第一篇：雅思小作文常用句式

Task 1 summarization

First paragraph

translate the subject.words may be used: be made up of…;be composed of… Main part

According to the graph… , more specifacally

It is manifest from the graph that… , to be more exact the greatest increase is in…rising from …to … next came sth.over the same period.word may be used:

go up/increase/grow

jump/shoot up/surge

decline/drop/fall

plunge/plummet(急劇下降)

sharply/rapidly/dramatically

slow/gentle

fluctuate

level off at/level out at

peak at/reach the highest point at

bottom at/reach the bottom at

account for/make up/occupy

about/around/nearly/approximately

respectively(eg:In the 2004 Olympics,China and Russia won x and y gold medals,respectively)

expect/predict(eg:A is expected/predicted to reach…)Last paragraph

Therefore, it can be clearly seen from the graph that…

As a matter of fact, the issue of whether/ the phenomenon that/ the issue that________________________is a complex and controversial(復雜的)one.On one hand, many people may feel that ___1____,and correspondingly(相關的)____解釋1______;on the other hand, it can be noted that ____2_______and hence(因此)___2的結果_.There is no universal answer to this question;so different people can hold different opinions due to their distinct backgrounds and values.As far as I am concerned, while I agree that under some circumstances___1____, ___2___, is somehow reasonable, however my opinion is that ____________ and it can be greatly substantiated by the reasons addressed below.B:

1)the speaker asserts that____復述或解釋題目觀點______,Although the speaker’s position is not wholly insupportable, far more compelling arguments can be made for ________自己的觀點___________

2)the issue of whether to ____復述_____ is a complex one, since it involves a conflict between our interest in ___doing___ and a legitimate need to ____do____.In my point of view, the final judgment should depend on a case-by-case analysis of two key factors.TOPIC:

1)Since I _______________, I prefer to ___________________.2)In the past, I have often been pleasantly surprised by_________;therefore, I would rather

____________________.3)While there still exist ___________________,our resources/attention should be focused here not in other place.4)If you define ____題目中你認為不對的觀點_____, then I would gave to agree that today.5)______結果______is important to me, so I would prefer to _____觀點______.承接性句子

1)My reasons for this view involve the notions of respect and trust.2)

二、中間段

1）first…….Second…….finally

2）firstly…..for example;another opinion…..say,…..;in addition,……

3）Although we may not have conclusive scientific evidence of a cause-effect relationship, ample anecdotal evidence establishes significant correlation.Moreover, both common sense and our experiences inform us that people tend to _________________________________.4）The virtues of ______are undeniable.三、例證

1)Moreover, this approach can be used by anyone---排比性例證

2)XXX,CEO of XXX Company, which is major manufacturer of XXX, once pointed out(and I paraphrase)that _________.This illustrates the point that _________.3)Professor XXX, highly respected and well-know professor at china academy of social science, once pointed out(and I paraphrase)that____.This illustrates the point that ____________

4)As head of XXX department at my university once said(and I paraphrase), “_________”.This illustrates the point that ___________.5)According to a recent survey conducted by the XXX department of XXX University among AAA.NNN percent of AAA CCC.The result of the survey also indicates an increase of over NNN percent within NNN years in the rates of BBB.Researchers of XXX believe that _____.In AAA where not CCC, the occurrence of such problems drops dramatically.四、結尾段

1)In my estimation the pitfalls of such a technique outweigh any of its potential advantages.2)I think anyone would be hard-pressed to find fault with this advice.3)To conclude, there is no easy solution to such a complex issue, however, taking into account all the dimensions of the issue discussed in the above analysis, might be the first step out of the dilemma.4)In sum, it is very likely that people will be able to arrive at the same conclusion on this controversial issue due to their different experiences, and conflicting values.Nevertheless, public awareness of the various dimensions of the issue discussed above argument will certainly contribute to the thorough understanding of the problem.5)In conclusion, while some people may still remain unconvinced, the reason that I have

analyzed in above argument should at least make them aware of the complexities of the issue under discussion.There is little doubt that more and more people will come to realize that _____________.五、連貫與銜接

第一，首先 first, firstly, first of all , to begin with, in the first place, to start with 一方面，另一方面for one thing…for another;on the one hand…on the other hand 一般來說 generally speaking, in general 起初 in the beginning, at first

目前，現在 at present, now, currently, by this time 最近recently, lately

第二、第三，其次 second, secondly, third, thirdly, for another

…………………………………………………………………………………………..此外，而且，并且，尤其，同樣地，正如，與此同時

Additionally, again, along with, also, and then, as well as, besides, equally, even, further, furthermore, in addition, in other words, just as, likewise, moreover, not only…but also, similarly, to put it another way, to repeat, then, too, what is more

…………………………………………………………………………………………..例如，即

A case in point, after all, as a proof, as an illustration, as an example, for example, for instance, in particular, just as, namely, such, specifically, that is, to illustrate, to demonstrate …………………………………………………………………………………………..此后，后來 afterwards, after that, after a while, after a few days, from now on, later, soon, then

為此 for this purpose 換句話說 in other words

確實 as a matter of fact, certainly, indeed, in fact, , surely, truly, undoubtedly, without doubt …………………………………………………………………………………………..顯然 obviously, in stark/contrast, clearly 不論怎樣 anyway

最重要的是，特別是 most important, above all, in particular 經對比 by contrast, in contrast, by comparison, in comparison,相反/相對的 conversely, instead, on the contrary, otherwise, unlike, whereas, while, yet, rather than

…………………………………………………………………………………………..相同的、相同重要的 equally, equally important, in the same way, in the same manner, like, likewise, similarly, all the same 誠然，讓步 admittedly, after all,盡管although, even though, in spite of,…………………………………………………………………………………………..結果 accordingly, as a result, consequently, for this reason, hence, in this way, so, therefore, thus 結論 as has been noted/mentioned/stated, at last, finally, in a word, all in all, in brief, in conclusion, in short, in sum, in summary, to conclude, to sum up, to summarize

………………………………………………………………………………………….六、同義詞

Only= sole= exclusive= peerless= best Way= method= means

Make= form= shape= create

Man= human= person= individual= anyone Trustworthy= dependable

Trust= depend= entrust= believe Write up= report

Work out= solve= calculate= exercise Wind up= finish Turn up= discover Turn out= conclude Turn into= transform Stand for= represent

Spell out= state in detail Set up= arrange

Rule out= eliminate（消除）Run across= find accidentally Run into= meet by accident Put off= postpone（推遲）Pick out= select

Put up with= tolerate

Make out= understand with difficulty Make up= invent= compose Bring about= cause Look up to= respect

Look up= located information Look over= examine Keep on= continue

Keep up= remain current Carry on= transact= continue Clear up= clarify Cut down on=reduce Fall though= fail Figure out= discover Go after= follow Go before= precede Go up= increase Go over= review

第二篇：雅思小作文寫作技巧：句式變化@皇家留學

雅思小作文寫作技巧：句式變化

句型的豐富度是雅思寫作技巧中非常重要的點，而高分的雅思小作文寫作范文往往也是有著豐富的句型搭配和詞匯運用，下面天道小編就通過實例來講解一下如果在雅思小作文寫作中運用更豐富的句型技巧。雅思小作文主體部分是對圖表進行重點描述的部分，需要大家在備考的時候加以重視。下面為大家整理的是關于雅思小作文寫作中不同表達方法的總結，非常詳細，對比鮮明，大家一起來看看詳細內容吧。一般雅思小作文題目中就有明確要求在文中對所給數據進行分析比較，因此要想將主體段完成好肯定少不了“對比，比較，連接”等連接詞以及語句，如while, however, in spite of, in stark contrast等連詞，也包括類似it is clear that等插入語。

當然為了拿到高分，除了一些常用的搭配與表達之外，更地道或是更高級的表示也是必須要掌握的，主體段要想寫的精彩，除了各式用詞之外，也絕對離不開句式的搭配運用，簡單的“淡妝”相信是難不倒考生的，但也必須注意結合“濃妝”，適當加入高級的表示方法。

如：中國的出生率從1920年至1935年上升，之后下降到1940年的5%左右。運用不同級別的詞匯句式即可寫出如下3種表達方式：

“淡妝”級別：China’s birth rate rose from 1920 to 1935.It then decreased to 1940 at about 5%.(用詞簡單，直接翻譯的簡單句)

“濃抹”級別：China’s birth rate rose from around 10 percent in 1920 to 15 percent in 1935, and then it fell sharply to somewhere at the vicinity of 5 percent in 1940.(用詞調整的并列句)

考官提供范文中也有類似表達：In spite of some fluctuations in the expected percentages, the proportion of older people will probably continue to increase in the next two decades in the three countries.(劍5 P162 Model Answer)

“煙熏妝”級別：Increasing from approximately 10 percent in 1920 to 15 percent in 1935, China’s birth rate then plunged to a low of just 5 percent in 1940.(首先導入分詞伴隨代替常規的China’s birth rate開頭，且用詞更高深);

十分建議各位考生可根據自己的語言功底適當添加此類級別的句子，以增加新鮮感和色彩，從而提高分數。

當然此類句式也能時常在考官提供的范文中找到：The first potential location is outside the town itself, and is sited just off themain road to the town of Hindon, lying 12 kms to the north-west.(劍5 P166 Model Answer)

從就可以看出來，雅思小作文主體部分的寫作方法是有很多種的，但是復雜一些的寫作方法總是會更容易吸引考官的眼球而且也更容易達到寫作的字數要求，所以建議大家都向最后一種表達方式靠攏?？傊?，豐富的句型能讓你的雅思小作文寫作更出彩，當然也不是通篇都是相當復雜的句型和生僻詞匯就是好事，這樣反而讓考官覺得整篇雅思小作文寫作的表達不夠地道，甚至太過生硬，總之要把握好雅思小作文寫作中復雜句式使用的度。

第三篇：雅思小作文

雅思小作文對很多人來講都是一個很復雜的任務，所以掌握一些可以應用在各種圖表中的萬能模板是十分必要的。現在天道小編就為大家總結了10個雅思小作文的萬能模板，希望會對大家有所幫助。

1、通過第一個曲線圖，我們可以知道____,也說明了結果是___

According to the first graph, it can be seen that ______________, it can also be concluded from it that ______________.2、一張有趣、有教育意義的、(內容)的圖片(這句模板在雅思小作文中的應用非常的廣泛。)

There is an interesting and instructive picture which goes like this: __________.3、當前有一張涉及______的增長曲線圖，許多人______，然而其他人傾向于___Nowadays there is a growing concern over ______________.Many people like ______________, while others are inclined to ______________.4、目前，共同之處是_________,許多人喜歡______因為_______除此之外還由于_____

Nowadays, it is common to ______________.Many people like______________ because ______________.Besides, ______________.5、(圖表所示)_____，就像許多其他事物，被____更加喜愛，然而這一觀點正被________所抨擊，一些人認為_________，他們指出___________

______________, just like many other things, are preferred by ____________.While being attacked by the idea that ______________, some people consider ______________.They point that ______________.6、每種事物都有兩面性和________，是沒有異議的，包括利和弊

Everything has two sides and ______________ is not an exception, it has both advantages and disadvantages.7、_____作為_____被觀察了許多年，但是人們現在像發現新大陸一樣注視著它For years ______________ had been viewed as ______________.But people are taking a fresh look at it now.8、政府保證________，對于這份保證，大多數人做出了強烈地回應，因為_____It has stipulated by the government that ______________.To this stipulation, many people respond actively because ______________.9、_______出現在我們日常生活中是很平常的，無論我們做什么，_______都是不可避免的______________ is a common occurrence in our daily life.Whatever we do, ______________ can't be avoided.10、_____在人群中已經成為熱門話題，特別是在年輕人中，激烈的爭論無休止______________ has become a hot topic among people, especially among the young, and heated debates are right on their way.

第四篇：雅思小作文

1)The chart/graph/table/diagram/process(show, reveal, illustrate, demonstrate, depict, describe, indicate)

2)According to/As can be seen from/As shown in/It is clear/apparent from/It can be seen from結尾句型(如果沒有可以充分說的，可以不用結尾。結尾不要節外生枝。最好不要出現很明顯有結尾特征的詞語“in conclusion”)

中間關鍵句型————☆要注意認真審查題目，弄清楚要描述的數據究竟代表什么，單位是什么，用什么方式表達。

OBJECT(描述物體)

注意點：要明確以一定的順序來寫。從左到右或者是從上到下，從內到外(根據物體自己的特點)等等。把題目中給出的部件詳細描述。(如202的自行車)

句型：介紹功能The illustration is of a _______ which is designed to(do something)↓

說明構成部分A ______ is made up of /consists of/comprises How many ?A number of parts/sections↓描述各個部件功能不要用you ,one可以用we, the operator(單數個體)First ,(the cyclist)puts his or her _____on the ____

要有一定的順序，不要將每個部分單獨寫出，應該將能夠合并的一起結合，注意用以下句型(被動態，定語從句，非謂語動詞)

要用關聯詞

PIE CHART(餅圖)

注意點：

1)文字中要表達出總量與分量的關系，在兩個以上的PIE中，要注意各個PIE間的比較

2)數據究竟代表什么應清楚

語言點：

1)percentage / proportion

2)(v.)make up/ constitute / account for

3)①the biggest difference between 2 group(A+B)is in…,where A makes up 5% while B constitutes 67%the highest percentage of A, which was approximately 12%

② the percentage of A in…..is more than twice that of B, the ratio is 67% to 45%(0 compared to 0)

③in…,while a greater percentage of A than B are found in…….(the former is 0 and the latter is 0)④there are more A in……,reaching 0,compared with 0 of B

⑤A , which used to be the……..,has become less important, which declined(increased)sharply from 0 in 1978 to only 0 in 1998.⑥The biggest loss was to某區域.The biggest gains in A were made by某區域.FLOW CHART(曲線圖)

注意點：

1)抓住“變化”和“趨勢”

2)有兩種情況其一是在不同時間段內的數據比較，另外是單獨數據的全程描述。前者適合于數據代表的物體較少且時間界限明確的情況下，后者適合于描述數據對象很多且時間劃定不清晰。當然依據考試中的題目來決定。

語言點：

1)變化狀態幅度詞(要依據描述的情況決定)輕微-----slightly, slowly(速度), steadily(平緩)逐漸----gradually顯著-----significantly , markedly急劇-----rapidly , dramatically , abruptly ,sharply突然---suddenly趨勢---trend inclination tendacy

2)變量幅度詞語★增加-----increase, jump ,go up ,rise, climb , ascend , level up ,surge,★減少----decrease, drop ,go down ,fall,----, descend, level down ,★水平----keep/stay/remain/maintain stable ,----steady ,be similar to ,there is little/hardly any/no change★最高-----reach a highest point/the top/the summit/the peak/the most/peak in,at★最低-----reach a lowest point/the bottom//rock/hit a trough /bottom out★交叉-----correspond with in----year;---crossing the line for-----

3)時間幅度詞語During the period 1970—1999;From 1970 to 1999;Since the early 1970s;In 1970------then in 1980-----ten years later

4)基本句型

There was變化趨勢in the number of A from 1986-1990(over next…..yeas),which was followed by變化趨勢and then變化趨勢until 1998 when there was變化趨勢for the next….years

From 1990 onwards, there was變化趨勢in the number of A which then變化趨勢at 0 in 1994.In 1990,the number reached(was)0,but 30 years later there was變化趨勢.After變化趨勢from…to…,A begin變化趨勢over the next….years.The number of…increased rapidly from 1988 to 1990 during the five-year period〓There was a rapid increase from 1988 to 1990 during the five-year period

A has almost/nearly/about/over a quarter/half/twice/one third /as many students as/as much money as /B;

A has about/approximately/exactly/precisely the same number/proportion/amount of students/money as…..It has reached something of a plateau,X percent/an average of X percent in the past few years in 1998.in the 3 years spanning from 1995 through 1998...the percentage of...is sightly larger/smaller than that of.....the graphs show a threefold increase in the number of.....decreased year by year while...increased steadily....here is an upward trend in the number of..(year)witnessed/saw a sharp rise in.....a has something in common with b/ the difference between a and b lies in..柱狀圖(Bar chart)

注意點：

1)柱圖主要是陳列的數據比較多，不能將所有的信息寫出，只能抓住重點與關鍵點來寫(這些點可以是最大、小值；最高、低值；差距最大最小點等等)都需要結合題目來分析，對于一些點的特征具有相似性應該采用統一合并的方法，不能每有項都列出。

2)應該根據一定的順序來寫，否則會因邏輯不合理而失分

語言點：1)一般是以比較極與最高級的句子形式出現如

Low income consumed more hamburghers than other group(=more than other /group/ on hamburghers),spending more than twice/ as much as hamburghers than FC and Pizza(both about 40%)

High income favoured pizza,spenting 0,followed by FC at 0,then hamburgher at 0.High income appear to less than other /group/ on hamburghers,pizza remain their most popular fast-food, followed by FC.In 1975,among 3 of the world’s largest cities, San Paulo had the highest population(about 0.5 billion),and……is the second highest(about…..)……had the lowest population(about….).As a result in 1990,the number of….appears the largest population, closely followed by…,then…….at……

The table below shows the figures for imprisonment in 3 countries between 1930-1960 in great Britain, the numbers in prison has increased from….in 1930 to….in 1940,apart from in 1950 when the numbers in prison fell by….On the other hand , New Zealand and Australia are the only two countries in which the numbers in prison remain steady from 1930-1960,although there have been slightly fluctuations in this trend.In the period 1975to 1990,all cities showed a growth, Tokyo and Newyork had by far the largest increase(about…..).san Paulo had the smallest growth(about…)

There were no figures given for male part-time workers.In unemployed group, men enjoyed more leisure time---over 80%,compared with 40% for women(同一群體的比較), markedly more than women in retired group(不同群體的比較).表格/統計圖(Table chart)

注意點：

1)同柱狀一樣對數據間的變化與特殊顯著數據的描寫要求很高

2)選擇好順序

流程圖(Flow Chart)

注意點：

1)與物體、地圖的描述一樣，保持相同的作題原則

2)一定要按照順序來說明

3)明確圖片上要求說明的內容是什么，不要隨意編造

描寫程度

appreciablyadv.顯著地，可觀的He's looking appreciably thinner.considerablyadv顯著地

markedlyadv顯著地

remarkablyadv 顯著地

considerablyadv.可觀的The percentage is considerably higher than …

graduallyadv緩慢地gradual adj.緩慢的gradually decline

roughlyadv.粗糙地、大略地、大概地The percentage is roughly at 7%.roughadj.粗糙的、大略的、大概的slightadj.輕微的a slight slip, error, change, improvement

Slightlyadv.輕微地、微小地The patient is slightly better today

moderateadj.適中的、穩健的、溫和的moderate price increases

moderatelyadv.適度地;不過分地

marginaladj.輕微的、邊緣的、不重要的、微小的a marginal difference between ….Substantialadj.數目大的;可觀的、顯著的a substantial improvement, decrease

dramaticallyadv.巨大的、夸張的、引人注目的Her attitude changed dramatically.dramaticadj.戲劇的、夸張的、巨大的Obviouslyadj.明顯地He was obviously drunk.approximateadj大約的，近似的 an approximate price, figure, amount, etc

approximatelyadv.大約地，近似地=roughly

twice, three timesadv.兩倍 三倍

discrepantadj.有差異的，有矛盾的，不一致的=different

intermediateadj.中間的,介于兩者之間,中等的at an intermediate point, level, stage

outnumbervt.在數量上超過The demonstrators were outnumbered by the police

specifically adv.特別地

respectivelyadv.分別地

描寫變化趨勢

diminishv.使減少His strength has diminished over the years.declinev.減少，下降，衰退n.衰落 降低a declining birth-rate

reducev.減少，下降n.減少increase profits by reducing costs

reductionn.減少

decreasev.變小或變少;減少n.減少Student numbers have decreased by 500.downwardadj.adv.下降，減少，惡化a downward trend in prices

curtail v.減少 削減（開支、花費）縮短（時間、假期）等We must try to curtail our spending curtailmentn.縮短;減少;削減

fluctuatev.漲落、波動The price fluctuates between 5 and 6.fluctuationn.波動、變化wide fluctuations of temperature

shackn.震蕩、波動

stationaryadj.靜止的，不動的a stationary phase of this curve 靜止不動期

dwindlev.逐漸變少或變小;減少;縮小 dwindling hopes, popularity, profits

mountv.（數量、密度）上升、增加The death toll mounted to 100.multiplyv.增多, 增加Our problems have multiplied since last year.ascendv.上升;升高Ascending trend上升趨勢

upwardadj., adv 上升，升高the upward trend in prices

increasev.增加, 增大（數目數量）n.增長The rate of inflation has increased by 2%.steadilyadv.穩定，保持不變remain steadily at 1000 for 2 years

triplev.變成三倍The figure has tripled.doublev.變成兩倍The price of houses has virtually doubled over the past few years.constantly adv.持續地

固定用法：

In terms of…就。。方面來說Think of it in terms of an investment.Next come …,下一個說說。。Next come Guangzhou, it’s a smaller city than Beijing stay constantly at …保持穩定在。。

The correlation between A and BA和B的相互聯系

According to the survey in 2004, the tendency of… can be observed from the graph above被動語態開篇句

remain beneath …保持在。。以下

climbing up to…攀升到。。

during this stage/period在此期間

As for…,對于。。來說，說到。。As for Japan, the situation may be more serious

常用名詞

bar chart 柱狀圖=histogramn.直方圖

pie chart餅狀圖flow chartn.流程圖

diagram圖示、圖解、圖片illustrationn.圖示 圖解 示意圖

curve曲線圖=graphn.圖表，曲線圖

proportionn.比例，百分比=sharen.份額 比例 分享 股份

top, Peakn.頂點bottom, hemline n.底點，最小值

maximumn.最大值minimumn.最小值

trend n.趨勢=tendencyn.趨勢

inclinationn.趨向，趨勢He has an inclination to be fat

discrepancy n.差異，不一致=difference

breakdown= statistical analysisn統計分析,詳細分析

the table gives a breakdown of amount of expenditures

counterpartn.對應的另一方，比較的另一方 this product is better than its counterparts

對于數據描述性的題，需要在內容中體現的有： 最大值，最小值，相同值，相異值，增加值，減少值，和兩個圖標的相互關系

對于趨勢描述性的題，需要在寫作中體現的有： 上升，下降，波動，穩定，峰值，谷值，交點，倍數，和兩個曲線的相互關系

值得注意的是寫作線索，例如一個圖表，是關于不同房子價錢的不同，你到底應該按照價錢為敘事主線敘述，還是為敘事主線？選好主線小作文成功了一半。我剛開始小作文有的寫的不錯，有的感覺很冗長，為什么?就是因為寫作線索沒選好，這里告訴大家：選擇寫作線索，應應該以數據少的東西作為寫作線索，例如，一個柱狀圖，兩個年份2000 2006年，每個年份三個房價，分別是公寓、別墅、茅草屋的價錢。這時候就應該以年份為寫作線索。先寫，2000年3個房價分別多少，然后再寫2006年3個房價多少。

再舉例，如果是三個年份2000 2002 2006，兩個房價分別是別墅價錢，公寓價錢，那么應該以房屋價錢為線索，先寫別墅多少，3年趨勢如何，再寫公寓價錢多少，三年趨勢如何。明白了不？

第五篇：雅思小作文

餅圖Pie

As shown in the first chart, oil was the world’s main energy source, accounting for 37% of the energy consumption in 2005.Followed by coal and natural gas, constituting 28% and 23% respectively.By comparison, the proportion of nuclear power was small, 6%, equating that of hydro-electricity.Saudi Arabia accounts for the largest proportion of the world’s oil reserves, 20%, well ahead of Canada, the country with the second biggest reserve, 14%.Behind Canada are four Middle East countries, namely Iran(10%), Iraq(9%), Kuwait(8%)and United Arab(8%).By contrast, the reserves of Venezuela, Russia and the united states are relatively small, making up 6%, 5% and 2@ respectively.The remaining 18% is found in other countries.Pic

The three pie charts show how university students in three countries spent their money in the year 2003.In general, students in countries A spent slightly more than those in country B(US$5,000 and US$4,500 respectively).In comparison, student expenditure in country C was considerably lower, at only US$1,500 per year.Accommodation and food were the two biggest items of expenditure.Altogether they constituted around 60% of the total students’ expenditure in all the three countries.The difference is that in country A and B accommodation spending exceeded food spending while the reverse was true for country C.The rest of the students’ spending was divided among leisure, books and others.Leisure spending constituted a larger percentage(around 20%)of student expenditure in both country A and B, while in country C more money was spent on books(12%)than on leisure(12%).Overall, as wealth decreased, the percentage of students’ spending on non-essential items reduced.柱狀圖Bar

Pic

This bar chart shows the changes in the amount of oil discovered worldwide every 5 years from 1950 to 2005 and the predicted figures from 2010 to 2020.In 1950, the world oil discovery stood at 20 billion barrels a year, which grew dramatically over the next 15 years to reach a peak at approximately 56 billion barrels in 1965.However, from this year onwards, the growth of oil discovery was suddenly replaced by a sharply downward trend, with some ups and downs, to approximately 6 billion barrels a year in 2005, about 1/10of its peak amount in 1965.It is predicted that 7 billion barrels of oil will be discovered worldwide in the year 2010, and this figure is forecast to decline steadily to an all-time low of only 3 billion barrels in 2020.In conclusion, this chart shows that world oil discovery peaked in the 1960s but has been declining for over 40 years, and this trend is expected to continue into the near future.The bar chat shows information about the areas of land damaged by human activities in four major continents of the world.The area of land damaged in Africa and Asia are similar, totalling approximately 1,200 million hectares for each, while in Australia and Europe the numbers are considerably lower, averaging between 300and 400 million.Looking at the causes behind land damages, it can be seen that in African, Europe and especially Australia, breeding is the leading cause of land loss, damaging approximately 500, 100 and 400 million hectares of land respectively.Next comes tree-cutting which takes away slightly larger areas of land than farming in all the three regions.Asia shows a slightly different picture, where tree-cutting activities have led to the largest amount of land loss(450 million hectares).Breeding and farming account for the remaining damage(380 and 420 million hectares respectively).Overall, breeding causes the most pervasive damage to land around the world.折線圖 line

Overall, the world population rose sharply from less than 500 million in the 1400s to 6 billion in 2000, a growth of 12 times over 600 years.The increase was more dramatic after 1800 and only in the 1700s was there an obvious decline(1.2 billion to 0.9 billion).The ozone hole was at its smallest size of about 400 thousand square km in 1980, but 20 years later, it was enlarged by 9 times to 3.6 million square km.The only period when there was a reduction in size was in the early 1990s(from 2 to 1.2 million square km).流程圖diagram

The diagram shows the stages in the process of making chocolate.Chocolate comes from the cacao tree, which is grown in parts of south America, Africa and Indonesia.The tree produces large red pods which contain white cocoa beans.Firstly when the pods are ripe, they are harvested, the beans are removed and they are fermented for several days in large wooden boxes.During the fermenting process, the beans turn brown.Next, the brown beans are spread in the sun to dry.They are then put in large sacks and transported by train or lorry.After this, the beans are taken to a chocolate factory where they are roasted in an oven at temperatures of between 250 and 350 degree Celsius.After being roasted, the beans are crushed and the outer shell is removed.This part is not needed for making chocolate.Finally, the inner part of the bean is pressed and liquid chocolate is produced.(pic)

The chart describes how water is obtained outdoors.According to the figure, the first step of obtaining water outdoors is to find a hole with green plants on its bottom.Next, remove the green plants in the middle and put a container there.Then, cover the hole with a plastic sheet and place two stones on both ends of it to secure its position.A third stone is laid on the middle of the plastic sheet so that the middle part is also the lowest part.When the sun shines on the green plants in the hole, water evaporates from these plants.The vapour rises up and then cools down to form water drops on the plastic sheet.When there is more and more water, it flows along the sheet to accumulate on the lowest part.Finally, water falls down into the container directly under the middle stone.Thus, water is collected successfully through evaporation from green plants.Pic

In cool climate special attention is given to the use of building materials that have a high thermal mass.Insulation is used on the outside of heavy materials such as concrete, brick or adobe.This kind of material stores heat and slowly releases it while external insulation ensures that all heat absorbed by wall materials is released inside the building.Careful positioning of the building and large windows facing winter sunlight also assist to passively heat the house.The roof has an extreme angle to assist with snow runoff and roof overhang does not interfere with sunlight.Homes in warm climate require the opposite approach.Insulation and reflective roof material aim to keep heat from the sun out.Windows are placed under a wider roof overhang so that they are shaded form direct light in the day and so that cooler night air can move through the house when the windows are open.Map地圖

(pic)

The three diagrams illustrate what the village of Kelsbey looked like in 1780, 1860, and 2000.In 1780, Kelsbey had only 100 homes, but it had a large expense of woods in the eastern part of the village and four plots of farmland in the middle.In the west there was a river running from north to south.The year 1860 saw a doubling of the number of homes but the size of farmland and woods was reduced by half.In the same year, a bridge could be seen over the river and a road was constructed linking the river to the residences.140 years later, the number of homes more than doubled to 500, but farms and woods completely disappeared.Several school buildings and sports facilities were constructed at the south-eastern corner of the village, which were connected with the residential area in the north by a newly-built road.Some shops opened up along the river bank and a large stretch of wetland for birds was established at the southern end of the river.大作文

Body paragraph A

It is first important to realise that art is the key part of cultural legacy;therefore, it is meaningful to conserve the art for the cultural diversity.For example, painting in different culture has a range of styles, genres, tools and materials.If we did not protect it, a form of art would be disappeared.Besides, some work of art such as graffiti, spark people’s imaginations and provide them a novel perspective to view the world.The arts can develop a culture which people pursue art as a hobby.Furthermore, arts also improved the environment attractive, which is reflected in architecture and gardening design.Body paragraph B

Although arts are very important, we observe public facilities should get more subsidy than arts from government.Citizens are more interested in the availability of public facilities, such as, water and electricity supply, schools, libraries and roads, these facilities have a direct impact on their daily lives.By contrast, for most people, sculptures, paintings or operas are luxury items, which cannot bring any tangible benefit to them.Another reason is that the arts can sometimes yield high returns and therefore succeed in receiving business sponsorship.This is particularly the cause when arts include music, movies, operas and creative arts.Therefore, it is pointless to support the use of public funds for this purpose, if basic facilities are underfunded.