第一篇：自考綜合英語作文

綜合英語二 的難句釋義 與 作文

Lesson 1: the 9 things the book referred are: Pick a difficult thing and learn it well.挑一件難事，從中學習Donot be afraid to ask “stupid”question.不恥下問 Listen carefully.仔細聆聽 Everybody makes mistakes.人非圣賢，孰能無過？ Know your planet.了解你所處的星球 Science and technology.科學與技術 Donot spend your life watching TV.不要終生沉迷在電視上 Culture.文化 Compassion.同情去年十月份綜二卷已經考過這課了，故此次可能不會再考有關此課文的問答題。所以要注意此課后面的語法知識。1．主謂一致的三條原則 1）語法一致，即在語法形式上取得一致。2）意義一致，即根據意義來處理一致關系。3)就近原則，即謂語動詞的單、復數形式取決于最靠近它的詞語。2．集體名詞作主語時與動詞的一致 1）當主語為furniture，equipment，machinery等詞時，謂語動詞通常用單數。2）集體名詞如people，cattle，police，poultry，等往往作復數用。3)family, government, class, committee, audience , team, public 等詞被視做一個整體時，其后的動詞作單數；被視做為構成整體的個體時，其后的動詞則為復數。3．并列主語與動詞的一致 1）當“名詞+名詞”表示一種事物時，用單數動詞。2）當主語是由and，both ?.and 連接的并列結構時，如果主語所指的不是一種事物，動詞則用復數形式。3)在又or或 nor連接的并列結構中，動詞單、復數形式一般與or 或 nor 后邊的名詞或代詞保持一致。4)not only ? but also 連接的結構做主語時，動詞的單、復數形式依據but also 后的名詞或代詞。留下翻譯練習： 出席會議 干的不錯 體驗苦難 自學英語 發現奇跡 忍住咳嗽 掌握技能 獲取知識 需要勇氣 豐富生活 接受修正 改正錯誤 不再指望 作出努力 1.新造的大橋坍塌了，一名工程師和兩名地方官員為此受到刑事起訴。2.他工作了一天，午飯都沒動。3.經常性的體育運動使學生身體強壯，更好的適應學習，決不是浪費時間。4.在海洋世界公園，海豹和海豚能夠表演各種技巧，逗的小觀眾們樂不可支。5.把快樂建立在別人痛苦之上的人遲早要受到報應的。6.在某些方面，那部新字典有不少地方需要改進。7.當那輛公共汽車沖進路邊翻了車時，許多小朋友被困在里邊。8.在開幕式上，市政府將為一千多明來賓提供飲食。9.在中國，城市家庭只允許生一個孩子。10.只要我們能得到點休息，去哪里并不重要。1.那位男孩向警察詢問去火車站怎么走。2.學習外語沒有任何捷徑可走。3.獲悉我最喜歡的數學老師仍然在那所學校教書我決定去看他。4.這位老工人教育他的子女做人要誠實。5.他問老板那天他是否可以早點離開辦公室。6.艱難困苦使我們對我們現有的一切感到滿意。7.畢業時他要求到西藏去工作一年。8.我只不過是想關心別人，也希望受到他人的關心，我的要求并不過分。9.聰明人從自己的錯誤中吸取教訓。10.求援是沒有用的，因為已經早過了午夜。11.那位科學家教育他的學生說年輕人要面向未來。12.問及她生活的最大樂趣時，她說“學習”。難句釋義 lesson 1 Twelve things i wish they taught at school 1.Sometimes I think how grateful i would be today if I had learned more back then about what really matter.有時候，我想那時要是能學點真正重要的東西，今天我會多么地心存感激。2.the only thing I ever learned in school about Napoleons was that the United States made a Louisianna Purchase from him 關于拿破侖，在學校里我所學到的僅僅是美國從他手里買下路易斯安那。3.That's one of the few things that we do better than the other species on our planet.這是我們人類比這個星球上其它物種做得好些的為數有限的幾件事中的一件。4.It's much braver to ask questions even when there's a prospect of ridicule than to suppress your questions and become deadened to the world around you.明知會引起嘲笑而提問要比把問題埋在心里、對周圍的一切變得麻木不仁要勇掛得多。5.If such a work is hundreds or thousands of years old and is still admired, there is probably something to it.既然一部作品已存在了幾百年或是幾千年，今天仍然受到贊賞，那么大概它確實是有些名堂。6.Look at the delight a one-or two-year old takes in learning, and you see how powerful is the human will to learn.如果你看到一個一兩歲的孩子學做一件事時的樂趣，你就會明白人類學習的意志有多么堅強了。

lesson 2 Icons 1.But what makes some figures icons and others mere celebrities? 究竟是哪些因素使有些人成為偶像，另一些人僅成了名流呢？ 2.With the arrival of television,the faces of the stars became as familiar as those we saw across the breakfast table.電視的出現，使我們對明星的面孔就像像對家里人的面孔那樣熟悉。3.This kind of attitude rewards smooth,insincere talk,and makes hesitancy look like stupidity 這種看法結果是鼓勵了口若懸河的空話，而把遲疑看成是愚笨。

lesson 3（昨天的）Go-go Americans 1.We are slaves to nothing but the clock.“我們只受時鐘的支配，”這是人們的口頭禪。2.We want every minute to count.我們想讓每一分鐘都發揮作用。3.Don't take it personally.但這種表現不是針對個人的。4.Many of us have what might be called“ a short fuse”.我們當中很多人都會很容易“發火”。5.Most Americans live according to time segments laid out in engagement calendars.多數美國人是按照活動日程所制定的時間段來生活的。6.An increasingly high percentage of normal business is being done these days by voice and electronic device.今天通過聲音或是電子設施來處理日常公務的比例越來越高。

lesson 4 Take over,Bos'n 1.If i had to shoot at such close quarters, I wouldn't miss.要是我不得不開槍的話，離這么近他們誰也跑不掉。2.As long as we could look forward to getting a drink later, there was something to live for.只要我們一直盼著待會兒還能喝上一口水，我們就有了活下去的目標。3.“Why don't you quit? You can't hold out!” “你干嗎不放手？你能堅持到底嗎?” 4.Nothing else would have kept Barrett and the rest away from the water.除了槍，別的任何東西也不可能阻止巴雷特和其他人接近那點水。

lesson 5 Are you giving your kids too much? 1.I'm not complaining, only making a point.我并不是抱怨，只是表明一個看法。2.Overindulgence of a child also happens when parents are unable to stand up to their children's unreasonable demands.父母頂不住孩子們的無理要求也就嬌慣了孩子。3.Such parents vacillate between saying no and giving in——but neither response seems satisfactory to them.這類家長舉棋不定，對孩子們的無理要求，不知道是該回絕還是該滿足，覺得這兩者都不理想。4.But overindulging children with material things does little to lessen parental guilty 可是過分滿足孩子的物質要求并不能減輕家長的內疚感 5.Also, overindulged children are not as challenged as children with fewer playthings to be more creative in their play.還有，玩具太多的孩子在玩的時候不如玩具少的孩子有創造性。6.Rather, my intent is to help those parents who have already sensed that they might be overindulging their children but don't know how to stop.準確地說，我的意圖是給那些已經意識到自己嬌寵孩子而又不知怎樣糾正的家長出點主意。7.It's the cheerfulness and lack of hesitation that impress upon the child that parents mean what they say.這種和顏悅色和毫不猶豫的態度讓孩子感到父母說話是算話的。8.For a while they'll keep on applying the old pressures that used to work so well.在一段時間里，他還會采取過去行之有效的施加壓力的老辦法。

Lesson 6 Culture shock 1.Culture shock is caused by the anxiety that results from losing all our familiar signs and symbls of social intercourse.文化震蕩是由因失去社交活動中人們熟悉的標志和信號而引起的憂慮所造成的。2.All of us depend for our peace of mind and our efficiency on hundreds of these cues, often with our conscious awareness.我們每個人都是不自覺地依賴這些成百上千的信號來維持心境的平和及辦事效率。3.The home environment suddenly takes on a tremendous importance.To the foreigner everything becomes irrationly glorified.這時在一個剛到外國的人的心目中，自己國家各方面的情況忽然變得無比重要。對他來說家鄉的每一件事都變得不合邏輯地美好了。4.It usually takes a trip home to bring one back to reality.只有回國一趟，才能使他們回到現實中來。5.I had the advantage of speaking the same basic language and of sharing a great deal with the English in some broad, cultural aspects.我的優勢是與英國人說的是基本相同的語言，在廣義的文化淵源方面也與他們有許多共同之處。6.For some people, it may take several days to readjust.depending on the length of time they were away.有些人可能要花上幾天的時間來重新適應一切，需要多長時間與他們離開的時間長短有關。translation: 移植器官 接受邀請 拒絕邀請 認真看待 建立關系 堅持原則 更換戀人 兌換貨幣 社交約會 良好看法 面部表情 職業病 違約（1）醫生說病人的病源于孤獨和壓抑。（2）自從中國實施改革開放政策以來，這個城市的面貌煥然一新。（3）薩拉對18世紀的西班牙音樂并不熟悉。（4）感受文化震蕩的外國人常常采取與世隔絕的態度。（5）在頭幾個月，許多新生難以適應大學生活。（6）芳芳上幾個月才到達澳大利亞，已經很快適應了新的環境。（7）在實驗中，馬丁嚴格遵守導師定下的規則。（8）只要你努力工作，虛心向別人學習，新上任的壓力會逐步消除的。（9）生物學家決定試用那套昂貴的設備。Use concern, notice and take.（1）我注意到她從國外回來以后舉止有了很大的改進。（2）第二個問題與孩子們的安全有直接關系，必須立即解決。（3）你注意到林教授的新衣服沒有？穿上這套衣服他看起來很帥吧？（4）我想我會接受你的勸告，盡快去看醫生。（5）越來越多的中國人關心環保問題。（6）她受傷的那條腿疼的厲害，她只好吃了一片止疼藥。（7）我看見他匆匆地離開了晚會。（8）為了能在早上8點之前到達辦公室，他只好乘出租車。（9）你有沒有注意小王是什么時候離開的？（10）奧林匹克運動會每四年舉行一次。（11）帶上傘，天看起來要下與。（12）修理這臺電視機花了他兩個小時的時間。Lesson 7 The model millionaire I 1.He was as popular with men as he was with women, and he had every quality except that of making money.他在男士和女士中間人緣都很好。除了賺錢的才能之外，他別的才藝樣樣都有。2.At last he became nothing, a delightful, uselese young man with a perfect face and no profession.最后他一事無成，落得沒有職業，只有一張完美的臉蛋，成了一個可愛的窩囊廢。3.Indeed, few people are not nowadays.現在幾乎沒有什么人不是畫家。（注意作者的諷刺口吻：畫家滿天飛，到處都是。）4.When Hughie came in he found Trevor putting the finishing touches to a wonderful life-size picture of a beggar-man.當休吉走進去時，他看到特里沃在給一幅和真人一樣大小的、精彩的乞丐圖進行最后的潤飾。5.I tell you that there are moments when art almost reaches the importance of manual work.但說真話，有時藝術與體力活一樣重要。6.He looked so miserable that Hughie pitied him, and felt in his pocket to see what money he had.他看起來十分痛苦，休吉憐憫他，伸手摸摸衣兜里有多少錢。實現美夢 大發脾氣 失去記憶 尋求安慰 來跟香煙 保持安靜 憐憫某人 統制世界 證券交易 等身畫像 手工勞動 惡意的玩笑 憂傷的表情 襤褸的衣衫 淡淡的笑容 賺錢 股市 股東（1）模范護士海倫工作既講效率又有耐心，嚴格卻富有愛心，深受小病人們的喜愛。（2）部隊斷了糧，只能靠野果和樹皮充饑。（3）因售后服務好，奇跡牌洗衣機銷路很好。（4）由于那部電影大獲成功，它的插曲也很受歡迎。（5）楊教授搬家時，把許多書給了學生。（6）喬治喜歡把自己的過失歸咎于別人。（7）僅僅過了半年，他就厭倦了公司職員的工作。（8）我的教授不許我在圣誕節期間在實驗室工作。（9）我現在不能作出任何承諾，但是我會考慮這件事的。（10）他破產了，只得求助于朋友的資助。（1）在我桌上我發現了一個尋呼機。是你的嗎？（2）平安到達后請給我來個電話。（3）我已經替你找到了一套帶有家具的公寓。（4）關于如何改善雇員的工作條件，他們談了幾個小時。（5）你去超市時能幫我買兩個柯達膠卷嗎？（6）我發現住在鄉下是一種很有趣的經歷。（7）你得想辦法找人把漏水的龍頭修好。（8）我到家，發現爺爺在自言自語。（9）老師告訴他他兒子在考試中作弊，他很生氣。（10）同事們到達之前，他就把一切都準備好了。（11）醫生發現每天喝點酒的人要比那些從不喝酒的人健康。（12）光說沒有用，咱們還是開始干吧！

Lesson 8 The model millionaire II（8）當三位世界著名男高音出現在舞臺上時，整個音樂廳爆發出掌聲。1.do you think he would care for any of them? 你覺得他愿意要幾件? 2.you painters are a heartless lot.你們畫家真是一幫鐵石心腸的人。3.It's a whim of a millionaire.You know these rich men.這當然是百萬富翁一時心血來潮的怪念頭，你知道這幫闊佬是會做這種事的 4.It never entered my mind that you went about giving money away in that careless manner.我真的沒想到你會這樣隨便亂給別人錢。點燃香煙 裝上鏡框 一堆舊衣 變成碎片 情緒飽滿 自言自語 支付利息 捧腹大笑 真誠道歉 滿臉通紅 發表演說 搓手 私事（1）愿意和我一起步行上山嗎？（2）在地震中，我心愛的瓷瓶從櫥柜里掉下來，摔的粉碎。（3）德國人入侵后，我的老師死也不肯再教德文了。（4）在他們父親的葬禮上，兄弟兩個人為死者的錢財爭論不休，當眾出丑。（5）這份報告第一論點不明確，第二論據也不充分。（6）在他最后的日子里，吉米雖然很虛弱，卻依舊情緒飽滿。（7）湯姆無意傷害你，他只是實話實說罷了。（8）當三位世界著名男高音出現在舞臺上時，整個音樂廳爆發出掌聲。（9）在牛津大學當訪問學者時，他有幸會見了不少的大科學家。（10）休吉叫了起來：“我絕對沒有想到那老模特是個百萬富翁。” Use see, tell and show.（1）我看了看四周，但在黑暗里我什么也看不見。（2）他把這些年來所搜集的珍貴郵票拿給朋友們看。（3）我不明白你是什么意思。你為什么不告訴我真相。（4）她教了我好幾次怎樣使用這臺洗衣機，可我總記不住。（5）他告訴我他第二天不能來開會，他要照顧生病的母親。（6）這家人剛搬到這個鎮子來的時候，那位母親叫孩子們天黑以后不要外出。（7）他堅持把我送到公共汽車總站。（8）下星期天這部電影還要在電視上重播。（9）老師可以看得出吉姆對他的分數不是很高興。（10）導游把客人們領去看魯迅出生的那個房間。（11）許多城里人分不清水稻苗和雜草。（12）他搖了搖頭，公開表示了他與經理的觀點不同。

Lesson 9 Only 3 more days 1.Suddenly,later that morning,the solution became clear.那天上午晚些時候，辦法突然明朗了。2.how could these hard-nosed Nazi detectives help but smell out the diaries beneath my broacasts? 那些精明的納粹偵探怎么可能嗅不出廣播稿下面的日記呢? 3.It would give me prestige in his eyes,or at least make me less suspect,foreigner though I was 盡管我是外國人這也會讓他對我刮目相看，至少也能減少他對我的猜疑。4.The feared Gestapo,I knew,was really not very efficient.我知道那些令人畏懼的蓋世太保并非真的很能干。5.I had only to hold out this one more day,and the whole nightmare for me would be over,though it would go on and on for millions of others.我只要再把這一天忍過去，噩夢就會過去了，可是對于千千萬萬的人來說，噩夢還要繼續下去。取消航班 得到許可 值得一試 以身冒險 蓋上印章 如釋重負 送報/牛奶 扣押某物 入境簽證 出境簽證 交通堵塞 個人物品 沖馬桶（1）一場隧道大伙使進城的交通中斷了近一個星期。（2）我把地圖攤在地上，查找去拉薩的路線。（3）通過仔細研究報紙上的廣告，小鮑勃察覺出一個大盜竊陰謀。（4）一座橋的倒塌引起地方官員的警覺，并促使他們決定視察所有正在興建的橋梁。（5）沿路直至山頂，都可以看到美麗的粉紅色杜鵑花在盛開。（6）每個人都在關注那個地區形式，看其如何發展。（7）工人們對工廠的糟糕管理和低效率難以容忍。（8）此樓的裝修只準在白天進行。（9）他費力的想弄清楚名首字母N。E指的是什么。（10）我來到游泳池，沒想到卻同一個粗魯的年輕人爭吵起來。Use put, hold and pick.（1）只要付錢，游客們可以在這個公園里自由采摘水果。（2）那位白人婦女右臂抱著一個嬰兒，左手提著一個旅行袋。（3）如果你設身處地為他想想，你就會理解他的選擇了。（4）她因為太激動了，無法把自己的思緒用諺語表達出（5）我們要挑選12位高中生參加下一屆國際奧林匹克數學競賽。（6）要求所有考生都把自己的編號而不是姓名寫在答案紙上。（7）在這個職位我已經干了5年，我說什么也不會辭職的。（8）昨天咱們買的的那些書你放到哪了？（9）我覺得一條船容納不下我們這些人，還是租兩條吧。（10）這是你的錯，你怎么能把責任推到別人身上。（11）這次全國圖書展銷會將在10個城市舉行。Lesson 10 The washwoman 1.But this washwoman, small and thin as she was, possessed a strength that came from generations of peasant ancestors.可是這位洗衣婦，盡管個子又瘦又小，卻具有從她們世代農民祖先那里繼承來的強健體魄。2.But there was in her a certain pride and love of labor with which many Gentiles have been blessed.可是她有許多非猶太人所具有的那種自尊心，那種對勞動的熱愛。3.The old woman did not want to become a burden, and so bore her burden.老婦人不愿成為別人的累贅，因此自己承擔起養活自己的責任。4.God forbid!What good would such a long life be? 但愿上帝別讓我活到那么大的歲數!活那么長有什么用? 5.And now at last her body, which had long been supported only by the force of honesty and duty, had fallen.現在長期以來一直由真誠和責任心支撐著的身軀終于倒下了。扮演角色 積累經驗 熨燙衣物 身負重擔 卸下重擔 作出犧牲 縫補衣物 物歸原主 承擔任務 堅強的意志 不屈的意志 粗糙的手指 深陷的雙眼 寒冷的冬天（1）我祖母少有的善良和慷慨使所有認識她的人都敬愛她。（2）在長達一周的夏季反攻中，士兵們用盡了彈藥。（3）恐怕你的要求超越了他的權限。（4）輪船劇烈地左右晃動，許多乘客都暈船。（5）老人在叢林里生活多年，與外界極少來往。（6）她年輕時得過癌癥，后來康復了，一直活到高齡。（7）廣場中心的雕像表達了人民對將軍的敬重和自豪之情。（8）我把消息告訴了瑪利之后，她看上去好象要暈到。（9）她不顧父母的強烈反對，決定去上夜校。（10）為幫助愛利絲準備參加網球比賽，她母親請來了本地最好的教練。Use cover, fall and pass.（1）我從梯子上掉了下來，傷了左胳膊。（2）在大學我們至少需要300元來支付伙食費。（3）唐山遭受地震以來二十多年已經過去了。（4）這個課程涉及到二戰以來美國歷史的各個方面。（5）雪一直緩緩地下著。（6）這本書挺難，我一小時只讀了10頁。（7）那個期間他三次經過自己的家都沒有進去。（8）這次高考入學考試他沒能通過，他決心明年再試一次。（9）那個小男孩問他的父母為什么樹在秋天掉葉子。（10）你們看完了這份報紙之后，把它傳給三班。

Lesson 11 How I Reserved My Apprenticeship 1.I am sure that I should never have selected a business career if I had been permitted to choose.我相信要是我有選擇的余地，我不會選擇經商的生涯。(此句包含一個虛擬條件句)2.What I could get to do, not what I desired, was the question.問題是，我能找到什么活干，而不是我想干什么活。3.I resolved that the wolf of poverty should be driven from our door some day.我當時下定決心總有一天我們要解決溫飽問題。（也可直譯為：我當時下定決心總有一天要把貧困這匹惡狼從我們門口趕走。）4.It was given to me because I had been of some use in the world!這錢給了我是因為我對社會有了點用處 5.It is everyting to feel that you are useful.感到自己是個有用的人那才叫棒。6.something within always told me that this would not, could not, should not last 我的內心有一種力量時時激勵我:這種情況不會，也不可能，更不應該持續下去。7.Everything must be bright to them.只能讓他們知道好的一面。8.It seems, nowadays, a matter of universal deire that poverty should be abolished.今天人們好像普遍希望消除貧困。養家糊口 吸取教訓 贍養家庭 提供材料 驅動機器 緩解痛苦 記錄帳目 消除貧窮 教訓某人 家庭會議 職業女性 珍貴財富（1）眼見敵人的導彈把村莊炸成一片廢墟，村民門都氣炸了肺。（2）他注意到了那個中年人給一家電視公司開了一張150英鎊的鈔票。（3）他從一生經歷中體會到，友誼和愛比金錢重要的多。（4）去年夏天，他在一所鄉間村舍住了一個月，遠離城市的喧鬧。（5）為了保護大自然這一共同利益，許多政府聯起手來清除化學工業帶來的有毒污染。（6）委員會決定明年的會議在西安舉行。（7）天亮時，他發現自己躺在一個山谷底處。（8）許多人為“希望工程”捐款，是因為他們深切同情鄉村里上不起學的孩子們。（9）高考來臨之際，考生家長們都在盡力減輕孩子的精神負擔。Use serve, bear and work.（1）他已經為這個廣告公司工作6年了。（2）電梯現在不運行，他只好爬上11層樓。（3）看來他的阿諛奉承這次不能奏效了。（4）我80歲的爺爺無法忍受北方的嚴冬。（5）他父親在10年前是中國駐英國的大使。（6）在屋子的角落里有一張矮桌子當電視架使用。（7）那家名流聚集的餐館的飯菜很一般。（8）這部移動電話看起來不時髦，可能滿足我的需要。（9）如果出了問題，你就的承擔責任。（10）我不人心看到老人受到他們親生子女的虐待。（11）我們多年的努力現在終于開花結果了。（12）如果這種藥沒有效果，那么你只好動手術了。

Lesson 12 The friend of the environment 1.He might cut down the forests and dam the steams, but the clouds and rain and the stream of life were God's.人可以砍伐森林，可以在江河上筑壩，但是天上的云彩、天上下的雨以及源遠流長的生命都由上帝主宰。2.The book exploded into the public consciousness.此書一夜之間提高了公眾的(環保)意識。砍伐森林 筑壩攔河 發出警告 受到表揚 激起熱情 激發想象 大學畢業 政府干預 人造衛星 學術報告 強烈反對 熱心讀者 嚴酷事實 上。。課 連續10天 新華社 暢銷書 環保（1）盡管年紀小，沒經驗，這位小演員同一起工作的明星卻能無拘無束的相處。（2）沒過一會兒，巴德先生就發現他的顧客是警察通緝的那個人。（3）在完全了解自己嚴重的病情下，吉姆在生命最后幾個月里作出了許多勇敢的選擇。（4）1998年中國的水災向中國人民發出了嚴重警告。（5）怎樣培養好獨生子女在中國引發許多爭論。（6）詹姆斯是在牛津時接觸到莎士比亞的著作的。（7）當我發現那位著名畫家竟然與我家有親戚關系時，感到十分驚訝。（8）人在劇烈活動時，肌肉中的蛋白質會分解的更快。（9）那個少年使瓊斯太太回想起她自己在過去的困難日子里的痛苦經歷。（10）這個村子一定遭受了龍卷風的襲擊，我們看到到處都是被破壞的房屋和被吹到的樹木。（11）盡管有風險，他們還是堅持把實驗做完。（12）我知道有這么一位藝術家，但沒有見過面。Use break, reach and start.（1）不知道我們的請柬是否已經到達他那里。（2）任何違反交通規則的司機都將被罰款。（3）他到的時候，我們正要出發。（4）她把藥放在了兒子夠不著的最上面的架子上。（5）在爭吵的過程中她將一面鏡子摔到了地上，把它摔碎了。（6）足球比賽剛剛進入高潮，突然下起雨來。（7）我們誰也不敢把這壞消息告訴他。（8）去查問一下慶祝活動幾點開始。（9）天氣預報說今天的最高溫度將預計達到攝氏38度。（10）他沒發開動割草機，跑去找他父親幫忙。

Lesson 13 Who shall dwell? 準備晚餐 切斷電源 切斷供水 發射導彈 發動進攻 交換意見 交流經驗 面如死灰 首要問題 核武器 核電站 核能 閂門（1）請今晚注意收聽重要新聞。（2）當瓊斯太太抓住那個男孩時，他不敢正視她。（3）科布教授講課的特征是講的飛快。（4）你不能按審計的要求記帳，就不能算一個好會計。（5）在邊遠地區，還有大批學齡兒童不能上學。（6）警察向司機明確指出，他必須確切地描述事故發生的過程。（7）已經告戒本地農民，今年有可能發生水災。（8）法庭認為沒有必要傳訊更多的證人，打算在近期結案。（9）她既耐心又堅定地作出努力，要拆除擋在她兒子和其他孩子之間的那堵墻。（10）懷特一家人擔心要是他們不付房租，房東就會把他們轟出來。Use leave, send and turn.（1）當我給他打電話時，他已經離開辦公室了。（2）空襲警報使人們紛紛往自己的家跑區。（3）為了幫父母養家他15歲的時候就輟學了。（4）現在許多人不再郵寄圣誕卡，而是通過電子郵件向朋友們表示問候。（5）在我的挎包里找不到鑰匙，一定是忘在辦公室里了。（6）她轉過身來，看見兒子眼里充滿了淚水。（7）今年春節你打算給你的筆友寄點什么？（8）你最好讓窗戶開一會兒，讓新鮮空氣進來。（9）他們決定把防空洞改造成儲藏室。（10）奧塞羅的頭發一夜之間全變白了。

Lesson 14 Cipher in the snow 1.I blurted out the news somehow.我沒有拐彎抹角而是直截了當地把事情說了出來。2.How do you go about making a boy into a zero? 怎么能把一個孩子弄成這樣一事無成? 3.Even shy, timid, sweet children have resilience.It takes time to break them.即使是膽小、害羞、溫順的孩子也是有韌性的，他們不是一天就能夠擊垮的。（注意作者的諷刺、憤怒的口氣：那些老師也是下了不少的工夫，花了不少時間才把一個智商本來不低的孩子弄成這個樣子的。）改變主意 參加葬禮 喃喃自語 自言自語 認養孩子 發起進攻 刺骨寒風 倒斃在地 砰然關門 干瘦的身軀 褪色的牛仔褲 智商與情商（1）音樂突然停止，播音員幾乎是叫了起來：“警報！注意隱蔽！”（2）火車突然剎車，杯子和盤子都滾落到地上。（3）身為主任，他的任務是組織實驗室的工作，他很少親自做實驗。（4）許多年以后，他仍能回想起飛機失事時的慘景。（5）我當小學徒時，壓力大，工作很辛苦，但我從來不把這些告訴父母。（6）搬進新辦公樓哪天，我們搞了一次慶祝活動。（7）晚飯后克里夫把書本攤在面前開始復習功課。（8）就我所知，彼得的父親在醫囑中給彼得留下了至少25萬英鎊。（9）鮑勃發現幾則廣告很奇怪，他就在報紙檔案堆進行調查。（10）醫生指出，此種藥物對嬰兒有害。Use drive, forget and drop.（1）我忘了帶我的字典了。我能用一下你的嗎？（2）電話突然響了，他嚇了一跳，書也掉到地上。（3）不要老是想你和班上其他同學的膚色不一樣，就記住你和他們一樣的聰明。（4）對金錢和權利的欲望使相當一些人走上犯罪的道路。（5）一再的失敗使他幾乎喪失了理智。（6）我永遠不會忘記我們在大學度過的那些愉快的日子。（7）這個國家的人口出生率已經降至0。3%。（8）如果他不開車送我去車站的話，我昨晚就趕不上火車。（9）很抱歉，我忘了這些學生是穆斯林。（10）他們聽到有人走過來，就壓低了嗓子。

其實我個人感覺，把課文意思弄通了，再加上基本語法練習，過關是沒有問題的了。下冊: lesson 1

Courtesy:Key to a happier world 難句釋義：

1.Courtesy,politeness,good-manners——call it what you will,the supply never seems to equal the demand: 禮貌也好，客氣，或文明舉止也好，無論你稱它什么，其供應似乎總是小于需求。（意思是人們維護和諧的關系所需要的禮貌從來都低于他們實際表現出的水平。）2.What impelled the boy to take so much trouble to spare the feelings of a stranger?Courtesy,compassionate courtesy.是什么促使這個年輕人不厭其煩地這么做？是禮貌，基于同情心的禮貌。（為了不讓一個陌生人感到自己無用而難堪。）3.Even when you have doubts about some people,act as if they are worthy of your best manners.即使對有些人你不太有把握（他們是否值得你禮遇），也要以禮相待，就像他們值得你這樣對待他們一樣。4.All skills require constant repetition to become second nature;good manners are no exception.一切技能都需要經常重復而后才能成為第二天性，禮貌也是如此。5.Nowhere is thinking courtesy more important than in marriage.理性的禮貌在婚姻中比在其他任何方面都更加重要。（此句是倒裝句，表強調。正常語序：Thinking courtesy is more important in marriage than anywhere else.）6．But some of the most precious gifts in life come with no strings attached.可是生活中的有些最寶貴的贈品卻是不帶有任何附加條件的。（意思是別人對你的善舉、好意、禮貌也是生活給你的贈品——無須回報就能得到的東西，不要認為人家是別有用心的。）7.The only constant,daily,effective solution is politeness——which is the golded rule in action.唯一能經常、每天使用的有效的解決方法就是以禮待人這個行為準則。Lesson 2 & 3 The man who could work miracles(I & II)1.It’s something contrary to the course of nature done by power of will.奇跡是通過意志的力量產生違反自然規律的事物。2.The fears of his first discovery were now mixed with pride and ideas of advantage.剛發現自己超凡能力時的恐懼心情這時已經摻入了自豪感和優越感。3．As the day passed,his state of mind passed from wonder to dilight.就在這一天之內，他的思想狀況由驚訝變成了喜悅。4.Mr.Fotheringay performed no more miracles that night,nor did he trouble to see what had become of his flowering stick.那天夜里，佛澤林蓋先生沒有再制造奇跡，也沒有費神去看看他那根開花的拐仗到底怎么樣了。5．Except for the loss of his miraculous powers,everything was back as it had been.And among other things,of course,he did not believe in miracles.除了失去他那不可思議的能力之外，一切都回到了以往的狀況，其中當然也包括他不相信有奇跡這一情況。

Lesson 4 Zero hour:43 seconds over Hiroshima緊急時刻：廣島上空的43秒鐘 1.But she felt well enough to be up and about.不過，她感覺起床活動是沒有問題的。2.she had sunk into unconsciousness.她失去了知覺。3.The very air seemed hostile,so thick with dust and ash that she could barely see.連空氣也好像是在作對，充滿了塵土和灰煙，使她什么也看不見。4.That life had been a comfortable one,wanting in nothing——not,at least,until the war.那本來是很舒適的生活，什么也不缺，至少直到戰爭爆發之前是如此。5.But he could not shut the war out of the sheltered world he had built for himself and his family.但是這場戰爭也必然波及到他極力保護的家庭。（直譯：他不可能把這場戰爭排斥在他為自己和家人營造的小天地之外。）6.The street were filled with the dead and the barely living.街上到處是死人和只剩下一口氣的人。7.The illness had not really left her;it had gone into hiding.病魔并沒有真正離開她，只不過是隱藏起來了。

Lesson 5 First principles 首要原則 1.What we ought to do is give to people we love——give memorable things according to our ability.我們應該做的是為我們所愛的人奉獻，也就是說根據我們的能力送給他們有紀念意義的東西。2.It was Laura’s ovvious pleasure that had brightened everything.正是因為勞拉喜形于色，給全家增添了節日氣氛。3.They made her think of the ballerina dress,and of all the pure,proud,filmy beauty of the world that belonged,by right,to Laura.那朵朵鮮花使她想到那件芭蕾舞衣，使她想到世上一切純真的、值得自豪的、朦朧的美，都理所當然地屬于勞拉。（意思是說：勞拉這樣好的女孩子應該享受世上一切美好的東西。）

Lesson 6 The beauty of Britain 1.The beauty of our country——or at least all of its south of North Scotland——is as hard to define as it is easy to enjoy.我們國家的美，至少北蘇格蘭以南所有的地方之美欣賞容易，描繪難。（直擇：欣賞起來容易，說明白難。）個人覺得，這課出題的可能性不是很大。但我學會了一個翻譯：《綜合英語》: A Comprehensive English Course Lesson 7 Some meanings of Authentic Love 1.If I love you,I’m responsive to most of your major needs as a person.如果我愛你，我就回對你作為人的大多數的主要需求有反映。2.This commitment does not entail surrendering our total selves to each other;nor does it imply that the relationship is necessarily permanent.這種承諾并不需要我們相互放棄自身的特性，也不表示我們的這種關系一定是永久的關系。3.In other words,love comes into an imperfect world to make it livable.換句話說，愛來到這個不完美的世界，使它可以適合人們居住。（即：因為有了愛，人們才能在這個問題很多的世界上生活下去。）4.Love means having a want for the person I love without having a need for that person in order to be complete.愛意味著對于我所愛的人，我需要有他，而不是缺了他就不行。

Lesson 8 How I designed an A-Bomb in my junior year at Princeton 1.I develop a terrible case of bloodshot eyes.Sleep comes rarely.我的雙眼布滿了血絲，我很少感到困。2.Seven days before the design is due,I’m still deadlocked.離規定交設計的日子還有七天的時候，最后兩個問題還是毫無進展。3.But I can’t be sure until I know the exact nature of the explosives I will use.可是，我要是不了解我要使用的炸藥的性能，我是不敢肯定我設計的原子彈是不是真的有那么大的威力。4.”The question has been raised by the department whether your paper should be classified by the U.S.government.” “系里有人已經提出你的論文是否應該由美國政府列為保密項目的問題。” 5.Here I have put on paper the plan for a device capable of killing thousands of people,and all I was worrying about was flunking out.我把一個能夠殺死成千人的裝置設計出來了，而我一直擔心的是再考不及格讓我退學。

Lesson 9 Forty years on 1.The comparisons were,without exception,to my disadvantage.比較的結果總是我不如他。2.To me it seemed sinister that Mother always passed on any small achievement of mine.媽媽總是把我每一點小小的成績傳遞過去，我覺得這樣做好像是不吉利。3.What a boomerang that proved!By return of post came the news that John had won a scholarship.真是適得其反！她收到的回信帶來了約翰獲得獎學金的消息。4.I did have,however,one horribly narrow escape.不過，有一次我是幸免于難。（narrow escape夸張的手法，取得幽默的效果。）5.In addition to my physical woes I had mental agonies;I prayed that something might occur to prevent this meeting.肉體的痛苦不說，我還受精神壓力的折磨；我祈求發生什么意外的事情把這次會面化為泡影。6.So they played the game both ways,did they? 這么說他們兩關玩的是同樣的把戲，是不是？

Lesson 10 On friendship 1.For a Frenchman,a German or an Englishman friendship is usually more special and carries a heavier burden of commitment.對于法國人、德國人或是英國人來說，友誼一般包含更為特殊的內容，承擔更多的義務。2.Related to this is the sense each friend gives the other of being a special individual,on whatever grounds this recognition is based.與此相關的是,朋友之間彼此使對方感到與眾不同,無論這種感覺的依據是什么.3.And between friends there is inevitably a kind of equality of give and take.此外,朋友之間必然要有來有往,互讓互諒.Lesson 11 Selling the post(I)1.The flaw in my character which she had already spotted was lack of “gumption”.在我的性格中,她已經發現的弱點是缺少“進取心”.2.We were only sixty-five years from Lincoln.Many a grandfather who walked among us could remember Lincoln's time.我們離林肯也只有65年的時間,生活在我們中間的許多爺爺輩的人還記得林肯時代.many a: a large number of(正式)很多 3.Those young men would not go far in this world.那些年輕人在這個世界里沒有多在的前程.4.He presented it with reverence fit for a religious object.他畢恭畢敬地把那帆布包遞給我,似乎那包是件圣物.Lesson 12 Selling the post(II)1.Put me down as a regular customer.把我算成一個長期買主吧.2.I bowed to superior will and entered journalism with a heavy heart.我只好屈服于我母親至高無上的意志,心事重重地進入了新聞行業.3.So far as I could make out,what writers did couldn't even be classified as work.按我當時的理解,作家干的事甚至不能算作是工作.4.I did not dare tell anybody for fear of being laughed at in the schoolyard,but secretly I decided that what i'd like to be when i grew up was a writer.這事我不敢跟任何人說,怕在校園里讓人笑話,不過我私下認定長大之后要當作家.Lesson 13 How to grow old 1.I never do anything whatever on the ground that it is good for health,though in actual fact the things I like doing are mostly wholesome.盡管我喜歡做的事情大多數是有益于健康的，但我從不因某事有益于健康而特意去做那件事。2.Psychologically there are 2 dangers to be guarded against in old age.One of these is too great an absorption in the past.The other thing to be avoided is clinging to young in the hope of finding strength in its vitality.從心理角度來說，老年時期要提防兩種危險。一是沉溺于過去。另一件要避免的事，就是依戀子女，希望從他們身上的活力中獲取生命的力量。3.Three passions,simple but overwhelmingly strong,have governed my life;the longing for love,the search for knowledge,and unbearable pity for the suffering of mankind.三個牽掛，簡單但又極為深重，支配了我的一生：對愛的渴望，對知識的追求，對人類苦難的無限的同情。4.This has been my life.I have found it worth living,and would gladly live it again if the chance were offered me.我就是這樣生活的。我認為這樣活著值得，如果上天賜我良機，我愿意這樣再活一次。

Lesson 14 The listener 1.And he sat there,gentle and reflective,his great workman hands resting on outspread thighs.于是他坐在那里，和藹、深沉，一雙勞動者的大手搭在伸開的大腿上。2.For some time he continued to sit in silence.Then he looked up,lifted those hands calmly,judiciously,and nodded his head.他靜靜地又坐了一會兒，然后抬起頭來，安詳地、有見地地舉起了雙手，點了點頭。

Lesson 15 Edison: Inventor of invention 1.In my youth the lonely inventor who could not obtain a hearing was still the stock figure of the imagination.我年輕的時候，人們對發明家的印象仍然是那種不為人理睬、孤立無援這種固定模式的人物。2.In strict truth an invention is almost never the sole product of any one mind.嚴格地說，一項發明創造幾乎不可能只是任何一個個人的思想結晶。3.It may be that in time we shall become used to change as in our older wisdom we had become used to the unchanging.也許，隨著時間的推移，我們會慢慢習慣于變革，就像在此以前，我們的思想狀態使我們習慣于停滯不變一樣。

those coming from lands where time is looked upon differently may find this matter of pace to be one of their most diffcult adjustments in both business and daily life.來自時間觀大相徑庭的國家的人，可能會發現無論在公務方面還是日常生活中，(在美國)節奏是最難以適應的方面之一。

those coming是主語 from lands...differently作定語修飾those coming may find助動詞+V，作謂語

BOOK Ⅰ L1 P14 Why does the author tell s not to be afraid to ask stupid questions? The author thinks that many apparently naive inquiries like why grass is green, or why the sn is round, or why we need 55,000 unclear weapons in the world--are really deep questions.He says when you try to get the answers, you will gain deep understanding of the things.Its also important to know, as well as you can, what it is that you dont know, and asking questions is the way.He also tell us to ask stupid questions requires courage on the part of the asker and knowledge and patience on the part of the answers.And dont confine your learning to schoolwork.Discuss ideas in depth with friends.Its much brave to ask questions even when theres a prospect of ridicule than to suppress your questions and become deadened to the world around you.L2 Icons P30 What are the factors to shift the hero-worship to the celebrity-worship? The new forms of media--photography, moving pictures, radio and television are the main factors.The reproduction of photos in newspapers turned famous people into celebrities whose dress, appearance, and personal habits were widely commented upon.Slowly, the focus of public attention began to shift away from knowing what such people did to knowing what looked like.The shift was accelerated by the arrival of moving pictures.Between 1901 and 1914, 74 percent of the magazine articles about famous people were about political leaders,inventors, inventors, professionals, and businessmen.After 1922, however, most articles were about movie stars.With the arrival of television, the faces of the stars became as familiar as those we saw across the breakfast table.We came to know more about the lives of the celebrities than we did about most of the people we know personally.Less than seventy years after the appearance of the first movimg pictures, the shift from hero-worship to celebrity-worship was complete.L3 GO-GO AMERICAN P46 What is the Americans attitude towards time?Give necessary examples.In the United States, many people keenly feel the shortness of each lifetime.They are aware that once a day in their life is gone, it will never come back.And Americans believe no one stands still.If you are not moving ahead, you are falling behind.So they value time and want every minte to count.This attitde towards time is shown in the fast pace of life in the country.Whatever they do they always seem to be in a rush.You find people hurrying to get where they are going.They hurry to eating places for a mea and finish it as quickly as possible.Also Americans do what they can to save time.They produce a lot of labour-saving devices such as clothes-and dish-washers;they rapidly communicate through phone calls, telex and e-mail and cut down on personal contacts.L4 Take Over,Bosn!P62 Can you imagine what did Barret think of when he heard Snyders whisper Take over,bosn? Becase of thirst,Barret was almost out of mind.He rose several times and was a constant threat.But when he heard Snyder said“Take over, bosn, he had a strange feeling suddenly.He came to realize he would and must take over the task and be responsible for the rest.As long as he stopped others from the little water, they would always have hopes and wouldnt die soon.So he picked Snyders gun up and decided to hold off the other from the water until night when a ship saved them.L5 Are You Giving Your Kids Too Much? P78 Why parents overindulge their children? There are several reasons to explain why parents overindulge their children.One fairly common reason is that parents overindulge their chidren out of a sense of guilt.Parents who both hold down full-time jops may feel guilty about the amount of time they spend away from their children and may attempt to compensate by showering them with material possessions.Other parents overindulge because they want their children to have everything they had while growing up, along with those things the parents yearned for but didnt get.Still others are afraid to say no to their childrens denless requests for toys for fear that their children will feel unloved or will be ridiculed if thy dont have the same playthings their friends have.L6 Culture Shock P94 What are four stages that people go through when they experience situations that are very different from those to which they are accustomed? Stage one is a honeymoon phase, during which the new experience is perceived to be interesting, picturesque, entertaining, and charming.You may notice several superficial differences such as music, food, and clothing, and the fresh apeal of the new experience keeps you feeling interested and positive.When you stay in a new envirnment for a while, you move to stage two-the crisis stage-in which the shine wears off and day-to-day realities sink in.In relationship, you notie annoying habits;in a new country, you find barriers to establishing connections or to learning the language beyond a few polite phrases.If you stick with the experience and try to deal with it realistically, you will probably move to the third phase:recovery.In recovery, you learn the systems, procedures, language or nonverbal behaviors of the new environment so that you can cope with it on the basis of some mastery, competence, and comfort.Finally,when you feel that you function well and almost automatically in the new culture, you will move to the fourth phase:adjustment.L7 The Model Millionaire(I)P108 Suppose you are the millionaire.Explain how you get to know Hughie Erskine and what you do in return for the pound he gave you when you first met.I am Baron Hausberg.I have enough money to buy the whole of London.One day, on a whim I asked my artist friend Alan Trevor to pain me as a beggar.Alan had almost finished the picture when a very charming young man walked into his studio.I suppose he must have been very sympathetic with me, for when Alan was away a minute, the young man quickly put a pound into my hat.I was startled for a moment, but I was pleased when I realized that he took me for a real begger.Later I learned from Alan all about this young man:he was poor, and could not marry the girl he loved because her father wouldnt let them unless he had 10,000 pounds.Touched by the young mans spirit of kindness, I decided to help him.The next day I had a cheque for 10,000 pounds delivered to him as a wedding gift.L8 The Model Millionaire(II)P123 Retell the story The Model Millionaire in about 150 words, concluding your retelling with a one-sentence comment.Hughie Erskine was a charming young man who was in love with a nice girl called Laura Merton.Lauras father made it clear to Hughie that he would not marry his daughter to him until Hughie had ten thousand pounds.One day,Hughie went to see his artist friend Alan Trevor in his studio.There he found his friend painting a beggar, who was an old man in rags.Hughie felt so sorry for the poor model that he gave him the only pound he had.The old model was actually a millionaire.When he heard all about Hughie and Laura, and their problem, he had a cheque for ten thousand pounds delivered to him the very next day.The couple were happily married,and the beggar attended their wedding.The story shows that a genuine millionaire is not one who has, but who give.L9 Only Three More Days P139 The author got a solution finally.What was the solution? Was it risky? He laid out the diaries in two big steel suitcases.Over them he palced a number of his broadcast scripts, each page of which had been stamped by the military and civilian censors as passed for broadcast.On top he put a few General Staff maps he had picked up from friends.Then he phoned the Gestapo Headquarters to say he had a couple of suicases full of his dispatches, broadcasts and notes that he wanted to take out of the country.As he was flying off early the next day, there would be no time for Gestapo official at the airfield to go over the contents.Could they take a look now,if he brought them over;and if they approved, put a Gestapo seal on the suitcases so he wouldnt be held up at the airport? Yes,it was risky.He thought life in the Third Reich had always been risky.It was worth a try.L10 The Washwoman P155 Describe the situation that“I”saw the old washwoman for last time.One evening, while Mother was sitting near the oil lamp mending a shirt, the door opened and a small puff of steam, followed by a gigantic bag, entered the room.I ran toward the old woman and helped her unload her bag.She was even thinner now, more bent.Her head shook from side to side as though she were saying no.She could not utter a clear word, but mumbled something with her sunken mouth and pale lips.After the old woman had recovered somewhat, she told us that she had been ill badly.But as soon as she was able to stand on her feet once more, she began her washing.She said “I could not rest easy in my bed because of the wash.The wash would not let me die.……I dont want to be a burden on anyone!”

L11 How I Served My Apprenticeship 170 Why was Andrew Carnegie so pround of the one dollor and twenty cents--the first pay he brought home? Carnegie was very pround of the one dollar and twenty cents he earned for the first time in his life when he was only twelve.The money, though small in amount, meant a great deal.First, when he got his first pay he felt that he had grown up.He was no longer a boy who had to depend on his parents;he had become a man who was able to help support the family, a contributing member.This was important because at that time life was hard for the family and it was difficult for his parents to manage alone.Also he though the money was the direct reward of honest manual labor.It represented a week of very hard work.This money gave him the greatest satisfaction of being rewarded for what he had done.L12 A Friend of the Environment P185 Why did Rachel Carson write the Silent Spring? Whats the content of it? Because she felt that the wonders of Nature are precious and permanent, and much of Nature was forever beyond the destruction of man.But then she discovered she was wrong.She learned with sadness that little in Nature is truly beyond the tampering reach of man.Then, She wrote the book Silent Spring to sound a startling warming to mankind and the book showed quite clearly that man was endangering himself and everything else on this planet by his indiscriminate use of chemical pesticides.As her title suggests, Miss Carson was saying that there might come a springtime that would indeed be silent because the birds, as well as other creatures, and plants would have been destroyed by the man-made poisons used to kill crop-threateding insects.L13 Who Shall Dwell? P201 In the story Who shall Dwell?, how did the fatners attitude towards the neighbours change? What brought about the change? When the bomb alert came, the father was clear that he had built the shelter for his own family, and that he would not let anybody else in.So when his neighbours came and asked to share the shelter he rejected them flatly.When a monther begged him to take her little girl in , he did not know what to do.At that monent his wife dashed outside and pushed the girl in.her act set him thinking hard.Just a moment before the first bomb struck he made a big decision.After giving his elder son a few instructions, he stepped out and shoved two children into the shelter.He stood beside his wife, ready to spend the last minute with her.His change seemed sudden, but was actually quite natural.He loved his children, so he was greatly affected by the monthers plea and gave the chance of surival to the two children.Also his love for his wife led him to follow her example.L14 Cipher in the Snow P218 Describe Cliff Evans life before his sudden death.Cliff Evans lived with his mother, stepfather and five younger half brothers and sisters.His stepfather had never legally adopted him, nor did he show any affection for him.At home Cliff didnt talk much and had never told his family about his problems.When he began school, he was timid but eager to learn.And his IQ was pretty good.Then in the third grade a teacher wrote in the school record that he was uncooperative and slow.Since then he had never got any encouragement from his teachers.Gradually, the child had no more confidence left.He never smiled nor talked much.He had no friends;he had never belonged to a club, never played on a team and never held an office.He came to school by himself and left by himself.In class, he would sit back in the last seat.Finally he became silent and lonely.He became nothing.L15 Bribery--An Inevitable Evil? P232 What are the major forms of bribery? Bribery can be classified into three broad categories.The first category consisits of large amounts of money paid for political purposes or to secre major contracts.For example, a certain American company offered big sums of money to support a U.S.presidential candidate when it was nder investigation.Also in order to get big contracts, such payments are often made to ruling families or their close advisers.The second category covers payments made to obtain quicker official approval of some project.In such cases, the money is often paid to key goverment officials concerned.The third category involves payments made in certain countries to make a business deal easy to get approved.For instance, a foreign company may pay to get permission to import equipment.A common type of this category is the facilitating payment to clear cargoes.These are smaller sums of money paid to customs officials.L16 A Social Event P250 What do you know about Randy and Carle in A Social Even? Why are they anxious to get invited to Scottys funeral? Randy and Carole are a young Hollywood couple.They have been married only a short time.Both have achieved a certain degree of success in pictures, but their careers in the show business are still in the promising stage.Scotty Woodrow, a world-famous movie star has just died, and Randy and Carole are anxious to go to his funeral, which will be a gathering of celebrities and is regarded as a big social event.It is said that flowers have come from the U.S.President and the British Queen.Randy and Carole think it is extremely important for their career to be seen there with a lot of big shots.But they havet got an invitation while some of their Hollywood friends, also young actors and actresses like themselves, have been invited.Thats why they are worried and are trying hard to find ways of getting themselves invited in the last minute book II L1 Illustrate with manners Dr.Peale mentions in his article Courtesy.Dr.Peale lists three things as the basic ingredients of good manners: a stong sense of justice,the abilit to share another persons inner feelings and the capacity to treat all people alike.Once a mam was driving along a long, narrow and dusty road ahead of another car.Suddenly he stopped off the road and told the driver of the car behind to get ahead of him.He did not want the other person to put up with his dust all the way.This is a man with a strong sense of justice.A courteous person can also understand the pain or unhapiness of others.He/She offers help without hurting the feelings of the other person because he/she shares their emotions as if they were his/her own.Finally, a person with good manners treats all people alike,whether they are lain citizens or big shots.He /She never asks whether the other person deserves their good manners.L2 How did Mr.Fotheringay discover his unusual powers and how did he take advantage of them? It was while he was trying to prove the impossibility of miracles that Mr.Fotheringay discovered his extraordinary powers.He was having a drink in a bar.A person called Toddy opposed everything he said.This made him very angry.He wanted to show oddy that the lamp there couldnt burn upside down without breaking no matter how he wished it to do so.But as soon as he said,Turn upside down without breaking,the lamp did as Fotheringay had just said.Back at home he experimented with his magical powers and came to see that he could with things.The next day he began to take advantage of this unusual power.By his will he first got a fresh goose-egg for breakfast.In the same way he got the whole days work done in 10 minutes.He also created a number of useful things and increased his personal property.L3 P47 How did Mr.Fotheringays attitude towards miracles changes? Mr.Fotheringay didnt believe in miracles until he was thirty years old.It was while he was asserting the impossibility of miracles that he discovered his extraordery powers.One day,when he was having a drink in a bar,Toddy Beamish opposed everything he said,so he decided to make an unusual effort.He tried to illustrate what was a miracle by giving a special example,that is ,to make a lamp upside down and go on burning steadily without falling.To his great surprise,what he said came true.Everyone was astonished as it.They all didnt believe it.After going back home,he tried his will power.He scceeded in getting a match and lighting the candle with his will power.He wondered at his will power.Then he tried to get himself a nightsirt,lay and cook a goose-egg,do one days work in ten minutes,make walking stick blossom,and sent the policeman to Hades,then to San Francisco by using his will power.In the end he felt delighted even though he understood that the gift reqired cation and watchfulness.L4 P61 What did Kaz see on that day? When she saw a B-29 bomber approaching,it didnt frighten her,because she thought Hiroshima was the only peaceful city dring the war.Bt,then,Kaz saw the bomb falling awa from the plane and drifting down towards her.The jorney took 43 seconds.A loud explosion reverberated in the air.A mshroon could rose over the remains of the city.Kaz was thrown to the ground s violently that her two front teech broke of.She lost conscousness.When she came to herself,she found ther was a dead silence around,broken only by the cries of the dying.Their house crashed dowm.Her father had the front of his body brnt.When her brother came back ,she could barely recognize him through his wounds.As night fell,she and her brother made for the mountains to look for a friend of Kazs who offered to take them in.There Kaz looked backand saw the city on fire.She left her brother behind and ran down the hillside towards the flames for her parents.The streets were filled with the dead and the barely living.L5 P77 How did the Wades celebrate the Christmas? Several days before Chritmas,theyd gone down to their own little farm.They had cut a tree in their own woods.They had eaten and slept,and read by the light of oil lamps.The children had been more than satisfied with their presents;there had been balls,erector sets, a number of story books,and a lot of jnk from the five-and-ten for the boys,and for Laura,a picture Emily had found cheap in a second-art shop and samll brooch that had belong to Henrys mother.it was Lauras obvios pleasure that had brightened everything.Whether she was chopping wood,or roming with her brothers,or basting the turkey,or talking politics very sensibly with her father,shed seemed to radiate hapiness.On New Years Eve,they had given her a weak highball,the first shed ever had,and she had gone to sleep sitting on the floor with her rosy cheek against Henrys knee.The family all had a very wonderful time!

L6 P94 What is the characteristic of Britains landscape that goes with variety? With variety goes surprise.Ours is the country of happy surprises.You have never to travel long without being pleasantly astonished.It would not be difficult to compile a list of such surprises that would fill the next fifty pages,but I will content myself with suggesting the first few that occur to me.If you go down into the West Contry,among rounded hills and soft pastures,you suddenly arrive at the bleak tablelands as if the North had left a piece of itself down there.But before you have reached them you have already been surprised by the queer bit of marshland,as if a former inhabitant had been sent to Cambridge and had brought his favourite marshland walk back from college with him into the West.L7 P110 In the authors opinion,what does love mean? Love means that I know the person I love.Love means that I care about the welfare of the person I love.Love means having respect for the dignity of the person I love.Love means having a responsibility toward the person I love.Love means growth for both myself and the person I love.Love can tolerate imperfection.Love is freeing.Love is expansive.Love means having want for the person I love without having a need for that person in order to be complete.love means identifying within the person we love.L8 P126 How did philips design an atomic bomb in his junior year at Princeton? Philips read over the book on nuclear-reactor technology,general nclear physics,and current atomic theory.Besides,he listened to Dysons explanations of the basic principles of nuclear physics.That wasnt enough.In order to find more useful information,Phillips went to Washington.D.C.,to search for records of the Los Alamos Project that were declassified between 1954 and 1964.He discovered a copy of the literature which carefully outlined all the details of atomic fissioning known to the worlds most advanced scientists in the early 1940s.The biggest problem involved in the explosion of an atomic bomb was how to arrange the explosives around the plutonium.Another problem he was faced with was which explosive he should use to create a very high density.After finding errors,Philips ran through a series of new calculations,carefully figuring the arrangement of the explosives around the plutnium.If his equations were correct,his atomic bomb would expode effectively as expected.But he should know the exact nature of the explosives he would use.Fortunately,he got the very information about these explosives from Du pont Company.Now,so to speak,he already succeeded in designing an atomic bomb on paper.L9 P143 What do you think are the advantages and goading? I think goading is a good way to prod the children to behave well.In a way ,goading is positive.As human beings,we all have the sense of self--respect and will be proud of our little achievement.If there are occasious prods in the rear,we will in time be conscious of our inefficiency ,and then press ourselves to achieve higher aims.Just as it affected John and his cousin,goading from time to time can prevent children from being proun of their little achievement.It can make them more modest and prudent.The modest receive benifit,while the conceited reap failure.However,we could not say it is without any harm.Sometimes it might be harmful.it may disappoint children and cause them to lose heart.Perhaps they will collapse after one setback.Therefore,only goading itself is not enough;it must be combined with the proper method to carry it out.L10 P158 What is your idea about a true friend? In my view,a true friend should be honest,loyal and willing to help.Honesty in friendship means that we should be sincere anf frank.We should not hsitate to point out our friends shortcomings and should never try to cover uo their errors.What we should do is to encourage and help them to improve.Loyalty is impaortant if we want the relationship to last.We have confidence in one another in fine wether and in rainy days.We dont desert our friends when they run into trouble.Not do we cling to them in their sccess.We share with our friends both joy and sorrow.True friends are the people we can turn to in all circumstances,as the saying goes,“A friend in need is a friend indeed.”They are always ready to lend a helping hand to pull us out of tight corner.I believe in true friendship though truefriends are not easy to find.L11 P174 Was there difference between Baker and Doris?What were their mothers expections of them? Doris was quite different from Baker in character.Take the example of gumption,Baker lacked it but Doris had enough of it for a dozen people.What Baker liked to do most was lying in front of the radio rereading his favourite Big Little Book,Dick Tracy Meets Stooge Viller.In contrast,Doris liked activity.When she was olny seven,she could carry a piece of short-weighted cheese back to the A&P,threaten the manager with legal action and come back triumphantly with the full quarter pound theyd paid for and a new extra thrown in for forgiveness.Mrs.Baker expected her son to make something of himself.She did not expect Doris to do the same only because Doris was a girl.The best a capable girl could hope for was to become a nurse or school teacher.L12 P191 Describe the Bakers family background and their life then.Then Great Depression,the worst time before the World War Two,broke out, which lasted from 1929-1933.The year 1932 was the bleakest time in the Great Depression.The Great Depression began in America and spread all over the Eropean countries quickly.Also ,it was the Great Depressin that led to the Second World War.Millions of people were out of work.Many factories and landlords went bankrupt.The year 1932 was the climax of the Depression.The athors father had died two years before,leaving them with a few pieces of Sears, Roebuck furniture and not much else.His family was poor so that his mother had to take his sister, Doris, and him to live with one of her younger brothers, uncle Allen,who had made something of himself by 1932 as a salesman for a soft-drink bottle and had an income of $30 a week.L13 What are the two dangers to be guarded against in old age? One of these is too great an absorption in the past.One should not live in memories, in regrets for the good old days, or in sadness about friends who are dead.Ones thoughts must be directed to the future, and to things about which there is something to be done.This is not always easy;ones own past is a gradually increasing weight.It is easy to think to oneself that ones emotions used to be more vivid that they are, and ones imnd more keen.If this is true, it should be forgotten, and if it is forgotten it will probably not be true.The other thing to be avoided is clinging to youth in the hope of finding strength in its vitality.When your children are grown uos they want to live their own lives, and if you continue to be as interested in them as you were when they were young, you are likely to become a burden to them, unless they are unusually insensible.L14 P223 What kind of person was the lighthouse keeper? I think the lighthouse keeper was a person that deserves our respect and admiration.Life in the lighthouse seemed very simple and dull, but he had no desire for anything that he did not need or anything that was beyond his power to obtain.For this reason he declined the tobacco Rudolf offered.Though his world was limited, his mind was as spacious as the ocean he lived closed to.He was kind and generous to Rudolf, a stranger who had come to the lighthouse to seek shelter from the storm.He did not know what a violin was and had never heard msic before, but he could understand Beethovens work Rudolf played for him.He was a man of few words, and did not show much warmth towards Rudolf, but deep down he was greatly attached to his guest.To him the violin was part of the man he wanted to know more about, not something he was interested in because he had never seen it before.L15 P238 Why the author mentions that it is impossible to measure the importance of Edison by adding up the specific inventions with which his name is associated? Because he thinks that although many inventions of Edison have been in their effect upon modern civilization, the total effect of Edisons career surpasses the sum of all of them.He did not merely make the lamp and the phonograph and innmerable other devices practicable for general use;it was given to him to demonstrate the power of applied science so concretely, so understandably, so convincingly that he altered the mentality of mankind.In his lifetime,largely because of his successes, there came into widest acceptance the revolutionary conception that man could by the use of his intelligence invent a new mode of living on this planet;the human spirit, which in all previous ages had regarded the confidently,and perhaps somewhat naively, adopted the conviction that anything could be changed and everything could be controlled.L16Why so many parents indulge their children with too many material things? In recent years,our life standard is become better and better.Someone usually said that the children now were more lucky than the children in the past because now their requirements can be well satisfied, especially for material things.Some parents think that they should give their children everything they want because they love htem.And also because some parents have ahd difficult was young, they are glad to fulfil

語法 Grammar & Usage Subject-Verb Agreement(I)1．主謂一致的三條原則 1）語法一致，即在語法形式上取得一致。Human beings enjoy learning.Everybody’s understanding is incomplete.2）意義一致，即根據意義來處理一致關系。The people there are fighting for the independence of their country.The dollars was a lot of money at that time.3)就近原則，即謂語動詞的單、復數形式取決于最靠近它的詞語。There is a pen, two pencils and an eraser in the pencil box.Neither the boy nor his teachers know the answer.2．集體名詞作主語時與動詞的一致 1）當主語為furniture，equipment，machinery等詞時，謂語動詞通常用單數。The furniture in that shop is all made in China.Office equipment is very expensive nowadays.A lot of new machinery has been installed.2）集體名詞如people，cattle，police，poultry，等往往作復數用。Some people drive madly in this country.Many cattle have died because of the fold.The police have been sent there but they have not made any arrests yet.Poultry are plentiful in that mountain region.3)family, government, class, committee, audience , team, public 等詞被視做一個整體時，其后的動詞作單數；被視做為構成整體的個體時，其后的動詞則為復數。His family is a happy one.His family are all interested in stamp-collecting.The Democratic Government is in power now.The government is/are considering further tax cuts.The audience was very quite when he was giving his speech.The audience were shouting and laughing when he came into the hall.Our class is the top class in the grade.The class are busy taking notes.3．并列主語與動詞的一致 1）當“名詞+名詞”表示一種事物時，用單數動詞。Bacon and eggs is a very popular British breakfast.Toast and marmalade(果醬面包)is my favorite breakfast.Fish and chips(炸魚與土豆片)is served every day.2）當主語是由and，both ….and 連接的并列結構時，如果主語所指的不是一種事物，動詞則用復數形式。Jack and Mary are in love with each other.Both Tom and John are absent today.War, famine and drought have claimed thousands of lives in that country.3)在又or或 nor連接的并列結構中，動詞單、復數形式一般與or 或 nor 后邊的名詞或代詞保持一致。He or his brothers are to blame for this.Either you or your friend has to pay the bill.Either his father or his mother comes to see him every day.When couples quarrel,(either)the wife or the husband has to give in.Neither she nor you are mistaken.Neither the manager nor the clerks are college graduates.4)not only … but also 連接的結構做主語時，動詞的單、復數形式依據but also 后的名詞或代詞。Not only Fred but also his parents love this small pet dog.Not only the boys but also their mother is very ell.LESSON 2 Subject-Verb Agreement(II)1.帶確定數量詞的名詞詞組做主語時的主謂一致 1)當主語是表示數目、時間、重量、距離等的復數名詞時，如果該名詞所表示的數量看作一個整體，其后的動詞用單數。Ten seconds of silence appears very awkward on television.A thousand dollars a month is more than I can afford.Four years I too long for me to wait.Sixty miles is a short run in a car.2)當主語是表示數目、時間、重量、距離等的復數名詞時，如該名詞所表示的數量看作單個個體，其后的動詞用復數。The past three weeks were the hardest time in his life.Hundreds of buildings were put up in the city last year.Five kilos of apples are placed into the basket.3)當主語為“分數或百分數+of+名詞”時，其后的動詞形式依照of后名詞的單復數形式來定。Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.Three-fourths of the people do not agree with the president.One-fourth of the region is underdeveloped.Thirty percent of the oil in that country is imported.Ten percent of the eggs have gone bad.Fifty percent of the land in that region has been used to build factories.4)當主語為sheep，fish，deer，aircraft，means，steelworks 等單數與復數同形的詞時，動詞的形式以名詞單、復數意義為準。An American aircraft was brought down by the anti-aircraft fire.Three aircraft are reported missing.Various means have been tried to solve the problem.Two steelworks were built ten years ago.Ten fish have been caught today.One sheep was killed by a wolf.2.all的主謂一致 1)代詞all表示可數的人或物時，其后的動詞用復數形式。All were hungry and desperate for food.All who have seen the film love it.All of them enjoyed themselves at the party.2)代詞all表示不可數的名詞時，其后的動詞用單數.All is going well.All is quite in the middle of the night.All you have to do now is wait.All that glitters is not gold.All of his money is gone.3)形容詞 all+可數名詞時，其后的動詞用復數形式。All roads lead to Rome.All the people taking part in the race were over 60 years old.All things are difficult when we begin to do them.4)形容詞all+不可數名詞時，其后的動詞用單數形式。All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.Not all food is good to eat.

第二篇：英語成人自考英語作文

1)Instructions:建議你在30分鐘內，根據下面所給的題目和提綱用英語寫出一篇不少于80詞的短文。1．你喜歡的工作； 2．你喜歡的理由。The Job I Like(2)Instructions:建議你在30分鐘內，根據下面所給的題目和提綱用英語寫出一篇不少于80詞的短文。

1.你對“興趣是最好的老師”的看法； 2.舉例說明你的觀點。

Interest is the Best Teacher

(3)Instructions:建議你在30分鐘內，根據下面所給的題目和提綱用英語寫出一篇不少于80詞的短文。1.介紹你最喜歡的電視節目； 2.為什么喜歡這個電視節目。My Favorite TV program(4)Instructions:建議你在30分鐘內，根據下面所給的提綱用英語寫出一篇不少于80詞的短信。

你的朋友邀請你參加他/她的生日聚會，告訴對方你不能接受他/她的邀請。你應包括下列內容：

1.告訴對方你不能接受他/她的邀請； 2.感謝對方的邀請；

3.說明無法接受邀請的原因。

(5)Instructions:建議你在30分鐘內，根據下面所給的提綱用英語寫出一篇不少于80詞的短文。

內容提示：假如你叫張琳，你昨天（4月7日）在放學回家的路上發生了交通事故。你從自行車上摔了下來，被好心人及時送到了醫院，醫生叫你臥床休息三天，特此請假（ask for a sick leave）

要求：1.請根據以上內容，向班主任張老師寫一張請假條；

2.以第一人稱寫，不能逐字翻譯；

3.詞數80左右。

(6)Instructions:建議你在30分鐘內，根據下面所給的題目和提綱用英語寫出一篇不少于80詞的短文。1.介紹你的一位中學老師；

2.說明為什么這位老師受學生歡迎。My Teacher in High School(7)Instructions:建議你在30分鐘內，根據下面所給的題目和提綱用英語寫出一篇不少于80詞的短文。How to Keep Healthy 內容需包括以下方面： 1.保持身體健康的重要性； 2.介紹保持身體健康的方法。

(8)Instructions: 建議你在30分鐘內，根據下面所給的題目和提綱用英語寫出一篇不少于80詞的短文。

Should the University Campus be Open to Tourists? 內容提示：

1．校園是否應對游客開放，人們看法不同，說明你的觀點； 2．闡述你的理由。

(9)Instructions:建議你在30分鐘內，根據下面所給的題目和提綱用英語寫出一篇不少于80詞的短文。1.你的主要興趣和愛好； 2.描述一項興趣。My Interests

(1)Instructions:建議你在30分鐘內，根據下面所給的題目和提綱用英語寫出一篇不少于80詞的短文。1.你特別喜歡的運動； 2.你喜歡的理由。My Favorite Sport(2)Instructions:建議你在30分鐘內，根據下面所給的題目和提綱用英語寫出一篇不少于80詞的短文。

1.你在英語學習中遇到什么困難； 2.你如何克服這些困難。

How to Overcome Difficulties in My English Studies?(3)Instructions:建議你在30分鐘內，根據下面所給的題目和提綱用英語寫出一篇不少于80詞的短文。1.介紹家庭主要成員； 2.描述令你難忘的家庭活動。My Family(4)Instructions:建議你在30分鐘內，根據下面所給的題目和提綱用英語寫出一篇不少于80詞的短文。1.自學的優點；

2.自學中遇到的主要困難。Self-study(5)Instructions:建議你在30分鐘內，根據下面所給的題目和提綱用英語寫出一篇不少于80詞的短文。1.從事體育運動有哪些好處； 2.你常做的體育運動。Physical Exercise(6)Instructions:建議你在30分鐘內，根據下面所給的題目和提綱用英語寫出一篇不少于80詞的短文。1.介紹你的父親；

2.描述一件父親做過的事情和你對此的感受。My Father(7)Instructions:建議你在30分鐘內，根據下面所給的題目和提綱用英語寫出一篇不少于80詞的短文。

My View of the Country Life and Town Life 內容需包括以下方面：

1.有一種觀點認為：城市生活比鄉村生活好； 2.你對這種觀點的看法； 3.你的結論。

(8)Instructions:建議你在30分鐘內，根據下面所給的題目和提綱用英語寫出一篇不少于80詞的短文。Health and Eating Habits 1.健康和飲食習慣的關系； 2.你的看法以及理由。

(9)Instructions:建議你在30分鐘內，根據下面所給的題目和提綱用英語寫出一篇不少于80詞的短文。Money is Not Everything 1.你對“金錢不是一切”的看法； 2.舉例說明你的看法。

第三篇：自考英語學習心得

付出總有收獲

因為家境貧寒，盡管我成績很好，但還是選擇上了一所省城的中專。畢業后，為了圓自己的大學夢，我走進了沒有圍墻的大學，開始了我的自考之路。

因為英語基礎較好，加上對英語有著濃厚的興趣，我選擇了英語專業。周圍的同事有的熱衷于漂亮的衣服、發型，有的流連在琳瑯滿目的化妝品中，而我則節衣縮食，將節省下來的錢用來買書，買英語磁帶，刻苦學習。也有人曾潑冷水說，又不出國學了也沒用，有好幾個認識的人學英語，中途都放棄了，太難了。可是我并沒有被嚇倒，相反我更是不屈不撓的堅持了下來，我想英語是一門國際型語言，一扇窗口，它向我們展示的將是一片廣闊的天地，一派新奇的景象，學好它是大有益處的。記得那是很冷的冬天，我提前幾天就去熟悉了一下考點位置，可臨考前晚卻下了厚厚的一場大雪，第二天我早早就起了床，周末的街道冷冷清清，我幾經輾轉，又冒著凜冽的寒風在雪地里步行了半個多小時后，終于來到了考點，那次缺考的同學很多，我不禁在心里為自己豎起了大拇指。焦急的一個多月后，我迫不及待的查詢分數，52分，我的心一下子跌到了谷底，委屈的淚水奪眶而出，考試的嚴格，讀書的枯燥，學習的疲憊，心里的壓力，別人異樣的眼光，孤軍奮戰的無助，猶如自考路上的“攔路虎”，一瞬間象潮水般涌向我。痛定思痛之后，我反省自責，分析原因找不足，我在心里暗暗下定決心，下次一定要考過，這次的失敗讓我越挫越勇，重新整裝待發。我狠下功夫，每天堅持背記單詞，增加閱讀量，聽錄音磁帶，查詢各種學習資料，彌補自己的不足，在實踐中積累學習英語的經驗和方法，終于在下一次的考試中通過了這門。我在心里對自己說：再苦再累,不要放棄.有付出必有收獲!寒來暑往，朝朝暮暮，時光荏苒。當年青春年少的我，如今已嫁作他人婦，但是唯一沒有改變的是我從未想放棄過我的自考，自考已成為我生活中不可缺少的部分。工作的辛苦，持家的勞碌，讀書的枯燥，臨考復習時的緊張和彷徨，考試時的緊張、興奮與刺激，上網查詢分數時的忐忑與不安，屢次失敗的悔恨，一次通過僅剩下兩門課程的狂喜……一幕幕在我的腦海里回放。記得那時候孩子很小，又很吵鬧，家里有很多的事情要做，因此家人之間也難免會產生矛盾。一天的忙碌過后下班回到家里，我還得操勞家務，還得哄小孩，只能一個人在靜靜的夜晚，挑燈夜戰，第二天又拖著疲憊的身軀趕去上班。有時候沒有考過，自己覺得很無奈，特別是差幾分而沒有通過好懊悔，家人卻還嘮叨，得不到理解和支持，得不到精神上的安慰和鼓勵，當時的我內心好無助，只因我內心里有一個信念，我一定要圓我的大學夢，我堅持了下來。

自考的道路是坎坷的，但也是充實的，忙碌的，苦中有甜，我付出了許多，也收獲了許多……

如果學習成了一種自覺的活動，就會感到學習并非一件苦差事。自考是我永遠忠誠的朋友，給我生機活力，給我奮進的勇氣和決心。自考啟迪靈魂，開發智慧，拓展才華，提高品位——它給了我太多太多的饋贈。當我取得一個個工作成績，當領導對我的素質和能力表示贊賞，當同事投來羨慕的目光，所有的付出都得到了回報，多年的努力都覺得很值得。在英語學習方面，我也積累了自己的一套方法和經驗。英語學習并非難事，關鍵在于要用心去學，首先，要舍得投入精力和時間，要有恒心，一般說來，付出總與收獲成正比，持之以恒，英語水平就有了相應的提高。其次通過有意識的大量閱讀、一方面擴大了詞匯量，另一方面培養了語感。而這兩方面我認為是掌握一種語言的兩大支柱。而語言就是這樣，是相互促進的，語感好，在練習聽力及口語時都會感覺到你以前在閱讀中學到的有多重要。讀的東西多了，詞匯量足夠大，語感足夠強，在聽方面，聽英語磁帶再結合聽廣播，這樣精聽和泛聽結合，進步也很快，其他的技能，只要勤加練習，也就自然而然的提高了。而且我把自己的這些經驗和孩子溝通交流，和孩子一起共同學習，在英語的道路上共同進步，受益匪淺，現在正在上初中的孩子的英語成績一直都名列前茅；自考也開闊了我的眼界，現代化的語音室，以及古樸典雅，巍峨壯觀的武大校園……讓我感受到了撲面而來的有著悠久歷史和深厚人文底蘊的重點大學的人文氣息。更重要的是自考磨練了我的意志。自考是鐵面無私、殘酷無情的，但也是公正的。成功的殿堂只對勇于挑戰自我、努力拼搏進取的人開放。自考之路不可能是一路坦途，沿途一定會有坎坷，有泥濘，有別人的誤解的目光。只有堅定不移，不改初衷，跋山涉水，日夜兼程，才能峰回路轉，豁然開朗，領略到無限風光。寧靜和堅韌可以致遠，浮躁和投機取巧必將半途而廢。可以說自考是考一個人的意志和勤奮。在自考中提升自己的各種能力，綜合素質的提高才真正激勵我們攀登職業高峰。

經歷這番風雨的洗禮，我的一顆心將會被磨練得圓潤平和，更加懂得珍惜生活和笑看人生。我知道現在的自考文憑改變不了我什么,畢竟年齡偏大了,但我的付出,我的知識的收獲,我的大學夢想的實現,我覺得沒有白費.它將激勵我繼續學習, 充實自己......我覺得自考的目的不在文憑,關鍵在于多學點實用知識,多充實自己,對我而言,自考文憑已不再重要。感謝自考，讓我學會堅持；感謝自考，讓我知道所有的付出終能得到回報！

第四篇：自考英語教學法

全國2004年10月高等教育自學考試

外語教學法試題

課程代碼：00833

Ⅰ.Multiple Choice(15%)

Directions: In this section, you are given 15 questions beneath each of which are four choices

marked A, B, C, and D.You are to make the best choice either to complete the incomplete statement or to answer the question.One point is given to each correct choice..A.1950’sB.1960’sC.1970’s

2.Georgi Lozano was the founder of.A.The Silent Way

C.The Total Physical ResponseD.1980’sB.Suggestopaedia D.Community Language Learning

3.The functional linguistics develops directly from

A.the transformational generative grammar

B.the habit-formation theory

C.the American School of Linguistics

D.the London School of Linguistics

4.Traditional linguists believe that the written form of language is to the spoken form.A.seniorB.juniorC.inferiorD.superior

5.Who applied the theory of conditioning to the way humans acquire language in a book entitled “Verbal Behavior”?

A.SkinnerB.BrunerC.BloomfieldD.Piaget

6.Language meaning depends to a large extent on in which speech acts occurred.A.linguisticB.grammaticalC.culturalD.sociocultural

7.The Oral Approach believes in a theory of learning that is based on a type of.A.behaviouristB.cognitiveC.discoveryD.hypothesis-testing

8.As an inter-disciplinary science, FLTM makes use of of different subjects.A.theoriesB.rulesC.methodsD.languages

9.In Palmer and Hornby’s view, the organization of the grammatical content of a language course should be based on the principle of.A.cognitionB.automaticityC.deductionD.gradation

10.Which of the following became a key feature of the Oral Approach in the 1960’s?

A.Priority of spoken language.B.Classroom instruction in the target language.C.Situational presentation and practice.D.Vocabulary selection.浙00833# 外語教學法試題

A.teacher-orientedB.learner-oriented

C.text-orientedD.activity-oriented

to the organization of language to be taught.A.a discovery methodB.a cognitive approach

C.direct and indirect methodD.a structural approach

13.The most obvious characteristic of the Communicative Approach is that almost everything is

done with a communicative.A.situationB.settingC.informationD.intent

14.All of the following principles reflect the influence of structural linguistics and behaviourist psychology in language teaching except that.A.language is speech, not writing

B.a language is what its native speakers say, not what someone thinks they ought to say

C.languages are different

D.competence comes before performance

15.What are the five factors which are considered crucial components in foreign language

teaching in the ASSRF Method?

A.Attention, security, structure, retention and function.B.Approach, situation, skill, reading and formation.C.Affective factors, situation, structure, rule and function.D.Attention, summarizing, situation, reflection and form.Ⅱ.Filling Blanks:(20%)

Directions: In this section there are 15 statements with 20 blanks.You are to fill each blank with

ONE appropriate word.One point is given to each blank.linguistics.17.According to the advocates of the Direct Method, the verbal expression of an event is18.The cognitive theory of learning as put forward by Ausubel is perhaps best understood by

contrastinglearning and meaningful learning.th19.Towards the end of the 19 century, the language teaching innovation turned into the

20.Chomsky made a difference between the grammatical knowledge and the sentences it

produced.He called the knowledge of grammar rules “

21.The book The Natural Approach: Language Acquisition in the Classroom states the

and of the Natural Approach.22.In the view of Grammar-Translation Method, the first language is maintained as thein the acquisition of the target language.by listening and speaking activities in the Direct Method, that is, by encouraging learners to induce rules by active use of language.浙00833# 外語教學法試題

(taking particular instances and using them to devise a general case)with the minimum of instruction, and errorful.25.According to the psychological principles of the German scholar F.Franke, a direct association between forms and in the target language should be established.26.In Grammar-Translation Method, grammar is the mainin foreign language

classrooms.27.Piaget saw cognitive development as essentially a process of, within which

genetics and experience interact.28.In the opinion of Krashen and Terrell,is the primary function of language.29.In the acquisition-learning hypothesis, it is said that speakers are concerned with not the

but theof language.Psychology.Ⅲ.Matching:(15%)

Directions: This section consists of three groups of pairs listed in two columns, A and B.You are

to match the one marked ①, ②, ③, ④, or ⑤ in Column A with the one marked a,b, c, d, or e in Column B.One point is given to each correct pair you match.31.A: techniques used in

B: the purposea.to present new items or to understand the passage b.to apply the new items c.to check the understanding of the reading passage

d.to introduce new words and grammar rules

e.to apply the grammar rules to examples and to

understand the reading passage

B: the purpose

a.to encourage the students to listen to each other

carefully

b.to check the pronunciation

c.to familiarize the students with the pronunciation

and the pattern

d.to introduce the new model

e.to obtain students’ attention

B: the purpose

a.Wang Cairen Grammar-Translation Method: ① reading② analysis and comparison ③ translation④ reading comprehension questions⑤ written work32.A: procedures/techniques usedin the Oral Approach: ① individual imitation② building up a new model ③ listening practice④ choral imitation⑤ correction by the students themselves 33.A: techniques used in the CognitiveApproach: ① the ASSRF method

浙00833# 外語教學法試題

② dual activity method

③ global method

④ leveled method

⑤ Zhang Sizhong methodb.Zhang Sizhong c.Zhang Jianzhong d.Liu Zhaoyi e.Hao Youming

Ⅳ.Questions for Brief Answers:(30%)

Directions: This section has six questions.You are to briefly answer them.Five points are given to

each question.34.What are the roles of the teacher in the Communicative Approach?

35.According to the cognitive theory, what are two processes that second language acquisition

involves?

36.What are the disadvantages of the Natural Approach?

37.What language skills are emphasized by the Direct Method? Why?

38.Why was speech given a priority in audiolingual classroom practice?

39.What sort of linguistics is the Grammar-Translation Method based on?

Ⅴ.Questions for Long Answers:(20%)

Directions: The two questions in this section are to be answered on the basis of your own teaching

experience as well as the theoretical knowledge you’ve learned.Ten points are given

to each question.40.What theories of language are used by the Communicative Approach as its theoretical basis?

41.Do you think the Direct Method can be used in the second language classrooms today? Why or why not?

浙00833# 外語教學法試題

第五篇：自考英語經驗

自考英語經驗：計劃大于一切

2011-10-18 10:36 網絡 【大 中 小】【我要糾錯】

我的英語自考自學方法歸納起來有四點：

一是盡早計劃，二是見縫插針，三是及時復習，四是一鼓作氣。

作為一名已經參加工作的自學考生，這種學習方法也是我在不斷地總結，不斷地調整的基礎上形成的，不會適合每個人，僅此作為一點建議。

在學習過程中，我發現有的課程由于自己沒有安排好具體的計劃，胸無成竹，或是由于生活瑣事或是工作任務的原因，有時會虎頭蛇尾，開始時對自己說要如何如何努力，要如何有效率的讀書，最后卻是草草收場。靜下心來，細細想想才發現自學英語是一個需要韌性和耐力遠遠大于激情和速度改正了浮躁的毛病，我開始在每次考試結束后，就開始準備制訂下

一次考試的計劃。

在了解大致的章節篇數之后，我會訂出要在何時結束課程學習，何時開始復習，何時開始做題。這是一個總打算。除此之外，我還要制訂出更詳細更具體的計劃，具體到一個章節需要多長時間，一天要看多少內容，各門課程在一個月之內如何安排，在一星期之內、一天之內如何安排，總之，盡量詳細，盡量具體，把學習進度可行化，當然，一定要留有空隙，給一些自己估計不到的事留出時間，最后，要按照計劃切實執行，認真對待，這樣既能做到

心中有數，步步為營，也不致于耽誤工作或被一些瑣事擾亂了全局。

為了使工作學習互不影響，也為了不讓計劃之外的事情影響學習，我總是見縫插針，抓住一切有限時間學習。有時我會拿不到學習時間為借口偷懶，然而正想集中精神讀書時卻因為恰恰此時有事而不得不放下書本。所以盡可能提早完成任務而不是不得不拖后，不要等計劃的時間，要在事情沒到之前就已經完成了計劃。還有就是要做學習卡片以便隨身攜帶，能夠充分利用零碎時間。這是許多人都建議采納的一種學習方法，我試著把前一天所記的內容

都記在卡片上第二天在坐車、等車時看看能及時強化記憶。

做學習卡片是一種及時復習的好方法，除此外，每天晚上最好要做一個一天學習的總結，明確自己什么已經記住了，什么還需要第二輪復習，等等。如果沒有時間，也要在腦子里把一天所學的知識進行回憶，使每道題從頭到尾都有一個很連貫的思路，沒有記住的一定要記下來，以便再次鞏固。而以前的總結也要隨時翻看，這樣做看似比較費時，其實為以后的總

復習打下了一個很好的基礎。

訂計劃容易，做起來難。一旦決定照此下去，一定要堅持不懈，一鼓作氣，而一旦形成習慣，感覺不會太艱難了。每天早晨6點起床看書是我堅持了10多天而得的習慣，剛剛習慣成自然，可偏偏趕上了過年，幾天的吃住在外使得我不得不重新再來。一鼓作氣，再而衰，三而竭。讓我們共勉。