第一篇：2014中考英語語法知識點總結(jié)：動詞語態(tài)

2014中考英語語法知識點總結(jié)：動詞語態(tài)

和時態(tài)一樣，語態(tài)也是動詞的一種形式，用來說明句中主語和謂語的關(guān)系。如果動作由主語執(zhí)行，就可使用主動語態(tài)，如果主語不是由主語執(zhí)行，主語是動作的承受者，則可使用被動語態(tài)。由此我們可以看出英語動詞有兩種語態(tài)：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。

被動語態(tài)：表示主語是動作的承受者，什么事情被主語做。被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成和形式被動語態(tài)由“助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成，一定要記住是及物動詞。助動詞必須與主語的人稱和數(shù)一致，注意要與我們前一講學(xué)過的八個時態(tài)配合使用。

適合被動語態(tài)的情況：

不知道動作由誰發(fā)出，或由于某種原因沒有必要說明誰發(fā)出動作。如： This table is made of wood.需要突出或強調(diào)動作的承受者時，如： This park was built for children.注意：主動句中的主語如果是people，they，somebody等含糊的表示“人或人們”，沒有確指執(zhí)行者是誰，為被動句時，通常省略“by+執(zhí)行者”。如：The door was opened secretly.But nobody came in.注意：在主動句里,不定式在make，see，hear等動詞后面作賓語補足語時都不帶to，但變成被動句時，后面的不定式都需帶to。如：He was made to do that work.主動語態(tài)不能變被動語態(tài)的情況：學(xué)了被動語態(tài)，別以為主動句和被動句可以隨意轉(zhuǎn)換，千萬要注意呀!有些主動語態(tài)不能轉(zhuǎn)換成被動語態(tài)。當(dāng)賓語是反身代詞時, 如：You should take care of yourself.當(dāng)謂語是表狀態(tài)的而不是表具體動作的及物動詞時，如：Does the skirt suit you?

第二篇：高三英語語法復(fù)習(xí)教案-動詞時態(tài)語態(tài)

高三英語語法復(fù)習(xí)教案-動詞時態(tài)語態(tài) 【時態(tài)的基本概念】

時態(tài)是表示謂語動作時間概念的動詞形式。英語中的時態(tài)專指謂語動詞而言，不同時間概念的謂語動作有不同的時態(tài)，每一個時態(tài)又有各自不同的動詞形式。高中階段要求學(xué)生熟練掌握八種時態(tài)，此外現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時在高中教材中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)，也應(yīng)列入“應(yīng)知應(yīng)會”的范圍。

1.一般現(xiàn)在時：經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作或規(guī)律性的動作。

Each person needs water and a diet of healthy food.(P.2, Senior Book1B)The moon travels round the earth once every month.(P.8, Senior Book2B)在時間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來的概念。引起時間狀語從句的連詞有：when, after, before, until, as soon as；引起條件狀語從句的連詞有：if, unless;so(as)long as。

I will not stop my fight against slavery until all slaves are free.(P.52, Senior Book1A)2.一般過去時：過去發(fā)生過了的動作，這個動作的全過程已經(jīng)結(jié)束。諸如yesterday, last… …ago都是典型的一般過去時的時間狀語。

Fortunately, I was in time for the interview.(P.34, Senior Book2B)The interview went well and I told the company about my experiences and answered their questions as honestly as I could.(P.34, Senior Book2B)3.一般將來時：將要發(fā)生的動作。----It's a bit windy today, isn't it?----Yes, it is.Hopefully tomorrow will turn out fine.(P.43, senior Book2B)Besides, you will not find coral near the mouths of rivers either because the river water has too much soil in it or because it is polluted.(P.20, Senior Book2B)Do you think our manager is going to have a new factory built?(P.24, Senior Book2B)4.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時：說話時正在發(fā)生的動作。

I'm doing a word puzzle in this newspaper.I'm trying to find the name of a famous person.Can you help me?(P.1, Senior Book2B)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時同always配合使用時，帶有厭惡、批評，不喜歡等感情色彩。

They also have bad teeth, because of the sugar which they are always eating.(P.3, Senior Book1B)5.過去進(jìn)行時:過去某一時間或某段時間正在進(jìn)行的動作。

He bought a coffee and as the train was traveling fast and moving from side to side , he decided to drink it there and not to carry it back to his seat.(P.32, Senior Book2B)Over 500 people were working in the building when the fire broke out on the 11th floor.(P.6, Senior Book1B)6.現(xiàn)在完成時：與現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系的過去的動作。

Mr.Ball has just called on Mrs.Zhu to give her a message.(P.13, Senior Book2B)同現(xiàn)在的聯(lián)系是：“剛剛探訪了朱夫人，給她帶了口信”，這件事距現(xiàn)在時間很近，沒有多長時間。

We shall have to make a decision about Ms King, whose story I have just told you.(P.19, Senior Book1B)同現(xiàn)在的聯(lián)系是：現(xiàn)在你們已經(jīng)知道有關(guān)她的經(jīng)歷，不會影響做出決定。

7.過去完成時：比過去的一個參照動作或時間更早的動作，作為參照的過去的動作或時間有時在句子中直接表述出來，有時通過上下文暗示。Her parents were dead and had left her a lot of money.(P.14, Senior Book2B)本句中had left her a lot of money 發(fā)生在her parents were dead之前，比較容易看出“過去的過去”，應(yīng)該不會產(chǎn)生理解上的困難。

Einstein had always been fond of music and had learnt music as a young boy.(P.3, Senior Book2B)課文一直在敘述愛因斯坦的經(jīng)歷、成就，使用的都是一般過去時。或者我們可以說一般過去時是課文的基礎(chǔ)時態(tài)。課文的最后又倒敘愛因斯坦少年時代的事情，這是比基礎(chǔ)時態(tài)一般過去時更早的動作，因此兩個并列的謂語動詞都用過去完成時。在這類句子中，作為參照的動作或時間需要我們通過對文章的整體理解才能體會出來。

8.過去將來時：以過去某一時間為參照，將要發(fā)生的動作。在賓語從句中由于時態(tài)呼應(yīng)的要求，經(jīng)常會用到過去將來時。

I thought it was going to be fun.(P.54, Senior Book1A)針對 I thought 這個過去的動作而言的將來。

9.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時： 由過去開始，延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并且可能繼續(xù)進(jìn)行的動作。現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時在句子中一般可以翻譯成“一直┉”。

People have been talking of it a lot recently.(P.25, Senior Book2B)最近人們一直在大量地談?wù)撨@件事。

Pippa's parents have been waiting for them.(P.61, Senior Book2A)Pippa的父母一直在等他們。

For years we have been dreaming better housing and jobs.(P.37, Senior Book2B)多年來我們一直夢想著更好的住房和工作。【相關(guān)知識及運用】

1.一般過去時、現(xiàn)在完成時、過去完成時的區(qū)別。

上述三個時態(tài)在使用中容易混淆是因為他們有相近的地方，這個相近之處就是“過去”。現(xiàn)在完成時和過去完成時的概念都同“過去”有關(guān)，彼此之間的混淆便由此產(chǎn)生。只有抓住他們的不同，才能熟練地將這三種時態(tài)區(qū)別開。①一般過去時只用以陳述過去發(fā)生過的事情。

In a poor district in Paris, in the year 1775, there was a wine shop, the owner of which was Monsieur Defarge.(P.56, Senior Book2B)向讀者陳述1775年所發(fā)生的故事的地點、人物等有關(guān)信息。②現(xiàn)在完成時表達(dá)的動作雖然發(fā)生在過去，但說話時要強調(diào)的是這個過去的動作與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)系，語意的重心著眼于現(xiàn)在。這種過去的動作同現(xiàn)在的聯(lián)系有兩種情況： a)過去的動作對現(xiàn)在仍具有影響。

----Would you go to see the film with me this evening?----Sorry, I have seen it before.have seen the film的動作肯定發(fā)生在過去，對現(xiàn)在的影響是“我不想和你去看了”。b)過去的動作延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。表示這種延續(xù)時經(jīng)常會用到for、since一類時間狀語。I have worked in Beijing since I graduated from the university.(從畢業(yè)一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在)We have lived in Beijing for about 20 years.(20年前發(fā)生的 “l(fā)ive”，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在)③過去完成時必須有一個過去的動作作為參照點，由此發(fā)生了同一般過去時混淆的問題。過去完成時是一種相對的時態(tài)，它必須有一個過去的動作為參照，比這個過去的參照動作更早的動作才能用過去完成時。如果沒有這個過去的參照的動作，就沒有過去完成時，即使是一億年前的動作也是一般過去時。

When I got to the cinema, the film had begun.got to the cinema是過去的動作，had begun則發(fā)生在got to the cinema 之前。進(jìn)行時態(tài)的兩種概念

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時和過去進(jìn)行時都具有兩種不同的時間概念：瞬間概念和階段概念。

①現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的瞬間概念就是“說話的時候”。表示瞬間概念時，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的時態(tài)特點是，動作已經(jīng)開始，正在過程中，但尚未結(jié)束。

基于這一特點，下列句子通常用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時，以表達(dá)動作沒有結(jié)束。Our country is getting stronger and stronger.I'm getting on well with my English.過去進(jìn)行時的瞬間概念通常用表示“點時間”的時間狀語表達(dá)出來。I was doing my homework this time yesterday.Mother was cooking when I came home.②階段概念的時間狀語是“段時間”，表示在一段時間內(nèi)一直在做的動作，至于動作是否結(jié)束則不是說話者所關(guān)心的。

He is writing a new novel these days.這些天他一直在寫一本新小說。（沒有干其他的事情）The workers were building a bridge last year.這些工人們?nèi)ツ暌恢痹谛藿ㄒ蛔鶚颉?.將來時的五種動詞形式

1.will(shall)+動詞原形，用以表示“預(yù)見”和“主觀意圖” Go through the gate and you will find the entrance to Bear Country on the other side.(P1, Senior Book2A)（表示“預(yù)見”）

Let's go together then.I will meet you at the theatre at six-thirty.(P.19, Senior Book2A)

(表示“主觀意圖)2.be going to + 動詞原形，用以表示”打算做某事“或”已經(jīng)有跡象將要發(fā)生的情況。I'm going to cut this tree down.(P.25, Senior Book1B)It is going to rain.(有跡象表明將要下雨)3.be to +動詞原形，用以表示按照計劃、安排即將發(fā)生的動作或表示命令、禁止。

The message is this: you are to go to the hotel where rooms have already been booked for you.(P.33, Senior Book2B)4.will be doing，在當(dāng)代英語中用以表示純粹的將來。Who will be taking over her job? Everybody else will be wearing jewellery.(P.13, Senior Book1B)5.用進(jìn)行時的動詞形式表示將來的概念。這種用法通常僅限于瞬間動詞，因為瞬間動詞不可能有“進(jìn)行”的概念，所以不會產(chǎn)生歧義。

How many of you are making the trip?(P.9, Senior Book1B)Is anybody seeing you off?(P.13 Senior Book1A)

【語態(tài)的基本概念】 語態(tài)是表示主語、謂語和賓語之間相互關(guān)系的動詞形式。在英語中有主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)之分。

主動語態(tài)所表達(dá)的主、謂、賓之間的關(guān)系是：主語發(fā)出或執(zhí)行謂語動作，謂語動作的對象或承受者為賓語。即主語同謂語具有語意上的邏輯關(guān)系，謂語同賓語具有語意上的邏輯關(guān)系。被動語態(tài)所表達(dá)的關(guān)系是：動作的承受者做句子的主語，這時句子的主語和謂語之間具有邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系。Satellites for broadcasting are used to send radio and TV programmes from one part of the world to another.(P.8, Senior Book2B)謂語動詞use同主語satellites for broadcasting具有邏輯動賓關(guān)系，因此使用被動語態(tài)。我們可以將這個句子恢復(fù)成正常的主、謂、賓關(guān)系：

We use satellites for broadcasting to send radio and TV programmes from one part of the world to another.【相關(guān)知識及運用】

1.被動語態(tài)的動詞形式問題： 在語言實踐中，語態(tài)和時態(tài)總是結(jié)合在一起使用，每一個時態(tài)都有同它相對應(yīng)的被動語態(tài)形式。

被動語態(tài)的基本形式：語態(tài)助動詞be + 過去分詞。

凡需進(jìn)行時態(tài)變化時，只將be 變?yōu)榕c其相應(yīng)的時態(tài)形式，過去分詞永遠(yuǎn)不變。

動詞do 的時態(tài)、語態(tài)形式變化對照表

主動語態(tài) 被動語態(tài)

一般現(xiàn)在時 do(does)am(is, are)+ done 一般過去時 did was(were)+ done 一般將來時 will(shall)do will be + done 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時 am(is are)doing am(is,are)being+done 過去進(jìn)行時 was(were)doing was(were)being+done 現(xiàn)在完成時 have(has)done have(has)been+done 過去完成時 had done had been+done 過去將來時 would do would be + done 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時 have(has)been doing 沒有被動形式 過去完成進(jìn)行時 Had been doing 沒有被動形式

Many of them are well received, such as Follow Me;Follow Me to Science.(P.46, Senior Book1A)Ships and planes can be warned so that they can keep out of the path of the hurricane.(P.9, Senior Book2B)They are already being used in agriculture and industry.(P.26, Senior Book2B)Computer will be used more and more in transport.(P.26, Senior Book2B)A new government programme has been designed to help disabled people.(P.46, Senior Book2B)2.高考試題實例分析 直接考查時態(tài)、語態(tài)知識的試題主要體現(xiàn)在單項選擇和改錯兩個題型中，而且?guī)缀趺磕甓紩嫉剑虼吮仨殞r態(tài)、語態(tài)問題作為復(fù)習(xí)的重點內(nèi)容，務(wù)求達(dá)到深刻理解，熟練運用。近年來高考命題的特點是，在特定的語言環(huán)境中考查對時態(tài)、語態(tài)的理解。試題的意圖往往隱蔽、迂回，迷惑項的設(shè)計技巧很高，容易干擾考生的思維。如果沒有對時態(tài)概念的深刻理解，沒有對語言應(yīng)用環(huán)境的綜合分析，便會對試題感到困惑。下列試題可以幫助我們領(lǐng)悟高考命題的趨勢。例1：

Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology ______ so rapidly.（2001年高考試題）

A.is changing

B.has changed

C.will have changed

D.will change 答案為A。試題沒有把考查的意圖定位于對時態(tài)概念的簡單理解，考生必須對現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的本質(zhì)特征----動作尚未完成，仍在過程中----有深刻的理解，否則將思路僅僅局限在“正在變化”、“已經(jīng)變化”或“將要變化”，難于得出正確的結(jié)論。例2：

I ______ ping-pong quite well, but haven't had time to play since the new year.（2001年高考試題）

A.will play

B.have played

C.played

D.play 答案為D。but 分句使用現(xiàn)在完成時，將談話的時間概念限定在“當(dāng)前”。如果選C，前一分句說“過去”，后一分句說“現(xiàn)在”，不合邏輯。本句的意思是說“乒乓球一向打得好，只是最近一段時間沒有打”，“乒乓球打得好”是一種技能，選用一般現(xiàn)在時，是“經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作”這一概念的擴展和延伸。例3：

----You haven't said a word about my new coat, Brenda.Do you like it?---I'm sorry I ______ anything about it sooner.I certainly think it's pretty on you.（2002年高考試題）

A.wasn't saying

B.don't say

C.won't say

D.didn't say 答案為D。sorry的原因是早先沒有說到這件事，因此必須用一般過去時。例4：

The price ______, but I doubt whether it will remain so.（1999年高考試題）

A.went down

B.will go down

C.has gone down

D.was going down 答案為 C。目前價格的狀況已經(jīng)低下來，至于“價格下降”始于何時同談話的內(nèi)容無關(guān)。試題意在考查對“過去的動作對現(xiàn)在的影響”的理解。

時態(tài)語態(tài)基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練1 I.用所給動詞的適當(dāng)?shù)倪^去時或?qū)頃r的形式填充。

1.Let's keep to the point or we ______ never_______(reach)any decisions.2.My mind wasn't on what he was saying, so I'm afraid I______(miss)half of it.3.I don't think Jim saw me;he _____ just ______(start)into space.4.I ____(ask)you not to move my dictionary--now I can't find it.5.Sales of CDs have greatly increased since the early 1990s, when people ______(begin)to enjoy the advantages of this new technology.6.--George and Lucy got married last week.Did you go to their wedding?

--No, I ______ ______ ______(invite).Did they have a big wedding?

7.Shirley _____(write)a book about China last year but I don't know whether she has finished it.8.John and I have been friends for eight years.We first got to know each other at a Christmas party.But we _____ ______(see)each other a couple of times before that.9.His wife _____ ______(hope)to catch the first train but she was too late.10.I _____ ______(catch)in the heavy rain on the way to the cinema.11.I found the sentence _____ ______(not read)smoothly.12.What he had said at the meeting _____(prove)true.13.---Did you see Tom at the party?

---No.He _____ _____(leave)by the time I arrived.14.---How time flies!It's already 10 o'clock.---Oh, I _____ _____(not realize)it at all.15.---I'm sorry that I shouldn't have been so rude to you.---You did_____(lose)your temper but that's OK.II.用所給動詞的適當(dāng)?shù)倪^去時或?qū)頃r的形式確翻譯下列各句 ：

1.The thief tried to break away from the policeman who _____ _____(一直抓著)him but failed.2.--What were you doing when Tony phoned you?

--I had just finished my work and ____ _____(正準(zhǔn)備開始)to take a shower.3.--You were out when I dropped in at your house.--Oh, I_____ _____(在等候)for a friend from England at the airport.4.---Why haven't you asked her to come here?

---She ________(正在做工)an important experiment when I found her and she hasn't finished it.5.---What were you up to when she dropped in?

---I_____ _____(剛玩了一會兒)for a while and _____ _____ _____ _____(正打算看書)some reading.6.Turn on the television or open a magazine and you ______often_____(會看到)advertisement showing happy families.7.---What place is it?---Haven't you seen that we are back where we _____(回到了原地)? 8.---Tomorrow is my birthday.I'd like you and Jane to come.---I'm not sure if she _____ _____(將)free.9.The crazy fans ______ _____ ______(一直在等)patiently for two hours and they would wait till the movie star arrived.10.You_______ _______(要求你ask)not to move the desk--now it is broken.時態(tài)語態(tài)基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練2 1.By the time I saw the angry expression in his face, I _____ exactly what I was having to face.But not for a moment _______ I should quit.A.had known;I thought

B.have known;had I thought

C.would know;I would think

D.knew;did I think 2.In such a fierce competition, a person h as to make every effort if he _____.A.has succeeded

B.is to succeed

C.should succeed

D.will succeed 3.The man opened his eyes and moved his lips, as if ______ that he had something to tell the doctor.A.saying

B.having said

C.to say

D.to have said 4.It should be 302.But I hear that it _____ till tomorrow.A.was put off

B.will put off

C.has been put off

D.is put off 5.The University of Tokyo is the oldest university in Japan and has always been in the lead when it comes to ____ new challenges.A.be faced

B.face

C.facing

D.faced 6.In fact, more and more people _____ to live a greener, healthier and more environmentally “green life”.A.chose

B.choose

C.are choosing

D.have chosen 7.Our car _____ at the present speed until it reaches Qingdao at about nine o'clock tonight.A.went

B.is going

C.goes

D.will be going 8.China is _____ to______ continued help to Iraq in its reconstruction.A.willingly;give

B.willing;giving

C.willing;offer

D.will;offering 9.I ________, but I can't leave until I finish typing all the letters.A.had planned to

B.planned to

C.am still planning to

D.was still planning to

10.Unfortunately, when we dropped in, Doctor Li _______ for Indonesia to rescue the injured there, so we only had time for a few words.A.has just left

B.was just leaving

C.had just left

D.just left 11.Has George returned from Japan yet? I'd like to meet him.Why do you look so upset?Usually at 13:15 but because of a small accident on the line, it

at 13:45.A．does;is going to start B．will;starts C．does;will start D．will;is to start 11.---How about my food? I __________ here for almost half an hour.---I'm sorry, sir.It must be ready by now.A.have been sitting

B.am sitting C.had been sitting

D.was sitting 12.---Remember the first time we met, Susan?---Of course I do.You _______ in the library.A.read

B.had read

C.were reading

D.would read 13.The number of people hurt in the traffic accident _______ to 95, the news agency reports.A.has increased

B.have increased

C.has been increased

D.have been increased 14.It seems that you _______ this report or you can see what I questioned just now.A.don't read B.didn't read C.haven't read D.hadn't read 15.-Hello, Jim.I

to see you today.Sonia said you

ill.-Oh I'm OK.A.didn't expect;were

B.don't expect;were C.haven't expected;are

D.are not expecting;are 16.We were very busy yesterday.Otherwise we _____ part in the discussion.A.would take

B.did take

C.had taken

D.would have taken 17.---My flight ______.I'd better be on my way.Goodbye.---Bye.Happy landing!A.was announced

B.is being announced

C.has announced

D.is announced 18Dear me!You

anything in the taxi!A.had never left

B.have never left

C.would never leave

D.never leave 19.This time next week, we _______astronauts from the Challenger trying to deal with the mechanical problems.A.will see B.will have seen C.will be seeing D.shall see 20.Hey, Lee.I ___________ you never took interest in anything like this.What a surprise!A.don't think

B.didn't think C.think

D.thought 21.George had thought of paying a visit to the zoo with his children last Sunday, but he just ________ he would have so little time to spare.A.hadn't known

B.wouldn't know

C.knew

D.didn't know 22.Those who were late for school this morning，down your names on the blackboard!A.write

B.wrote

C.are writing

D.will write

時態(tài)語態(tài)高考題 2007年高考

1.The flowers were so lovely that they __________ in no time.（全國卷I）

A.sold

B.had been sold

C.were sold

D.would sell 2.I know a little bit about Italy as my wife and I ________ there several years ago.（全國卷I）

A.are going

B.had been

C.went

D.have been 3.-Is there anything wrong, Bob? You look sad.-Oh, nothing much.In fact, I ____ of my friends back home.（全國卷II）A.have just thought B.was just thinking C.would just think D.will just be thinking 4.-Tom, you didn't come to the party last night?

-I ____, but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do.（全國卷II）A.had to B.didn't C.was going to D.wouldn't 5.-Did you tidy your room?（上海卷）

-No, I was going to tidy my room but I ______ visitors.A.had B.have C.have had

D.will have 6.With the help of high technology, more and more new substances ______ in the past years.（上海卷）A.discovered B.have discovered C.had been discovered D.have been discovered 7.They_____ two free tickets to Canada, otherwise they'd never have been able to afford to go.（山東卷）

A．had got

B．got

C．have got

D．get 8.-Did Peter fix the computer himself?-He ________, because he doesn't know much about computers.（安徽卷）A.has it fixed

B.had fixed it

C.had it fixed

D.fixed it 9.They became friends again that day.Until then, they _____ to each other for nearly two years.（安徽卷）

A.didn't speak

B.hadn't spoken

C.haven' t spoken D.haven' t been speaking 10.-How can I apply for an online course?

-Just fill out this form and we _____ what we can do for you.（北京卷）A.see

B.are seeing

C.have seen

D.will see 11.I got caught in the rain and my suit____.（北京卷）

A.has ruined

B.had ruined

C.has been ruined

D.had been ruined 12.-It was really very kind of you to give me a lift home.-Oh, don't mention it.I _____past your house anyway.（北京卷）

A.was coming

B.will come

C.had come

D.have come 13.-I saw Jane and her boyfriend in the park at eight yesterday evening.（福建卷）-Impossible.She

TV with me in my home then.A.watched B.had watched C.would watch D.was watching 14.Danny

hard for long to realize his dream and now he is popular.（福建卷）A.works

B.is working

C.has worked

D.worked 15.As the years passed, many occasions-birthdays, awards, graduations-________ with Dad's flowers.（湖南卷）

A.are marked

B.were marked

C.have marked

D.had marked

16.Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School, where she _____ English for a year.（湖南卷）

A.studies

B.studied

C.is studying

D.has been studying 17.At the end of the meeting, it was announced that an agreement ______.（江蘇卷）A.has been reached B.had been reached

C.has reached

D.had reached 18.-______ you ______ him around the museum yet?（江蘇卷）-Yes.We had a great time there.A.Have … shown

B.Do … show C.Had … shown

D.Did … show 19.-Ouch!You hurt me!

-I am sorry.But I

any harm.I

to drive a rat out.（江西卷）A.didn't mean;tried

B.don't mean;am trying C.haven't meant;tried

D.didn't mean;was trying 20.-I have got a headache.-No wonder.You

in front of that computer too long.（江西卷）

A.work

B.are working

C.have been working

D.worked 21.I

there little more than a week when I set to work with the scientist.（陜西卷）A.would be B.have been C.had been D.will be 22.The unemployment rate in this district

from 6% to 5% in the past two years.（上海春）A．has fallen B．had fallen

C．is fall in

D．was falling 23.John had to have his car repaired in a garage because it

seriously.（上海春）A．damaged B．was being damaged

C．had damaged D．had been damaged 24.When you get the paper back, pay special attention to what ________.（四川卷）A．have marked

B.have been marked

C．had marked

D．had been marked 25.-Did you see a man in black pass by just now?

-No, sir.I ________ a newspaper.（四川卷）

A.read

B.was reading

C.would read

D.am reading 26.If Newton lived today, he would be surprised by what ____ in science and technology.（天津卷）

A.had discovered

B.had been discovered

C.has discovered

D.has been discovered 27.-Jack bought a new mobile phone the other day.（浙江卷）-________? That's his third one in just one month.A.Had he

B.Did he

C.Does he

D.Has he

28.Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture, but when and where ____ yet.（浙江卷）

A.hasn't been decided

B.haven't decided

C.isn't being decided

D.aren't decided 29.The play had already been on for quite some time when we ____ at the New Theatre.（浙江卷）

A.have arrived

B.arrived

C.had arrived

D.arrive 30.-Did Alan enjoy seeing his old friends yesterday?-Yes, he did.He ________ his old friends for a long time.（重慶卷）

A.didn't see

B.wouldn't see

C.hasn't seen D.hadn't seen 31.Leonardo da Vinci(1452-1519)_______birds kept in cages in order to have the pleasure of setting them free.（重慶卷）

A.is said to be buying

B.is said to have bought

C..had said to buy

D.has said to have bought 32.-Do you have any idea what Paul does all day?-As I know, he spends at least as much time playing as he _______.（重慶卷）A.writes B.does writing

C.is writing

D.does write 33.When I called you this morning, nobody answered the phone.Where______?（重慶卷）A.did you go

B.have you gone

C.were you

D.had you been 34.-Have you handed in your schoolwork yet?

-Yes, I have.I guess it ______ now.（遼寧卷）

A.has graded

B.is graded

C.is being graded

D.is grading 35.-Has your father returned from Africa yet?-Yes, but he _____ here for only three days before his company sent him to Australia.（遼寧卷）A.was

B.has been

C.will be

D.would be 2008年高考

1.-Have you known Dr.Jackson for a long time?（全國I卷）-Yes, since she ______ the Chinese Society.A.has joined B.joins

C.had joined

D.joined 2.The wet weather will continue tomorrow, when a cold front ______ to arrive.（全國I卷）A.is expected B.is expecting C.expects

D.will be expected 3.-----Did you watch the basketball match yesterday?（安徽卷）

-----Yes, I did.You know, my brother ________ in the match.A.is playing

B.was playing

C.has played

D.had played 4.I like these English songs and they ________many times on the radio.（安徽卷）A.taught

B.have taught

C.are taught

D.have been taught 5.So far this year we ______ a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent.（福建卷）A.saw

B.see

C.had seen

D.have seen 6.I called Hnnah many times yesterday evening, but I couldn't get through.Her brother _____ on the phone all the time!（湖南卷）

A.was talking

B.has been talking

C.has talked

D.talked 7.Well, I'm thinking about the salary….（湖南卷）

A.offer

B.will offer

C.are offered

D.will be offered 8.-I'm sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final.-I think so.He ______ for it for months.（江蘇卷）A.is preparing B.was preparing C.had been preparing D.has been preparing 9.By the time he realizes he ______ into a trap, it'll be too late for him to do anything about it.（山東卷）A.walks

B.walked C.has walked D.had walked 10.I ______it to you this morning!（浙江卷）

A.would lend

B.was lending

C.had lent

D.lent 20.-What's that noise?（浙江卷）

-Oh, I forgot to tell you.The new machine ______ A.was tested

B.will be tested

C.is being tested

D.has been tested 21.-Have you read book called Waiting for Anya?-Who _______ it?（北京卷）

A.writes

B.has written

C.wrote

D.had written 22.The hotel wasn't particularly good.But I ____ in many worse hotels（北京卷）.A.was staying

B, stayed

C.would stay

D.had stayed 23.No decision

about any future appointment until all the candidates have been interviewed.（北京卷）

A.will be made

B.is made

C.is being made

D.has been made 24.He _____ football regularly for many years when he was young.（天津卷）A.was playing

B.played

C.has played

D.had played 25.Judy is going to marry the sailor she __ in Rome last year.（重慶卷）A.meets

B.met

C.has met

D.would meet 26.He __ as a national hero for winning the first gold metal for his country in the Olympics.（重慶卷）

A.regarded

B.was regarded

C.has regarded

D.had been regarded 27.Teenagers __ their health because they play computer games too much.（重慶卷）A.have damaged

B.are damaging

C.damaged

D.will damage 28.Do you know if Terry will go camping this weekend?(上海卷)Terry? Never!She ___ tents and fresh air!A.has hated

B.hated

C.will hate

D.hates 29.In recent years many football clubs ___ as business to make a profit.(上海卷)A.have run

B.have been run C.had been run D.will run

參考答案

時態(tài)語態(tài)基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練1 I.1.will never reach

2.missed

3.was;staring

4.asked

5.began

6.hadn't been invited

7.wrote

8.had seen

9.had hoped

10.was caught 11.didn't read

12.proved

13.had left

14.didn't realize

15.lose II.1.was holding

2.was starting

3.was waiting

4.was doing

5.had played;was going to do

6.will;see

7.were

8.will be

9.had been waiting

10.was asked 時態(tài)語態(tài)基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練2 1-10 DBCCC CDCCB

11-20 AABCA DBCDC

時態(tài)語態(tài)強化訓(xùn)練

1-5 BCCDD

6-10 ABBDB

11-15 ACACA

16-21 DBBCD

21-22 DA

時態(tài)語態(tài)高考題 2007年高考

1-5 CCBCA 6-10 DBCBD 11-15 CADCB

16-20 DBADC 21-25CADBB 26-30 DBABD

31-35BBCCA 2008年高考題

1-5 DABDD

6-10 ACDCA

11-15 CDACA 26-29 BBDB

21-25CDABB 16-20 ABBDC

第三篇：高中英語語法講練結(jié)合-動詞的語態(tài)

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Your story agrees with what had already been heard.你說的與我們聽說的一致。3）系動詞無被動語態(tài)，如appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn等。例如：It sounds good.聽上去不錯。

4）帶同源賓語的及物動詞如die/death, dream/dream，live/life等，以及反身代詞，相互代詞，不能用于被動語態(tài)。例如：

She dreamed a bad dream last night.她昨晚做了個惡夢。

5）當(dāng)賓語是不定式時，很少用于被動語態(tài)。例如：

（對）She likes to swim.（錯）To swim is liked by her.5.主動形式表示被動意義

1）wash, clean, cook, iron, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write, sell等。例如：

The book sells well.這本書銷路好。

This knife cuts easily.這刀子很好用。

2）blame, let（出租）, remain, keep, rent, build等。例如：

I was to blame for the accident.事故發(fā)生了，我該受指責(zé)。

Much work remains.還有許多活要干。

3）在need, require, want, worth（形容詞）, deserve后的動名詞必須用主動形式。例如：

The door needs repairing.= The door needs to be repaired.門該修了。

This book is worth reading.這本書值得一讀。

4）特殊結(jié)構(gòu)：make sb.heard / understood（使別人能聽見/理解自己）等。例如： Explain it clearly and make yourself understood.解釋清楚些，讓別人理解你的話。

6.被動形式表示主動意義，如 be determined, be pleased, be graduated（from）, be prepared（for）, be occupied（in）, get married等。例如：

He is graduated from a famous university.他畢業(yè)于一所有名的大學(xué)。

注意：表示同某人結(jié)婚，用marry sb.或get married to sb.均可。例如：

He married a rich girl.他與一個富妞結(jié)婚了。

He got married to a rich girl.7.need/want/require/worth

當(dāng) need, want, require, be worth后面接doing時，表示的是被動意義。例如：

Your hair wants cutting.你的頭發(fā)該理了。

The floor requires washing.地板需要沖洗。三.鞏固練習(xí)

1.I___________(teach)here for ten years since I finished school.2.Would you mind me __________(use)your bike? 3.The students of Class Two___________(sweep)their classroom now.4.The Whites____________(not listen)to the radio at that time.5.It's better to give than__________(receive).6.How long ______you_______(live)in this town?

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7.You _______(come)here last year, ______ you? 8.----When ______ you______(see)him?----I______(see)him last Sunday.9.She said that the car___________(use)the next week.10.I didn't know what __________(happen)to China in a century.11.When I got to the station, the train ____ already ______(leave).12.The stone bridge______________(build)in our hometown for ten years.13.The desk must ______(clean)once a day.14.The dog _________(lie)on the floor when I came in..15.It _________(rain)heavily when I got home.16.Her mother____________(cook)at this time yesterday.17.The students _____________(do)their homework.__________(not make)any noise!18.----______ you ever_______(be)to Beijing?----Yes.I________(go)there last week.19.He'll telephone us as soon as he _________(arrive)there.20.Jiefang trucks____________(make)in Changchun.21.A pen is used for__________(write).22.All that must ________(do).23.My friend can't decide which pair of trousers____________(choose).So she asked me to go shopping with her.24.They find it useful__________(learn)English.25.The old man often_________(tell)the children a story in the evening.This evening he ________(tell)two stories.26.The radio__________(use)once in a week in our class.It____________(not use)yesterday because there was something wrong with it.27.Would please tell us how___________(make)the watch ________(work)? 28.She doesn't know what_________(do)and where__________(go).四.答案

1.have taught

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2.using 3.are sweeping 4.weren’t listening 5.to receive 6.have … lived

7.came … didn’t 8.did … see, saw 9.would be used 10.would happen 11.had … left 12.have been built 13.be cleaned 14.was lying 15.was raining 16.was cooking 17.are doing, Don’t make 18.have … beeen, went 19.arrives 20.are made 21.writing 22.be done 23.to choose 24.to learn 25.tells, will tell

第四篇：高二英語語法之動詞的時態(tài)及語態(tài)

六.時態(tài)和語態(tài)

I.單句語法填空

1.More efforts, as reported, __________________(make)in the years ahead to accelerate the supply side structure reform(2016高考江蘇卷）

2.Jack __________________(work)in the lab when the power cut occurred.(2016高考北京卷）

3.Dashan, who ___________________(learn)crosstalk, the Chinese comedic tradition, for decades, wants to mix it up with the Western stand-up tradition.(2016高考江蘇卷）

4.I _________________(read)half of the English novel, and I’ll try to finish it at the weekend.(2016高考北京卷）

5.The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts _______________________(reward)with success in the end.(2016高考北京卷）6.Silk _____________________(become)one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC.(2016年高考浙江卷）

7.Life teaches us not to regret over yesterday, for it ________________(pass)and is beyond our control.8.--I am really struck by your spoken English.You speak so fluently.Have you been abroad?

--Yes.I ______________(stay)in London for two years.9.--Do you think I’m a good surfer?

--Of course!I ________________(watch)you earlier.You made it look so easy, graceful even.10.Around two o’clock every night, Jill will start talking in her dream.It somewhat _______________(bother)us.II.單句改錯

1.He was hoping to go abroad but his parents decided that they won’t support him unless he can borrow money from the bank.2.The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people be persuaded to eat more fruit and vegetables.3.I was staying with my uncle and aunt because my parents have gone abroad for a holiday.4.According to the art dealer, the painting is expecting to go for at least a million dollars.5.The high standard of the nation’s literature and art has been attracted widespread attention.6.It was ten years since we have had such a wonderful time.7.Last summer I take a part-time job in the International Camp for children.8.I’ll send my friend Li Dong to meet you at the airport when you arrived.9.It has been two weeks since we graduate from middle school.10.Action should taken to protect our environment.參考答案：

I.1.will be made

2.was working

3.has been learning

4.have read

5.will be rewarded

6.had become

7.has passed

8.stayed

9.was watching bothers

II.1.decided 前加have

2.be----are

3.was--am

4.expecting---expected

5.去掉been

6.have----had

7.take---took

8.arrived---arrive

9.graduate---graduated

10.should 和taken 中間加be

第五篇：中考英語二輪專項復(fù)習(xí)動詞語態(tài)

動詞語態(tài)練習(xí)

一、單項選擇

1． —Our classroom is so clean.—It ___________ every day.A.cleaned B.was cleaned C.cleans D.is cleaned 2．Boys and girls , more attention should be paid to ____the word correctly A． pronouce B.be pronounced C． pronoucing D.pronouced 3．The word ________ five letters.A.is made up B.makes up of C.is made up of 4．The gifts by my friends yesterday.A.are bought B.is brought C.were bought D.was bought 5．— Mom, my classmates are playing outside.Can I join them? — Not until your homework.A.finishes B.is finished C.finished D.was finished 6． Oh, dear!The key ________ the door _________ in the room.A.with, forget B.to , is left C.by , forgot D.with, is left 7． More than 70,000,000 sharks ______ for their fins every year.It's really time for us to do something.A.kill B.killed C.are killed D.were killed 8．---I ______to make a decision for myself.What should I do ?----If I _____you , I ‘d talk with my parents A.don’t allow, am B.won’t allow，was C.am not allowed, were D.weren’t allowed ,be 9．Betty, why didn't you answer the phone last night? —Oh, sorry about that.My mobile phone ______ in the living room.A.left B.has left C.is left D.was left 10．This listening material, together with its CD-ROMs, ______ well.A.sells B.sell C.is sold D.are sold 11．— Ningbo _______a lot in the past10 years.— Yeah, you`re right.A.changes B.has changed C.has been changed D.will change 12．—Look at the sign on the right.—Oh, parking ______ here.A.doesn’t allow B.isn’t allowed C.didn’t allowed D.wasn’t allowed 13．—Have you moved into the new flat? —Not yet.The room _________.A.has been painted B.is painted C.is being painted D.was painted 14．— Do you know Lucy’s grandma? —Of course.She is a kind woman, but she has______

for about a month since she _____ in the accident.A.been dead;was killed

B.died;was killed C.been dead;killed D.died;killed 15．The Yellow River flood large areas, but now the waters of it are used to energy.A.was used to;producing B.used to;producing C.was used to;produce D.used to;produce 16．This kind of flower well these days.Would you like to have one? A.sell B.sells C.are sold D.is sold 17．Can 16-year-old students drive to school? No, they shouldn’t ______ to drive because they aren’t serious enough.A.allow B.be allowed C.allowed D.have allowed 18．--The film “Avatar”（阿凡達(dá)）_______ on the TV next month.--Really? I’m looking forward to it.A.will show B.is show C.will be shown D.is shown 19．---Guess what he will say when I ask him about it again.---Even if you him again, he will not tell you anything.A.ask B.are going to ask C.will ask D.asked 20．A new bridge in our city next year and it is over eight hundred meters long.A.builds B.will be built C.is built D.will build

二、補充句子

根據(jù)中文意思，完成下列句子，每空限填一詞。（共5小題，計10分）21．最近的醫(yī)院離此地也有大約十公里遠(yuǎn)。

The __________ hospital is about ten kilometers __________.22．嘲笑處于困境中的人是不禮貌的。

It’s not polite to __________ __________ those people in trouble.23．學(xué)校規(guī)定上課不許遲到。

The school rule says, “Don’t __________ __________ for class.” 24．熊貓在我國受到很好的照顧。

Pandas __________ __________ good care of in our country.25．我們覺得晚上出去是危險的。

We find __________ __________ to go out at night.參考答案

1．D 【解析】

試題分析：句意：我們的教室真干凈。它每天被打掃。被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者，即行為動作的對象。被動語態(tài)由“助動詞be＋及物動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成為am/is/are+動詞的過去分詞，結(jié)合句意，故選D。考點：考查被動語態(tài)的用法。2．C 【解析】

試題分析：句意：孩子們，要更加注意正確的發(fā)單詞的音。pay attention to sth/doing,注意……，to是介詞后加名詞或動名詞。雖然該句是被動結(jié)構(gòu)，但是to仍然是介詞，故選C。

考點：考查動名詞的用法。3．C 【解析】

試題分析：句意：這個單詞是由五個字母組成的。分析：被……組成: be made up of ,因此選擇第三項。故選C 考點：考查固定詞組的用法。4．C 【解析】

試題分析：句意：昨天，這些禮物被我的朋友買了。分析：考查被動語態(tài)的用法，通過時間狀語yesterday，體現(xiàn)為一般過去式的被動語態(tài)，構(gòu)成為was/were done（動詞的過去分詞），結(jié)合選項，第三項符合題意。故選 C 考點：考查被動語態(tài)的用法。5．B 【解析】

試題分析：句意：媽媽，我的同班同學(xué)在外面玩，我能加入他們嗎？直到你的作業(yè)做完才能加入。動作的承受者作主語用被動語態(tài)。其結(jié)構(gòu)是，主語+be+done。until引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來時態(tài)，故選B。考點：考查一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)。6．B 【解析】

試題分析：句意：親愛的，門的鑰匙忘在了房間里了。the key to the door 門的鑰匙 the answer to the question等表示一一對應(yīng)關(guān)系的名詞經(jīng)常用to表示所有的關(guān)系。forget忘記，后不加地點，leave sth(at,in…),把某物落在某地。如果主語是動作的承受者，或者是說動作不是由主語而是由其他人完成的，則用被動語態(tài)。根據(jù)句意可知鑰匙和忘記之間是被動關(guān)系，故選B。

考點：考查介詞和被動語態(tài)的用法。7．C 【解析】 試題分析：句意：每年都有超過7千萬頭鯊魚被殺以獲得它們的鰭片。這是一個事實的描述，用一般現(xiàn)在時；該句應(yīng)該是鯊魚被殺害，因此是被動語態(tài)，所以選C 考點：考查動詞時態(tài)。8．C 【解析】

試題分析：句意：--我不被允許自己做決定。我應(yīng)該做什么？--如果我是你，我應(yīng)該和我的父母談一談。分析：第一個空為被動語態(tài)，體現(xiàn)現(xiàn)在不能自己做決定，因此用現(xiàn)在完成時被動詞態(tài)；第二個空考查虛擬語氣，表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設(shè)，其if 從句的謂語形式用動詞的過去式(be 一般用were)，主句用would/ should/ could/ might +動詞原形。故選C 考點：考查被動語氣和虛擬語氣的用法。9．D 【解析】

試題分析：句意：貝蒂，昨天晚上為什么你不接電話？對不起，我的手機忘在臥室里了。動作的承受者作主語用被動語態(tài)。其結(jié)構(gòu)是，主語+be+done.根據(jù)句意，可知動作發(fā)生在過去，故選D。

考點：考查被動語態(tài)的用法。10．A 【解析】

試題分析：句意：伴有光驅(qū)的這個聽力材料賣得很好。表示事物性質(zhì)或特點的，用主動形式表示被動語態(tài)。此處表示這個聽力材料買的好，故用主動形式，主語是This listening material，故謂語用第三人稱單數(shù)形式，故選A。考點：考查動詞時態(tài)及語態(tài)。11．B 【解析】

試題分析：句意：寧波在過去的10年當(dāng)中改變了很多。——是的，你說得對。結(jié)合語境可知本句描述的是從過去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作，故用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)。選B。考點：考查時態(tài)辨析 12．B 【解析】

試題分析：句意：看看右邊的標(biāo)語，啊，這里不允許停車。被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受

者，即行為動作的對象。其結(jié)構(gòu)是，主語+be+done。根據(jù)句意，可知停車是動作的承受者，故用被動結(jié)構(gòu)，因為這是一個標(biāo)語展示的內(nèi)容，所以用一般現(xiàn)在時，故選B。考點：考查被動語態(tài)的用法。13．C 【解析】

試題分析：句意：--你已經(jīng)搬入新的公寓了嗎？--還沒有。這個房間正在裝修。分析：考查被動語態(tài)的用法，通過句意體現(xiàn)正在裝修，因此運用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時被動語態(tài)，構(gòu)成方式為be being done（動詞的過去分詞）。故選C 考點：考查被動語態(tài)的用法。14．A 【解析】

試題分析：句意：—你認(rèn)識露絲的奶奶嗎？—當(dāng)然，她是一個善良的女人，但她自從死于事故后已經(jīng)死亡大約一個月了。根據(jù)題干分析since從句中“死于事故”應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)，因有since狀語從句，所以主句要用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)，故選A。考點：考查動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài) 15．D 【解析】 試題分析：句意:過去黃河水常常淹沒大片的土地，但是現(xiàn)在黃河水被用來產(chǎn)生能源。be used to do sth.被用來做某事；be used to doing sth.習(xí)慣于某事；used to do sth.過去常常做某事。根據(jù)句意可知選D。考點：考查動詞。16．B 【解析】

試題分析：句意：這些天這種花賣的很好，你愿意買一個嗎？根據(jù)語境可知花賣得好不能用被動語態(tài)，This kind of flower看成單數(shù)故動詞單三式；根據(jù)句意故選B 考點：考查動詞的用法。17．B 【解析】

試題分析：句意：---16歲的孩子們能開車去上學(xué)嗎？---不，他們不應(yīng)當(dāng)被允許開車，因為他們不是足夠的認(rèn)真。shouldn’t be be allowed to do表示不應(yīng)當(dāng)被允許做某事；根據(jù)句意故選B 考點：考查被動語態(tài)。18．C 【解析】

試題分析：句意：---這部電影Avatar將在下個月在電視上上映。根據(jù)題意可知用將來時的被動語態(tài)will be done;根據(jù)句意故選C.考點：考查動詞時態(tài)。19．A 【解析】

試題分析：句意：—猜一下當(dāng)我在問他這件事時他會怎么說。—即使你再問他，他也不會告訴你任何事情。第二空even if引導(dǎo)的是條件狀語從句，根據(jù)“主將從現(xiàn)”原則，主句是一般將來時態(tài)，在時間和條件狀語從句中要用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時態(tài)，從句主語是you，所以謂語動詞用原形，故選A。考點：考查動詞時態(tài)

20．B 【解析】

試題分析：句意：一座新橋明年在我們城市修建，它超過8百米長。根據(jù)題干分析bridge和build構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，因此用被動語態(tài)，其基本結(jié)構(gòu)是“be+動詞的過去分詞”，根據(jù)時間狀語next year（明年），所以用一般將來時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)，故選B。考點：考查被動語態(tài)的用法

21．nearest;away 22．laugh at 23．be late 24．a(chǎn)re taken 25．it;dangerous 【解析】 試題分析：

21．要用最高級形式nearest;距離后用副詞away。22．“嘲笑”用動詞短語laugh at。

23．“遲到” 用動詞短語be late放在Don’t后，構(gòu)成祈使句的否定句。24．a(chǎn)re taken是謂語動詞，根據(jù)語境用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)形式。Pandas是復(fù)數(shù)，所以用are。

25．這里用it做形式賓語代替后面的不定式to go out at night;dangerous是形容詞做賓語補足語

考點：單詞填空。