第一篇:高考英語語法填空題型總結(jié)
一語法填空
考詞類型:
1.有給詞----動詞:非謂語動詞:不定式,表目的 to do
-ed,被動
-ing,主動
謂語動詞: 時態(tài):看連詞,前后句的時態(tài)。
一般過去時;一般現(xiàn)在時;現(xiàn)在完成時;過去完成時;
現(xiàn)在進行時
語態(tài):被動
形容詞和副詞的比較級:直接加er或est;加 more;better;most;less;least 詞性轉(zhuǎn)換:動詞-名詞-形容詞-副詞
2.沒給詞:冠詞:a;an;復(fù)數(shù);注意大小寫
介詞:固定搭配:to;for;in;as;from;behind;under;without;on
代詞-----人稱代詞:your;her;him;their;
物主代詞:it、不定代詞:other;another;some
連詞----從屬連詞:who;where;that
并列連詞:and;because;so;however;although;yet;since;otherwise;unless方法:
1.語感
2.看缺少哪些成分
3.看句子意思
4.固定搭配:play a role in;pay attention to
固定句子: 強調(diào)句;倒裝句;so/ such…..that…;more… that…
第二篇:2018高考英語語法填空詞性轉(zhuǎn)換經(jīng)典總結(jié)
語法填空詞形轉(zhuǎn)換
A 1.ability [??b?l?t?] n.能力;才能
able [?e?b(?)l] a.能夠;有能力的 1.absence [??bs?ns] n.不在,缺席
absent [??bs?nt] a.缺席,不在3.academic [?k??dem?k] a./ n.學(xué)術(shù)的,教學(xué)的
academy [??k?d?m?] n.專科學(xué)院,(美)私立學(xué)校 4.access [??kses] n./ v.通道,入徑,存取(計算機文件)accessible [?k?ses?b(?)l] a.可到達(dá)的,可接受的 5.achieve [??t?i?v] vt.達(dá)到,取得
achievement [??t?i?vm?nt] n.成就,成績,功績
6.act [?kt] n.法令,條例 v.(戲)表演,扮演(角色),演出(戲);行動,做事
action [??k?(?)n] n.行動
active [??kt?v] a.積極的,主動的activity [?k?t?v?t?] n.活動
7.adapt [??d?pt] v.使適應(yīng),適合,改編
adaptation [?d?p?te??(?)n] n.適應(yīng),改編本 8.adjust [??d??st] v.調(diào)整,調(diào)節(jié),適應(yīng),習(xí)慣
adjustment [??d??stm?nt] n.調(diào)整,適應(yīng) 9.admirable [??dm?r?b(?)l] a.值得贊賞的,可欽佩的 admire [?d?ma??(r)] v.欽佩;羨慕
admission [?d?m??(?)n] n.準(zhǔn)入,接納
admit [?d?m?t] vt.承認(rèn),準(zhǔn)許(入場,入學(xué),入會)
10.advertise [??dv?ta?z] vt.為……做廣告
advertisement [?d?v??t?sm?nt] n.廣告 11.agree [??ɡri?] v.同意;應(yīng)允
agreement [??ɡri?m?nt] n.同意,一致;協(xié)定,協(xié)議 12.amaze [??me?z] v.驚奇,驚嘆;震驚
amazed 感到驚訝的
amazing [??me?z??] a.驚奇,驚嘆的;震驚的 be amazed at 對..感到驚訝
13.amuse [??mju?z] vt.(使人)快樂,逗樂
amused 感到愉快的 學(xué)-*科+/網(wǎng) amusing 令人愉快的
amusement [??mju?zm?nt] n.娛樂
14.analyze/ `?nl,a?z / v.分析 analysis [??n?l?s?s] n.分析,分析結(jié)果 15.anger [???ɡ?(r)] n.怒,憤怒
angry [??nɡr?] a.生氣的,憤怒的16.anxiety [???za??t?] n.擔(dān)憂,焦慮 anxious [???k??s] a.憂慮的,焦急的 17.apologize [??p?l?d?a?z] vi.道歉,謝罪
apology [??p?l?d??] n.道歉;歉意
18.appear [??p??(r)] vi.出現(xiàn)
appearance [??p??r?ns] n.出現(xiàn),露面;容貌
19.application [?pl??ke??(?)n] n.申請
apply [??pla?]v.申請
20.appoint [??p??nt] v.任命,委任,安排 appointment [??p??ntm?nt] n.約會
appreciate [??pri???e?t] v.欣賞; 感激
appreciation [?pri????e??(?)n] n.欣賞,鑒定,評估 21.appropriate [??pr??pr??t] a.合適的,恰當(dāng)?shù)?approximately [?pr?ks??m?tl?] ad.近似,大約 22.argue [?ɑ?ɡju?]vi.爭辯,爭論
argument [?ɑ?ɡj?m?nt] n.爭論,辯論
23.arrange [??re?nd?] v.安排,布置
arrangement [??re?nd?m?nt]n.安排,布置
24.arrival [??ra?v(?)l] n.到來,到達(dá) arrive [??ra?v] vi.到達(dá);-at 小地方,-in大地方 25.assess [??ses] v.評價,評定(性質(zhì),質(zhì)量)assessment [??sesm?nt] n.看法,評價 26.assist [??s?st]v.幫助,協(xié)助
assistance [??s?st(?)ns] n.幫助,援助,支持 assistant [??s?st(?)nt] n.助手,助理
27.associate [??s????e?t] v.聯(lián)想,聯(lián)系
association [?s??s??e??(?)n] n.協(xié)會,社團,聯(lián)系 28.assume [??sju?m;(US)??su?m] v.假定,假設(shè) assumption [??s?mp?(?)n] n.假定,假設(shè) 29.attract [??tr?kt] v.吸引,引起
attraction [??tr?k?(?)n] n.吸引,愛慕 attractive [??tr?kt?v] a.迷人的,有吸引力的
B 1.bad(worse,worst)[b?d] a.壞的;有害的,嚴(yán)重的badly [?b?dl?] ad.壞,惡劣地
2.bath [bɑ?θ;(US)b?θ] n.洗澡;浴室;澡盆
bathe [be?e] vi.洗澡;游泳
3.beautiful [?bju?t?f(?)l] a.美,美麗,美觀的beauty [?bju?t?] n.美麗,美人
4.behave [b??he?v] v.守規(guī)矩,行為
behaviour/ b?`he?vj?r / n.行為,舉止
5.beneficial [ben??f??(?)l] a.有利的,有幫助的,有用的 benefit [?ben?f?t] n./ v.優(yōu)勢,益處,使…受益 6.bored / b?rd / a.(對人,事)厭倦的,煩悶的 boring / `b?r?? / a.乏味的,無聊的7.brave [bre?v] a.勇敢的bravery [?bre?v?r?] n.勇氣
8.breath [breθ] n.氣息;呼吸 breathe [bri?e] vi.呼吸
breathless [?breθl?s] a.氣喘吁吁的,上氣不接下氣的 9.build(built,built)[b?ld] v.建筑;造
building [?b?ld??] n.建筑物;房屋;大樓
C 1.care [ke?(r)] n.照料,保護;小心v.介意……,在乎 careful [?ke?f?l] a.小心,仔細(xì),謹(jǐn)慎的careless [?ke?l?s] a.粗心的,漫不經(jīng)心的2.caution [?k???(?)n] n.謹(jǐn)慎,小心,警告 cautious [?k????s] a.小心的,謹(jǐn)慎的 3.celebrate [?sel?bre?t] v.慶祝
celebration [sel??bre??(?)n] n.慶祝;慶祝會
4.entre 中心
central 中心的
5.certain [?s??t(?)n] a.確定的,無疑的;一定會…… certainly [?s??t?nl?] ad.當(dāng)然;一定,無疑
6.challenge [?t??l?nd?] n.挑戰(zhàn)(性)challenging [?t??l?nd???] a.具有挑戰(zhàn)性的 7.changeable [?t?e?nd??b(?)l] a.易變的,變化無常的 change [t?e?nd?] n.零錢;找頭v.改變,變化;更換; 8.cheer [t???(r)] n.& vi.歡呼; 喝彩
Cheer up [t???(r)-?p] 振作起來!提起精神!cheerful [?t???f?l] a.興高采烈的,快活的 cheers [t???(r)] int.干杯,(口)謝謝,再見 9.chemical [?kem?k(?)l] a.化學(xué)的 n.化學(xué)品
chemist [?kem?st] n.藥劑師;化學(xué)家
chemistry [?kem?str?] n.化學(xué)
學(xué)+-科/+網(wǎng) 10.child(復(fù)children)[t?a?ld] n.孩子,兒童
childhood [?t?a?ldh?d] n.幼年時代,童年
11.civil [?s?v(?)l] a.國內(nèi)的;平民(非軍人)的;民用的 civilian [s??v?l??n] n.平民,老百姓 civilization [s?v?la??ze??(?)n;
n.文明
12.clean [kli?n] vt.弄干凈,擦干凈 a.清潔的,干凈的cleaner [kli?n?(r)] n.清潔工.,清潔器.,清潔劑
13.clear [kl??(r)] a.清晰;明亮的;清楚的clearly [?kl??l?] ad.清楚地,無疑地
14.cloud [?kl??e??] n.云;云狀物;陰影
cloudy [?kla?d?] a.多云的,陰天的15.comfort [?k?mf?t] n.安慰; 慰問
comfortable [?k?mf?t?b(?)l;(US)?k?mf?rt?bl] a.舒服的;安逸的;舒服自在的16.commit [k??m?t] v.犯(罪,錯),自殺 commitment [k??m?tm?nt] n.承諾,允諾,承擔(dān)
17.communicate [k??mju?n?ke?t] v.交際;傳達(dá)(感情,信息等)
communication [k?mju?n??ke??(?)n] n.交際,通訊
18.compete [k?m?pi?t] vi.比賽,競賽
competence [?k?mp?t?ns] n.能力,勝任,管轄權(quán) competition [k?mp??t??(?)n] n.比賽,競賽
competitor [k?m?pet?t?(r)] n.競賽者,比賽者 19.conclude [k?n?klu?d] v.完成,結(jié)束
conclusion [k?n?klu??(?)n] n.結(jié)論;結(jié)束 20.consider [k?n?s?d?(r)] vt.考慮
considerate [k?n?s?d?r?t] a.體貼的
consideration [k?ns?d??re??(?)n] n.考慮;關(guān)心
21.convenience n.convenient adj.方便的 22.construct [k?n?str?kt] v.構(gòu)筑;建造,建設(shè) construction [k?n?str?k?(?)n] n.建造,建設(shè),建筑物
D 1.danger [?de?nd??(r)] n.危險
dangerous [?de?nd??r?s] a.危險的 2.dark [dɑ?k] n.黑暗;暗處;日暮 a.黑暗的;深色的darkness [?dɑ?kn?s] n.黑暗,陰暗
3.die [da?] v.死
dead 死的,無生命的 death [deθ] n.死
4.decide [d??sa?d] v.決定;下決心
decision [d??s??(?)n] n.決定;決心
5.deep [di?p] a.深 ad.深;深厚
deeply [?di?pl?] ad.深深地 depth [depθ] n.深,深度
66.delight [d??la?t] n.快樂;樂事
delighted [di'laitid] a.高興的,快樂的
7.develop [d??vel?p] v.(使)發(fā)展;(使)發(fā)達(dá);(使)發(fā)育;開發(fā) vt.沖洗(照片)
development [d??vel?pm?nt] n.發(fā)展,發(fā)達(dá),發(fā)育,8.devote [d??v??t] vt.把…奉獻,把…專用(于)
devotion [d??v???(?)n] n.奉獻,奉獻精神
9.differ [?d?f?(r)] v.相異,有區(qū)別
difference [?d?fr?ns] n.不同
different [?d?fr?nt] a.不同的,有差異的10.difficult [?d?f?k?lt] a.難;艱難;不易相處
difficulty [?d?f?k?lt?] n.困難,費力
11.disagree [d?s??ɡri?] vi.意見不一致,持不同意見
disagreement [d?s??ɡri?m?nt] n.意見不一致;爭論
12.disappoint [d?s??p??nt]vt.使失望
be disappointed at 感到失望的disappointing令人失望的
disappointment [d?s??p??ntm?nt] n.失望;沮喪 13.discover [d??sk?v?(r)] vt.發(fā)現(xiàn)
discovery [d??sk?v?r?] n.發(fā)現(xiàn)
14.discuss [d?s?k?s] vt.討論,議論
discussion [d?s?k??(?)n] n.討論,辯論 15.distance [?d?st?ns] n.距離
distant [?d?st(?)nt] a.遠(yuǎn)的,遙遠(yuǎn)的
E 1.easy [?i?z?] a.容易的,不費力的easily [?i?z?l?] ad.容易地
2.east [i?st]a.東方;東部的;朝東的; ad.在東方; eastern [?i?st(?)n] a.東方的;東部的3.educate [?edj?ke?t] vt.教育,培養(yǎng)
educator ['edju:keit?(r)] n.教育家
education [edj??ke??(?)n] n.教育,培養(yǎng)
4.engine [?end??n] n.發(fā)動機,引擎
學(xué)+-科/-網(wǎng) engineer [end???n??(r)] n.工程師;技師 5.enjoy [?n?d???] vt.欣賞;享受樂趣;喜歡 enjoyable [?n?d????b(?)l]a.愉快的;有趣的6.equal [?i?kw(?)l] a.平等的 vt.等于,使等于
equality [i??kw?l?t?] n.平等
82.equip [??kw?p] vt.提供設(shè)備;裝備;配備
equipment [??kw?pm?nt] n.裝備,設(shè)備
7.exact [?ɡ?z?kt] a.精確的;確切的exactly [ex'act·ly] ad.精確地;確切地
8.exist [?g'z?st] vi.存在
existence [?ɡ?z?st(?)ns] n.存在;生存;存在物
9.explain [?ks?ple?n] vt.解釋,說明
explanation [ekspl??ne??(?)n] n.解釋,說明
10.express [?k?spres] vt.表達(dá);表情 n.快車,特快專遞
expression [?k?spre?(?)n]n.表達(dá);詞句;表情 11.extreme [?k?stri?m] a.極其的,非常的 extremely [?k?stri?ml?] ad.極其,非常
F 1.fail [fe?l] v.失敗;不及格;衰退
failure [?fe?lj?(r)] n.失敗
2.fair [fe?(r)] a.公平的,合理的 a.(膚色)白皙的;(人)白膚金發(fā)的 n.集市;廟會;展覽會
fairly [?fe?l?] ad.公正地,正當(dāng)?shù)兀幌喈?dāng)(程度)地
fairness ['f??nis] n.公平;公正
3.firm [f??m] n.公司;企業(yè) a.堅固的,堅定的firmly [?f??ml?] ad.牢牢地
4.fluency ['flu?nsi] n.(外語)流利,流暢 fluent [?flu??nt] a.(外語)流利的,流暢 5.fool [fu?l] n.傻子,蠢人
foolish [?fu?l??] a.愚蠢的,傻的
6.foreign [?f?r?n;(US)?f??r?n] a.外國的foreigner [?f?r?n?(r)] n.外國人
7.forget [f??rev?(r)](forgot,forgotten)v.忘記;忘掉
forgetful [f??ɡetf?l] a.健忘的,不留心的8.fortunate [?f??t??n?t] a.幸運的; 僥幸的 fortune [?f??tju?n,?f??t?u?n] n.財產(chǎn);運氣
9.free [fri?] a.自由,空閑的;免費的freedom [?fri?d?m] n.自由
10.friend [frend] n.朋友
friendly [?frendl?] a.友好的friendship [?frend??p] n.友誼,友情
G 1.gift [ɡ?ft] n.贈品;禮物
gifted [?ɡ?ft?d] a.有天賦的;有才華的
2.grow(grew,grown)[ɡr??] v.生長;發(fā)育;種植;變成growth [ɡr??θ] n.生長,增長
3.guidance [?ɡa?d?ns] n.引導(dǎo),指導(dǎo) guide [ɡa?d] n.向?qū)В瑢?dǎo)游者
H 1.happy [?h?p?] a.幸福;快樂的,高興的happily ['h?p?l?] ad.幸福地,快樂地
happiness [?h?p?n?s] n.幸福,愉快
2.hard [hɑ?d] ad.努力地;使勁;猛烈地 a.硬的;困難的;艱難的hardly [?hɑ?dl?] ad.幾乎不
hardship [?hɑ?d??p] n.困難 3.harm [hɑ?m] n.&v.傷害;損傷
harmful [?hɑ?mf?l] a.有害的;致傷的harmless [?hɑ?ml?s] a.無害的;不致傷的 4.health [helθ] n.健康,衛(wèi)生
healthy [?helθ?] a.健康的,健壯的5.heavy [?hev?] a.重的
heavily [?hev?l?] ad.重地,大量地
6.help [help] n.& vt.幫助,幫忙
helpful [?helpf?l] a.有幫助的,有益的7.hope [h??p] n.& v.希望
hopeful [?h??pf?l] a.有希望的;有前途的hopeless a.沒有希望,不可救藥的8.humorous [?hju?m?r?s] a.富于幽默的humour(美humor)['hju:m?] n.幽默,幽默感
9.hunger [?h??ɡ?(r)] n.饑餓
hungry [?h??ɡr?] a.(饑)餓的
I 1.ill [?l] a.有病的;不健康的illness [??ln?s] n.疾病
1.importance [?m?p??t(?)ns] n.重要性
important [?m?p??t?nt] a.重要的 3.imagine vt.想象 imaginary adj.想象的imagination n.想象
4.impossible [?m?p?s?b(?)l] a.不可能的 possible 可能的
5.impress [?m?pres] vt.留下極深的印象
impression [?m?pre?(?)n] n.印象,感覺
6.improve 改善,提高 improvement 7.independent 獨立的 independence 8.instruct [?n?str?kt] vt.通知;指示;教
instruction [?n?str?k?(?)n] n.說明,須知;教導(dǎo)
9.interest [??ntr?st] n.興趣,趣味;利息
interesting [??ntr?t??] a.有趣的interested 感興趣的
10.intelligence 智力,intelligent 聰明的 11.introduce [?ntr??dju?s;(US)-du?s] vt.介紹
introduction [?ntr??d?k?(?)n] n.引進,介紹
12.invent [?n?vent] vt.發(fā)明,創(chuàng)造
invention [?n?ven?(?)n] n.發(fā)明,創(chuàng)造
13.invitation [?nv??te??(?)n] n.邀請,請?zhí)?/p>
invite [?n?va?t] vt.邀請,招待
J 1.judge [d??d?] n.裁判;審判員;法官vt.判斷,斷定
judgement ['d??d?m?nt] n.裁判
2.juice [d?u?s] n.汁、液
學(xué)+-科/+網(wǎng) juicy [d?u?s?] a.多汁的;水分多的
K 1.kind [ka?nd] n.種;類 a.善良,友好的kindness [?ka?ndn?s] n.仁慈;善良
L 1.last [lɑ?st;(US)l?st] a.最近剛過去;最后的ad.最近剛過去;最后地 n.最后v.持續(xù)
late [le?t] a.晚的,遲的ad.晚地,遲地
lately [?le?tl?] ad.最近,不久前
later [?le?t?(r)] a.晚些的,遲些的latest [?le?t?st] a.最近,最新的;最晚的 latter [?l?t?(r)] n.(兩者之中的)后者
2.lazy 懶惰的 lazily 懶惰地 laziness n.懶惰 3.laugh [lɑ?f] n.& v.笑,大笑;嘲笑
laughter [?lɑ?ft?(r);(US)?l?ft?r] n.笑; 笑聲
4.learn(learnt,learnt;--ed--ed)[l??n] vt.學(xué),學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)會
learned [?l??n?d] a.有才華的;博學(xué)的
5.live [l?v] vi.生活;居住;活著 a.活的,活著的;實況,現(xiàn)場(直播)的lively [?la?vl?] a.活潑的;充滿生氣的living [?l?v??] a.活著的 n.生計
6.legal 合法的 illegal 違法的 7.loud [la?d] a.大聲的loudly [la?dl?] ad.大聲地
8.love [l?v] n.& vt.愛;熱愛;很喜歡
lovely [?l?vl?] a.美好的,可愛的9.luck [l?k] n.運氣,好運
lucky [?l?k?] a.運氣好,僥幸
M 1.marriage [?m?r?d?] n.結(jié)婚,婚姻
married [?m?r?d] a.已婚的marry [?m?r?] v.(使)成婚,結(jié)婚
2.memory [?mem?r?] n.回憶,記憶
memorize [?mem?ra?z] v.記憶
3.mental [?ment(?)l] a.精神的;腦力的mentally [?ment?l?] ad.精神上;智力上 4.merciful [?m??s?f?l] a.仁慈的;寬大的mercy [?m??s?] n.憐憫
5.mess [mes] n.凌亂
messy [?mes?] a.亂七八糟的
6.mistake(mistook,mistaken)[m?s?te?k] n.錯誤 vt.弄錯
mistaken [m?s?te?k?n] a.錯誤的7.mix [m?ks] v.混合,攪拌
mixture [?m?kst??(r)] n.混合物
8.move [mu?v] v.移動,搬動,搬家
movement [?mu?vm?nt] n.運動,活動
9.modern 現(xiàn)代的 modernize vt.使現(xiàn)代化 modernization 現(xiàn)代化
N 1.nature [?ne?t??(r)] n.自然,性質(zhì),種類
natural [?n?t??r(?)l] a.自然的 2.nation 國家 national 國家的 nationality 國籍
3.near [n??(r)] a.近的 ad.附近,鄰近prep.在……附近,靠近
nearby [?n??ba?] a.附近的nearly [?n??l?] ad.將近,幾乎
4.necessary 必需的 necessarily 必需地 necessity n.必需品 5.nine [na?n] num.九
ninth [na?nθ] num.第九
6.noise [n??z] n.聲音,噪聲,喧鬧聲
noisily ['n??z?l?] ad.喧鬧地
noisy [?n??z?] a.喧鬧的,嘈雜的7.normal [?n??m(?)l] n.& a.正常的(狀態(tài))abnormal 反常的 normally adv.正常地 8.north [n??θ] a.北的;朝北的;從北來的 ad.向(在,從)北方 n.北;北方;北部
northern [?n??e(?)n] a.北方的,北部的northwards [?n??θw?dz] ad.向北
(學(xué)科)網(wǎng) 9.novel [?n?v(?)l] n.(長篇)小說
novelist [?n?v?l?st] n.小說家
10.nurse [n??s] n.護士;保育員
nursery [?n??s?r?] n.托兒所
nursing [n??s??] n.(職業(yè)性的)保育,護理
O 1.operate[??p?re?t] v.做手術(shù),運轉(zhuǎn);實施,負(fù)責(zé),經(jīng)營,管理
operation [?p??re??(?)n] n.手術(shù),操作
operator [??p?re?t?(r)] n.接線員
2.oppose [??p??z] vt.反對;反抗
opposite [??p?z?t] n.相反,對面 a.相反的,對面的3.organize ['?:g?naiz] vt.組織
organiser(organizer)['?:g?naiz?] n.組織者
organization [??ɡ?na??ze??(?)n]n.組織,機構(gòu)
P 1.pain [pe?n] n.疼痛,疼
painful [?pe?nf?l] a.使痛的,使痛苦的paint [pe?nt] n.油漆 vt.油漆,粉刷,繪畫
painter [?pe?nt?(r)] n.繪畫者,(油)畫家
painting [?pe?nt??] n.油畫,水彩畫
2.part [pɑ?t] n.部分;成分
partly [?pɑ?tl?] ad.部分地,在一定程度上 3.patience n.容忍;耐心
patient [?pe??(?)nt] n.病人,耐心的4.peace [pi?s] n.和平
peaceful [?pi?sf?l] a.和平的,安寧的 5.perform [p??f??m] v.表演,履行;行動
performance [p??f??m] n.演出,表演
performer [p??f??m?(r)] n.表演者,執(zhí)行者
6.person [?p??s(?)n] n.人
personal [?p??s?n(?)l] a.個人的,私人的personnel [p??s??nel] n.全體人員,職員 personally [?p??s?n?l?] ad.就自己而言
7.physical [?f?z?k(?)l] a.身體的;物理的physician [f??z??(?)n] n.(有行醫(yī)執(zhí)照的)醫(yī)生
8.physicist [?f?z?s?st] n.物理學(xué)家
physics [?f?z?ks] n.物理(學(xué))
9.pleasant [?plez?nt] a.令人愉快的,舒適的 please [pli?z] v.請,使人高興,使人滿意
pleased [pli?zd] a.高興的pleasure [pli?zd] n.高興,愉快
10.poem [?p???m] n.詩
poet [?p???t] n.詩人 11.poison [?p??z(?)n] n.毒藥
poisonous [?p??z?n?s] a.有毒的,致命的12.pollute [p??lu?t] vt.污染
pollution [p??lu??(?)n] n.污染
13.possess [p??z??(?)n] vt.占有;擁有
possession [p??ze?(?)n] n.所有,擁有;財產(chǎn),所有物
14.possibility [p?s??b?l?t?] vn.可能,可能性
possible [?p?s?b(?)l] a.可能的15.power [?pa?d?(r)] n.力,動力,電力
powerful [?pa??f?l] a.效力大的,強有力的,強大的16.practical [?pr?kt?k(?)l] a.實際的,適用的practice(s)e [?pr?kt?s] n.練習(xí)
17.prefer [pr??f??(r)] vt.寧愿(選擇),更喜歡 preference [?pref?r?ns] n.選擇,趨向
18.preparation [prep??re??(?)n] n.準(zhǔn)備
prepare [pr??pe?(r)] vt.準(zhǔn)備,預(yù)備,調(diào)制,配制
19.press [?prez?d?nt] vt.壓,按 n.新聞界,出版社
pressure [?pre??(r)] n.壓迫,壓力,壓強
20.probable [?pr?b?b(?)l] a.很可能,很有希望的 probably [?pr?b?b(?)l?] ad.很可能,大概
21.produce [pr??dju?s;(US)-?du?s] vt.生產(chǎn);制造
product [?pr?d?kt] n.產(chǎn)品,制品
production [pr??d?k?(?)n] n.生產(chǎn);制造
22.pronounce [pr??na?ns] vt.發(fā)音
pronunciation [pr?n?ns??e??(?)n] n.發(fā)音
23.proper [?pr?p?(r)] a.恰當(dāng)?shù)模线m的 properly [?pr?p?l?] ad.適當(dāng)?shù)?/p>
24.protect [pr??tekt] vt.保護 protection [pr??tek?(?)n] n.保護
25.proud [pra?d] a.自豪的;驕傲的pride [pra?d] n.自豪,驕傲
26.puzzle [?p?z(?)l] n.難題,(字、畫)謎
puzzled [?p?z(?)l] a.迷惑的,困惑的
R 1.rain [re?n] n.雨,雨水 vi.下雨
rainy [?re?n?] a.下雨的;多雨的2.real [ri?l] a.真實的,確實的reality [r???l?t?] n.現(xiàn)實
realise(美realize)[?r??la?z] vt.認(rèn)識到,實現(xiàn)
really v [?r??l?] ad.真正地;到底;確實
3.reason [?ri?z(?)n] vi.評理,勸說n.理由,原因
reasonable [?ri?z?n?b(?)l] a.合乎情理的 4.refusal [r??fju?z(?)l] n.拒絕
refuse [r??fju?z] vi.拒絕,不愿
5.relate [r??le?t] vi.有關(guān); 涉及
relation [r??le??(?)n] n.關(guān)系; 親屬
relationship [r??le???n??p] n.關(guān)系
relative [?rel?t?v] n.親屬,親戚
6.rely [r??la?] v.依賴,依靠
學(xué)+.科/網(wǎng) reliable [r??la??b(?)l] a.可信賴的,可依靠的 7.religion [r??l?d??n] n.宗教
religious [r??l?d??s] a.宗教的8.require [r??kwa??(r)] vt.需求;要求
requirement [r??kwa??m?nt] n.需要; 要求; 必要的條件
9.reservation [rez??ve??(?)n] n.預(yù)定
reserve [r??z??v] n.& v.儲備;預(yù)定
S 1.sad [s?d] a.(使人)悲傷的sadness [?s?dn?s] n.悲哀,憂傷
2.safe [se?f] a.安全的 n.保險柜
safety [?se?ft?] n.安全,保險
3.sail [se?l] n.航行 v.航行,開航
sailing [?se?l??] n.航海
sailor [?se?l?(r)] n.水手,海員
4.salt [s??lt,s?lt] n.鹽
salty [?s??lt?,?s?lt?] a.鹽的,咸的,含鹽的5.scene [s??n] n.(戲劇、電影等的)一場,場景,布景
scenery [?si?n?r?] n.風(fēng)景,景色,風(fēng)光 6.science [?sa??ns] n.科學(xué),自然科學(xué)
scientific [sa??n?t?f?k] a.科學(xué)的scientist [?sa??nt?st] n.科學(xué)家 7.secure [s??kj??(r)] a.安心的,有把握的,牢靠的security [s??kj??r?t?] n.安全,平安
8.serve [s??v] vt.招待(顧客等),服務(wù)
service [?s??v?s] n.服務(wù)
9.settle [?set(?)l] vi.安家,定居
settlement [?set?lm?nt] n.新拓居地;(美)部落,村落
settler [?setl?(r)] n.移居者,開拓者
10.sick [s?k] a.有病,患病的,(想)嘔吐
sickness [?s?kn?s] n.疾病
11.silence[?sa?l?ns] n.安靜,沉默
silent?sa?l?nt] a.無聲的,無對話的12.simple[?s?mp(?)l] a.簡單的,簡易的simplify[?s?mpl?fa?] v.使簡化,使簡易 simply [?s?mpl?] ad.簡單地,(加強語氣)的確
13.skill [ski?] n.技能,技巧
skilled [ski?] a.熟練的;有技能的
skillful [?sk?lf(?)l]a.熟練,精湛的,靈巧的skillfully ['skilfuli] ad.精湛地,巧妙地
14.sleep [sli?p]n.睡覺
sleep(slept,slept)[sli?p] vi.睡覺
sleepy [sli?p]a.想睡的,困倦的,瞌睡的
15.smell(smelt,smelt 或-ed,-ed)[smel] v.嗅,聞到;發(fā)氣味 n.氣味
smelly [?smel?] a.有臭味的,發(fā)出臭味的16.smoke [sma?l] n.煙 v.冒煙;吸煙
smoker [?sm??k?(r)] n.吸煙者 學(xué)+*科-*網(wǎng) smoking [?sm??k??]n.吸煙,抽煙;冒煙
17.snow [sn??] n.雪 vi.下雪
snowy [?sn???] a.雪(白)的;下雪的;多(積)雪的18.social [?s???(?)l]a.社會的;社交的socialism [?s????l?z(?)m] n.社會主義 socialist [?s????l?st] a.社會主義的society [s??sa??t?]n.社會
19.spirit [?sp?r?t]n.精神
spiritual [?sp?r?t???l]a.精神的; 心靈的 20.strength [stre?θ] n.力量,力氣
strengthen [?stre?θ(?)n] vt.加強,增強
strong [str??;(US)str??ɡ] a.強(壯)的;堅固的;強烈的;堅強的21.succeed [s?k?si?d] vi.成功
success [s?k?ses] n.成功
successful [s?k?sesf?l] a.成功的,有成就的22.suffer [?s?f?(r)] vi.受苦,遭受
suffering [?s?f?r??] n.痛苦,苦難
23.suggest [s??d?est;(US)s?ɡ?d?est] vt.建議,提議
suggestion [s??d?est?(?)n] n.建議
24.sun [s?n] n.太陽,陽光
sunny [?s?n?] a.晴朗的;陽光充足的25.surround [s??ra?nd]vt.圍繞;包圍 surrounding [s??ra?nd??] a.周圍的26.survival [s??va?v(?)l] n.存活,幸存
survive [s??va?v] v.生存,存活,幸免于難
T 1.technical [?tekn?k(?)l] a.技術(shù)的,工藝的technique [?tekn?k(?)l] n.技術(shù);技巧,方法
technology [tek?n?l?d??] n.技術(shù)
2.thank [θ??k] vt.感謝,致謝,道謝 n.(復(fù))感謝,謝意
thankful [?θ??kf?l] a.感謝的,感激的3.theoretical [θ???ret?k(?)l] a.理論的theory [θ???ret?k(?)l] n.理論
4.thirst [θ??d] n.渴; 口渴 thirsty [?θ??st?] a.渴
5.tire [?ta??(r)] vi.使疲勞
tired [?ta??d] a.疲勞的,累的tiresome a.令人厭倦的
6.total [?t??t(?)l] a.總數(shù)的;總括的;完全的,全然的 n.合計,總計 v.合計為
totally [?t?t(?)l?] ad.總合地,完全地
7.tour [t??(r)] n.參觀,觀光,旅行
tourism [?t??r?z(?)m] n.旅游業(yè);觀光
tourist [?t??r?st] vn.旅行者,觀光者
8.tradition [tr??d??(?)n] n.傳統(tǒng),風(fēng)俗 traditional [tr??d??(?)n] a.傳統(tǒng)的,風(fēng)俗的 9.train [tre?n] n.火車 v.培訓(xùn),訓(xùn)練
trainer [tre??n?(r)] n.訓(xùn)練人;教練
training [?tre?n??] n.培訓(xùn)
10.translate [tr?ns?le?t] vt.翻譯
translation [tr?ns?le??(?)n] n.翻譯;譯文
translator [tr?ns'leit?] n.翻譯家,譯者
11.travel [?tr?v(?)l] n.& vi.旅行
traveler [?tr?v?l?(r)] n.旅行者
12.treat [tri?t] vt.對待,看待
treatment [?tri?tm?nt] n.治療,療法
13.trouble [?tr?b(?)l] vt.使苦惱,使憂慮,使麻煩 n.問題,疾病,煩惱,麻煩
troublesome [?tr?b(?)ls?m] a.令人煩惱,討厭
14.true [tru?] a.真的,真實的;忠誠的truly [?tru?l?] ad.真正地,真實地
truth [tru?θ] n.真理,事實,真相,實際 15.type [?ta?p] vt.打字
typist [?ta?p?st] n.打字員
U 1.unfortunate [?n?f??ld] a.不幸的unfortunately [?n?f??tj?n?tl?] ad.不幸地
2.use [ju?z] n.& vt.利用,使用,應(yīng)用 useful [?ju?sf?l] a.有用的,有益的useless [?ju?sl?s] a.無用的user [?ju?z?] n.使用者;用戶
3.usual [?ju????l] a.通常的,平常的usually [?ju????l?] ad.通常,經(jīng)常
4.valuable [?v?lj??b(?)l] a.值錢的,貴重的value [?v?lju?] n.價值,益處
V 1.variety [v??ra??t?] n.種種,種類
various [?ve?r??s] a.各種各樣的,不同的2.violence [?va??l?ns] n.暴力行為
violent [?va??l?nt] a.暴力的3.violin [va???l?n] n.小提琴
violinist [va???l?n?st] n.提琴家,提琴手 4.visit [?vi?z?] n.& vt.參觀,訪問,拜訪
visitor [?v?z?t?(r)] n.訪問者,參觀者
5.wait [we?t] vi.等,等候
waiter [?we?t?(r)] n.(餐廳)男服務(wù)員
waitress [tres] n.女服務(wù)員
6.warm [w??m] a.暖和的,溫暖的;熱情的warmth [w??mθ] n.暖和,溫暖 7.weak [wi?k] a.差的,弱的,淡的weakness [?wi?kn?s] n.軟弱
8.wealth [welθ] n.財產(chǎn),財富
wealthy [?welθ?] a.富的9.week [wi?k] n.星期,周 weekday [?wi?kde?] n.平日
weekend [wi?k?end,?wi?kend] n.周末
weekly [?wi?kl?] a.每周的
10.weigh [we?] vt.稱…的重量,重(若干)
weight [we?t] n.重,重量
11.wind [w?nd] n.風(fēng)
windy [?w?nd?] a.有風(fēng)的,多風(fēng)的12.wisdom [?w?zd?m] n.智慧 學(xué)*科+網(wǎng) wise [wa?z] a.聰明,英明的,有見識的
13.wonder [?w?nd?(r)] v.對…疑惑,感到驚奇,想知道 n.驚訝,驚嘆;奇跡
wonderful [?w?nd?f?l] a.美妙的,精彩的;了不起的;太好了
14.wood [?w?nd?f?l] n.木頭,木材,(復(fù))樹木,森林
wooden [?w?d(?)n] a.木制的15.woo [w?l] l n.羊毛,羊絨
woollen ['wulin] a.羊毛的,羊毛制的
16.work [w??k] n.工作,勞動,事情 vi.工作;(機器、器官等)運轉(zhuǎn),活動
workday ['w?:kdei] n.工作日
worker [?w??k?(r)] n.工人;工作者
workforce ['w?:kf?:s] n.勞動力
workmate ['w?:kf?:s] n.同事;工友
workplace [w??kple?s] n.工作場所,車間
works [w??ks] n.著作,作品
17.worried ['w?r?d /'w?-] a.擔(dān)心的,煩惱的worry [?w?r?] n.& v.煩惱,擔(dān)憂,發(fā)怒,困擾
18.worth [w??θ] a.有…的價值,值得…的worthless [?w??θl?s] a.沒有價值,沒有用的worthwhile [w??θ?wa?l] a.值得做的worthy [w??θ?wa?l] a.值得的
第三篇:2014高考 新課標(biāo)1 英語語法填空2
2014高考 全國卷一
閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(不多于3個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
Are you facing a situation that looks impossible to fix?
In 1969,the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga xkb1River Cleveland, Ohio.It-__61____(be)unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up.The river was so polluted that it ____62____(actual)caught fire and burned.Now, ears later, this river is one of _63___most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.But the river wasn’t changed in a few days __64____even a few months.It took years of work__65______(reduce)the industrial pollution and clean the water.Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is___66_____(clean)than ever.Maybe you are facing an impossible situation.Maybe you leave a habit __67___is driving your family crazy.Possibly you drink too much or don’t know how to control your credit card use.When you face such an impossible situation ,don’t you want a quick fix and something to change immediately?
While there are ___68_______(amaze)stories of instant transformation, for most of us the___69_______(change)are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river.Just be
第四篇:高考英語語法填空和完形填空答疑技巧
高考英語語法填空和完形填空答疑技巧
語法填空還是上下文都要看,綜合起來解答。但是首先要能理解句子的意思,在填空,書上的語法可以沒事看一看,填空跟閱讀理解其實很相似。如果你英語只是英語語法填空做不好就是其他還可以,英語很爛是謙虛了;假如真滴很爛,學(xué)習(xí)英語詞匯比較重要,不一定非要記住寫下來,但是看到會有印象就比較好了,如果高三的話,早讀一定要多讀英語課文,看到一些出現(xiàn)頻率比較高的詞,就把中文意思寫在下面,以后再翻翻看,效果很好吧
1. 文章短,挖空多。《高考考綱》要求文章在200~250個詞的短文中留出20個空白,所以要求學(xué)生在平常做題和老師選題時要注意對文章字?jǐn)?shù)的限制。2. 情景意義選擇為主,語法選擇填空為輔。3. 短文內(nèi)容邏輯性強,文章結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn),層次分明。4. 單詞填空為主,短語或詞組的整體填空為輔。5. 邏輯性強,實詞為主,虛詞為輔。6. 保留提示句。完形填空題主要測試的角度:1.詞義辨析。2.固定搭配。3.語法結(jié)構(gòu)。4.文章的銜接及推理。
完形填空答題角度:(1)從語法角度(2)從詞語用法角度(3)從上下文角度4)從慣用法角度(5)從常識和知識角度。完形填空答題技巧:完形填空主要測驗學(xué)生的語言綜合運用能力,包括基礎(chǔ)知識的掌握和運用,對整個文章邏輯聯(lián)系的理解,在情景中辨析詞義的能力以及詞組短語搭配的使用能力,這是大部分考生認(rèn)為難度最大的考查項目。有些考生的聽力基礎(chǔ)知識部分做得還比較好,但是完形填空卻只能做對一兩道,有的甚至對完形填空產(chǎn)生了恐懼心理,導(dǎo)致全軍覆沒。其實只要我們有信心,有良好的心理素質(zhì),再加上一定的技巧,完形填空并不是不可逾越的鴻溝。首先:從心理上,平心靜氣,不急不急噪
對完形填空心存恐懼,是導(dǎo)致失誤的根本原因,有些考生滿腦子的畏難思想,殊不知這種情緒只會使得自己的全部思想游離題外,根本無法進入思維,還談何理解文章的內(nèi)容呢?所以,集中思想、樹立信心、平心靜氣、去除雜念才是做好完形填空題的保證。
其次:從答題策略上,要把握以下幾方面:瀏覽全文,把握大意;運用語法理順關(guān)系;遇到難詞反復(fù)默念;注意上下連貫,合乎邏輯;細(xì)心檢查避免疏漏。第一:瀏覽全文,把握大意
這是做完形填空的第一步,以快速閱讀的方式瀏覽全文,了解文章大意,抓住主題和關(guān)鍵詞,避免斷章取義,減少解題時的盲目性,這樣可以為解題做好準(zhǔn)備。但在迅速瀏覽全文的過程中,切勿望生詞而卻步,恰恰相反,碰到不明白的地方應(yīng)掠過去,等到填空需要細(xì)讀時再去理會。瀏覽全文能獲得更多的上下文提供的信息,并根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)在邏輯意義、貫穿文章始終的主線以及作者行文的走向,把握文脈,調(diào)整并定位自己的解題思路,從而做出最終的判斷。第二:運用語法理順關(guān)系
語法知識是指導(dǎo)完形填空的法寶,詞匯是根據(jù)語法規(guī)則確定各自的位置,有了語法規(guī)則文章才能有條不紊、順理成章。完形填空題實際上是“形斷意不斷,貌離神不離”,正如藕斷而絲連,語法規(guī)則起到“牽動荷花帶出藕”的功效。如介詞后的代詞必然是賓格;物質(zhì)名詞一般不用復(fù)數(shù);形容詞必須放在不定代詞后;行為動詞的否定和疑問句應(yīng)由助動詞do構(gòu)成;情態(tài)動詞只能與不帶to的動詞連用;另外,語法還包括時態(tài)、語氣、非謂語動詞、關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞、分句、語態(tài)及慣用法等語法現(xiàn)象等。
a)時態(tài):對完形填空中的時態(tài)題的判斷,可以根據(jù)表示時間的信息詞來判斷,也可以根據(jù)上下文提供的信息來判斷。表時間的詞有:since, before, after, already, every since, for a long time, yesterday。
b)語氣:考生認(rèn)為困難的是對虛擬語氣試題的判斷。此類試題一般分兩種情況,一種情況是帶有表虛擬條件句或短句的詞語在問題句中,如without,if等,另一種需要根據(jù)上下文或邏輯關(guān)系來判斷。
c)非謂語動詞:非謂語動詞各自具有不同的語法功能和使用范圍。分詞作定語和表示原因、時間和伴隨狀語;不定式作定語和表示目的和結(jié)果狀語。動名詞可以做賓語、主語、表語或介詞賓語。因此做非謂語動詞的試題,要注意分析其在句中的語法作用,另外還要注意一些詞的固定用法,牢固掌握必須跟動名詞的動詞和必須跟動詞不定式的動詞也是很必要的。
d)替代詞:英語中替代詞很多,既可以用來替代單詞,也可以用來替代詞組、短語或句子。常見的有do, so, one, ones, yours, theirs, this, that, those, he, it, they等。完形填空題借用其語篇優(yōu)勢,常設(shè)有此類題。考生做這類題時,要仔細(xì)分析句子的語義關(guān)系,搞清所替代的內(nèi)容是什么。
e)詞組、習(xí)語和習(xí)慣用法:對于這一類選擇題,不能利用語法知識進行判斷。因此平時的日積月累就十分重要。只有熟悉其意義和用法,才能準(zhǔn)確迅速地做出判斷。識別短語注意搭配一類短語是由動詞+介詞,或動詞+副詞構(gòu)成,在現(xiàn)代英語中,這類詞組很多而且實用性強、結(jié)構(gòu)簡練,使用靈活,表達(dá)生動,如break the ice,look forward to,keep an eye on,catch one’s eye等;還有一類使用極廣的是介詞短語,如with regard to,at the age of等。如果平時能注意詞組、短語的整體記憶,掌握它們的搭配規(guī)律,在做完形填空時就能得心應(yīng)手,減少失誤,提高完形填空的命中率。第三:遇到難詞反復(fù)默念
有時會遇到這樣的情況,大部分詞都填出來了,只有一兩個難詞絞盡腦汁仍不得要領(lǐng),如果考試時間允許,不要輕易放棄,要窮追不舍,先從語法角度考慮,再從邏輯角度考慮是否有隱含意思、作者的情感以及背景文化和習(xí)俗等。有時句子好像什么也不缺,讀上去很完整,就必須考慮,很可能缺的就是連詞and,副詞then、always、sometimes等,如果還未填出,應(yīng)反復(fù)默念幾遍,有些詞就會悄然而至,在你的記憶中浮現(xiàn)出來。第四:注意上下連貫,合乎邏輯
這是從句子結(jié)構(gòu)來考慮。例如:一個空白在兩個句子之間,就要根據(jù)上下文的語境和上下文的關(guān)系,選用并列連詞and,but,or,however, there?鄄fore, while, for 等連接兩個并列句;或用who,which, that,whose,whom, when,where, why 等關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞等連接定語從句,或用 whoever,whatever,what, who,when,where,how,why,if,whether,that 等連接詞連接名詞性從句,或用when,where,because,unless,though,even if,so that 等從屬連詞連接各種狀語從句。如果我們知道它們的基本用法和彼此間的區(qū)別,填上所選詞后句子的意思和結(jié)構(gòu)都完整,上下連貫,把握住語篇的行文邏輯,那么選定最佳答案就不難了。第五:細(xì)心檢查,避免疏漏
全部答案選定后,文章完整了,應(yīng)再從頭至尾讀一遍。這也是最關(guān)鍵的一點,這就要求細(xì)心檢查每一個填空處是否有筆誤或疏漏的地方來調(diào)整答案。有些考生為自己全部填出了而沾沾自喜,根本沒想到不是缺了“'”就是少了“s”,或是忘了加“ed”,這是很可惜的,因為從意思上他是理解了、看懂了題目,但因粗心而大意失荊州,所以細(xì)心檢查,反復(fù)回讀,能夠減少疏漏,提高完形填空的正確率。凡不通之處,必有待推敲的疑點,應(yīng)從意義、語法、行文邏輯等方面仔細(xì)權(quán)衡,加以改正。例如:從語法上,檢查所完成的句子是否主謂一致;時態(tài)、語態(tài)是否正確;名詞、代詞的性、格是否一致;動詞、名詞、形容詞與介詞或副詞等的搭配是否準(zhǔn)確無誤。對于個別難度較大的空項,可以憑著自己的語感,堅持第一感覺選擇的答案。完形填空在不同時段的訓(xùn)練:
在復(fù)習(xí)階段:首先要熟練掌握學(xué)過的全部語法知識,牢記習(xí)慣用法,特別是動詞短語;注意對動詞、名詞、形容詞、副詞等詞匯英語意義的真正理解,要懂得詞匯的內(nèi)含、外延、褒貶及一定的修辭色彩;注意他們的同義詞、近義詞、反義詞及其辨析;其次要有計劃地多做一些完形填空的練習(xí),要有計劃地多閱讀一些短文,增強英文閱讀能力,提高理解能力。
在應(yīng)考階段:拿到完形填空試題后,不要急于動手去做,必須從語法、習(xí)慣用法、內(nèi)容和常識等多方面綜合考慮選項;既要理解文章材料所敘述的表層內(nèi)容信息,又要理解文章材料中的連貫意義、引申意義等深層意義。
以上是我?guī)啄陙硭扇〉慕虒W(xué)方法。希望對我們的以后的教學(xué)和學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)會有幫助,從而會取得令人滿意的結(jié)果。
第五篇:高考英語語法填空與完形填空(技巧+練習(xí))
高考英語語法填空與完形填空(技巧+練習(xí))
高考英語語法填空題
1,語法填空主要考查哪方面的內(nèi)容 2,語法填空命題特點是什么
①語法和詞匯(考試重點)②上下文連貫性(語境)共10個小題 每題1.5分 滿分15分 須在10分鐘內(nèi)完成 短文長度150詞左右 設(shè)空間距15詞左右
每格不一定1個詞(特別是謂語或非謂語動詞形式)側(cè)重語境加語法 語 法 占 關(guān) 鍵
1,名詞;2,代詞;3,數(shù)詞;4,介詞和介詞短語;5,連詞;6,形容詞;7,副詞;8,冠詞;9,動詞;10,時態(tài);11,被動語態(tài);12,非謂語動詞;13,構(gòu)詞法;14,句子種類;15,句子成分;16,簡單句基本句型;17,主謂一致;18,并列復(fù)合句;19,主從復(fù)合句;20,間接引語;21,省略;22,倒裝;23,強調(diào);24,虛擬語氣.語法填空考哪些語法項目
1,閱讀/理解語篇的能力;2,分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)的能力;3,熟練運用語法的能力.語法填空題—能力要求
重在基礎(chǔ)語法和句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析: 從語法角度去考慮,填的是語法詞,包括功能詞和詞形變換兩個方面.不限定一個詞.句子方面,要學(xué)會正確分析句子的結(jié)構(gòu),如主謂賓等;還要會區(qū)分主從句的層次.特別是動詞的成分,是否謂語動詞.語法填空題—解題方向 1.章法4.慣用法 2.句法3.詞法 語 法
語法填空題型的解題思路
語法填空解題技巧(“由大到小”)1,通讀全文,了解大意,把握特征,弄清文脈.2,巧用已知,連線畫圖,降低難度,鋪平道路.3,理解句意,分析結(jié)構(gòu),大膽猜測,各個擊破.4,重讀全篇,仔細(xì)核查,語法正確,語意貫通.5,拼寫正確,書寫規(guī)范,大小寫準(zhǔn)確(注意三寫).根據(jù)語法知識進行填充 根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系進行填充
高考英語語法填空與完形填空技巧
技巧一:名詞形式變化。名詞的形式變化主要有單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)、所有格的變化。
例1:There are many students living atschool,the(child)housesare all far from schoo1. 由 students(是一個復(fù)數(shù)形式的單詞,后面要和他保持一致)可以判斷出橫線處應(yīng)填復(fù)數(shù),且作 為houses的定語,意思是孩子們的房子,所以應(yīng)用其所有格形式,故答案為child的復(fù)合 變化形式—— 復(fù)數(shù)的所有格children’s。
技巧二:動詞形式變化。動詞的形式變化比較多,有謂語的變化(時態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣),有非謂語的變化(不定式、動名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞)。
例2:A talk——(give)tomorrow is written byProfessor Zhang.句中的is是整句的謂語,所 以橫線所在的動詞應(yīng)當(dāng)用作非謂語。從tomorrow(明天)可以看出,報告是“將來”作的,故用不定式(用不定式表將來);且報告是give動作的承受者,故可以判斷出橫線所在處 用give的不定式被動式——to be given。
技巧三:代詞形式變化。代詞形式變化通常是與人稱變化有關(guān)的三大類五小類,即人稱代詞(主格和賓格)、物主代詞(形容詞性和名詞性)、反身代詞。另外還有幾個不定代詞的形式變化,如no one/none、other/another等。
例3:The king decided to see the painterby——(he). 由介詞by可以看出,橫線處應(yīng)填反身 代詞himself。(一般像這樣的句子,看到by并且括號里面給出一個代詞就要想到用 反身代詞)且by后面要加名詞或(動名詞v+ing)或者加反身代詞。
技巧四:形容詞、副詞比較級變化。英語中大部分形容詞和表方式的副詞都有原級、比較級和最高級的變化。構(gòu)成比較級和最高級的方式,或通過加后綴一er和est,或在詞前加more/less和most/least,且形容詞的最高級前面還要加the。
例4:I am——(tall)than Liu Wen.He is the tallest students in myclass. 此題后句交代 了Liu Wen是班上最高的學(xué)生,那“我”肯定比他矮,所以不能用taller,只能用表示程度不 如的“l(fā)ess tall”。看到句子里面含有than就到想到用比較級
技巧五:數(shù)詞形式變化。數(shù)詞的形式變化包括基數(shù)詞、序數(shù)詞,或加后綴一teen、ty的變化,甚至還有作分母用的序數(shù)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式,以及one/two的特殊變化形式 once/twice
例5:To my three sons I leave myseventeen horses.My eldest sonshall take a half,my second son shall take a(three)... 從上下文連續(xù)起來理解,這是一個分馬的計劃,大兒子分得a half,也就是“一半”或“二分之一”,那么二兒子應(yīng)該得“三分之一”,所以要填入作分母的序數(shù) 詞“third”才能命中目標(biāo)。
技巧六:詞的派生。詞的派生現(xiàn)象在英語單詞中是很常見的,派生現(xiàn)象主要發(fā)生在名詞、動詞、形容詞、副詞四種詞中。這種題型還有可能檢測學(xué)生對詞根、前后綴、派生詞的掌握。
例6:Lious lost his wallet yesterday,SO he was very____(happiness). 在這道題中,學(xué)生很容易判斷出該用形容詞,由此可知將happiness 變成happy;錢包丟了,人應(yīng)該是不開 心的,所以要再加個前綴un,就成了unhappy(不開心的)。(一般very后面一定加形容詞)
二、未給單詞提示題型的技巧 此類題難度較大,但也是有方法對付的。
技巧七:固定短語結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)句中橫線前后及整句來判斷橫線前后是否構(gòu)成一個固定短語,但有時要對橫線前或后的幾個單詞“視而不見”才能命中答案。
例7:The children were playing on theground,enjoying____,dirty but happy.
從句中的happy可以 猜出孩子們是開心的,所以應(yīng)用enj0y oneself短語,故其答案為themselves。(由句子里面的were是are的過去式,所以主語the children是復(fù)數(shù),所以后面的反身代詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式,并且enjoy后面加反身代詞是玩得開心的意思)例8:. 如果“跳過”橫線后面的angry,就可以發(fā)現(xiàn)這里用到一個關(guān)聯(lián)短語so as to,所以,so是正解。(so as to是一個固定搭配,要看你自己做題的時候小不小心,有沒有發(fā)現(xiàn))
技巧八:從句引導(dǎo)詞。從句是此題型最為常見的一個方向,主要檢測學(xué)生對引導(dǎo)詞的掌握程度。
例9:He did not done _____ his fatherhad asked him to do. 審題可知,橫線所在為賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞,此引導(dǎo)詞在從句中充當(dāng)賓語,且指物,所以是what。(一般用what來引導(dǎo)賓語從句,關(guān)于賓語從句你的書里有,你去問老師,他會解釋得比較清楚)例10:Those _____ want to go to thevillage must sign here. 經(jīng)過觀察可以判斷橫線所在為定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞,進一步觀察可知先行詞為those,且指人,所以只能填入who(以后如果你看到those那它的后面一定填who)。
技巧九:短語動詞結(jié)構(gòu)。短語動詞是以動詞為中心的兩個或多個詞構(gòu)成的短語,此類短語中往往是動詞與介詞或副詞連用的多些。例11:The US consists ____ fifty states. 根據(jù)常識可知,美國由50個州組成,故橫線處與前一詞組合,表示“由??組成”,所以答案是of。(consist ? of 是一個固定搭配)由。。組成
例12:Mrs.Baker was ill,so her daughter had to ask forleave to take _____ of her. 生病需要人照顧,所以答案是care,與前后詞構(gòu)成take care of是照顧的意思。
技巧十:短語介詞結(jié)構(gòu)。短語介詞即多個詞的組合 起介詞作用的短語,如:except for期望,due to由于。
例13:Mr.Smith took a plane to London ____ of taking atrain. 此題中說到兩種交通工具,所以可以理解此句有“坐??而不是坐??”的意思,故答案為instead,以構(gòu)成介詞短語instead of是而不是的意思。
例14:Just then,he saw a blackboard in _____ of him.細(xì)心觀察,可以看出填入front即可構(gòu)成in front of是在。。前面的意思,此題得解。
技巧十一:連詞、關(guān)聯(lián)短語結(jié)構(gòu)。常用的連詞有and,or,but,so,for,while等,常用的關(guān)聯(lián)短語有both??and,either??or,neither??nor,not only??but also一定要記得,考試時看句子有沒有這樣的結(jié)構(gòu),有的話就填進去等。
例15:Little Wang Jun could not go toschool,_____hisfamily was too poor. 此處表示原因,引導(dǎo)的分句其實是一種解釋說明,不是必然的因果關(guān)系,且前面有逗號隔開,所以填for。
例16:____Marrie and Jannie like going tothe theatre. 橫線處的詞與后面可以構(gòu)成both and,故答案為Both。(以后如果看到這樣的句子,句子里面有and那么就填both,因為both?and是。。兩者都的意思)
技巧十二:冠詞、介詞和常用的副詞。冠詞只能是在a,an,the之間判斷;常用的介詞有in,at,on,before,during等,通常考查固定搭配;副詞的量還是比較多,如:however然而,never從不,yet還沒。。,much很多 等,但一般不會考查.1y形式的方式副詞(見技巧六——形容詞派生副詞的情況)。(一般形容詞后面加上ly就變成副詞,副詞用來修飾動詞或者形容詞來做狀語,就是在句子中動詞+副詞,看到動詞,接著后面給了一個形容詞的這些題,你就把那個形容詞變成副詞)
例17:Jackie likes to drive at____ highspeed.這里考查的是不定冠詞的習(xí)慣用法,答案為a,構(gòu)成at a highspeed,“以高速”開車。
例18:Old Tom’s grand daughter used to visit him_____ Saturday afternoon.Saturday afternoon是指定的某天下午,所以不用介詞in,而用on才是正解。指定具體的哪一天一定要用on)例19:Though Liu Qiang did the same work____ Zhang Wen did,he got a lower pay_比較級_____ Zhang Wen. 第一條橫線可由前面的the same斷出用as(the same ?..as就是。。和。。一樣),第二條橫線則可由lower(更低的,是比較級)斷出比較意義,故答案為than。
例20:It was only one day left,_____,his father had no idea to answerhim. 觀察上下句,可以看出是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,且橫線與前后用逗號隔開,排除but,所以答案是however然而。
技巧十三:上下文中出現(xiàn)的相關(guān)詞。這一招是最為靈活的,但也是最難的。學(xué)生可以根據(jù)上下文關(guān)系和自己積累的知識,填入某個已出現(xiàn)的詞,或其反義詞,或其同類的某個詞。答案的線索可能在本句,可能出現(xiàn)在上下相連的一句,還可能出現(xiàn)在比較遠(yuǎn)的地方——上下段中與此段位置大體相當(dāng)?shù)木渥印H绻摍M線出現(xiàn)在某段的首句,則線索可能在上下段的首句;如果橫線出現(xiàn)在某段的末句,則線索可能在上下段的末句,以此類推。
例21:Tony _注意前后謂語保持一致___ traveling abroad,but dislikes staying home watchingTV. 由第二句話中的dislikes(不喜歡)可以判斷,此橫線處應(yīng)該是填其反義詞likes用一般現(xiàn)在時。做題時要注意觀察句子,因為很多句子都要求前后的謂語保持一致
(一)純空格題
1、缺主語或賓語,一定是填代詞或名詞(多考代詞)。例 I can send a message to Kenya whenever I want to, and __38_ getsthere almost in a second.(茂名一模)解析:and連接前后兩個句子,and后面的句子缺主語,應(yīng)填名詞或代詞;結(jié)合前一分句,不難推知,“馬上可到達(dá)那里”的是themessage,替代the message用代詞it(用it做形式主語)。
2、名詞前是空格,若該名詞前沒有限定詞,很可能是填冠詞his, their等形容詞性物主代詞,或some, any, other(s), another等限定詞。
It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynastywas very anxious to help __33 rice crop grow up quickly.(2008年廣東高考)
解析:名詞rice crop前還沒有限定詞,應(yīng)當(dāng)填限定詞;根據(jù)句意,這個急性子人當(dāng)然是急于使“他的”禾苗長得快,故填形容詞性物主代詞his。(就是你看到名詞前面有一個空要你填,這時你就要想到物主代詞his他的 her她的 their他們的 its動物的它的或some, any, other(s), another等限定詞)
the head of the village was tyingup his horse to my car to pull it to__35_small town some 20 kilometers awaywhere there was a garage.(2007年廣東高考)
解析:因單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞town前還沒有限定詞,應(yīng)填限定詞;根據(jù)句意,是指將車?yán)诫x那里大約有20公里遠(yuǎn)的一個小鎮(zhèn)上去修理,表示“一個”,用不定冠詞,故填a。
3、名詞或代詞前面是空格,而該名詞或代詞在句中不作主語、表語,也不作動詞的賓語時,很可能是填介詞。
[例4] The little boy pulled [33]________ right hand outof the pocket ?(his)
[例5] ? who should have the honors of receiving me 33 a guest in their house.(2007年廣東高考)解析:因a guest在句中不作主語、表語、動詞的賓語,前面一定是填介詞,使其成為該介詞的賓語;又由句意可知,他們“把我當(dāng)作客人”來接待,表示“當(dāng)作”,用介詞as(as是作為或者當(dāng)做的意思例如as a student 作為一名學(xué)生)。
4、若兩個或幾個單詞或短語之間沒有連詞,可能是填連詞。
two world-famous artists, PabloPicasso 34 Candido Portinari, which are worth millions of dollars.解析:因與Pablo Picasso(畢加索)與Candido Portinari(坎迪多?波爾蒂納里)這兩個名詞之間沒有連詞,一定是填連詞;兩者是并列關(guān)系,應(yīng)填and。
All I saw was this beautiful girl,whose smile just melted me 36 almost instantly gave me a completely new senseof what life is all about.(2008年深圳一模)
解析:因melted me和gave me兩個動賓短語之間沒有連詞,一定是填連詞;兩者是并列關(guān)系,故填and。(注意:用and的話,要注意前后的句子或短語的謂語動詞時態(tài)保持一致)這道題里面的melted me和gave me就保持一致。
5、若兩句(一個主謂關(guān)系算一個句子)之間沒有連詞,也沒有分號或句號,一定是填連接詞 I wanted to see as much of the city as possible in the two days 32 I was toreturn to Guangzhou.(2008年廣州一模)解析:因I wanted to?是一個句子,I was to return?也是一個句子,這兩個句子之間沒有連詞,也沒有分號或句號,一定是填連詞;根據(jù)句意和兩句之間的邏輯關(guān)系,可知“參觀這個城市的盡可能多的地方”應(yīng)是在“返回廣州”之前,故填before。
[例9] He was very tired after doing this for a wholeday, 37 he felt very happy?(2008年廣東高考)解析:因He was very tired?是一個句子,he felt very happy?也是一個句子,這兩個句子之間沒有連詞,也沒有分號或句號,一定是填連詞;根據(jù)句意和兩句之間邏輯關(guān)系,可知“干了一整天活累極了”與“感到非常高興”是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,故填but。
6、若結(jié)構(gòu)較完整,空格后的謂語動詞是原形,特別是與上下文時態(tài)不一致或主謂不一致時,很可能是填情態(tài)動詞或表示強調(diào)或倒裝的助動詞(do, does, did等)。[例10] What is acceptable in one country 31 beconsidered extremely rude in another.(珠三角五校聯(lián)考)
解析:句中What is acceptable inone country是主語從句,空格后的be considered是謂語;因其中的be是原形(只有情態(tài)動詞或表示強調(diào)或倒裝的助動詞(do, does, did)加動詞原形),故空格處必定是填情態(tài)動詞或助動詞does(由語境可知是一般現(xiàn)在時,主語是第三人稱單數(shù));由句意及作者的語氣可知,需填表示“可能”的情態(tài)動詞may。
He had no time or energy to playwith his children or talk with his wife, but he ________ bring home a regularsalary.解析:這是一個由but連接的并列句,由前一分句的謂語動詞had是一般過去時可知,后一分句的謂語動詞bring也應(yīng)用一般過去時;可 是,bring卻用的是原形,既與語境的時態(tài)不符,也與主語he不一致,該句不是倒裝句,因此,此處必定是填情態(tài)動詞或表示強調(diào)的助動詞did;由句意和 作者的語氣推測,應(yīng)當(dāng)填對謂語動詞表示強調(diào)的助動詞did(的確)。(用did的原因是句子的had是過去時)
7、若缺狀語,一定是填副詞(在純空中考的可能性不大)。(例句略)
8、由特殊的句式結(jié)構(gòu)來判斷空格應(yīng)填的詞。
(1)由it is?that?強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)形式,判斷填it還是that。(或者it was…that…)
[例12] ?and 40 was onlyafter I heard she became sick that I learned she couldn’t eat MSG(味精)!(廣州一模)
解析:由句式結(jié)構(gòu)可知,本句為強調(diào)句,應(yīng)填it。(2)由倒裝句式判斷,是填構(gòu)成倒裝的條件的only,so, neither, nor, never, hardly, seldom, not, until, had等,還是填do, does, did等。
[例13] _______with hardwork can you expect to get pay rise.解析:由can youexpect to?可知,這是倒裝句,根據(jù)構(gòu)成倒裝的條件可知,應(yīng)填副詞only,因為“only +狀語(with hard work)”放在句首,句子要用倒裝。
(3)由it作形式主語或形式賓語的句式判斷,空格處是否填it。如:
? as 32 took them justthree minutes to steal paintings by two world-famous artists?(2008年佛山二模)
解析:由句式結(jié)構(gòu)可知,這是ittakes, sb.some time to do sth.句型做某事花費某人多少時間,本句的不定式tosteal paintings是真正的主語,空格處填形式主語it。
例: Dating sitesalso make 36 easy to avoid someone whom you are not interested in.(2008年惠州二模)
解析:由句式結(jié)構(gòu)可知,toavoid?是真正的賓語,easy是賓補,空格處應(yīng)填作形式賓語的it。(it easy to do sth做某事狠容易)(4)so /such?that?句型。如:
[例16] This made the goatso jealous___34___it began plotting against(付)thedonkey.(2007年惠州二模)謀劃對
解析:由句式結(jié)構(gòu)可知,這是so?that?句型(如此…以致于…),應(yīng)填that。(5)more?than?(與其說??不如說??,比??更??)句型。
Cynthia is story showsvividly that people remember more how much a manager cares 40 how much he pays.(深圳寶安期末)
解析:由句式結(jié)構(gòu)可知,這是more?than?句型,故填that。句意是與經(jīng)理所給的報酬相比,雇員更銘記于心的是他的關(guān)心。
(二)給出了動詞的試題
1、動詞不在主語或賓語的位置 首先,判斷要填的動詞是謂語動詞還是非謂語動詞。然后按以下兩點進行思考。
若句中沒有別的謂語動詞(主語后面加謂語),或者雖然已有謂語動詞,但需填的動詞與之是并列關(guān)系時,所給動詞就是謂語動詞;若是謂語動詞,就要考慮時態(tài)語態(tài)。
例 His fear of failure ____36____(keep)him from classroom games thatother children played with joyous abandon.(2008年深圳一模)
解析:因主語His fear of failure后沒有別的謂語動詞,需填的動詞應(yīng)為謂語動詞;因主語與keep是主動關(guān)系,應(yīng)用主動語態(tài);由從句謂語動詞played可知,要用一般過去時,故填kept。
That was definitely not an attractive idea so I politelydeclined her invitation, 40(close)my book and walked away.(2008年廣州一模)
解析:雖然句中已有謂語動詞declined,但由and walked可知,所填詞與declined和walked是并列關(guān)系,所以也用一般過去式closed。(你看到句子里面有and的話,記得前后謂語保持一致,所以close是動詞,而walked也是動詞,但是它們的時態(tài)要保持一致,所以填closed)
例 In Logan, three people __38__(take)to a hospital, while otherswere treated at a local clinic.(梅州二模)解析:因主語three people與take是被動關(guān)系,即三個人被送進醫(yī)院,故用被動語態(tài);由were treated可知,要用一般過去時,故填were taken。
若句中已有謂語動詞,又不是并列謂語時,所給動詞就是非謂語動詞。若是非謂語動詞就要確定用—ing形式、—ed形式,還是用不定式形式,確定的方法主要有:
2、作主語或賓語,通常用—ing形式表示習(xí)慣或一般情況,用不定式表示具體的情況。[例21] ?but it is not enough only 35(memorize)rulesfrom a grammar book.(佛山一模)解析:因it是形式主語,后面用不定式作真正的主語,故填to memorize。
[例20] _______(speak)out your inner feeling won’t makeyou feel ashamed, on the contrary? 解析:句中已有謂語won’t make,所以speak應(yīng)為非謂語動詞;(這是判斷非謂語動詞的方法)謂語前面應(yīng)為主語,作主語,表示一般情況,要用動名詞短語,故填Speaking。一般用動詞ing形式做主語
3、作目的狀語或者在形容詞后作狀語,一般用不定式。如:
[例22] _______(complete)the project as planned, we’llhave to work two more hours a day.解析:因句中已有謂語will haveto work,所以complete應(yīng)為非謂語動詞;因“(為了)按計劃完成這項工程”是“我們每天不得不額外多工作兩小時”的目的,作目的狀語,用動詞不定式,故填To complete。(記住:用不定式作目的狀語)
例 Some people say thatoldest children, who are smart and strong-willed, are very likely ___33(succeed).(2008年佛山一模)
解析:因在形容詞likely(很可能的)后作狀語,要用動詞不定式,故填to succeed。固定搭配likely to do sth 很可能做某事
4、作伴隨狀語,常用分詞,與邏輯主語是主動關(guān)系,用現(xiàn)在分詞,是被動關(guān)系,用過去分詞。這樣的題一般要特別注意空格前的逗號。
[例24] He saw the stone, 37(say)to himself: “The nightwill be very dark.”(2008年東莞一模)解析:句中已有謂語saw(所以所給的say是非謂語動詞),所給動詞與saw不是并列關(guān)系,應(yīng)當(dāng)是非謂語動詞;又因He與say是主動關(guān)系,故填saying作伴隨狀語。[例25] The headmaster went into the lab, ________(follow)by the foreign guests.解析:句中已有謂語went,而follow又不是與之并列的,故為非謂語動詞;又因the headmaster與follow是被動關(guān)系,故用過去分詞作伴隨狀語。
5、不論非謂語動詞在句中作何種成分,若判斷需要用分詞,與邏輯主語是主動關(guān)系用—ing形式,是被動關(guān)系用—ed形式。[例26] There will be a meeting, __40__(start)laterthis year to review the film.(2008年廣州二模)解析:因a meeting與start是主動關(guān)系,用現(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語,補充說明a meeting,故填starting。
[例27] Lessons 39(learn)in sports can help us in ourdealing with other people.(廣東考試說明)解析:因句中已有謂語can help,所以learn應(yīng)為非謂語動詞;又因lesson與learn是被動關(guān)系,要用過去分詞短語作定語,故填learned。特別提醒
有時給出的動詞可能既不是謂語動詞也不是非謂語動詞,而是要求詞類轉(zhuǎn)換。
如: [例28] But Jane knew from past experience that her ___36___(choose)ofties hardly ever pleased her father.(2009年廣東)
分析:括號中所給詞choose雖然是動詞,但在句中作主語,且在形容詞性物主代詞后,應(yīng)當(dāng)填choose的名詞形式choice。(her是形容詞性物主代詞,后面加名詞。記住choose是動詞而choice是名詞,即選擇的意思)
(三)詞類轉(zhuǎn)換題
根據(jù)該詞在句子所作句子成分確定用哪種形式。①作表語、定語或補語,通常用形容詞形式。如:
例 The youngster immediately fell________(silence)as tears flew down from his big blue eyes.解析:因在系動詞felt后作表語,用形容詞,故填silent。(系動詞后面一定加形容詞構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu))
[例30] In a ________(danger)part of the seaoff the coast of New Zealand, they learnt to?
解析:在冠詞與名詞之間,要用形容詞,作定語,故填dangerous。(這道題里面a是冠詞thesea off the coast of New Zealand是名詞)
例 Teachers must try their best tomake most of their students ________(interest)in the subject.解析:因所填詞在句中作賓語most of their students的補足語,用形容詞;表示“感興趣”,填interested。(be interested in對?感興趣)
②作主語,或在及物動詞或介詞后作賓語,用名詞形式。
Whenchina’s ancient scientific andtechnological 是形容詞后面加名詞________(achieve)are mentioned,the nation will generally refer to the Four Great Inventions.解析:在時間狀語從句中,要求填的詞作主語,China’s ancient scientific and technological是主語的定語;作主語要用名詞,又由are可知,主語是復(fù)數(shù),故填achievements。
[例31] These people have made great __39(contribute)to China with their work.(茂名二模)解析:在句中作及物動詞have made的賓語,要用名詞形式;表示作貢獻,其前面沒有不定冠詞時,習(xí)慣上用復(fù)數(shù),故填contributions。Great是形容詞,后面加名詞
③在形容詞性物主代詞后,或者在“冠詞(+形容詞)”后,用名詞形式。如: ?the remains date from this periodbecause of their __38__(similar)to those found elsewhere.(2008年廣州二模)解析:在形容詞性物代詞(their)后應(yīng)當(dāng)用名詞,故填similarities。
例 With the large numbers ofstudents, the ________(operate)of the system does involve a certain amount ofactivity.解析:在冠詞后,要用名詞,故填operation。(不定冠詞a an 定冠詞the)
④修飾動詞、形容詞、或整個句子,作狀語,用副詞形式。
如: [例34]As I looked 32(close)at this girl, I fount that?(2008年深圳一模)解析:修飾動詞looked,作狀語,用副詞,故填closely。
[例35] There must be something 40(serious)wrong with our society.(2008潮州期末)解析:要求填的詞修飾形容詞wrong,作狀語,用副詞,故填seriously。副詞修飾動詞,形容詞,句子,做狀語
例 Singles are flocking(涌向)to the Internet 33(main)because theirbusy lifestyles leave them little time?(2008年惠州三模)解析:修飾because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句,修飾整個句子,作狀語,用副詞,故填mainly。
⑤有可能是詞義轉(zhuǎn)換題,詞類不一定要變,主要是考查具有與詞根意義相反的派生詞,需根據(jù)句子意思及前后邏輯關(guān)系,在詞根前加un—, im—等,在詞根后加—less等。如:
例 People certainly have a varietyof reasons for going back to school but one important thing to know is, noknowledge is ________(use).解析:作表語要用形容詞;又由句意可知,作者是表達(dá)“沒有什么知識是無用的”,故填useless(無用的)。
[例38] Your mistake caused a lot of ________(necessary)work in the office.解析:在名詞前作定語,仍用形容詞形式;但根據(jù)句意,“錯誤引起了許多不必要的麻煩事”,故填unnecessary。(of后面加名詞或者動名詞)
⑥括號中所給詞為動詞時,也不一定是考動詞的時態(tài)語態(tài)或非謂語動詞,而是考詞類轉(zhuǎn)換;若是形容詞或副詞,有可能是考查其比較等級。
例 ?therewas a lot of information about the city’swell-known tourist 34(attract)?(2008年廣州一模)解析:盡管attract是動詞,但這是考查詞類轉(zhuǎn)換的;在句中作介詞about的賓語,用名詞,故填attractions。(about后面加名詞或者動名詞)
[例40] The other frog went on jumping as hard ashe could?He jumped even __36_(hard)andfinally made himself out.(2008年期末)解析:聯(lián)系前句,又有even(更加)的提示,可知這里用比較級,故填harder。
四、點睛技巧
語法填空要求考生閱讀一篇短文,然后按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語法性和上下文連貫的要求完成10道語法填空題。做題要求:一是在空格處填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~;二是使用括號中詞語的正確形式填空。1.語法填空的考查范圍(1)語境測試(上下文);
(2)語法測試:動詞、名詞、代詞、冠詞、介詞、固定搭配、情態(tài)動詞、復(fù)合句、形容詞和副詞的比較級與最高級及構(gòu)詞法、倒裝等。①動詞:時態(tài)、語態(tài)、主謂一致、非謂語動詞等;
②引導(dǎo)詞:一些從句的使用,如定語從句、名詞性從句、狀語從句等;
③形容詞、副詞、名詞、動詞之間的詞型、詞性轉(zhuǎn)換,形容詞與副詞的比較級、最高級等; ④介詞:一些常用介詞的基本用法、介詞短語的用法;
⑤名詞、冠詞:注意名詞的單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)、可數(shù)、不可數(shù)以及冠詞的特殊性用法; ⑥代詞:注意代詞所指代的對象和前后對應(yīng)的關(guān)系;
⑦并列詞:and, so, or, otherwise等表示并列、對比的詞,以及表示承接、轉(zhuǎn)折的副詞therefore, however的用法;
⑧句型:要求歸納整理,并且牢固掌握一些基本常用句型,如: not...until...;not only...but(also)...;so...that...;not...but...;as...as...;either...or...;more...than...;neither...nor...;such...that...;hardly...when...;nosooner...than...例 2 The ______ why I was sad wasthat he didn't understand me.解析:因為why 引導(dǎo)的定語從句,前面的先行詞一定是reason。
記住:why前面一定填reason
例5 It would be ______(believe)that such an honest fellow should have betrayed his friends!解析:因為在系動詞be后作表語,要用believe的形容詞形式believable;由句意“這樣一個老實人竟會出賣朋友,關(guān)注奇速英語微信公眾號“qisuen”或騰訊認(rèn)證主編QQ757722345,每天3-5篇免費資源更新。奇速英語,助你更快成功!真難以置信!”可知,還要在前面加上表示相反意義的前綴un,答案為unbelievable。(系動詞后面加形容詞構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu),be是系動詞)
4)根據(jù)固定詞組進行填充,熟練掌握一些常見的詞組,如as a matter of, be proud of, bythe way, come from, congratulate?on?, devote?to?, earn one’s living, keep one’s word, make up one’s mind等,對解題很有幫助。
5)根據(jù)句型搭配進行填,就是根據(jù)一些常用的句型搭配,如so/such?that?, it is?(for sb.)to do sth., There is no doubt that?, there is no sensein doing sth.等來解題。
完型填空 know知道;熟悉 learn 聽說;認(rèn)識到;了解 notice 注意到 sound 泛指各種聲音 cry,voice,shout一般都指人的聲音 noise 指噪音 3 take place 預(yù)料中的發(fā)生;happen意料外的發(fā)生 ;occur 兩者兼有 anxious渴望的(eager);擔(dān)心的(worried)hurried匆忙的 nervous 神經(jīng)緊張的5 admire oneself自我欣賞 enjoy oneself玩得高興 6 fun和joke都有開玩笑之意,fun不可數(shù),joke是可數(shù)名詞、前面要加不定冠詞 a play /a joke on sb.開某人的玩笑;a practical joke=atrick惡作劇;play a trick on sb.捉弄某人。wonder想知道 ;imagine想象; notice 注意到;examine 考查 means[常用作單]方法;手段,工具;a means to an end達(dá)到目的方法;method方法、辦法,與way 可以替換使用。path 小路;人行道 road公路way 道路 the way to the station idea 主意;意見 opinion 意見;見解suggestion可數(shù) advice不可數(shù) tip n.告誡,提示;勸告 11 examine 檢查;診察;審查,目的在于想了解有關(guān)的情況;check核實,檢查,目的在于判斷正誤或是否正常;search搜查
12instead/however都作副詞時,instead“而是”含有某種對比,however“可是”“仍然”含有“轉(zhuǎn)折”“讓步”的意思。
13journey長途旅行 travel廣義的旅行 trip旅行(一次來回)a round trip 14 courage勇氣spirit 精神 strength力氣、introduce sb.to sth.把某事介紹給某人 explain sth.to sb.向某人解釋某事 help oneself to 擅自帶走;自用
16參加 take part in join /join in attend competein/ for/against 控告 accuse sb.of charge sb.With
建議 advise suggest recommend urgepropose demand(persuade 說服)花費sth/doing sth+cost sb+spend+ in doing sth Sb+afford +n/to do sth
高考重大信息解讀
語篇型語法填空題的形式為:在一篇200詞左右的語篇(短文或?qū)υ挘┲辛舫?0處空白,部分空白的后面給出單詞的基本形式,要求考生根據(jù)上下文填寫空白處所需的內(nèi)容或所提供單詞的正確形式,所填寫詞語不得多于3個單詞。考生須靈活運用語法知識,如單詞詞性、動詞時態(tài)、名詞單復(fù)數(shù)、連接詞、代詞、冠詞等判斷各空白處應(yīng)填寫的內(nèi)容。
語法填空練習(xí)(附答案)閱讀下面短文,根據(jù)上下文填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~語,或使用括號中的詞語的適當(dāng)形式填空,并將答案填寫在答題卡上標(biāo)號的相應(yīng)位置。
一、The Internet has become part of young people’s life.____1____report shows that 38% of students often use the Internet.Most of them get_____2____(use)information on the Internet ____3____ use the Internet to helpin their studies.But many students don’t use it _____4____ a good way.Someplay games too much, some visit websites ____5____ shouldn’t look at.So badthings may happen ____6___ students spend too much time on the Internet._____7____ isimportant for students to use the Internet properly.Now we have a textbook,_____8____ uses many examples to teach students some good ways to use theInternet.It gives useful advice.Some studentsalso make ____9____ on the Internet.But if you want to have a face-to-face____10_____(meet)with your online friends, let your parents know and meet ina proper place.二、Rivers are oneof our most important natural resources.Many of the world’s great _____1____are located on rivers, and almost ____2_____ country has at least one riverflowing through it that plays _____3_____ important part in the lives of itspeople.Since thebeginning of history, people _____4_____(use)rivers for transportation.Thelongest one in the United Statesis the Mississippi, and the lifeline of Egypt is the Nile._____5_____ transportation, rivers give water to drink, water for crops, andchances for fun and recreation for the people _____6___ live along their banks.However, largecities and industries that are located on rivers often make problems.As thecities grow ____7_____ size and industries increase in number, the water in therivers becomes _____8_____(pollute)with chemicals and other materials.Peopleare learning the _____9_____(important)of doing more to keep their riversclean ____10______ they want to enjoy the benefits of this natural resource.三、Liu Xiang wasthe first Asian ______1_____(win)the men’s 110m hurdles at the Olympics in Athens.______2____that he became an idol(偶像)to the young people.“I neverthought I would run under 13 seconds and break the Olympic ____3____.”said LiuXiang in tears, “I am very very excited.I’m proud not just for myself and forChinese ____4____ for Asia.My race went______5_____(wonderful)from start to finish.” Liu added.“It is _____6_____amazing experience being the Olympic champion.I want to thank my coach and myfriends for _____7____their help.I think today we Chinese have showed theworld we ____8_____ run as fast as anybody else.”
Since hisreturn from Athens,Liu Xiang has been at the center of a media circusand he has been to many pressappearances and meetings.____9____ Liu thinks 2004 is just the beginning, andhe expects to be at his peak in the 2008 Beijing Olympics.Liu said, “For someplayers, it’s just a job.For me, it’s ____10____ I love.”
四、Will _____1____ matter if you don’t take your breakfast? Recently a test_____2_____(give)in the United Sates.Those tests included people ofdifferent _____3_____ from 12 to 83.During the experiment, these people were givenall kinds of breakfasts, and sometimes they got ______4______ breakfast at all.Special tests were set up to see ______5_____ well their bodies worked and whenthey had eaten _______6_____ certain kind of breakfast.The results show thatif a person eats a proper breakfast, he or she will work with better effect_____7______ if he or she has no breakfast.This fact appears to be______8______(especial)true if a person works _____9____ his brains.Forexample, if a student eats fruit, eggs, bread and milk before going to school,he will learn more quickly and listen with _____10____(much)attention inclass.五、Enough sleep isimportant to health.The amount of sleep needed _____1_____ on the age of theperson and the conditions in ______2____ sleep takes place.The young may needmore sleep than _____3_____ old, but usually eight hours are enough for thehealth of grown-ups.Some can do with _____4_____ than this amount, but othersmay need more.Every person knows his own need._____5_____ is then a matter ofgood judgment to satisfy his need.Sleep _____6_____ always be enough to makeone bring back his ______7____(strong)and get ready for a day’s work.Fresh air isnecessary to sound sleep.So it is not ______8_____ reason for some people to thinkthat it is practicable to sleep in the open air.A bath at bedtime, _____9_____hot nor cool but of body temperature, may be helpful to sleep.Sleepproducingdrug(幫助睡眠的藥物)should never be taken except when_______10_____(suggest)by a doctor.六、Snake disheshave become popular _____1___ recent years.Snake meat in various flavors(風(fēng)味)is often seen in restaurant ads.Eating snake seems to be now in vogue(盛行),and if you haven’t eaten snake yet, you ____2___(consider)“out of date”.But Iwonder______3___ all the trends are worth following.Some people maydefend themselves ____4_____ saying that snake meat is nutritious.But thesepeople don’t realize that many parasites(寄生蟲),____5_____do harm to our health, are found inside snakes.According _____6____a survey, about 1000 tons of snakes are eaten every year in China andsometimes as ______7____ as 10 tons of snakes are served on dinner tables inShenzhen in a single day!These figureswarns us that if no action is taken, _____8____ number of snakes will drop andmake an increase in mice and worms population, which will ____9_____ in adecrease(減產(chǎn))of crop output.Who will see suchtragedy happen? So let’s startnot to eat snakes any more because “to protect the snake is to protect_____10_____.”
七、A few yearsago, SARS ____1____ out in the mainland of China, causing some people_____2_____(kill)or nearly got close to death.The situation was so severethat there was_____3___ time to debate who is to blame.The most importantthing for the government to do is to find out the ______4____ of this deadlydisease.They invited all the most _____5______(experience)experts in thisfield to discuss and quite a few suggestions were put forward.Some of the topexperts then tested them to see _____6____ they were available.Doctor ZhongNanshan chose one patient who was seriously ill and had little hope_____7____picking up and had the new medicine tested on him._____8_____ his great joy,this patient recovered!He made his way to his office and telephoned the topofficial, _____9____(tell)him this exciting news.For convenience, he movedto live in his office.His method did make sense.Not soon after that, the____10____ hospitals also controlled this terrible disease and kicked it outfinally.八、I asked myuncle, who plays ____1_____ piano well, _____2____ he would assess(評定)the tone of a second hand piano I was hoping to buy.We arrived _____3____ thehouse and Uncle Frank looked the piano over, then _____4____(sit)down andplayed a mixture of honky-tonk numbers and classical pieces.When he finished,we told the family that we would call _____5_____ in 15 minutes.Outside, UncleFrank said that ______6_____ the wood was battered(壞掉的),thesound was good and we should buy it.When I phonedthe woman back, she sounded as if she was crying.______7____(concern), Iasked, “What’s the matter?”
“We didn’t knowthe piano _____8______ play like that,” she replied.The piano wasn’t_____9_____ sale, and her daughter had to resume(重新開始)taking piano _____10_____.九、In NorthAmerica people are always in ____1____ hurry.Children have special lessons orsports activities _____2_____ school.Parents often work late and ______3_____get home until 7 or 8 o’clock at night.Most North American families don’t havetime to prepare a meal.That is ______4_____ fast food is so popular in North America.People _____5_____ about 40% of theirdollars on fast food.People usuallybuy fast food from restaurant chains such as Pizza Hut, McDonald’s, or KFC,_____6____they can enjoy pizza, sandwiches, fried chicken, and so on.Fast food saveswork and time, but it is not ______7_____(nutrition).Fast food ispopular in many countries.American fast-food companies now have restaurantsall over the world.But not _____8_____ is happy about the spread(擴展)of North American fast food.A group of people in Italy want to fight _____9____ thespread of American fast food.They don’t like the idea of more fast food chains______10______(open)restaurants in their country.十、Many peoplekeep small fish ____1____ pets.They keep them in a tank of water.The tank ismade of glass.People can _____2____ through it.They can see inside the tankand watch the fish.The fish needroom.They mustn’t be crowded.They need ____3____ to breathe.______4____ mustbe enough water for all fish.So the size of the tank is very important.In thetank people put small plants _____5_____ are good for fish.They give oxygen tothe water.Plants help in other ways, too.They can hide _____6____ the plantsand sleep, lay eggs there.The fish ____7____ be kept in water all the time.Some can jump high.So the tank should be covered.This keeps the fish_____8_____(jump)out.The fish needfood and should be fed every day.But ______9____ you give them too much food,it is very bad, for the extra food will fall to the bottom and make the waterdirty.So the fish should get just enough food and finish _____10____ in tenminutes.Nothing should be left.參考答案
一、1 A 2 useful3 and 4 in 5 they 6if 7 It 8 which 9 friends 10 meeting
二、1 cities 2 every/each 3 an 4 have used 5 Besides 6 who 7 in 8 polluted 9 importance 10 if
三、1 to win 2 After 3 record 4 but(also)5 wonderfully 6 an 7 all 8can 9 But 10 what
四、1 it 2 was given 3 ages 4 no 5 how 6 a 7 than 8 especially 7 9 with 10 more
五、1 depends 2 which 3 the 4 less 5 It 6 should 7 strength 8 without9 neither 10 suggested
六、1 in 2 are considered 3if/whether 4 by 5 which 6 to 7 many 8 the 9 result 10 ourselves
七、1 broke 2 to be killed 3 no 4 cause 5 experienced 6 whether/if 7of 8 To 9 telling 10 other
八、1 the 2 whether/if 3 at 4 sat 5 them 6 though/although 7Concerned 8 could/should 9 for 10 lessons
九、1 a 2 after 3don’t 4 why 5 spend 6 where 7 nutritious 8 everyone/everybody 9 against 10opening
十、1 as 2 look 3 oxygen 4 There 5 that/which 6 among 7 must/should 8jumping 9 if 10 it