第一篇：2015年西南大學英語考博真題答案

西南大學2015年博士研究生入學考試英語試題答案

Part I: Grammar and Vocabulary(20%)1-5CADDD 6-10AABCD 11-15 CABBA 16-20 CBAAC Part II: Reading Comprehension(30%)

1-5 DCACB

6-10 AACAD

11-15 DAACA Part Ⅲ：English to Chinese Translation(15%)她看到了屋外廣場上，充滿新春氣息的樹梢是那么的興奮。空氣中彌漫著芬芳的雨的氣息。窗戶下面的街道上，小販正在叫賣他的器皿。遠處傳來縹緲的歌聲，數(shù)不清的麻雀也在屋檐下嘰嘰喳喳地唱個不停。

對著她窗戶的西邊天空上，層層疊疊的云朵之間，露著一綹一綹的蔚藍蔚藍色的天空。突出文章的主題：被壓抑的個性和對自由的追求。她把頭靠在椅背上，非常地平靜。除了像個孩子自己哭著睡著了，還繼續(xù)嗚咽一樣，她也偶爾地嗚咽一下，這使她有點顫抖。

她很年青，她那白皙、安詳?shù)哪樕暇€條，顯示著一種壓抑甚至說是一種力量。但是現(xiàn)在，她那凝望藍天的雙眸，目光茫然，甚或有點呆滯。這并不是匆匆沉思的一瞥，更不是一種長久的深思熟慮，而是精神世界一片空曠。

Part Ⅳ: Chinese to English Translation(15%)Primary and secondary school will impart to you only some rudiments of knowledge.Even what you learn during the four years of university will be something quite superficial too.A university has often been misleadingly referred to as “the highest seat of learning, which sounds as if there were no more learning to speak of beyond it.The research institute of a university, however, is the place for preliminary scholarship.But even there you get only the first taste of learning and the emphasis is on research methodology and practice.Art is long, life is short.That is why some of our ancients continued to study even when they were hoary-headed.They were, of course, motivated by an enormous interest in their studies.Part V: Essay Writing(10%)

The Pleasure of Learning

The Pleasure of Learning Almost everyone will be confused when they ask themselves, ”why we learn.“ In China, students answer this question, ”to pass the College Entrance Examination“.But after I read the article which entitled The Pleasure of Learning, I know the correct answer.It's the pleasure of learning.In this article, the author thinks learning is a natural, inborn and instinctive pleasure, and it's one of the innate pleasures of the human race.However, this pleasure is not confined to learning from textbooks.It is found in all kinds of the experience, practices, arts, crafts and explorations.He believes that the wholeness of the mind and spirit can only be achieved through exerting one's own efforts.When it comes to this article, what promptly surges into my mind is the childhood memory of learning.When I was young, my teachers used to discuss ”why we learn? " with us.There were many reasons coming up.We learn because we need to acquire professional knowledge and therefore a good job.We can use the knowledge to help people, and we will learn ourselves better by knowing more about the world.We can reap huge fruits from it, the pleasure.The last reason was the one our teacher emphasized most but I think I didn't truly get it then.This was not to say that I didn't like to go to school and acquire new knowledge.The knowledge I got from formal education is aimed to be service for the final examination completely and has slowly faded away.Having been lost the motivation, learning new things just became a burden for me.Fortunately, as my approaching to 40s with more insights of myself and the world, I started to attain the happiness again.Learning to unlock the relationship between practical use and learning in my mind, I became able to enjoy knowing new things, but not the possible rewards they might bring to me.From my perspective, I realized that learning is a way, and the only way.We become more intimate with the world we're living in.Now, I think I understand the true meaning of the pleasure of learning.

第二篇：2015武漢大學考博英語部分真題答案

感謝”珞珈人（武大考博）197431621”群網(wǎng)友熱心提供題源

一、閱讀理解

Justice in society must include both a fair trial to the accused and the selection of an appropriate punishment for those proven guilty.Because justice is regarded as one form.of equality, we find in its earlier expressions the idea of a punishment equal to the crime.Recorded in the Old Testament is the expression “an eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth.” That is, the individual who has done wrong has committed an offence against society.To make up for his offence, society must get even.This can be done only by doing an equal injury to him.This conception of retributive justice is reflected in many parts of the legal documents and procedures of modern times.It is illustrated when we demand the death penalty for a person who has committed murder.This philosophy of punishment was supported by the German idealist Hegel.He believed that society owed it to the criminal to give a punishment equal to the crime he had committed.The criminal had by his own actions denied his true self and it is necessary to do something that will counteract this denial and restore the self that has been denied.To the murderer nothing less than giving up his own will pay his debt.The demand of the death penalty is a right the state owes the criminal and it should not deny him his due.Modern jurists have tried to replace retributive justice with the notion of corrective justice.The aim of the latter is not to abandon the concept of equality but to find a more adequate way to express it.It tries to preserve the idea of equal opportunity for each individual to realize the best that is in him.The criminal is regarded as being socially ill and in need of treatment that will enable him to become a normal member of society.Before a treatment can be administered, the cause of his antisocial behavior.must be found.If the cause can be removed, provisions must be made to have this done.Only those criminals who are incurable should be permanently separated front the rest of the society.This does not mean that criminals will escape punishment or be quickly returned to take up careers of crime.It means that justice is to heal the individual, not simply to get even with him.If severe punishments is the only adequate means for accompanying this, it should be administered.However, the individual should be given every opportunity to assume a normal place in society.His conviction of crime must not deprive him of the opportunity to make his way in the society of which he is a part.1.The best title for this selection is（B）A.Fitting Punishment to the Crime B.Approaches to Just Punishment C.Improvement in Legal Justice D.Attaining Justice in the Courts

2.The passage implies that the basic difference between retributive justice and corrective justice is the（C）.A.type of crime that was proven B.severity for the punishment C.reason for the sentence D.outcome of the trial

3.The punishment that would be most inconsistent with the views of corrective justice would be（D）.A.forced brain surgery B.whipping C.solitary confinement D.the electric chair

4.The Biblical expression “an eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth” was presented in order to（D）.A.prove，that equality demands just punishment B.justify the need for punishment as a part of law C.give moral backing to retributive justice D.prove that man has long been interested in justice

”In every known human society the male's needs for achievement can be recognized...In a great number of human societies men's sureness of their sex role is tied up with their right, or ability, to practice some activity that women are not allowed to practice.Their maleness in fact has to be underwritten by preventing women from entering some field or performing some feat.“

This is the conclusion of the anthropologist Margaret Mead about the way in which the roles of men and women in society should be distinguished.If talk and print are considered it would seem that the formal emancipation of women is far from complete.There is a flow of publications about the continuing domestic bondage of women and about the complicated system of defences which men have thrown up around their hitherto accepted advantages, taking sometimes the obvious form of exclusion from types of occupation and sociable groupings, and sometimes the more subtle form of automatic doubt of the seriousness of women's pretensions to the level of intellect and resolution that men, it is supposed, bring to the business of running the world.There are a good many objective pieces of evidence for the erosion of men's status.In the first place, there is the widespread postwar phenomenon of the woman Prime Minister, in India, Sri Lanka and Israel.Secondly, there is the very large increase in the number of women who work, especially married women and mothers of children.More diffusely there are the increasingly numerous convergences between male and female behaviour: the approximation to identical styles in dress and coiffure, the sharing of domestic tasks, and the admission of women to all sorts of hitherto exclusively male leisure-time activities.Everyone carries round with him a fairly definite idea of the primitive or natural conditions of human life.It is acquired more by the study of humorous cartoons than of archaeology, but that does not matter since it is not significant as theory but only as an expression of inwardly felt expectations of people's sense of what is fundamentally proper in the differentiation between the roles of the two sexes.In this rudimentary natural society men go out to hunt and fish and to fight off the tribe next door while women keep the fire going.Amorous initiative is firmly reserved to the man, who sets about courtship with a club.5.The phrase ”men's sureness of their sex role“ in the first paragraph suggests that they（C）

A.are confident in their ability to charm women.B.take the initiative in courtship.C.have a clear idea of what is considered ”manly“.D.tend to be more immoral than women are.6.The third paragraph（A）

A.generally agrees with the first paragraph B.has no connection with the first paragraph C.repeats the argument of the second paragraph D.contradicts the last paragraph

7.The usual idea of the cave man in the last paragraph（B）A.is based on the study of archaeology B.illustrates how people expect men to behave C.is dismissed by the author as an irrelevant joke D.proves that the man, not woman, should be the wooer

8.The opening quotation from Margaret Mead sums up a relationship between man and woman which the author（D）A.approves of B.argues is natural C.completely rejects D.expects to go on changing

Farmers in the developing world hate price fluctuations.It makes it hard to plan ahead.But most of them have little choice: they sell at the price the market sets.Farmers in Europe, the U.S.and Japan are luckier: they receive massive government subsidies in the form of guaranteed prices or direct handouts.Last month U.S.President Bush signed a new farm bill that gives American farmers $190 billion over the next 10 years, or $83 billion more than they had been scheduled to get, and pushes U.S.agricultural support close to crazy European levels.Bush said the step was necessary to ”promote farmer independence and preserve the farm way of life for generations“.It is also designed to help the Republican Party win control of the Senate in November's mid term elections.Agricultural production in most poor countries accounts for up to 50% of GDP, compared to only 3% in rich countries.But most farmers in poor countries grow just enough for themselves and their families.Those who try exporting to the West find their goods whacked with huge tariffs or competing against cheaper subsidized goods.In 1999 the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development concluded that for each dollar developing countries receive in aid they lose up to $14 just because of trade barriers imposed on the export of their manufactured goods.It's not as if the developing world wants any favours, says Gerald Ssendwula, Uganda's Minister of Finance.”What we want is for the rich countries to let us compete.“

Agriculture is one of the few areas in which the Third World can compete.Land and labour are cheap, and as farming methods develop, new technologies should improve output.This is no pie in the sky speculation.The biggest success in Kenya's economy over the past decade has been the boom in exports of cut flowers and vegetables to Europe.But that may all change in 2008, when Kenya will be slightly too rich to qualify for the ”least developed country“ status that allows African producers to avoid paying stiff European import duties on selected agricultural products.With trade barriers in place, the horticulture industry in Kenya will shrivel as quickly as a discarded rose.And while agriculture exports remain the great hope for poor countries, reducing trade barriers in other sectors also works: Americas African Growth and Opportunity Act, which cuts duties on exports of everything from handicrafts to shoes, has proved a boon to Africa's manufacturers.The lesson: the Third World can prosper if the rich world gives it a fair go.This is what makes Bush's decision to increase farm subsidies last month all the more depressing.Poor countries have long suspected that the rich world urges trade liberalization only so it can wangle its way into new markets.Such suspicions caused the Seattle trade talks to break down three years ago.But last November members of the World Trade Organization, meeting in Doha, Qatar, finally agreed to a new round of talks designed to open up global trade in agriculture and textiles.Rich countries assured poor countries, that their concerns were finally being addressed.Bush's handout last month makes a lie of America's commitment to those talks and his personal devotion to free trade.9.By comparison, farmers（C）receive more government subsidies than others.? A.in the developing world B.in Japan C.in Europe D.in America?

10.In addition to the economic considerations, there is a（A）motive behind Bush’s signing of the new farm bill.? A.partisan B.social C.financial D.cultural?

11.The message the writer attempts to convey throughout the passage is that（A）? A.poor countries should be given equal opportunities in trade?

B.“the least?developed country” status benefits agricultural countries? C.poor countries should remove their suspicions about trade liberalization? D.farmers in poor countries should also receive the benefit of subsidies

12.The writer’s attitude towards new farm subsidies in the U.S.is（C）? A.favourable B.ambiguous C.critical D.reserved

Roger Rosenblatt’s book Black Fiction, in attempting to apply literary rather than sociopolitical criteria to its subject, successfully alters the approach taken by most previous studies.As Rosenblatt notes, criticism of Black writing has often served as a pretext for expounding on Black history.Addison Gayle’s recent work, for example, judges the value of Black fiction by overtly political standards, rating each work according to the notions of Black identity which it propounds.Although fiction assuredly springs from political circumstances, its authors react to those circumstances in ways other than ideological, and talking about novels and stories primarily as instruments of ideology circumvents much of the fictional enterprise.Rosenblatt’s literary analysis discloses affinities and connections among works of Black fiction which solely political studies have overlooked or ignored.Writing acceptable criticism of Black fiction, however, presupposes giving satisfactory answers to a number of questions.First of all, is there a sufficient reason, other than the racial identity of the authors, to group together works by Black authors? Second, how does Black fiction make itself distinct from other modern fiction with which it is largely contemporaneous? Rosenblatt shows that Black fiction constitutes a distinct body of writing that has an identifiable, coherent literary tradition.Looking at novels written by Blacks over the last eighty years, he discovers recurring concerns and designs independent of chronology.These structures are thematic, and they spring, not surprisingly, from the central fact that the Black characters in these novels exist in a predominantly White culture, whether they try to conform to that culture or rebel against it.Black Fiction does leave some aesthetic questions open.Rosenblatt’s thematic analysis permits considerable objectivity;he even explicitly states that it is not his intention to judge the merit of the various works yet his reluctance seems misplaced, especially since an attempt to appraise might have led to interesting results.For instance, some of the novels appear to be structurally diffuse.Is this a defect, or are the authors working out of, or trying to forge, a different kind of aesthetic? In addition, the style of some Black novels, like Jean Toomer’s Cane, verges on expressionism or surrealism;does this technique provide a counterpoint to the prevalent theme that portrays the fate against which Black heroes are pitted, a theme usually conveyed by more naturalistic modes of expression?

In spite of such omissions, what Rosenblatt does include in his discussion makes for an astute and worthwhile study.Black Fiction surveys a wide variety of novels, bringing to our attention in the process some fascinating and little-known works like James Weldon Johnson’s Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man.Its argument is tightly constructed, and its forthright, lucid style exemplifies levelheaded and penetrating criticism.The author objects to criticism of Black fiction like that by Addison Gayle because it（D）.A.emphasizes purely literary aspects of such fiction B.misinterprets the ideological content of such fiction C.misunderstands the notions of Black identity contained in such fiction D.substitutes political for literary criteria in evaluating such fiction

14.The author of the passage is primarily concerned with（A）.A.evaluating the soundness of a work of criticism B.comparing various critical approaches to ”a subject C.discussing the limitations of a particular kind of criticism D.summarizing the major points made in a work of criticism

15.The author's discussion of Black Fiction can be best described as（B）.A.pedantic and contentious B.critical but admiring C.ironic and deprecating D.argumentative but unfocused

16.It can be inferred that the author would be LEAST likely to approve of which of the following（C）

A.An analysis of the influence of political events on the personal ideology of Black writers B.A critical study that applies sociopolitical criteria to autobiographies by Black authors C.A literary study of Black poetry that appraises the merits of poems according to the political acceptability of their themes

D.An examination of the growth of a distinct Black literary tradition within the context of Black history

三、漢譯英

得病以前，我受父母寵愛，在家中橫行霸道。一旦隔離，拘禁在花園山坡上一幢小房子里，我頓感到打入冷宮，十分郁郁不得志 起來。一個春天的傍晚，園中百花怒放，父母在園中設宴，一時賓客云集，笑語四溢。我在山坡的小屋里，悄悄地掀起窗簾，窺見園中大千世界，一片繁華。自己的哥姐、堂表兄弟，也穿插其間，個個喜氣洋洋。一瞬間，一陣被人擯棄、為世所遺的悲憤兜上心頭，禁不住痛哭起來。

Before I fell ill, my parents doted on me a lot.I could have my way at home.Once I was isolated and confined in a chamber on the hillside of the garden, I suddenly felt I was neglected and became very depressed.One spring evening, my parents held a Banquet in the garden, where all sorts of flowers were in full bloom.In no time, a crowd of their guests collected and laughter was heard all over there.I, without being noticed, lifted the curtain in my small room, only to spy the bustle of a kaleidoscopic world down in the garden, and my elder sisters, brothers and my cousins, each full of the joys of spring, were shuttling among the guests.Quickly enough, I was thrown into a fist of sorrowful anger at being forgotten and discarded by the rest and could not help crying my heart out.四、作文

How to Prevent Plagiarism

第三篇：中國人民大學-考博英語真題

中國人民大學——英語2004年博士研究生入學考試試題

客觀題部分

請用鉛筆將此部分試題的答案填涂在答題卡上，否則無效！II.Vocabulary(10 points)PartA(5 points)Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices

marked iL B, C arm 1).Choose the:one thatbest completes the

sentence and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across

the square bracket on ANSWER SHEET 1.Example: She prefers foreign wine to that produced__ A.previously B.vLrtually

C.primarily D.domestically The sentence should read,;“She prefers foreign wine to that produce domesticany.” Therefore, you should choose D.Sample Answer

[A] [B] [C] [D]

1.International sport should create goodwill between the nations, but in the present organization of the Olympics somehow encourages__

patriotism.A.obsolete

B.aggressive C.harmonious D.amiable Z One call understand others much better by noting the immediate and fleeting reactions of their eyes and __ to expressed thoughts.A.dilemmas B.countenances C.concessions D.junctions 3.People innately _____ for superiority over their peers although it sometimes takes the form of an exaggerated lust for power.A.strive

B.ascertain

C.justify D.adhere 4.Some scientists have suggested that Earth is a kind of, zoo or wildlife

for intelligent space beings, like the wilderness areas we have set up on earth to allow animals to develop naturally while we observe them.A.conservation B.maintenance C.storage

D.reserve 5.According to the latest report, consumer confidence___ a breathtaking 15 points.last month, to its lowest level in 9 years.A.soared

B.mutated

C.plummeted D.fluctuated 6.Melissa is a computer___ that destroyed files in computers and

frustrated thousands of users around the world.A.genius

B.vires

C.disease

D.bacteria 7.The emphasis:on examinations is iby far the.worst form of

competition in schools.A.negligent B.edible

C.fabulous D.disproportionate 8.The boy seemed more _____ to their poverty, after seeing how his

grandparents lived.A.reconciled

B.consolidated C.deteriorated

D.attributed 9.During his two-month stay, in China, Tom never____ a chance to

practice his Chinese.A.passed on B.passed up C.passed by D.passed out 10.When a person dies, his debts must be paid before his ____ can be

distributed.A.paradoxes B.legacies

C.platitudes D.analogin Part B(5 points)Directions: In each of the following sentences there is one word or phrase

underlined.Below the sentence are four choices marked A, B, C, and

D.Choose the one that is closest in meaning to the underiined part.Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square

bracket on ANSWER SHEET I.Example: The secretary is Very competent;she can finish all these letters within one

..;.,ca, ODe bour.A.careful

B.industrious C.clever

D.capable In this sentence, “competent” is closest-;n m e:zting to “capable”.Therefore you should choose D.Sample Answer

[A] [B] [C] [DD] 11.He claims that advertising today tends to portray women in traditional

roles such as cooking or taking care of the baby.A.depict

B.advocate

D;criticize D.analyze 12,.They achieved more than they had eyer dreamed, lending a magic tO their family story that no tale or ordinary life could possibly rival.A.confirm B.achieve C.match

D exaggerate

13.The most urgent thing is to find a dump.for those toxic____ industrial wastes.A.imminent B.recyclable C.smelly D.poisonous i4.British Prime Minister Tony Blair promised the electorate that guns would nor be fired without an attempt to win a further U.N.sanction.A.allies

B.delegates C.voters

D.juries

15.The analysis suggests that the tradeoff between our :children's college and our own retirement security is ,chilling.A.frightening B.promising

C.freezing D.revealing 16.Their signing of the treaty was regarded as a conspiracy against the British Crown.A.secret plan B.bold attack

C.clever design D.joint effort 17.Evidence, reference, and foomotes by the thousand testify to a scrupulous researcher who does considerable justice to a full range of different beorefical and political positions.A.trustworthy B.intelligent

C.diligent D.meticulous 18.Despite their spartan, isolated lifestyle, them are no stories of women being raped or wanton violence against civilians in the region.A.intriguing B.exasperating: C.demonstrative D.unprovoked 19.The gang derived their nickname from their dark clothing and blacked up faces for.nocturnal raids in the forest.A.illegal

B.night-time

C, brutal D.abusive 20.Though sometimes too lazy to work as hard as her sisters, Linda has a more avid fondness for the limelight, A.mercurial B, gallant

C.ardent D.frugal III.Cloze(10 points)Directions : Read the following passage.Choose the best word for each numbered blank and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on Answer Sheet I.Like many other aspects of the computer age, Yahoo began as an idea, ___ 21 ___ into a hobby and Iately has ____22 ____ into a full-time passion.The two developers of Yahoo, David Filo and Jerry Yang, Ph.D candidates ___ 23 _ Electrical Engineering at Stanford University, started theirguide in April 1994 as a way to keep 24 of their personal interest on the Intemet.Before long they ___25 ___ that their home,brewed lists were becoming too long and ____ 26____ Gradually they began to spend more andmore time on Yahoo.During 1994, they ____ 27____ yahoo into a customized database designed to____28_____ the needs of the thousands of users____29____ began to use the service through the closely ___ 30____ Intemet community.They developed customized software to help them___ 31 ___ locate, identify and edit material ___32___ on the Intemet.The name Yahoo is ____ 33____ to stand for “Yet

Another Hierarchical Officious Oracle”.but Filo and Yang insist they selected the ___34 ___ because they considered themselves yahoos.Yahoo? itself first ___ 35 ___ on Yang's workstation, “akebono”, while the search engine was ___ 36 ___ on Filo's computer, “Konishiki”.In early 1995 Marc Andreessen, co-founder of Netscape Communication in Mountain View, California, invited Filo and Yang to move their files ___ 37___ to larger computers ___38____ at Netscape.As a result Stanford's computer network returned to ___ 39___ , and both parties benefiasc.Today, Yahoo___ 40 ___ organized information on tens of thousands of computers linked to the web.1.A.became

B.grew

C.mm

D.intend 2.A.made

B.saw

C.looked

D.turned 3.A.in

B.on

C.about

D.fer 4.A.touch

?.contact

C.n-ack

D.record 5.A.founded

E.found

C.argued

D.reported 6.A.unwieldy

B.tough

C.tamable

D invaluable

7.A.exchanged

B.shank

C.sold

D.converted 8.A.explain

B.serve

C.discover

D.evaluate 9.A.which

B.that

C.actually

D.eagerly 10.A.relative

B.interactive C.bound

D.contacted 11.A.fluently

B.efficiently C.exactly

D.actually 12.A.transmitted B.purchased C.sold

D.13.A.about

B.bound

C.going

D.supposed I4.A.fable

B.model

C.name

D.brand 15.A.supported

B.resided

C.lived

D.launched 16.A.connected B.lodged

C.introduced D.linked 17.A.over

B, away

C.inside

D.beneath 18.A.housed

B.caught

C.hosed

D.bidden 19.A.average

B.normal

C.ordinary

D.equal 20.A.attains

B.detains

C.maintains D.contains IV.Reading Comprehension(20 points)Directions: Read the following passages, decideon the best one of the choices marked A, B, C, and D for each question or unfinished statement and then mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage 1

Guthrie's contiguity principle offers practical suggestions for how to break babies.One application of the thrcshoM method involves the time young children spend on academic activities.Young children have short attention spans, so the length of time they can sustain work on one activity is limited.Most activities are scheduled to last no longer than 30 to 40 minutes.However, at the start of the school year, attention spans quickly wane and behavior problems often

result.To apply Gutiarie's theory, a teacher might, at the start of the year, limit activities to 15 to 20 minutes.Over the next few weeks the teacher could gredually increase the time students spend working on a single activity.The threshold methoci also can be applied to teaching printing abd handwriting.When children first learn to form letters, their movements awkward and they lack free motor coordination.The distances between lines on a page are purposely wide so children can fit the letters into the space.If paper with narrow lines is initially introduced, students' letters would spill over the borders and students might become frustrated.Once students can form letters

within the larger borders, they can use paper with smaller borders to help them refine their skills.The fatigue method can be applied when disciplining disruptive students

who build paper airplanes and sail them across the room.The teacher can remove the students from the classroom, We them a large stack of paper, and tell them to start making paper airplanes.After the students have made several

airplanes, the activity should lose its attraction and paper will become a cue for not building airplanes.Some students continually race around the gym when they first enter their physical education class.To employ the fatigue method, theteacher might decide to have these students continue to run a few more laps after the class has begun.The incompatible response method can be used with students who talk and

misbehave in the media center.Reading is incompatible with talking.The media center teacher might ask the students'to find interesting books and read them while in the center.Assuming that the studentS find the books enjoyable, the media center will, over time, become a cue for selecting and reading books rather than for talking with other students.In a social studies class some students regularly fall asleep.The teacher realized that using the board and overhead projector while lecturing was very

boring.Soon the teacher began to incorporate other elements into each lesson, such as experiments, videotapes, and debates, in an attempt to involvs students and raise their interest in the course.41.The purpose of this passage is to___ A.inform B.persuade

C.debate

D.narrate 42.Guthrie identified three methods for__ A.educating students

B.altering bad habits C.avoiding undesired action

D.forming good hobbies 43.Which of the following is not the example of applying the threshold method? A.Parents introduce spinach in small bites or mixed with a food than the

child enjoys over time so that the child will not refuse to eat it.B.Teachers introduce academic content in short blocks of time for young

children and gradually increase session length but not to where students

become frustrated or bored.C.Paper with wider lines is first used and then paper with narrow lines is

introduced step by step to help children learn printing and handwriting.D.A child might be made to throw toys until it is no longer fan by his

parents in order to change his behavior of repeatedly throwing toys.44.To stop snacking while watching television, people should keep their hands busy by sewing, painting, working crossword puzzles, and so forth.Over time.watching TV becomes a cue for engaging in an activity other than snac 'king.What method is used in this example? A.The threshold method.B.The fatigue method.C.The incompatible response method.D.The punishment method.45.We can draw the conclusion from the passage that A.The incompatible response method is to force child to make unwanted

response repeatedly in presence of stimulus until he or she becomes

exhausted B.The threshold method refers to introducing undesired behavior with a

response incompatible with the undesired response so they can not be

performed simultaneously

C.The fatigue method means that engaging in the behavior is transformde

into avoiding it by introducing the stimulus at full strength so it becomes

a cue for not performing it D.The fatigue method is that in presence of stimulus teachers have child

make response incompatible with unwanted response Passage 2 The increase in global trade means that international companies cannot afford to make costly advertising mistakes if they want to be competitive.Understanding the language and culture of target markets in foreign countries is one of the keys to successful international marketing.Too many companies, however, have jumped into foreign markets with embarrassing wralts.Translation mistakes are at the heart of many blunders in international advertising.General Motors, the US auto manufacturer, got a costly lesson when it introduced its Chevrole Nova to the Puerto Rican market.“Nova” is Latin for new(star)“ and means ”star“ in many languages, but in spoken Spanish it can sound like ”no va“, meaning ”it doesn't go“.Few people wanted to buy a car with that cursed meaning.When GM changed the name to Caribe, sales picked up” dramatically.Marketing blunders have also been made by food and beverage companies.3ne American food company's friendly “Jolly Green Giant”(for advertising ,egetables)became something quite different when it was translated into Arabic as “Intimidating Green Ogre”.When translated into German Pepsi's popular slogan, “Come Alive with Pepsi” came out implying “Come Alive from the Grave”.No wonder customers in Germany didn't rush out to buy Pepsi.Successful international marketing doesn't stop with good ranslafions--,-other aspects of culture must be researched and understood ff aarketers are to avoid blunders.When marketers do not understand and appreciate the values, tastes, geography, climate, superstitions, religion, or economy of a culture, they fail to capture their target market.For example, an American designer tried to introduce a new pentare ihto the Latin American market but the product aroused little interest.The mail reason was that the camellia used in it was traditionally used for funerals in many South American countries.Having awakened to the special nature of foreign advertising, companies are becoming much more conscientious in their translations and more sensitive to cultural distinctions.The best way to prevent errors is to hire professional translators who understand the target language and its idiomatic usage, or to use a technique

called “back translation” to reduce the possibility of blunders.The process uses one person to translate a message into the target language and another to translate it back.Effective translators aim to capture the, overall message of an advertisement because a word-for-word duplication of the original rarely conveys the intended meaning and often causes misunderstandings.In designing advertisements for other countries, messages need to be shot and simple.They should also avoid jokes, since what is considered funny in one part of the world may not be so humorous in another.46.The best title of this passage might be __.A.Culture Is Very Important ia Advertishag B.Avoid Cultural Misunderstanding between Nations C.Overcome Cultural Shock in Different Countries D.Advertisements Reflect Various Life Styles 47.What does the word “blunder” mean in this passage? A.hesitation B.mistake C.stutter D.default 48.Which of the following statements can be used to summarize the gist from Paragraph 3 to Paragraph 6? A.Cultural shocks

B.Faulty translations C.Avoid cultural oversights D.Prevent blunders 49.We can learn from the context in Paragraph 9 that the word “ca ” most probably mean____ A.an animal used in perfume for its smell B.a piece of fabric used both in perfume and at funerals C.a flower used in perfume for its fragrance and used for funerals D.an nrnament used in prefume and at funerals 50.One way to prevent errors in advertising in different countries is to___ A.fire the translators who don't know the target language.B.use the technique called “l(fā)iteral translation” to reduce the possibility of

blunders C.avoid cultural oversights and avoid certain jokes D.explain in details when designing advertisement for other countries Passage 3 It is not unusual for chief executives to collect millions of dollars a year in pay, stock options, and bonuses.In the last fifteen years, while executive remuneration rose, taxes in the highest income bracket went down.Millionaires are now commonplace.Amiability is not a prerequisite for rising to the top, and there are a number of chief executive officers with legendary bad tempers.It is not the boss's job to worry about the well-being of his subordinates although the man with many enemies wi！be swept out more quickly in hard times;it is the company he worries about.His business savvy is supposed to be based on intimate knowledge of.his company and the industry.so he goes home nightly with a full briefcase.At the very topexecutives are exceedingly dedicated.The American executive must be capable of enough small talk to get him through the social part of his schedule, but he is probably not a highly cultured individual or an intellectual.Although his wife may be on the board of the symphony or opera, he himself has little time for such pursuits.His reading may largely concern business and management, despite interests in other fields.Golf provides him with a sportive outlet that combines with some useful socializing.These days, he probably attempts some form of aerobic exercise to “keep the old heart in shape” and for the same reason goes easy on butter and alcohol, and substances thought to contribute to taking highly stressed executives out of the running.But his doctor's admonition to “take it easy” falls on deaf eyes.He likes to work.He knows there are younger men nipping at his heels.Corporate head-hunting, carried on by “executive search fares,” is a growing industry.America has great faith in individual talent, and dynamic and aggressive executives are so in demand that companies regularly raid each other's managerial ranks.51.We can infer from the second paragraph that___

A.promotion depends on amiability

B.chief executives do not work hard enough at the top level

C.it is the duty of the chief executive to look after the well-being of his

subordinates

D.a chief executive is expected to know more about his company and the

industry 52.The term “aerobic exercise”(fa'st line in second last paragraph)is a kind Of

____

A.hallucination exercise

B.physical exercise

C.meditation exercise

D.entertainment 53.From the last paragraph we can gather that ____

A.there are too many aggressive executives

B.individual talent is not essential for a company

C.the job of an “executive search rum” is corporate head-hunting

D.it is not common for companies to undermine each other's managerial

ranks 54.For executives, according to the article, a golf course is a pl where ________

A.they can conduct their business

B.they can indulge themselves

C.they can cultivate their mind

D.they can exercise as well as socialize 55.What is NOT tree according to the article? A.Executives tend to ignore doctors' advice and warnings.B.Executives are sensitive to pressure from the younger generation.C.All chief executives can earn millions of dollars a year.D.Executives are careful of what they eat.Passage 4 In November 1970 Yukio Mishima, together withsome of his fanatical followers from the ultranationalistic Shield Society WhiCh.he had four, dod in 1966, broke into the headquarters of Japan's Eastern Defense Forces armed with swords and daggers, overpowered some aides, tied up the commanding general, and demanded that the troops be assembled to hear a speech.Mishima addressed the troops for ten minutes, inciting them to rebel against the constitutional govemment imposed by the United States that had, in his words, “turned Japan spineless.” Receiving only ridicule in response, he returned to the general's office and there, before the general's unbelieving eyes, proceeded to kill himself in strict accordance with the tradifonal samurai ritual of seppuku.After Mishima had driven a dagger deep into his left abdomen, one of his aides severed his head with a sword.The aide likewise 'killed himself and was 5eheaded;the others surrendered.In 1936 there had been a similar revolt and, though equally unsuccessful, it had foreshadowed the repressive re,me of General Tojo that was to stage tho attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941.That earlier revolt is the one referred to in “Patriotism,” one of Mishima's most powerful stories.Here life and fiction become joined.The act of seppuku was for Mishima a fulfdlment, “the ultimate dream of my life.” Bom of an ancient samurai family, he longed to die a hero's death in accordance with the ancient samurai code;but his weak body kept him from service in the war, and he had to compensate through body building(he became expert at karate and kendo)and, most important, through the discipline writing.In his short lifetime he turned out twenty novels, thirty plays, many essays, and more than eighty stories: he also produced, directed, and acted in movies, and even sang on stage.His first book of stories, A Forest in Flower, appeared in 1943, but it was Confession of a Mask(1948), dealing with the meditations of a young man of homosexual leanings in a repressive society, that brought him fame.Mishima has been called “Japan's Hemingway,” while others have compared him to “aesthetic” writers like Walter Peter and Oscar Wilde.56.The article implies that A.Mishima refused to join the army when he was young B.Mishima has been regarded as a lunatic writer C.Mishima is a person who'is hard m define D.Critics all agree that Mishima is an aesthetic writer 57.The aim of the rebel led by Mishima was A.Fo capture the commanding genera!

B.to urge the government to declare a war against America C.to incite the soldiers to rebel against the Constitutional govemment

D.to force the Emperor to give up the throne 58.In the 1970 rebel, the speech made by Mishima____ A.was web received by the soldiers B, was laughed at by the soldiers C.impressed the commanding general D, left a deep impression tO the soldiers 59.What IS true according to article? A.The general knew that Mishima had longed to die a hero's death.B.The general was greatly taken aback by Mishima's suicide attemnpt C.Some soldiers surrendered after Mishima's speech.D.one of Mishima's aides was killed by the soldiers.60.Mishima became a well-known writer after he had ___ A, written “Patriotism”, one of his most powerful stories B.written eighty short stories C.published “A Forest in Flower” D.published “Confession of a Mask” 主觀題部分

請用鋼筆或圓珠筆將此部分試題的答案做在答題紙二上，否則無效！V.Translation(20 points)Fart A.(10 points)Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese on your ANSWER SHEET.One might ask why speculation is permitted when there is so real a danger of loss.The basic reason is that speculation can perform useful functions in the economy.Buying a commodity or stock in the belief that prices will rise speeds market equilibrium and encourages faster entry of more suppliers.If the price change lagged until after an actual commodity shortage had occurred, the fluctuation would probably be sharper and more sudden.Remedial supply action could not be further delayed.Similarly, if speculators foresee a surplus in some commodity, their selling of futures will help drive the price down to some extent before the SurpluS actually occurs.When speculators foresee a shortage and bid up the price, they are also helphng to conserve the present supply.As the price goes up,less of the commodity is purchased;a rise in price encourages users to ecor, om2ze.Similarly, a lowering of price encourages users to buy more, thus helping to sell the surplus which is developing.Part B.(10 points)Directions: Translate the following into EngIish on your ANSWER SHEET.中國已經(jīng)發(fā)層成為一個全球極富吸引力的、現(xiàn)實的大市場。世界各國 和地區(qū)不少有遠見卓識的企業(yè)家，都將目光投向了中國，并從投資活動中 獲得了豐厚的回報。我相信，中國加入世貿(mào)組織后，外商參與中國投資活 動的機會將越來越多，自身發(fā)展的空間也越來越大。在中國的投資活動一 定能成為溝通世界各國和地區(qū)的企業(yè)家與中國市場的一座橋梁，促進中國 和世界經(jīng)濟共同發(fā)展、共同繁榮。VI.Writing(20 points)Directions Write an essay in no less than 250 words with file title “My Understanding of GlobaIization”.Your essay should be written on the Answer Sheet.

第四篇：西南財經(jīng)大學2013年考博真題回顧

參考書籍

英語：沒有固定的書，從網(wǎng)上買一些詞匯的書、考博真題和模擬的書即可。

管理學：羅珉的《管理學原理》，科學出版社，微觀經(jīng)濟學：

1、范里安的《微觀經(jīng)濟學》，第六版就可以

2、西南財經(jīng)大學出版社的《中級微觀經(jīng)濟學》，張樹民主編，最好把配套的《學習指南》也買了。

計量經(jīng)濟學：龐皓主編的《計量經(jīng)濟學》，科學出版社

專業(yè)課：就是卿濤老師出的那本書哈(婷婷師姐知道的)

2013年博士入學考試真題回顧(純憑記憶哈)

英語：作文是 造成火災的原因以及解決方法

管理學：

1、虛擬組織及典型的虛擬組織形態(tài)

2、六西格瑪管理方法（這個不太確定了）

微觀經(jīng)濟學：

1、博弈論

2、工資與休閑時間的問題

3、進出口市場平衡的問題 計量經(jīng)濟學：

1、DW檢驗

2、R2和r2

專業(yè)課：雇主品牌、戰(zhàn)略管理（別的記得不清的，一共是五道好像是）

第五篇：中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學院考博英語真題2004答案解析

中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學院考博英語真題2004答案解析

Part ⅡVocabulary

1.A 譯文：他在這個領域的成就的功勞必須歸于他的導師方教授

解析：credit榮譽，功勞；reputation名譽，聲望；respect尊敬；praise贊美。2.D 譯文：由于我們無法再等我們定的貨，所以不得不取消訂單。

解析：postpone推遲；refuse拒絕；accept接受；cancel取消。

3.C 譯文：年輕人中存在著很高的工作流動性，因為他們今天辭掉這個工作明天就會找一個新的。

解析：固定搭配，quit work 辭職，停止工作；depart離開，出發(fā)；reject排斥；quit辭職，放棄；leave離開。

4.C 譯文：由于天氣惡劣必須放棄尋找失蹤的船。

解析：release 釋放，發(fā)射；resign辭職；abandon 放棄，斷念；surrender使投降。5.B 譯文：人們開的車可能是為了顯示他的身份或社會地位。

解析：curiosity好奇心；status身份，地位；importance重要性；reputation聲望。四個選項中與social position是一類詞的只有B。

6.A 譯文：創(chuàng)造力是指利用現(xiàn)存的資源產(chǎn)生獨創(chuàng)與有益的方案、思想和產(chǎn)品。

解析：creativity 創(chuàng)造力；productivity 生產(chǎn)力；application應用；combination組合。7.D 譯文：有時藝術家發(fā)現(xiàn)讓他們的作品贏得大眾的欣賞很難。

解析：popular appetite 大眾口味，在題目中指的事“贏得大眾的喜愛”。Welcome歡迎；

applause喝彩；appetite愛好，喜愛，胃口；appreciation欣賞，感謝。

8.A 譯文：面臨著項目的失敗，投資商將忍受著高達三千萬的損失。

解析：in the face of面對??；in time of??時期；in the event of如果??發(fā)生；in the course of在??期間。

9.D 譯文：為什么我們有些人擅長數(shù)學或寫作，而其他人擅長藝術和籃球。

解析：work at 致力于；gaze at凝視；aim at目的在于；excel at擅長，突出。10.A 譯文：噴氣式飛機快速地升上天空，很快便消失在我們的視線中了。

解析：固定搭配，ascend into升上，升到；launch發(fā)射，在句中，若要用launch，則要用被動語態(tài)；assess 評價；descend下降。

11.C 譯文：長城是一個很好的觀光勝地，每年吸引著全球各地無數(shù)的人來觀光。

解析：tourist attraction觀光勝地。

12.B 譯文：現(xiàn)在殘疾人能夠關注他們的很多需求，上學和維持工作。

解析：pursue education 追求教育，上學。

13.A 譯文：當他知道他發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個真正的真品時，湯姆難以掩飾自己的興奮。

解析：conceal掩飾，掩藏；reveal展現(xiàn)；show顯示；discover暴露。

14.B 譯文：男女之間，貧富之間的目標和欲望大相徑庭。

解析：vary widely大不相同，大相徑庭；swing搖擺，轉向；distinguish區(qū)分，辨別；

transfer轉讓。

15.D 譯文：當?shù)毓俜剿坪跻獮樯现馨l(fā)生的事故負責。

解析：to blame該受責備，承擔責任。

16.C 譯文：世貿(mào)中心遭遇的襲擊給那些目睹爆炸場面的人留下了持久的印象。

解析：固定搭配，leave a lasting impression 留下持久的印象，深刻的印象。17.B 譯文：計算機科技的全面影響在接下來的幾年將會讓人們感受到。

解析：固定短語考察，full impact 全面影響。18.C 譯文：自動化的出現(xiàn)必然會帶來重大的社會影響。

解析：固定短語，be bound to 必然，一定會；frightful 可怕的；compelled 強迫的。19.A 譯文：通過和平手段實現(xiàn)統(tǒng)一是我們的一貫政策。

解析：固定搭配，consistent policy一貫的政策；considerate體貼的；certain確定的；decisive果斷的。

20.D 譯文：調查顯示相當多數(shù)量的十五歲的孩子每周要吸二十根煙。

解析：substantial numbers of相當數(shù)量的，很多很多的。21.C 譯文：化學與其他科目如物理生物等有著緊密的聯(lián)系。

解析：correspond with 符合，一致；be concerned with涉及到；be correlated with與?相互關聯(lián)或聯(lián)系；cooperate with與某人合作。

22.A 譯文：事故發(fā)生的幾分鐘內(nèi)警察就對緊急情況做出了反應。

解析：respond to做出回應、反應； reply to回答，回復；adjust to 適應于；appeal to 呼吁，上訴。

23.C 譯文：對熱帶雨林的破壞被譴責為環(huán)境的災難。

解析：blame責備；declare聲明、宣稱，be declared as聲明為或稱為?；condemn譴責；appeal呼吁，請求。

24.B 譯文：害羞的人絕不會自發(fā)地去吸引別人的注意。

解析：willingly欣然地，樂意地；voluntarily 自愿地，自發(fā)地；decidedly斷然地；deliberately故意地，有意地。

25.A 譯文：最近的生產(chǎn)障礙導致銷售下滑，因而利潤也下降了。

解析：decline下滑，下降；increase增加，上漲；break破壞；maintain維持。

26.B 譯文：參加世界常務委員會發(fā)起的演講的人數(shù)增加了，這讓廣大人民開始關注國際事務了。

解析：develop開發(fā)；sponsor贊助，發(fā)起；advance使前進；promote促進。27.D 譯文：還不是晚，但得采取及時的行動。

解析：right對的，恰當?shù)模籾rgent緊急的；hurry匆忙，倉促；prompt迅速的，及時的。28.B 譯文：他渴望支配其他人，這給他的家庭帶來了麻煩。

解析：please取悅；dominate支配，控制；force強迫，強加；urge催促，力勸。29.C 譯文：有關人士想將得癌癥的危險減到最小

解析：take the risk of 冒著危險；decrease減少；minimize the risk將風險減到最低；

claimed聲稱，宣稱。

30.A 譯文：受傷嚴重的士兵沒有優(yōu)先治療那些輕微的傷。

解析：take priority over 優(yōu)先于?；表示不優(yōu)先于over后面的內(nèi)容，而是take前面的內(nèi)容要優(yōu)先于over 后的內(nèi)容。

31.D 譯文：仍然不是很清楚到底是什么引起了他們之間的一系列爭論。

解析：contribute貢獻，出力；mark標志；ignite 點燃，燃燒；trigger引發(fā)，引起。32.B 譯文：為了現(xiàn)在的生存和將來的繁榮興旺，所有的工作人員必須不斷地為你的公司的每一個方面創(chuàng)造出新的思想。

解析：maximize最大化；thrive繁榮，興旺；measure 估量，測量；remain保持，依然。

33.D 譯文：人類可能會破壞自然平衡，但有時，自然也會進行可怕的報復。

解析：take a revenge報復，復仇。

34.A 譯文：她將高失業(yè)率作為政府政策失敗的證據(jù)。

解析：cite?as?將?作為?；cite 引用，引證；recite背誦；list列出；lift舉起。35.C 譯文：自從日本開始重視教育和科技創(chuàng)新后，它的經(jīng)濟就有了高速發(fā)展。

解析：attach importance to重視，著重于。

36.C 譯文：這個政策為私人產(chǎn)業(yè)讓路，導致了貧富之間的差距。

解析：give way to讓路于，屈服于，讓步；give birth to生孩子，產(chǎn)生.37.C 譯文：人類不應該以生態(tài)環(huán)境為代價發(fā)展經(jīng)濟。

解析：at the expense of 以?為代價；at the mercy of 任憑，受支配。38.D 譯文： 我們應該為我的的孩子和孫子保持最好的道德觀念。

解析： replace代替；remain留下，保持，一般為不及物動詞，后面不接賓語；generate 發(fā)生，產(chǎn)生；preserve保存，保留。

39.A 譯文：合適的穿衣在生意上關系重大，這就是為什么大多數(shù)生意人都穿得很正式的原因。

解析：count for價值；count for much關系重大；account for解釋，說明；allow for顧及，考慮； care for照顧，關心

40.A 譯文：他在車禍中傷得很嚴重，而這場車禍的產(chǎn)生要歸于踩錯了剎車。

解析：be attributed to歸因于；contribute to有助于，貢獻；be to blame該受責備，承擔責任；be applied to 應用到?。

Part ⅢReading Comprehension Passage 1 41.答案D

解析：文章第一段就說明了，在以前秘書都是男性，因為人們認為女性在辦公室的出現(xiàn)會影響其他員工的工作。42.答案C 解析：由第四段可以得到答案。43.答案B 解析：John Bowman得到這份秘書工作是因為“He was the only applicant”。44.答案A 解析：參看文章倒數(shù)第四段最后一句話。45.答案A 解析：作者在文章最后一句話中指出，女性也將能勝任男性所從事的這項工作。

Passage 2 46.答案C 解析：文章介紹的就是商業(yè)競爭的四種基本形式。47.答案D 解析：由文章第二段容易得到答案。48.答案A 解析：第四段中“tolerated”的意思是“允許”，所以答案為A。49.答案 A 解析：作者的意思是，雖然也會出現(xiàn)顧客受益的價格戰(zhàn)，但所有的公司聯(lián)合起來提高價格也是很常見的。50.答案B 解析：“serious competition?it would?in the group．”這句話中的“it”顯然指代前面的“serious competition”。

Passage 3 51.答案D 解析：第一段中作者介紹Rogers是一個拼命工作并對員工要求苛刻的老板，作者以最快的速度的離開了那個家公司。可見作者不喜歡在Rogers手下那份工作。52.答案C 解析：從第二段的前兩句話可以得到答案。53.答案A 解析：答案顯然是A。54.答案 C 解析：作者以為那個人是Rogers，即他曾經(jīng)的老板。55.答案D 解析：很顯然，根據(jù)作者的前同事所了解的情況，他認為那個人很可能就是Rogers。

Passage 4 56.答案 C 解析：在第三段中作者表示：“I was going to be a complete engineer：technical genius and sensitive humanist all in one．”作者選擇藝術類院校讀書正是因為他想成為一個把工程技術和人文科學完美結合的優(yōu)秀人才。57.答案 A 解析：“I wanted to open my eyes?Science or engineering．”作者認為同學藝術的人交往可以開闊視野，增長見識。58.答案B 解析：在作者看來，一個成功的工程類學生應該不僅應該具有技術才能，更需要有廣闊的視野。

59.答案 D 解析：故事的最后，作者的美好理想在現(xiàn)實中破滅。所以他的理想固然是好，但卻是不切實際的。60.答案 B 解析：結合上下文，很顯然這個“they”是指代前一句話中的“engineering and the liberal arts”。

Passage 5 61.答案C 解析：C最全面的概括了全文的主題。62.答案D 解析：第一段中作者已經(jīng)定義了slang：“refers to words and expressions understood by a large number of speakers but not accepted as appropriate formal usage by the majority”。63.答案A 解析：“but other slang expressions enjoy momentary popularity followed by obscurity．”這句話的意思是有些俚語只流行一時，隨后就會消失。“obscurity”在這里是“消隱，隱退”的意思。

64.答案 D 解析：D 在文章第三段介紹俚語產(chǎn)生的三個條件之中，并沒有大量的語言學家這一條件。

65.答案C 解析：從最后一段可以看出來作者是贊成在合適的場合使用slang和Colloquial speech的。

Passage 6 66.答案 A 解析：A項的意思是“一個人口袋里存不住錢”，當然與原文不符；B選項的意思是“錢不會長在樹上”，C選項意思是“錢要好好地花”，D選項意思是“錢能生錢”都與原文意思一致。

67.答案 C 解析：由第三段可以得到答案。68.答案A 解析：文章第四段講述的就是Awareness of their identity，從“But case histories repeatedly show that a sense of community is essential for long-term survival．”這句話可以得到答案。69.答案 D 解析：A、B、C都是W．R．Grace曾經(jīng)或正在經(jīng)營的項目，文章說W．R．Grace曾經(jīng)創(chuàng)立航空公司，但并非經(jīng)營飛機。

70.答案 B 解析：文章倒數(shù)第二段講述的就是跨國公司的生存之道，段落最后一句話“Multinationals must be willing to change in order to succeed．”就是這段內(nèi)容的一個小結，意思是跨國公司要想成功就必須學會變通。

Part ⅣWriting

On College Admission

It is a hot topic in recent years whether to offer college admission to every high school graduate or to select excellent students by means of examinations.In my opinion, the answer to this argument depends on the purpose of college education.College is a special place in which students are trained to enrich their knowledge and develop the ability to reason and explore the world.Though it cannot be denied that college students should also learn to adapt themselves into the real society, mastering academic skills is still their chief task, for knowledge is the basis of the work we would take in the future.Since students will learn much more difficult knowledge in college, not every high school graduate could digest and assimilate what would be taught in college classes, not to mention putting these theories into practical application.Thus, my standpoint is that admission to college should be offered by examinations because educationists have still failed to devise anything more efficient and reliable than examinations and the methods of testing a person's knowledge and ability remain as primitive as ever they were.Here examination is not just examination itself, it could reveal a person's comprehensive capacities as well.Generally speaking, students getting high marks are also those with outstanding traits.However, I am not intending to put too much emphasis on examinations.College is at a unique stage of connecting school and society and examination is not the only way to prepare our students for the future.But in most cases, we have to admit that examination is indeed an effective and useful method of selecting persons with excellent abilities.