第一篇：中西方葬禮文化差異

Funeral Cultural Differences between East and West

With the rapidly challenging world, people through the world have found it increasingly necessary to minimize the rate of misunderstanding due miscommunication in their contacts with another.Everything is relative, cultural difference being no exception.Culture, as the total pattern of human behavior and its products, oversteps geographical limits and historical conditions in many ways, and it is characterized by its strong penetrativeness and fusibility.The advancement of the globalized economy and the rapidity and ease of modern communication, transportation, and mass media have resulted in an ever increasing exchange between cultures, unprecedented

in

scale，scope，and

speed.Consequently, an increase in universality and a reduction in difference between cultures is an inevitable trend.It is no surprise to see phenomena characteristic of one culture existing in another.As a result, some people even fear that the world will become a dull place when all the different nationalities behave exactly alike.Nevertheless, the “cultural sediment” formed through long-range accumulation is not to be easily removed, and the cultural tradition handed down from generation to generation shows great consistency and continuity.The cultures of different regions and nations still have their own distinctive peculiarities, and therefore significance still needs to be attached to the study of the individualities of different cultures against the background of their universality.I will talk about the funeral cultural difference between Chinese and western.If life is a trip, funeral is the end of the long journey.Death for people who believe in reincarnation does not mean the end of life, but the conversion of life.In other world.Funeral is to put the soul of the deceased to the underworld.The funeral ceremony refers to the etiquette of living deal with the deceased, and it is considered the last step of one’s whole life.When original human-being was in the world, they had a problem how to deal with the bodies.This is the beginning of funeral.Archeologists proved that the earliest original funeral appeared in China about 20,000 years ago.We can say the funeral is the oldest ceremony in human history.People‘s life is limited.Funeral ceremony symbolizes the end of human’s life journey in the world.The activities we carry out around the deceased show many aspects of the real world.These activities have a lot of very close connections with people’s religion believes, ethical notions, national consciousness, customs, even the scheme of society scheme directly or indirectly.Different cultural backgrounds and religions cause the different funeral customs.China and the English speaking countries all have log stories.It’s very difficult to show their funeral customs comprehensively and exactly.In this thesis, the author will introduce the different funeral ceremonies customs, and then search the root of these differences by comparing their different customs.To Chinese people, death means the emancipation from earthliness.If people die in the house peacefully, when he/she is extremely old, we call his/her funeral ‘white occasion’.As a very admirable way of death that one’s life ends at home without pain and disease is people’s long-cherished wish of lifetime and it’s also the glory of the family.Funeral preparation is ready shroud, coffin and for the dead.In China it’s very important and formal.There is a lot of custom taboos in this step.T he shroud is generally made from cotton.Nobody will like his/her shroud made by fur or silk, because Chinese believe that furs can make people into animals in the other life.Silk is not used to make shroud for it’s Chinese pronunciation ‘duan’ which means bad for the death’s children.The coffin is divided into different grades according to the hardness of the timber, the harder the better.A prerequisite for the implementation of the funeral, obviously, we must determine the person is dead.In China, people will cotton on the person’s nostrils to test whether or not people die.I t is named a fine cotton in The Book of Rites.A fine cotton is much accurate than directly testing by hand and show respect for the deceased.If relatives were sure the person had been dead, everyone started crying.Crying means starting the funeral ceremony.In some place of China, especially in rural, people always open the roof tiles to wish the death go heaven.At the central plains region, it is bathed in his deathbed.Then put shroud on for him before he death.Medium civil funeral have “停靈”customs ,continued for three days, five days or seven days, it shows relatives look forward to the resurrection of the deceased, set aside enough time to the escape soul can return to when there is physical dependence.Western funeral rituals and customs are essentially religious funeral

rites.Western

people

advocate “individual-based” and “individual-centered”, so people focus on resettlement of the deceased “soul” at the funeral.Father of repentance to him.This is also o hospice, so that the dying people will get correct view of the death of the deceased, and get out of the fear of death.At death, under the auspices of Father give the deceased corpse washing, dressing, religious meaning of his sins are washed away, clean see God after the priest want to pray.Chinese cemeteries are generally located on hillsides since this is thought to improve Fengshui(geomantic omen).The higher a grave is located, the better.At the graveside, when the coffin is taken down from the hearse and lowered into the ground, all present must turn away.Family members and other relatives throw a handful of earth into the grave before it is frilled.After the funeral, all of clothes worn by the mourners are burned to avoid had luck associated with death.After the coffin is buried, the keeper of the cemetery will also offer prayers to the deceased.Family members and relatives are presented with a red packed(A sign of gratitude from the deceased’s family, and the money in it must be spent).A white towel is also a sign of gratitude although it is also used by funeral guests to wipe away perspiration.The eldest son of the deceased will retrieve some earth from the grave to put into an incense holder, and the deceased will be worshipped by the family at home using an ancestral tablet.Western funeral is religious funeral.The customs of western countries’ are influenced by their religions.Western funerals mainly pray for the deceased, wish souls ascend to heaven as soon as possible.Christians thought people should give the deceased’ soul need to be quiet after death ,so western funeral customs are simple and enmity.Confucian established the Chinese traditional funeral rites.I n traditional Chinese culture, the soul is immortal;it’s attached the gods, worshiped in the Temple.Later, the introduction of Buddhism, bring the “six reincarnation, reincarnation Health care “and other concepts.At the same time, the Chinese local religion Taoism put forward the concept of Hell.Chinese people mixed these different believe together, and formed Chinese funeral customs-the Confucian tradition as the main body, the convergence of Buddhism and Taoism’s funeral rites.Today ,the globalization gives us much more chances to get in touch with foreigners than ever before.When people different areas communicate with each other, their different cultural backgrounds may cause misunderstanding.As two oldest cultures, Chinese and Western culture both have their own cultural characteristics.Though their boundaries have been not so clear after many years mingling, people need to know the others’ national characteristics still, especially when take part in foreigner’s funeral ceremony.As the last step of human’s life journey, funeral ceremony has its different status and meanings in each areas.We search these differences through searching the different customs of funeral ceremonies.By comparing these differences and their roots, people can understand the senses of worth and the cultural backgrounds of people in different countries.It will help us to avoid misunderstanding in crossing-cultural communication.

第二篇：中西方葬禮文化差異

Funeral Cultural Differences between East and West

I will talk about the funeral cultural difference between Chinese and western.If life is a trip, funeral is the end of the long journey.Death for people who believe in reincarnation does not mean the end of life, but the conversion of life.In other world.Funeral is to put the soul of the deceased to the underworld.The funeral ceremony refers to the etiquette of living deal with the deceased, and it is considered the last step of one’s whole life.To Chinese people, death means the emancipation from earthliness.If people die in the house peacefully, when he/she is extremely old, we call his/her funeral ‘white occasion’.As a very admirable way of death that one’s life ends at home without pain and disease is people’s long-cherished wish of lifetime and it’s also the glory of the family.Funeral preparation is ready shroud, coffin and for the dead.In China it’s very important and formal.There is a lot of custom taboos in this step.T he shroud is generally made from cotton.Nobody will like his/her shroud made by fur or silk, because Chinese believe that furs can make people into animals in the other life.Silk is not used to make shroud for it’s Chinese pronunciation ‘duan’ which means bad for the death’s children.The coffin is divided into different grades according to the hardness of the timber, the harder the better.A prerequisite for the implementation of the funeral, obviously, we must determine the person is dead.In China, people will cotton on the person’s nostrils to test whether or not people die.I t is named a fine cotton in The Book of Rites.A fine cotton is much accurate than directly testing by hand and show respect for the deceased.If relatives were sure the person had been dead, everyone started crying.Crying means starting the funeral ceremony.In some place of China, especially in rural, people always open the roof tiles to wish the death go heaven.At the central plains region, it is bathed in his deathbed.Then put shroud on for him before he death.Medium civil funeral have “停靈”customs ,continued for three days, five days or seven days, it shows relatives look forward to the resurrection of the deceased, set aside enough time to the escape soul can return to when there is physical dependence.Western funeral rituals and customs are essentially religious funeral

rites.Western

people

advocate “individual-based” and “individual-centered”, so people focus on resettlement of the deceased “soul” at the funeral.Father of repentance to him.This is also o hospice, so that the dying people will get correct view of the death of the deceased, and get out of the fear of death.At death, under the auspices of Father give the deceased corpse washing, dressing, religious meaning of his sins are washed away, clean see God after the priest want to pray.Chinese cemeteries are generally located on hillsides since this is thought to improve Fengshui(geomantic omen).The higher a grave is located, the better.At the graveside, when the coffin is taken down from the hearse and lowered into the ground, all present must turn away.Family members and other relatives throw a handful of earth into the grave before it is frilled.After the funeral, all of clothes worn by the mourners are burned to avoid had luck associated with death.After the coffin is buried, the keeper of the cemetery will also offer prayers to the deceased.Family members and relatives are presented with a red packed(A sign of gratitude from the deceased’s family, and the money in it must be spent).A white towel is also a sign of gratitude although it is also used by funeral guests to wipe away perspiration.The eldest son of the deceased will retrieve some earth from the grave to put into an incense holder, and the deceased will be worshipped by the family at home using an ancestral tablet.Western funeral is religious funeral.The customs of western countries’ are influenced by their religions.Western funerals mainly pray for the deceased, wish souls ascend to heaven as soon as possible.Christians thought people should give the deceased’ soul need to be quiet after death ,so western funeral customs are simple and enmity.Confucian established the Chinese traditional funeral rites.I n traditional Chinese culture, the soul is immortal;it’s attached the gods, worshiped in the Temple.Later, the introduction of Buddhism, bring the “six reincarnation, reincarnation Health care “and other concepts.At the same time, the Chinese local religion Taoism put forward the concept of Hell.Chinese people mixed these different believe together, and formed Chinese funeral customs-the Confucian tradition as the main body, the convergence of Buddhism and Taoism’s funeral rites.

第三篇：中西方文化差異

東西方傳統(tǒng)文化的美與丑

摘要：隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的到來(lái)，中西方文化的交流與碰撞日益頻繁。在各種中西方跨文化交際的過(guò)程中，文化沖突的事例屢見(jiàn)不鮮。因此，我們有必要找出其中深層次的原因，客觀的認(rèn)識(shí)并分析中西文化差異，這些對(duì)我們提高跨文化交際能力具有重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義，同時(shí)，身為建筑學(xué)專(zhuān)業(yè)一名大三的學(xué)生，徹底剖析清楚中西方文化的差異，對(duì)今后的學(xué)習(xí)生活，課程設(shè)計(jì)有著舉足輕重的意義。

關(guān)鍵字：中西方文化差異

碰撞交流

價(jià)值觀

審美觀

語(yǔ)言文化

建筑

繪畫(huà)雕塑

飲食文化

俗話說(shuō)，一方水土養(yǎng)一方人，世界上沒(méi)有哪個(gè)民族是優(yōu)勢(shì)民族，也沒(méi)有哪一種方化是劣等文化。中西方文化之所以能傳承至今天仍然保持其鮮活的生命力，生生不息，歷久彌新，必然有其存在的價(jià)值與獨(dú)特性。因此，我們不能片面的斷定哪一種文化是好的，哪一種文化是差的，這種行為是武斷的。然而，對(duì)于中西方文化美與丑的認(rèn)識(shí)，每個(gè)人有每個(gè)人不同的看法，所謂一千個(gè)讀者就有一千個(gè)哈姆雷特，每一種認(rèn)識(shí)和見(jiàn)解都代表著個(gè)人的審美情趣。

璀璨的中國(guó)文化

燦爛的西方文化

既讓要說(shuō)中西方文化的美與丑。首先來(lái)說(shuō)一下生活中人們對(duì)“美”與“丑”的評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。人們對(duì)美丑的認(rèn)識(shí)與職業(yè)，經(jīng)歷，文化素養(yǎng)，價(jià)值觀等諸多方面有關(guān)，一個(gè)人隨人生閱歷的增長(zhǎng)，對(duì)美丑的認(rèn)識(shí)也會(huì)發(fā)生變化。總結(jié)一下，美與丑的關(guān)系包括以下幾點(diǎn)：

1、美與丑相對(duì)的，缺少了任何一個(gè)就沒(méi)有了比較。

2、美與丑是個(gè)人的審美，并不是所有人的審美。最簡(jiǎn)單的例子就是我覺(jué)得那些韓劇真心一點(diǎn)也沒(méi)意思，金秀賢，李敏鎬一點(diǎn)也不帥，而大多數(shù)女生覺(jué)得他們很帥。

3、美與丑并不矛盾。因?yàn)槊琅c丑有很多種，一個(gè)個(gè)體上既可以存在美，也可以存在丑。例如一個(gè)人外表丑而心靈美。

4、美與丑有區(qū)別：因?yàn)橛袇^(qū)別，我們才能夠分辨什么是丑、什么是美，從而有了美、丑這兩個(gè)詞。.沒(méi)有美何以見(jiàn)丑,沒(méi)有丑豈能顯美.這個(gè)哲學(xué)問(wèn)題太寬泛了,我在這里就不展開(kāi)論述了!

知道了美與丑的評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，那么現(xiàn)在就來(lái)談?wù)勎覍?duì)東西方傳統(tǒng)文化差異性的認(rèn)識(shí)和其間美與丑的個(gè)人看法，可能有些見(jiàn)解比較偏面，還請(qǐng)大家見(jiàn)諒。文化是指一個(gè)社會(huì)所具有的民族知識(shí)、經(jīng)驗(yàn)、價(jià)值、信仰、習(xí)慣、制度、宗教、等級(jí)和時(shí)空觀念的總合，指一個(gè)社會(huì)、一個(gè)民族的整個(gè)生活方式。中西方文明在各自的發(fā)展歷程中，由于自然環(huán)境、歷史條件、地理位置和社會(huì)現(xiàn)實(shí)的不同，形成具有本民族特色的文化，深深印上民族精神的烙印，是民族靈魂最生動(dòng)的寫(xiě)照。雖然全球經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化和網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)的飛速發(fā)展使不同文化愈來(lái)愈呈現(xiàn)“文化全球化”的趨勢(shì)，然而千年的文化積淀非一朝一夕所能改變，中西文化的博大精深和文化傳統(tǒng)強(qiáng)勁的連續(xù)性決定了二者間在各個(gè)維度上的差異都仍然是巨大的。下面我就從從語(yǔ)言文字、建筑、繪畫(huà)雕塑、飲食等方面具體進(jìn)行論述。

1、語(yǔ)言文字方面

語(yǔ)言是文化的一部分，是傳承文化的重要載體。以漢語(yǔ)和現(xiàn)在國(guó)際社會(huì)比較流行的英語(yǔ)為例，中國(guó)人的思考速度比美國(guó)人的思考速度快。因?yàn)椋袊?guó)人的“聲音的種類(lèi)”比美國(guó)多。曾有人比較過(guò)，用英語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)背誦乘法口訣的速度：漢語(yǔ)用了30秒，英語(yǔ)用了45秒。因此，兩人同時(shí)背誦乘法口訣。30秒的時(shí)候，漢語(yǔ)使用者一定想到了九九八十一，而英語(yǔ)使用者肯定想到不了這里，可能也就是七七四十九。這就說(shuō)明了：聲音種類(lèi)多的語(yǔ)言的使用者比聲音種類(lèi)少的語(yǔ)言的使用者思考速度快。普通話的聲音種類(lèi)多于英語(yǔ)，所以，中國(guó)人的思考速度比美國(guó)人快。現(xiàn)在，英語(yǔ)單詞的數(shù)量，已經(jīng)超過(guò)百萬(wàn)了。驚人而可怕，普通人一輩子也記不完的。而這些單詞都可以用四千個(gè)漢字表達(dá)。真慶幸，我們生在中國(guó)而不是美國(guó)。而且，漢語(yǔ)采用象形會(huì)意的文字符號(hào)，盡管由于經(jīng)歷歷史演變而與詞義的直觀聯(lián)系變得模糊了，但仍然留下文字理?yè)?jù)性的痕跡。每一個(gè)文字背后都隱藏著一段動(dòng)人的故事。而且，由于漢語(yǔ)獨(dú)特的魅力還演變出各種文化，如書(shū)法，篆刻，剪紙，服飾等，剪紙藝術(shù)

刺繡藝術(shù)

篆刻藝術(shù)

服飾藝術(shù) 內(nèi)容非常博大精深，因此，就語(yǔ)言文字來(lái)說(shuō)，漢語(yǔ)相對(duì)英語(yǔ)來(lái)講具有相當(dāng)?shù)膬?yōu)勢(shì)，真心佩服我們先祖無(wú)與倫比的聰明才智。

2、建筑方面

作為一名建筑學(xué)的學(xué)生，我們已經(jīng)在過(guò)去的兩年多的時(shí)間里詳細(xì)學(xué)習(xí)了《中國(guó)建筑史》和《外國(guó)建筑史》，我想我們對(duì)中西方建筑的總體特征了解的還是比較多的。從根本上說(shuō)，中西方建筑藝術(shù)的差異首先來(lái)自于材料的不同：傳統(tǒng)的西方建筑長(zhǎng)期以石頭為主體；而傳統(tǒng)的東方建筑則一直是以木頭為構(gòu)架的。這種建筑材料的不同，為其各自的建筑藝

西方帕提農(nóng)圣廟

中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)建筑

術(shù)提供了不同的可能性。西方由于崇尚力量，建筑總體上都建的雄壯有力，而中國(guó)比較注重靈活美觀，所以建筑比較輕巧，相比西方比較笨重的形體，我認(rèn)為中國(guó)建筑優(yōu)美的線條，精美的做工更勝一籌。

在造園藝術(shù)上，西方古典園林表現(xiàn)為一種人工的創(chuàng)造。園林中所有的景 物,無(wú)論是建筑物還是山水樹(shù)木都有人工穿鑿的明顯印記, 其樓閣亭臺(tái)排列整齊, 花木修剪成形, 水源理成噴泉，一切都很規(guī)整。比較有代表的是法國(guó)的凡爾賽宮園林。造園手法以幾何直線為主，它與中國(guó)古典的皇家園林有著截然不同的風(fēng)格。它完全是人工雕琢的，極其講究對(duì)稱(chēng)和幾何圖形化。

凡爾賽宮庭院示意圖

中國(guó)古典園林風(fēng)格是崇尚自然, 在造園的過(guò)程中”自然”一直是中國(guó)園林進(jìn) 行藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作的最高原則和審美標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。中國(guó)古

典園林把建筑、山水、植物有機(jī)地融為一體, 在有限的空間范圍內(nèi)利用自然條件, 模擬大自然中的美景, 力求再現(xiàn)大自然中各種事物、景物的造型和氣勢(shì)。中國(guó)古典園林無(wú)論是北方御園還是江南私園都很強(qiáng)調(diào)順應(yīng)自然，巧妙設(shè)置的山水樹(shù)木、亭臺(tái)樓閣, 顯現(xiàn)出濃郁的自然韻味。所以就造園手法來(lái)說(shuō)，隨讓各有優(yōu)點(diǎn)，我還是欣賞中國(guó)融自然與山水的造園手法

3、繪畫(huà)雕塑方面

要談中西方繪畫(huà)中美學(xué)的差異，必須要從它們的根源說(shuō)起。中國(guó)繪畫(huà)脫胎于工藝裝飾藝術(shù),古代中國(guó)繪畫(huà)三大體系中的院體畫(huà)、文人畫(huà)、民間畫(huà)都不同程度地傳承了裝飾藝術(shù)的典型特質(zhì)，即平面性與裝飾性的審美趣味，畫(huà)者將表現(xiàn)對(duì)象依照自己的理解進(jìn)行美化加工，而非追求寫(xiě)實(shí)的準(zhǔn)確性。而西方繪畫(huà)則溯源于古希臘藝術(shù)，古希臘人善于捕捉微妙的比例關(guān)系，精于數(shù)學(xué)與哲學(xué)，力求明白準(zhǔn)確，追求心靈健康與肉體完美。他們的藝術(shù)也力求逼真、寫(xiě)實(shí)與理想的結(jié)合，從他們的雕塑中就可以看到這點(diǎn)：雕塑多以最美的人體為摹本，表現(xiàn)自編神話中的眾神，形體極為精準(zhǔn)，比例亦臻于完美。如柏拉圖所說(shuō)：“藝術(shù)是摹本的摹本”。

于是我們可以清晰地看出中西方繪畫(huà)中最本原的美學(xué)差異：寫(xiě)意與寫(xiě)實(shí)。

中國(guó)繪畫(huà)偏于精神性的寫(xiě)意，表達(dá)了畫(huà)者對(duì)物象的理解及感受，表現(xiàn)物象最本質(zhì)特征，并進(jìn)行了理想性塑造加工。其精神性常常高于畫(huà)本身的表達(dá)與技法，物象

中國(guó)水果畫(huà)

西方水果畫(huà) 作為抒情的媒介表達(dá)著作者的而西方繪畫(huà)則偏于寫(xiě)實(shí)性地再于構(gòu)思，技法展示遮蔽了畫(huà)家層物象才能體味畫(huà)家深藏的內(nèi)心世界。而且西畫(huà)常以故事性或場(chǎng)景性代替精神性，在立意上存在缺失。

就這兩種風(fēng)格而言，我個(gè)人都很喜歡，但中國(guó)畫(huà)缺少明暗關(guān)系，畫(huà)出來(lái)的人物山水都是平面化的，西方畫(huà)透視學(xué)的應(yīng)用使其更具有體型感，學(xué)了建筑

中國(guó)人物畫(huà)

西方人物畫(huà)

以后，特別是學(xué)了素描，水粉以后，我更喜歡西方的那種畫(huà)風(fēng)。但是畢加索的抽象畫(huà)雖然被公認(rèn)為傳世之作，也許由于自己藝術(shù)修養(yǎng)不足的原因吧，個(gè)人完全欣賞不了，自然覺(jué)得沒(méi)意思。

雕塑藝術(shù)是人類(lèi)情感外溢的物化形態(tài)，是中西文化的重要組成部分，不論古代還是近代，雕塑的創(chuàng)造都體現(xiàn)著時(shí)代的文化精神，是人類(lèi)主動(dòng)的創(chuàng)造行為。從古希臘創(chuàng)立并奠定了以人為主題的雕塑形式后，一直到現(xiàn)代雕塑興起的2500年

精神境界與人格追求。現(xiàn)對(duì)象，往往表

達(dá)重的精神表達(dá)，要透過(guò)層中，人像始終占據(jù)著雕塑題材的主導(dǎo)地位，涌現(xiàn)出眾多優(yōu)秀的人像雕塑作品。有單人的也有組合的，動(dòng)作姿態(tài)豐富多彩，這與古希臘“人，乃萬(wàn)物之尺度”的觀

念有著文化上的必然聯(lián)系。相比之下，中國(guó)的雕塑顯示了題材廣泛的特點(diǎn)，不僅有人物，動(dòng)物,虛構(gòu)的動(dòng)物（龍、鳳、麒麟等），人與動(dòng)物的合形（女?huà)z、伏羲的人首蛇身），還有山水樹(shù)林，云朵霧氣，神話傳說(shuō)，歷史故事，生活場(chǎng)景，以及大量動(dòng)物器物的造型。尤其在早期雕塑藝術(shù)中，各種題材并無(wú)明顯主次之分，也

西方雕塑

中國(guó)佛像 無(wú)主輔之別。只是到了后期，特別是宗教雕塑興起后，人像才得以充分發(fā)展。若單獨(dú)一人像來(lái)說(shuō)的話，我認(rèn)為西方的雕塑表達(dá)的人物思想更深刻一些，人物刻畫(huà)的比較細(xì)膩，相對(duì)來(lái)首有較強(qiáng)的表現(xiàn)力。

4、飲食方面

吃中餐時(shí)，圍坐在餐桌旁的進(jìn)餐人各取所需，各自根據(jù)各自的喜好選取相應(yīng)的飯菜；餐桌上的任何一種飯菜都不屬于任何一個(gè)食客，大家為了相同的目的在同一張餐桌旁，面對(duì)相同的飯菜各取所需，解決饑餓問(wèn)題和生存問(wèn)題。筷子的發(fā)明是我們祖先的又有一個(gè)創(chuàng)舉。筷子利用杠桿原理夾取食物，可以促進(jìn)手、眼協(xié)調(diào)能力，強(qiáng)化手的精細(xì)協(xié)調(diào)動(dòng)作，促進(jìn)視覺(jué)發(fā)育，還有健腦益智的作用，相比西方的刀子叉子要更方便的多。所以說(shuō)筷子文化相對(duì)于西方的刀叉文化要先進(jìn)的多。然而吃西餐時(shí)，每個(gè)食客只能吃各自的那一份飯菜，不同的飲食文化，歸根結(jié)底就是文化的不同。

結(jié)束語(yǔ)：中西方傳統(tǒng)文化的美與丑是相對(duì)的，不存在絕對(duì)的美與丑，對(duì)中西方文化美與丑的認(rèn)識(shí)，更多的反應(yīng)了一個(gè)人的審美價(jià)值。現(xiàn)在隨著中西方交流越來(lái)越頻繁，世界成了一個(gè)地球村，在面對(duì)文化差異這個(gè)問(wèn)題都要采取積極的態(tài)度。還是那句話，世界上沒(méi)有哪個(gè)民族是優(yōu)勢(shì)民族，也沒(méi)有哪一種方化是劣等文化，為了促進(jìn)交流，我們都要對(duì)中西方的文化進(jìn)行了解，相互理解，相互尊重，取其精華，棄其糟粕。

第四篇：中西方文化差異演講稿

中西方文化差異演講稿

隨著社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的不斷發(fā)展，中西方經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易交流的增多，中西方文化也開(kāi)始更加劇烈的碰撞、交織。中西方文化的差異成了現(xiàn)代許多專(zhuān)家研究的對(duì)象，而在日常生活中的我們的老百姓，也耳濡目染的接觸到了外來(lái)文化，并且，外來(lái)文化正扮演著重要的角色。那么，中西方文化到底有什么樣的差異呢？下面，讓我們來(lái)一起來(lái)看一看。

(1)在對(duì)待人與自然的關(guān)系問(wèn)題上。中國(guó)注重天人合一,西方文化強(qiáng)調(diào)征服和改造自然.肖尚軍的《傳統(tǒng)文化概要》（2006.12）中指出，中國(guó)文化重視人與自然的和諧統(tǒng)一，即“天人合一”，西方文化則強(qiáng)調(diào)人對(duì)自然的征服與改造，即征服自然。《東西文化及其哲學(xué)》(梁瀨溟1999.7.1)中指出，在方法上，中國(guó)人注重抽象和虛的意味，“往往拿這抽象玄學(xué)的推理應(yīng)用到屬經(jīng)驗(yàn)知識(shí)的具體問(wèn)題”，所以中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)不具有西方征服自然、科學(xué)方法、民主精神之異彩。《中西倫理文化差異的比較與啟示》(劉宗碧 2006.2)中指出，西方持幸福論為主的維度,追求主體權(quán)益滿足的自我確證;中國(guó)持功德論的維度,追求“順天意”的功名。

(2)在對(duì)待家庭問(wèn)題上。中國(guó)強(qiáng)調(diào)家族和整體利益,而西方追求個(gè)人利益與尊嚴(yán).在《傳統(tǒng)文化概要》里,中國(guó)文化強(qiáng)調(diào)“家族本位”，突出國(guó)家和家族的整體利益。西方文化則奉行“個(gè)人本位”，以自我為中心，注重個(gè)人的人格與尊嚴(yán)。未來(lái)之舟編著的《禮儀培訓(xùn)手冊(cè)》(2009.8)中指出，我們一直以謙虛為美德,不論是對(duì)于自己的能力還是成績(jī)，總是喜歡自謙。外國(guó)人非常注重個(gè)人隱私權(quán)，日常交談中，一般不會(huì)涉及對(duì)方的“私人問(wèn)題”。而我國(guó)的個(gè)人隱私觀念比較淡薄。特別是在親朋好友之間，大家喜歡不分你我，共同分享對(duì)方的私人生活。長(zhǎng)者往往可以隨意問(wèn)及晚輩的私人生活，以顯示關(guān)心。在萬(wàn)藝玲所著的《漢語(yǔ)詞匯教程》(2000.1)中，特有詞語(yǔ)顯示了此方面的差異,每個(gè)民族都有自己的稱(chēng)謂系統(tǒng)，稱(chēng)謂語(yǔ)從一個(gè)側(cè)面反映著各民族的傳統(tǒng)文化。中國(guó)有著幾千年封建社會(huì)的歷史，封建的宗法、家庭、倫理等觀念具體反映在漢民族的家庭、親戚的稱(chēng)謂關(guān)系上。而西方對(duì)家庭親戚的稱(chēng)謂只有aunt和uncle兩種,由此可見(jiàn)東西方家族觀念的差異.(3)在對(duì)待民族關(guān)系問(wèn)題上。中國(guó)歷史上基本奉行以和為貴的政策,西方人則有征服天下的野心.中國(guó)文化奉行的是“親仁善鄰”和“協(xié)和萬(wàn)邦”，而西方則奉行“征服天下”。在徐言行所著的《中西文化比較》(2007.9)一書(shū)中，指出中國(guó)文化中庸和平和西方文化崇力尚爭(zhēng)的特點(diǎn)，中國(guó)人注重節(jié)制、追求和諧與平穩(wěn)的文化性格和西方人鼓勵(lì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)、追求功利、崇尚力量和進(jìn)取的價(jià)值目標(biāo)。《中國(guó)文化概論》(檀江林2009.12)指出:對(duì)民族關(guān)系問(wèn)題的處理原則上，中國(guó)的原則是親仁善鄰、協(xié)和萬(wàn)邦、順?biāo)资┗⒁缘聭堰h(yuǎn)，西方民族的原則是以武力征服天下。

中西方在日常生活中表現(xiàn)得差異更突出。

中西方在飲食上有很多差異。就說(shuō)說(shuō)早餐吧，在西方，典型的歐洲大陸早餐包括吐絲面包，各式維也納甜面包，牛角面包，黃油，果醬，茶和咖啡，美式早餐要豐盛的多，除了以上的食物外，還包括煎的培根，香腸，土豆，煎蛋，麥片，牛奶，水果或果汁。而中國(guó)人早餐則吃炒米飯

第五篇：中西方美術(shù)文化差異

中西方美術(shù)文化差異

中西方美術(shù)的最主要差異就在于透視，這是最根本的，中國(guó)繪畫(huà)在創(chuàng)作上重視構(gòu)思，講求意在筆先和形象思維，注重藝術(shù)形象的主客觀統(tǒng)一。造型上不拘于表面的肖似，而講求“妙在似與不似之間”和“不似之似”，在透視上將焦點(diǎn)（一點(diǎn)）透視與散點(diǎn)（多點(diǎn)）透視結(jié)合；而西方繪畫(huà)著重于焦點(diǎn)透視，比較客觀科學(xué)地體現(xiàn)了物體的外觀，真實(shí)客觀是其特點(diǎn)。繪畫(huà)風(fēng)格對(duì)于整個(gè)社會(huì)的影響都是巨大的，同時(shí)整個(gè)社會(huì)所形成的文化底蘊(yùn)也同時(shí)反哺給了繪畫(huà)。舉例來(lái)說(shuō)，從建筑上來(lái)說(shuō)，人文，天氣和建筑材料以及建筑工藝都對(duì)其有很大的影響，同樣是巴洛克風(fēng)格，每個(gè)地方都有些細(xì)微的變化。

西方人文在文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期，思想波瀾起伏，海納百川形成了眾多的藝術(shù)風(fēng)格，功不在風(fēng)格多少，而在于這一風(fēng)氣帶動(dòng)了人們的思想，不段的創(chuàng)新；反觀中國(guó)古代，由于封建社會(huì)統(tǒng)治階級(jí)的思想統(tǒng)治，迫使人們?cè)谝欢蚣苤校粚?duì)君王，只對(duì)青山綠水，千年時(shí)間造就了中國(guó)畫(huà)的輝煌，但也限制了中國(guó)繪畫(huà)新時(shí)代的發(fā)展。當(dāng)然在明清兩代發(fā)展起來(lái)的工筆繪畫(huà)，在一定意義上也偏重了西方繪畫(huà)的焦點(diǎn)透視（工筆建筑要稍少一些）。

繪畫(huà)工具的不同也造就了中西方繪畫(huà)的差異。毛筆，紙張，繪畫(huà)顏料可謂獨(dú)樹(shù)一幟，更體現(xiàn)了中國(guó)古代人民的智慧，當(dāng)然整個(gè)當(dāng)時(shí)西方社會(huì)的工藝水平也是很高的