第一篇：英語專業畢業論文標題示范

標題的寫法

論文標題是全文內容的縮影。讀者通過標題便能夠預測論文的主要內容和作者的意圖，從而決定是否閱讀全文。因此，為了使文章贏得有關領域里眾多的讀者，論文的標題必須用最精煉的語言恰如其分地體現全文的主題和核心。本章主要探討英語學術論文標題的語言特點及寫法。

6.1 標題的長度

標題 單詞總數 名詞數 介詞數 形容詞等

1)Fire Resistant Steels for Construction: Design, Properties and Microchemistry 9 6 1 2

2)Damping Capacity of Shape Memory Alloy 6 5 1 0

3)Microelectronic Assembly and Packaging Technology: Barriers and Needs 8 5 0 3

14)Solid Oxide Fuel Cell: A Survey 6 4 0 2

5)Progress on Fuel Cell and Its Materials 7 4 1 2

6)Computer Simulation and Experimental Study on Cold Shut During Mold Filling 11 5 2 4

英語科技論文中，標題不宜過長，大多為8—12個單詞左右。表6.1和表6.2列出了一些學術論文的標題的字數及詞性統計資料。

表6.1 學術論文標題中字數及詞性統計(一)

標題 單詞總數 名詞數 介詞數 形容詞等

7)On the Fatigue Life Prediction of Spot Welded Components 9 5 2 2

8)Absorbable Implants in Finger Fractures: A Biomechanical and Comparative Study 10 4 1 4

9)Acoustics of Long Spaces: Theory and Application 7 4 l 2

10)Investigation of Air Bags Deployment Forces on Out-of-Position Occupant 7 2 0

11)Semi-Integral Abutments in Bridge Seismic Design 6 3 l 2

12)High Speed Flow Sensor and Fluid Power Systems Modelling 9 7 0 2)Surface Engineering of Polymers for Biomedical Application 7 4 2 l

14)The Design of User-Oriented Database of Material Performance Based on Client/Server Model 13 7 3 3.15)Impingement Heat Transfer of Diesel Flames in a Rapid Compression and Expansion Machine 13 8 2 3

平均（約）9 5.5 1.5 2 來源：中國第三屆青年學術會議論文集，材料科學與工程技術。北京：中國科學技術出版社，1998。

標 題 單詞總數 名詞數 介詞數 形容詞等

1)Use of Vitamin and Mineral Supplements by the Elderly 9 5 2 2

2)Dietary Supplement and Body Image in Female College Students 9 6 l 2

3)Knowledge of Cardiovascular Disease in University Students 7 4 2 l

4)Severe Weather and the Automobile 5 2 0 3

5)Heavy Weight Contenders：a Look at Fat 7 4 1 2

6)A1uminutn：Is It Hazardous to YourHealth? 7 3 1 3

7)The Use of Technology in Higher Education Programs: a National Survey 11 5 2 4

8)Sustaining the Discussion：Ecology in the Humanities Classroom 8 4 l 3

9)Diversity in the Future WorkForce 6 4 1 l

10)Models of Sustaining Human and Natural Development in an Urban Environment 11 3 2 6

11)Variation in Acorn Production and Chemistry of Two Oak Oak Species with respect to Topography 14 8 5 1

12)Traditional Versus Adult StudiesStudents: the College Experience 8 5 0 3

13)Solving the Food Shortage Problem in Northeast and Northwest Africa Using Hydroponically Grown Peanuts & Solarly Distilled Water 18 10 1 7

14)Impact of Cancer：Coping Process and Quality of Life 9 5 2 2

標 題 單詞總數 名詞數 介詞數 形容 詞等

15)Application of Digital Image Analysis for Helping to Define the Prognosis Of Selected Malignancies 14 6 3 5

平均(約)9.5 5 1.5 3

來源：The Ohio Journal of Science Vol.96(2)

表6.1中列出的是中國科協第三屆青年學術年會論文集中15篇英文論文的標題，平均9個單詞。表6.2列出的是從The Ohio Journal of Science中隨機挑出的15篇論文的標題，平均9．5個單詞。要想用有限的字數概括全文的主旨，用詞必須仔細斟酌和推敲，選擇最簡練、最準確、最貼切的詞來表達全文的主要內容。

6.2 標題的用詞

從表6.1和表6.2可以看出，標題中用得最多的是名詞(包括動名詞)，平均占總單詞數的50％～60％之高。其中有的標題中80％以上的詞為名詞。除名詞外，用得較多的是介詞，有時使用形容詞、冠詞、連詞、副詞。

標題是對全文重要內容的高度概括，因此用詞要貼切、中肯，不能有任何隨意性。為了便于檢索，標題中所用的詞盡量使用表達全文內容的關鍵詞，下面舉例說明標題中關鍵詞的出現率。例1

a． 標題：On the Fatigue Life Prediction of Spot Welded Components

b．

關鍵詞：fatigue spotweld automobile life prediction ·

疲勞 點焊 汽車 壽命預測

b．標題：Computer Simulation and Experimental Study On Cold Shut During Mold Filling

關鍵詞：mold filling computer simulation cold shut casting

鑄件充型 計算機模擬 冷隔 鑄造

c．標題：Investigation of Air Bags Deployment Forces on Out-of Position Occupant

關鍵詞：air bag out-of-position occupant

安全氣囊 離位乘員

c． 標題：New Fatigue Test and Statistical Method for Metallic Materials Used in Vehicle Transmissions

關鍵詞：fatigue test statistical method test specimens

疲勞實驗 統計方法 試樣分析：

例1a中，有4個關鍵詞，在標題里出現了3個，而標題中出現的兩個名詞詞組fatigue life prediction 和 spot welded components都是文章的關鍵詞。

在例1b中，有4個關鍵詞，其中3個出現在標題里。標題中用了4個名詞詞組：computer simulation，experimental study，cold shut，mold filling，其中3個是關鍵詞。

例1c中有2個關鍵詞，在標題里都出現。標題中用了3個名詞或名詞詞組：investigation，air bags deployment forces，out-of-position occupant，其中兩個是關鍵詞。

例1d中有3個關鍵詞，其中2個出現在標題里。

從上面四個例子可以看出，標題中的用詞多是文章的關鍵詞，明確、精煉，將文章的主要內容予以高度概括。

標題中用得最多的是名詞或名詞詞組，一般不用動詞或動詞詞組。如果用動詞，則用非謂語動詞形式，如動名詞、不定式或分詞。

從表6.1和表6.2可以看出，在標題平均9個單詞中，有5.5個是名詞，占一半以上。除名詞外，用得較多的是介詞of，in，on等，再其次是連詞and和形容詞。偶爾也需要用一些其他詞性的詞，如副詞、冠詞等。

6.3 標題的結構

學術文章的標題主要有三種結構：名詞性詞組(包括動名詞)，介詞詞組，名詞詞組+介詞詞組。間或也用一個疑問句作標題(多用在人文社會科學領域)，但一般不用陳述句或動詞詞組作標題。

(1)名詞性詞組

名詞性詞組由名詞及其修飾語構成。名詞的修飾語可以是形容詞、介詞短語，有時也可以是另一個名詞。名詞修飾名詞時，往往可以縮短標題的長度。以下各標題分別由兩個名詞詞組構成。

例2

a．Severe Weather and the Automobile

(名詞詞組)(名詞詞組)

b．Soil Behavior and Critical Soil Mechanics

(名詞詞組)(名詞詞組)

c．High Speed Flow Sensor and Fluid Power Systems Modelling

(名詞詞組)(名詞詞組)

d．Traditional Versus Adult Studies Students: the College

(名詞詞組)(名詞詞組)

Experience

(2)介詞詞組

介詞詞組由介詞十名詞或名詞詞組構成。如果整個標題就是一個介詞詞組的話，一般這個介詞是“on”，意思是“對……的研究”。

例3

a． On the Distribution of Sound in a Corridor

b． On the Crushing Mechanism of Thin Walled Structures

(3)名詞／名詞詞組+介詞詞組這是標題中用得最多的結構。

例4

a．Fundamentals of Flow Measurement ．

(名詞)(介詞詞組)

b．Scattered Sound and Reverberation on Gity Streets and in Tunnels

(名詞詞組)(介詞詞組)

c．Dietary Supplement and Body Image in Female College Students

(名詞詞組)(名詞詞組)(介詞詞組)

d．Knowledge of Cardiovascular Disease in University Students

(名詞)(介詞詞組)(介詞詞組)

e．Diversity in the Future Work Force

(名詞)(介詞詞組)

f．Progress on Fuel Cell and Its Materials

(名詞)(介詞詞組)

g．Damping Capacity of Shape Memory Alloy

(名詞詞組)(介詞詞組)

h．Acoustics of Long Spaces：Theory and Application

(名詞)(介詞詞組)(名詞詞組)

i.Investigation of Air Bags Deployment Forces

(名詞)(介詞詞組)

on Out-of-Position Occupant

(介詞詞組)

j.Models of sustaining Human and Natural Development

(名詞)(介詞詞組)in an Urban Environment

(介詞詞組)

標題中的介詞詞組一般用來修飾名詞或名詞詞組，從而限定某研究課題的范圍。這種結構與中文的“的”字結構相似，區別是中文標題中修飾語在前，中心詞在后。英文正好相反，名詞在前，而作為修飾語的介詞短語在后。

例5

a． Progress on Fuel Cell and lts Materials

燃料電池及其材料進展

b． Computer Simulation and Experimental Study On Co1d Shut During Mold Filling

鑄件充型中冷隔過程計算機模擬及其實驗研究

c.On the Fatigue Life Prediction of Spot Welded Components 點焊汽車構件疲勞壽命預測

c． Investigation of Air Bags Deployment Forces on Out-Of-Position Occupant

安全氣囊對離位乘員作用力的分析與研究

(4)其他形式

對于值得爭議的問題，偶爾可用疑問句作為論文的標題，以點明整個論文討論的焦點。

例6

a． Do Electromagnetic Fields Affect the Way Plants Grow?

b． Do Specific Ambient Odors Enhance Short Term Memory Function?

c．130 Heterotrophic Protozoa Release Major Quantities Of Dissolved Organic Phosphorous in Lake Water?

有的標題由兩部分組成，用冒號(：)隔開。一般來說，冒號前面一部分是研究的對象、內容或課題，比較籠統，冒號后面具體說明研究重點或研究方法。這種結構可再分為三種模式。

模式1 研究課題：具體內容

例7

a． Microelectronic Assembly and Packaging Technology：Barriers and Needs

b． Fire Resistant Steels for Construction：Design，Properties and Microchemistry

c．Acoustics of Long Spaces Theory and Application

d．Impact of Cancer：Coping Process and Quality of Life

模式2 研究課題：方法／性質

例8

a． Solid Oxide Fuel Cell：A Survey

b.Absorbable Implants in Finger Fractures.A Biomechanical and Comparative Study

c.The Use of Technology in Higher Education Programs: a National Survey

d.Development of New Public Water Supply Well-fields Using Electromagnetic Conductance: Two Case Studies

模式 3 研究課題：問題焦點

a.Aluminum: Is It Hazardous to Your Health? b.Noise: Good? Bad? Maybe Both?

c.Manure: Friend or Foe?

思考題

下面這寫論文標題是否合適？如果不合適，請修改。

1.Auditory Perspectives of Different Types of Music

2.Electromagnetic Fields Have Harmful Effects on Humans

3.How to Use Water Resources for Irrigation in Semiarid Land

4.Water Quality Can Be Protected Through the Successful Integration of Research and Education

5.The Single Community Concept: A Model for Adult Environmental Education

6.Physics and Art: Conceptual Linkages Can Be Uncovered

7.Diamond Is Used for Electronic Devices

8.Yellow Fever's Effect on Transportation and Commerce

9.The Nature of Student Science Project Is Compared with Educational Goals for Science

10.A Qualitative / Quantitative Analysis of the Administrative Management Institute at Cornell University

11.The Americans With Disability Act and Its Applicability

to the Mentally Ill, Human Immune-Deficiency Virus and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Populations: A Statistical Analysis

參考答案

下面這寫論文標題是否合適？如果不合適，請修改。

1.Auditory Perspectives of Different Types of Music(合適)

2.Electromagnetic Fields Have Harmful Effects on Humans(不合適）

改為 :Harmful Effects of Electromagnetic Fields on Humans

3.How to Use Water Resources for Irrigation in Semiarid Land（不合適)

該為: Using Water Resources for Irrigation in Semiarid Land

4.Water Quality Can Be Protected Through the Successful Integration of Research and Education(不合適)

該為: Protecting Water Quality Through the Successful Integration of Research and Education 5.The Single Community Concept: A Model for Adult Environmental Education(合適)

6.Physics and Art: Conceptual Linkages Can Be Uncovered（不合適）

改為: Physics and Art: Uncovering Conceptual Linkages

7.Diamond Is Used for Electronic Devices(不合適)

該為 :Use of Diamond for Electric Devices

8.Yellow Fever's Effect on Transportation and Commerce(合適）

9.The Nature of Student Science Project Is Compared with Educational Goals for Science(不合適)

改為: The Nature of Student Science Projects in Comparison to Educational Goals for Science

10.A Qualitative / Quantitative analysis of the Administrative Management Institute at Comell University(合適)

11.The Americans With Disability Act and Its Applicability to the Mentally Ill, Human Immune-Deficiency Virus and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Populations: A Statistical Analysis(不合適)

該為: The Americans With Disability Act and Its Applicability to the Mentally Ill, Human Immune-Deficiency Virus and AIDS Populations: A Statistical Analysis

第二篇：外文電影標題的翻譯英語專業畢業設計畢業論文

On the Translation of Film Titles

Abstract The translation of film titles has become a popular phrase in modern life.As is known to all, how to translate the film titles has become a controversial topic in the field of translationfor a long time.Translation of foreign movies, to which the translation of their titles is vital, is viewed as a direct and easy way of introducing the foreign.This essay, combining the characteristic of the movies’ content with several considering factors, focuses on the linguistic and cultural differences between the west and east and the effect of titles on the audience.At the same time, this essay introduces four translating methods to pilot the translation of movies’ titles, including literal translation, free translation and transliteration.Key Words:film titles, film ofcultivation, literal translation, free translation,transliteration

Contents

Abstract.........................................................................................................I 1.Introduction……………………………………………………………..1 2.Considering factors of translation film titles………………………....1 2.1.Style and characteristic of film title…………………………………….2 2.2.Film of cultivation……………………………………………………....2 2.3.Film of commerce value………………………………………………...3 2.4.Some notions on the translation of film titles……………………...........4 2.4.1.Translator as a dispenser role on the translation of film titles………...4 2.4.2.Audience as an acceptant role on the translation of film titles………..4 3.Several methods of translation of film title.............................................5 3.1.Literal translation of film title…………………………………………...5 3.2.Transliteration of film title………………………………………………6 3.3.Free translation of film title……………………………………………...6 4.Several methods of free translation 4.1.Method of add words................................................................................................4.2.Method of change film title......................................................................................4.2.4.According to standpoint of film............................................................................4.2.2.According to emotion of film...............................................................................4.2.3.According to character of film..............................................................................4.2.1.According to plot of film......................................................................................5.Conclusion………………………………………………………………………….8 6.Bibliography…………………………………………………………..…………..10

Chapter 1 Introduction Film is artistic form of showing voice and picture that loved by the people.Nowadays, west films are so popular in Chinese market that translation of film become more and more important, but the first important is translation of film title.The film title just like eyes of revealing one’ personality, to make people want to see the movie.what’more, film title just like a film’ door.It contains not only film’s content but also the film title need brief, novel, and attract audience to go into the cinema.How to translate the film title is vital.When translate the film title, we go deep into understanding film’ content and style, paying attention to language, differences between west and east culture.These help to transmit information and arouse sense of beauty.In process of transmitting word, we keep exquisite words, precise and to the point, fathom to words and sentences, finally, keeping the balance of former film and free translation.In my essay, firstly I will talk about several factors of film title such as culture,style and characteristic of film title.The second part, Iwill show three methods translation of film title-literal translation free translation and transliteration.The three part, I mainly analysis free translation by change words, add words and reduce words.At last, I will sum up all the paper.Chapter 2 translation film title’ considering factors 2.1 style and characteristic of film title Different themes of film have different style.According to different style of film, the film title express film’ content, arouse people wonderful imagination and desire of seeing the film.1.Film of police and action

The style of film is thrilling and irritating to give people to be concerned about.For example: The Rock《石破驚天》，The French Connection《法國販毒網》 2．Film of love and emotion The style of film is not only romantic and sentimental, but also sorrow and moving to make people think over.For example: A walk in the clouds《云中漫步》, Shakespeare in Love《戀愛中的莎士比亞》

3．Film of science and magic The style of film is fantastic and terrified to describe not real magic world.For example: Batman《蝙蝠俠》，E.T.《外星人》，the JurassicPark 《侏羅紀公園》

4.Film of comedy

The style of film make cheerful related and humorous atmosphere to stress comedy style.For example: Mrs.Doubt fire 《窈窕奶爸》，The Mask 《變相怪杰》 5.Film of terror The style of film plays up scare and astonished atmosphere with impact of sight.For example: The Ring 《午夜兇鈴》，Scream《奪命狂呼》

2.2 film of cultivation

Translation is not only the process of transmitting the words and sentences, but also is the social phenomenon of cultural communication.As film of west often contained national literature, history, philosophy, religion and custom in cultural system and difference ideology of east and west, so film title must think about different culture.Translation of film title should also translate culture to make people understand all the film.But culture should choose, intensify and add our culture.This is a example about a film“Waterloo Bridge” literal translate《滑鐵盧橋》，but the film title make people associate with 拿破侖defeat 威靈頓, it located nearby 比利時布魯塞爾.In fact, the story in film happened in London and former told about gunfire licks the heaven in battlefield, the latter told about moving and sorrow love story.So according to all the content, the writer change the film title《滑鐵盧橋》instead of 《魂斷藍橋》.Because this film title make people feel more sincere and Chinese people know about this the latter story.However, when we translate film title, we must think about culture.Sometimes, original film titles don’tcontain some cultural phenomenon that is not familiar by Chinese people.But in order to cater to their custom and taste, we often use free translation of film title.For example, The Great Walt《翠堤春曉》，The Red Shoes《紅菱艷》，The Bathing Beauty《出水芙蓉》and so on.These film titles show implied beauty and taste of plain by cultural characteristic feature.There are another film contained custom and culture, such as Love with My Father《天倫樂》，The Wedding Night《洞房花燭夜》.Otherwise, idiom and quotation from classics also contain much cultural information.We don’t translate these in literal translation but we should analysis connotation, or else we often make mistakes and expose other people to ridicule.For example, the film title“One Flew over The Cuckoo’s Nest”,cuckoo not only means a bird with characteristic cry and laying eggs in nests of small birds but also means crazy.The film content tells about mental hospital to reflect social problem in 1960s.If we only translate the surface meaning《飛越杜鵑窩》,we make a mistake in idiom.The best film title is《飛越瘋人院》.In the same way, different cultures make people different imagination about content, so translator should cautious attitude to analysis film.Such as “Dragon Heart”, because of dragon standard for devil in English but standard for emperor in Chinese, so we keep film title《魔龍傳奇》.2.3 film of commerce value Film is a work of art which mixed with civilization and commercialization.So when we translate film title, we also think about commerce factor.If we want to come true the commerce value, the most important is that the translator should grasp audience of cultural feature and aesthetic appreciation to create the most popular film title.On one hand, film title evokes similar feeling in people mind to stir up audience have a desire of seeing the movie.On the other hand, film title should original and attractive, at the same time, making some nervous atmosphere and produce many fancies in audience minds.For example, Sister Act《修女也瘋狂》 The Terminator《魔鬼終結者》The Other《小島驚魂》，these film titles are attractive to suit both refined and popular taste and successfully realize to combine civilization with commercialization, raising box-office value.In order to these aims, realization of commerce value demand venturous creation, but not ought to keep intemperate and vulgar.If we seek wealth and effect of box-office excessively, maybe we get negative influence.2.4 Some notions on the translation of film titles

A film title is of the same importance to the film as the face to a person.If the face you see is beautiful that your impression of him or her will be good, too.So the designers of the film titles—the translators bear a load to satisfy different layers of different audiences.Good translation is a culture, which is certainly an enjoyment to people.Whereas, the audiences as the receivers of the film titles will become the right respond to the translations of the film titles.Both of them are important to the translations of the film titles.2.4.1Translator as a dispenser role on the translation of film titles

The translation isn’t come down without the translators’ hard working.For this reason, on the translation of film titles, translators simplify the translation to achieve brief and to the point.It is also a kind of creating while the translators are doing the translation works.The same film title will have different translations owing to the different translator’s.Every one has his own idea, experience and knowledge.They translate the titles according to their own understanding.So that’s the reason why we say that the translators bear a load to satisfy different layers of different audiences.Due to these reasons, it is sure that these translators have a chance to sit together and discuss the future development of the film titles.Now there aren’t people who get a whole system as the principles of the film titles’ translation.2.4.2 Audience as an acceptant role on the translation of film titles Film titles are restricted by the original titles.Since they are shot for the audiences, it is necessary to motivate the audiences’ interests.However, once the audiences do not possess any historical knowledge or literary cultivation, the translations of these film titles will lose their value of exist.The translations of the film titles are better to be both refined and popular tastes.And it’s also important that the audiences would be active to accept the foreign culture.In the views of the audiences, the translations of the film titles appear that there aren’t any principles to obey.Chapter3 several methods of translation of film title 3.1 literal translation of film title

Some film titles need not be considered and designed again by the translators, just use literal translation that can get the maximum effect transmitting the original meaning and keeping the unity of the original naming and content of the film titles.Sometimes, the orders of the translated film titles are the same as the original ones, which are seen clearly to the audiences.Literal translation can keep the form, meaning and information of the film titles to be closely to the original film titles.For examples, the translation of the western film titles “Beauty and Beast”(《美女與野獸》), “The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King”(《指環王3：王者歸來》), “Snow White”(《白雪公主》), “Sleeping Beauty”(《睡美人》), “March of the Penguins”(《帝企鵝日記》), “Crocodile Dundee”(《鱷魚鄧迪》), “Madam Currie”(《居里夫人》), “Stigmata”(《圣痕》), “The Passion of the Christ”(《耶穌受難記》), “The Last Temptation of Christ”(《基督最后的誘惑》)and so forth, people can see from the examples above that it must use literal translation especially with regard to the historical figures and events or religious and ethical concerns which they are familiar with.People should notice that other film titles, which are adapted from famous books, also employ the literal translation.For example, “The Old Man and the Sea”(《老人與海》), “The Godfather”(《教父》), “Anna Karenina”(《安娜·卡列尼娜》).One reason is to avoid the misunderstanding of the audiences who may be strange to them, and the other reason is that the effect of famous books’ titles can attract the eyes of the audiences.Most film title adapt from several masterworks.After adapting film title, film becomes popular with the help of masterwork’s charm and effectiveness.So when these masterworks translate other foreign words to introduce reader, reader remember these films deeply through masterwork’s name.At the same time, it is convenient and natural by change art form of masterwork into film title that film title adapt from script of masterwork.Because writer literal translate masterwork’s name, so film title still keep original name.These film title prove the fact: 《百萬英鎊》A Million Pounds Note

《雙城記》Tales of Two Cities 《教夫》The Godfather

《威尼斯商人》The Merchant of Venice 《湯姆叔叔的小屋》Uncle Tom's Cabin

《戰爭與和平》War and Peace 《看得見風景的房間》A Room with a View《愛情故事》Love Story 《沉默的羔羊》The Silence of Lamb

《云中漫步》A Walk in the Clouds 《西線無故事》All Quiet on the Western Front《靈與肉》Blood and Soul 《與狼共舞》Dances with Wolves

《音樂之聲》Sound of Music 《英國人與瘋狗》Englishmen and Crazy Dogs 《真實的謊言》True Lies 《四個婚禮一個葬禮》Four Weddings and a Funeral 《陽光下的罪惡》Evil under the Sun In all words, literal translation of film title keep original name concisely and show film content obviously to attract audience’s curiosity..3.2 Transliterationof film title.Transliteration is a method that changes original language of pronunciation form into aim language of pronunciation form.For concerned name and history that audiences are familiar with people and place.Translatorsusually remain original rhythm of film title and some other country’s special features with transliteration.Moreover, film helps us to communicate culture, to expand audiences’ visual fields and to attract many audiences.For example, Casablanca《卡薩布蘭卡》，Titanic《泰坦尼克號》 Harry Potter《哈里·波特》and so on.We keep original film titles to use transliteration especially many film titles adapt from famous work.As we hope that film show a typical nature in typical circumstances.Especially use the name as film title such as Eyre《簡愛》Romeo and Juliet《羅密歐與朱麗葉》，Nixon《尼克松》，Gandhi《甘地》, Toss《苔絲》，Oliver《奧立弗》，The Cassandra Crossing 《卡桑德拉大橋》

Of course, not of all film titles about people names and place names use transliteration.We should base on audience’s culture and customs.3.3 Free translation of film title

Translation isn’t a process to change one language to the other.But the original film titles of western countries are always concise and implied.These enhance the difficulties in translation.And people who like western films won’t understand them quickly when they see them at the first sight.Yet, if translation is good enough it can help them to master the essence and imagine the plots of the film.And it can arouse their desire to see the film.When translators set about their works, they are hesitant to translate creatively.The assumption is to play safe;one would do well to give a ‘faithful’ rendering.If there is no creativeness in the advertisements, the advertisements are doomed to die.That is also suitable to the translation of film titles.The public is becoming serious to the qualities of the films with the improvement of people’s life.The film titles are specially the heart of films.Therefore, the translations of film titles need the translators to do their best because of the different cultures of the different countries.Many people considered that the translations of film titles are complicated.The reasons are that the original titles of western countries are always literary.However, it’s cursory if we translate them word-by-word into Chinese.Let’s take some films titles as examples, like “Mr.Holland’s Opus”, “Walk the Line”, “Lila and Stitch”, “The Incredible”, “A Bug’s Life”, “Chicken Run”, “Garfield”, “Tarzan”, “The Wizard of Oz”, “Best in Show”，are translated into(《春風化雨》),(《一往無前》),(《星際寶貝》),(《超人特攻隊》),(《蟲蟲危機》),(《小雞快跑》),(《加菲貓》),(《人猿泰山》),(《綠野仙蹤》),(《寵物狗大賽》).The Chinese audiences wouldn’t have the same feeling with the foreign audiences when they see these original film titles.They keep this doubt until the translations of the film titles are discovered.It comes the right time that they understand the naming suddenly.Precondition all the content and form of the films, it’s the key point to translate a film title.Besides, the translator himself must possess abundant cultural knowledge and steady linguistic plane.So the translators ought to elaborate a plan to change the original titles accordingly.Like “Mr.Holland’s Opus”, an American film, this narrates a story about an ordinal musical teacher: Mr.Holland.Mr.Holland contributed 30 years’ life to teach his students.Not for money and for fame.All his students are deeply affected by him.A correct comparison is for him in the film: the leader of a symphony orchestra.And every student is one of his notes, his opus.If we use literal translation, it must be(《賀蘭先生的作品》).It looks so bad for the awful translation.But the translator applies all his wit to deepen its meaning and translate it into(《春風化雨》).This is plentiful to reveal us the devotion of a teacher.Because “春風化雨” is usually a parable to the good education.Thus successful example isn’t only this.Film acted by American actor JimCarrey who is good at changing his facial expression freely—“The Mask”(《變相怪杰》).Everyone guess that this born comic actor might have a colorful act in this film according to the absorbing film title.But the audiences wouldn't associate it with the humor of JimCarrey if the film title is translated into “面具”.There is no doubt that the commercial factor plays a very important role on the translation of these film titles.But once they suit the whole theme of the films, no one will accuse them.Another Cartoon film “Chicken Run”, which was known to many cartoon filmgoers.If people translate it only by the literal meaning “小雞跑步”.Obviously, it will be less attractive than“小雞快跑”.This translation gives people a nervous and busy atmosphere.Good work appeals to everyone.Hence, there being a scene of pouring into the cinemas aren’t odd to bystanders.Films are sometimes regarded as a kind of literary work.Isn’t it quite right? People will read the good works again and again and still treasure them.A good film arouses people’s will to see them again and again, too.Here someone might bring forward a question that why these cartoon films originally aimed at catching children’s eyes actually inclined to canvass more grown-ups.After all, the words “cartoon films” are for children from the literal meaning.We also know that children just like the colors and the figures of the cartoon films.They don’t care about the translation of the film titles.So the real purpose of the translation is to draw the grown-ups’ attention.We can say that they go cinemas or guide children to cinemas.But the fact isn’t neglected that some film titles use free translation to have the opposite effect.A film called “Moulin Rouge”, which was shown on the year 2001.It is translated in free translation(《夢斷花都》)when it was introduced to China.The translation of this film title discards the meaning of the original film title that is seen to disrespect the foreign culture.At the same time, the translators who translated this film underestimate the audiences’ plane of understanding the foreign culture.We should translate it into literary(《紅磨坊》)，thus suit the demands of people who want to further know about the background of this film.The free translation(《夢斷花都》)make the Chinese audiences feel at sea.The last example here related to the literal translation.Can people just use free translation when translating the film titles and ignoring the literal meaning of film titles, which might transmit the information of original meaning?

Chapter4 several methods of free translation 4.1 method of add words Because of different culture, we often need change a little original film title.In fact, some modify make the film title excellent.For example,《楊家將》The Yang Saga.It is a story about all members in family Yang sacrifice to national country.Although the story is very familiar with Chinese audiences, foreign audiences know nothing at all.So translator add a word“saga”，making the film title suitable.4.2 method of change film title Changing the film content and film form into the new feature, the phenomenon is very common in translation of film title.To concrete say, film title can divide into four styles: 4.2.1 according to plot of film Fugitive《亡命天涯》 Bad Boys《絕地戰警》 Uncovered《古畫》

Hamlet《王者復仇記》

4.2.2according to emotion of film

Coming to America 《紐約之戀》 Tender Mercies《情暖童心》 It Happened One Night《一夜風流》 Waterloo Bridge《魂斷藍橋》 The Bridge of Madison County《廊橋遺夢》

4.2.3 according to character of film Great Expectations《遠大前程》 Gone with the Wind《亂世佳人》 Oliver Twist《霧都孤兒》 Eraser《毀滅者》 Home Alone《小鬼當家》

4.2.4 according to standpoint of film From Here to Eternity《亂世忠魂》Mission Impossible《最高機密》The Rock《石破天驚》 Jumanji《勇敢者的游戲》

Chapter5 Conclusion The translation of the film titles is a special process of re-creation.It isn’t simple to obey the content and the forms of the original titles, but a hard exploration to the film themes, social problems, the ethnic association and national condition.So finding the balance between literal translation and free translation is rational to the translation of film titles.Owing to the diversities of the west and the east, the westerners’ opinions towards the translation are naturally different from the easterners.We wouldn’t only see a part of the film and rush into translating it into literal translation or free translation.This act is irresponsible.Translation is also a process of cultural communication owing to the differences of the principles of the translation, the linguistic customs of the foreign countries and the characteristics of the film titles.That is not only to the audiences, but also to the translators themselves.Translators should make every efforts with carefulness to benefit the entertainment culture of the public and thus to benefit the translations of film titles.After all, the purpose of the film is to satisfy the audiences, the films businessmen and to get maximum income.Different film titles require different translation methods.People should take all factors into consideration.In all, there are many challenges for us to translate the film titles, thus we should combine with the practice of the translation.If we master the trick of the translation of film titles, everything becomes easy.Bibliography 1.賀鶯.電影片名的翻譯理論和方法.外語教學,2001,1 2.林秋云 外國電影片名翻譯簡論 上海科技翻譯 1996.3 3.寧之壽 談電影片名的翻譯 中國科技翻譯 1997 4.周新平黃開勝 電影片名的英漢互譯 黑龍江農墾師專學報2002.1 5.全春陽.論歐美影片譯名的意境美[J].遼寧大學學報, 2005, 1.P103

6.張發勇.Translation of Movie Titles—from a functional perspective [J].廣西 大學梧州分校學報, 2002,4.7.李顏.從文化觀的角度談影視翻譯[J].湖南大學學報（社科）,2005, 3.8.郝麗萍 實用英語翻譯理論與實踐 機械工業出版社 2006，7

Acknowledgements

First of all, I would like to show my deepest gratitude to my tutor – Mrs.Wang Ruiz, for all the help she has offered me during the preparation and writing of this paper and for all the pains she took in reading and correcting my drafts.It is obvious that without her patient instruction, helpful suggestions and constant encouragement, I could not have fulfilled this task as successfully as I wished.Secondly, I wish to express my thanks to all those who have helped me in the preparation of this thesis.In the past two months, I have received considerable help from the teachers, and the other faculty members and the other students in different departments of university, without which, the completion of this paper would have been impossible.Finally, I am also grateful to all my teachers who have taught me how to study and what to learn, which helped me a lot in the writing of the paper.And I would also like to thank all my fellow classmates, who have given me great support in the course of the paper writing and during all four college years.

第三篇：英語專業畢業論文

contents

Abstract in English.....................1

Key words in English........................1

Abstract in Chinese....................1

Key words in Chinese.......................1

I.Introduction......................2

II.The definition of idiom in both languages.................2

III.The pattern of idiom in both languages.............3

IV.Chinese and English idioms related to “lucky”and”taboo” numbers..........4

4.1 Chinese idioms related to “lucky”and”taboo” numbers........4

1.lucky numbers(3，6，8，10)...............4

2.taboo numbers(4，5，7)...............6

4.2English idioms related to “lucky”and”taboo” numbers..........7

1.lucky numbers(3，7，8，9).................7

2.taboo numbers(13，6，周五).....................8

V.Causes of differences between Chinese and English numerical idioms........9 5.1 Factor of Geography.....................9

5.2 Religious Differences..................10

5.3 Factor of History...................10

5.4 Fables and mythology..................11

VI.Conclusion......................12

Bibliography.........................13

第四篇：英語專業畢業論文

從英漢文化的差異簡析英語習語翻譯

摘要：習語是語言的精華，具有其獨特的文化特色。本文從英漢地理環境，風俗習俗，宗教信仰，價值觀念的差異出發，討論了習語在這各個層次上體現出來的文化差異，提出了習語英漢互譯的幾種翻譯方式。

關鍵詞：英漢習語文化差異翻譯

語言既是文化的載體，文化的映像，又是文化的一部分，它容納了文化的各個方面，反映了文化的所有內容;同是它也受到文化的制約。不同民族的語言，因物質環境和所處地域不同，社會文化的哲學淵源不同，也必然存在各自獨特的民族個性，因此人類文化因差異的存在而就有了交流的必要。在語言這一民族文化的魁寶中，習語是其中最奪目的一顆明珠，是語言的精華，是人們在長期的勞動和生活中創造出來的、形象生動的、固定的句子和短語，體現了民族的價值觀念、社會風俗、思維方式。習語和其文化有著密不可分的關系，由于歷史、地理、宗教信仰、生活習俗等方面的差異，英漢習語也承載著不同的文化信息。本文試從英漢文化差異的四個方面來探討英語習語的翻譯。

(一)地理環境的差異

由于生活空間，生活方式和環境等各方面的差異，不同的民族對同一事物的看法各有不同，英國是一個島國，畜牧業，航海，漁業都十分發達，而漢族則在亞洲大陸生活繁衍，人們生活在土

地上。因此，地理環境的差異對習語有很大的影響，如英語中的 spend money like wate,用來比喻花錢浪費，大手大腳，而漢語則是“揮金如土”，英國地處北溫帶，夏季氣候涼爽宜人，因此英國的許多詩人常把夏天與可愛，美好等詞語聯系起來，在沙翁的一首著名的十四行詩中，把愛人比作夏天，“Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate”,而在漢語文化氛圍中，夏天常常是與酷暑炎熱聯系起來，如“驕陽似火”，“赤日炎炎似火燒”等。也由于環境的差異，兩民族間對“東風”“西風”的理解也截然不同，中國人喜歡東風，它是春天的風，象征著“溫暖”，而“西風”則象征著荒涼之意，如“西風凜冽”。但在英國卻恰恰相反，“東風”是從歐洲大陸吹來的，象征“寒冷”，令人感到不愉快，如“When the wind is in the east, it’s good for neither man nor beast”,而西風才是從海洋吹來的溫暖濕潤的風，所以英國人喜歡“西風”，英語著名浪漫詩人雪萊就曾寫過一首佳作《西風頌》，“if winter comes,can spring be far behind”？

（二）民俗文化差異

任何一個民族在其發展過程中，往往都有自己獨特的社會生活狀況和世情風俗，如漢語習語中的“小菜一碟”用吃小菜來形容一件事情的容易性，而英語習語則用“a piece of cake”用一塊蛋糕來表示容易做到的事情；再如對“狗”這個詞在英漢文化中也有很大的差異，西方人愛狗，對狗的感情不亞于對人的感

情，說人幸運可以說他是個“Lucky dog”,說人會有出頭之日就說“Every dog has his day”，但在漢文化中“狗”多半用于貶義詞，如“狗膽包天”，“狼心狗肺”，“狗仗人勢”等；又如“亞洲四小龍”，英譯為“four Asian tigers”，而不能譯為“four Asian dragons”，這是因為西方人認為“dragon”(龍)是邪惡的象征，是兇殘的怪物，是罪惡恐怖的象征，是不詳之兆，但在漢文化中“龍”是中華民族的象征，代表著一種氣勢磅礴的民族精神，因此在漢語中就常聽到“望子成龍”這個詞語。

(三)宗教信仰的差異

宗教是一種文化現象，在個民族的歷史發展中有著重大的影響。英國長期以來深受希臘，羅馬和基督教文化的影響，認為世界是上帝創造的，世上的一切都是按上帝的旨意來辦的，而中國文化則深受佛教，道教的影響，因此宗教信仰上的差異也反映在習語上，在西方如：“God help those who help themselves”（上帝幫助自助的人），“God be with you”（上帝與你同在），“Go to hell”（下地獄去），而在東方如：“借花獻佛”，“閑時不燒香，臨時抱佛腳”，“道高一尺魔高一丈”等等。

(四)價值觀念的差異

由于各民族生活在不同的文化背景中，人們逐漸形成了不同的思維方式和社會心態，英美價值觀念的主線是個人主義，崇尚個人相對社會的獨立自主性，突出個人，強調個人的奮斗和成就，受個人本位價值觀念的影響，英美人士都十分重視個人的隱

私，如年齡，收入，宗教信仰及私人住宅等均屬個人隱私范圍，如“An Englishman’s home is his castle”（英國人的家是獨立王國）,而另一方面，從傳統上講，中國人比較推崇集體主義價值觀，這是中國文化的主線，如“一個籬笆三個樁，一個好漢三個幫”，“眾人拾柴火焰高”等。

二．英漢習語的翻譯方法

習語的翻譯不僅要求忠實的傳達原文的語言意義，還要能準確的闡述其原作的文化內涵，因此要求譯者應當在充分理解習語所包涵的文化信息基礎上，用目的語把這些文化信息表達出來，并能得到目的語讀者的認同。

（一）直譯法

由于一國語言中的習語最能直接反映該國民族文化，傳統習俗等各種特色，直譯就有它的特殊重要性，這種譯法能再現原文的風貌和文化，傳達出原文的形式，意義和精神，向讀者展示原語文化內涵，英語中的“armed to the teeth”，“a rolling stone gathers no moss”等分別直譯為“武裝到牙齒”，“滾石不生苔”等，而漢語中的“丟面子”“紙老虎”則分別直譯為“lose face”，“paper tiger”。

(二)意譯法

在跨文化交際時，會碰到大量表現出迥異語言文化特征的習語即非對應關系的習語，這類習語就不能互相直譯，而應弄清它們的文化內涵和實際含義，根據上下文適當處理，先達意后傳神，如“eat one’s words”，漢語應譯為“收回說過的話，承認前言有失，說錯了”。

(三)直譯加意譯法

為了更準確，有效地表達原意，譯者可以使用直譯加意譯的方式來翻譯習語，這種譯法能保持原文的比喻形象，同時又能清楚的表達寓意，如“laugh off one’s head”譯為“笑掉大牙”，“break the earth”“譯為破土動工”，再如“棺材上畫老虎---嚇死人”，譯為“Painting a tiger on a coffin---(lit)to frighten the dead,(pun)to frighten to death”，此例，直譯“to frighten to death”和意譯“to frighten to death”并用，更清楚地將漢語的這一歇后語介紹給英國讀者。

(四)套譯法

由于文化背景不同，原文的形象有時不符合中國習語，如

果直譯出來就會頗為難解，這時就可以借用漢語成語來翻譯，如：“All shall be well, Jack shall have Jill”譯為“有情人終成眷屬”，這種方法不僅可以保留原語的形象和風格，而且符合目標語的語言習慣，簡單易懂，可以讓讀者輕松地理解原文所要表達的含義，從而實現跨文化的交流。再如“six of one and half a dozen of the other ”譯成“半斤八兩”，“a bolt from the blue”譯成“晴天霹靂”，在使用套譯法翻譯時，一定要注意成語濃厚的民族地方色彩。

綜上所述，在英語學習中，只有更多的了解兩種語言的地

理環境，民俗文化，宗教信仰，價值觀念的差異，才能正確理解習語所包含的文化語義，體現出語篇中的文化內涵，利用適當的翻譯方法，再現出原文語詞的文化意蘊，從而真正實現英漢文化的溝通。

參考文獻：

（1）

（2）

（3）

（4）

（5）

鄧炎昌劉潤清，語言與文化(M)北京外語教學與研究出版社1989 張若蘭，英漢習語的特點及其文化差異（J）西安外國語學院學報2003 鄒秋娟，論習語的翻譯方法（J）讀與寫2007 吳瑾瑾，實用英漢翻譯（M）復旦大學出版社2005平洪張國揚，英語習語與英美文化（M）北京 外語教育與研究出版社1999

第五篇：英語專業畢業論文

樂山師范學院文學與新聞學院

2006級本科生畢業論文工作實施方案

畢業論文工作是實現本科培養目標、全面檢驗學生綜合素質與實踐能力的主要手段，是學生畢業及學位資格認證的重要依據。做好畢業論文工作，對提高本科畢業生的全面素養具有重要意義。我校本科人才培養計劃規定，本科生必須撰寫畢業論文，論文合格方能獲得學士學位。我院2006級本科生畢業論文工作將遵照《樂山師范學院本科生畢業論文工作規程》、《樂山師范學院文學與新聞學院2006級本科生畢業論文（設計）工作安排》，并結合我院的實際情況，規范運作，靈活實施。為了加強對文學與新聞學院本科生畢業論文的指導工作，特制定以下實施方案。

一、組織領導：

領導小組負責對畢業論文工作的領導和管理。

組長：吉仕梅

副組長：任志萍、熊澤文

成員：熊文、楊澤勇、各教研室主任

二、時間安排：

論文選題在第六期16-17周完成，開題報告、論文提綱應在第七期1--4周內完成。新聞專業應在第七期5—12周完成畢業論文撰寫，第七期13---15完成畢業論文答辯。漢語言文學、對外漢語專業于第八期開學第1---6周完成畢業論文的撰寫，第8-13周完成畢業論文的評閱，答辯、評審工作。

三、指導教師資格和指導教師的聘任程序：

畢業論文的指導教師原則上由我院講師以上的教師擔任，由領導小組聘任。學生選擇非我院的本校教師為指導教師，由領導小組批準，以文新學院的名義聘任；學生選擇非我校人員為指導教師，應報經領導小組審查資格，合格者以文新學院的名義聘任。

系上公布指導教師的專業方向和課題指南后，學生自愿報名選擇指導教師，領導小組可酌情調整，確定之后予以公布。原則上一名教師指導的學生人數不應超過10個。

四、論文指導的一般要求：指導教師在指導學生寫作論文期間，對學生進行的當面指導應不少于5次。平均每次指導時間應不少于1課時，每次當面指導的內容大致提出以下建議：

第一次：在學生閱讀和積累資料的基礎上，確定論文題目。題目可由學生自擬，也可由指導教師提供意見。指導教師要和學生討論選題的目的、意義、解決的問題等。學生查閱相關資料后，寫出開題報告。

第二次：學生交開題報告，開題報告需經指導老師和院畢業論文指導小組審查同意后方可開題。在指導老師指導下學生進一步完善開題報告，并正式確定論文題目。導師就論文的結構、各部分的內容、寫作的思路、文獻查閱等進行指導。要求學生在指導后查閱資料，寫出論文提綱。

第三次：學生交論文提綱，討論、修改論文提綱。教師要指導論文的具體寫作（包括論文寫作的基本格式、引文、注釋和參考文獻等的學術規范）要求學生寫出論文初稿。

第四次：學生交論文初稿，討論、修改論文的初稿，教師提出具體的修改、完善意見。

第五次：學生交論文定稿，教師審查論文定稿，在學生的畢業論文登記表上填寫評語、登記成績并簽字。

五、論文寫作要求與成績評定：

1、學生必須在教師的指導下獨立、按時完成論文的寫作，不得抄襲他人成果。如果發現抄襲、代寫等行為，按《樂山師院文學與新聞學院關于杜絕本科生畢業論文抄襲等行為的暫行規定》處理。學生不能按文新學院規定的時間完成論文的寫作，應當扣減該生論文成績。具體扣分辦法是：一個環節未按時完成的，扣3分；若有多個環節未按時完成，則根據此標準累加，一篇論文每一個環節都未按時完成的，最多扣減15分。

2、論文字數應不少于5000字。如果論文未達到規定字數，少300字以內，論文成績扣減2分；少300—600字，論文成績扣5分；少600—1000字，論文成績扣8分；少1000—1500字，扣15分；少1500—2000字，扣20分；少2000字以上，論文成績不及格。

3、論文材料雜亂，大量主要材料嚴重失實；或寫作態度極不認真、文章加工極差；或論文無中心、層次不清、邏輯混亂、句子不通；或理論上有明顯錯誤，經指導教師指出后仍然不改者，其論文成績不及格。重要人名、地名、事實、數據錯一個扣1分，標點符號錯三個扣1分，注釋錯一條扣1分，一個錯別字扣1分。

4、優秀論文從嚴掌握，一般不超過學生人數的15%。

六、論文答辯：由領導小組聘請若干本院或院外講師以上的專家學者組成答辯委員會。由我院學科學術帶頭人或教授擔任主任委員，委員會下可分成若干小組，分別負責每一組學生的論文答辯。

七、答辯工作程序：全部畢業生都要參加論文答辯。各答辯小組的論文答辯會由答辯小組組長主持。答辯時先由學生陳述論文選題的目的、意義、論文主要解決的問題、論文如何解決問題等幾個方面的內容，接著各答辯小組成員提出質詢，然后答辯學生逐一回答。答辯中答辯小組成員質詢至少應當考慮以下幾個方面的問題：

1．論文題目的思考、確定。

2．課題研究的歷史與現狀

3．論文寫作時的主要參考文獻。

4．論文的中心與結構。

5．觀點、材料及論證。

八、評語和成績：答辯過程中，各答辯小組應指定專人填寫答辯記錄。答辯結束后，各答辯小組根據學生論文和答辯時情況寫出通過或不通過的評語并給出論文成績；各答辯小組成員在學生的畢業論文登記表上簽名；答辯小組組長及時將《畢業論文登記表》交到院上。

九、院畢業論文工作領導小組審定全部畢業論文，給出論文成績，總結畢業論文指導工作。

2009年6月

附：

文學與新聞學院漢語言文學、新聞學、對外漢語專業

2006級本科生畢業論文工作各環節時間安排

2006級本科生各專業本科生畢業論文工作各環節時間安排如下：

1、第六學期第16--17周：學生初選論文題目、論文方向及論文指導老師。

2、第七學期第1--4周，完成開題報告、論文提綱的撰寫。

3、第七學期5—12周新聞專業學生完成畢業論文撰寫，第13---15周完成畢業論文的評閱，答辯、評審工作。

4、漢語言文學、對外漢語專業于第八期開學第1---6周完成畢業論文的撰寫，第8-13周完成畢業論文的評閱，答辯、評審工作。

特別提示：

新聞學專業學生如果能夠提前完成論文選題、開題、提綱、初稿、未定稿、定稿、指導教師與評閱教師審查合格等環節，經文新學院畢業論文答辯委員會及領導小組審查合格后，可由學院統一安排其參加答辯（具體時間另行通知），答辯通過者如需提前參加專業實習，必須由學院報請學校教務處批準后方可提前參加專業實習。

各專業學生提交畢業論文時，檔案袋里應裝有：開題報告、論文提綱、論文初稿、各種版本的論文未定稿、定稿打印件、論文登記表及磁盤、查閱資料的讀書卡片、指導教師意見稿及其他相關資料。

樂山師院文學與新聞學院

2009年6月