第一篇：2011年高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí) 語(yǔ)法篇-定語(yǔ)從句金學(xué)案 新人教版

2011年高考一輪復(fù)習(xí)英語(yǔ)（人教版）金學(xué)案語(yǔ)法篇定語(yǔ)從句

1．定語(yǔ)從句是貫穿整個(gè)高中階段語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)的重點(diǎn)，是高考測(cè)試必考的熱點(diǎn)，尤其是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句更是命題的重中之重，其關(guān)系詞as與which的用法區(qū)別仍是未來(lái)命題的核心。

2．定語(yǔ)從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句型、同位語(yǔ)從句融合在一起進(jìn)行考查。這樣既考查句式結(jié)構(gòu)的辨析能力，又能考查關(guān)系詞與其他連接詞的區(qū)分運(yùn)用能力。3．介詞＋關(guān)系代詞結(jié)構(gòu)的準(zhǔn)確選擇和運(yùn)用。

4．形式上仍以單項(xiàng)填空、短文改錯(cuò)為主，完形填空、閱讀理解中的長(zhǎng)句理解為輔，對(duì)定語(yǔ)從句進(jìn)行綜合運(yùn)用考查。

關(guān)系詞選擇是高考考查的重點(diǎn)。做好定語(yǔ)從句有關(guān)試題，必須牢記三要點(diǎn)：

(1)首先分析從句是否為定語(yǔ)從句，而這在很大程度上取決于整句的邏輯含義。

(2)分析定語(yǔ)從句的成分，看從句是否缺主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)等，因?yàn)橐龑?dǎo)(關(guān)系)詞在定語(yǔ)從句中是必須充當(dāng)一定成分的(或主語(yǔ)、或賓語(yǔ)、或狀語(yǔ))。(3)觀察先行詞的特點(diǎn)：指人或是指物；既指人又指物；是否被某些特殊詞所限定、修飾，句子結(jié)構(gòu)是否特別。

一、that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

先行詞是指物或人的名詞或不定代詞。先行詞是指人的名詞時(shí)，若that在從句中作賓語(yǔ)，可用whom替換，也可以省略；若that在從句中作主語(yǔ)，可用who替換；先行詞是指事物的名詞時(shí)，若that在從句中作賓語(yǔ)，可用which替換。以下情況，引導(dǎo)詞用that，不用which。

1．先行詞為不定代詞everything，little，much，all，anything，nothing或被不定代詞修飾時(shí)。Finally，the thief handed everything that he had stolen.2．先行詞前有形容詞最高級(jí)、序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)，用that引導(dǎo)。This is the best book(that)I’ve ever read.3．先行詞被the only，the very，the last修飾時(shí)，用that引導(dǎo)。This is the only book that I want to read now.4．先行詞同時(shí)指人和指物時(shí)，用that引導(dǎo)。

We talked about the things and persons that we saw then.5．定語(yǔ)從句內(nèi)容為解釋名詞的性質(zhì)、概念時(shí)，需用that引導(dǎo)。A plane is a machine that can fly.6．由which和who提問的句子由that引導(dǎo)。

用心

愛心

專心

Which is the dictionary that you want to buy?

二、關(guān)系代詞which的用法

先行詞必須是指物或事的名詞。若which在從句中作主語(yǔ)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在人稱和數(shù)上應(yīng)與先行詞保持一致；若which在從句中作及物動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以省略，但用于介詞后面，作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，不能省略；“介詞＋which”引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，選用介詞應(yīng)根據(jù)介詞和先行詞的習(xí)慣搭配或從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和介詞所構(gòu)成的固定詞組，介詞既可置于which的前面，又可放在從句謂語(yǔ)后面。1．The games in which the young men competed were difficult.2．You’d better not drink water which has not been boiled.which除在介詞后面作賓語(yǔ)或引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句不能用關(guān)系代詞that替換外，其他情況均可用that來(lái)替換。which引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，其先行詞可是一個(gè)詞，也可是整個(gè)主句或主句的某一部分。

三、who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

先行詞必須是指人的名詞。who在從句中通常作主語(yǔ)，從句的謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)與先行詞在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致，口語(yǔ)中可用that代替who；有時(shí)who在從句中也可作賓語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于whom或that，但不能直接在介詞后面作賓語(yǔ)。

四、whom引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

先行詞是指人的名詞。whom在從句中作及物動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語(yǔ)，在口語(yǔ)中可用who或that替換，也可以省略，但“介詞＋whom”引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，不能用who或that替換，也不能省略，介詞依據(jù)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞而定。

五、介詞＋關(guān)系代詞 1．“of＋which/whom”可用來(lái)限定名詞、代詞、分?jǐn)?shù)詞、數(shù)詞等。2．關(guān)系代詞前介詞的確定。

(1)根據(jù)從句中動(dòng)詞與先行詞的邏輯關(guān)系。

Is that the newspaper for which you often write articles?(2)根據(jù)從句中動(dòng)詞或形容詞的習(xí)慣搭配。

Can you explain to me how to use these idioms about which I’m sure?(3)根據(jù)先行詞與介詞的搭配習(xí)慣。

1949 was the year in which the P．R.C.was founded.(4)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，要表示先行詞的一部分時(shí)，可用“數(shù)詞/代詞＋of＋關(guān)系代詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)。There are 50 students in our class，two thirds of whom have been to Beijing.(5)whose從句可轉(zhuǎn)換為“of＋關(guān)系代詞”型。

They live in a house，whose door opens to the south.→They lived in a house，of which the door opens to the south.→They lived in a house，the door of which opens to the south.六、關(guān)系副詞的運(yùn)用

在限定性和非限定性從句中，when的先行詞是時(shí)間名詞，where的先行詞是地點(diǎn)名詞，分別在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)。

七、as與which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

兩者均可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞都可指整個(gè)句子，都可在從句中作主、表、賓語(yǔ)，有時(shí)可以互換，但下列情況多用as。

用心

愛心

專心

1．關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句居句首時(shí)。

2．當(dāng)與such或the same連用時(shí)，一般用as。

Have you read such a book as I bought yesterday? 3．a(chǎn)s在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，后面常接行為動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，如be known，be said，be reported等，如果從句中行為動(dòng)詞是主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，一般要用which作主語(yǔ)。

1．不能透徹地理解關(guān)系詞具有的三種功能

在從句開頭引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句；指代或替代先行詞且先行詞不可省，引導(dǎo)詞有時(shí)可省；在定語(yǔ)從句中作適當(dāng)成分。Put the book________it should be when you have finished reading it.A．where

B．in which C．a(chǎn)t the place D．the place where 此題答案為A，但where并非引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，而是一個(gè)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句。學(xué)生極易選B或C。選B錯(cuò)在in which若引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，其前的先行詞不可省，而book不能作表地點(diǎn)的先行詞；選C若看成一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，倒是有先行詞the place，但定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞在從句中要作表語(yǔ)，此時(shí)引導(dǎo)詞不能省；在從句中作賓語(yǔ)的時(shí)候引導(dǎo)詞能省。

此題答案為A，但where并非引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，而是一個(gè)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句。學(xué)生極易選B或C。選B錯(cuò)在in which若引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，其前的先行詞不可省，而book不能作表地點(diǎn)的先行詞；選C若看成一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，倒是有先行詞the place，但定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞在從句中要作表語(yǔ)，此時(shí)引導(dǎo)詞不能省；在從句中作賓語(yǔ)的時(shí)候引導(dǎo)詞能省。

3．不注意“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)的介詞的習(xí)慣搭配

一般來(lái)說(shuō)應(yīng)依據(jù)如下四點(diǎn)選擇合適的介詞：介詞與定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞是一種習(xí)慣性搭配；介詞與從句中的動(dòng)詞是一種習(xí)慣性搭配；介詞與定語(yǔ)從句中的形容詞一起構(gòu)成一種習(xí)慣性的短語(yǔ)；表示所有格或整體與部分關(guān)系時(shí)用介詞of。The gentleman________you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.A．who B．a(chǎn)bout whom C．whom D．with whom 此題極易選為A或C。依據(jù)習(xí)慣搭配只能說(shuō)tell sb.sth.或tell sb.about sth.(sb.)，而不能說(shuō)tell sb.sb.，故A和C有誤，答案應(yīng)為B。4．不能準(zhǔn)確斷句

The rich，for________money was not a problem，wanted to stay at an expensive hotel.A．their B．his C．whose D．whom 此題學(xué)生易把for看做表原因而選A，卻不知for表原因往往表達(dá)的是推測(cè)原因或補(bǔ)充原因；又易看到whose可以修飾money而選whose，兩種錯(cuò)誤的原因在于斷句不清。此句應(yīng)斷句為money was not a problem for the rich，for表“相對(duì)于”，故答案為D。5．在定語(yǔ)從句中加了多余的定語(yǔ)

用心

愛心

專心

(1)[誤]Some of the boys I invited them didn’t come.[正]Some of the boys I invited didn’t come.[譯]我邀請(qǐng)的男孩中有幾個(gè)沒有來(lái)。

[析]應(yīng)刪去them，因?yàn)閺木涞馁e語(yǔ)是省略了的whom，who或that。(2)[誤]The book that you need it is in the library.[正]The book that you need is in the library.[譯]你需要的書在圖書館里。

[析]應(yīng)刪去it，因?yàn)閺木涞馁e語(yǔ)是關(guān)系代詞that。6．誤省略了定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞

(1)[誤]Children eat a lot of sugar often have bad teeth.[正]Children who/that eat a lot of sugar often have bad teeth.[譯]吃糖多的孩子往往牙齒不好。

[析]應(yīng)加上關(guān)系代詞who或that，因?yàn)閺木渖僦髡Z(yǔ)，且主語(yǔ)不能省略。(2)[誤]The key opens the bike is missing.[正]The key that/which opens the bike is missing.[譯]開這輛自行車的鑰匙不見了。

[析]應(yīng)加上關(guān)系代詞 that或which，因?yàn)閺木渖僦髡Z(yǔ)，且主語(yǔ)不能省略。7．不注意符號(hào)

標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)在定語(yǔ)從句中，尤其是以逗號(hào)連接主從句的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作用極大，又極易被學(xué)生忽視。

一般情況下兩句話間以逗號(hào)連接，則兩句話間應(yīng)是一種邏輯上的主從關(guān)系(特殊情況除外)；另外that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。Carol said the work would be done by October，________personally I doubt very much.A．it B．that C．when D．which 此題答案為D，而易錯(cuò)項(xiàng)為A或B。據(jù)逗號(hào)可知兩句話應(yīng)為主從關(guān)系，即后一部分只能是一個(gè)從屬于前一個(gè)句子的從句，而which能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，代替前面整句話情況且充當(dāng)doubt的賓語(yǔ)，故D項(xiàng)正確。that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句；it可作主語(yǔ)卻無(wú)法引導(dǎo)一個(gè)從句。此題如果一定要用it代替前面一句話，則可考慮改為：Carol...by October and personally I doubt it very much.用心

愛心

專心 4

第二篇：英語(yǔ)：定語(yǔ)從句教學(xué)案

定語(yǔ)從句教案

定語(yǔ)從句

I 概念

定語(yǔ)從句通常是指用來(lái)修飾或限制某一名詞或代詞的從句，其作用相當(dāng)于形容詞。1.先行詞：被定語(yǔ)從句所修飾和限制的名詞或代詞稱之為先行詞。2.關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞。

關(guān)系代詞

that, which, who, whom, whose, as, but, than 關(guān)系詞

關(guān)系副詞 when, where, why 解題思路：找先行詞，看先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)何種成分，然后確定用何種關(guān)系詞。He still lives in the house ______is in the north of the city.He still lives in the house ______window faces to the south.He still lives in the house ____there is a piece of furniture.(先行詞分別在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。因此分別用which/that;whose;where.)I’ll never forget the days ______we spent together.I’ll never forget the days ______we stayed together.(先行詞the days分別在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。因此分別用which/that;in which/ when.)The reason ______he gave us was reasonable.The reason ______he didn’t attend the meeting was that he was ill.(先行詞the reason分別在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)、原因狀語(yǔ)。因此分別用which/that;why.)This is the only way ______you can find.I didn’t like the way _____he spoke to his mother.(先行詞分別在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)、方式狀語(yǔ)。因此分別用that或省略；in which/that或省略)那么該如何確定關(guān)系詞呢？首先看在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中： 一 當(dāng)先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)/賓補(bǔ)時(shí)：

主語(yǔ)

賓語(yǔ)

表語(yǔ)/賓補(bǔ) 人

who;that who;whom;that;/

that 物

which, that

which;that;/

that 人和物 that

that;/

that

1)The lady who/that came to our class is from Australia.2)I visited the country which/that had been bombed by the US-led NATO a month before.3)He is the person(who/whom/that)I met in the park yesterday.4)I’ll never forget the years(which/that)I spent with my cousin in Australia? 5)Watch the girl and her dog that are crossing the street.6)We liked the farmers and their farm(that)we visited yesterday.7)He is not the man that he used to be.8)Hong Kong isn’t the city that it used to be.9)I’m not the fool that you thought me.注意：

1.先行詞指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般用who或that都可以。但在下列情況下，通常用who，而不用that。

1)當(dāng)先行詞是people, those, one/ones, anyone/anybody等時(shí)

People who can see sometimes act just as foolishly.Those who were either fools or unfit for their offices could not see the cloth.

定語(yǔ)從句教案

Anyone/Anybody who breaks the rules is punished.One who doesn’t work hard will never be happy.2)He who??用于諺語(yǔ)、格言中

He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man不到長(zhǎng)城非好漢 He who plays with fire gets burnt.玩火者必自焚

He who makes no mistakes makes nothing.不犯錯(cuò)誤的人一事無(wú)成 He laughs best who laughs last.誰(shuí)笑到最后，誰(shuí)笑得最好.He who hesitates is lost.當(dāng)斷不斷,必受其亂 3)在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中

Charlie Chaplin, who died in 1977, is considered one of the greatest and funniest actors in the history of the cinema.4)在分隔定語(yǔ)從句中

A new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach you German.教你們德語(yǔ)的老師明天來(lái)

5)一個(gè)句子帶有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，一個(gè)用who，另一個(gè)用that.The student who was praised at the meeting is the monitor that is very modest and studies very hard.在會(huì)上受到表?yè)P(yáng)的那個(gè)學(xué)生是班長(zhǎng)，他謙虛好學(xué) 2.在下列情況下,通常用that,而不用who 1)先行詞前面有the first, the last, the only或the same等所修飾時(shí) She is the last man(that)I want to see.她是我最不愿意見到的人

She is the only person that understands me.She is the same teacher that was praised the other day.2)主句是以who或which開頭的特殊疑問句時(shí)

Who that has common sense will do such a thing? Which one of us that knows something about physics does not know this? 3.先行詞是物，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般用which或that都可以。但在下列情況下, 通常用that，而不用which.。

1).先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)或者序數(shù)詞所修飾時(shí)，通常用that This is the best article that has been written on the subject.This is the first composition(that)I have written in English.2).當(dāng)先行詞是all, any, anything, nothing, everything, much, little 等時(shí)，通常用that I have done all(that)you told me to.Is there anything(that)I can do for you? This book contains much/little that is useful.3).當(dāng)先行詞被all, any, the very, the only, the last 等修飾時(shí)，通常用that.All the books that have been selected are useful ones.Is there any question that troubles you much? Corn was not the only food that was taken to Europe.4).主句是which開頭的特殊疑問句時(shí)，通常用that.Which of the books that you have read is the most instructive? 4.在下列情況下，通常用which，而不用that.1)介詞的賓語(yǔ)

定語(yǔ)從句教案

He paid the boy 10 dollars for washing ten windows, most of which had not been cleaned for years.2)在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，代表前面的名詞或整個(gè)句子

One of the Charlie Chaplin’s most famous films was “The Gold Rush”, which was made in 1925.Carol said the work would be done by October, which personally I doubt very much.The weather turned out to be very good, which was more than we could expect.5.當(dāng)先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞通常不能省略。但是，當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句是there be 結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，可以省略

We must make full use of the time(that)there is left to us and do as much as I can for the people.我要充分利用我剩下的歲月盡量為人民多做些事 This is the fastest train(that)there is to Nanjing.這是到南京的最快的一班車

6.注意下列兩種句式的定語(yǔ)從句： 1)It is(high/about)time(that)?過去式

2)It/This/That is/will be the first/second/third?time(that)?

從句的時(shí)態(tài)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) It/This/That was the first/second/third?time(that)?

從句的時(shí)態(tài)用過去完成時(shí) It is time we went to bed It is the first time that he has come to meet me at the station.It will be the second time that I have been there.It was the first time that he had passed the examination in English.7.注意避免出現(xiàn)以下幾種情況：

1)The storybook(which/that)I have just read it cannot be easily forgotten.定語(yǔ)從句中不可使用與關(guān)系詞意義相重復(fù)的詞。應(yīng)刪除it，因?yàn)閕t與關(guān)系代詞which/that在意義相重復(fù)。

2)Her two daughters who are studying in Beijing.缺少謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)去掉who，改為Her two daughters are studying in Beijing.3)Prices of daily goods are bought through a computer can be lower than store prices.兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，缺少連接詞。改為Prices of daily goods(which are)bought through a computer can be lower than store prices.4)Is this museum they visited last week? 缺少表語(yǔ)，加上the one 使句子成立。改為Is this museum the one they visited last week? /Is this the museum they visited last week? 5)We all like Harry because he is a man whom everybody thinks is pleasant to get along with.將whom改為who.everybody thinks是插入語(yǔ)。

He made another wonderful discovery, which I think is of great importance to science.二 當(dāng)先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ)時(shí)： 指人 指物

broken 2)Do you know the man whose house(the house of whom/of whom the house)was burned down? 2.“介詞+whose+賓語(yǔ)” 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。

whose of whom whose

of which 1)They study in a classroom whose windows(the windows of which/of which the windows)are

定語(yǔ)從句教案

1)The boss in whose department Mr.King worked called at the hospital.2)The engineer, from whose doctor we know all the truth, was put in a women’s room.3)The doctor, with whose help the sick child was saved, is very kind to her patients.3 在下列情況下，只能用of whom, of which.而不用whose引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。1).定語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)是some, most, many, few, much, little等時(shí).About 200 people, many of whom were Europeans, worked on the project.Those foreign engineers, most of whom have never been to China before, are enjoying their work here.They gave me much ink, little of which is red.2).定語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)是all, none, both, neither, each等時(shí)

She has two sons, both of whom are PLA men.He gave us many books, none of which was interesting.3).定語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)是數(shù)詞時(shí)

In Barcelona the Chinese team got 16 gold medals, 12 of which/of which 12 were won by women.There are forty-five students in our class, two thirds of whom are girls.4).在定語(yǔ)從句中作表語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)時(shí)

Look!There come a lot of students, of whom Lucy is one.The stories about the Long March, of which this is one example, are well written.三 當(dāng)先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)： 狀語(yǔ) 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)

地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)

原因狀語(yǔ)

方式狀語(yǔ) when where why in which;that;/ 1).My girl friend told me the day on which /when she was born.2)The bookstore in which/where his sister works is the largest one in Nanjing.3).The reason for which /why I’m writing to you is to tell you about a party on Saturday.4).I don’t like the way(in which / that)you speak to her.注意：

1.when/where=at/in/on which等 why=for which.2.原因狀語(yǔ)其先行詞通常是reason，方式狀語(yǔ)其先行詞通常是way 3.當(dāng)先行詞是situation, point, case, conditions等相當(dāng)于under which, in which等。表示“在什么情況下，從??中”。He has got himself into a dangerous situation where he has no control.The newly-married couple quarreled so much that they reached the point where they had to separate from each other.這對(duì)新婚夫婦吵架吵得這么兇，以至于到了不得不分手的地步 we had to face the conditions where pressure was heavy.我們必須面對(duì)壓力很大的情況 四 as的用法: 1.引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句

當(dāng)先行詞被the same, such, so, as所修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞通常用as 1).You have the same opinion as I have.2).He’s such a funny sort of person as I don’t understand at all 3).Here is so heavy a stone as no one can remove.4).You will see as many children as come 你將見到所有到來(lái)的孩子們 比較：

定語(yǔ)從句教案

That is the same bike as I lost.那輛自行車和我丟失的一模一樣(the same?as ?泛指同一類)That is the same bike that I lost.那就是我丟失的那輛自行車(the same?that?特指同一個(gè))2.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句

as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，代表整個(gè)句子的概念，在句子中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ)。可以位于句首、句末或者句中。

As was usual with him, he went out for a walk after dinner.他又像往常一樣，吃完晚飯后出去散步了

He was late for school, as is often the case.他上學(xué)遲到了，這一點(diǎn)對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)是常有的事 The Beatles, as many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool.你們這樣年紀(jì)的人大多還記得披頭士樂隊(duì)吧，他們都是利物浦人 3.as和which的區(qū)別

as與which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，代表整個(gè)句子的概念時(shí),意思是“這一點(diǎn)”。常常可以通用。

This elephant is like a snake, as/which anybody can see.但是: 1).as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，代表整個(gè)句子的概念，可以位于句首、句末或者句中。而which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只能位于句末。

As is known to us everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.= The moon travels round the earth once every month, as is known to us everybody.= The moon, as is known to us everybody, travels round the earth once every month.2)as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，除了具有which的功能外，還多了一層含義：“正如??所（期待/預(yù)料/想象/猜測(cè)/知道/??）的那樣”。Cyprus, as you know, is an island in the Mediterranean.He was punished, as I had expected.3)當(dāng)從句和主句語(yǔ)義一致時(shí)，用as；反之用which.She has married again, as was expected.She has married again, which was unexpected.4)定語(yǔ)從句是主謂賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)或是否定句時(shí)，用which而不用as.Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, which, of course, made the others unhappy.Betty always tells a lie, which her parents find strange.Mr.Smith usually praises his student Rose in public, which she doesn’t like at all.五 but的用法: but作關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),用于否定詞語(yǔ)之后,相當(dāng)于who do/does not或that do/does not意思是 “無(wú)人/事物不??”.There is no man but feels pity for starving children.= There is no man who does not feel pity for starving children 沒有人不同情那些嗷嗷待哺的孩子

There is not one of us but wishes to help you.= There is not one of us that does not wish to help you.我們沒有一個(gè)人不想幫助你 六 than的用法: than作為關(guān)系代詞，引導(dǎo)的一個(gè)帶有比較意義的定語(yǔ)從句。

其先行詞是more或者more所修飾的詞。在從句中做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)。

Yesterday he ate more than was good for him.昨天他吃的太多了，對(duì)健康沒好處。

定語(yǔ)從句教案

You spent more money than was intended to be spent.你花的錢超出了原來(lái)的打算 II 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句

非限制性定語(yǔ)從句通常和主句之間用逗號(hào)隔開。主語(yǔ) 指人 who

指物 which 賓語(yǔ) 指人

指物 定語(yǔ) 狀語(yǔ) whom which

whose 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) when where

地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)

Einstein, who cared little for money, made great contributions to modern physics.The young musician, whom you often talk about, will go abroad for further study.The museum, which we visited last week, is newly built.His grandfather was born in 1937, when the Anti-Japanese War broke out.Galileo lived in the city of Pisa, where there is a leaning tower about 180 feet high.注意: 1.that;why不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。

先行詞在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，不能省略。指人用whom，指物用which.。

2.限制性定語(yǔ)從句是主句不可缺少的一部分，不用逗號(hào)隔開，翻譯成“ ??的”.而非限制性定語(yǔ)從句是對(duì)主句的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，常用逗號(hào)隔開，翻譯成兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句。比較：

Her brother who is a teacher is strict with her.她那位當(dāng)老師的哥哥對(duì)她要求嚴(yán)格（不止一個(gè)哥哥）Her brother, who is a teacher, is strict with her.她哥哥是一位老師，對(duì)她要求嚴(yán)格（只有一個(gè)哥哥）

The journalists who reached Beijing yesterday have already started to work.昨天到達(dá)北京的那些記者們已經(jīng)開始工作了（暗示還有更早到達(dá)或尚未到達(dá)的記者們）

The journalists, who reached Beijing yesterday, have already started to work.那些記者們已經(jīng)開始工作了，他們是昨天到達(dá)北京的

3.當(dāng)先行詞是人名、地名等專有名詞時(shí)，或當(dāng)先行詞是世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物時(shí)，一般用非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。

Abraham Lincoln, who led the United States through these years, was shot on April 14,1865 at a theatre in Washington D.C.His father, who is a drug-taker, is very weak.I have been to Mount Everest, which is the highest mountain in the world.The earth, which we live on, is round.4.破折號(hào)后面和括號(hào)里面的定語(yǔ)從句看作是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句 The government----which promised to cut taxes----will be popular.這個(gè)政府將會(huì)得人心,它保證要減稅

The house(for which he really paid too much money)stands in a large garden.那房子座落在一個(gè)大花園里,那房子他確實(shí)買貴了 III 介詞+關(guān)系詞

介詞+whom(人)、which(物)

定語(yǔ)從句教案

1．這一結(jié)構(gòu)用什么關(guān)系詞取決于先行詞的指代.指人用whom,指物用which..注意不能用who或that,也不能省略.用什么介詞取決于定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)及“介詞+whom/which”在句中的作用.He is the man for whom my sister bought a gift.(先行詞指人,用whom, 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是buy sth.for sb.這一習(xí)慣搭配.故用for whom)The two things of/about which Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms of English.(先行詞指物，用which.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是be sure of /about這一習(xí)慣搭配.故用of/about which)2.這一結(jié)構(gòu)中的介詞的位置比較靈活.但是“動(dòng)詞+介詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般不拆開.The person(who/whom/that)you should write to is Mr.Ball.=The person to whom you should write is Mr.Ball.Nearby were two canoes(which /that)they had come to the island in.=Nearby were two canoes in which they had come to the island.The babies(who/whom/that)the nurses are looking after are very healthy.Is this the book(which/that)she was looking for? 3.where 和when有時(shí)用作關(guān)系代詞相當(dāng)于which point/place和which time用來(lái)充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句中介詞的賓語(yǔ)

His head soon appeared out of one of the second storey windows, from where he could see nothing but trees.He stood near the north window, from where she could see the whole garden.I met him ten years ago, since when I haven’t seen anything of him.4.介詞+which+賓語(yǔ)

In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 p.m., by which time many people have gone home.(by which time即by after 5:30 p.m.“到五點(diǎn)三十分以后”)Excitement deprived me of all power of utterance, in which case I would but stand there.Water boils at 100C,at which temperature it changes to gas Jane spent four years in college, during which time she studied medicine.Ten years of hard work changed her greatly, for which reason he could hardly recognized her at first sight.I called her by the wrong name, for which mistake I apologize.5.“短語(yǔ)介詞+which”的結(jié)構(gòu).They arrived at a house, in front of which sat a small boy.Sound is a tool by means of which people communicate with each other.He was found disappointed at his failure, because of which he was criticized.四.分隔定語(yǔ)從句

一般說(shuō)來(lái)，定語(yǔ)從句是緊跟在先行詞后面作先行詞的定語(yǔ)，但有時(shí)出于平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)或強(qiáng)調(diào)某個(gè)成份的需要而將定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞分隔開來(lái)。這樣的從句稱為分隔定語(yǔ)從句。I was the only person in my office who was invited.(被狀語(yǔ)分隔)Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago when I came to your house and borrowed a diamond necklace? But the Southern states wanted to set up a country of their own, where they would be free to keep black slaves.(被定語(yǔ)分隔)What have I said that makes you so angry? 我說(shuō)了什么，把你氣成這個(gè)樣子？

定語(yǔ)從句教案

The days are gone when we used foreign oil.(被謂語(yǔ)分隔)The film brought the hours back to me when I was taken good care of in that far-away village.(被賓語(yǔ)分隔)But his enemies, the slave owners in the south and the bankers in big cities, who had grown rich on the work of slaves, could not let Lincoln continue his work.(被同位語(yǔ)分隔)五.定語(yǔ)從句中的主謂一致

(1).先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)以及其形式取決于先行詞。A biologist is a person who has a great knowledge of biology.I, who am your friend, will try my best to help you.(2)在??one of??who/that??的結(jié)構(gòu)中，先行詞是of后面的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式

在??the(only/very)one of??who/that??的結(jié)構(gòu)中，先行詞是the(only/very)one,定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式

He is one of the students in our class who were praised by the headmaster yesterday.他是我班昨天受到校長(zhǎng)表?yè)P(yáng)的學(xué)生中的一個(gè)

He is the only one of the students in our class who was praised by the headmaster yesterday.他就是我班昨天唯一受到校長(zhǎng)表?yè)P(yáng)的那個(gè)學(xué)生 六.定語(yǔ)從句和其他結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別 1.定語(yǔ)從句與分詞

Who is the comrade that is standing by the door? =Who is the comrade standing by the door? They built a highway which leads into the mountains.=They built a highway leading into the mountains.They’re problems that have been left over by history.=They’re problems left over by history.2.定語(yǔ)從句與并列結(jié)構(gòu)、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)

A team of 15 Indian experts are organizing a workforce of 400 Cambodians, most of whom are women.= A team of 15 Indian experts are organizing a workforce of 400 Cambodians, and most of them are women.=A team of 15 Indian experts are organizing a workforce of 400 Cambodians, most of them women.3.定語(yǔ)從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句型

Was it the day on which /when you joined the army?

Was it on the day that you joined the army? 如果It is/was?的后面接的是名詞詞組，一般是定語(yǔ)從句。如果It is/was?的后面接的是副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)，一般是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。4.定語(yǔ)從句與主語(yǔ)從句

Anyone who leaves(Those who leave)the room last ought to turn off the lights.=Whoever leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.As is known to us all, Charles Babbage invented the first computer.=It is known to us all that Charles Babbage invented the first computer.5.定語(yǔ)從句與賓語(yǔ)從句

1)由what-clause引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句

His father’s second wife did all/everything(that)she could(do)to help him.=His father’s second wife did what she could(do)to help him.

定語(yǔ)從句教案

2)介詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句

Kennedy and Johnson, both of whom were murdered in their terms, once co-worked as president and vice-president It was a matter of who would take the position.He will shoot at whoever comes near him.6.定語(yǔ)從句與表語(yǔ)從句

What is worth remembering is the time when we came here =What is worth remembering is when we came here This is the place where we met last time =This is where we met last time Is that the reason why you are late? =Is that why you are late? This is the way(in which/that)the whole city is fed.=This is how the whole city is fed.7.定語(yǔ)從句與同位語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別

We heard the news which/that had spread quickly.We heard the news that our team had won.引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞，在定語(yǔ)從句中必須充當(dāng)句子的成分。

引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的that，在同位語(yǔ)從句只起連接作用，不充當(dāng)句子的成分。that不能省略，也不能用which來(lái)代替。8.定語(yǔ)從句與結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句

He is such a good teacher as we all love and respect =He is such a good teacher that we all love and respect him Here is so difficult a question as no one can answer = Here is so difficult a question that no one can answer it.解題時(shí)，看從句中是否缺少成分。缺少成分as，是定語(yǔ)從句；不缺少成分，用that，是結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。

9定語(yǔ)從句與地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句

After living in Paris for fifty years, he returned to the small town where he grew up as a child.He found her calculator where she lost it.Bamboo grows best in places where it is warm and where it rains often.= Bamboo grows best where it is warm and where it rains often.解題時(shí)，看有沒有表示地點(diǎn)的名詞作先行詞，在從句中充當(dāng)成分。如果有，是定語(yǔ)從句；如果沒有，是地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句。10定語(yǔ)從句與插入語(yǔ)

1)The navy was planning an expedition to the South Pacific Ocean with the purpose of watching a very unusual event, that is the planet Venus passing between the earth and the sun in 1769.that is “即,也就是說(shuō)”。起同位語(yǔ)從句的作用。不能用which is代替。2)He wears, what is common in his country, a red coat.= He, as is common in his country, wears a red coat.= He wears a red coat, which is common in his country.他穿一件紅衣服，這在他的國(guó)家是常見的 Her condition is, what worries me, getting worse.= Her condition, as worries me, is getting worse.=Her condition is getting worse, which worries me.what is common in his country /what worries me在句中作插入成分，起評(píng)注性狀語(yǔ)從句的作用

第三篇：高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)1名詞性從句教學(xué)案

專題11 名詞性從句

考綱展示 命題探究

考點(diǎn)一 主語(yǔ)從句

基礎(chǔ)點(diǎn)

主語(yǔ)從句是在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)的從句，通過放在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前或由形式主語(yǔ)it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。

主語(yǔ)從句的連接詞

在句中起主語(yǔ)作用的從句稱為主語(yǔ)從句。連接主語(yǔ)從句的連接詞主要有三類：從屬連詞、連接代詞和連接副詞。

(1)從屬連詞

從屬連詞主要有兩個(gè)that, whether；從屬連詞在從句中不作任何成分。That he will come to the conference has excited every one of us.他要來(lái)參加會(huì)議使我們每一個(gè)人都十分激動(dòng)。Whether you can succeed depends on yourself.你是否能成功取決于你自己。

特別提醒

if一般(不在句首)引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句。that引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句不能省略。(2)連接代詞

連接代詞在從句中起名詞的作用，作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等，一般表示疑問。who誰(shuí)，whom誰(shuí)(賓格)，whose誰(shuí)的，what什么，which哪一個(gè)，whoever無(wú)論是誰(shuí)，whomever無(wú)論是誰(shuí)(賓格)，whosever無(wú)論是誰(shuí)的，whatever無(wú)論是什么，whichever無(wú)論是哪一個(gè)。

What he wants to tell us is not clear.他要跟我們說(shuō)什么還不清楚。

Whichever of you gets here first will get the prize.你們當(dāng)中第一個(gè)到達(dá)這里的人將獲得這個(gè)獎(jiǎng)品。

特別提醒

主語(yǔ)為從句時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般要用單數(shù)形式；但如果what引導(dǎo)的從句作主語(yǔ)、代表復(fù)數(shù)概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

What we need is water.我們所需要的是水。

What we need are useful books.我們所需要的是有用的書。(3)連接副詞

連接副詞在從句中起副詞的作用，作狀語(yǔ)，一般表示疑問，但有時(shí)不表示疑問。when什么時(shí)候，where在哪里，why為什么，how如何，whenever無(wú)論是什么時(shí)候，wherever無(wú)論在哪里，however無(wú)論如何。

Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.英語(yǔ)晚會(huì)將在哪里舉行還沒有宣布。

Why they suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery.它們?yōu)槭裁赐蝗幌н€是個(gè)謎。

重難點(diǎn)

it作形式主語(yǔ)的主語(yǔ)從句

(1)It＋be＋adj.＋主語(yǔ)從句。常用于該句型的adj.有： necessary必要的 likely可能的 clear清楚的 important重要的 possible可能的 right正確的 wrong錯(cuò)誤的 strange奇怪的 natural自然的 certain肯定的 obvious明顯的

It_is_quite_clear_that the whole project is to fail.很清楚，整個(gè)項(xiàng)目就要失敗。

典例1 It is by no means clear ________the president can do to end the strike.[答案] what 句意：總統(tǒng)可以采取什么措施來(lái)結(jié)束罷工一點(diǎn)兒都不清楚。此句中it是形式主語(yǔ)，代替后面的真正的主語(yǔ)從句，故設(shè)空處應(yīng)填能夠引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的連接詞，由于從句中及物動(dòng)詞do后缺少賓語(yǔ)，故應(yīng)使用連接代詞what。

(2)It＋be＋名詞/名詞詞組＋主語(yǔ)從句。常用于該句型的名詞或名詞詞組有： shame遺憾

pity可惜

hope希望 no wonder難怪 good news好消息

It_is_a_shame_that we should have lost such an important customer.真遺憾我們失去了一位如此重要的客戶。

It_is_our_hope_that the two sides will work together.我們的希望是雙方能夠合作。

(3)It＋be＋過去分詞＋主語(yǔ)從句。常用于該句型的過去分詞有：

said據(jù)說(shuō)

believed被相信

reported據(jù)報(bào)道 thought被認(rèn)為 known所知

It_is_said_that our school will hold a sports meet next week.據(jù)說(shuō)我們學(xué)校下周要舉行運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)。

It_has_been_decided_that they should start the project next month.他們要在下個(gè)月開始這項(xiàng)工程已經(jīng)定下來(lái)了。

(4)It＋特殊動(dòng)詞/動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)＋主語(yǔ)從句。常用于這種結(jié)構(gòu)的特殊動(dòng)詞/動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)有： seem看上去

appear顯得

happen碰巧 matter重要 turn out結(jié)果是

It_happened_that a lion was hiding nearby.剛好有一頭獅子躲在旁邊。

Does it_matter_that I won't attend the meeting tomorrow? 明天我不去參加會(huì)議要緊嗎？

典例2 It doesn't matter ________you turn right or left at the crossing—both roads lead to the park.[答案] whether 句意：在十字路口無(wú)論你向左轉(zhuǎn)還是右轉(zhuǎn)都沒關(guān)系——兩條路都通往公園。It是形式主語(yǔ)，設(shè)

空處應(yīng)填入引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的連接詞，從句后半部分的連詞or提示本題為whether...or...結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“是……還是……”。

典例3 It's no longer a question now ________man can land on the moon.[答案] that 句意：現(xiàn)在人類登上月球不再是問題。考查名詞性從句，it為形式主語(yǔ)，后面的從句是真正的主語(yǔ)。由于引導(dǎo)詞在從句中不作任何成分，只起連接作用，故用that。

[考法綜述] 了解名詞性從句的基本用法，掌握各引導(dǎo)詞的用法，辨析that與what，掌握it作形式主語(yǔ)的常見結(jié)構(gòu)。

命題法 考查主語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞

典例1 ________we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.[答案] How 句意：我們?nèi)绾卫斫馐挛锱c我們的感受有很大關(guān)系。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，________we understand things 在句中作主語(yǔ)，是主語(yǔ)從句，根據(jù)句意可知，此處應(yīng)用連接副詞how。

典例2 What Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but some won't accept it.________________________________________________________ [答案] What→Where 依據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處指有些人對(duì)大詩(shī)人李白的出生地存在質(zhì)疑，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，What Li Bai，...was born在句中作主語(yǔ)且其中只缺狀語(yǔ)，因此改為Where，引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句。what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句要在從句中作主、賓或表語(yǔ)。

【解題法】(1)掌握各引導(dǎo)詞在意義和功能上的差別。

(2)在語(yǔ)篇型語(yǔ)法填空中，考查名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞是不給提示詞的，考生要分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，找出主語(yǔ)部分，分析引導(dǎo)詞在從句中所作成分和表達(dá)的意義。

(3)在短文改錯(cuò)中，考查引導(dǎo)詞的錯(cuò)用，掌握相似引導(dǎo)詞的差別，如what和that等。從引導(dǎo)詞在從句中所作成分和意義入手。

A．單句填空

1．Exactly________the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565.答案 when [句意：馬鈴薯具體是在什么時(shí)候被引入歐洲的并不確定，但有可能是在1565年左右。由句意可知，后一分句是來(lái)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明前一分句中的不確定的內(nèi)容的，根據(jù)“around 1565”可知是對(duì)時(shí)間進(jìn)行提問，因此用when引導(dǎo)前面的主語(yǔ)從句。] 2．I think________impresses me about his painting is the colours he uses.答案 what [句意：我認(rèn)為他的畫給我印象最深的是他對(duì)色彩的運(yùn)用。what引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，且在從句中作主語(yǔ)，表示“……的”。] 3．Some people believe________has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future.答案 what/whatever [句意：一些人認(rèn)為，不管是以前發(fā)生的還是現(xiàn)在發(fā)生的事情都會(huì)在將來(lái)重現(xiàn)。此處“________has happened before or is happening now”是主語(yǔ)從句，且從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，故填what/whatever。] 4．________the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.答案 When [句意：延誤的飛機(jī)何時(shí)起飛很大程度上取決于天氣狀況。根據(jù)句意填連接副詞When。] 5．________makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.答案 What [句意：使這本書非同尋常的是這位作家創(chuàng)造性的想象力。What在此處引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，并在從句中作主語(yǔ)。] 6．________you are on good terms with your classmates will affect your mood.答案 Whether [句意：你與同學(xué)相處得是否融洽會(huì)影響你的情緒。此處為主語(yǔ)從句，if表示“是否”且于句首時(shí)不引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)句意可知應(yīng)用Whether。] 7．It suddenly occurred to me ________I hadn't locked my door.答案 that [句意：我突然想起我沒鎖門。it是形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是that引導(dǎo)的從句。It occurs to sb.that意為“某人突然想起……”。] 8．As the spokeswoman said，________we should take action against them depends on what they will do.答案 whether [句意：正如女發(fā)言人所說(shuō)的那樣，我們是否應(yīng)該針對(duì)他們采取行動(dòng)取

決于他們將會(huì)怎么做。本空需要用連接詞引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，表示“是否”，因此用whether引導(dǎo)。] 9．—What made her so happy? —________her son passed the college entrance examination.答案 That [句意：——是什么使她這么快樂？——她兒子通過高考了。答語(yǔ)為that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，引導(dǎo)詞在從句中不作任何成分，只起連接作用。] 10．________will matter is not how many books you read, but how much you learn when you finish reading them.答案 What [句意：重要的不是你讀了多少書，而是你讀完書后學(xué)到了多少。從句子結(jié)構(gòu)看，is前面是一個(gè)主語(yǔ)從句，從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用What。] B．單句改錯(cuò)

1．That you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company.________________________________________________________ 答案 That→What [句意：你在會(huì)上所說(shuō)的話描述了公司的光明前途。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，且在從句中作賓語(yǔ)，故用What, That引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，在從句中不作成分。] 2．It remains to be seen that the newly formed committee's policy can be put into practice.________________________________________________________ 答案 that→whether [句意：這個(gè)新成立的委員會(huì)的政策能否實(shí)施還有待觀察。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，It 作形式主語(yǔ)，而真正的主語(yǔ)是后面的從句“that the newly formed committee's policy can be put into practice”；再根據(jù)句意可判斷，此處表示“是否”，故改為whether, that無(wú)意義。] 3．It struck me most in the movie was the father's deep love for his son.________________________________________________________ 答案 It→What [句意：這部電影最打動(dòng)我的是父親對(duì)他兒子深深的愛。“It struck me most in the movie”為主語(yǔ)從句，從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，表示“所……的”，故用What，It不引導(dǎo)從句。] 4．Which one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it.________________________________________________________ 答案 Which→Whichever [句意：你們中任何一個(gè)人打破窗戶都必須賠償。根據(jù)題干中one of you可知，空處要用whichever修飾one, 指“你們中的任何一個(gè)人”。which指哪一個(gè)，表達(dá)疑問，故改為whichever。] 5．It doesn't matter how many times you fail;that matters is how many times you stand up and try again.________________________________________________________ 答案 that→what [句意：你失敗多少次都不要緊；要緊的是你有多少次站起來(lái)并再次嘗試。分析句子成分可知，“that matters”是主語(yǔ)從句，從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，指物，故用what引導(dǎo)。that不作成分。]

6．We have learned from the story that which is most valuable is not what we have in our lives but who we have in our lives.________________________________________________________ 答案 which→what [“which is most valuable”是主語(yǔ)從句，在賓語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，該主語(yǔ)從句缺少主語(yǔ)且表示事物，故用what。which指某一范圍中的哪個(gè)或哪些。] 7．It was never clear that the man hadn't reported the accident sooner.________________________________________________________ 答案 that→why [句意：不清楚這個(gè)人為什么不早一點(diǎn)報(bào)告那起事故。此處需要連接副詞引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句并在從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)，why表示“為什么……”。故把that改為why。] 8．—The manager finally agreed to our new marketing proposals.—It never occurred to me what you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.________________________________________________________ 答案 what→that [答句表示“我根本就沒想到你能說(shuō)服他改變自己的看法”，句中It作形式主語(yǔ)，這里應(yīng)該用that引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，連接詞在從句中不作任何成份，也無(wú)意義。故把what改為that。]

考點(diǎn)二 賓語(yǔ)從句

基礎(chǔ)點(diǎn)

在句中起賓語(yǔ)作用的從句稱為賓語(yǔ)從句(Object Clause)。賓語(yǔ)從句可分為三類：動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句、介詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句、形容詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句。賓語(yǔ)從句的連接詞

I think(that)you should turn to the teacher for help.我認(rèn)為你應(yīng)該向老師求助。I wonder whether/if it is true.我想知道它是否是真的。

I wonder what I can do for you.我不知道能為你做些什么。

He didn't tell me when we would meet again.他沒告訴我什么時(shí)候我們?cè)傧嘁姟?/p>

Could you please show me how you operate the machine? 你能給我展示一下如何操作這臺(tái)機(jī)器嗎？

I don't know whom you should depend on.我不知道你該信任誰(shuí)。

典例1 Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt ________he could have expressed it differently.[答案] that 句意：杰瑞不后悔給出評(píng)論，但是覺得自己本來(lái)可以用不同的方式來(lái)表達(dá)的。從句that he could have expressed it differently作felt的賓語(yǔ)，連接詞that在從句中不作成分。故填that。

特別提醒

that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，常被省去，但下列情況下不能省略：①當(dāng)that從句作介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)；②動(dòng)詞后跟有多個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，只有第一個(gè)that可以省略，引導(dǎo)第二個(gè)和以后幾個(gè)從句的that不可省略；③賓語(yǔ)從句前有插入語(yǔ)時(shí)；④that引導(dǎo)的從句位于句首時(shí)。

I know nothing about him except that he is from the countryside.除了他來(lái)自鄉(xiāng)下以外，我對(duì)他一無(wú)所知。

He said(that)he liked rain very much and that he wouldn't use an umbrella when it was raining.他說(shuō)他非常喜歡雨，下雨天他都不愿打傘。

We hope, on the contrary, that he will stay at home with us.恰恰相反，我們希望他和我們待在家里。That our team will win, I believe.我相信我們隊(duì)會(huì)贏。

一般來(lái)說(shuō)，能引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的連接詞都能引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。

表疑問的賓語(yǔ)從句需要運(yùn)用陳述句語(yǔ)序，但個(gè)別賓語(yǔ)從句本應(yīng)運(yùn)用陳述語(yǔ)序，但由于習(xí)慣而仍保持原疑問語(yǔ)序不變。

I don't know what is the matter with the machine.我不知道這臺(tái)機(jī)器怎么了。2 動(dòng)詞后接賓語(yǔ)從句的用法

(1)大多數(shù)及物動(dòng)詞及動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)后可接賓語(yǔ)從句。

We should keep in mind that there is no short cut to learning.我們應(yīng)當(dāng)牢記，學(xué)習(xí)是沒有捷徑的。(2)用it作形式賓語(yǔ)的賓語(yǔ)從句。

一些動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，則需要用it作形式賓語(yǔ)，而將that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句后置。常見的這類動(dòng)詞有：

find發(fā)現(xiàn)

feel感覺

think認(rèn)為 consider考慮 believe相信 guess猜測(cè) suppose假定，設(shè)想 make使得

I think it necessary that we drink plenty of boiled water every day.我認(rèn)為我們每天喝大量開水是有必要的。

The teacher made it a rule that all the cleaning should be finished before 7：30 every morning.老師規(guī)定每天早晨7：30之前所有的清掃工作必須結(jié)束。

(3)動(dòng)詞hate, like, dislike, appreciate, enjoy等表示“喜歡”，“厭惡”的動(dòng)詞以及一些動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)see to, depend on, rely on等常用it作形式賓語(yǔ)，而將賓語(yǔ)從句后置。

I hate it_when they talk with their mouths full of food.我討厭他們滿嘴食物時(shí)說(shuō)話。

I would appreciate it_if you can help me.如果你能幫助我，我將不勝感激。

典例2 You can always rely on________Jack says, as he never tells a lie.[答案] what 句意：你完全可以相信杰克的話，因?yàn)樗麖牟徽f(shuō)謊。what引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句作rely on的賓語(yǔ)，what在從句中作says的賓語(yǔ)。介詞后接賓語(yǔ)從句的用法

(1)一般情況下介詞后只能接wh-類連接詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。He'll talk to us about what he saw in the USA.他將給我們講述他在美國(guó)的見聞。

典例3 When she was awake, she found that she was standing on________seemed to be a piece of stone.[答案] what 句意：當(dāng)她醒來(lái)時(shí)，她發(fā)現(xiàn)自己好像正站在一塊石頭上。stand on后接賓語(yǔ)從句，賓語(yǔ)從句缺少引導(dǎo)詞和主語(yǔ)，what在賓語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，that引導(dǎo)的從句一般不作介詞賓語(yǔ)。故填what。

(2)in, but, except 等少數(shù)幾個(gè)介詞后可接由that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，但此時(shí)介詞和that已形成固定搭配，即in that因?yàn)椋琤ut that要不是，except that除了。

The high income tax is harmful in_that it may discourage people from trying to earn more.所得稅很高是有害的，因?yàn)樗赡苁谷瞬辉敢舛噘嶅X。He would have failed but_that you helped him.若不是你幫助他，他會(huì)失敗的。(but that意為“若不是，要不是”)4 形容詞后接賓語(yǔ)從句的用法

(1)表示情感的形容詞后可接賓語(yǔ)從句，如：afraid, certain, glad, pleased, sure, surprised, sorry, happy, confident, anxious, aware, convinced, determined, proud, worried, thankful, ashamed, annoyed, disappointed, hurt, content等。

I'm very pleased that all of your family will come.我很高興你們?nèi)叶紩?huì)來(lái)。

I'm sure that they'll make it in spite of the terrible weather.我確信盡管天氣很不好，但他們會(huì)準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)的。

(2)sure后賓語(yǔ)從句的連接詞that, whether, if的選擇。

當(dāng)be sure用于肯定句時(shí)，其后的賓語(yǔ)從句的連接詞常用that；當(dāng)be sure用于否定

句時(shí)，其后的賓語(yǔ)從句的連接詞常用whether或if。

Are you sure that I won't bother you if I sit beside you? 你確定我坐在你旁邊不會(huì)打擾你嗎？

I am not sure whether I should write to him or not.我不確定要不要給他寫信。

重難點(diǎn) 賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)

(1)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞如果是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般將來(lái)時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用任何所需要的時(shí)態(tài)。

He says that he studies at school from Monday to Friday.他說(shuō)他從周一至周五都在學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)。

He will tell us what happened to him during our absence.他會(huì)告訴我們我們不在的期間他出了什么事的。

(2)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過去時(shí)時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用相應(yīng)的過去時(shí)態(tài)。The boy said that there were no classes on Sunday afternoon.那個(gè)男孩說(shuō)周日下午沒有課。

My Chinese teacher asked me if I was reading the book Red and Black when he came in.我的語(yǔ)文老師問我他進(jìn)來(lái)時(shí)我是否在讀《紅與黑》這本書。

(3)如果從句表示客觀事實(shí)或真理，不管主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是何種時(shí)態(tài)，從句都要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

As a child, I was told that the moon has no light of its own.I didn't believe it.孩提時(shí)，人們告訴我月亮自身不會(huì)發(fā)光，我不相信。

特別提醒

學(xué)習(xí)賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)的有關(guān)知識(shí)時(shí)要注意：若主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞須根據(jù)需要選用相應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài)；若主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)，則從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也應(yīng)用過去的某種時(shí)態(tài)(一般過去時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)、過去將來(lái)時(shí))；若從句的內(nèi)容為客觀事實(shí)、格言、諺語(yǔ)、真理等，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)不受動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)一致性原則的限制，仍然用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；若從句的內(nèi)容為歷史事實(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)。賓語(yǔ)從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移

(1)主句主語(yǔ)是第一人稱，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞think, believe, suppose, imagine, guess等后面的賓語(yǔ)從句中的否定詞要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中，即主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用否定形式，而從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用肯定形式。

I don't_think I can remember the 100 words within two hours.我想我不能在兩小時(shí)內(nèi)記住這100個(gè)單詞。I don't_suppose that he likes it.我想他不喜歡它。

(2)含有否定轉(zhuǎn)移的句子變反意疑問句時(shí)有兩種情況：若主句主語(yǔ)是第一人稱，簡(jiǎn)短問

句的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)分別與賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)保持一致；若主句主語(yǔ)不是第一人稱，簡(jiǎn)短問句的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)分別與主句的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)保持一致。

I don't_think(that)he is interested in that thing, is he? 我認(rèn)為他對(duì)那件事不感興趣，是嗎？

You don't_imagine he passed the exam, do you? 你認(rèn)為他沒有通過這次考試，是嗎？

“I don't think/believe/suppose/expect so.”是常見的表達(dá)，但是沒有“I don't hope/guess so.”，正確的表達(dá)應(yīng)為“I hope/guess not.”。

[考法綜述] 考查賓語(yǔ)從句主要集中在對(duì)引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的各引導(dǎo)詞的考查上，以及it作形式賓語(yǔ)的賓語(yǔ)從句的考查。

命題法 考查賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞

典例1 I truly believe ________beauty comes from within.[答案] that 句意：我真的相信美是發(fā)自內(nèi)心的。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，________beauty comes from within在句中作believe的賓語(yǔ)，是賓語(yǔ)從句，不缺少句子成分，故填that。

典例2 As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly what thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.________________________________________________________ [答案] what→how 根據(jù)語(yǔ)境和形容詞thick可知應(yīng)用how引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，表示程度。此處表示要弄清楚到底土坯房的墻需要“多”厚。故把what改為how。

【解題法】(1)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，找出主句謂語(yǔ)，判斷從句類別。掌握各引導(dǎo)詞在意義、功能上的差別。

(2)在語(yǔ)篇型語(yǔ)法填空中，要分析設(shè)空處在從句中的成分和意義，結(jié)合整個(gè)主句的結(jié)構(gòu)和意義，從而找到合適的引導(dǎo)詞。

(3)在短文改錯(cuò)中，先分析主句結(jié)構(gòu)，再分析從句的類別，熟記各引導(dǎo)詞的特點(diǎn)，找出使用錯(cuò)誤的引導(dǎo)詞，并改正。

A．單句填空

1．The exhibition tells us ________we should do something to stop air pollution.答案 why [句意：該展覽告訴我們?yōu)槭裁次覀円扇〈胧┳柚箍諝馕廴尽８鶕?jù)句意以及句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處用why引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。] 2．—I wonder ________Mary has kept her figure after all these years.—By working out every day.答案 how [根據(jù)答語(yǔ)“By working out every day”可知，空格處用how 來(lái)引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，表示方式。] 3．Reading her biography, I was lost in admiration for________ Doris Lessing had achieved in literature.答案 what [句意：讀著她的自傳，我對(duì)Doris Lessing 在文學(xué)上已經(jīng)取得的成就贊嘆不已。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)判斷，for后接一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，而從句中缺少賓語(yǔ)，所以要用what。] 4．We must find out________Karl is coming, so we can book a room for him.答案 when [句意：我們一定要搞清楚Karl什么時(shí)候來(lái)，以便我們給他訂房間。由句意可知，要給Karl訂房間，那么就要清楚他來(lái)這里的時(shí)間，故填when。] 5．Susan made it clear to me ________ she wished to make a new life for herself.答案 that [句意：蘇珊清楚地向我表明，她希望自己開始一種新的生活。it為形式賓語(yǔ)，設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句為真正的賓語(yǔ)。從句結(jié)構(gòu)和句意完整，故用that。] 6．After a long journey, those young men finally reached ________they called the paradise.答案 what [句意：長(zhǎng)途跋涉后，這些年輕人最終到達(dá)了他們稱之為天堂的地方。“________they called the paradise”是賓語(yǔ)從句，作reach的賓語(yǔ)，在從句中call缺賓語(yǔ)，故用what引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句同時(shí)作從句中call的賓語(yǔ)。] 7．The 3G cellphone must be of great use and convenience to________wants to get the information through the Internet quickly.答案 whoever [句意：3G手機(jī)對(duì)于那些想要快速瀏覽網(wǎng)絡(luò)獲取信息的人來(lái)說(shuō)一定是非常方便實(shí)用的。whoever引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句作介詞to的賓語(yǔ)，且whoever在從句中作主語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于anyone who。] 8．John seemed puzzled about________the question meant.答案 what [句意：John 對(duì)這個(gè)問題意味著什么感到很迷惑。根據(jù)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)判斷，about后接的是一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，而從句中meant缺少賓語(yǔ)，所以填what。] 9．Mom often phones me, asking________I am getting along with my studies.答案 how [句意：母親常給我打電話，問我學(xué)習(xí)進(jìn)展如何。此處asking 后為賓語(yǔ)從句，根據(jù)句意可知，應(yīng)填how。] 10．Are you sure________Mr Li will come to your birthday party? 答案 that [句意：你確定李先生要來(lái)參加你的生日晚會(huì)嗎？空處引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，且在從句中不作成分，故用that引導(dǎo)。] B．單句改錯(cuò)

1．It is difficult for us to imagine that life was like for slaves in the ancient world.________________________________________________________ 答案 that→what [句意：對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)很難想象在古代奴隸的生活是什么樣子的。What...be like為固定形式，表示“……是什么樣子”。what引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句作imagine的賓語(yǔ)，同時(shí)what在賓語(yǔ)從句中作介詞like的賓語(yǔ)。] 2．Pick yourself up.Courage is doing that you're afraid to do.________________________________________________________ 答案 that→what [句意：振作起來(lái)。勇氣就是做你害怕要去做的。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，doing后為賓語(yǔ)從句，從句中缺少賓語(yǔ)，故用what。that在名詞性從句中不作成分。] 3．Police have found where appears to be the lost ancient statue.________________________________________________________ 答案 where→what [句意：警察已經(jīng)找到了與丟失的古代的雕像類似的東西。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，用what引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，并在從句中作主語(yǔ)。where是副詞，不作主語(yǔ)。] 4．Experts believe why people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary.________________________________________________________ 答案 why→that [句意：專家們相信，人們只有在必要時(shí)才去購(gòu)物就能減少食物浪費(fèi)。根據(jù)句意和結(jié)構(gòu)可知，believe后面要求接賓語(yǔ)從句，而且從句中不缺句子成分，也無(wú)意義，所以用that。] 5．Some people care much about their appearance and always ask if they look fine in which they are wearing.________________________________________________________

答案 which→what [句意：有些人太過在意自己的外表，總是問(別人)自己穿在身上的衣服看起來(lái)是否不錯(cuò)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，再結(jié)合句意“他們所穿的衣服”應(yīng)使用連詞what引導(dǎo)這一賓語(yǔ)從句，what在從句中作wear的賓語(yǔ)，指代人穿的衣服。which在引導(dǎo)名詞從句時(shí)意為“哪一個(gè)”，不合題意，故把which改為what。] 6．Only when you go to New York City in person will you realize what diverse the American culture is.________________________________________________________ 答案 what→how [句意：只有當(dāng)你親自來(lái)到紐約時(shí)，你才會(huì)意識(shí)到美國(guó)文化是多么不同。根據(jù)how＋adj./adv.＋主語(yǔ)＋其他部分可知，應(yīng)用how。故把what改為how。] 7．The bride and groom gave who attended their wedding some gifts to share their happiness.________________________________________________________ 答案 who→whoever [句意：新郎和新娘給任何一個(gè)參加他們婚禮的人發(fā)禮物以分享他們的幸福。分析句子成分可知，“who attended their wedding”是賓語(yǔ)從句，從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，故用whoever，意為“無(wú)論誰(shuí)”，而who意為“誰(shuí)”，表疑問。] 8．—Dad, I want to go out for dinner with my friends tonight.—Keep in mind when you have to be home by 9：00.________________________________________________________ 答案 when→that [句意：——爸爸，今晚我想和朋友們一起出去吃飯。——記住你9點(diǎn)前必須回家。keep in mind that...是習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)，意為“記住……”，其中that引導(dǎo)的從句作keep的賓語(yǔ)。故把when改為that。] 9．This still leaves the question of that local public services should be improved in the next five years.________________________________________________________ 答案 that→how [句意：未來(lái)五年地方公共服務(wù)應(yīng)該如何改進(jìn)的問題仍然遺留下來(lái)。應(yīng)用how引導(dǎo)的從句作介詞of的賓語(yǔ)，且how在從句中作方式狀語(yǔ)。how意為“如何”，that無(wú)意義。故把that改為how。] 10．He seems too tired today, and I wonder that he got a good sleep last night.________________________________________________________ 答案 that→if/whether [句意：他今天似乎太累了，我想知道他昨天晚上是否睡得好。賓語(yǔ)從句表示是否，動(dòng)詞后可用if或whether, that無(wú)意義，故把that改為if/whether。]

考點(diǎn)三 表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句

基礎(chǔ)點(diǎn)

一、表語(yǔ)從句

在句子中作表語(yǔ)的從句稱為表語(yǔ)從句(Predicative Clause)。引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句的連接詞主要有：從屬連詞that, whether;連接代詞who, whom, whose, which, what, whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever等；連接副詞when, where, why, how等。此外，表語(yǔ)從句還可用because和as if/as though等連接詞引導(dǎo)。表語(yǔ)從句的連接詞

從屬連詞在句中只起連接作用，不作成分；連接代詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)；連接副詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。

從屬連詞：that，whether 連接代詞：what，who，whose，which，whatever，whoever，whosever，whichever等

連接副詞：how，when，where，why等

The question is whether you can afford it.問題是你是否買得起。

Our plan is that we'll go there once a week.我們的計(jì)劃是一周去那里一次。That's what he said.那就是他說(shuō)的話。

Your big opportunity is right where you are now.好機(jī)會(huì)就在你眼前。

特別提醒

if不引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句；that引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句一般不省略。

典例1 —When choosing furniture, you only focus on function while I think more about the design.—That's ________we differ.[答案] where 句意：——在選擇家具時(shí)，你只注重功能而我更注重設(shè)計(jì)。——那正是我們不同的地方。考查表語(yǔ)從句。where在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。as if/as though引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句

此類表語(yǔ)從句可用陳述語(yǔ)氣，也可用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，常跟在一些連系動(dòng)詞后面，如： seem似乎

look看起來(lái)

taste嘗起來(lái) sound聽起來(lái) feel摸起來(lái) appear好像

It seemed as_though it had happened yesterday.那件事好像昨天發(fā)生的一樣。

It looks as_if it is going to rain.看起來(lái)天要下雨了。

特別提醒

as if/as though意為“好像，仿佛”，其引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句常位于系動(dòng)詞(如seem, appear, look, taste, sound, feel, smell等)之后。若表語(yǔ)從句所述的是非真實(shí)的情況，從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣；若從句所述的是事實(shí)或是極有可能發(fā)生的情況，從句用陳述語(yǔ)氣。考生要仔細(xì)體會(huì)其中的語(yǔ)境差別。

I felt as_if we had_known each other for years.我感覺好像我們已經(jīng)認(rèn)識(shí)多年了。

She looks as_if she has_been_working hard for a long time.她看起來(lái)好像努力工作了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。3 because, why也可引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句

because引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句，主語(yǔ)不能是reason或cause。常用于以下句型： This/That is why...這/那是……的原因 This/That is because...這/那是因?yàn)椤?/p>

This is why we missed the early bus.這就是我們錯(cuò)過了早班車的原因。That's because he is ill.那是因?yàn)樗×恕?/p>

特別提醒

當(dāng)主句的主語(yǔ)是reason時(shí)，表語(yǔ)從句一般用that引導(dǎo)，不能用why或because，這種用法常見于以下句型：

The reason why...is that...……的原因是……

The reason why he came late was that he got up late.他來(lái)晚了是因?yàn)槠鸫餐砹恕?/p>

二、同位語(yǔ)從句 在句中作同位語(yǔ)的從句，稱作同位語(yǔ)從句。同位語(yǔ)從句常位于下列名詞之后，如： advice建議

demand要求

doubt懷疑 fact事實(shí) hope希望 idea主意

information信息 message消息 news消息 whisper低語(yǔ) order命令 problem問題 promise諾言 question問題 request請(qǐng)求 suggestion建議 truth事實(shí) wish愿望 word消息 conclusion結(jié)論 thought想法

The_news_that we won the game was exciting.我們贏得這場(chǎng)比賽的消息令人激動(dòng)。

The_suggestion_that the new rule be adopted came from the chairman.采納新規(guī)則的建議是主席提出的。

I have no_idea_when they will be back and settle down.我不知道他們什么時(shí)候回來(lái)定居。2 同位語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞

(1)常用的引導(dǎo)詞有：that, whether, why, who, where, how, when等。if一般不引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句

在同位語(yǔ)從句中that, whether不作成分，whether表示“是否”，其他連接詞具有實(shí)義，同時(shí)在同位語(yǔ)從句中作一定成分。引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的連接詞一般都不省略。

The_fact_that some countries are still suffering from poverty is really a great problem to the world.有一些國(guó)家仍然貧窮對(duì)整個(gè)世界來(lái)說(shuō)是一個(gè)大問題。

The_question_why so many people would choose to live in the countryside is still under discussion.為什么如此之多的人愿意到鄉(xiāng)下去居住仍然在討論中。

典例2 I made a promise to myself________this year, my first year in high school, would be different.[答案] that 句意：我向自己保證：今年——我高中的第一年——將會(huì)是不同尋常的一年。分析句意可知，空格處引導(dǎo)的是同位語(yǔ)從句，解釋說(shuō)明promise的內(nèi)容，并且此從句結(jié)構(gòu)和意義完整，故用that引導(dǎo)。

(2)what也可引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句

I gave the girl a big doll, exactly what she longed to have.我給了這個(gè)女孩一個(gè)大洋娃娃，那正是她渴望擁有的東西。(3)分隔式同位語(yǔ)從句

有時(shí)同位語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)較短，而從句內(nèi)容較長(zhǎng)，這時(shí)為避免“頭重腳輕”，常常將謂語(yǔ)部分提到從句前面，形成分隔式同位語(yǔ)從句。

My_wish will come true one day that I should buy a big house for my parents.我要給父母買一間大房子的愿望終有一天會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)的。

典例3 The notice came around two in the afternoon________the meeting would be postponed.[答案] that 句意：下午兩點(diǎn)左右，有人通知說(shuō)會(huì)議要推遲了。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，“________the meeting would be postponed”是同位語(yǔ)從句，該從句解釋說(shuō)明notice的具體內(nèi)容，從句不缺少成分，所以用that引導(dǎo)。此處謂語(yǔ)較短，從句較長(zhǎng)，為避免“頭重腳輕”而將從句放在了謂語(yǔ)部分之后，形成了分隔式同位語(yǔ)從句。故填that。

重難點(diǎn) 后邊不能直接跟that從句的動(dòng)詞

這類動(dòng)詞有allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。這類詞后可以用不定式或動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，但不可以用that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。

(√)I admire their winning the match.我羨慕他們贏了比賽。

(×)I admire that they won the match.2 不可用that從句作直接賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞

有些動(dòng)詞不可用于“動(dòng)詞＋間接賓語(yǔ)＋that從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，常見的有envy, order, accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate等。

(√)He impressed the manager as an honest man.他給經(jīng)理的印象是個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)人。

(×)He impressed the manager that he was an honest man.3 wh-與wh-ever引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的區(qū)別

連接詞what, which, who分別表示“……的東西或事情”、“哪一個(gè)”、“誰(shuí)”，表示疑問含義；而whatever, whichever, whoever分別相當(dāng)于anything that, any...that, anyone who意為“無(wú)論……”，強(qiáng)調(diào)一切情況。試比較：

What you choose to wear should be clean.你選擇穿的衣服應(yīng)該是干凈的。

Whatever you choose to wear should be clean.無(wú)論你選擇穿什么，你的衣服應(yīng)該是干凈的。

特別提醒

如何判斷是用wh-還是用wh-ever引導(dǎo)名詞性從句？

做題時(shí)，我們要認(rèn)真分析語(yǔ)境，看看句子要表達(dá)什么意思，如果表示任何一個(gè)人或事物，無(wú)范圍可言，就用wh-ever；如果有疑問的含義，且指的是具體的人或物，就用wh-。wh-ever和no matter wh-的區(qū)別

wh-ever既可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，又可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，如：whatever, whichever, whoever等；而no matter wh-只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，如：no matter what, no matter where, no matter who等。

I will give this dictionary to whoever can win the first prize in the English

contest.我將把這本字典贈(zèng)給在英語(yǔ)比賽中獲得一等獎(jiǎng)的人。(賓語(yǔ)從句)Whoever/No_matter_who can win the first prize in the English contest, I will give this dictionary to him.不管誰(shuí)在英語(yǔ)競(jìng)賽中獲得一等獎(jiǎng)，我都會(huì)把這本字典給他。(讓步狀語(yǔ)從句)

[考法綜述](1)對(duì)表語(yǔ)從句的考查通常是以引導(dǎo)詞的選擇為主，所以正確分析表語(yǔ)從句的結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)重要。先確定從句的結(jié)構(gòu)和意義是否完整，如果完整就用that，且that不能省略；如果不完整，確定所缺成分，然后結(jié)合句意選定答案。弄清從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是及物的還是不及物的也很重要。如果從句中的謂語(yǔ)是不及物動(dòng)詞，那么后面的部分是狀語(yǔ)，再根據(jù)缺少的意思來(lái)選定答案。

(2)解答考查同位語(yǔ)從句的題目時(shí)，一定先要找出從句解釋說(shuō)明的那個(gè)名詞，然后根據(jù)從句的意思和從句的結(jié)構(gòu)判斷從句所缺的引導(dǎo)詞：

①?gòu)木湟馑己统煞侄纪暾陀胻hat引導(dǎo)，此時(shí)要注意that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別。

②從句成分完整，但意思不完整，就用whether(是否)，切記此時(shí)不能用if代替whether。③從句缺少主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)，則應(yīng)用連接代詞。根據(jù)句子所要表達(dá)的意思進(jìn)一步選擇用哪一個(gè)連接代詞。

④從句缺少地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、方式狀語(yǔ)或原因狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，則分別用連接副詞where, when, how, why。

命題法1 考查表語(yǔ)從句

典例1 A ship in harbor is safe, but that's not ________ ships are built for.[答案] what 句意：船泊港灣固然安全，可那不是造船的初衷。but連接的并列句中that's后應(yīng)為表語(yǔ)從句，________ ships are built for表示為什么目的而造船，what for結(jié)構(gòu)與句子意思相符。

典例2 As John Lennon once said, life is that happens to you while you are busy making other plans.________________________________________________________ [答案] that→what 句意：正如約翰·列儂曾經(jīng)所說(shuō)，生活就是在你忙于制訂其他計(jì)劃的時(shí)候發(fā)生在你身上的事情。此處引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句并在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)，把that改為what。

【解題法】 表語(yǔ)從句的解題思路

(1)找出主句的動(dòng)詞、系動(dòng)詞之后，為表語(yǔ)從句分析從句意義和結(jié)構(gòu)，利用各引導(dǎo)詞的特點(diǎn)。

(2)在語(yǔ)篇型語(yǔ)法填空中，主要考查引導(dǎo)詞。找出空前的系動(dòng)詞確定是表語(yǔ)從句，分析所填詞在從句中的成分和意義。

(3)在短文改錯(cuò)中，主要考查引導(dǎo)詞的錯(cuò)用、漏用和多余。掌握that與what的區(qū)別，以及who與whoever等詞的區(qū)別。分析句子成分，結(jié)合句意。

命題法2 考查同位語(yǔ)從句

典例3 —Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday? —Yeah, but I have no idea ________ he did it;that's one of his favorite universities.[答案] why 句意：——邁克昨天真的拒絕了耶魯大學(xué)的錄取嗎？——是的，可我不知道他為什么那么做；那是他最喜歡的大學(xué)之一。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，用于解釋說(shuō)明idea的內(nèi)容；從句中缺少狀語(yǔ)，根據(jù)句意此處表示原因，故用why引導(dǎo)。

典例4 The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief what you are better than anyone else on the sports field.________________________________________________________ [答案] what→that [句意：成功達(dá)到最高水平的唯一辦法是保持這樣一種信念，即你比運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng)上的任何一個(gè)人都好。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知。此處為同位語(yǔ)從句，而且從句結(jié)構(gòu)和意義完整，所以用that。] 【解題法】 同位語(yǔ)從句的解題思路

(1)掌握常跟同位語(yǔ)從句的一些名詞如suggestion, advice, hope等，了解同位語(yǔ)從句的功能。

(2)在語(yǔ)篇型語(yǔ)法填空中，主要是考查引導(dǎo)詞。同位語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞that較多見，也會(huì)考到when, where等。分析主句結(jié)構(gòu)，識(shí)別關(guān)鍵詞，判斷從句種類。

(3)在短文改錯(cuò)中，主要考查引導(dǎo)詞的誤用、漏用和多余。考生要根據(jù)主句結(jié)構(gòu)挑出從句，如從句表示陳述意義，常用that引導(dǎo)，表疑問常用疑問詞引導(dǎo)。

A．單句填空

1．The best moment for the football star was ________he scored the winning goal.答案 when [句意：對(duì)這個(gè)足球明星來(lái)說(shuō)，進(jìn)球得分的時(shí)刻是最好的時(shí)刻。when在表語(yǔ)從句中表時(shí)間。] 2．“Every time you eat a sweet, drink green tea.”This is ________my mother used to tell me.答案 what [句意：“每次你吃甜東西，喝點(diǎn)綠茶。”這是過去媽媽經(jīng)常對(duì)我說(shuō)的話。分析結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處考查的是表語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞。從句缺少tell的直接賓語(yǔ)，用what引導(dǎo)。] 3．—What a mess!You are always so lazy!—I'm not to blame, mum.I am________you have made me.答案 what [句意：——真是一團(tuán)糟！你總是這么懶惰！——媽媽，別怪我。我現(xiàn)在這樣就是你造就的呀。分析成分可知，I am后是表語(yǔ)從句，引導(dǎo)詞what在從句中作made me后的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于the one that，即I am the one that you have made me。類似例子還有：He is no longer what(＝the one that)he used to be。] 4．Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, “That's________I was born.” 答案 where [句意：奶奶指著那個(gè)醫(yī)院說(shuō)：“那就是我出生的地方。”此處考查的是名詞性從句中的表語(yǔ)從句。] 5．Courage is a kind of quality ——and that's ________it takes to face the

challenges in life.答案 what [句意：勇氣是一種好品質(zhì)，那就是面對(duì)生活中挑戰(zhàn)所需要的品質(zhì)。that's 后為表語(yǔ)從句，而且引導(dǎo)詞作從句中takes的賓語(yǔ)。故應(yīng)填what。] 6．Faced with difficulties, you should believe your confidence is ________makes a difference.答案 what [句意：面對(duì)困難，你應(yīng)該相信你的自信會(huì)起很大作用。make a difference意為“起作用，有影響”；本句中“________makes a difference”是表語(yǔ)從句，因?yàn)閺木淙敝髡Z(yǔ)，故用what。] 7．Don't be sad.The most important thing is ________we must learn from our mistakes and move on.答案 that [句意：不要難過，最重要的是我們必須從錯(cuò)誤中吸取教訓(xùn)，并繼續(xù)前進(jìn)。表語(yǔ)從句不缺任何成分，故填that。] 8．I'm afraid he is more of a talker than a doer, which is ________he never finishes anything.答案 why [句意：我覺得他說(shuō)得多做得少，這就是他從來(lái)沒有完成任何事情的原因。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，指代前面整個(gè)句子的內(nèi)容；在定語(yǔ)從句中，空處引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，再結(jié)合句意可知應(yīng)填why。] 9．The message of Saving Private Ryan is ________humans want peace, not war.答案 that [句意：《拯救大兵瑞恩》傳達(dá)的信息是人們想要和平而不是戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。此處為表語(yǔ)從句，從句不缺少成分，所以用that引導(dǎo)。] B．單句改錯(cuò)

1．From space, the earth looks blue.This is why about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water.________________________________________________________ 答案 why→because [句意：從太空看，地球是藍(lán)色的。這是因?yàn)榈厍虮砻娲蠹s有71%的區(qū)域被水覆蓋。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為表語(yǔ)從句，表示原因，故用because。because后加原因，why后加結(jié)果。因此把why改為because。] 2．Evidence has been found through years of study why children's early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up.________________________________________________________ 答案 why→that [句意：通過數(shù)年的研究，兒童早期睡眠問題長(zhǎng)大后有可能繼續(xù)的證據(jù)已經(jīng)被找到了。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格后面的部分是解釋說(shuō)明evidence的內(nèi)容，是evidence的同位語(yǔ)從句，引導(dǎo)詞在從句中不作任何成分，故把why改為that。] 3．Her only problem, if you can call it a problem, is what she expects to be successful all the time.________________________________________________________ 答案 what→that [句意：如果能稱之為問題的話，她唯一的問題是她一直想成功。引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，從句中不缺少任何成分，故用that引導(dǎo)。] 4．The problem is what we can improve our reading skill in such a short time.________________________________________________________ 答案 what→how [句意：?jiǎn)栴}是我們?nèi)绾卧谶@么短的時(shí)間內(nèi)提高我們的閱讀技能。分析句子成分并結(jié)合句意可知，這里需要用連接副詞how來(lái)引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。] 5．There is still some doubt that the system will work even though all the factors have been considered.________________________________________________________ 答案 that→whether [句意：即使所有的因素都考慮了，系統(tǒng)是否會(huì)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)仍有些疑問。whether引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，作doubt的同位語(yǔ)，whether表示“是否”。] 6．People all over the world have a dream whether they will always live a peaceful life.________________________________________________________ 答案 whether→that [句意：全世界的人民都有一個(gè)夢(mèng)想，即永遠(yuǎn)過著和平的生活。此處為同位語(yǔ)從句，解釋名詞dream的內(nèi)容，因?yàn)閺木渲胁蝗鄙俪煞智乙饬x完整，所以用that引導(dǎo)。] 7．The expert's argument what the increasing number of cars is the main cause of the rising PM 2.5 readings has got much support from the public.________________________________________________________ 答案 what→that [句意：這個(gè)專家的爭(zhēng)論已經(jīng)得到了來(lái)自公眾的大力支持，爭(zhēng)論圍繞汽車數(shù)量的增加是PM2.5值上升的主要原因。此處為同位語(yǔ)從句，解釋說(shuō)明argument的內(nèi)容，因從句不缺少成分，且句意完整，所以使用that引導(dǎo)。]

易錯(cuò)題一：名詞性從句中連接詞的誤用

[例1] ________ surprised me most was to see some of the village people seated on the benches at the end of the room.[錯(cuò)解] It/That/Who [錯(cuò)因分析] 此處缺少主語(yǔ)，因此考生容易誤用It, That, Who, Which等。[答案] What [心得體會(huì)]

[例2] I have no idea ________ he will come here or not this afternoon, for he is very busy at the present time.[錯(cuò)解] which/that/if [錯(cuò)因分析] 該題貌似定語(yǔ)從句，考生易誤填which/that。此外，一些考生也許一看到后面的“or not”容易誤填if。根據(jù)語(yǔ)意可知，idea后面接一個(gè)同位語(yǔ)從句，該從句是

對(duì)idea的解釋說(shuō)明，且由后面的“or not”可知應(yīng)用whether。if不能引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。

[答案] whether [心得體會(huì)]

易錯(cuò)題二：漏用關(guān)系詞

[例] She was so angry and spoke so fast that none of us understood ________ ________ he said meant.[錯(cuò)解] that;what [錯(cuò)因分析] 許多同學(xué)一看便判斷出understood后為賓語(yǔ)從句，第一空誤填that;第二個(gè)空認(rèn)為said后缺賓語(yǔ)，填what。

[答案] what;what [心得體會(huì)]

易錯(cuò)題三：名詞性從句中用it作形式主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)

[例] ________has been proved that eating vegetables in childhood helps to

protect you against serious illnesses in later life.[錯(cuò)解] What [錯(cuò)因分析] 考生誤認(rèn)為此空引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，缺少主語(yǔ)，誤填What。[答案] It [心得體會(huì)]

第四篇：高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)冠詞教學(xué)案

第一部分 語(yǔ)法知識(shí)及運(yùn)用

專題1 冠詞 考綱展示 命題探究

考點(diǎn)一 冠詞的基本用法

基礎(chǔ)點(diǎn) 不定冠詞的基本用法

(1)不定冠詞有a和an兩種形式，常位于名詞或名詞的修飾語(yǔ)前。當(dāng)緊跟不定冠詞的單詞的第一個(gè)音素為輔音音素(注意：不是輔音字母)時(shí)，用a；而當(dāng)緊跟不定冠詞的單詞的第．．．．．．．．．．一個(gè)音素為元音音素(注意：不是元音字母)時(shí)，用an。．．．．．．．．．．a(chǎn) university student 一個(gè)大學(xué)生 a European writer 一位歐洲作家 an honest boy 一個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)的男孩 an ugly man 一個(gè)丑陋的人

(2)泛指某個(gè)或某類人或物，或者未提到的，對(duì)方不熟悉的人或物。I was born in a small village in Hebei Province.我出生在河北的一個(gè)小村莊。

(3)用在第一次提到的人或物的名詞前，表泛指。

At that time, I was working in a factory.The factory produces car parts.那時(shí)，我在一家工廠工作。那家工廠生產(chǎn)各種汽車部件。(4)表示“一”“每一”“同一”或“某一”概念。I will return in a day or two.(＝one)我將在一兩天后返回。

The car can run 200 kilometres an hour.(＝per)這種車每小時(shí)能行駛200公里。They are of an age.(＝the same)他們年齡相同。

A Mr Smith is waiting for you.(＝a certain)一個(gè)叫史密斯的先生在等你。2 定冠詞的基本用法

(1)用于上文已經(jīng)提到過的，或從語(yǔ)境中可判斷出談話雙方都知道的人或物前。

He bought a house.I've been to the house.他買了幢房子。我去過那幢房子。Take the medicine.把藥吃了。

(2)用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或形容詞及分詞前，表“一類人或物”。Who invented the_telephone? 誰(shuí)發(fā)明了電話？

After the explosion, people rushed to help the_injured.爆炸發(fā)生后，人們趕到現(xiàn)場(chǎng)幫助受傷的人。

(3)用于序數(shù)詞、形容詞/副詞最高級(jí)以及形容詞only, very, same等前面。Is this the_first_time you have visited Beijing? 這是你第一次游覽北京嗎？

He runs the_fastest in his class.他是他班跑得最快的。

That's the_very_thing I've been looking for.那正是我要找的東西。

特別提醒

(1)副詞的最高級(jí)前the可有可無(wú)。He runs(the)fastest in his school.他是全校中跑得最快的。

(2)序數(shù)詞前面也可用不定冠詞，但意義與用定冠詞不同。I have failed twice, but I'll try a third time.我失敗兩次了，但我還要再試一次。(強(qiáng)調(diào)再一次)March is the third month of a year.三月是一年的第三個(gè)月。(強(qiáng)調(diào)次序)(4)用于表示姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前，表示“一家人”或“夫婦倆”。The_Smiths lived in the apartment above ours.史密斯夫婦住在我們樓上的公寓里。

(5)用于宇宙中獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物、西洋樂器名詞和方位名詞前。the moon月亮

play the piano 彈鋼琴 the west 西部

(6)用于表示朝代、年代的名詞前，或用于整十的數(shù)詞復(fù)數(shù)前，表示某個(gè)年代。the Ming Dynasty 明朝

in the 1990s或1990's 在20世紀(jì)90年代

特別提醒

表示“某人……歲”時(shí)，則用“in＋one's＋整十的數(shù)詞復(fù)數(shù)”。in his fifties 在他50多歲時(shí)

(7)用在表度量單位的名詞前，表示“按……計(jì)算”。

by the hour 按小時(shí) by the day 按天

特別提醒

如size, weight, time這類名詞與by連用時(shí)不用冠詞。by size 按大小 by weight 按重量

(8)用于固定結(jié)構(gòu)“動(dòng)詞＋sb.＋介詞＋the＋身體部位”中。hit sb.on the head 打某人的頭 take sb.by the arm 抓某人的胳膊 3 零冠詞的基本用法

(1)用于不可數(shù)名詞、復(fù)數(shù)名詞或?qū)Ｓ忻~前表示泛指，用零冠詞。Man needs air_and_water.人類需要空氣和水。They are teachers.他們是老師。Beijing 北京

特別提醒

高考中常見的純不可數(shù)名詞，它們是：baggage, luggage, furniture, health, weather, fun, space(太空), advice, word(＝news), progress, information, luck, wealth(財(cái)產(chǎn))等。以上不可數(shù)名詞永遠(yuǎn)不能與不定冠詞連用。

(2)用于表示無(wú)特指意義的季節(jié)、月份、日期、星期和三餐的名詞，及球類、棋類和學(xué)科名詞前。

in spring 在春天 on Sunday 在周日 have breakfast 吃早餐 play football 踢足球 play chess 下棋

I'm very interested in English.我對(duì)英語(yǔ)很感興趣。

(3)名詞前已有this, that, my, your, some, each, no, any等指示代詞、形容詞性物主代詞、限定詞以及名詞所有格等限定時(shí)不再用冠詞。

She is not my type of woman.她不是我心目中的那類女人。

His heart was beating wildly with fear.他的心因害怕而狂跳不已。

(4)表示獨(dú)一無(wú)二的頭銜和職位名詞作表語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)或同位語(yǔ)時(shí)。Mr Smith was elected president of our school.史密斯先生被選為我校校長(zhǎng)。

重難點(diǎn) 不定冠詞的特殊位置

(1)如果名詞前用了many, such等具有限定意義的詞和表示感嘆的what等詞，a(an)必須放在這些詞后面，語(yǔ)序?yàn)椋簃any/such/what a(an)．..I have never seen such_an interesting film.我從來(lái)沒看過這么有趣的電影。What_a clever boy he is!他是個(gè)多么聰明的男孩啊！

(2)副詞quite和rather同形容詞連用修飾名詞時(shí)，quite要置于不定冠詞a/an之前，rather可置于不定冠詞a/an之前，也可置于其后。

It's quite_a small house.這是一所相當(dāng)小的房子。

That's rather_a/a_rather sudden change.那一變化相當(dāng)突然。

(3)當(dāng)單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞之前的形容詞有so, too, as, how等副詞修飾時(shí)，a(an)必須放在形容詞之后，詞序?yàn)椋簊o/too/as/how/...＋形容詞＋a(an)．..She is so_good_a_girl that all the people like her.她是如此好的女孩，所有人都喜歡她。2 定冠詞的特殊位置

在名詞詞組中，定冠詞一般放在最前面，但名詞詞組中如果有exactly, just, half, double, twice, all, both等修飾語(yǔ)，定冠詞要放在這些詞后面。

exactly_the same color 完全相同的顏色 just_the right place 就是這個(gè)地方 half_the story 故事的一半 double_the amount 雙倍的量 3 零冠詞的特殊用法

(1)turn(變成)后的單數(shù)名詞作表語(yǔ)不用冠詞。但名詞前若有形容詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，則必須加冠詞。

His brother has turned_writer.他弟弟已成為一名作家。

Later she turned_a_successful_singer.后來(lái)她成了一名成功的歌手。

(2)在“表示類型的名詞＋of...”這一結(jié)構(gòu)中of后的可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)前不用冠詞。This_kind_of_question often appears in the exam.此類問題在考試中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)。

(3)“零冠詞＋可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)＋as/though＋主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ)＋主句”意為“盡管/雖然……但是……”。

Hero_as_he_is,_he has some shortcomings.盡管他是個(gè)英雄，但是他也有一些缺點(diǎn)。

(4)用在獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中的某一形式中。

The teacher came in, book_in_hand(＝with a book in his hand)． 老師手里拿著一本書走了進(jìn)來(lái)。

(5)與by連用的表示交通工具和通訊工具的名詞之前不用冠詞。It's quicker by_air than by_sea.乘飛機(jī)比乘船快。

[考法綜述] 冠詞的基本用法，尤其是冠詞的泛指和特指在語(yǔ)篇型語(yǔ)法填空和短文改錯(cuò)中常會(huì)涉及，近五年就考查了48次之多，由此可見其重要性。

命題法1 考查冠詞的泛指和特指

典例1 I can't tell you ________ way to the Wilson's because we don't have ________ Wilson here in the village.[答案] the;a 句意：我不能告訴你去威爾遜家的路，因?yàn)槲覀兇謇餂]有一個(gè)叫威爾遜的人。第一空特指去威爾遜家的路，故填the;第二空為泛指“一個(gè)叫威爾遜的人”，故填a。

典例2 Besides, Cleo tends to bark a average of six hours a day.________________________________________________________ [答案] average前的a改為an average以元音音素/?/開頭，故用an。

【解題法】 冠詞表泛指和特指時(shí)的必備知識(shí)和一般解題思路

(1)首先要了解冠詞的泛指和特指：不定冠詞用在首次提到的或不限定的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前表泛指；定冠詞用在上文提到的人或物前，或是被限制性修飾語(yǔ)加以限定的人或物前，也可指雙方所默認(rèn)的特定的人或物的名詞前表特指。

(2)在語(yǔ)法填空中，考查冠詞時(shí)是不給提示詞的，因而可先從形式上去判斷，然后觀察空格后部分的中心詞是否是名詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞或短語(yǔ)，因?yàn)楣谠~唯一的作用就是用來(lái)修飾名詞的。

(3)在短文改錯(cuò)中，當(dāng)名詞前有不定冠詞時(shí)，要格外注意使用a還是an，以其后所跟單詞的開頭音素而不是其開頭字母為依據(jù)。因此在平時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)中，務(wù)必要注意掌握單詞的發(fā)音。

命題法2 考查冠詞與一些特定詞的基本用法

典例3 The adobe dwellings(土坯房)built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even ________ most modern of architects and engineers.[答案] the 句意：由美國(guó)西南部的普韋布洛印第安人建造的土坯房甚至受到了(當(dāng)今世界上)最前衛(wèi)的建筑師和工程師的青睞。根據(jù)句意和空后的最高級(jí)標(biāo)志詞most可知此處表示“最……的”，故填the。

典例4 Tomorrow is first day of school.________________________________________________________ [答案] first前加the 序數(shù)詞通常和定冠詞the搭配。

【解題法】 冠詞與特定詞搭配時(shí)的必備知識(shí)和一般解題思路

(1)通常情況下，形容詞比較級(jí)前不用冠詞；形容詞最高級(jí)、序數(shù)詞及表示世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物的名詞前用定冠詞the。

(2)在語(yǔ)法填空中，考查冠詞時(shí)是不給提示詞的，因而可以從形式上判斷，然后觀察空格后部分是否是形容詞最高級(jí)、序數(shù)詞或表示世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物的名詞。

(3)在短文改錯(cuò)中，常考查冠詞的錯(cuò)用和漏用，形容詞比較級(jí)前常不用冠詞；形容詞最高級(jí)，序數(shù)詞及表示世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物的名詞前常用定冠詞the。

A．單句填空

1．I just heard ________ bank where Dora works was robbed by ________ gunman wearing a mask.答案 the;a [句意：我剛聽說(shuō)Dora工作的銀行被一個(gè)戴著面罩的持槍歹徒搶了。第一空，句中where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾bank，由此可知這里特指Dora工作的銀行，故用定冠詞；第二空，泛指“一個(gè)持槍歹徒”，因此用不定冠詞。] 2．He owned ________ farm, which looked almost abandoned.答案 a [句意：他擁有一家看起來(lái)幾乎荒蕪的農(nóng)場(chǎng)。farm在句中是第一次出現(xiàn)，而且表示泛指，所以用不定冠詞。] 3．________village where I was born has grown into________ town.答案 The;a [句意：我出生的那個(gè)村莊已經(jīng)變成一個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)了。由village后的定語(yǔ)從句where I was born可知這里特指“我”出生的村莊，用定冠詞the；第二空后town為可數(shù)名詞，在本句中表泛指，泛指一個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)，故用不定冠詞a。] 4．The paper is due next month, and I am working seven days ________week, often long into ________night.答案 a;the [句意：論文下個(gè)月要上交了。我現(xiàn)在每周工作七天，經(jīng)常工作到深夜。第一空表示“每一”，故用不定冠詞a；第二空是固定搭配long into the night，意為“直到深夜”，故用定冠詞the。] 5．They chose Tom to be ________captain of the team because they knew he was ________ smart leader.答案 the;a [句意：他們選擇湯姆為這個(gè)隊(duì)的隊(duì)長(zhǎng)，因?yàn)樗麄冎浪且粋€(gè)聰明的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。第一空后的名詞captain是特指，特指這個(gè)隊(duì)的隊(duì)長(zhǎng)，故用定冠詞the；第二空后的名詞leader表示泛指，故用不定冠詞a。] 6．We can become ________ smart shopper by choosing for value, not for looks;in other words, choose good quality goods with plain packages.答案 a [句意：如果我們買東西是為了價(jià)值而不是為了包裝，那么我們就能成為一個(gè)明智的消費(fèi)者；也就是說(shuō)，應(yīng)選擇普通包裝的質(zhì)量好的產(chǎn)品。shopper為單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，此處泛指“一個(gè)明智的消費(fèi)者”，故填不定冠詞a。] 7．________ news of the mayor's coming to our school for a visit was given out on the radio yesterday.答案 The [句意：市長(zhǎng)來(lái)我們學(xué)校參觀的新聞昨天通過收音機(jī)發(fā)布了。名詞news后有介詞短語(yǔ)修飾，起限定作用，表特指，故填The。] 8．In Germany, ________ successful project, which roughly translates as “adopt a grandparent”，has been running with a great success.答案 a [句意：在德國(guó)，一個(gè)名為“領(lǐng)養(yǎng)祖父母”的項(xiàng)目已成功運(yùn)行。project為單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，此處意為“一個(gè)成功的項(xiàng)目”，表泛指，故填不定冠詞a。] 9．—Mom, why can't I have ________ new bike? —Dear, you know, money doesn't grow on trees.答案 a [句意：——媽媽，我為什么不能要一輛新自行車？——親愛的，你要知道，賺錢可不是件容易的事。bike為單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，是首次提到，此處表泛指，故用不定冠詞a。] 10．________ wish always remains unrealistic that you can come first in the final exam when you make no efforts at all.答案 The [句意：你不付出任何努力而想在期末考試中得第一名的愿望是不現(xiàn)實(shí)的。wish后有that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句修飾，表特指，故填定冠詞The。] B．單句改錯(cuò)

1．Brian is gifted in writing music;he is very likely to be Beethoven.________________________________________________________ 答案 在Beethoven前加a [此處表示泛指“一個(gè)像貝多芬的人”。] 2．She apologized for the mistake and gave us a spare VIP room on a top floor.________________________________________________________ 答案 把第二個(gè)a→the [floor前有top修飾，此處表示特指，故用the。] 3．Life is like a ocean;only the strong－willed can reach the other shore.________________________________________________________ 答案 a→an [ocean是以元音音素開頭的單詞，且此處表泛指，故用an。] 4．A best moment for the football star was when he scored the winning goal.________________________________________________________ 答案 A→The [best為最高級(jí)，故用the。] 5．An exact year which Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.________________________________________________________ 答案 An→The [year后有定語(yǔ)修飾，表示特指，故用the。] 6．I think good habit that in our spare time we read more books of great use.________________________________________________________ 答案 good前加a [ habit意為“習(xí)慣”，是可數(shù)名詞，此處為泛指，故用不定冠詞a修飾。] 7．Three years ago I failed an important exam in my life and became a student in a ordinary school.________________________________________________________ 答案 第二個(gè)a→an [ordinary是以元音音素開頭的形容詞，故其前應(yīng)用不定冠詞an。]

8．Last Sunday I saw a worst storm in years.It came suddenly and went on for over three hours.________________________________________________________ 答案 a→the [根據(jù)in years可知，此處表示“最嚴(yán)重的暴風(fēng)雨”，形容詞最高級(jí)前應(yīng)加定冠詞the。] 9．Rock climbing is great fun.You will get close to the nature and take adventures at the same time.________________________________________________________ 答案 第一個(gè)the去掉 [nature意為“自然，自然界”時(shí)，其前不能加冠詞。] 10．Once you click the button, a e－mail will be sent to you via your e－mail address.________________________________________________________ 答案 a→an [e－mail是以元音音素開頭的名詞，故其前應(yīng)用不定冠詞an。]

考點(diǎn)二 冠詞的習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)或固定搭配

基礎(chǔ)點(diǎn) 不定冠詞的習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)或固定搭配 as a result 因此

as a rule 通常，照例 in a hurry 匆忙地 in a word 總之

at a loss 困惑，不知所措 for a while 暫時(shí)，一時(shí) all of a sudden 突然 What a pity!真遺憾！

have a population of 有……人口 have a history of 有……的歷史 a collection of 一批…… a knowledge of(＝know)知道

an understanding of(＝understand)懂得 2 定冠詞的習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)或固定搭配 in the end 最后，終于

make the most/best of 充分利用 in the distance 在遠(yuǎn)處 in the way 擋路 on the whole 總之

on the right/left 在右/左面 at the same time 同時(shí)

as a matter of fact 事實(shí)上 after a while 一會(huì)兒后 in a sense 在某種意義上 once in a while 偶爾 at a distance 離一段距離 once upon a time 從前 a waste of...……的浪費(fèi)

at the moment 此刻

go to the doctor's 去看醫(yī)生 by the way 順便說(shuō)，附帶地說(shuō)說(shuō)

the other day(＝a few days ago)幾天前 on the radio/phone 通過無(wú)線電/電話 on the spot在場(chǎng)，到場(chǎng)；立即，馬上；當(dāng)場(chǎng) to tell(you)the truth 說(shuō)實(shí)話，老實(shí)說(shuō) go to the cinema 去看電影

on(the)one hand..., on the other hand...一方面……，另一方面…… 3 零冠詞的習(xí)慣用法或固定搭配 under repair處于維修中 day and night 整天整夜 out of control 失控

in danger 處于危險(xiǎn)之中 at present 目前 in peace平靜 on purpose 故意 ahead of time 提前 by law 根據(jù)法律

有無(wú)冠詞意義不同的習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)或搭配

??sit at table 坐在桌旁吃飯???sit at the table 坐在桌子旁??at school 在上學(xué)???at the school 在學(xué)校

lose heart 灰心 out of work 失業(yè) at risk 有危險(xiǎn) take part in 參加 by chance/accident 碰巧 on second thoughts 再一想 in advance 提前 by mistake 由于差錯(cuò) 重難點(diǎn)

不一定在吃飯

不一定是上學(xué)

??in hospital 在住院??in the hospital 在醫(yī)院里???in prison 坐牢??in the prison 在監(jiān)獄里???by sea 乘船由海路??by the sea 在海邊???in front of 在??in the front of 在?

不一定是病人

不一定是罪犯

外部的前面

內(nèi)部的前面

??out of question 沒問題，毫無(wú)疑問??out of the question 不可能??in charge of 負(fù)責(zé)，掌管????in the charge of 在……的掌管之下

??in possession of 擁有??in the possession of 為……所擁有???go to church 去做禮拜??go to the church 去教堂???go to school 去上學(xué)??go to the school 去學(xué)校?

[考法綜述] 冠詞的習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)及固定搭配是高考語(yǔ)篇型語(yǔ)法填空及短文改錯(cuò)的常考點(diǎn)，近五年考查了13次，是考查重點(diǎn)之一。

命題法 考查冠詞的習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)及固定搭配

典例1 Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves in half ________ hour.[答案] an 句意：簡(jiǎn)非常匆忙，因?yàn)榈竭_(dá)機(jī)場(chǎng)的列車將在半小時(shí)之后開車。half an hour為習(xí)慣用法，意為“半小時(shí)”。

典例2 Since then—for all these years—we have been allowing tomatoes to self－seed where they please.As result, the plants are growing everywhere.________________________________________________________ [答案] result前加a as a result為固定短語(yǔ)，意為“因此”，故在result前加a。

【解題法】 冠詞的習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)及固定搭配的必備知識(shí)和一般解題思路(1)首先要熟練掌握不定冠詞，定冠詞及零冠詞的習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)及固定搭配。

(2)在語(yǔ)法填空中，考查冠詞的習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)及固定搭配時(shí)，是不給提示詞的，因而可以根據(jù)語(yǔ)境來(lái)確定習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)及固定搭配的冠詞。

(3)在短文改錯(cuò)中，考查冠詞的習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)及固定搭配，主要體現(xiàn)在考生因固定思維模式或漢語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言的影響而對(duì)冠詞的錯(cuò)用、漏用和多用。

A．單句填空

1．Now I am living in a city, but I miss my home in ________ countryside.答案 the [句意：現(xiàn)在我生活在一座城市，但是我想念農(nóng)村的家鄉(xiāng)。in the countryside為固定短語(yǔ)，意為“在鄉(xiāng)下，在農(nóng)村”。故填定冠詞the。] 2．________more learned a man is, ________ more modest he usually becomes.答案 The;the [句意：一個(gè)人越博學(xué)，他通常會(huì)變得越謙遜。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)判斷，此句使用了“The＋形容詞/副詞比較級(jí)…，the＋形容詞/副詞比較級(jí)…”結(jié)構(gòu)，意思是“越……，越……”。] 3．Jane's grandmother had wanted to write ________ children's book for many years, but one thing or another always got in ________ way.答案 a;the [句意：多年來(lái)，簡(jiǎn)的祖母一直想寫一本兒童讀物，但由于種種原因耽

擱下來(lái)了。第一空，book是可數(shù)名詞，此處表泛指，用不定冠詞a；第二空，in the way是固定詞組，意為“擋路，妨礙”。故填a;the。] 4．Starting your own business could be a way to achieve financial independence.On ________ other hand, it could just put you in debt.答案 the [句意：自己創(chuàng)業(yè)可能是使你獲得經(jīng)濟(jì)獨(dú)立的一種方式。另一方面，它也可能讓你欠債。on the other hand為固定短語(yǔ)，意為“另一方面”，故填定冠詞the。] 5．We'll reach the sales targets in a month which we set at ________ beginning of the year.答案 the [句意：我們將在一個(gè)月內(nèi)實(shí)現(xiàn)我們年初制訂的銷售目標(biāo)。at the beginning of為固定短語(yǔ)，意為“在……之初”，故填定冠詞the。] 6．I thought I'd better have ________ word with you about the task to be done.答案 a [句意：我想我最好跟你談一下關(guān)于這項(xiàng)要做的任務(wù)。have a word with sb.“和某人談一談”為固定搭配。] 7．With the development of society, our country is badly in need of those with ________ better command of computer skills.答案 a [句意：隨著社會(huì)的發(fā)展，我們國(guó)家非常需要那些可以進(jìn)行電腦操作的人才。with a command of...為慣用搭配，意為“掌握……”，故填不定冠詞a。] 8．We slept in a tent and took ________ long walk every day.答案 a [句意：我們睡在帳篷里，每天步行很長(zhǎng)的路。take a walk為固定搭配，意為“散步；走路”。] 9．The tour will provide ________ unique opportunity to stay with a British family for a week in ________ hope that you will better understand the life there.答案 a；the [句意：這次旅游會(huì)提供給你一個(gè)和英國(guó)家庭生活一周的獨(dú)特機(jī)會(huì)，希望你對(duì)那里的生活有一個(gè)更好的了解。“機(jī)會(huì)”強(qiáng)調(diào)的是一次，所以填不定冠詞a；in the hope that為固定用法，意為“懷著……的希望”。] 10．If you don't have ________ good knowledge of English, it's out of the question for you to use it flexibly and fluently.答案 a [句意：如果你對(duì)英語(yǔ)的掌握不夠好，你就不可能靈活、流利地使用它。have a good knowledge of是固定短語(yǔ)，意為“精通；掌握”。] B．單句改錯(cuò)

1．I was always interested to see the drivers in hurry in the morning.________________________________________________________ 答案 hurry前加a [in a hurry是固定短語(yǔ)，意為“匆忙”。] 2．The next morning Jason went to the office for his papers as an usual.________________________________________________________ 答案 把a(bǔ)n去掉 [as usual為固定短語(yǔ)，意為“像通常一樣”。] 3．Now, years later, this river is one of most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.________________________________________________________

答案 most前加the [根據(jù)one of知后面是形容詞的最高級(jí)，因此most前加定冠詞the。] 4．In the fact, hunters would stop and take pictures, because they had never seen anything like her.________________________________________________________ 答案 把the去掉 [In fact為固定短語(yǔ)，意為“事實(shí)上，實(shí)際上”。] 5.At an end of the day, she returned to take me back to my accommodation.________________________________________________________ 答案 an→the [at the end of為固定短語(yǔ)，意為“在……結(jié)尾，在……末端”。] 6．I tried to appear at the ease when the foreign guest greeted me by kissing me on the cheek.________________________________________________________ 答案 去掉第一個(gè)the [at ease“自由自在，無(wú)拘無(wú)束”，固定搭配。] 7．The driver was at loss when word came that he was forbidden to drive because of speeding.________________________________________________________ 答案 在loss前加a [at a loss是固定短語(yǔ)，意為“不知所措”。] 8．—Many people don't think much of the movie.—I think differently.In the way, it is a good film.And the photographed scenes are very beautiful.________________________________________________________ 答案 第二個(gè)the→a [句意：——很多人認(rèn)為這部電影不好。——我不那么認(rèn)為。在某種程度上，這是一部很不錯(cuò)的電影。拍攝的場(chǎng)景非常美。in a way為固定短語(yǔ)，“在某種程度上”。] 9．I signed it “some thankful students” and slipped it into the envelope.________________________________________________________ 答案 the→an [根據(jù)句意表示把信裝進(jìn)“一個(gè)”信封，故用不定冠詞，且envelope的始發(fā)音為元音，故改為an。] 10．—As a child, my father often spent all Sundays relaxing outdoors, even playing for hours at time.—That's my father's story, too.________________________________________________________ 答案 time前加a [at a time為固定短語(yǔ)，意為“一次”。]

考點(diǎn)三 冠詞的活用

基礎(chǔ)點(diǎn)

不定冠詞的活用

(1)不定冠詞可以用于某些具體化的抽象名詞前，可以具體化的抽象名詞有shame，surprise, pleasure, honour, success, help, beauty, failure等。

It's a_pleasure for me to work with you.和你一起工作我非常高興。

She was a famous beauty in her youth.她年輕時(shí)是個(gè)有名的美人。

(2)表示世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物的名詞前一般加定冠詞the，但如果名詞前有修飾語(yǔ)，可用不定冠詞。

the world, a peaceful world;the moon, a bright moon。世界，一個(gè)和平的世界；月亮，一輪明亮的月亮。

(3)表示一日三餐的名詞和專有名詞前如果有形容詞修飾，也可用不定冠詞。I had a wonderful supper yesterday.昨晚我吃了一頓美味佳肴。

(4)“a most＋形容詞”表示“很……”，most在此不表示最高級(jí)含義，為“很，非常”的意思，相當(dāng)于very，而“the＋ most＋多音節(jié)形容詞”為多音節(jié)形容詞的最高級(jí)形式，表示“最……”。

This is a most interesting film.這是一部非常有趣的電影。

This is the most interesting film that I have ever seen.這是我看過的最有趣的一部電影。

(5)不定冠詞用在表示地名的專有名詞前，表示“一個(gè)……的地方”。She is now a different China from what she was twenty years ago.現(xiàn)在的中國(guó)是一個(gè)與二十年前不同的國(guó)家了。

(6)knowledge, collection, understanding等名詞后加of...時(shí)其前常用不定冠詞a/an。

Her new book is a collection of short stories.她的新書是一部短篇小說(shuō)集。He has a good knowledge of French.他精通法語(yǔ)。

重難點(diǎn)

序數(shù)詞前冠詞的活用

“the＋序數(shù)詞”表順序，而“a/an＋序數(shù)詞”表“又一，再一”；序數(shù)詞修飾動(dòng)詞時(shí)，．．．．．．已成為副詞，因此不必與冠詞連用。如： ．．Can you give me a_second chance, please?(＝another chance)請(qǐng)?jiān)俳o我一次機(jī)會(huì)好嗎？

He was only 5 years old when I first saw him.(adv.)當(dāng)我第一次見到他時(shí)，他只有5歲。

[考法綜述] 不定冠詞的活用，尤其是序數(shù)詞前加不定冠詞，冠詞的活用在語(yǔ)篇

型語(yǔ)法填空和短文改錯(cuò)中常會(huì)涉及，近五年考查了10次，仍是高考考查的難點(diǎn)。

命題法 考查冠詞的活用

典例1 Being able to afford ________ drink would be ________ comfort in those tough times.[答案] a;a 句意：在那艱苦的歲月里能夠買得起一杯飲料將會(huì)是一種安慰。drink在此表示泛指“一杯飲料”；comfort作“安慰”講為不可數(shù)名詞，但在此是抽象名詞具體化指“一件令人安慰的事”，故都用a。

典例2 He missed the gold in the high jump, but will get the second chance in the long jump.________________________________________________________ [答案] 將第三個(gè)the→a 此處應(yīng)該表示“又一次機(jī)會(huì)”，故用a。

【解題法】 分析名詞特點(diǎn)，注意冠詞活用

在英語(yǔ)中，我們要注意冠詞的一些靈活用法。常用的一些抽象名詞如success, failure, pity, surprise, pleasure等，當(dāng)表示“具體的人或者事”時(shí)，這些抽象名詞具體化了，可轉(zhuǎn)化為可數(shù)名詞。

A．單句填空

1．—You are really crazy about music!—Sort of.I always find in music ________ peace which is missing in ________ world full of challenges.答案 the;a [句意：——你對(duì)音樂真癡狂！——有點(diǎn)吧。我總能在音樂中找到寧?kù)o，而這種寧?kù)o在一個(gè)充滿了挑戰(zhàn)的世界中是不存在的。peace后有定語(yǔ)從句修飾，表特指，加不定冠詞；第二空是泛指，意為“一個(gè)……的世界”，故用a。] 2．—Guess what? Tom has failed in the exam ________ second time.—How come? He is second to none in English in our class.答案 a [句意：——你猜怎么著？湯姆考試又沒通過。

——怎么會(huì)呢？他的英語(yǔ)在我們班名列前茅。此處表示“又一次，再一次”，故用不定冠詞a。] 3．When you finish reading the novel, you will have ________ better understanding of society.答案 a [句意：當(dāng)你讀完這本小說(shuō)后，你就會(huì)更好地了解社會(huì)。根據(jù)句意可知，此處表示讀前與讀后的比較，比較級(jí)前用不定冠詞表示“更……的”。故填不定冠詞a。] 4．It was by reading it ________ third time that Sammy got a thorough understanding of passage E.答案 a [句意：薩米又讀了一遍才對(duì)E篇文章有了徹底的了解。根據(jù)句意可知，此處不表順序，僅表“又一，再一”。故填不定冠詞a。] B．單句改錯(cuò)

1．Although the experiment turned out to be failure, we decided to try a second

time.________________________________________________________ 答案 failure前加a [failure當(dāng)“失敗”講為不可數(shù)名詞，在此處表示“一件失敗的事”，為可數(shù)名詞，故用a。] 2．—What do you think of the grammar book? —Oh, it really is a useful reference book, which is worth reading the second time.________________________________________________________ 答案 第二個(gè)the→a [second此處不表示次序，而表示“又一，再一”，故用a。] 3．When you finish reading the novel, you will have better understanding of society.________________________________________________________ 答案 在better前加a [understanding為抽象名詞，后面有of時(shí)前用不定冠詞a/an。] 4．“The match between two teams is great，” said Jim, “and I hope to see the second.”

________________________________________________________ 答案 第二個(gè)the→a [此處表示“又一，再一”，故用a。]

易錯(cuò)題一：忽視抽象名詞或物質(zhì)名詞具體化

[例1] Anyone who achieves success in this field can be ________success.[錯(cuò)解] 不填

[錯(cuò)因分析] 有些考生誤認(rèn)為success只能為抽象名詞，無(wú)單復(fù)數(shù)形式，因而做錯(cuò)本題。[答案] a [心得體會(huì)]

[例2] My parents approached the site, which was still wet from ________

heavy rain.[錯(cuò)解] the [錯(cuò)因分析] 在這道試題中，很多考生會(huì)誤填the，認(rèn)為rain為物質(zhì)名詞，前面不用冠詞，即便使用冠詞也應(yīng)用the。

[答案] a [心得體會(huì)]

易錯(cuò)題二：表示獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物的名詞前冠詞的誤用

[例] We can never expect ________ bluer sky unless we create ________ less polluted world.[錯(cuò)解] the;the [錯(cuò)因分析] 雖然sky和world是表示獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物的名詞，但是一些考生忽略了它們的一些特殊用法，而誤填the。

[答案] a;a [心得體會(huì)]

易錯(cuò)題三：專有名詞前冠詞的誤用

[例] ________Shanghai of tomorrow is sure to create new splendor and spring up as another center of international economy.[錯(cuò)解] 不填

[錯(cuò)因分析] 很多考生看到這道題后認(rèn)為Shanghai是一個(gè)表示地點(diǎn)的專有名詞，按照一般語(yǔ)法規(guī)則，專有名詞前不用冠詞，因此他們會(huì)感到無(wú)所適從或者誤填其他冠詞。

[答案] The [心得體會(huì)]

易錯(cuò)題四：特殊情況下定冠詞、不定冠詞的誤用

[例1] An apple fell from the tree and hit him on ________ head.[錯(cuò)解] his [錯(cuò)因分析] 在解此題時(shí)，考生較容易受漢語(yǔ)思維的干擾而誤填his。[答案] the [心得體會(huì)]

[例2] As everybody knows, a plane is ________ machine that can fly.[錯(cuò)解] the [錯(cuò)因分析] 有些考生會(huì)想當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為machine為可數(shù)名詞，且后面有定語(yǔ)從句修飾，所以誤填定冠詞the。

[答案] a [心得體會(huì)]

第五篇：英語(yǔ)高考復(fù)習(xí)---定語(yǔ)從句講解及練習(xí)解析

英語(yǔ)高考復(fù)習(xí)---定語(yǔ)從句講解及練習(xí)解析

第一部分:基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)

（一）．定語(yǔ)從句概述

定語(yǔ)可以由形容詞，代詞，數(shù)詞，名詞，不定式，介詞短語(yǔ)來(lái)充當(dāng)。如果是一個(gè)句子擔(dān)任定語(yǔ)，那么這個(gè)句子就叫做定語(yǔ)從句，又可稱為形容詞性從句。

定語(yǔ)從句通常修飾某一名詞或代詞，被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的這一名詞或代詞叫先行詞，它位于定語(yǔ)從句之前，定語(yǔ)從句在先行詞后面，應(yīng)盡量緊跟先行詞。定語(yǔ)從句的作用即在于對(duì)先行詞進(jìn)行限定說(shuō)明或補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。

（二）．定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞。

定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞分為兩類，關(guān)系代詞（that, which, who, whom, whose）和關(guān)系副詞（when, where, why），引導(dǎo)詞在先行詞和定語(yǔ)從句之間，既起連接作用，即連接先行詞和定語(yǔ)從句，更重要的是，它又在定語(yǔ)從句中作一個(gè)成分。

（三）．關(guān)系代詞

1.that 指人，物，在從句中作主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)。

This is the photo that I took in the country.He is the singer that I met yesterday.2.which 指物，在從句中作主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，在非限定定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)，或者代替前句

The film which we saw last night was moving.3.who 指人，在從句中作主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)。

The person who visited our classroom yesterday was our new headmaster.The man who you just talked to is Tom.4.whom 指人，在從句中作賓語(yǔ)。

That is the professor whom you want to know.5.whose 指人，物，在從句中作定語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于先行詞+ ’s, 后接一名詞。

I know the boy whose parents are dead.I don’t like those cities whose roads are dirty.【注】：關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略。

（四）．關(guān)系副詞

關(guān)系副詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ)，有時(shí)相當(dāng)于介詞+which，其中which指代先行詞不可以指示整個(gè)句子。

1，when 指時(shí)間，在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于at/ on/ in/ during which.I’ll never forget the day when(on which)I reached the top of the Huangshan Mountain.2，where 指地點(diǎn)，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于at/ in / to/ which.This is the school where(at which)I studied.3，why 指原因，在從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于for which.That’s the real reason why(for which)he was late.第二部分：關(guān)系代詞的特殊用法

（一）關(guān)系代詞指物時(shí), 用that而不用which的情況: 1，先行詞為something ,anything ,nothing ,everything以及all , much , little , a lot ，none , few 等不定代詞時(shí)。

My mother was so proud of all that I did 2，先行詞有the last , the very , the only以及all , much , few , no , any ,little等修飾時(shí)。

This is the very book that I’m looking for.3，先行詞為序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)(或所修飾)時(shí)。

This is the most exciting film that I’ve ever seen.When people talk about Hangzhou , the first that comes to their mind is the West Lake.4，the same 修飾先行詞時(shí) , 定語(yǔ)從句要用that 或as引導(dǎo) , 但意義不同。

This is the same watch as I lost last Sunday.(表示相同但并非同一)This is the same knife that I used yesterday.(表示就是那個(gè))5，先行詞既有人又有物時(shí), 只能用that。

Do you remember the book and its author that appeared on TV last Sunday 6，There be 后面的定語(yǔ)從句多用that引導(dǎo) , 不用which。

There’s a seat in the corner that is still free.7，句子前面出現(xiàn)了who , which 時(shí) , 后面的定語(yǔ)從句用that引導(dǎo)。

They built a factory which made some new products that had never been seen before.Who is the man that you were talking about just now ? 8，關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句作表語(yǔ)時(shí), 常用that , 而不用which、who。

My home town is not the small village that it was 10 years ago.Tom isn’t the man that he used to be(二)

關(guān)系代詞指人時(shí), 有時(shí)只用who ,而不用that。

1，先行詞為指人的代詞one , those , the man,以及人稱代詞如he等。

Those who are often late for school should be punished.He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man.2，先行詞為someone(somebody), no one(nobody), anyone(anybody), everyone

(everybody)。

Anyone who would like to attend the party should come on time.3，先行詞指人時(shí), 如有序數(shù)詞, 最高級(jí), the very , the only ,the last等修飾 , 定語(yǔ) 從句既可用that也可用who引導(dǎo)。

He is the first student who / that worked out the problem.(三)

關(guān)系代詞whose的用法：

1，whose 在從句中作定語(yǔ)，表示“先行詞的…”，既可指人，也可指物。

John is my best friend , whose father is a scientist.The old man lived in the house whose window was broken.The boss , in whose company my father worked , was very friendly to the workers.2，whose 可以轉(zhuǎn)換為of which（物）和of whom（人）。

1)The dictionary whose cover is missing is mine.(劃線部分可改為the cover of which或of which the cover)2)They also invited Mr Wang , whose car was stolen last Sunday.(劃線部分可改為 the car of whom 或 of whom the car)(四)

which的特殊用法：

1，關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句 , 有時(shí)不是修飾某個(gè)先行詞 , 而是指代主句的全部或部分內(nèi)容。特別注意，非限定定語(yǔ)從句中prep+which 時(shí)，which 只能指代先行詞，不可以指代句子。

1）In China , you sometimes get a hot damp cloth to clean your face and hands , which ,however , is not the custom in western countries.2）Helen often came late , which made the class teacher angry.2，which 有時(shí)可在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ) , 含義上相當(dāng)于指示代詞this / that。

1)He stayed in England for 5 years , during which time he learned English well.2)It may rain hard tomorrow , in which case I won’t go fishing.【注】：

which的這種用法與whose 作定語(yǔ)不同。whose 表示“ 先行詞的… ”。

They’re talking about a film , whose name I have forgotten.3，以介詞結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí) , 可借關(guān)系代詞which把介詞前置。

1）Tomorrow would be Christmas Day , and she had only $ 1.87 with which to buy Jim a present.2）Those poor people had no houses to live in / in which to live.【注】

如果先行詞指人，關(guān)系代詞用whom。

I want to find a person to travel to England with / with whom to travel to England.(五)

關(guān)系代詞as的用法：

1.引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句：

當(dāng)先行詞有such , so , the same等修飾時(shí), 關(guān)系代詞要用as ； as在從句中可作主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)。

1).I have never seen such a kind girl as she is.2).He is such a good teacher(so good a teacher)as every student respects.比較：He is such a good teacher(so good a teacher)that every student respects him.(此句為such / so … that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句)3).Such a student as often studies hard is sure to pass this exam.4).He bought the same bike as I did last week.區(qū)別 that I did last week

2.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句：

as不修飾某個(gè)先行詞，而是指代主句的全部或部分內(nèi)容，可譯為“這一點(diǎn)，此事；正如”，或不譯。這種從句可位于句首、句中或句尾。常見于

as we all know，as has been said above，as is usual，as is often the case，as everybody can see，as is known to us all等結(jié)構(gòu)。1).He has passed the exam , as is a pleasure to us.2).As we all know , the earth moves around the sun.3).This experiment , as you had expected , succeeded at last.3.，如前所述 , which也可引導(dǎo)這種從句 , 兩者常可互換。(非限定性定語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)句末且指代前面的主句)1）Those two students are wearing the same clothes , which / as is very interesting.2）They came to the party on time , as / which had been expected.但在以下兩種情況下有區(qū)別 ：

1).as從句可位于句首(或主句前), 而which從句只能在主句后。

As is often the case , we have worked out the production plan.2).關(guān)系代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 如果從句的謂語(yǔ)是及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu), 則只能用which。

His father died in a traffic accident , which made us greatly surprised.3）當(dāng)which 在從句中指代的是先行詞而不是主句，只能用which The car, which we saw on the playground, is Mike’s.4）“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，只能用which。

Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, the price of which was very reasonable.5）當(dāng)后置的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句是否定結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)只能用which引導(dǎo)。

He result of the experiment was very good,which we hadn't expected

6）“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，只能用which。

Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, the price of which was very reasonable.第三部分：關(guān)系副詞的特殊用法

（一）關(guān)系副詞when , where , why的用法：

1.關(guān)系代詞(which / that)與關(guān)系副詞(when, where, why)的選取方法： A)當(dāng)先行詞是定語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，選用關(guān)系代詞。關(guān)系代詞指代先行詞，并代替先行詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。

B)如果先行詞不是定語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ), 先行詞前面需要加上一個(gè)介詞才能在從句中作成分的時(shí)候, 選用關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系副詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ)，常可轉(zhuǎn)換為“介詞 +which”。

1)Do you remember the day which / that we spent in the mountain village ? Do you remember the day when(= on which)we visited the mountain village ? 2)This is the factory which / that we visited last year.This is the factory where(= in which)he worked last year.3)

We don’t believe the reason which / that he gave for his coming late.We don’t know the reason why(= for which)he has changed his mind.2.關(guān)系副詞where的從句還可以修飾point，situation，case，activity , scene , stage等地點(diǎn)意味不明顯的先行詞。關(guān)系副詞when的從句可以修飾occasion , stay等時(shí)間意味不明顯的先行詞。關(guān)系副詞why只修飾reason 這一個(gè)先行詞。

1)Now you can see we’ve come to the point where a change is badly needed.2)Today we’ll discuss some cases where beginners of English fail to use it

properly.3)There are few occasions when my students can’t understand what I teach in class.3.when和where 在少數(shù)情況下可作介詞賓語(yǔ)。

1).The naughty boy was hidden behind the door , from where he saw his mother walking into the house.（where 指代behind the door。不能換為which，因?yàn)閣hich只能指代the door）

2).They went to American three years ago，since when they have lived there.(when指代three years ago。不能換為which，因?yàn)閣hich只能指代three years =and since then)(二)

that在有些句型中可視為關(guān)系副詞：

way后面的定語(yǔ)從句常用that或in which引導(dǎo) , 但可省略。

I don’t like the way(that / in which)you speak to your parents.The way(in which / that)he worked on the problem was wrong.[注]： 如果way在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ), 應(yīng)該用關(guān)系代詞which / that。

He explained the problem in a way that / which everyone could accept.2.It is(about , high)time that …

(正)是 …… 的時(shí)候了。

that從句中常用一般過去時(shí), that在口語(yǔ)中可省略。It was high time that we stopped pollution.It is time that you had lunch now.比較There was a time when(during which)we were short of oil.3.This is the first(second ,… last)time that …

(從句中常用完成時(shí)態(tài))

This is / will be the last time that I have come to China.It was the first time that he had been invited to China.第四部分：定語(yǔ)從句有關(guān)要注意的問題

(一)關(guān)系代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),要注意從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。.先行詞只有one of 修飾時(shí) , 從句謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。

He is one of the students in our class who have been to Hainan.This is one of the best books that were written by the writer.2.one of 前有the，the only，the very，the first時(shí) , 從句謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。

Tom is the only / very one of the boys who knows the truth.(二)

定語(yǔ)從句的隔離現(xiàn)象：

定語(yǔ)從句和先行詞之間有時(shí)會(huì)被狀語(yǔ), 定語(yǔ)或者其他成分隔開, 要注意找準(zhǔn)先行詞。

The film brought the hours back to me when I was taken good care of in that village.Is there a restaurant around where we can have lunch ?

(around adv.在周圍)The days are gone when we used foreign oil.(主句謂語(yǔ)較短, 隔開先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句)2.定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的后面有時(shí)會(huì)出現(xiàn)插入語(yǔ)。

1)

He is the man who I think is fit for the job.2)

---Is that the small town you often refer to ?

---Right , just the one where you know I used to work for years.(三)

定語(yǔ)從句中有時(shí)會(huì)使用倒裝語(yǔ)序：

Three days later , we found an old house , in front of which stood a big tree.Finally they climbed up the mountain , above which appeared a beautiful rainbow.(四)

注意區(qū)別定語(yǔ)從句和其他從句：.區(qū)別where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句和地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句。(最明顯的區(qū)別是定語(yǔ)從句一定有先行詞)After the war , a new school was put up where there had once been a theatre.(狀語(yǔ)從句)A new school was put up at the place where there had once been a theatre.(定語(yǔ)從句)2.區(qū)別“介詞+which”的定語(yǔ)從句和“介詞+what”的賓語(yǔ)從句。

1)This is the company in which he worked three years ago.(which 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句)2)A modern city has been set up in what was a wasteland ten years ago.(what賓語(yǔ)從句)3.區(qū)別that的定語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。

The news that he won the match made us excited.(同位語(yǔ)從句)The news(that)he told us made us very excited.(定語(yǔ)從句)

【注】：同位語(yǔ)從句中that不作句子成分, 但不能省略，去掉that從句仍然完整。定語(yǔ)從句中that是關(guān)系代詞，可作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略。

訓(xùn)練題

1.Robert went to Shanghai in his twenties _________ several years later, he became a company director.A.when

B.where

C.which

D.who 2.The kind-hearted couple decided to adopt the boy ________ parents had been killed in an accident.A.whose

B.who

C.with whom

D.his 3.Last week our school put on an English play _____ Jim acted an important part.A.which

B.when

C.where

D.what 4.The boss, _____company Ms.King worked ten years ago, looked down upon women.A.in which

B.in that

C.in whose

D.whose 5.Hangzhou, _______ we paid a visit last spring, is one of the most beautiful cities in China.A.which

B.where

C.to there

D.from which 6.Many people like to chat online, _______, as most of them think, they can express themselves freely.A.which

B.there

C.that

D.where 7.This is an important subject ______ we might argue for a long time.A.about it

B.with which

C.about which

D.with it 8.These old pictures bring to their mind the college days ______ they spent together, ____ life was hard but happy.A.which;when

B.when;which

C.which;which

D.when;when

9.The reason _______ he gave for his second visit to the city was simply ______ he admired the sights here so much.A.why;that

B.why;why

C.which;that

D.which;why 10.A new type of car is on sale on the market, _____ makes it attractive to young people.A.its low price

B.what low price C.the low price of which

D.the low price of it 11.It is in the factory _______ you're going to pay a visit to ______ this kind of computer is made.A./;that

B.where;that

C./;where

D.that;which 12.We are in a difficult situation ________ we don't develop new products, we will end up closing our doors.A.if

B.where

C.if where

D.where if 13.Mr.Wilson has been to many cities in China, ______he thinks, Shanghai has impressed him most.A.with which

B.in which

C.of which

D.on which 14.You can hardly imagine the rate ________ his car has been running on the freeway.A.with which

B.to which

C.at which

D.for which 15.Sometimes our success depends on ______ we are lucky or not and sometimes it depends on the manner ______we conduct our life.A.whether;of which B.whether;in which C.that;by which D.that;for which 16.It's dangerous for you to use a kind of medicine ____________.A.that you are allergic to

B.that is allergic to you

C.which is allergic for you

D.which you are allergic for 17.Such people ________ were invited to the party showed no special interest in the soup he specially made for them, _______ made him upset.A.who;that

B.as;that

C.who;which

D.as;which 18.I often think of the hours _____ I stayed with you, ____ have a great effect on my life.A./;which

B.which;who

C.which;that

D.when;which 19.I shall never forget those days _______ I lived in the city with the workers, ______ has had a great effect on my life.A.which;that

B.which;which

C.when;which

D.when;who 20.This is one of the most exciting football games ________ I have ever seen.A.where

B.that

C.what

D.which 21.We were deeply impressed by the teachers and the schools _____ we had visited there.A.which

B.whom

C.who

D.that 22.The girl _____ we met yesterday is a film star, _____ played the leading role in the film _____we saw last time.A.when;who;which

B.that;that;/

C./;who;/

D.that;that;that 23.It is the second school _______ I used to work at, many teachers of ______ still have a good relation with me.A.which;that

B.where;that

C.that;that

D.that;which 24._______ was known to them, the manager had broken his promise _______ he would give them a rise.A.As;what

B.It;that

C.It;what

D.As;that 25.When you visit his family, you may chat for an hour or so, ________ not even a cup of coffee or a glass of water is offered.A.by this time

B.by which time

C.during this time

D.during which time 26.There are some cases _______ students obviously know the school rules but don't obey them.A.why

B.where

C.as

D.which 27.The expert offered us another piece of advice, _______ of great help to our program.A.I think it is

B.I think which is

C.which I think it is D.which I think is 28.He hid in a nearby palm tree, ______ he could see the patrols searching for him.A.from where

B.from which

C.there

D.which 29.A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked, “Is there a hospital around ______ I can get some medicine for my wounded hand?”

A.that

B.which

C.where

D.what 30.They lost their way in the forest, and _______ made matters worse was that night began to fall.A.it

B.which

C.that

D.what

31._______ medicine works in a human body is a question _______ not everyone can understand fully.A.How;that

B.That;which

C.That;which

D.What;that 32 Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment , _____ I will always

treasure.A.that

B.it

C.one

D.what 33.The book was written in 1946 , ______ the education system has witnessed great changes.A.when

B.during which

C.since then

D.since when 34.Is this hotel_______he stayed last year ?

A.the one

B.that

C.where

D.which 35.Is this the hotel_______he stayed last year ?

A.the one

B.that

C.where

D.which 36..Is it in the hotel_______he stayed last year ?

A.the one

B.that

C.where

D.which 37.Is this hotel_______he complained about?

A.the one

B.that

C.where

D.which

The days are gone

physical strength was all you needed to make a living.A when

B that

C where

D which 39 Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, ______ the audience can buy ice-cream.A when

B where

C that

D which 40 Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, ______ of course, made all the others upset.A who

B which

C what

D that

定語(yǔ)從句訓(xùn)練題解析

1.【解析】答案為B。where引導(dǎo)的是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾的是Shanghai。句意：Robert二十幾歲時(shí)去了上海，在那里幾年后，他成了一個(gè)公司主管。

2.【解析】答案為A。whose 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞the boy。句意：那對(duì)好心的夫婦決定收養(yǎng)那個(gè)父母在事故中死亡的孩子。

3.【解析】答案為C。本題考查定語(yǔ)從句。act a part in a play在戲劇中扮演角色。該句中play為先行詞，介詞in后需用which來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，而in which相當(dāng)于where.4.【解析】答案為C。whose company Ms.King worked in是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾boss。本句中介詞in提到關(guān)系代詞前。

5.【解析】答案為B。pay a visit to...參觀 / 游覽（某地），where we paid a visit last spring是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明Hangzhou的情況，其中，where相當(dāng)于to which。

6【解析】答案為D。where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞online；where在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，意思是“在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上”。as most of them think作插入語(yǔ)。7.【解析】答案為C。argue(with sb.)about / over sth.關(guān)于某事與某人爭(zhēng)吵。本句為包含定語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句，介詞about提到了關(guān)系代詞前。

8【解析】答案為A。which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾days，因?yàn)閺木渲衧pent是及物動(dòng)詞，所以選which作賓語(yǔ)。when也引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾days，因?yàn)榫渥咏Y(jié)構(gòu)完整，所以when在句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。

9.【解析】答案為C。which在定語(yǔ)從句中作gave的賓語(yǔ);第二空的that引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。

10.【解析】答案為C。該句是由which引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，which代替先行詞a new type of car，C選項(xiàng)相當(dāng)于whose low price。

11【解析】答案為A。第一空考查定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞，先行詞是物，可用that或which,因?yàn)樵趶木渥鱰o 的賓語(yǔ)，that和which可省略；第二空為強(qiáng)調(diào)句的引導(dǎo)詞，只能用that。

12【解析】答案為D。定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞為situation，表示抽象地點(diǎn)，所以從句要用關(guān)系副詞where來(lái)引導(dǎo)；定語(yǔ)從句中又包含有一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句，因此選D。13【解析】答案為C。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可看出是對(duì)定語(yǔ)從句的考查，which指代先行詞cities，of which表示范圍，“在去過的城市中”。

14【解析】答案為C。“介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，at which中的which指代前面的rate，它前面一般加介詞at表示“以……速度”。

15【解析】答案為B。第一空構(gòu)成whether...or not 結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“是否……”；第二空缺定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞，該定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞是表示方式的manner，而表示“以某種方式”用in a manner，所以第二空應(yīng)用in which。16.【解析】答案為A。be allergic to sth.(某人)對(duì)……過敏,medicine為先行詞,關(guān)系代詞可用that或which。

17【解析】答案為D。此題考查such(...)as結(jié)構(gòu)，這里as引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，as在從句中作主語(yǔ)；which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。

18.【解析】答案為D。______ I stayed with you是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞the hours，關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，因此用when。由于第二空引導(dǎo)的是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，所以用which，指代前面整個(gè)主句。

19.【解析】答案為C。第一空用when引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，在句中作狀語(yǔ)，先行詞為those days；第二空用which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，指代those days when I

lived...workers。

20.【解析】答案為B。當(dāng)先行詞有最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞只能用that，不能用which。

21【解析】答案為D。the teachers and the schools是先行詞,包含人和物，用that引導(dǎo)。

22.【解析】答案為C。考查引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞不能用that；關(guān)系詞在從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略。

23【解析】答案為D。第一空填that，是因?yàn)橄刃性~用序數(shù)詞修飾；第二空填which，考查“介詞 + which”引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的用法。

24【解析】答案為D。本句話的意思為：正如大家所知道的，經(jīng)理違背了他說(shuō)要給他們加工資的諾言。第一空填as，用來(lái)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，as用來(lái)代替后一句話的意思；第二個(gè)空后的句子用來(lái)說(shuō)明promise的具體內(nèi)容，起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的作用，是同位語(yǔ)從句，從句中不缺少成分，故選that。25【解析】答案為D。先行詞為an hour or so。本句中during which time引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，意為“在此一小時(shí)左右的時(shí)間內(nèi)”。

26【解析】答案為 B。situation, case和point作先行詞，后跟定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，若這幾個(gè)詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ)，則定語(yǔ)從句常用where引導(dǎo)。

27【解析】答案為D。I think在從句中作插入語(yǔ)，which是定語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)。28【解析】答案為 A。本題考查from where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，此處from where相當(dāng)于from in a nearby palm tree。句意為：他藏在附近的一顆棕櫚樹里，從那里可以看到搜查他的巡邏隊(duì)。

29【解析】答案為C。句中的 around 不是介詞，而是副詞，意為“在附近”；其后的 where 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句用以修飾其前的地點(diǎn)名詞 hospital，句意為：附

近有沒有一家醫(yī)院，我可以去治我的手傷？

30【解析】答案為D。what made matters worse 是主語(yǔ)從句(注意其后有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞was)，相當(dāng)于 the thing that made matters worse。

31【解析】答案為A.。how引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句

32【解析】答案為C。此時(shí)，one 是分句的先行詞，同時(shí)one 是 moment 的同位語(yǔ)

33【解析】答案為.D。此時(shí)when 相當(dāng)于 in 1946 , 最簡(jiǎn)單的說(shuō)法就是 and since then , and since the / this that = which 34【解析】答案為C。where引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，并非定語(yǔ)從句；如原句在hotel前加the，則為定語(yǔ)從句；A項(xiàng)改為the one where也正確，可理解為where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾the one。

35【解析】答案為C。where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾the hotel，并在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。

36【解析】答案為B。此句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句。

37【解析】答案為A。the one 為表語(yǔ)，其后的定語(yǔ)從句省略了引導(dǎo)詞that或which。38【解析】答案為A。橫線是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞days，而先行詞days的含義在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，所以選擇when。

39【解析】答案為A。Interval意為間隔，休息時(shí)間。是表示時(shí)間的名詞，作先行詞，它的含義在從句中作狀語(yǔ)，即：the audience can buy ice-cream(in the interval).所以選擇A when.40【解析】答案為B。插入語(yǔ)of course，把它去掉之后，不難看出是考查which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，which代替整個(gè)主句，所以選B which。