第一篇：初三英語定語從句講解及 練習

一、定語從句的概念

定語從句的用法和精練

在復合句中,修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞,定語從句一般放在先行詞的后面。

定語從句在句子中的功能類似于一個形容詞用于修飾名詞或代詞，由于它是以句子為單位的超大號形容詞（較長），所以 一般放在被修飾的名詞或代詞的后面，而被修飾的名詞或代詞放在定語從句前，叫做先行詞。

二、定語從句的關系詞

引導定語從句的關系詞有關系代詞和關系副詞。

常見的關系代詞包括：that, which, who(賓格whom,所有格whose)等,在從句中做主、賓、表、定語等成分。常見的關系副詞包括：where, when, why等。在從句中做時間、地點、原因等狀語。關系代詞和關系副詞放在先行詞及定語從句之間起連接作用,同時又作定語從句的重要成分。

三、定語從句的分類

根據定語從句與先行詞的關系,定語從句可分為限制性定語從句及非限制性定語從句。限制性定語從句緊跟先行詞,主句與從句不用逗號分開,從句不可省去,非限制性定語從句主句與從句之間有逗號分開,起補充說明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。

四、關系代詞的用法

1.that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在從句中作主語或賓語,作主語時不可省略,作賓語可省略。例如: Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.瑪麗喜歡輕柔的音樂。(that作主語)

The coat(that)I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是藍色的。(that作賓語)

2.which用于指物,在句中作主語或賓語,作主語不可省略,作賓語可省略。例如:

The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火車站附近的那座大樓是一家超市。(作主語)

The film(which)we saw last night was wonderful.我們昨天晚上看的那部電影很好看。(作賓語)

3.who, whom用于指人,who 用作主語,whom用作賓語。在口語中,有時可用who代替whom, 也可省略。例如:

The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.經常在英語方面幫助我的那個女孩是英國人。(作主語)

Who is the teacher(whom)Li Ming is talking to? 正在與李明談話的老師是誰?(作賓語)

注意:(1)當定語從句中含有介詞,介詞放在句末時,who, that, which可省略,但介詞在關系代詞前時,只能用“介詞+which/whom”結構。例如:

This is the house in which we lived last year.這是我們去年居住的房子。

This is the house that we lived in last year.這是我們去年居住的房子。（這里不能用 in that）

Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.請告訴我你從誰那借的這本英文小說。

Please tell me who you borrowed the English novel from.請告訴我你從誰那借的這本英文小說。(2)含有介詞的固定動詞詞組中,介詞不可前置,只能放在原來的位置上。例如:

This is the person whom you are looking for.這就是你要找的那個人。

(3)that 作介詞的賓語時,介詞不能放它的前面,只能放在從句中動詞的后面。例如:

The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常遠。

(4)關系詞只能用that的情況:

a.先行詞被序數詞或形容詞最高級所修飾,或本身是序數詞、基數詞、形容詞最高級時,只能用that,而不用which.例如:

He was the first person that passed the exam.他是第一個通過考試的人。

b.被修飾的先行詞為all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one等不定代詞時,只能用that,而不用which.例如:

Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop? 你在商店里有什么東西要買嗎?

This is the same bike that I lost.這就是我丟的那輛自行車。

d.先行詞里同時含有人或物時,只能用that, 而不用which.例如:

c.先行詞被the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few 等詞修飾時,只能用that,而不用which.例如:

I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚記得我在那個房間所見到的人和一些照片。

e.以who或which引導的特殊疑問句,為避免重復,只能用that.例如:

Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那個女孩是誰?

f.主句是there be 結構,修飾主語的定語從句用that,而不用which.例如:

There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.桌子上那本書是湯姆的。

(5)關系詞只能用which,而不用that 的情況:

a.先行詞為that, those時,用which, 而不用that.例如:

What’s that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些東西是什么?

b.關系代詞前有介詞時,一般用which,而不用that.例如:

This is the room in which he lives.這是他居住的房間。

c.引導非限制性定語從句,用which, 而不用that.例如:

Tom came back, which made us happy.湯姆回來了,這使我們很高興。

五、關系副詞的用法

(1)when指時間,其先行詞表示時間,在句中作時間狀語。例如:

This was the time when he arrived.這是他到達的時間。

(2)where指地點,其先行詞表示地點,在句中作地點狀語。例如:

This is place where he works.這是他工作的地點。

(3)why 指原因,其先行詞是原因,起原因狀語作用。例如:

Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.沒人知道他為什么上學總遲到。

一、用關系代詞（that、which、who、whom、whose）或關系副詞（when、where、why）填空。1．This is the man _______________ wants to see you.2．The student __________________ answered the question is Zhang Hua.3．The man _________________ you went to see has come.4．The man __________________I met yesterday lent me some money.5．The woman ______________________ you saw is our geography teacher.6．Here is the pen ________________ you lost the day before yesterday.7．These books ____________________ you lent me were very useful.8．A clock is a machine __________________ tells people the time.9．This is the shirt ______________________I bought yesterday.10．The book ___________________ is on the table is mine.11．The film ___________________ they are talking about is very interesting.12．I will never forget the people and the places ____________ I have ever visited.13．Is there anyone ___________________ family is in Beijing?

14．Show me the boy ______________ mother is a well-known singer.15．The boy_____________ father is a teacher is good at English.16.I dont know the reason __________________ he was late for the class.17．A birthday is the date ____________ one was born.18．Do you know the reason ________ no one questioned Aristotle's theory for about 2,000 years? 19．Do you still remember the days ___________________we spent together last term? 20．Shanghai is the city ______________ I was born.21．The house _____________ I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.22．I still remember the day ______________I first came to the school.23．The time ______________we got together finally came.24．Please tell me the reason ______________ you missed the plane.25.I don’t know the reason_______________ he looks unhappy today.26．Everything _____________ I know will be taught to the students.27．This is the best film _____________ I have ever seen.28．The manager walked toward the gate ____________ the workers are waiting.29.You can’t go into this room ____________ they are having a meeting.30．I still remember the days _____________ we studied together.31．The picture ____________ has a house and flowers is the one I like best.32．He failed in the exam, _____________ surprised us all.33.Her parents wouldn’t let her marry anyone ____________ family was poor.34．Tom, ____________ parents are poor workers, always goes hungry.二、單項選擇。

()1.This is the bag _____ my mother bought yesterday.A.that B.who C.whom D.this()2.The man _____ lives next to us is my English teacher.A.whom B.which C.who D./()3.The girl _____ you saw in the street is Mary.A.that B.whose C.which D.as()4.Is this the factory _____ a lot of students visited yesterday? A.the one B.which C.who D.whom()5.Is this factory _____ a lot of students visited yesterday? A.the one B.that C.which D./()6.The only language _____ is easy to learn is the mother tongue.A.which B.that C./ D.it()7.The girl handed everything _____ she had picked up in the street to the police.A.which B.in which C.that D.all()8._____ cleans the blackboard should be praised.A.That B.Who C.The one who D.The students who()9.Please show me the book _____ you bought yesterday.A.which B.whom C.whose D.this

()10.This is the best book _____ I have been looking for all this year.A.who B.whom C.which D./()11.This is the only article of these that _____ written by him.A.was B.were C.is D.are()12.The man _____ was here just now is a doctor.A.whom B.who C./ D.he()13.The boy _____ has two lovely dogs.A.who live next door B.which lives next door C.whom lives next door D.that lives next door()14.Those _____ made no mistakes in today’s exercises please raise your hands.A.which B.whom C.that D.who()15.Don’t go in, this is the shop _____ we have just been _____.A./, to B.that, / C.where, to D.which, there()16.He is the most careful boy _____ I know.A.what B.which C.as D../()17.This is the school _____ Mr.Smith once taught.A.in that B.when C.where D.there

()18.Have you visited the house _____ the famous scientist was born? A.where B.in that C.that D.which()19.The factory _____ Mr.Li used to work was closed last week.A.when B.where C.that D.which()20.Do you still remember the day _____ we first met? A.that B.when C.what D.on that()21.The time _____ we studied together is not easily forgotten.A.that B.when C.where D.in which()22.October 1,1949 is the day _____ we’ll never forget.A.when B.that C.where D.in which()23.October 1,1949 was the day _____ the People’s Republic of China was founded.A.which B.when C.where D.in which()24.Is this the shop _____ sells children’s clothing? A.which B.where C.in which D.what()25.Is this museum _____ they visited last month? A.that B.which C.where D.the one()26.I still remember the sitting-room _____ my mother and I used to sit in the evening.A.what B.which C.that D.where

三、句型轉換

1．The film is interesting.They saw it last night._______________________________________________________________________ 2．The students will not pass the exam.They don’t work hard._______________________________________________________________________ 3．The lady is our teacher.You saw her just now._______________________________________________________________________ 4．I was reading a book.The book is about a boy._______________________________________________________________________ 5．He is the young writer．He wrote the book．

_______________________________________________________________________ 6．I like Chinese tea with nothing in it.I like Chinese tea _______________ ______________nothing in it． 7．The girl who is wearing the red coat is very clever． The girl ______________ the red coat is very clever．

8．The strange thing with three legs was used for drinking long before．

The strange thing _______ ________ three legs was used for drinking long before．

參考答案 答案：

1.that 2.that 3.where 4.where 5.when 6.which/ that 8.which 9.that 10.whose 11.whose 一． 單項選擇 定語從句1~5 A C A B A 6~10 B C C A D 11~15 C B D D A 16~20 D C A B B 21~26 B B B A D D 二． 在下列定語從句中，用適當的介詞填空。

1.with 2.through 3.from 4.by 5.of 6.under 7.without 8.to 9.in 10.at 11.on 12.on 13.of 14.against 15.of

I.單項填空。

1.-Do you know the man ______is talking with your father?

-Yes, he’s our headmaster.A.he B.who C.which D.whom

2.Is this the river _____I can swim?

A.which B.in which C.that D.the one

3.This is the best hotel in the city _____I know.A.where B.which C.that D.it

4.Can you lend me the dictionary ______the other day?

A.that you bought B.you bought it

C.that you bought it D.which you bought it

5.Anyone ______with what I said may put up you hands.A.which agrees B.who agree

C.who agrees D.which agree

6.My watch is not the only thing ______ is missing.A.that B.it C.which who

7.The man ______coat is black is waiting at the gate

A.who’s B.whose C.that of which.8.The girl ______ is reading under the tree _____my sister.A.which;is B.whom;was C.who;is D.who;was

9.I love places ______the people are really friendly.A.that B.which C.where D.who

10.The world ______ is made up of matter.A.in that we live B.on which we live

C.where we live in D.we live in

Ⅱ.用適當的關系代詞that, which, who, whom填空。

1.The first thing ______you must do is to have a meal.2.April 1st is the day _____is called April Fool’s Day in the west.3.The family _____had lost everything in a big fire got much help from their friends.4.The house _____we live in is very old.5.Didn’t you see the man ______I talked with just now?

答案：CBCAC

ABCCB

That ,which ,which ,who ,whom.

第二篇：初三英語定語從句講解及-練習

一、定語從句的概念

在復合句中,修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞,定語從句一般放在先行詞的后面。

定語從句在句子中的功能類似于一個形容詞用于修飾名詞或代詞，由于它是以句子為單位的超大號形容詞（較長），所以 一般放在被修飾的名詞或代詞的后面，而被修飾的名詞或代詞放在定語從句前，叫做先行詞。

二、定語從句的關系詞

引導定語從句的關系詞有關系代詞和關系副詞。

常見的關系代詞包括：that, which, who(賓格whom,所有格whose)等,在從句中做主、賓、表、定語等成分。

常見的關系副詞包括：where, when, why等。在從句中做時間、地點、原因等狀語。關系代詞和關系副詞放在先行詞及定語從句之間起連接作用,同時又作定語從句的重要成分。

三、定語從句的分類

根據定語從句與先行詞的關系,定語從句可分為限制性定語從句及非限制性定語從句。限制性定語從句緊跟先行詞,主句與從句不用逗號分開,從句不可省去,非限制性定語從句主句與從句之間有逗號分開,起補充說明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。

四、關系代詞的用法

1.that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在從句中作主語或賓語,作主語時不可省略,作賓語可省略。例如: Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.(that作主語)

The coat(that)I put on the desk is blue.(that作賓語)

2.which用于指物,在句中作主語或賓語,作主語不可省略,作賓語可省略。例如:

The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.(作主語)

The film(which)we saw last night was wonderful.(作賓語)

3.who, whom用于指人,who 用作主語,whom用作賓語。在口語中,有時可用who代替whom, 也可省略。例如:

The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.(作主語)

Who is the teacher(whom)Li Ming is talking to?(作賓語)

注意:(1)當定語從句中含有介詞,介詞放在句末時,who, that, which可省略,但介詞在關系代詞前時,只能用“介詞+which/whom”結構。例如:

This is the house in which we lived last year.This is the house that we lived in last year.（這里不能用 in that）

Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.Please tell me who you borrowed the English novel from.(2)含有介詞的固定動詞詞組中,介詞不可前置,只能放在原來的位置上。例如:

This is the person whom you are looking for.(3)that 作介詞的賓語時,介詞不能放它的前面,只能放在從句中動詞的后面。例如:

The city that she lives in is very far away.(4)關系詞只能用that的情況:

a.先行詞被序數詞或形容詞最高級所修飾,或本身是序數詞、基數詞、形容詞最高級時,只能用that,而不用which.例如: He was the first person that passed the exam.b.被修飾的先行詞為all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one等不定代詞時,只能用that,而不用which.例如: Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop?

c.先行詞被the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few 等詞修飾時,只能用that,而不用which.例如:

This is the same bike that I lost.d.先行詞里同時含有人或物時,只能用that, 而不用which.例如:

I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.e.以who或which引導的特殊疑問句,為避免重復,只能用that.例如: Who is the girl that is crying?

f.主句是there be 結構,修飾主語的定語從句用that,而不用which.例如: There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.(5)關系詞只能用which,而不用that 的情況:

a.先行詞為that, those時,用which, 而不用that.例如: What’s that which is under the desk?

b.關系代詞前有介詞時,一般用which,而不用that.例如: This is the room in which he lives.c.引導非限制性定語從句,用which, 而不用that.例如: Tom came back, which made us happy.五、關系副詞的用法

(1)when指時間,其先行詞表示時間,在句中作時間狀語。例如: This was the time when he arrived.(2)where指地點,其先行詞表示地點,在句中作地點狀語。例如: This is place where he works.(3)why 指原因,其先行詞是原因,起原因狀語作用。例如: Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.一、用關系代詞（that、which、who、whom、whose）或關系副詞（when、where、why）填空。1．This is the man _______________ wants to see you.2．The student __________________ answered the question is Zhang Hua.3．The man _________________ you went to see has come.4．The man __________________I met yesterday lent me some money.5．The woman ______________________ you saw is our geography teacher.6．Here is the pen ________________ you lost the day before yesterday.7．These books ____________________ you lent me were very useful.8．A clock is a machine __________________ tells people the time.9．This is the shirt ______________________I bought yesterday.10．The book ___________________ is on the table is mine.11．The film ___________________ they are talking about is very interesting.12．I will never forget the people and the places ____________ I have ever visited.13．Is there anyone ___________________ family is in Beijing? 14．Show me the boy ______________ mother is a well-known singer.15．The boy_____________ father is a teacher is good at English.16.I don’t know the reason __________________ he was late for the class.17．A birthday is the date ____________ one was born.18．Do you know the reason ________ no one questioned Aristotle's theory for about 2,000 years? 19．Do you still remember the days ___________________we spent together last term? 20．Shanghai is the city ______________ I was born.21．The house _____________ I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.22．I still remember the day ______________I first came to the school.23．The time ______________we got together finally came.24．Please tell me the reason ______________ you missed the plane.25.I don’t know the reason_______________ he looks unhappy today.26．Everything _____________ I know will be taught to the students.27．This is the best film _____________ I have ever seen.28．The manager walked toward the gate ____________ the workers are waiting.29.You can’t go into this room ____________ they are having a meeting.30．I still remember the days _____________ we studied together.31．The picture ____________ has a house and flowers is the one I like best.32．He failed in the exam, _____________ surprised us all.33.Her parents wouldn’t let her marry anyone ____________ family was poor.34．Tom, ____________ parents are poor workers, always goes hungry.35.The first thing ______you must do is to have a meal.36.April 1st is the day _____is called April Fool’s Day in the west.37.The family _____had lost everything in a big fire got much help from their friends.38.The house _____we live in is very old.39.Didn’t you see the man ______I talked with just now?

二、單項選擇。

()1.This is the bag _____ my mother bought yesterday.A.that B.who C.whom D.this()2.The man _____ lives next to us is my English teacher.A.whom B.which C.who D./()3.The girl _____ you saw in the street is Mary.A.that B.whose C.which D.as()4.Is this the factory _____ a lot of students visited yesterday? A.the one B.which C.who D.whom()5.Is this factory _____ a lot of students visited yesterday? A.the one B.that C.which D./()6.The only language _____ is easy to learn is the mother tongue.A.which B.that C./ D.it()7.The girl handed everything _____ she had picked up in the street to the police.A.which B.in which C.that D.all()8._____ cleans the blackboard should be praised.A.That B.Who C.The one who D.The students who()9.Please show me the book _____ you bought yesterday.A.which B.whom C.whose D.this()10.This is the best book _____ I have been looking for all this year.A.who B.whom C.which D./()11.This is the only article of these that _____ written by him.A.was B.were C.is D.are()12.The man _____ was here just now is a doctor.A.whom B.who C./ D.he()13.The boy _____ has two lovely dogs.A.who live next door B.which lives next door C.whom lives next door D.that lives next door()14.Those _____ made no mistakes in today’s exercises please raise your hands.A.which B.whom C.that D.who()15.Don’t go in, this is the shop _____ we have just been _____.A./, to B.that, / C.where, to D.which, there()16.He is the most careful boy _____ I know.A.what B.which C.as D../()17.This is the school _____ Mr.Smith once taught.A.in that B.when C.where D.there

()18.Have you visited the house _____ the famous scientist was born? A.where B.in that C.that D.which()19.The factory _____ Mr.Li used to work was closed last week.A.when B.where C.that D.which()20.Do you still remember the day _____ we first met? A.that B.when C.what D.on that()21.The time _____ we studied together is not easily forgotten.A.that B.when C.where D.in which()22.October 1,1949 is the day _____ we’ll never forget.A.when B.that C.where D.in which()23.October 1,1949 was the day _____ the People’s Republic of China was founded.A.which B.when C.where D.in which()24.Is this the shop _____ sells children’s clothing? A.which B.where C.in which D.what()25.Is this museum _____ they visited last month? A.that B.which C.where D.the one

()26.I still remember the sitting-room _____ my mother and I used to sit in the evening.A.what B.which C.that D.where()27.-Do you know the man ______is talking with your father?

-Yes, he’s our headmaster.A.he

B.who

C.which

D.whom()28.Is this the river _____I can swim?

A.which

B.in which

C.that

D.the one()29.This is the best hotel in the city _____I know.A.where

B.which

C.that

D.it

()30.Can you lend me the dictionary ______the other day? A.that you bought

B.you bought it C.that you bought it

D.which you bought it

()31.Anyone ______with what I said may put up you hands.A.which agrees

B.who agree C.who agrees D.which agree()32.My watch is not the only thing ______ is missing.A.that

B.it

C.which

D.who

()33.The man ______coat is black is waiting at the gate A.who’s

B.whose

C.that

D.which.()34.The girl ______ is reading under the tree _____my sister.A.which;is B.whom;was C.who;is D.who;was()35.I love places ______the people are really friendly.A.that

B.which

C.where

D.who()36.The world ______ is made up of matter.A.in that we live

B.on which we live C.where we live in

D.we live in

三、句型轉換

1．The film is interesting.They saw it last night._______________________________________________________________________ 2．The students will not pass the exam.They don’t work hard._______________________________________________________________________ 3．The lady is our teacher.You saw her just now._______________________________________________________________________ 4．I was reading a book.The book is about a boy._______________________________________________________________________ 5．He is the young writer．He wrote the book．

_______________________________________________________________________ 6．I like Chinese tea.The tea has no milk and sugar._______________________________________________________________________ 7．The girl is very clever． The girl is wearing a red skirt._______________________________________________________________________ 8．The strange thing was used for drinking long before.It has three legs._______________________________________________________________________

第三篇：初三定語從句講解

初三定語從句講解

三、定語從句復習概要

1．在復合句(包括主句和從句)中，修飾主句中某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。定語從句必須放在被修飾的詞之后，被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫做先行詞。如：

The man who lives next to us sells vegetables．住在我們隔壁的那個人是賣蔬菜的。

You must do everything that I do．你必須做我所做的一切。

2．由that，which，who(whom)等關系代詞引導的定語從句，關系代詞可在從句中做主語、賓語或表語。通常which指事物，who指人(作賓語時用whom)，that既可指人也可指物。但在使用時有所區別： A.定語從句須用that引導的情況：

(1)先行詞是all，much，little，none, no, any, some等不定代詞或由no-，any-，every-構成的復合不定代詞。如：

All that is worth doing should be done well．一切值得做的事都應該做好。There is little money that I can spend on books．我幾乎無錢買書。Everything we saw in the museum great interested us.我們在博物館里看到的每一件事情都使我們很感興趣。

(2)先行詞被the only，the very，the same, the last等詞修飾時。如： The only thing that she could do was to go to the police for help.她唯一能做的事就是去求助于警察。

This is the last time that I shall give you a lesson.這是我最后一次給你們上課。

(3)先行詞是序數詞或被序數詞修飾時。如：

We will never forget the first lesson(that)our chemistry teacher gave us．化學教師上的第一課我們永遠難忘。This is the first trip that I have made in my life.這是我有生以來第一次出行。

(4)先行詞是形容詞最高級或被形容詞最高級修飾時。如：

The most difficult problem that I met with is how to get enough money to buy these books.我遇到的最困難的問題就是怎樣得到足夠多的錢把這些書買下來。

This is the best dictionary that I’ve ever bought.這是我所買的最好的字典。

This is the biggest lab that we have ever built in our school.這是我們學校已經興建的最大的實驗室。

(5)先行詞同時包含人和事物時。如：

We talked about the persons and the things that we remembered in the school for half an hour.我們談論了半小時我們所記得的學校里的人和事。The visitor spoke highly of the children and the performances(that)they saw at the Children's Palace．來賓們高度評價他們在少年宮見到的孩子們及其表演。

(6)當主句為who或which開頭的特殊疑問句時，為避免重復，習慣上多用that。如：

Which of us that knows any English doesn't know the meaning of UFO? 我們懂英語的人中誰不知道UFO的意思?

(7)被修飾成分為表語，或者關系代詞本身是定語從句的表語時，該關系代詞宜用that。例如：

Tom is not the boy(that)he used to be．湯姆已不是過去的那個男孩了。That is a good book that will help you a lot.這是本對你很有幫助的書。My home village is no longer the place(that)it used to be.我的故鄉已不再是過去的那個樣子了。

(8)當主句以There be開頭時。如：

There is something that I must deal with right now．我有事情必須馬上處理。

There is still a seat in the corner that is still free.角落里仍有一個空位子。

B．定語從句須用which引導的情況：(1)在非限制性定語從句中。如：

Let's discuss the question，which we are interested in.咱們討論一下這個問題，這個問題我們大家都很感興趣。

(2)在定語從句中作介詞賓語，且直接置于介詞之后時。如：

His house，for which he paid 10，000 yuan ten years ago，is now worth 30，000 yuan．他的房子現在值三萬元，十年前他是花一萬元買的。

C.定語從句須用who(whom)引導的情況：(1)當先行詞all，any和a few指人時。如：

Any who breaks the law will be punished．任何人犯了法都會受到懲罰。(2)先行詞為that，this，those或these且指人時。如：

Those who hadn't bought a ticket for the train crowded in the waiting hall．那些未買著票的人擁擠在候車廳里。

(3)當先行詞在定語從句中作賓語或表語時，在口語中用who或whom引導均可，但如直接位于介詞后作賓語時，只能用whom。如： The guest(who/whom)I'll first introduce to you is a little girl．我首先要介紹給你們的客人是一位小姑娘。

I met a few friends of mine，among whom was my old classmate．我遇見了幾位朋友，其中一位是我的老同學。

D.where, when與why可作關系副詞，引導一個定語從句。如：(1)where指地點，在定語從句中作地點狀語。

That is the house where(=in which)he lived ten years ago.那是他十年前住過的房子。

The hospital where(=in which)her mother is working is far from her home.她母親工作的那個醫院離她家很遠。

(2)when指時間，在定語從句中作時間狀語。

I still remember the day when(=on which)I first came to Beijing.我還記得我第一次來到北京那天的情景。She came at a time when we needed her most.她是在我們最需要她的時候來的。

(3)why指原因，在定語從句中作原因狀語。Why作為關系副詞只用在reason后面。

I know the reason why(=for which)she was so angry.我知道她為什么那么生氣。

Do you know the reason why(=for which)he came so late? 你知道他來得這么晚的原因嗎？ [注] 為了記住這三個關系副詞的用法，同學們可以背誦這個口訣：the time when, the place where, the reason why。

[定語從句典例探究]

1.Most of the people ______ lost their lives in the attacks are Americans.(2005 常州)A.when B.who C.how D.which [研析] B。定語從句所修飾的先行詞people是指人的名詞，關系詞用who;when作關系副詞用，表示時間；which指代先行詞是物的名詞。

2.–Do you know everybody ______ came to the party?（2005 江蘇常州）--No.I don’t know the one ______ you talked with near the door.A.who, / B.whose, that C.that, which D./, whom [研析] A。第一空格處先行詞who作定語從句中的主語，不可省略；第二空格處關系詞作定語從句的賓語，可以省略。

3.This year’s Olympics are special, because theGames are coming back to the country ______ they started in.（2004湖南懷化）A.as B.when C.there D.which [研析] D。which在這里引導定語從句，修飾先行詞country。句意是“??奧運會又回到了它的發祥地。”

4.I like to live in a house ______ is big and bright.（2005 海淀升學卷）

A.that B.who C.how D.and [研析] A。that引導定語從句并在定語從句中作主語，不可省略。5.With the money ______ he had saved, he went on with his studies.（2004 江蘇徐州）

A.that B.what C.who D.where [研析] A。that 引導定語從句。當先行詞是事物的時候，關系代詞可用that或which。

6.This is the place ______ I visited last year.A.where B.which C.in which D.in that [研析] B.which 引導定語從句并在定語從句中作賓語。不能選where, 因為visit是及物動詞，后面直接跟賓語。the place 作visit的賓語，而不是地點狀語。

7.This is the school ______ I worked seven years ago.A.in which B.in that C.which D.that [研析] A.in which相當于where, 引導一個定語從句并在句中作地點狀語。不能選which或that, 因為work是不及物動詞，后面不能直接跟賓語，需要加一個介詞in才能跟賓語。這句話可說成：This is the school which I worked in seven years ago.或把in 提到which前，變成：This is the school in which I worked seven years ago.當然也可變成：This is the school where I worked seven years ago.(因為in which= where)

考點詳解

例1 選擇正確的答案。

When the work ______，we'll make a trip to the Great Wall． A.is finished B.was finished C.will be finished D.will finish 解析：本題答案為A。本題考查的是狀語從句和被動語態.work是被完成的，所以要用被動語態。當主句是一般將來時，時間狀語從句用一般現在時。例2 選擇正確的答案。

The bus ______ until everyone gets on．

A.starts B.will start C.won't start D.start 解析：本題答案為C。

本題考查的是狀語從句。until引導的時間狀語從句是一般現在時，主句就是一般將來時，所以A、D選項去掉；主句中的謂語動詞是短暫動詞，所以用否定形式。

例3 選擇正確的答案。

He didn't come to the party, _______ he had a lot of work to do． A.because B.if C.so D.so that 解析：本題答案為A。

本題考查的是原因狀語從句。根據題意，它是一種因果關系，所以選擇A。例4 選擇正確的答案。

I didn't know where _______ ．

A.he is B.is he C.he was D.was he 解析：本題答案為C。

本題考查的是賓語從句。主句的謂語動詞如果是一般過去時，賓語從句也要根據實際情況用過去時的某種形式。所以A、B選項去掉；賓語從句一律用陳述語序，故選C。例5 選擇正確的答案。

Did you ask the teacher _______ the day before ? A.what was happened to her B.what she had happened C.what she happened D.what had happened to her 解析：本題答案為D。本題考查的是賓語從句。該題從句的主語是what而不是she，所以B、C選項去掉；happen是不及物動詞，不能用被動語態。用who／whom／that／which填空。

1．Those are the things _____ I lost in the street yesterday． 2．He is the person _____ we often talk about．

3．They talked of things and persons _____ they remembered． 4．They call it Christmas，_____ comes from the name Christ． 5．They may go to their own library to look up any information _____ they need． 單項選擇。

6．People _____ study earthquakes think that there will be no big earthquake here．

a．who b．which c．whom d．／

7．The pancake _____ my aunt cooks is delicious． a．that b．which c．／ d．a，b or c 8．The young man _____ I had a talk with is a friend of mine． a．and b．and who c．that d．which Key: 定語從句“三步曲”解碼：1．that／which 2．who ／ whom ／that 3．that 4．which 5．that 6－8 adc／d 找出錯誤并改正。

1．Who is the man who has white hair？ 2．Is this the book for which he was looking？

3．The village in that he lives is 20 kilometres away．

4．She talked of the man and cooks who and that interested her very much． 5．This is the first book which I have bought． 6．All which can be done has been done．

7．He was the only person which knows how to open the door． 8．The man to who you talked is a famous runner． 9．The girl whom is in Class Two is Jim's sister．

10．I still remember the day that I first came to Nanjing．

定語從句練習答案

（Keys：1．第二個who變為that 2．for應放在looking之后 3．in放在lives之后或that變為which 4．who and去掉 5．which變為that 6．which變為that 7．which變為that 8．who變為whom 9．whom變為who或 that 10．that變為when）

從A、B、C、D四個選項中選擇一個正確的選項，完成下列各句。

1．The number of people lost homes reached as many as 250，000． A．which B．who C．whom D．不填

2．This is the most beautiful park I have visited． A．which；ever B．that；never C．which；yet D．that；ever 3．This is the most enjoyable journey I have ever heard of． A．which B．who C．that D．whom 4．We are talking about Tonny，you met yesterday． A．whom B．which C．that D．with who 5．Is this the very museum some Japanese visitors visited last Wednesday？

A．one B．where C．that D．which 6．The place I grew up is a beautiful town． A．which B．that C．where D．from which 7．This is the shop sells children's clothing． A．where B．who C．the one D．which 8．I don't think the number of people this happens is very large． A．who B．to which C．that D．to whom 9．Do you know Mrs Jackson daughter is a famous poet？ A．that her B．whose C．who D．of whom 10．Do you remember one evening a week ago I came to your room and borrowed a dictionary？

A．before B．which C．when D．as 答案與簡析：

1.B。who是關系代詞，指人，在定語從句中作主語，whom（作賓語）與which結構皆不能入選。2.D。當定語從句所修飾的先行詞有形容詞最高級修飾時，要用關系代詞that，句意表明定語從句表示肯定，而不是否定，故選D。3.C 4.A。whom關系代詞，指人，在句中用作賓語。5.C。先行詞被the only，the very，the first等修飾時，須用關系代詞that引導。6.C。where是關系副詞，指地點，在定語從句中作地點狀語。7.D。which是關系代詞，指物，在定語從句中作主語。8.D。happen to sb．指“某事發生在某人身上”。9.B。whose是關系代詞who的所有格，在定語從句中作定語。10.C。when是關系副詞，指時間，在定語從句中作狀語，before，as是連詞，引導時間狀語從句，不能作關系副詞。

九、定語從句

1、先行詞是物，可用that也可用which，但下列句子只能用that.(1)Have you written down everything that Mr.Green said?(先行詞是不定代詞時)

(2)I want to read all the books that were written by Lu Xun.(先行詞被every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等修飾時)

(3)This is the most intelligent man that I have ever met.(先行詞被the only,the last,the first/second,the same,the very等修飾時)

(4)We are talking about the people and the things that we have visited in the country.(先行詞是兩個或兩個以上的人和物時)(5)Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?

2、先行詞是人，可用that也可用who，但常用who，如果是賓格用whom.He is one of the boys who like playing basketball.(他是喜歡打籃球的男孩子之一)

He is the one of the boys who likes playing basketball.(他就是那些男孩中喜歡打籃球的那個)

The woman to whom I spoke just now is my aunt.3,Tell me the time when(=on which)the train leaves.This is the school where(=at which)I used to teach.

第四篇：定語從句講解及練習

定語從句講解及練習

一、定義：在復合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。如：1)The man who lives next to us is a policeman.2)You must do everything that I do.上面兩句中的man和everything是定語從句所修飾的詞，叫先行詞，定語從句放在先行詞的后面。* 引導定語從句的詞有關系代詞that, which, who(賓格whom, 所有格whose)和關系副詞where, when、why * 關系詞常有三個作用：

1、引導定語從句

2、代替先行詞

3、在定語從句中擔當一個成分

二、關系代詞引導的定語從句 * 1.who指人，在從句中做主語(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.(2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.* 2.whom指人，在定語從句中充當賓語，常可省略。(1)Mr.Liu is the person(whom)you talked about.注意：關系代詞whom在口語和非正式語體中常用who代替，可省略。(2)The man(who/whom)you met just now is my friend.* 3.which指物，在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時可省略(1)Football is a game which is liked by most boys.(which 在句子中做主語)(2)This is the pen(which)he bought yesterday.(which 在句子中做賓語)* 4.that指人時，相當于who或者whom；指物時，相當于which，在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時可省略。(1)The people that/who come to visit the city are all here.(在句子中做主語)(2)Where is the man（that/whom）I saw this morning?(在句子中做賓語)* 5.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定語從句中做定語(1)He has a friend whose father is a doctor.(2)I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.whose指物時，常用以下結構來代替(3)The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.(4)Do you like the book whose color is yellow? =Do you like the book the color of which is yellow? * 具體使用時還要注意下列問題：

1、只能使用that,不用which 的情況：

* 1）當先行詞是：all , any , anything , everything , nothing或被它們修飾

時。Is there anything that I can do for you ? 有什么可以為你做的嗎？

All that can be done must be done.凡是能做的都必須做。* 2）當先行詞被形容詞的最高級或序數詞修飾時。例如： That is one of the most interesting books that are sold in the bookshop.那是這家書店出售的最有趣的書之一。

The first thing that we should do is to get some food.我們該做的第一件事是弄點吃的。

* 3）當先行詞有：the only , the very , the same , the last 等修飾時。例如： My necklace is not the only thing that's missing.我的項鏈不僅是丟掉的東西。* 4）當主句以who或which開頭時，定語從句中引導詞用that ,不用which 或 who，以避免重復。例如： Who is the girl that is wearing a red coat ? 正穿一件紅色外套的女孩子是誰？ * 5）當先行詞既有人又有物時，用that。例如： The writer and his novel that you have just talked about are really well known.你剛才談起的那位作家以及他的小說確實很著名。

2、只用which不用that的情況： * 1)關系代詞前有介詞時； e.g.This is the room in which Lu Xun lived.* 2)非限定性定語從句中；作賓語用的關系代詞也不能省略。e.g.That necklace, which you gave me as a present, was lost yesterday.He has a daughter, who works in a hospital.* 3)先行詞本身是that時；

e.g.The clock is that which tells the time 非限定性定語從句的作用是對所修飾的成分作進一步說明，通常是引導詞和先行詞之間用逗號隔開，將從句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立。Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.查理史密斯去年退休了，他曾經是我的老師。（非限)There is somebody here who wants to speak to you這里有人要和你說話(限制性)* 4)which還有一種特殊用法，它可以引導從句修飾前面的整個主句，代替主句所表示的整體概念或部分概念。在這種從句中，which可以作主語，也可以作賓語或表語，多數情況下意思是與and this 相似，并可以指人。

He did very well in the competition, which made his parents very happy.* 關系代詞 whom，which 在定語從句中作介詞賓語時，可以和介詞一起放于先行詞與定語從句之間，有時為了關系緊湊也可以將 whom 與 which 與先行詞緊挨著書寫，的工廠。(引導詞that作定語從句“(that)they visited last month”的賓語，that可以省略)

* 注意：不要以為在時間名詞后就一定用關系副詞when，在地點名詞后就一定用關系而將介詞置于定語從句的后面，That was the room in which we had lived for ten years.= That was the room which we had lived in for ten years.* 像listen to, look at, take care of等固定短語動詞，在定語從句中一般不宜將介詞與動詞分開。例如：This is the boy whom she has taken care of.三、關系副詞引導的定語從句

*

1、when：當主句中的先行詞(即主句中被后面定語從句修飾的詞)是表示時間意義的名詞時，它只能作定語從句的時間狀語，放在定語從句句首。如果定語從句的引導詞是作該定語從句的主語或賓語，則要改用關系代詞that或which來引導。例如：

I’ll never forget the time when we worked on the farm.He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.The days when we used foreign oil are gone.我們用洋油的日子一去不復返了。I'll never forget the day when I was born.(=I'll never forget my birthday.)我永遠不會忘記我出生的日子。

It happened in November when the weather was wet and cold.這事發生在天氣又濕又冷的十一月。

The day(that)I always remember in all my life is my birthday.我一生中最難忘的日子是我的生日。(that作定語從句“that I always remember in all my life”的賓語，that可以省略)*

2、where：當主句中的先行詞是表示地點意義的名詞時，它只能作其所在的定語從句的地點狀語，放在定語從句的句首。如果定語從句的引導詞作該定語從句的主語或賓語時，也要改用關系代詞that或which來引導。例如：

The factory where his father works is in the east of the city This is the room where(＝in which)I lived last year.這就是我去年住過的房間。

Is this the classroom where(=in which)the old worker is going to make/give us a report? 這就是那位老工人要給我們做報告的教室嗎？

Let's look for a place where we can swim.咱們找一個可以游泳的地方吧。The building that is being built over there will be a new hospital.正在那邊建的樓房將是一家新醫院。(引導詞that作定語從句“that is being built over there”的主語)That is the factory(that)they visited last month.那就是他們上個月參觀過

副詞 where，在表示原因的the reason后就一定用關系副詞why。到底選用關系副詞還是關系代詞，關鍵是看它們在從句中是用作狀語(用關系副詞)還是用作主語或賓語(用關系代詞)。

如：Don’t forget the time(that)I’ve told you.不要忘記我告訴你的時間。(that用作told的賓語)

I’ll never forget the days when I worked with you.我永遠不會忘記我與你共事的日子。(when用作狀語)

He works in a factory that /which makes radio parts.他在一家制造無線電零件的工廠工作。(that/ which 在從句中用作主語，且不能省略)

He works in the factory where his father worked.他在他父親工作過的那家工廠工作。(where作狀語)

That’s the reason(that /which)he explained to us.那就是他向我們解釋的理由。(that或which在從句中用作explained的賓語)

That’s the reason why she left home.那就是她離家出走的原因。(why在從句中作狀語)

* 英語中的關系副詞主要是 when, where, why三個，不要想當然地將how用作關系副詞修飾the way。

如不說 This is the way how he spoke，可改為 This is how he spoke(how引導的是表語從句)，當然也可說成 This is the way(that/ in which)he spoke.(其中的that/ in which可省略)

* 另外，when和where可引導限制性和非限制性定語從句，而why則只用于引導限制性定語從句，不用于引導非限制性定語從句。

Sunday is a holiday , when people do not go to work.星期天是假日，（這天）人們不上班。

He took us into the classroom , where there were only a few students.他把我們帶進教室，那兒只有少數幾個學生。

* 在定語從句的使用中，one of后面的名詞是復數，這個復數名詞制約后面的定語從句的謂語動詞，用復數； 而在one of 前面有the或 the only時，后面引導的定語從句中的謂語動詞則用單數形式。

He is the only one of the students who is elected?

Jasper is one of those people who know about the accident.定 語 從 句 練習

一、用關系代詞填空：that、which、who、whom、whose 1.This is the man ________ wants to see you.2.The student ___________ answered the question is Zhang Hua.3.The man __________ you went to see has come.4.The man ___________I met yesterday lent me some money.5.The woman _______________ you saw is our geography teacher.6.The runner ________________ you are asking about is over there.7.The person ______________ you should write to is Mr.Ball.8.The man ___________was passing by saw what happened.9.Here is the pen _________ you lost the day before yesterday.10.These books _____________ you lent me were very useful.11.The storybook ____________ I have just read cannot be easily forgotten.12.A clock is a machine ______ tells people the time.13.This is shirt _______________I bought yesterday.14.A dictionary is a book _____________ gives the meaning to the word.15.The book ____________ is on the table is mine.16.The film ____________ they are talking about is very interesting.17.I will never forget the people and the places _____ I have ever visited.18.Is there anyone ____________ family is in Beijing? 19.Show me the boy ______________ mother is a well-known singer.20.The boy______ father is a teacher is good at English.二、單項選擇

()1.Your teacher of Chinese is a young lady____ comes from Beijing.A.who B.which C.whom D.whose()2.What’s the name of the program________.A.which are listening B.you are listening to C.to that you are listening D.that you are listening()3.The students were all interested ____ you told them yesterday.A.in which B.in that this C.all that D.in everything()4.He was the only person in his office______ was invited.A.whom B.whose C.that D.which()5.This is the museum______ we visited last year.A.where B.in which C.which D.in that()6.Charlie told his mother all____ had happened.A.that B.what C.which D.who()7.Do you know the student_____? A.whom I often talk B.with who I often talk

C.I often talk with D.that I often talk()8.I like the house_____ windows face south.A.whose B.who’s

C.it's D.its()9.Would you tell me where to get the dictionary _____?

A.what I need B.I need C.which I need it D.that I need it()10.The young woman_____ I spoke just now is a young doctor.A.who B.to whom C.whom D.that（）

11、Is this the factory __________ you visited the other day?

A.that

B.where

C.in which

D.the one（）

12、Is this factory __________ some foreign friends visited last Friday?

A.that

B.where

C.which

D.the one（）

13、Is this the factory __________ he worked ten years ago?

A.that

B.where

C.which

D.the one（）

14、Mr.Herpin is one of the foreign experts who ______ in China.A.works B.is working C.are working D.has been working（）

15、Those __________ not only from books but also through practice will succeed.A.learn

B.who

C.that learns D.who learn（）

16、We’re talking about the piano and the pianist __________ were in the concert we attended last night.A.which

B.whom

C.who

D.that

（）

17、He failed in the examination, __________ made his father very angry.A.which

B.it

C.that

D.what

第五篇：定語從句講解和練習

定 語 從 句

在復合句中作定語，修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。它的作用相當于形容詞, 用來修飾主句中的某一個名詞或代詞或整個主句，所以也稱之為形容詞性從句。引導定語從句的詞叫關系詞, 關系詞除起連接作用外還在句中擔當一定的句子成分.被定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞。根據關系詞在從句中充當成分的不同,關系詞可分為

關系代詞: who, whom(people), which(things), that, whose 關系副詞: when, where, why。

Who 指人, 在從句中作主語

e.g.Your friend who studies in the college came to see you yesterday.This is the man who helped me.Whom 指人, 在從句中作動詞或介詞的賓語 e.g.The man whom you want to see has come.The doctor whom you are looking for is in the room.注：whom 通常被省略或用who/that 替換。常用于非限制性定于從句。Which 指物, 在從句中作主語,賓語，Which 在作賓語時可省略。e.g.Here is the book which tells about grammar.I have found the car which you lost yesterday.有時候，定語從句指的不是它前面的名詞，而是整個句子 e.g.He showed me a photo which upset me.He tore up my photo, which upset me.正確使用關系代詞, a.關系代詞前要有名詞(代詞)b.關系代詞在所引導的定語從句中要充當主語,賓語 c.否則,關系代詞前要接介詞, 該介詞可移至句尾.e.g.He is a man whom I enjoy working with.Whom 前有名詞, whom是賓格, 在從句中作賓語。Enjoy 後的動名詞working是由不及物 動詞轉化Whom 不能直接作賓語, 所以要加介詞。e.g.He is a man for/ with whom I enjoy working.For 可移至句尾：e.g.He is a man whom I enjoy working with/ for.Whom/ which 作介詞后作賓語時不能省略.限定性定語從句與非限定性定語從句

非限定性定語從句用于對主句先行詞的補充說明，沒有它不影響主句意思的完整，常用逗號把主句和從句分開。從句中作賓語的關系代詞不能省略。

e.g.We were given a lovely double room, which had a sea view.I, who am blind, advise you to use your eyes well.專有名詞, 如: John, Peter, Beijing 獨一性名詞, 如: my father/mother, my school 被定語從句修飾時, 由于本身具有特殊性,不需被定語從句加以限定。e.g.I like John, who works hard.I like my school, which is famous.限定性定語從句用于對主句先行詞加以限制或分類，是句中不可缺少的組成部分，主句和從句之間不能用逗號分開。

普通名詞不具有特殊性,定語從句為先行詞不可缺少的定語,省

去了則主句的意思就會不完整.從句前不可加逗號.e.g.I like the boy who studies hard.Is this the book which you were looking for.作關系代詞的 that 的用法: that 可以代替who, whom, which, 可指人,物，在從句中作主語, 賓語, 表語。e.g.Who is the man that is reading the newspaper.He is the man(whom/ that)I can trust.The letter(that /which)I received was from my father.注：作表語表身份時只能用that: e.g.He is not the man(who ×)that he was ten years ago.He is not the happy boy that he used to be.The teacher that you are should know how to teach grammar.在限制性定于從句中，用that替換其他關系代詞who, whom, which 應注意: 1.其前不可置介詞

2.其前不可有逗點(不可用于非限定性定語從句)e.g.The earth on which we live is a big ball.The earth that / which we live on is a big ball.由that 引導的定語從句

1.先行詞為不定代詞：all/ both/ neither/ none/ either/ each/ other/ others/ another/ much/ many/ few/ little/ one/ some/ anything/ nothing/everything等 e.g.All that we can do is to believe her.Is there anything that I can do for you.Much you have read is nonsense.2.先行詞被形容詞最高級, 序數詞, 修飾時

e.g.The first lesson that he gave was interesting.It is the most beautiful park that I have ever been to.This is the best that can be done now.3.先行詞被不定代詞all, every, no, some, any, little, few, much, each等, 和the only, the very, the same, the last修飾時 e.g.This is the very dictionary that I want.The only thing that we could do was to wait.You may borrow any book that interest you.I have read all the books(that)you gave me.4.先行詞為數詞時

e.g.I caught two fish yesterday.Now you can see the two that are still alive.5.先行詞既有人又有物

e.g.The writer and his novel that you have just talked about are well known.6.如果有兩個定語從句, 應避免重復

e.g.The student that was punished is the monitor who studies hard.He built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.7.當句中已有who/ which時,定語從句要用that 而不用who(m)/ which e.g.Who is the person that is standing at the gate.Who is the man that is reading the newspaper? Which of us that knows something about physics does not know this.Of whom/which, etc.名詞和不定代詞(some, any, none, all, both, several, enough, many and few)可以和 of whom/ of which 連用

e.g.It’s a family of eight children, all of whom are studying music.He has written a book, the name of which I have forgotten.We’ve tested these boots, none of which is completely waterproof.這種結構也可以和表數量（quantity）和最高級（the superlatives）連用 e.g.a number of whom/three of which/half of which The majority of whom/the youngest of whom Of whom/which 在從句中作主語時，有以下兩種結構

e.g.Do you see the house the windows of which are all broken?(of which the windows)The eighty passengers, ten of whom were British, all escaped.(of whom ten)

定語從句和不定式

介詞 + 關系代詞 可以和不定式連用

e.g.We moved to the country so the children would have a garden in which to play.沒有介詞，不能用這種結構 I can’t think of anybody whom to invite.即使有介詞，這種結構也非常正式和不常見的，我們常用更簡單的結構。(?a garden to play in;?neighbours to quarrel with).Which as determiner 有時用抽象名詞(case, point, reason, situation, time等)來總結主句的內容時，which 可以用作限定詞，構成‘介詞+which+抽象名詞’ 構成定語從句。可以和名詞連用的這種結構很正式，常用在介詞之后，對所提的事進行不從說明。

e.g.He may be late, in which case we ought to wait for him.He lost his temper, at which point I decided to go home.Ten years of hard work changed her greatly, for which reason he could hardly recognize her at first sight.It rained all night, during which time the ship broke in pieces.Whose 為關系代詞所有格, 由his/ her/ their/ my/ your/ its 等所有格變化而成.在引導的定語從句中作定語,可指人/物

e.g.This is John, whose father is a teacher.People whose home are in town want to live in the country.使用whose時要遵守下列原則

1.whose之前要有名詞

2.whose之后的名詞在從句中要做主語,賓語 3.否則, whose 之前要有介詞,介詞可移至句尾 e.g.I like John, whose father I don’t like.I like John, whose brother I want to make friends with.可用 the...of which/ of which...the 替換

e.g.I don’t like the building whose roof is blue.I don’t like the building the roof of which is blue.I don’t like the building of which the roof is blue.Of which除可以表示所屬關系外，還可用來表示整體和部分的關系，而whose 不能。e.g.He borrowed a book of which the author was a peasant.The Chinese team got 16 gold medals, of which 12 were won by women.What 關系代詞 that 指代其前面的名詞，重復其語義.what 不是重復前面名詞，而是包括名詞的語義what = the things that?

e.g.I gave her just the money she needed.I gave her just what she needed.The thing that I’d like is a digital watch.What I’d like is a digital watch.As 關系代詞,常用在 the same...as/ such...as/ as...as 句型中 The same...as e.g.(主)He is the same person as come here yesterday.(賓)I have the same book as he is reading.(表)He is not the same man as he used to be.Such...as e.g.He is not such a man as will tell a lie.He is not such a bad man as you just talked about.Such a good student as he is will succeed.As...as e.g.He has as much money as is required.I have as many books as you(do).He is as good a student as Mary(is).Such...as引導定語從句/such...that結果狀語從句

e.g.They talked in such simple English as children could understand.They talked in such simple English that children could understand it.I will provide you with such things as you may need.He shut the window with such a force that the glass broke.The same...as 兩物相似/the same...that描述的是同一物 e.g.This is the same bag as I lost yesterday.This is the same bag that I lost yesterday.As引導非限定性定語從句，代表主句或主句的一部分所表達的意思（通常不能指代某個名詞或代詞），可以放在主句前、后或中間，在從句中作主語、賓語或表語，表示 ‘正如.../ 正像...’ A主語

e.g.As be said(announced, reported, known, seen, mentioned)As was reported on TV, the plane crashed.B賓語 e.g.As we know/as we all can see...C表語 e.g.As he is, he seems clever.which 引導非限定性定語從句一般不能放在主句前，而as 引導非限定性定語從句可放在句未，也可放在句中、句首。在句首時不能用which 替換。e.g.Crusoe lost his dog, which made him very sad Taiwan is part of China, as/which is known to all.As we have seen, oceans cover more than 70 percent of the earth.3.as引導非限定性定語從句時，意為“這一點、這件事”，常與 see，hope，expect，know，guess等動詞搭配；which引導非限定性定語從句與主句有一種因果關系，可譯為“所以??”。e.g.Cyprus, as you all know, is in the Mediterranean.Bamboo is hollow, which makes it very light.非限定性定語從句中，謂語動詞是連系動詞時，可以用as/which作主語。如果從句謂語動詞 是行為動詞，則必須用which。

e.g.He married her, as was natural.She refused to take the medicine, which made her mother angry.It rained hard yesterday, which prevented her from going to Shenyang.He is absent, as is often the case.But 的用法

But本身具有否定意義，相當于who/which/that...not But的先行詞往往是否定意義的代詞或名詞詞組，用雙重否定表強烈肯定 But的這一用法常見于在從句中作主語

There is no one but knows about this affair.(who doesn’t know about)There are few dictionaries but have a misprint or two.(that don’t have)

Than 的用法

用作關系代詞時，可在從句中作主語，其后直接接謂語。Don’t give him more money than is necessary.He smoked fewer cigarettes than were available.先行詞被比較級修飾,用關系代詞than連接 He did more than was required.The room is much bigger than suited my purpose.沒有明確的先行詞，有時把than看作連詞，其后省略了it。但實際使用中，than后從來不補上it，因為than本身在從句中可用作主語。

定 語 從 句 練習

用適當的詞填空

1.He is the teacher usually helps us out.2.Who’s the teacher is in a red dress? 3.He is the teacher daughter won the first prize yesterday.4.I’ll tell you all he told me last month.5.I’ll tell you he told me last month.6.He talked a lot about things and persons ________they remembered in the school.7.I have bought such a watch _______ was advertised on TV.8.There are 2,000 workers here, two thirds of are women.9.we know now, bats come out only at night.10.Crousoe’s dog became ill and died, made him very lonely.單句改錯

1.This is one of the best books which have ever been written.2.She is the girl whom I guess is a good student.3.This is the mountain which the top is always covered with snow.4.All is needed is a supply of oil.5.This is the new type of plane which parts are made in China.6.They talked about the people and things which they saw on their way to school.7.Is this museum the one which you visited last Saturday? 8.The boy with who John spoke is my brother.9.Will you please lend me the very book which you bought yesterday? 10.He lived in London for 3 years, during that time he learned some English.單項填空

1.The place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace.A.Which B.Where C.What D./ 2.Do you know the man _______? A.whom I spoke B.to who spoke C.I spoke to D.that I spoke 3.I have two grammars, ______are of great use.A.all of which B.either of which C.both of that D.both of which 4.He is working hard, ______will make him pass the final exam.A.that B.which C.for which D.who 5.That is the day ______I'll never forget.A.which B.on which C.in which D.when 6.The thief handed everything he had stolen to the police.A.which B.what C.whatever D.that 7.I want to use the same tools _______used in your factory a few days ago.A.as was B.which was C.as were D.which 8.This is one of the best films _______.A.that have been shown this year B.that have shown C.that has been shown this year D.that you talked 9.Can you lend me the book ______the other day? A.about which you talked B.which you talked C.about that you talked D.that you talked 10.The pen ______he is writing is mine.A.with which B.in which C.on which D.by which 11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of ______sat a small boy.A.whom B.who C.which D.that 12.--Why does she always ask you for help?--There is no one else , is there? A.who to turn to B.she can turn to C.for whom to turn D.for her to turn 13.It there anyone in your class ______family is in the country? A.who B.who's C.which D.whose 14.I'm interested in ______you have said.A.all that B.all what C.that D.which 15.I want to use the same dictionary ______was used yesterday.A.which B.who C.what D.as 16.He isn't such a man ______he used to be.A.who B.whom C.that D.as 17.The way ______he looks at problems is wrong.A.which B.whose C.what D./ 18.Li Ming, ______to the concert enjoyed it very much.A.I went with B.with whom I went C.with who I went D.I went with him 19.I lost a book, ______I can't remember now.A.whose title B.its title C.the title of it D.the title of that 20.You're the only person ______I've ever met ______could do it.A.who;/ B./;whom C.whom;/ D./;who

參考答案及解析

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