

1)Whoever spits in public will be punished here.(Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替)2)The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school.(what 可以用all that代替)

（九）as,which引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句

由as, which 引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，as和which可代整個(gè)主句，相當(dāng)于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。

As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.典型例題

1）Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.A.it B.that C.which D.he

答案C.此為非限定性從句，不能用 that修飾，而用which.，it 和he 都使后句成為句子，兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子不能單以逗號(hào)連接。況且選he句意不通。

2）The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.A.what B.which C.that D.it

答案B。

which可代替句子，用于非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，it不為連詞，使由逗號(hào)連接的兩個(gè)句子并在一起在英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法上行不通。

3）It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..A.that B.which C.as D.it

答案B.as 和which在引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，這兩個(gè)關(guān)系代詞都指主句所表達(dá)的整個(gè)意思，且在定語(yǔ)從句中都可以作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)。但不同之處主要有兩點(diǎn)：

(1）as 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句可置于句首，而which不可。

(2）as 代表前面的整個(gè)主句并在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句中的謂語(yǔ)必須是系動(dòng)詞；若為行為動(dòng)詞，則從句中的關(guān)系代詞只能用which.。

在本題中，prevent由于是行為動(dòng)詞，所以正確選項(xiàng)應(yīng)為B。

As 的用法例

1.the same… as；such…as 中的as 是一種固定結(jié)構(gòu), 和……一樣……。

I have got into the same trouble as he(has).例2.as可引導(dǎo)非限制性從句，常帶有'正如'。

As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.As is knew, smoking is harmful to one's health.As是關(guān)系代詞。例1中的as作know的賓語(yǔ)；

例2中，它充當(dāng)從句的主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞know要用被動(dòng)式。

（十）關(guān)系代詞that 的用法

(1)不用that的情況

(a)在引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)。

(錯(cuò))The tree, that is four hundred years old, Is very famous here.(b)介詞后不能用。

We depend on the land from which we get our food.We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.(2)只能用that作為定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞的情況

(a)在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。

(b)在不定代詞，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行詞時(shí)，只用that，不用which。

(c)先行詞有the only, the very,the same,the last,just修飾時(shí)，只用that。

(d)先行詞為序數(shù)詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí)，只用that。.(e)先行詞既有人，又有物時(shí)。

(f)先行詞指物，在主句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)．

(g)為了避免重復(fù)．

(h)先行詞是the way時(shí)

舉例：

Is this the book that you borrowed in the library?

這是你在圖書(shū)館借的那本書(shū)嗎？

Who that break the window should be punished．

誰(shuí)打碎了窗戶(hù)都要受到懲罰．

All that is needed is a supply of oil.所需的只是供油問(wèn)題。

Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.那賊最終把偷的全部東西交給了警察。

（十一）難點(diǎn)分析

（一）限制性定語(yǔ)從句只能用that的幾種情況

1．當(dāng)先行詞是anything, everything, nothing(something 除外), few, all, none, little, some等代詞時(shí)，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修飾時(shí)

(1)Have you taken down everything that Mr.Li has said?

(2)There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world.(3)All that can be done has been done.(4)There is little that I can do for you.注意：當(dāng)先行詞指人時(shí)，偶爾也可以用who

(4)Any man that/.who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing.2.當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾

(1)The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.3.當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)

(1)This is the best film that I have seen.4.當(dāng)形容詞被the very, the only 修飾時(shí)

(1)This is the very good dictionary that I want to buy，(2)After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned.當(dāng)先行詞指人時(shí)，偶爾也可以用who

(3)Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting？

5.當(dāng)先行詞前面有who, which等疑問(wèn)代詞時(shí)

(1)Who is the man that is standing there?

(2)Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?

6.當(dāng)先行詞既有人，也有動(dòng)物或者物體時(shí)

(1)Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?

（二）關(guān)系代詞as和which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句as和which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，有相同之處也有不同之處。具體情況是：

1．As和which都可以在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ)，代表前面整個(gè)句子。

(1)He married her, as/which was natural.(2)He was honest, as/which we can see.2.as 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一個(gè)主句；which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只能放在主句之后。另外，as有“正如……，正像……”的意思

(1)As is known to all, China is a developing country.(2)He is from the south, as we can see from his accent.(3)John, as you know, is a famous writer.(4)He has been to Paris more than several times, which I don’t believe.注意：當(dāng)主句和從句存在邏輯上的因果關(guān)系時(shí)，常用which

(5)Tom was always late for school, which made his teacher angry.3.當(dāng)先行次受such, the same修飾時(shí)，常用as

(1)I have never heard such a story as he tells.(2)He is not such a fool as he looks.(3)This is the same book as I lost last week.注意：當(dāng)先行詞由the same修飾時(shí)，偶爾也用that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，但是和由as所引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句意思不同

(4)She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding.她穿著她在MARY婚禮上穿過(guò)的一條裙子。

(5)She wore the same dress as her young sister wore.她穿著和她妹妹所穿的一樣的裙子。

(三）以the way為先行詞的定語(yǔ)從句通常由in which, that引導(dǎo)，而且通常可以省略。

(1)The way in which/ that/./ he answered the question was surprising.(四)but有時(shí)也可以做關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句

(1)There are very few but understand his idea.(but= who don’t)

(五)區(qū)分定語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句

1．定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞，它和先行詞是修飾關(guān)系；

同位語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明先行詞的具體內(nèi)容，是補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的關(guān)系

(1)The plane that has just taken off is for London.定語(yǔ)從句

(2)The fact that he has been dead is clear.同位語(yǔ)從句

2．定語(yǔ)從句由關(guān)系代詞或者關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)，關(guān)系詞在句中充當(dāng)成分，有時(shí)可以省略；

同位語(yǔ)從句主要由that引導(dǎo)，在句中一般不做成分；

句子也可以由when, where, how, why, whether, what等詞引導(dǎo)，充當(dāng)成分

(1)The news he told me is true.(2)The news that he has just died is true.(3)The problem that we are facing now is how we can collect so much money.定語(yǔ)

(4)The problem how we can collect so much money is difficult to solve.3.同位語(yǔ)從句和先行詞一般可以用be動(dòng)詞發(fā)展成一個(gè)完整的句子，而定語(yǔ)從句不可以

(1)The idea that we could ask the teacher for advice is wonderful.同位語(yǔ)

(2)The idea was that we could ask the teacher for advice.(3)The fact that the earth moves around the earth is known to all.(4)The fact is that the earth moves around the earth.18.定語(yǔ)從句

定語(yǔ)從句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定語(yǔ)，修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞，被修飾的名詞,詞組或代詞即先行詞。定語(yǔ)從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后，由關(guān)系詞（關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞）引出。

關(guān)系代詞有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。

關(guān)系副詞有： when, where, why等。

18.1 關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞，并在句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等成分。關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。

1）who, whom, that

這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞，在從句中所起作用如下：

Is he the man who/that wants to see you?

他就是你想見(jiàn)的人嗎？（who/that在從句中作主語(yǔ)）

He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天見(jiàn)的那個(gè)人。（whom/that在從句中作賓語(yǔ)）

2)Whose 用來(lái)指人或物，(只用作定語(yǔ), 若指物，它還可以同of which互換）, 例如：

They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人車(chē)壞了，大家都跑過(guò)去幫忙。

Please pass me the book whose(of which)cover is green.請(qǐng)遞給我那本綠皮的書(shū)。

3）which, that

它們所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等，例如：

A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.農(nóng)村出現(xiàn)了前所未有的繁榮。（which / that在句中作賓語(yǔ)）

The package(which / that)you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作賓語(yǔ)）

［定語(yǔ)從句］介詞+關(guān)系詞

1）介詞后面的關(guān)系詞不能省略。

2）that前不能有介詞。

3）某些在從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)或原因狀語(yǔ)的”介詞+關(guān)系詞"結(jié)構(gòu)可以同關(guān)系副詞when 和where 互換。例如：

This is the house in which I lived two years ago.這是我兩年前住過(guò)的房子。

This is the house where I lived two years ago.Do you remember the day on which you joined our club？ 還記得你加入我們俱樂(lè)部的那一天嗎？

Do you remember the day when you joined our club？

第三篇：高中英語(yǔ) 定語(yǔ)從句講解 練習(xí)

高中定語(yǔ)從句講解+練習(xí)

（一）定義及相關(guān)術(shù)語(yǔ)

1．定語(yǔ)從句：修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)從句一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞之后。

2．先行詞：被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的詞叫先行詞。

3．關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。

關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；關(guān)系副詞有when, where, why等。

關(guān)系詞通常有下列三個(gè)作用：A、引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句；B、代替先行詞；C、在定語(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)成分。例如：

The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.該句中，who is shaking hands with my father 是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞the man，“who”是引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞，代替先行詞the man，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)。

（二）關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

1．who 指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)。

The boys who are playing football are from Class One.正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。

Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning.想去博物館的人必須在明晨7點(diǎn)到大門(mén)口集合。

Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way.昨天我?guī)椭艘晃幻月返睦先恕?/p>

That is the teacher who teaches us physics.那就是教我們物理的老師。

2．whom 指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中做賓語(yǔ)，常可省略。

Mr Liu is the person(whom)you talked about on the bus.劉先生就是你們?cè)诠财?chē)上談?wù)摰哪莻€(gè)人。

Li Ming is just the boy(whom)I want to see.李明正是我想要見(jiàn)的男孩。

The professor(whom)you are waiting for has come.你正在等的教授已經(jīng) 1 來(lái)了。

The girl(whom)the teacher often praises is our monitor.老師經(jīng)常表?yè)P(yáng)的那個(gè)女孩是我們的班長(zhǎng)。

注意：關(guān)系代詞whom 在口語(yǔ)或非正式文體中?？捎脀ho 來(lái)代替，也可省略。

The man(whom / who)you met just now is my old friend.3．Which 指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)?？墒÷?。

Football is a game which is liked by most boys.足球是大多數(shù)男孩所喜歡的運(yùn)動(dòng)。

The factory which makes computers is far away from here.制造計(jì)算機(jī)的那家公司離這兒很遠(yuǎn)。

He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers.他喜歡外國(guó)作家寫(xiě)的書(shū)。

The house which is by the lake looks nice.湖邊的那幢房子看上去很漂亮。

This is the pen(which)he bought yesterday.這是他昨天買(mǎi)的鋼筆。

The film(which)they went to see last night was not interesting at all.他們昨晚看的電影一點(diǎn)意思也沒(méi)有。

4．That 指人時(shí)，相當(dāng)于who 或whom；指物時(shí)，相當(dāng)于which.。在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)?？墒÷?。

The number of people that / who come to visit this city each year reaches one million.每年來(lái)參觀這座城市的人數(shù)達(dá)一百萬(wàn)。

Where is the man that / whom I saw this morning? 我今天早上看到的那個(gè)人在哪兒？

The person that /whom you introduced to me is very kind.你介紹給我的那個(gè)人很友好。

The season that / which comes after spring is summer.春天以后的季節(jié)是夏季。

Yesterday I received a letter that / which came from Australia.昨天我收到了一封來(lái)自澳大利亞的信。

5．Whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中做定語(yǔ)。

I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country.我拜訪了一個(gè)全國(guó)知名的科學(xué)家。

He has a friend whose father is a doctor.他有一個(gè)爸爸當(dāng)醫(yī)生的朋友。

I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in.我曾經(jīng)住在那幢屋頂已經(jīng)倒塌了的房子里。

注意：指物時(shí)，常用下列結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)代替：

The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?

Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow?

（三）“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句常常由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引出。

The school(which / that)he once studied in is very famous.The school in which he once studied is very famous.他曾經(jīng)就讀過(guò)的學(xué)校很出名。

Tomorrow I'll bring here the magazine(which / that)you asked for.Tomorrow I’ll bring here the magazine for which you asked.明天我將把你要的雜志帶來(lái)。

This is the boy(whom / who / that)I played tennis with yesterday.This is the boy with whom I played tennis with yesterday.這是我昨天跟他打臺(tái)球的男孩。

We'll go to hear the famous singer(whom / who / that)we have often talked about.We’ll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.我們將去聽(tīng)那位我們經(jīng)常談?wù)摰闹璩已莩?/p>

The manager whose company I work in pays much attention to improving our working conditions.3 The manager in whose company I work pays much attention to improving our working conditions.我工作的那家公司的經(jīng)理十分注意改善我們的工作條件。

注意：１． 含有介詞的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般不拆開(kāi)，介詞仍放在短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的后面。如：look for, look after, take care of 等。

This is the watch(which / that)I am looking for.(正)這是我正在找的手表。

This is the watch for which I am looking.(誤)

The babies(whom / who / that)the nurse is looking after are very healthy.(正)那個(gè)保姆照看的小寶寶們都很健康。

The babies after whom the nurse is looking are very healthy.（誤）

２．若介詞放在關(guān)系代詞前，關(guān)系代詞指人時(shí)只可用whom，不可用who, that；關(guān)系代詞指物時(shí)只可用which，不可用that。關(guān)系代詞是所有格時(shí)用whose。

The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour.(正)你剛才跟他談話的那個(gè)人是我的鄰居。

The man with that / who you talked just now is my neighbour.(誤)

The plane in which we flew to Canada was really comfortable.(正)我們?nèi)ゼ幽么笏俗娘w機(jī)實(shí)在很舒服。

The plane in that we flew to Canada was really comfortable.(誤)３．“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”前還可有some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few等代詞或者數(shù)詞。如：

He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.他深深地愛(ài)著他的父母，他們倆待他都很好。

In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.籃子里有好些蘋(píng)果，有些已經(jīng)壞了。

There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.我們班總共有４０個(gè)學(xué)生，大多數(shù)來(lái)自大城市。

Up to now, he has written ten stories, three of which are about country life.迄 4 今為止，他寫(xiě)了１０部小說(shuō)，其中３部是關(guān)于農(nóng)村生活的。

（四）關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

1． when 指時(shí)間，在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。

I still remember the day when I first came to this school.我仍然記得我第一次來(lái)到這所學(xué)校的那一天。

The time when we got together finally arrived.我們團(tuán)聚的時(shí)刻終于到了。

October 1, 1949 was the day when the People’s Republic of China was founded.1949年10月1日是中華人民共和國(guó)成立的日子。

Do you remember the years when he lived in the countryside with his grandparents.你還記得在農(nóng)村和你祖父母一起生活的那些年嗎？

2． where 指地點(diǎn)，在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。

Shanghai is the city where I was born.上海是我出生的城市。

The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.我十年前住的房子已經(jīng)被拆掉了。

I visited the farm where a lot of cows were raised.我參觀了那個(gè)飼養(yǎng)了許多奶牛的農(nóng)場(chǎng)。

Is this the place where they fought the enemy? 這是他們當(dāng)初打敵人的地方嗎？

3． why 指原因，在定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)。

Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.請(qǐng)告訴我你誤機(jī)的原因。

The reason why he was punished is unknown to us.他受懲罰的原因我們都不知道。

I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.我不知道他今天為什么看上去不愉快。

注意：關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句經(jīng)?？梢杂谩敖樵~+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句來(lái)表示。如：

From the years when / in which he was going to primary school in the country he had known what he wanted to be when he grew up.自從他在農(nóng)村讀小學(xué)時(shí)，他就已經(jīng)知道長(zhǎng)大后要做什么。

Great changes are taking place in the city where / in which they live.他們生活的城市正發(fā)生巨大的變化。

The reason why / for which he refused the invitation is quite clear.他為什么拒絕接受邀請(qǐng)的原因是十分明了的。

（五）限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句

限制性定語(yǔ)從句

非限制性定語(yǔ)從句

形式上

不用逗號(hào)“，”與主句隔開(kāi)。

用逗號(hào)“，”與主句隔開(kāi)。

意義上

是先行詞不可缺少的定語(yǔ)，如刪除，主句則失去意義或意思表達(dá)不完整。

只是對(duì)先行詞的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，如刪除，主句仍能表達(dá)完整的意思。

譯法上

譯成先行詞的定語(yǔ)：“．．．的”

通常譯成主句的并列句。

關(guān)系詞的使用上

A．作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略

A．不可省略

B．可用that

B．不用that

C．可用who 代替whom

C．不可用who 代替whom 6

限制性定語(yǔ)從句舉例：

The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on.老師告訴我說(shuō)湯姆是我唯一的可以依靠的人。

China is a country which has a long history.中國(guó)是一個(gè)歷史悠久的國(guó)家。

In the street I saw a man who was from Africa.在街上我看到一個(gè)來(lái)自非洲的人。

非限制性定語(yǔ)從句舉例 ：

His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.他媽媽十分地愛(ài)他，對(duì)他要求很?chē)?yán)格。

China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful.中國(guó)是1949年成立的，現(xiàn)在正變得越來(lái)越強(qiáng)大。

Last summer I visited the People’s Great Hall, in which many important meetings are held every year.去年夏天，我參觀了人民大會(huì)堂，在那兒每年都要舉行許多重要會(huì)議。

注意區(qū)分下列幾組句子的不同含義：

1.Her brother who is now a soldier always encourages her to go to college.她那當(dāng)兵的哥哥總是鼓勵(lì)她上大學(xué)。（意含： 她還有其他哥哥。）

Her brother, who is now a soldier, always encourages her to go to college.她哥哥是當(dāng)兵的，他總是鼓勵(lì)她上大學(xué)。（意含：她只有一個(gè)哥哥。）

2.All the books that have pictures in them are well written.所有里面帶插圖的書(shū)都寫(xiě)得很好。（意含： 不帶插圖的書(shū)則不一定寫(xiě)得好。）

All the books, which have pictures in them, are well written.所有的書(shū)都帶插圖，這些書(shū)都寫(xiě)得很好。（意含：沒(méi)有不帶插圖的書(shū)。）

（一）限制性定語(yǔ)從句中只能用that 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的情況

1．當(dāng)先行詞是everything, anything, nothing(something 除外), all, none, few, little, some等代詞時(shí)，或當(dāng)先行詞受every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等代詞修 7 飾時(shí)。如：

Have you taken down everything that Mr.Li said? 李老師講的你都記下來(lái)了嗎？

There seems to be nothing that is impossible to him in the world.對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)似乎世界上沒(méi)有什么不可能的事。

All that can be done has been done.所有能做的都做好了。

There is little that I can do for you.我不能為你干什么。

He stayed in the library and looked up any information that they needed.他呆在圖書(shū)館查找所需的資料。

注意：當(dāng)先行詞指人時(shí)，偶爾也可用關(guān)系代詞who，如：

Any man that / who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing.任何有責(zé)任感的人都不會(huì)做這樣的事。

All the guests that / who were invited to her wedding were important people.所有應(yīng)邀來(lái)參加她婚禮的客人都是重要人物。

2．當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。如：

The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.在倫敦他們參觀的第一個(gè)地方是大本鐘。

3．當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。如：

This is the best film that I have ever seen.這是我看過(guò)的最好的電影。

4．當(dāng)先行詞被the very, the only修飾時(shí)。如：

This is the very dictionary that I want to buy.這正是我要買(mǎi)的詞典。

After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owns.家里發(fā)生了火災(zāi)過(guò)后，那輛舊車(chē)成了他的唯一擁有。

注意：當(dāng)先行詞指人時(shí)，偶爾也可用關(guān)系代詞who。如：

Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting.王華是我校唯一出席會(huì)議的人。

5．當(dāng)先行詞前面有who, which等疑問(wèn)代詞時(shí)。如：

Who is the man that is standing by the gate? 站在門(mén)口的那個(gè)人是誰(shuí)？

Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? 哪件T恤衫最合我的身？

6．當(dāng)先行詞為人與動(dòng)物或人與物時(shí)。如：

They talked about the persons and things that they remembered at school 他們談?wù)撝麄兯苡浧鸬脑谛r(shí)的人和事。

Look at the man and his donkey that are walking up the street.瞧瞧那個(gè)沿街走來(lái)的人和他的 毛驢。

（二）關(guān)系代詞as和which 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

as 和which 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，其用法有相同之處，也有不同之處。具體情況是：

1.as 和which都可以在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，代表前面整個(gè)句子。如：

He married her, as / which was natural.他跟她結(jié)婚了，這是很自然的事。

He is honest, as / which we can see.他很誠(chéng)實(shí)，這一點(diǎn)我們看得出來(lái)。

2.as 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句可以放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至還可以分割主句。which 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只可放在主句之后。另外，as 常常有“正如、正像”的含義。如：

As is known to all, China is a developing country.眾所周知，中國(guó)是發(fā)展中國(guó)家。

He is from the south, as we can know from his accent.他是南方人，這一點(diǎn)我們從他的口音可以知道。

John, as you know, is a famous writer.正如你所知，約翰是個(gè)著名作家。

Zhang Hua has been to Paris more than ten times, which I don’t believe.張華已去過(guò)巴黎十多次了，這一點(diǎn)我不相信。

注意：當(dāng)主句和從句之間存在著邏輯上的因果關(guān)系時(shí)，關(guān)系詞往往只用which。如：

Tom was late for school again and again, which made his teacher very angry.湯姆老是遲到，這使得老師很惱火。

These tables are made of metal, which made them very heavy.這些桌子是金屬的，這使得這些桌子很重。

1.當(dāng)先行詞受such, the same 修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系詞常用as。如：

I’ve never heard such stories as he tells.我從未聽(tīng)過(guò)象他講的這樣的故事。

He is not such a fool as he looks.他可不象他看上去的那樣傻。

This is the same dictionary as I lost last week.這部詞典跟我上星期丟失的一樣。

注意：當(dāng)先行詞受the same 修飾時(shí)，偶爾也用 that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，但與as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句意思有區(qū)別。如：

She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding.她穿著她在瑪麗婚禮上穿過(guò)的同一條連衣裙。

She wore the same dress as her younger sister wore.她穿著跟她妹妹所穿的一樣的連衣裙。

(三)以the way為先行詞的限制性定語(yǔ)從句通常由in which或that引導(dǎo)，而且通常可以省略。如：

The way(that / in which)he answered the questions was surprising.他回答這些問(wèn)題的方式令人驚奇。

I don’t like the way(that / in which)you laugh at her.我不喜歡你沖她的樣子。

（四）關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞的選擇

用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句主要看關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中的作用（即所擔(dān)當(dāng)?shù)某煞郑?。試比較：

A.I know a place where we can have a picnic.我知道一個(gè)我們可以野炊的地方。

I know a place which / that is famous for its beautiful natural scenery.我知道一個(gè)以自然景色優(yōu)美而聞名的地方。

B.I will never forget the days when we spent our holidays together.我永遠(yuǎn)忘不了我們一起度假的日子。

I will never forget the days that / which we spent together.我永遠(yuǎn)忘不了我們一起度過(guò)的日子。

C.This is the reason why he was dismissed.這就是他被解雇的原因。

This is the reason that / which he explained to me for his not attending the meeting.這就是他向我解釋的他沒(méi)有參加會(huì)議的原因。

（五）but 有時(shí)也用作關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。如：

There are very few but admire his talents.很少有人不贊賞他的才干的。（but = who don’t）

（六）定語(yǔ)從句與同位語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別

1．定語(yǔ)從句修飾限定先行詞，它與先行詞是修飾關(guān)系；同位語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明先行詞的具體內(nèi)容，它與先行詞是同位關(guān)系。

The plane that has just taken off is for Paris.（定語(yǔ)從句）剛剛起飛的那架飛機(jī)是開(kāi)往巴黎的。

The fact that he has already died is quite clear.（同位語(yǔ)從句）他已經(jīng)去世了，這個(gè)事實(shí)很明了。

2．定語(yǔ)從句由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)，關(guān)系詞在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)相應(yīng)的句子成分，關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)經(jīng)?？墒÷?。同位語(yǔ)從句主要由連詞that 引導(dǎo)，在從句中一般不擔(dān)當(dāng)成分；有時(shí)也由where, when, how, who, whether, what 等連詞引導(dǎo)，這些連詞則在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)成分。

The news that he told me is true.（定語(yǔ)從句）他告訴我的消息是真的。

The news that he has just died is true.（同位語(yǔ)從句）他剛剛?cè)ナ懒耍@個(gè)消息是真的。

The problem that we are facing now is how we can collect so much money.(定語(yǔ)從句)我們現(xiàn)在面臨的問(wèn)題是如何籌集這么多資金。

The problem how we can collect so much money is difficult to solve.（同位語(yǔ)從句）我們?nèi)绾位I集這么多資金，這個(gè)問(wèn)題很難解決。

The question that he raised puzzled all of us.（定語(yǔ)從句）他提出的問(wèn)題讓我們很為難。

The question whether he is sure to win the game is hard to answer.（同位語(yǔ)從句）他是否一定會(huì)贏得那場(chǎng)比賽，這個(gè)問(wèn)題很難回答。

3．同位語(yǔ)從句與先行詞一般可以用動(dòng)詞be發(fā)展成一個(gè)完整的句子, 而定語(yǔ)從句則不能。如：

A.The idea that he we could ask the teacher for advice is wonderful.（同位語(yǔ)從句）我們可以向老師請(qǐng)教，這個(gè)主意不錯(cuò)。

The idea was that we could ask the teacher for advice.B.The fact that the earth moves around the sun is known to all.（同位語(yǔ)從句）地球圍繞太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)，這個(gè)事實(shí)人人皆知。

The fact is that the earth moves around the sun.C.Pay attention to the problem how we can protect the wild animals.（同位語(yǔ)從句）請(qǐng)注意如何保護(hù)野生動(dòng)物這個(gè)問(wèn)題。

The problem is how we can protect the wild animals.1.This is the train ____ we went to Shanghai.A.by which B.by that C.whose D.where 2.--Have you ever been to Rome?--No, but that's the city________.A.where I most like to visit B.I'd most like to visit C.which I like to visit most D.where I'd like most to visit 3.He keeps a record of everything

he had seen there.A.he

B.that

C.which

D.what 4.Mr.John said that Suzhou was the first city

he had visited in China.A.that

B.where

C.which

D.what 5.The TV play I watched last night is the best one I have watched this year.A.which

B.what

C.whose

D.that 6.Is this the museum

you visited the other day? A.that

B.where

C.in which

D.the one 7.This is the very film

I've long wished to see.A.which

B.that

C.who

D.whom 8.There is no difficulty

can't be overcome in the world.A.that

B.which

C.who

D.what 9.Who is the person

is standing at the gate of Beijing Tourism Tower? A.who

B.that

C.which

D.whom 10.As a teacher, I seldom give my students so difficult a problem ______they can not work out.A.that B.if C.in order that D.as 11.The house

the capitalist used to live in is now a nursery.A.that

B.where

C.what

D.when 12.This is the last time

I shall come here to help you.12 A.that

B.which

C.when

D.what 13.My neighbors used to give me a hand in time of trouble, was very kind of them.A.who

B.that

C.which

D.whom 14.I now know why Mao impresses everyone who meets him the way

he does.A.which

B.what

C.／

D.now 15.This is the baby

tomorrow.A.after whom I shall look B.whom I shall look after C.whose I shall look after D.after whom I shall look after 16.She was no longer the woman

she was.A.that

B.which

C.what

D.who 17.That's the hotel

last year.A.which we stayed B.at that we stayed C.Where we stayed at D.where we stayed 18.The doctor did all to save the wounded boy.A.what he could B.he could C.everything which he could D.for which he could do 19.Anyone

this opinion may speak out.A.that againsts B.that against C.who is against D.who are against 20.The place

you are standing used to be an old church.A.which

B.where

C.that

D.when 21.You've made the same mistake

you made last time.A.as

B.like

C.which

D.that 22.It is not such an interesting magazine

I thought.A.as

B.that

C.which

D.／ 23.you know, he is a famous musician.A.As

B.which

C.That

D.／

24.Mr Zhou，native language was Chinese, could read and write several foreign languages.A.whose

B.his

C.which

D.that 25.I took my friend to the Summer Palace，we had some photos taken.A.where

B.which

C.that

D.／

26.Do you remember the day your sister was graduated as a Master of Arts? A.which B.on which C.about which

D.／ 27.The bus，was already full, was surrounded by an angry crowd.A.which of most

B.most of which C.which of the most D.most of that 28.We all remember the days we studied together at school.A.which B.that C.when D.／

29.Do you know the reason

he didn't come? A.that

B.which

C.for

D.why 30.He is the only one of the three

got the new idea.A.who have B.whom have C.who has D.whose had 31.I'm one of the students well in English in my class.A.who does

B.who do

C.which does

D.who did 13 32．-Have you read the books?-Yes, I’ve read all the books _____ you gave me.A.which B.what C.that D.who 33.This is the very place _____ the anti-Japanese soldiers fought over sixty years ago.A.that B.which C.where D.there 34.That young girl is not the one _____ she used to be.A.that B.who C.whom D.what 35.He has four dogs, the biggest _____ is called Wang Wang.A.that B.about which C.of which D.which 36.The old lady had one son and two daughters, _____ treated her well, ____ made her very sad.A.all of them;which B.none of whom;which C.both of whom;which D.neither of whom;that 37.The hard-working farmers and their happy life_____ we saw in the countryside made a wonderful impression on us.A.whom B.who C.which D./ 38.The young fellow standing under the tree, ____ is good at English, is from Beijing.A.who B.which C.when D.that 39.We visited the factory _____ makes toys for children.A.where B.which C.in which D.at which 40.They said that the host had enough glasses for each guest, _____ were handed down from his grandfather.A.who B.that C.which D.whose 41.The Chinese government has decided to develop the west of China,____, I dare say, will benefit the people there, especially those who are still leading a poor life.A.what B.whatever C.which D.that 42.The reason ____ she gives for not coming to the party is that her mother won’t let her.A.what B.why C.as D./ 43．Mr.Green drove his car slowly until it came to the freeway _______ the speed limit was 60 miles an hour.A.which B.where C.that D.when 44.I shall never forget those days ____ I spent in the army with the soldiers, _____ has a great effect on my life.A.that;which B.when;which C.when;that D.which;that 45.They moved on to the north tip of the area, _____ it was blowing hard and snowing.A.when B.so that C.which D.where 46.The day will come _____ people all over the world will win independence.A.that B.where C.how D.when 47.America had more than fifty states, ______, Kentucky, is the place ______ Abraham Lincoln was born.14 A.one of them;where B.one of which;whose C.one of them;which D.one of which;which 48.I don’t like the way ____ he looks at me.A.in that B.which C.of which D./ 49.Don’t call me between 12 o’clock and 1 o’ clock, _____ I am usually having lunch.A.during which time B.at which C.by which time D.by which 50.In the past, Germany was divided into several states, _____ Prussia was the most important and powerful.A.of which B.about which C.in which D.from which 51.Mr.Green questioned his son, ____ he learned how he could play with it.A.who B.of whom C.from whom D.that 52.She hasn’t got enough money ___ she can buy the ring.A.which B.that C.with which D.for which 53.We came to a place _____ they had never paid a visit before.A.which B.that C.to which D.at where 54.He is a man with rich experience, from ____ much can be learned.A.whom B.which C.where D.what 55.That is one of those books that____ worth reading.A.is B.have C.has D.are 56.I’ll take you to a newly-opened market ____ you may get all ____ you need.A.which;that B.where;that C.in which;which D.where;what 57.I, ____ your friend, will try my best to help you.A.that is B.which am C.it is D.who am 58.The old lady, ____ had been killed in the war, was given help by the local government.A.all her children B.all of her children C.whose all children D.all of whose children 59.On the bus I saw a student ____ I thought was your brother.A.who B.whom C.which D.whoever 60.She will never forget September 1, _____ she had her first history lesson as a teacher.A.which B.when C.on which D.both A and B 61.Alec asked the policeman ______ he worked to contact him whenever there was an accident.A.with him B.who C.with whom D.whom 62.The paper ______ bamboo is made is especially fine.A.which B.into which C.of which D.from which 63.The result is not the same _______they had expected, ________ was rather disappointing.A.which;as B.as;that C.that;which D.as;which 64.The famous basketball star, ______ tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention.15 A.where B.when C.which D.who 65.“Who moved my cheese?”, ______ is a best-selling book, is written by Spencer Johnson.A.which B.that C.it D.what 65.Beijing government puts more than 700 million Yuan to increase its green space this year, ______ doubles the money provided last year.A.as B.while C.that D.which 66.Hellen is much more kind to the youngest child than to the others, ______ of course, makes the others unhappy.A.who B.which C.she D.that 67.The wrong you have done to him is terrible, for______ you should make an apology to him, I think.A.this B.which C.what D.that 68.The old lady, ______ had been killed in the war, was given help by the local government.A.all her children B.all of her children C.all of whose children D.whose all children 69.The most favorite room is the tidy study with a firepalce, _______we can watch TV and enjoy the nice scenery outside.A.where B.when C.that D.which 70.On the third floor there are two rooms, _______is used as a meeting room.A.one of them B.the larger of which C.the larger one of that D.the largest of which 71.Carol said that the work would be well done by the end of October, _______personally I wondered completely.A.which B.at which C.in which D.about which 72.That passenger was very impolite to the conductor, _______of course, made things even worse.A.who B.whom C.what D.which 73.Another unmanned spacecraft ”Shenzhou”, _______china greets the 21st century, marks new progress in the century's space program.A.for which B.from which C.in which D.with which 74.We were next-door neighbors for three years, during _____time we met only twice.A.which B.this C.that D.same 75.The British are not so familiar with different cultures and ways of doing things, ______is often the case in other countries.A.that B.so C.what D.as 76.The boy likes music and English, besides, _______is extremely good.A.each of which B.but neither of which C.neither of them D.each of them 77.The artist _______ the judge gave a prize is the teacher ______ i have been taught painting for two years.A.from whom;by whom B.to whom;who C.from whom;who D.to whom;by whom 16 78.--When is your husband's birthday?--The same day of my birthday, ______ I can't forget.A.that B.when C.which D.it 79.On the bus I saw a student ______I thought was your brother.A.who B.whom C.which D.it 80.Living in the central Australian desert has its problems, ______getting water is not the least.A.as B.for what C.of which D.whose 81.Delia's going to join us, ______was agreed on the day before yesterday.A.it B.that C.what D.as 82.You can use a large plastic bottle, _______cut off, as a pot to grow flowers in.A.the top is B.with its top C.whose top D.the top of which 83.--Whose overcoat is it?--Maybe it's Julia's.She likes to wear, ______ was very uncommon is this small country, a bright red overcoat.A.what B.which C.it D.that 84.The hours ______ the children spend in their one way relationship with television people undoubtedly affect their relationship with real-life people.A.that B.when C.in which D.on which 85.Edison made a lot of inventions, _______of great importance.A.which, I think are B.which, I think they are C.which, I think they D.I think, which are 86.--Do you have anything in mind _______you'd like for supper?--Well, ______ is okay with me.A.that;anything B.which;everything C.what;whatever D.where;something 87.Beijing was attacked by such a terrible sandstorm _______few citizens had ever experienced before.A.and it was B.as C.that D.which 88.--Is this factory ______ the false wine was made?--Yes.And also the one ______used to sell forged(偽造)cigarettes.A.the one;where B.that;that C.what;which D.where;what 89.The general at last got a chance to visit the village,_______he used to fight,_______he had been dreaming of for years.A.that;which B.where;that C.in which;what D.where;which 90.--Why am I so slow at doing the close test?--I guess you didn't realize the use ______ the contexts.A.you should have made of B.you must have made from C.of which you could have from D.out of which you need make 17

第四篇：定語(yǔ)從句講解及練習(xí)

定語(yǔ)從句講解及練習(xí)

一、定義：在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語(yǔ)從句。如：1)The man who lives next to us is a policeman.2)You must do everything that I do.上面兩句中的man和everything是定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的詞，叫先行詞，定語(yǔ)從句放在先行詞的后面。* 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞有關(guān)系代詞that, which, who(賓格whom, 所有格whose)和關(guān)系副詞where, when、why * 關(guān)系詞常有三個(gè)作用：

1、引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句

2、代替先行詞

3、在定語(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)成分

二、關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句 * 1.who指人，在從句中做主語(yǔ)(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.(2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.* 2.whom指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)，常可省略。(1)Mr.Liu is the person(whom)you talked about.注意：關(guān)系代詞whom在口語(yǔ)和非正式語(yǔ)體中常用who代替，可省略。(2)The man(who/whom)you met just now is my friend.* 3.which指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ)，做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略(1)Football is a game which is liked by most boys.(which 在句子中做主語(yǔ))(2)This is the pen(which)he bought yesterday.(which 在句子中做賓語(yǔ))* 4.that指人時(shí)，相當(dāng)于who或者whom；指物時(shí)，相當(dāng)于which，在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ)，做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略。(1)The people that/who come to visit the city are all here.(在句子中做主語(yǔ))(2)Where is the man（that/whom）I saw this morning?(在句子中做賓語(yǔ))* 5.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中做定語(yǔ)(1)He has a friend whose father is a doctor.(2)I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.whose指物時(shí)，常用以下結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)代替(3)The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.(4)Do you like the book whose color is yellow? =Do you like the book the color of which is yellow? * 具體使用時(shí)還要注意下列問(wèn)題：

1、只能使用that,不用which 的情況：

* 1）當(dāng)先行詞是：all , any , anything , everything , nothing或被它們修飾

時(shí)。Is there anything that I can do for you ? 有什么可以為你做的嗎？

All that can be done must be done.凡是能做的都必須做。* 2）當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞的最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。例如： That is one of the most interesting books that are sold in the bookshop.那是這家書(shū)店出售的最有趣的書(shū)之一。

The first thing that we should do is to get some food.我們?cè)撟龅牡谝患率桥c(diǎn)吃的。

* 3）當(dāng)先行詞有：the only , the very , the same , the last 等修飾時(shí)。例如： My necklace is not the only thing that's missing.我的項(xiàng)鏈不僅是丟掉的東西。* 4）當(dāng)主句以who或which開(kāi)頭時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句中引導(dǎo)詞用that ,不用which 或 who，以避免重復(fù)。例如： Who is the girl that is wearing a red coat ? 正穿一件紅色外套的女孩子是誰(shuí)？ * 5）當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)，用that。例如： The writer and his novel that you have just talked about are really well known.你剛才談起的那位作家以及他的小說(shuō)確實(shí)很著名。

2、只用which不用that的情況： * 1)關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí)； e.g.This is the room in which Lu Xun lived.* 2)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中；作賓語(yǔ)用的關(guān)系代詞也不能省略。e.g.That necklace, which you gave me as a present, was lost yesterday.He has a daughter, who works in a hospital.* 3)先行詞本身是that時(shí)；

e.g.The clock is that which tells the time 非限定性定語(yǔ)從句的作用是對(duì)所修飾的成分作進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明，通常是引導(dǎo)詞和先行詞之間用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，將從句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立。Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.查理史密斯去年退休了，他曾經(jīng)是我的老師。（非限)There is somebody here who wants to speak to you這里有人要和你說(shuō)話(限制性)* 4)which還有一種特殊用法，它可以引導(dǎo)從句修飾前面的整個(gè)主句，代替主句所表示的整體概念或部分概念。在這種從句中，which可以作主語(yǔ)，也可以作賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)，多數(shù)情況下意思是與and this 相似，并可以指人。

He did very well in the competition, which made his parents very happy.* 關(guān)系代詞 whom，which 在定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以和介詞一起放于先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句之間，有時(shí)為了關(guān)系緊湊也可以將 whom 與 which 與先行詞緊挨著書(shū)寫(xiě)，的工廠。(引導(dǎo)詞that作定語(yǔ)從句“(that)they visited last month”的賓語(yǔ)，that可以省略)

* 注意：不要以為在時(shí)間名詞后就一定用關(guān)系副詞when，在地點(diǎn)名詞后就一定用關(guān)系而將介詞置于定語(yǔ)從句的后面，That was the room in which we had lived for ten years.= That was the room which we had lived in for ten years.* 像listen to, look at, take care of等固定短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，在定語(yǔ)從句中一般不宜將介詞與動(dòng)詞分開(kāi)。例如：This is the boy whom she has taken care of.三、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

*

1、when：當(dāng)主句中的先行詞(即主句中被后面定語(yǔ)從句修飾的詞)是表示時(shí)間意義的名詞時(shí)，它只能作定語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，放在定語(yǔ)從句句首。如果定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞是作該定語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，則要改用關(guān)系代詞that或which來(lái)引導(dǎo)。例如：

I’ll never forget the time when we worked on the farm.He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.The days when we used foreign oil are gone.我們用洋油的日子一去不復(fù)返了。I'll never forget the day when I was born.(=I'll never forget my birthday.)我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我出生的日子。

It happened in November when the weather was wet and cold.這事發(fā)生在天氣又濕又冷的十一月。

The day(that)I always remember in all my life is my birthday.我一生中最難忘的日子是我的生日。(that作定語(yǔ)從句“that I always remember in all my life”的賓語(yǔ)，that可以省略)*

2、where：當(dāng)主句中的先行詞是表示地點(diǎn)意義的名詞時(shí)，它只能作其所在的定語(yǔ)從句的地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，放在定語(yǔ)從句的句首。如果定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞作該定語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，也要改用關(guān)系代詞that或which來(lái)引導(dǎo)。例如：

The factory where his father works is in the east of the city This is the room where(＝in which)I lived last year.這就是我去年住過(guò)的房間。

Is this the classroom where(=in which)the old worker is going to make/give us a report? 這就是那位老工人要給我們做報(bào)告的教室嗎？

Let's look for a place where we can swim.咱們找一個(gè)可以游泳的地方吧。The building that is being built over there will be a new hospital.正在那邊建的樓房將是一家新醫(yī)院。(引導(dǎo)詞that作定語(yǔ)從句“that is being built over there”的主語(yǔ))That is the factory(that)they visited last month.那就是他們上個(gè)月參觀過(guò)

副詞 where，在表示原因的the reason后就一定用關(guān)系副詞why。到底選用關(guān)系副詞還是關(guān)系代詞，關(guān)鍵是看它們?cè)趶木渲惺怯米鳡钫Z(yǔ)(用關(guān)系副詞)還是用作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)(用關(guān)系代詞)。

如：Don’t forget the time(that)I’ve told you.不要忘記我告訴你的時(shí)間。(that用作told的賓語(yǔ))

I’ll never forget the days when I worked with you.我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我與你共事的日子。(when用作狀語(yǔ))

He works in a factory that /which makes radio parts.他在一家制造無(wú)線電零件的工廠工作。(that/ which 在從句中用作主語(yǔ)，且不能省略)

He works in the factory where his father worked.他在他父親工作過(guò)的那家工廠工作。(where作狀語(yǔ))

That’s the reason(that /which)he explained to us.那就是他向我們解釋的理由。(that或which在從句中用作explained的賓語(yǔ))

That’s the reason why she left home.那就是她離家出走的原因。(why在從句中作狀語(yǔ))

* 英語(yǔ)中的關(guān)系副詞主要是 when, where, why三個(gè)，不要想當(dāng)然地將how用作關(guān)系副詞修飾the way。

如不說(shuō) This is the way how he spoke，可改為 This is how he spoke(how引導(dǎo)的是表語(yǔ)從句)，當(dāng)然也可說(shuō)成 This is the way(that/ in which)he spoke.(其中的that/ in which可省略)

* 另外，when和where可引導(dǎo)限制性和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，而why則只用于引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，不用于引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。

Sunday is a holiday , when people do not go to work.星期天是假日，（這天）人們不上班。

He took us into the classroom , where there were only a few students.他把我們帶進(jìn)教室，那兒只有少數(shù)幾個(gè)學(xué)生。

* 在定語(yǔ)從句的使用中，one of后面的名詞是復(fù)數(shù)，這個(gè)復(fù)數(shù)名詞制約后面的定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，用復(fù)數(shù)； 而在one of 前面有the或 the only時(shí)，后面引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則用單數(shù)形式。

He is the only one of the students who is elected?

Jasper is one of those people who know about the accident.定 語(yǔ) 從 句 練習(xí)

一、用關(guān)系代詞填空：that、which、who、whom、whose 1.This is the man ________ wants to see you.2.The student ___________ answered the question is Zhang Hua.3.The man __________ you went to see has come.4.The man ___________I met yesterday lent me some money.5.The woman _______________ you saw is our geography teacher.6.The runner ________________ you are asking about is over there.7.The person ______________ you should write to is Mr.Ball.8.The man ___________was passing by saw what happened.9.Here is the pen _________ you lost the day before yesterday.10.These books _____________ you lent me were very useful.11.The storybook ____________ I have just read cannot be easily forgotten.12.A clock is a machine ______ tells people the time.13.This is shirt _______________I bought yesterday.14.A dictionary is a book _____________ gives the meaning to the word.15.The book ____________ is on the table is mine.16.The film ____________ they are talking about is very interesting.17.I will never forget the people and the places _____ I have ever visited.18.Is there anyone ____________ family is in Beijing? 19.Show me the boy ______________ mother is a well-known singer.20.The boy______ father is a teacher is good at English.二、單項(xiàng)選擇

()1.Your teacher of Chinese is a young lady____ comes from Beijing.A.who B.which C.whom D.whose()2.What’s the name of the program________.A.which are listening B.you are listening to C.to that you are listening D.that you are listening()3.The students were all interested ____ you told them yesterday.A.in which B.in that this C.all that D.in everything()4.He was the only person in his office______ was invited.A.whom B.whose C.that D.which()5.This is the museum______ we visited last year.A.where B.in which C.which D.in that()6.Charlie told his mother all____ had happened.A.that B.what C.which D.who()7.Do you know the student_____? A.whom I often talk B.with who I often talk

C.I often talk with D.that I often talk()8.I like the house_____ windows face south.A.whose B.who’s

C.it's D.its()9.Would you tell me where to get the dictionary _____?

A.what I need B.I need C.which I need it D.that I need it()10.The young woman_____ I spoke just now is a young doctor.A.who B.to whom C.whom D.that（）

11、Is this the factory __________ you visited the other day?

A.that

B.where

C.in which

D.the one（）

12、Is this factory __________ some foreign friends visited last Friday?

A.that

B.where

C.which

D.the one（）

13、Is this the factory __________ he worked ten years ago?

A.that

B.where

C.which

D.the one（）

14、Mr.Herpin is one of the foreign experts who ______ in China.A.works B.is working C.are working D.has been working（）

15、Those __________ not only from books but also through practice will succeed.A.learn

B.who

C.that learns D.who learn（）

16、We’re talking about the piano and the pianist __________ were in the concert we attended last night.A.which

B.whom

C.who

D.that

（）

17、He failed in the examination, __________ made his father very angry.A.which

B.it

C.that

D.what

第五篇：定語(yǔ)從句講解和練習(xí)

定 語(yǔ) 從 句

在復(fù)合句中作定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。它的作用相當(dāng)于形容詞, 用來(lái)修飾主句中的某一個(gè)名詞或代詞或整個(gè)主句，所以也稱(chēng)之為形容詞性從句。引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞, 關(guān)系詞除起連接作用外還在句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一定的句子成分.被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的詞叫先行詞。根據(jù)關(guān)系詞在從句中充當(dāng)成分的不同,關(guān)系詞可分為

關(guān)系代詞: who, whom(people), which(things), that, whose 關(guān)系副詞: when, where, why。

Who 指人, 在從句中作主語(yǔ)

e.g.Your friend who studies in the college came to see you yesterday.This is the man who helped me.Whom 指人, 在從句中作動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語(yǔ) e.g.The man whom you want to see has come.The doctor whom you are looking for is in the room.注：whom 通常被省略或用who/that 替換。常用于非限制性定于從句。Which 指物, 在從句中作主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)，Which 在作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略。e.g.Here is the book which tells about grammar.I have found the car which you lost yesterday.有時(shí)候，定語(yǔ)從句指的不是它前面的名詞，而是整個(gè)句子 e.g.He showed me a photo which upset me.He tore up my photo, which upset me.正確使用關(guān)系代詞, a.關(guān)系代詞前要有名詞(代詞)b.關(guān)系代詞在所引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中要充當(dāng)主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ) c.否則,關(guān)系代詞前要接介詞, 該介詞可移至句尾.e.g.He is a man whom I enjoy working with.Whom 前有名詞, whom是賓格, 在從句中作賓語(yǔ)。Enjoy 後的動(dòng)名詞working是由不及物 動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化Whom 不能直接作賓語(yǔ), 所以要加介詞。e.g.He is a man for/ with whom I enjoy working.For 可移至句尾：e.g.He is a man whom I enjoy working with/ for.Whom/ which 作介詞后作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)不能省略.限定性定語(yǔ)從句與非限定性定語(yǔ)從句

非限定性定語(yǔ)從句用于對(duì)主句先行詞的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，沒(méi)有它不影響主句意思的完整，常用逗號(hào)把主句和從句分開(kāi)。從句中作賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞不能省略。

e.g.We were given a lovely double room, which had a sea view.I, who am blind, advise you to use your eyes well.專(zhuān)有名詞, 如: John, Peter, Beijing 獨(dú)一性名詞, 如: my father/mother, my school 被定語(yǔ)從句修飾時(shí), 由于本身具有特殊性,不需被定語(yǔ)從句加以限定。e.g.I like John, who works hard.I like my school, which is famous.限定性定語(yǔ)從句用于對(duì)主句先行詞加以限制或分類(lèi)，是句中不可缺少的組成部分，主句和從句之間不能用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)。

普通名詞不具有特殊性,定語(yǔ)從句為先行詞不可缺少的定語(yǔ),省

去了則主句的意思就會(huì)不完整.從句前不可加逗號(hào).e.g.I like the boy who studies hard.Is this the book which you were looking for.作關(guān)系代詞的 that 的用法: that 可以代替who, whom, which, 可指人,物，在從句中作主語(yǔ), 賓語(yǔ), 表語(yǔ)。e.g.Who is the man that is reading the newspaper.He is the man(whom/ that)I can trust.The letter(that /which)I received was from my father.注：作表語(yǔ)表身份時(shí)只能用that: e.g.He is not the man(who ×)that he was ten years ago.He is not the happy boy that he used to be.The teacher that you are should know how to teach grammar.在限制性定于從句中，用that替換其他關(guān)系代詞who, whom, which 應(yīng)注意: 1.其前不可置介詞

2.其前不可有逗點(diǎn)(不可用于非限定性定語(yǔ)從句)e.g.The earth on which we live is a big ball.The earth that / which we live on is a big ball.由that 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

1.先行詞為不定代詞：all/ both/ neither/ none/ either/ each/ other/ others/ another/ much/ many/ few/ little/ one/ some/ anything/ nothing/everything等 e.g.All that we can do is to believe her.Is there anything that I can do for you.Much you have read is nonsense.2.先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí), 序數(shù)詞, 修飾時(shí)

e.g.The first lesson that he gave was interesting.It is the most beautiful park that I have ever been to.This is the best that can be done now.3.先行詞被不定代詞all, every, no, some, any, little, few, much, each等, 和the only, the very, the same, the last修飾時(shí) e.g.This is the very dictionary that I want.The only thing that we could do was to wait.You may borrow any book that interest you.I have read all the books(that)you gave me.4.先行詞為數(shù)詞時(shí)

e.g.I caught two fish yesterday.Now you can see the two that are still alive.5.先行詞既有人又有物

e.g.The writer and his novel that you have just talked about are well known.6.如果有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句, 應(yīng)避免重復(fù)

e.g.The student that was punished is the monitor who studies hard.He built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.7.當(dāng)句中已有who/ which時(shí),定語(yǔ)從句要用that 而不用who(m)/ which e.g.Who is the person that is standing at the gate.Who is the man that is reading the newspaper? Which of us that knows something about physics does not know this.Of whom/which, etc.名詞和不定代詞(some, any, none, all, both, several, enough, many and few)可以和 of whom/ of which 連用

e.g.It’s a family of eight children, all of whom are studying music.He has written a book, the name of which I have forgotten.We’ve tested these boots, none of which is completely waterproof.這種結(jié)構(gòu)也可以和表數(shù)量（quantity）和最高級(jí)（the superlatives）連用 e.g.a number of whom/three of which/half of which The majority of whom/the youngest of whom Of whom/which 在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，有以下兩種結(jié)構(gòu)

e.g.Do you see the house the windows of which are all broken?(of which the windows)The eighty passengers, ten of whom were British, all escaped.(of whom ten)

定語(yǔ)從句和不定式

介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞 可以和不定式連用

e.g.We moved to the country so the children would have a garden in which to play.沒(méi)有介詞，不能用這種結(jié)構(gòu) I can’t think of anybody whom to invite.即使有介詞，這種結(jié)構(gòu)也非常正式和不常見(jiàn)的，我們常用更簡(jiǎn)單的結(jié)構(gòu)。(?a garden to play in;?neighbours to quarrel with).Which as determiner 有時(shí)用抽象名詞(case, point, reason, situation, time等)來(lái)總結(jié)主句的內(nèi)容時(shí)，which 可以用作限定詞，構(gòu)成‘介詞+which+抽象名詞’ 構(gòu)成定語(yǔ)從句。可以和名詞連用的這種結(jié)構(gòu)很正式，常用在介詞之后，對(duì)所提的事進(jìn)行不從說(shuō)明。

e.g.He may be late, in which case we ought to wait for him.He lost his temper, at which point I decided to go home.Ten years of hard work changed her greatly, for which reason he could hardly recognize her at first sight.It rained all night, during which time the ship broke in pieces.Whose 為關(guān)系代詞所有格, 由his/ her/ their/ my/ your/ its 等所有格變化而成.在引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ),可指人/物

e.g.This is John, whose father is a teacher.People whose home are in town want to live in the country.使用whose時(shí)要遵守下列原則

1.whose之前要有名詞

2.whose之后的名詞在從句中要做主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ) 3.否則, whose 之前要有介詞,介詞可移至句尾 e.g.I like John, whose father I don’t like.I like John, whose brother I want to make friends with.可用 the...of which/ of which...the 替換

e.g.I don’t like the building whose roof is blue.I don’t like the building the roof of which is blue.I don’t like the building of which the roof is blue.Of which除可以表示所屬關(guān)系外，還可用來(lái)表示整體和部分的關(guān)系，而whose 不能。e.g.He borrowed a book of which the author was a peasant.The Chinese team got 16 gold medals, of which 12 were won by women.What 關(guān)系代詞 that 指代其前面的名詞，重復(fù)其語(yǔ)義.what 不是重復(fù)前面名詞，而是包括名詞的語(yǔ)義what = the things that?

e.g.I gave her just the money she needed.I gave her just what she needed.The thing that I’d like is a digital watch.What I’d like is a digital watch.As 關(guān)系代詞,常用在 the same...as/ such...as/ as...as 句型中 The same...as e.g.(主)He is the same person as come here yesterday.(賓)I have the same book as he is reading.(表)He is not the same man as he used to be.Such...as e.g.He is not such a man as will tell a lie.He is not such a bad man as you just talked about.Such a good student as he is will succeed.As...as e.g.He has as much money as is required.I have as many books as you(do).He is as good a student as Mary(is).Such...as引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句/such...that結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句

e.g.They talked in such simple English as children could understand.They talked in such simple English that children could understand it.I will provide you with such things as you may need.He shut the window with such a force that the glass broke.The same...as 兩物相似/the same...that描述的是同一物 e.g.This is the same bag as I lost yesterday.This is the same bag that I lost yesterday.As引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，代表主句或主句的一部分所表達(dá)的意思（通常不能指代某個(gè)名詞或代詞），可以放在主句前、后或中間，在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)，表示 ‘正如.../ 正像...’ A主語(yǔ)

e.g.As be said(announced, reported, known, seen, mentioned)As was reported on TV, the plane crashed.B賓語(yǔ) e.g.As we know/as we all can see...C表語(yǔ) e.g.As he is, he seems clever.which 引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句一般不能放在主句前，而as 引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句可放在句未，也可放在句中、句首。在句首時(shí)不能用which 替換。e.g.Crusoe lost his dog, which made him very sad Taiwan is part of China, as/which is known to all.As we have seen, oceans cover more than 70 percent of the earth.3.as引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，意為“這一點(diǎn)、這件事”，常與 see，hope，expect，know，guess等動(dòng)詞搭配；which引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句與主句有一種因果關(guān)系，可譯為“所以??”。e.g.Cyprus, as you all know, is in the Mediterranean.Bamboo is hollow, which makes it very light.非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是連系動(dòng)詞時(shí)，可以用as/which作主語(yǔ)。如果從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 是行為動(dòng)詞，則必須用which。

e.g.He married her, as was natural.She refused to take the medicine, which made her mother angry.It rained hard yesterday, which prevented her from going to Shenyang.He is absent, as is often the case.But 的用法

But本身具有否定意義，相當(dāng)于who/which/that...not But的先行詞往往是否定意義的代詞或名詞詞組，用雙重否定表強(qiáng)烈肯定 But的這一用法常見(jiàn)于在從句中作主語(yǔ)

There is no one but knows about this affair.(who doesn’t know about)There are few dictionaries but have a misprint or two.(that don’t have)

Than 的用法

用作關(guān)系代詞時(shí)，可在從句中作主語(yǔ)，其后直接接謂語(yǔ)。Don’t give him more money than is necessary.He smoked fewer cigarettes than were available.先行詞被比較級(jí)修飾,用關(guān)系代詞than連接 He did more than was required.The room is much bigger than suited my purpose.沒(méi)有明確的先行詞，有時(shí)把than看作連詞，其后省略了it。但實(shí)際使用中，than后從來(lái)不補(bǔ)上it，因?yàn)閠han本身在從句中可用作主語(yǔ)。

定 語(yǔ) 從 句 練習(xí)

用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空

1.He is the teacher usually helps us out.2.Who’s the teacher is in a red dress? 3.He is the teacher daughter won the first prize yesterday.4.I’ll tell you all he told me last month.5.I’ll tell you he told me last month.6.He talked a lot about things and persons ________they remembered in the school.7.I have bought such a watch _______ was advertised on TV.8.There are 2,000 workers here, two thirds of are women.9.we know now, bats come out only at night.10.Crousoe’s dog became ill and died, made him very lonely.單句改錯(cuò)

1.This is one of the best books which have ever been written.2.She is the girl whom I guess is a good student.3.This is the mountain which the top is always covered with snow.4.All is needed is a supply of oil.5.This is the new type of plane which parts are made in China.6.They talked about the people and things which they saw on their way to school.7.Is this museum the one which you visited last Saturday? 8.The boy with who John spoke is my brother.9.Will you please lend me the very book which you bought yesterday? 10.He lived in London for 3 years, during that time he learned some English.單項(xiàng)填空

1.The place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace.A.Which B.Where C.What D./ 2.Do you know the man _______? A.whom I spoke B.to who spoke C.I spoke to D.that I spoke 3.I have two grammars, ______are of great use.A.all of which B.either of which C.both of that D.both of which 4.He is working hard, ______will make him pass the final exam.A.that B.which C.for which D.who 5.That is the day ______I'll never forget.A.which B.on which C.in which D.when 6.The thief handed everything he had stolen to the police.A.which B.what C.whatever D.that 7.I want to use the same tools _______used in your factory a few days ago.A.as was B.which was C.as were D.which 8.This is one of the best films _______.A.that have been shown this year B.that have shown C.that has been shown this year D.that you talked 9.Can you lend me the book ______the other day? A.about which you talked B.which you talked C.about that you talked D.that you talked 10.The pen ______he is writing is mine.A.with which B.in which C.on which D.by which 11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of ______sat a small boy.A.whom B.who C.which D.that 12.--Why does she always ask you for help?--There is no one else , is there? A.who to turn to B.she can turn to C.for whom to turn D.for her to turn 13.It there anyone in your class ______family is in the country? A.who B.who's C.which D.whose 14.I'm interested in ______you have said.A.all that B.all what C.that D.which 15.I want to use the same dictionary ______was used yesterday.A.which B.who C.what D.as 16.He isn't such a man ______he used to be.A.who B.whom C.that D.as 17.The way ______he looks at problems is wrong.A.which B.whose C.what D./ 18.Li Ming, ______to the concert enjoyed it very much.A.I went with B.with whom I went C.with who I went D.I went with him 19.I lost a book, ______I can't remember now.A.whose title B.its title C.the title of it D.the title of that 20.You're the only person ______I've ever met ______could do it.A.who;/ B./;whom C.whom;/ D./;who

參考答案及解析

1.ACDBA DCAAA CBDAD DDBAD