第一篇：2008年10月中科院考博英語真題單詞

2008年10中科院考博英語真題單詞

2008年10中科院考博英語真題單詞

1.give a big hand 熱烈鼓掌歡迎

2.curious ['kj??r??s]

adj.好奇的，有求知欲的；古怪的；愛挑剔的3.curiosity [kj??r?'?s?t?]

n.好奇，好奇心；珍品，古董，古玩

4.curiousness ['kju?ri?snis]

n.好學；好奇；不尋常

5.alleviate [?'li?v?e?t]

vt.減輕，緩和

6.alleviative [?'li?v?e?t?v]

n.緩和劑；使減輕之物

adj.減輕的；緩解的7.alleviation [?,li?v?'e???n]

n.緩和；鎮痛物

8.unaccounted [,?n?'kauntid]

adj.未說明解釋的；未包括在某數目中的；行蹤不明的9.unaccounted for 下落不明的；未予解釋的10.escalate ['esk?le?t]

vt.使逐步上升

vi.逐步增強；逐步升高

11.exalt [?g'z??lt;eg-]

vt.提升；提拔；贊揚；使得意

vi.使人得意

12.exalted [?g'z??lt?d]

adj.高尚的；尊貴的；興奮的

v.高舉；贊揚；使激動（exalt的過去分詞）

13.exaltation [egz??l'te??(?)n;eks-]

n.得意洋洋，欣喜；提拔；舉起

14.stumble ['st?mb(?)l]

n.絆倒；蹣跚而行

vi.躊躇，蹣跚；失足；犯錯

vt.使…困惑；使…絆倒

15.stumble upon 偶然發現

16.stumble on 無意中發現；偶然遇到，碰巧找到

17.stumble over 給絆倒；結結巴巴地說

18.stumble across 偶然發現

19.dispel [d?'spel]

vt.驅散，驅逐；消除（煩惱等）

20.conducive [k?n'dju?s?v]

adj.有益的；有助于…的21.conducive to 有益于，有益于

22.conduciveness 促成；誘因

23.conduce [k?n'dju?s] vi.導致；有益，有貢獻于

24.cynical ['s?n?k(?)l]

adj.憤世嫉俗的；冷嘲的

2008年10中科院考博英語真題單詞

25.speculate ['spekj?le?t]

vi.推測；投機；思索

vt.推斷

26.speculative ['spekj?l?t?v]

adj.投機的；推測的；思索性的27.speculation [,spekj?'le??n]

n.投機；推測；思索；投機買賣

28.speculator ['spekjuleit?]

n.投機者；思索者

29.speculativeness n.思辯

30.symptom ['s?m(p)t?m]

n.[臨床] 癥狀；征兆

31.early symptom 早期癥狀

32.symptomatic [s?m(p)t?'m?t?k]

adj.有癥狀的；癥候的33.symptomless ['simpt?mlis]

adj.無癥狀的

34.originative [?'rid??neitiv,-n?-]

adj.有創作力的；有發明之才能的35.originality [?,r?d??'n?l?t?]

n.創意；獨創性，創造力；原始；新奇

36.originate [?'r?d??ne?t;?-]

vt.引起；創作 vi.發源；發生；起航

37.originate from 發源于

38.indignation [?nd?g'ne??(?)n]

n.憤慨；憤怒；義憤

39.indignant [?n'd?gn?nt]

adj.憤憤不平的；義憤的40.Strongly Indignant 強烈憤慨

41.disarm [d?s'ɑ?m]

vt.解除武裝；裁軍；緩和

vi.放下武器；裁減軍備

42.disarming [d?s'ɑ?m??]

adj.使解除警戒心的；使人消氣的

v.解除武裝；使息怒（disarm的現在分詞）

43.disarmament [d?s'ɑ?m?m(?)nt] n.裁軍

44.dispatch [d?'sp?t?]

n.派遣；急件 vt.派遣；分派

45.dispatcher [d?s'p?t??]

n.調度員；[計] 調度程序；[計] 分配器

46.economic dispatch 經濟調度；經濟分配

47.with dispatch 迅速地 盡快地

49.dispatch from 從發送

48.dispatch center 調度中心；運輸中心；勤務中心

50.underneath [?nd?'ni?θ]

prep.在的下面；在的形式下；在的支配下 n.下面；底部

adj.下面的；底層的 adv.在下面；在底下

2008年10中科院考博英語真題單詞

51.ridiculous [r?'d?kj?l?s] adj.可笑的；荒謬的52.ridiculously [ri'dikjul?sli] adv.可笑地；荒謬地

53.ridiculousness [ri'dikjul?snis] n.荒謬，滑稽

54.rattle ['r?t(?)l]

vt.使發出咯咯聲；喋喋不休；使慌亂，使驚慌

vi.喋喋不休地講話；發出卡嗒卡嗒聲

n.喋喋不休的人；嚇吱聲，格格聲

55.rattled ['r?tld]

adj.慌亂的；愚蠢的；惱火的v.發出咯咯聲（rattle的過去式）

56.rattling ['r?tl??]

adj.很好的；活潑的；卡嗒卡嗒的adv.很；非常；極佳

v.使發出嘎嘎聲（rattle的ing形式）

57.router ['ra?t?] n.[計] 路由器；刳刨者

58.intertwine [?nt?'twa?n]

vt.纏繞；糾纏

vi.糾纏；編結

59.intertwined [,int?:'waind]

adj.纏繞的；錯綜復雜的

v.使纏結，纏繞（intertwine的過去式）

60.obligatory [?'bl?g?t(?)r?]

adj.義務的；必須的；義不容辭的61.obligatory right 債權

62.obligatory course 必修課

63.obligate ['?bl?ge?t]

vt.使負義務；強使，強迫；對…施以恩惠

adj.有責任的，有義務的；必需的64.obligated ['ɑbl?ɡet?d]

n.使負義務（obligate的過去式）

adj.有義務的；責無旁貸的65.obligation [?bl?'ge??(?)n]

n.義務；職責；債務

66.oblige [?'bla?d?]

vt.迫使；強制；賜，施恩惠；責成vi.幫忙；施恩惠

67.obliged [?'blaid?d]

v.要求；約束；施恩惠（oblige的過去分詞）

adj.必須的；感激的；有責任的68.obliging [?'bla?d???]

v.迫使；約束（oblige的現在分詞）

adj.樂于助人的；有禮貌的；體貼的；親切的69.vendors

n.供應商，銷售商（vendor的復數）

70.street vendor 小販；大排檔

71.news vendor 賣報人

2008年10中科院考博英語真題單詞

72.herd [h??d]

n.獸群，畜群；放牧人

vi.成群，聚在一起

vt.放牧；使成群

73.herder ['h?:d?] n.牧人；（美俚）監獄看守

74.a herd of 一群（牛、鹿等）

75.Herd Behavior 羊群行為；羊群效應；從眾行為；群體恐慌行為

76.herd instinct [動] 群居本能，群體心理

77.luster ['l?st?]

vi.有光澤；發亮

n.[光] 光澤；光彩

vt.使有光澤

78.pearly luster 珍珠光澤

79.bright luster 鏡面光澤

80.lustrous ['l?str?s]

adj.有光澤的；光輝的81.lusterless ['l?st?l?s]

adj.沒有光澤的82.lustreless ['l?st?lis]

adj.無光澤的；平淡乏味的83.altruism ['?ltr??z(?)m]

n.利他；利他主義

84.prosper ['pr?sp?]

vi.繁榮，昌盛；成功

vt.使……成功；使……昌盛；使……繁榮

85.prosperous ['pr?sp(?)r?s] adj.繁榮的；興旺的86.prosperity [pr?'sper?t?] n.繁榮，成功

87.comic ['k?m?k]

adj.喜劇的；滑稽的；有趣的

n.連環漫畫；喜劇演員；滑稽人物

88.comical ['k?m?k(?)l] adj.滑稽的，好笑的89.comicality [,k?mi'k?liti] n.詼諧；滑稽

90.comic book 連環漫畫冊

91.comic opera 喜歌劇

92.gratify ['gr?t?fa?]

vt.使滿足；使滿意，使高興

93.gratified

adj.稱心的v.使滿足；使高興（gratify的過去式及過去分詞形式）

94.gratifying ['ɡr?t?fa???]

adj.悅人的；令人滿足的

v.使滿意（gratify的現在分詞）；使高興

95.gratification [ɡr?t?f?'ke??n]

n.滿意；喜悅；使人滿意之事

96.kin [k?n]

n.親戚；家族；同族

adj.同類的；有親屬關系的；性質類似的

2008年10中科院考博英語真題單詞

97.kinship ['k?n??p]

n.[法] 親屬關系，家屬關系；親密關系

98.kith and kin 朋友和親屬

99.next of kin 最近的血親，最親的親戚

100.kith [k?θ]

n.朋友；鄰居

101.elaborate [?'l?b(?)r?t]

adj.精心制作的；詳盡的；煞費苦心的vi.詳細描述；變復雜

vt.精心制作；詳細闡述；從簡單成分合成（復雜有機物）

102.elaborate on 詳細說明

103.elaboration [i,l?b?'rei??n]

n.苦心經營，精巧；詳細闡述

104.elaborateness [i'l?b?reit?]

n.盡心竭力

105.symbolic [s?m'b?l?k]

adj.象征的；符號的；使用符號的106.symbolically [sim'b?lik?li]

adv.象征性地；象征意義地

107.symbolic expression 符號表達式；符號式

108.symbolic language [計] 符號語言；象征性的語言

109.wrench [ren(t)?]

n.扳手，扳鉗；扭傷；痛苦；歪曲；猛扭

vt.扭傷；猛扭；曲解；折磨

vi.扭傷；猛扭；猛絞

110.wrenching ['rent?i?]

n.苗木鏟根；修截苗根

v.猛扭；歪曲；搶取（wrench的ing形式）

111.pipe wrench 管扳鉗；管子鉗

112.kick in 踢開；支付；開始生效；腿打水游進；死亡

113.spoil [sp??l]

n.次品；獎品

vt.溺愛；糟蹋；掠奪

vi.掠奪；變壞；腐敗

114.spoilage ['sp??l?d?]

n.損壞，糟蹋；掠奪；損壞物

115.spoilt [sp??lt]

adj.寵壞的；損壞的v.寵壞；毀壞（spoil的過去式及過去分詞）

116.aquifer ['?kw?f?]

n.（美）蓄水層；含水土層

117.aquiferous [?'kwif?r?s] adj.含水的；[地質] 蓄水的118.in denial 否認；拒絕接受現實；拒絕承認出了問題

119.irrigate ['?r?ge?t]

vt.灌溉；沖洗；使清新

vi.灌溉；沖洗

2008年10中科院考博英語真題單詞

120.irrigation [,?r?'ge??n]

n.灌溉；[臨床] 沖洗；沖洗法

121.rehabilitate [ri?h?'b?l?te?t]

vt.使康復；使恢復名譽；使恢復原狀

vi.復興；復權；恢復正常生活

122.rehabilitative [ri:h?'bilit?tiv]

adj.復職的，復原的

123.rehabilitation ['ri:h?,bili'tei??n]

n.復原

124.habilitate [h?'b?l?te?t]

vt.提供周轉資金；給…穿著

vi.取得任職資格

125.replenish [r?'plen??]

vt.補充，再裝滿；把…裝滿；給…添加燃料

126.replenishment [r?'pl?n??m?nt]

n.補充，補給

127.sprinkle ['spr??k(?)l]

n.撒，灑；少量

vt.灑；微雨；散置

vi.灑，撒；下稀疏小雨；噴撒

128.sprinkler ['spr??kl?]

n.灑水車；灑水器

129.sprinkling ['spr??kl??]

n.少量；點滴；噴霧

v.灑；點綴（sprinkle的現在分詞）

130.silver bullet 銀子彈；良方，高招

131.eavesdrop ['i?vzdr?p]

n.屋檐上流下來的水

vi.偷聽，竊聽

132.eavesdropper ['i:vz,dr?p?] n.偷聽者

133.overhear [??v?'h??]

vt.無意中聽到；偷聽

vi.無意中聽到；偷聽到

134.guideline ['ga?dla?n] n.指導方針

135.omit [?(?)'m?t]

vt.省略；遺漏；刪除；疏忽

136.disparage [d?'sp?r?d?]

vt.蔑視；毀謗

137.disparaging [d?s'p?r?d???]

v.蔑視（disparage的ing形式）

adj.毀謗的；輕蔑的

138.disparagement [d?s'p?r?d?m?nt] n.輕蔑；輕視

139.disparager [dis'p?rid??] n.毀謗者

140.grievance ['gri?v(?)ns]

n.不滿，不平；委屈；冤情

141.grievance procedure

冤屈投訴程序；苦情處理制度；抱怨程序；申訴程序

2008年10中科院考博英語真題單詞

142.wrap [r?p]

n.外套；圍巾

vt.包；纏繞；隱藏；掩護

vi.包起來；纏繞；穿外衣

143.wrapped [r?pt]

v.包裹；覆蓋（wrap的過去分詞）adj.有包裝的144.wrapping ['r?p??]

n.包裝紙，包裝材料

v.裹住（wrap的ing形式）

adj.包裝用的145.wrapper ['r?p?]

n.包裝材料；[包裝] 包裝紙；書皮

146.wrap up 偽裝；使全神貫注；穿暖和的衣服

147.under wraps 不公開的；秘密的148.craft [krɑ?ft]

n.工藝；手藝；太空船

vt.精巧地制作

149.crafty ['krɑ?ft?]

adj.狡猾的；靈巧的150.craftiness ['kra:ftinis]

n.狡猾；熟練；巧妙

151.crafted

adj.精心制作的

v.精巧地制作（craft的過去分詞）

152.smart [smɑ?t]

adj.聰明的；巧妙的；敏捷的；厲害的；瀟灑的；劇烈的；時髦的153.smarting ['smɑ:ti?]

n.劇烈疼痛；刺痛

vi.感到刺痛；感到難受（smart的現在分詞）

adj.劇烈疼痛的154.smartly ['sma:tli]

adv.刺痛地；漂亮地；瀟灑地；火辣辣地

155.smartness ['sma:tnis]

n.機靈；敏捷；現代風格

156.smart phone 智能電話

157.smart card [計] 智能卡

158.smart money 撫恤金；罰款；因掌握內情而下的賭注；（英）傷兵撫恤

159.incubate ['??kj?be?t]

n.孵育物

vt.孵化；培養；溫育；逐漸發展 vi.孵化；醞釀

160.incubation [??kj?'be??(?)n]

n.孵化；[病毒][醫] 潛伏；抱蛋

161.incubator ['??kj?be?t?]

n.[禽] 孵卵器；[兒科] 保溫箱；早產兒保育器；細菌培養器

162.cookie ['k?k?] n.餅干；小甜點

163.cooky ['k?k?] n.餅干（等于cookie）

2008年10中科院考博英語真題單詞

164.touch coookie 堅強，有主意，不易受別人影響的人

165.gobble ['g?b(?)l]

n.火雞叫聲

vt.狼吞虎咽

vi.貪食；咯咯叫

166.gobble up 狼吞虎咽；貪婪地抓住

167.gobbler [g?bl?]

n.雄火雞；狼吞虎咽的人

168.fitness ['f?tn?s]

n.健康；適當；適合性

169.physical fitness 身體健康；體力；身體適宜性

170.fitness equipment 健身器材

171.fitness center 健身中心；健身房

172.tout [ta?t]

n.偵查者；兜售者

vt.兜售；招徠；刺探賽馬情報

vi.兜售；招徠顧客；拉選票

173.impersonal [?m'p??s(?)n(?)l]

n.非人稱動詞；不具人格的事物

adj.客觀的；非個人的；沒有人情味的；非人稱的174.impersonate [?m'p??s(?)ne?t]

vt.扮演；模仿；擬人，人格化

175.impersonation [im,p?:s?'nei??n]

n.扮演；模仿；裝扮

176.impersonator [im'p?:s?neit?(r)]

n.演員；模擬藝人

第二篇：中科院考博英語

考博英語范文總結十篇

一、Television Program and Their Effect on children

Television programs regularly entertain, educate, effect and even frighten the majority of our children.Most children are allowed to watch whatever program is on, with little thought on the effect that particular show will have on a child.Most programs can be classed as beneficial or harmful, according to what effect the program might have on a child.The beneficial television programs are mainly thouse that educate the young.There are often specials on animal life.A few regular children’s programs develop the child’s interest in school-type learning by stressing numbers and the alphablt, and that encourages him or her to be creative.The beneficial commercials, such as those on anti-smoking, anti-litter, and health, should be included in this category.On the opposite side are the shows, which are generally harmful to children.Many commercials, especially those sponsoring the children’s programs, are deliberately written to create a desire for an unnecessary product such as sugar coated cereals and candy.All adult programs that include violence or sex scenes can at best fill a child’s mind with confusing or misleading ideas, and could possib ly harden the child to violence.Thoughtful parents will definitely not allow their children to view the bad programs.A child’s viewing time should be limited to watching educationlly benefical programs.二、―The younger generaton knows best‖

Old people are always saying that the young are not what they were.The same comments is made from generation to generation and it is always true.It has never been truer than ti is today.The young are better educated.They have a lot more money to spend and enjoy more freedom.They grow up more quickly and are not so dependent on their parents.They think more for themselves and do not blindly accept the ideas of their elders.Events, which the older generation remembers vividly, are nothing more than past history.This is as it should be.Every new generation is different from the one preceded it.Today the difference is very marked indeed.The old always assume thaty they know best for the simple reason that they have been around a bit longer.They don’t like to feel that their values are being questioned or threatened.And this precisely what the young are doing.They are questioning the assumptions of their elders and disturbing their complacency.They take leave to doubt that the older generation has created the best of all possible worlds.What they reject more than anything is conformity.Office hours, for instance, are nothing more than enforced slavery.Wouldn’t people work best if they were given complete freedom and responsibility? And what about clothing? Who said that all the men in the world should wear drab grey suits and convict haircuts? If we turn our minds to more serious matters, who said that human differences can best be solved through conventional politics or by violent means? Who said that human differences can best be solved through conventional politics or by violent means? Who said that human differences can best be solved through conventional politics or by violent means? Why have the older generation so often used violence to solven their problems? Why are they so unhappy and guilt-ridden in their personal lives, so obsessed with mean ambitions and the desire to amass more and more material possessions? Can anything be right with the rat —race? Haven’t the old lost touch with all that is important in life?

There are not questions the older generation can shrug off lightly.Their record over the past forty years or so hasn’t been exactly spotless.Traditionally, the young have turned to their elders for guilance.Today, the situation might reversed.The old—if they are prepared to admit it — could learn a thing or two from their children.One of the biggest lessons they could learn is that enjoyment is not ―sinful‖.Enjoyment is a principle one could apply to all aspects of life.It is surely not wrong to enjoy your work and enjoy your leisure to shed restricting inhibitions.It is surely not wrong to live in the present rather than in the past or future.This emphasis on the present is only to be expressed because the young have grown up under the shadow of the bomb: the constant threat of complete annihilation.This is their glorious heritage.Can we be surprised that they should so often question the sanity of the generation that bequeathed it ?

三、How to Solve the Housing Problem in Big Cities

With the development of modern industryu, more and more people are flowing into big cities.Accordingly, the housing problem in big cities is becoming more and more serious.People have offered many solutions to this problem.I think building satellite cities in the suburbs is more practical.The fresh air and beautiful secnery in the suburbs will be appealing to the city citizens, who suffer from air pollution, noises, etc.in the overcrowded city.With more people leaving the city, more space will be available for those remaining.The housinmg problem in big cities will thus be solved.四、Public Transportation

As part of domestic modernization, public transportation needs to be developed urgently in China.I can illustrate some examples.There does not only exist serious traffic jams but also crowded buses, underground and railways.Commuters find it hard to get to work on time due to overcrowded buses or tubes.Travelers could hardly get on buses in big cities during weedends owing to fewer buses and more people.When Spring Festival is drawing near, there is much greater –ressure on public transportation since it has to deal with a large number of travelers rushing home.And travelers need special arrangements to go home.In a word, public transportation has become bottleneck to the advanc of Chinese economy.To solve the above-mentioned problems, the departments concerned should carry out the following steps: to build more roads, highways or railways and to add buses or trains to the original lines.But ther funds have to be raised both from the government and the public.There are three sources for fund raising.One is to raise the fares for all kinds of all transportation vehicles.Another is to increase the prices for various vehicles on sale.The third is to raise the prices of petrol and diesel oil in addtion to the governmental funds.If all this money to raise the prices of petrol and diesel oiil in addtion to the governmental funds.If all this money collected is used to improve transportation services, the situation will be bettered and favorable.The third step to take is to introduce new technology in order to raise the efficiency of vehicles.For instance, the speed of trains can be increased as much as two times so that two times as many people can be held.In this way, the pressure on public transportation can be dramatically alleviated.So in a word, we need to introduce new technology to raise the speed of vehicles while having built even wider roads and added more efficient trains and huses.五、Human Education

The other day, a professor from Peking University gave a lecture ―Chinese Intellectuals and Written Cultural Text‖.In his lecture, he held that Chinese intellectuals have lost the written cultural text since the May 4th movement.His opinion set us thinking that the loss of traditional humane education resulted in a crisis of cultural education.With the rapid development of economy, the living standard of the Chinese people has improved a lot in terms of material wealth.In a period when economics take priority, people pay more aned more attention to profit.At present, moneymaking and pleasure seeking are becoming a popular fashion.On the other hand, there appears a barren field of spirit in today’s society.It has become unexpectedly hard to rebuild the paradise of traditional culture.Ideological confusion, moral decline and a chaotic cultural market, all this shows that it is the high time to have something done in order to tackle the problem of cultural orientation.Our times call for an ideal humane education.It is unwise to discard traditional Chinese culture as a whole.Some of the elements of this culture can be made use of in the reconstruction of our spiritual civilizaiton directly or wit5h some adaptation.Our attitude towards tradition should be ―discarding the dross and selecting the essence‖.The humane education of the past can serve as a supplement to our Marxist education.It should start from primary school.In this way, our children will get educated so as to be possessed of a perfect personality.The national morale will be deeply rooted in people’s mind, and will help push forward the growth of economy.To sum up, we can find it badly necessary to build up an ideal humane education.We should find an efficient way to develop our humane education and dig out5 more resources form traditional Chinese culture.六、Criticism on Television

A lot of people believe that television has a harmful effect on chldren.A few years ago, the same criticisms were made of the cinema.But although child psychoilogists have spent a great deal of time studying his problem, there is not much evidence that television brings about teenager’s crimes.For people in the modern worlds share the views of parents a hundred years ago.In those days, writers for children carefully avoided any reference to sex in their books, but had not inhibitions about including scenes of violence.The evidence collected suggests, however, that neither the subject, nor the action in itself frightens children.The context in which cruely or violence occurs is much more important.A good guide to what is psychologically healthy for a small child is therefore provided by a television series in which a boy and a girl are supposed to be exploring distant planets with their parents.In each story, they encounter strange monsters and find themselves in dangerous situations but the parents are reassuring and sensible, as a child’s paprents should be in real life.There is an adult character who is a coward and liar, but both the children are brave and , of course, every story ends happily.In my view, children should be exposed to the problems of real life as soon as possible, but they cannont help seeing these through news programs.When they are being entertained, the healthiest atmosphere is one which the hero and heroine are children like themselves who behave naturally and confidently in any situation.七、he ony thing people are interesed in today is earing more money

Once upon a time there lived a beautiful young woman and a handsome young man.They were very poor, but as they were deeply in love, they wanted to get married.The young people’s parents shook their heads.―You can’t get married yet.‖ They said.Wait till you get a good job with good prospects.So the young people waited until they found good jobs with good prospects and they were able to get married.They were still poor, of course, they didn’t have a house to live in or any furniture, but that did’t matter.They young man had a good job with good prospects, so large organizations lent him the money he needed to buy a house, some furniture, all the latest electrical appliances and a car.The couple lived happily ever after paying off debts for the rest of their lves.And so ends another modern romantic fable.We live in a materialistic society and are trained from our earlist years to be acquistive.Our possessions, yours and mine are clearly labeled from early childhood.When we grow old enough to earn a living, it does not surpise us to discover that success is measured in terms of the money you earn.We spend the whole of ourlives keeping up with our neighbors, the Joneses.If we buy a new television set , Jones is bound to buy a bigger and better one.If we buy a new car, we can be sure that Jones will go one better and get two new cars: one for his wife and one for himself.The most amusing thing about this game is that Joneses and all the neighbors who are struggling frantically to keep up with them are spending borrowed money kindly provided, at a suitable rate of interest, of course, by friendly banks, insurance companies, etc.It is not only affluent societies that people are obsessed with the idea of making more money.Consumer goods are desirable everywhere and modern industry deliberately sets out to create new markets.Gone are the days when industrial goods were made to last forever.The wheels of industry must be kept turning.Built-in obsolescence provides the means;goods are made to be discarded.Cars get tinnier and tinnier.You no sooner acquire this year’s model than you are thinking about its replacement.This materialistic outlook has seriously influenced education.Fewer and fewer young people these days acquire knowledge only for its own sake.Every course of studies must lead somewhere.i.e.to a bigger wage packet.The demand for skilled personnel for exceeds the supply and big companies compete with each other to recruit students before they have completed their studies.Tempting salaries and ―fringe benefits‖ are offered to them.Recruiting tactics of this kind have led to the brain drain, the process by which highly skilled people offer their services to the highest bidder.The wealthier nations deprive their poorer neighbors of their most able citizens.While Mammon is worshipped as never before, the rich get richers and the poor, poorer.八、Communication and Language

One of the first things we think about when we hear the word communication language.There are thousands of languages spoken around the world today.In fact, linguistis say that there may be as many as 10000.Speaking with others is an important means of communication, but we can also communicate without using words, that is by nonverbal communication.Nonverbal communication includes voice quality, eyes movement, facial expression and body movements such as gestures and change in body position.But many people do not realize that everyone uses nonverbal communication.Sometimes, we ―say‖ more with our face and gestures that we do with our voices.Books, magazines, newspapers, radio, television, are other means of communication.Today we can also communicate over long distance with the help of communications satellites.Some scientists say that soon machines will be developed for sending message through the earth.The technology necessary to build these machines is very complex.But the language we speak every day is much more complex than the most modern communication technology.九、Cooperation Goes with Competition

In our times, cooperation and competition spread over the world.Both of them speed up the wheel of economy and enrich the intelligence of mankind.It is possible to accomplish a complicated program by only one person now.As we know, the more cooperation a company depends on, the more efficient it will become in business.Furthermore, we can’t avoid competition in our exchanges.From time to time, we compare ourselves with others, expecting to catch up with others.This is the spirit of competition, by which we pursue the highest goal.It is only by competition in the market that a company can raise its reputation.Were it not for competition, say, all of us would not enjoy what we have achieved.十、he Rise of Intellectual Property Protection

Intellectural property scarcely existed in the vocabularies of academic researchers and administrators even 15 years ago.Now it is an ever-present part of discussions on research policies and directions.This new importance of intellectual property in academia reflects a changing view on ther relationships of research at universities to the surrounding society.Until recently, research at universities has been relatively isolated from demands of economic utility,and education of graduate students has emphasized a career in academic research as the final goal.Now almost all research universities in the United States have technology licensing operations.The number of U.S.patents granted to American universities in a year rose from about 300 in 1980 to almost 2000 in 1995.The direct economic impact of technology licensing on the universities themselves has been relatively small.In contrast, the impact of university technology transfer on the local and national economies has been substantial, and leads to the concusion that the Licensing Act()is one of the most successful pieces of economic development in recent history.It has been estimated that more than 200000 jobs have been created in the United States in product development and manufacturing of products from university licenses, with the number increasing fairly rapidly as the licenses mature.Intellectual property terms have become vitally important.The company wants to be assured that it can use the results of the research-and that these results will not be available to their competitors.But most universities insist that transfer of research results is key to their identity and mission and will not agree to keep the project results secret.The key to resolving this dilemman is to grant patents: the university will publish the results, but will first agree to file patents that will protect the company’s privilege in the commercial market place.

第三篇：2007年中國科學院考博英語真題單詞總結

1.shoot up

射出；發芽；暴漲；迅速成長

2.pay up

全部付清

3.by no means

決不

4.parade [p?'re?d]

n.游行；閱兵；炫耀；行進；閱兵場

vt.游行；炫耀；列隊行進

vi.游行；炫耀；列隊行進

5.militant ['m?l?t(?)nt]

adj.好戰的

n.富有戰斗性的人；好斗者

6.untapped [?n't?pt]

adj.未開發的；未使用的；塞子未開的7.extravagantly [ik'str?v?g?ntli]

adv.揮霍無度地

8.solely ['s??ll?]

adv.單獨地，唯一地

9.substantial [s?b'st?n?(?)l]

adj.大量的；實質的；內容充實的n.本質；重要材料

10.brigade [br?'ge?d]

n.旅；大部隊；隊列

vt.把…編成旅；把…編成隊

11.contentious [k?n'ten??s]

adj.訴訟的；有異議的，引起爭論的；愛爭論的 12.animation [?n?'me??(?)n]

n.活潑，生氣；激勵；卡通片繪制

13.comic ['k?m?k]

adj.喜劇的；滑稽的；有趣的

n.連環漫畫；喜劇演員；滑稽人物

14.in pursuit of

尋求，追求

15.causal ['k??z(?)l]

adj.因果關系的；有原因的n.表示原因的連詞

16.deviant ['di?v??nt]

n.不正常者；偏移值；變異物

adj.不正常的；離經叛道的17.paradox ['p?r?d?ks]

n.悖論，反論；似非而是的論點；自相矛盾的人或事

18.bow side

右舷 | 左右舷側

19.mold [mold]

vt.塑造；使發霉；用模子制作

vi.發霉

n.霉菌；模子

20.moral ['m?r?l, 'm?:-]

adj.道德的；精神上的；品性端正的n.道德；寓意

21.poised [p??zd]

adj.泰然自若的，鎮定的；平衡的，均衡的；擺好姿勢不動的，靜止的22.deploy [di:'pl?i]

vt.配置；展開；使疏開

vi.部署；展開 n.部署

23.sheen [?i?n]

n.光輝，光澤，光彩

adj.光輝的；有光澤的；華麗的vi.閃耀；發光

24.malignancies

n.惡性腫瘤（malignancy的復數）

25.heck [hek]

int.真見鬼（hell的委婉說法）

n.飼草架

26.revitalize [,ri'va?t?la?z]

vt.使…復活；使…復興；使…恢復生氣

27.sequence ['si?kw(?)ns]

n.[數][計] 序列；順序；續發事件

vt.按順序排好

28.vulgarity [v?l'ɡ?r?ti]

n.粗俗；粗俗語；粗野的動作

29.warrant ['w?r(?)nt]

n.根據；證明；正當理由；委任狀

vt.保證；擔保；批準；辯解

30.melancholy ['mel?nk?l?]

adj.憂郁的；使人悲傷的n.憂郁；悲哀；愁思

31.ulcers

n.潰瘍，瘍（ulcer的復數）

32.chipmunk ['t??pm??k]

n.花栗鼠；[脊椎] 金花鼠

33.numbingly

adv.使失去感覺地；使麻木地

34.gloom [glu?m]

n.憂郁；陰暗

vi.變陰暗；變憂沉；感到沮喪

vt.使黑暗；使憂郁

35.primarily

36.passivity [p?'s?v?t?]

n.被動性；被動結構；無抵抗

37.claims

n.要求，請求權；索賠（claim的復數形式）；債權；權利要求

v.要求；主張（claim的第三人稱單數形式）

38.executive [iɡ'zekjutiv]

adj.行政的；經營的；執行的，經營管理的n.經理；執行委員會；執行者；經理主管人員

39.polyps

n.息肉（polyp的復數）

40.maximum ['m?ks?m?m]

n.[數] 極大，最大限度；最大量

adj.最高的；最多的；最大極限的41.evaporated [i'v?p?reitid]

adj.濃縮的；脫水的；蒸發干燥的v.蒸發；消失（evaporate的過去式）；失去水分 42.hedgerow ['hed?r??]

n.灌木籬墻

43.cumulative ['kju?mj?l?t?v]

adj.累積的

44.emperor ['emp?r?]

n.皇帝，君主

45.set

n.集合；一套；布景；裝置

vt.樹立；點燃；點綴；

vi.(日,月)落沉；凝固；結果

adj.固定的；規定的；固執的46.colon ['k??l?n]

n.[解剖] 結腸；冒號（用于引語、說明、例證等之前）；科郎（哥斯達黎加貨幣單位）

47.tale [teil]

n.故事；傳說；敘述；流言蜚語

48.uniquely [ju:'ni:kli]

adv.獨特地；珍奇地

49.decoration [d?k?'re??(?)n]

n.裝飾，裝潢；裝飾品；獎章

50.sponsor ['sp?ns?]

n.贊助者；主辦者；保證人 vt.贊助；發起

51.urban ['??b(?)n]

adj.城市的；住在都市的52.source [s??s]

n.來源；水源；原始資料

53.plagued

v.困擾（plague的過去分詞）；折磨

54.venture ['vent??]

vt.敢于 vi.冒險；投機 n.企業；風險；冒險

55.loath [l??θ]

adj.勉強的；不情愿的（等于loth）

56.dislocation [,d?sl?(?)'ke??(?)n]

n.轉位；混亂；[醫] 脫臼

57.lobby ['l?b?]

n.大廳；休息室；會客室；游說議員的團體

vt.對……進行游說 vi.游說議員

58.campaigner [k?m'pen?]

n.競選者；從軍者；出征者；老兵

59.desperate ['desp(?)r?t]

adj.不顧一切的；令人絕望的；極度渴望的60.blown [bl??n]

adj.吹制的，吹出的；開花的，盛開的；喘氣的v.風吹（blow的過去分詞）

61.regime [re?'?i?m]

n.政權，政體；社會制度；管理體制

62.midlife ['midlaif]

n.中年

63.quintet [kw?n'tet]

n.五重奏，五重唱；男子籃球隊；[計] 五位字節

64.responses [r?'spɑns]

n.響應回應

65.prone

prone: 傾向于 | 易發 | 俯臥的

66.fears

n.恐懼；擔心

v.恐懼；害怕；敬畏（fear的第三人稱單數）

67.shoot [?u:t]

vt.射擊，射中；拍攝；發芽；使爆炸；給…注射

vi.射擊；發芽；拍電影

n.射擊；攝影；狩獵；急流

68.spectacular [spek't?kj?l?]

adj.壯觀的，驚人的；公開展示的69.irritation [?r?'te??n]

n.刺激；刺激物；激怒；興奮

70.dampen ['d?mp(?)n]

vt.抑制；使…沮喪；使…潮濕 vi.潮濕；喪氣

71.banned [b?nd]

adj.被禁的 vt.禁止（ban的過去分詞）

72.reserves [ri'z?:vz]

n.儲量；準備金（reserve的復數）；后備隊

v.儲備；保留（reserve的三單形式）；預訂

73.force [f??s]

n.力量；武力；軍隊；魄力

vt.促使，推動；強迫；強加

74.midst [m?dst]

n.當中，中間

prep.在…中間（等于amidst）

75.interior [in'ti?ri?]

n.內部；本質

adj.內部的；國內的；本質的76.hierarchical organization

[測] 等級結構，分層結構；層次組織

77.cousin ['k?z(?)n]

n.堂兄弟姊妹；表兄弟姊妹

78.instigate ['?nst?ge?t]

vt.唆使；煽動；教唆；慫恿

79.rare [re?]

adj.稀有的；半熟的；稀薄的

adv.非常；極其 vi.用后腿站起；渴望

80.train [tre?n]

n.火車；行列；長隊；裙裾

v.培養；訓練；瞄準

81.portrayal [p??'tre??l]

n.描繪；畫像，肖像

82.beg [beg]

vt.乞討；懇求；回避正題 vi.乞討；請求

83.bathtub ['bɑ:θt?b]

n.浴缸

84.fines [fa?nz]

n.罰款（fine的復數）；粉末；細骨料

v.使精細；變好；處…以罰金（fine的三單形式）85.violent ['va??l(?)nt]

adj.暴力的；猛烈的86.aural ['??r(?)l]

adj.聽覺的；耳的；氣味的；先兆的87.panel ['p?n(?)l]

n.儀表板；嵌板；座談小組，全體陪審員

vt.嵌鑲板

88.network ['netw?:k]

n.網絡；廣播網；網狀物

89.flourish ['fl?r??]

n.興旺；茂盛；揮舞；炫耀；華飾

vt.夸耀；揮舞

vi.繁榮，興旺；茂盛；活躍；處于旺盛時期

90.effectiveness [?'fektivnis]

n.效力

91.driven ['dr?vn]

adj.被動的，受到驅策的

v.駕駛，開車（drive的過去分詞）

92.suspect [s?'spekt, 's?spekt]

n.嫌疑犯

adj.可疑的；不可信的vt.懷疑；猜想

vi.懷疑；猜想

93.coach [k?ut?]

n.教練；旅客車廂；長途公車；四輪大馬車

vt.訓練；指導

vi.作指導；接受輔導；坐馬車旅行

94.shelves [?elvz]

n.架子（shelf 的復數）

v.裝架（shelve的第三人稱單數形式）

95.obsess [?b'ses]

vt.迷住，纏住；使…著迷；使…困擾

96.turn off

關掉，關閉；拐彎，使轉變方向

97.naked ['neikid]

adj.裸體的；無裝飾的；無證據的；直率的98.sibling ['s?bl??]

n.兄弟姊妹；民族成員

99.cultivate ['k?lt?ve?t]

vt.培養；陶冶；耕作

100.shout [?a?t]

vi.呼喊；喊叫；大聲說

vt.呼喊；大聲說 n.呼喊；呼叫

101.intelligent [?n'tel?d?(?)nt]

adj.智能的；聰明的；理解力強的102.as heck

103.excitation [,eks?'te??(?)n]

n.激發，刺激；激勵；激動

104.approved [?'pru:vd]

adj.被認可的；經過檢驗的

v.核準；認可（approve的過去式）

105.permanently ['p?:m?n?ntli]

adv.永久地，長期不變地

106.feature ['fi?t??]

n.特色，特征；容貌；特寫或專題節目

vi.起重要作用 vt.特寫；以…為特色；由…主演107.Cleopatra [,kli?'pɑ:tr?]

n.克利歐佩特拉（女子名）；《埃及艷后》

108.anti ['?nt?]

adj.反對的 n.反對者，反對論者

109.arthritis [ɑ?'θra?t?s]

n.[外科] 關節炎

110.seductively [si'd?ktivli]

adv.誘惑地；勾引地

111.disciples

n.門徒（disciple的復數）

v.教育（disciple的第三人稱單數形式）

112.in less than

不到

113.fellow ['fel??]

n.家伙；朋友；同事；會員

adj.同伴的，同事的；同道的

vt.使…與另一個對等；使…與另一個匹敵

114.self-deprecating [,self'deprikeiti?]

adj.自貶的；謙虛的（等于self-deprecatory）

115.exaggerate [?g'z?d??re?t;eg-]

vt.使擴大；使增大 vi.夸大；夸張

116.sought [s??t]

v.尋找（seek的過去式和過去分詞）

117.affirm [?'f?:m]

vt.肯定；斷言 vi.確認；斷言

118.dismissed [dis'mist]

v.開除，解散（dismiss的過去分詞）；摒棄

adj.解雇的；解散的，被排除的119.erect [i'rekt]

vt.使豎立；建造；安裝

adj.豎立的；筆直的；因性刺激而勃起的vi.直立；勃起

120.unmitigated [?n'm?t?ge?t?d]

adj.全然的；嚴厲的；未緩和的121.irony ['a?r?n?]

n.諷刺；反語；具有諷刺意味的事

adj.鐵的；似鐵的

122.bittersweet ['b?t?swi?t]

adj.苦樂參半的；又苦又甜的n.又苦又甜的東西；蜀羊泉

123.rotting ['r?ti?]

vt.腐敗，腐壞之（rot的現在分詞形式）；深蝕刻 n.漚麻

124.humane [hju:'mein]

adj.仁慈的，人道的；高尚的125.cart [kɑ?t]

n.二輪運貨馬車 vt.用車裝載

vi.駕運貨馬車；用運貨車運送

126.input ['input]

n.投入；輸入電路 vt.輸入；將…輸入電腦

127.deteriorating

v.退化，惡化（deteriorate的ing形式）

128.hound [ha?nd]

vt.追獵；煩擾；激勵 n.獵犬；卑劣的人

129.previously ['privi?sli]

adv.以前；預先；倉促地

130.modernity [m?'d??n?t?]

n.現代性；現代的東西；新式

131.revival [r?'va?v(?)l]

n.復興；復活；蘇醒；恢復精神；再生效

132.posture ['p?st??]

n.姿勢；態度；情形 vi.擺姿勢 vt.作…的姿勢 133.oarsman ['??zm?n]

n.劃手；劃槳能手

134.physicians [f?'z???n]

n.內科醫生（physician的復數）

135.expectation [,ekspek'tei??n]

n.期待；預期；指望

136.carcass ['kɑrk?s]

n.（人或動物的）尸體；殘骸；（除臟去頭備食

用的）畜體

137.in the context of

在…情況下；在…背景下

138.disposition [d?sp?'z??(?)n]

n.處置；[心理] 性情；[軍] 部署；傾向

139.glaring ['gle?r??]

adj.耀眼的；瞪視的；炯炯的140.forecast ['f?:kɑ:st]

vt.預報，預測；預示 n.預測，預報；預想

vi.進行預報，作預測

141.rubbery ['r?b?r?]

adj.橡膠似的；有彈力的；堅韌的142.promise ['pr?m?s]

n.許諾，允諾；希望

vt.允諾，許諾；給人以…的指望或希望

vi.許諾；有指望，有前途

143.squad [skw?d]

n.[軍]班；小隊；五人組（籃球隊的非正式說法）vt.把…編成班；把…編入班

144.specifically [sp?'s?f?kli]

adv.特別地；明確地

145.pinpoint ['p?np??nt]

vt.查明；精確地找到；準確描述

adj.精確的；詳盡的

n.針尖；精確位置；極小之物

146.usefulness ['ju:sfulnis]

n.有用；有效性；有益

147.sustain [s?'ste?n]

vt.維持；支撐，承擔；忍受；供養；證實

148.ironically [a?'rɑn?kli]

adv.諷刺地；說反話地

149.advisory [?d'va?z(?)r?]

adj.咨詢的；顧問的；勸告的 n.報告；公告

150.clarify ['kl?rifai]

vt.澄清；闡明

vi.得到澄清；變得明晰；得到凈化

151.pour [p??]

n.傾瀉；流出；驟雨

vt.灌，注；倒；傾瀉；傾吐

vi.傾瀉；涌流；斟茶

152.estranged [?'strend?d]

adj.疏遠的；不和的

v.使疏遠；使隔離；使離間（estrange的過去分 詞）

153.on the spot

立刻，當場；在危險中；處于負責地位

154.relieve [r?'li?v]

vt.解除，減輕；使不單調乏味；換…的班；解圍；

使放心

155.visual ['v??j??l;-zj-]

adj.視覺的，視力的；栩栩如生的156.nightmare ['na?tme?]

n.惡夢；夢魘般的經歷

adj.可怕的；噩夢似的157.takeover ['te?k??v?]

n.接管；驗收

158.comedy ['k?m?d?]

n.喜劇；喜劇性；有趣的事情

159.delight [d?'la?t]

n.高興 vi.高興 vt.使高興

160.enameled [i'n?m?ld]

adj.涂琺瑯的；上釉的，涂漆的

v.涂瓷釉于；使光滑（enamel的過去分詞）

161.litter ['l?t?]

n.垃圾；轎，擔架；一窩（動物的幼崽）；凌亂 vt.亂丟；給…墊褥草；把…弄得亂七八糟

vi.產仔；亂扔廢棄物

162.trigger ['tr?g?]

vt.引發，引起；觸發 vi.松開扳柄

n.扳機；[電子] 觸發器；制滑機

163.instigation [,insti'ɡei??n]

n.煽動，鼓動；教唆；刺激

164.mutual ['mju?t???l;-tj??l]

adj.共同的；相互的，彼此的165.formal occasion 公司禮儀

166.disillusionment [d?s?'lu??(?)nm(?)nt]

n.幻滅；醒悟

167.elevate ['el?ve?t]

vt.提升；舉起；振奮情緒等；提升…的職位

168.allegedly [?'led?idli] adv.依其申述

169.rower ['ro?] n.槳手

170.lead up 引入；搶先

171.pack

172.remote [r?'m??t]

adj.遙遠的；偏僻的；疏遠的 n.遠程

173.rebellion [r?'belj?n]

n.叛亂；反抗；謀反；不服從

174.exposure [?k'sp????;ek-]

n.暴露；曝光；揭露；陳列

175.afterward ['ɑ:ft?w?d, '?f-] adv.以后，后來

176.fit [f?t]

vt.安裝；使……適應；使……合身；與……相符 vi.符合，配合；適合；合身

adj.健康的；合適的；恰當的；準備好的n.合身；發作；痙攣

177.fresh [fre?]

adj.新鮮的；清新的；淡水的；無經驗的n.開始；新生；泛濫 adv.剛剛，才；最新地

178.isolation [a?s?'le??(?)n]

n.隔離；孤立；[電] 絕緣；[化學] 離析

179.crowd [kra?d]

n.群眾,一伙;一堆,許多,大眾 v.擁擠,擠滿,擠進

vt.擠滿,將...塞進;催促,催逼 vi.擠,擁擠,聚集

180.lit [l?t]

adj.照亮的，點著的（light的過去式及過去分詞）

181.palpable ['p?lp?b(?)l]

adj.明顯的；可感知的；易覺察的182.vision ['v??(?)n]

n.視力；美景；眼力；幻象；想象力

vt.想象；顯現；夢見

183.labour ['le?b?]

n.勞動力，人工；分娩 vi.勞動；分娩；費力地前進

184.hold firm 抓牢；固守

185.amiable ['e?m??b(?)l]

adj.和藹可親的，親切的186.eliminate [?'l?m?ne?t]

vt.消除；排除

187.deprive [d?'pra?v]

vt.使喪失，剝奪

188.with kind regards

（寫在信末）謹致問候；此致敬禮

189.ignore [?g'n??]

vt.駁回訴訟；忽視；不理睬

190.squabble ['skw?b(?)l]

vi.發生口角；大聲爭吵 vt.弄亂（排好的鉛字）

n.爭吵；口角

191.mutiny ['mju?t?n?]

n.兵變；叛亂；暴動 vi.反叛；暴動；參加叛亂

192.go ahead 前進；進行

193.concern about

對…表示擔心/憂慮；使（自己）關心…

194.sponsored ['sp?ns?d]

adj.贊助的；發起的

v.贊助（sponsor的過去分詞）；發起

195.influential [,?nfl?'en?(?)l]

adj.有影響的；有勢力的196.regardless of 不顧，不管

197.stand by 支持；袖手旁觀；準備；站在旁邊

198.mutt [m?t] n.雜種狗；笨蛋

199.publicized

v.宣傳（publicize的過去分詞）；公布；廣告

200.fluency ['flu??ns?]

n.流暢，流利

201.inhibitors

n.抑制劑；禁制因素，抑制因子；阻止劑（inhibitor的復數）

202.whilst [wa?lst]

conj.同時；時時，有時；當…的時候

203.counterpart ['ka?nt?pɑ?t]

n.副本；配對物；極相似的人或物

224.predecessor ['pri?d?ses?]

n.前任，前輩

225.unattainable [?n?'te?n?b(?)l]

adj.做不到的；難到達的

226.be eligible for

有資格的；符號的條件

227.companion [k?m'p?nj?n]

n.同伴；朋友；指南；手冊 vt.陪伴

204.find in

向…提供(錢物等)：；在(某地)發現(某人、某物等)：

228.definite ['def?n?t]

205.dual-

dual-: 二元的206.opponent [?'p??n?nt] n.對手；反對者；敵手 adj.對立的；敵對的207.prominence ['pr?m?n?ns] n.突出；顯著；突出物；卓越

208.canton ['k?nt?n(?)l;k?n't??n(?)l] n.行政區，州

vt.為…分配營房；把…劃分成州，把…劃成行政區

209.mother tongue 母語；本國語言

210.go way 發展

211.emotive [?'m??t?v] adj.感情的；情緒的；表現感情的212.imagination [?,m?d??'ne??(?)n] n.[心理] 想象力；空想；幻想物

213.on-the-spot ['?ne?'sp?t] adj.現場的214.much less 更不用說；不及

215.barrister ['b?r?st?] n.律師；（加拿大）出庭律師（等于arrister-at-law）；（英）（有資格出席高等法庭并辯護的）專門律師

216.oral ['??r(?)l] adj.口頭的，口述的 n.口試

217.in due course

在適當的時候；及時地；順次

218.proposed [pr?u'p?uzd] adj.被提議的；所推薦的v.提議；計劃（propose的過去式和過去分詞）

219.undesirable [?nd?'za??r?b(?)l] adj.不良的；不受歡迎的；不合需要的n.不良分子；不受歡迎的人

220.prone to 有…傾向的221.serious ['s??r??s] adj.嚴肅的，嚴重的；認真的；莊重的；危急的222.at any rate 無論如何，至少

223.split [spl?t] vt.分離；使分離；劈開；離開

vi.離開；被劈開；斷絕關系

n.劈開；裂縫 adj.劈開的adj.一定的；確切的229.mitigate ['m?t?ge?t] vt.使緩和，使減輕 vi.減輕，緩和下來

230.mature [m?'t???] adj.成熟的；充分考慮的；到期的；成年人的

vi.成熟；到期

vt.使…成熟；使…長成；慎重作出

231.agility [?'d?il?ti] n.敏捷；靈活；機敏

232.overwhelming [,ov?'w?lm??] adj.壓倒性的；勢不可擋的v.壓倒；淹沒（overwhelm的ing形式）；制服

233.Scottish ['sk?ti?]

adj.蘇格蘭的；蘇格蘭人的；蘇格蘭語的n.蘇格蘭人；蘇格蘭語

234.prosecuted ['pr?sikju:tid] adj.被起訴的v.起訴（prosecute的過去分詞）；經營；貫徹

235.hold water

站得住腳；合情合理；說得通；能盛水

236.even though 雖然，即使

237.outperform [a?tp?'f??m]

vt.勝過；做得比……好

238.reject [r?'d?ekt] vt.拒絕；排斥；抵制；丟棄

n.被棄之物或人；次品

239.respected [ri'spektid] adj.受尊敬的v.尊敬；重視（respect的過去式和過去分詞）Respected: 受尊敬的 | 品德上高尚的人 | 推崇240.consistent [k?n's?st(?)nt] adj.始終如一的，一致的；堅持的consistent: 一致的 | 一貫的 | 一致性

241.surgery ['s??d?(?)r?] n.外科；外科手術；手術室；診療室

surgery: 手術 | 外科 | 外科手術

242.institutional [?nst?'tju??(?)n(?)l] adj.制度的；制度上的；學會的243.degenerate [d?'d?en(?)r?t]

vt.使退化；惡化 vi.退化；墮落

adj.退化的；墮落的 n.墮落的人

244.guard [gɑ?d]

n.守衛；警戒；護衛隊；防護裝置

vi.警惕 vt.保衛；監視

245.dissemination [d?,s?m?'ne??n]

n.宣傳；散播；傳染（病毒）

246.distill [d?s't?l]

vt.提取；蒸餾；使滴下

vi.蒸餾；滴下；作為精華產生（等于distil）

247.capital ['k?p?t(?)l]

n.首都，省會；資金；大寫字母；資本家

adj.首都的；重要的；大寫的248.pessimistic [,pes?'m?st?k]

adj.悲觀的，厭世的；悲觀主義的249.verge [v??d?]

vi.瀕臨，接近；處在邊緣 n.邊緣

250.impulsively [?m'p?ls?vli]

adv.有推動力地

251.against the will 并非自愿

252.refuse [r?'fju?z]

n.垃圾；廢物 vt.拒絕；不愿；抵制 vi.拒絕

253.overflow [??v?'fl??]

vi.溢出；泛濫；充溢

n.充滿，洋溢；泛濫；超值；溢值

vt.使溢出；使泛濫；使充溢

254.craftsmanship ['kr?ftsm?n??p]

n.技術；技藝

255.respectful [r?'spek(t)f?l;-f(?)l]

adj.恭敬的；有禮貌的256.chapter ['t??pt?]

n.章，回；（俱樂部、協會等的）分會；人生或歷史上的重要時期 vt.把…分成章節

257.obsolete ['?bs?li?t]

adj.廢棄的；老式的 n.廢詞；陳腐的人 vt.淘汰；廢棄

258.magnitude ['m?gn?tju?d]

n.大小；量級；[地震] 震級；重要；光度

259.obscene [?b'si?n]

adj.淫穢的；猥褻的；可憎的260.diverse [da?'v??s;'da?v??s]

adj.不同的；多種多樣的；變化多的261.shameless ['?e?ml?s]

adj.無恥的；不要臉的；傷風敗俗的262.terrorist ['t?r?r?st]

n.恐怖主義者，恐怖分子

263.session ['se?(?)n]

n.會議；開庭；開會；學期；講習會

264.at odds 爭執（不一致）

265.on account of

由于；因為；為了…的緣故

266.enormous [?'n??m?s]

adj.龐大的，巨大的；兇暴的，極惡的267.Swiss [sw?s]

adj.瑞士的；瑞士人的；瑞士風格的n.瑞士人；瑞士腔調

268.in tempo 按原速

269.keep off 讓開；不接近

270.reluctantly [r?'l?kt?ntli]

adv.不情愿地；嫌惡地

271.accomplices [?'kɑmpl?s]

n.共犯者們；同謀犯（accomplice的復數）

272.insoluble [?n's?lj?b(?)l]

adj.不能解決的；[化學] 不能溶解的；難以解釋的

273.morale [m?'rɑ?l]

n.士氣，斗志

274.put off

推遲；扔掉；阻止

275.enslave [?n'sle?v;en-]

vt.束縛；征服；使某人成為奴隸

276.impeccable [?m'pek?b(?)l]

adj.無瑕疵的；沒有缺點的

277.confederation [k?nfed?'re??(?)n]

n.聯盟；邦聯；同盟

278.monolingual [m?n?(?)'l??gw(?)l]

adj.單語的；僅用一種語言的；僅懂一種語言的 n.只用一種語言的人

279.press [pres]

vt.壓；按；逼迫；緊抱 vi.壓；逼；重壓

n.壓；按；新聞；出版社；[印刷] 印刷機

280.material [m?'t??r??l]

adj.重要的；物質的，實質性的；肉體的n.材料，原料；物資；布料

281.count for

有價值，有重要性

282.complacent [k?m'ple?s(?)nt]

adj.自滿的；得意的；滿足的283.oblique [?'bli?k]

adj.斜的；不光明正大的n.傾斜物

vi.傾斜

284.pornographer [p?r'nɑɡr?f?]

n.春畫畫家；色情文學作家

285.zealously ['zel?sli]

adv.熱心地，積極地

286.profile ['pr??fa?l] n.側面；輪廓；外形；剖面

287.by the same token 同樣地；出于同樣原因

288.enormous amount of capital 巨資

289.approve of 贊成

290.musician [mju?'z??(?)n] n.音樂家

291.now and then 偶爾；有時

292.suffice [s?'fa?s]

vt.使滿足；足夠…用；合格

vi.足夠；有能力

293.stream [stri?m]

n.溪流；流動；潮流；光線

vi.流；涌進；飄揚 vt.流出；涌出；使飄動

294.anxiously ['??k??sli]

adv.不安地，憂慮地

295.subject to

使服從；使遭受；受…管制

296.swing [sw??]

n.搖擺；擺動；秋千；音律；漲落

vi.搖擺；轉向；懸掛；大搖大擺地行走

vt.使旋轉；揮舞；懸掛

adj.旋轉的；懸掛的；強節奏爵士音樂的297.literature ['l?t(?)r?t??]

n.文學；文獻；文藝；著作

298.strip [str?p]

vt.剝奪；剝去；脫去衣服

n.帶；條狀；脫衣舞 vi.脫去衣服

299.consist of 由…構成300.inhuman [?n'hju?m?n]

adj.殘忍的；野蠻的；無人性的301.ingenious [?n'd?i?n??s]

adj.有獨創性的；機靈的，精制的；心靈手巧的 302.instant ['?nst(?)nt]

adj.立即的；緊急的；緊迫的 n.瞬間；立即；片刻

303.carelessness ['k?rl?sn?s] n.粗心大意

304.soak [s??k]

vt.吸收，吸入；沉浸在（工作或學習中）；使……上下濕透 vi.浸泡；滲透 n.浸；濕透；大雨

305.artificial [ɑ?t?'f??(?)l]

adj.人造的；仿造的；虛偽的；非原產地的；武斷的

306.allergic [?'l??d??k]

adj.對…過敏的；對…極討厭的307.sank [s??k]

vt.沉陷（sink的過去式）vi.沉陷

308.hold up

舉起；阻擋；攔截

309.susceptible to

adj.易受...影響的；對…敏感的310.by virtue of 由于，憑借

311.poll [p??l]

n.投票；民意測驗；投票數；投票所

vt.投票；剪短；對…進行民意測驗；獲得選票

vi.投票 adj.無角的；剪過毛的；修過枝的312.submerge [s?b'm??d?]

vt.淹沒；把…浸入；沉浸

vi.淹沒；潛入水中；湮沒

313.documented ['dɑkj?,m?nt]

adj.備有證明文件的314.strictly ['str?ktli]

adv.嚴格地；完全地；確實地

315.perplex [p?'pleks]

vt.使困惑，使為難；使復雜化

316.intangible [?n't?n(d)??b(?)l]

adj.無形的，觸摸不到的；難以理解的317.assimilation [?,s?m?'le???n]

n.同化；吸收；[生化] 同化作用

318.discipline ['d?s?pl?n]

n.學科；紀律；訓練；懲罰

vt.訓練，訓導；懲戒

319.stimulate ['st?mj?le?t]

vt.刺激；鼓舞，激勵

vi.起刺激作用；起促進作用

320.out-of-tone 失調

321.thoroughly ['θ?ro] adv.徹底地，完全地

322.misperception [,misp?'sep??n] n.錯誤知覺

323.sympathetic [s?mp?'θet?k]

adj.同情的；交感神經的；共鳴的；贊同的；和諧的；合意的

n.交感神經；容易感受的人

324.hearer ['h?r?]

n.聽者；旁聽人

325.committee [k?'m?t?]

n.委員會

326.plenary ['pli?n?r?]

adj.充分的；全體出席的 n.全體會議

327.inverse ['?nv??s;?n'v??s]

n.相反；倒轉 adj.相反的；倒轉的vt.使倒轉；使顛倒

328.outrageous [a?t're?d??s]

adj.粗暴的；可惡的；令人吃驚的329.accountable for

負責，對…應付責任

330.stunning ['st?n??]

adj.極好的；使人暈倒的；震耳欲聾的

v.把…打昏；使震耳欲聾；使大吃一驚（stun的 ing形式）

331.dismiss [d?s'm?s]

vt.解散；解雇；開除；讓...離開 vi.解散

332.magnificence [m?ɡ'n?f?sns]

n.壯麗；宏偉；富麗堂皇

333.squeeze [skwi?z]

vt.擠；緊握；勒索 vi.壓榨

n.壓榨；緊握；擁擠；傭金

334.substantiate [s?b'st?n??e?t]

vt.證實；使實體化

335.suck [s?k]

vt.吸吮；吸取 vi.吸吮；糟糕；巴結

n.吮吸

336.eccentric [?k'sentr?k;ek-]

adj.古怪的，反常的 n.古怪的人

337.on the eve of 在…的前夜

338.hostile ['h?sta?l]

adj.敵對的，敵方的；懷敵意的 n.敵對

339.take back 拿回；撤消

340.rhythmic ['r?em?k]

adj.[生物] 有節奏的（等于rhythmical）；間歇的；合拍的 n.韻律論（等于rhythmics）

341.respecting [r?'spekt??]

prep.關于；就…而言；鑒于

v.尊敬；考慮（respect的ing形式）

342.entitled [?n'ta?tl]

adj.有資格的；給與名稱的

v.給…權利；給…定書名；授…以榮譽（entitle的過去分詞）

343.preference ['pref(?)r(?)ns]

n.偏愛，傾向；優先權

344.weapon ['wep(?)n]

n.武器，兵器

345.minor ['ma?n?]

adj.未成年的；次要的；較小的；小調的；二流的 n.未成年人；小調；副修科目 vi.副修

346.eligible ['el?d??b(?)l]

adj.合格的，合適的；符合條件的；有資格當選的 n.合格者；適任者；有資格者

347.owe [??]

vt.欠；感激；應給予；應該把……歸功于

vi.欠錢

348.compatible [k?m'p?t?b(?)l]

adj.兼容的；能共處的；可并立的349.defense [d?'f?ns]

n.防衛，防護；防御措施；防守 vt.謀劃抵御

350.distinctive [d?'st??(k)t?v]

adj.有特色的，與眾不同的351.propose [pr?'p??z]

vt.建議；打算，計劃；求婚

vi.建議；求婚；打算

352.prevent [pr?'vent]

vt.預防，防止；阻止 vi.妨礙，阻止

353.interaction [?nt?r'?k?(?)n]

n.相互作用；[數] 交互作用 n.互動

354.at the mercy of 受…支配

355.obedient [?'bi?d??nt]

adj.順從的，服從的；孝順的356.neglect [n?'glekt]

vt.疏忽，忽視；忽略 n.疏忽，忽視；怠慢

357.fiery ['fa??r?]

adj.熱烈的，熾烈的；暴躁的；燃燒般的358.respective [r?'spekt?v]

adj.分別的，各自的359.demolish [d?'m?l??]

vt.拆除；破壞；毀壞；推翻；駁倒

360.infer [?n'f??]

vt.推斷；推論 vi.推斷；作出推論

361.marginal ['mɑ?d??n(?)l]

adj.邊緣的；臨界的；末端的362.reprocess [ri?'pr??ses]

vt.再加工；使…再生

363.provisional [pr?'v??(?)n(?)l]

adj.臨時的，暫時的；暫定的 n.臨時郵票

364.accomplice [?'k?mpl?s;?'k?m-]

n.同謀者，[法] 共犯

365.panelist ['p?n?l?st]

n.專門小組成員；專題討論小組參加者（等于panellist）

366.inhibitor [?n'h?b?t?]

n.[助劑] 抑制劑，抗化劑；抑制者

367.interrupted [?nt?'r?pt?d]

adj.中斷的；被打斷的；不規則的

vt.打斷；中斷（interrupt的過去分詞）

368.caution ['k???(?)n]

n.小心，謹慎；警告，警示 vt.警告

369.clinic ['kl?n?k]

n.臨床；診所

370.quadrangular [kwɑ'dr??ɡj?l?]

adj.四邊形的；四角形的371.sexist ['s?ks?st]

n.性別歧視者；男性至上主義者

adj.性別主義者的；性別歧視者的372.gracious ['gre???s]

adj.親切的；高尚的；和藹的；雅致的int.天哪；哎呀 373.employee [empl??'i?;em'pl??i?;?m-]

n.雇員；從業員工

374.esophagus [i?'s?f?ɡ?s]

n.[解剖] 食管；[解剖] 食道

375.analgesics [,?n?l'd?i:ziks]

n.鎮痛藥；止痛劑（analgesic的復數形式）

376.minimizing ['m?n?,ma?z]

n.[數][自] 極小化；求最小參數值

adj.極小值的

v.將…減到最少（minimize的ing形式）

377.blow around

討論

378.abiding [?'ba?d??]

adj.持久的，永久的；不變的

v.遵守；容忍；繼續存在（abide的現在分詞）379.biased ['ba??st]

adj.有偏見的；結果偏倚的，有偏的380.fine [fa?n]

adj.好的；優良的；細小的，精美的；健康的；晴朗的 n.罰款 vt.罰款；澄清

adv.很好地；精巧地

381.fantasy ['f?nt?s?;-z?]

n.幻想；白日夢；幻覺

adj.虛幻的 vt.空想；想像

vi.耽于幻想；奏幻想曲（等于phantasy）

382.energizing ['?n?,d?a?z]

v.激勵（energize的現在分詞）；通電

383.slapstick ['sl?pst?k]

n.趣劇；低俗的鬧劇

384.priceless ['pra?sl?s]

adj.無價的；極貴重的；非常有趣的n.非賣品

385.original [?'r?d??n(?)l;?-]

n.原件；原作；原物；原型

adj.原始的；最初的；獨創的；新穎的386.grumpy ['gr?mp?]

adj.脾氣暴躁的；性情乖戾的n.脾氣壞的人；愛抱怨的人

387.whisky ['w?ski]

n.威士忌酒 adj.威士忌酒的388.jet [d?et]

n.噴射，噴嘴；噴氣式飛機；黑玉

adj.墨黑的 vt.射出

vi.射出；[航] 乘噴氣式飛機

389.spirit ['sp?r?t]

n.精神；心靈；情緒；志氣；烈酒

vt.鼓勵；鼓舞；誘拐

390.air-conditioned ['??k?n,di?nd]

adj.備有空調裝置的v.給…裝上空調器；用空調器調節（air-condition的過去分詞）

391.distorted [d?s't?rt?d]

adj.歪曲的；受到曲解的

v.扭曲（distortasd的過去式和過去分詞）

392.confronted

面對

393.unban [,?n'b?n]

vt.準許

394.temple ['temp(?)l]

n.廟宇；寺院；神殿；太陽穴

395.burnout ['b??na?t]

n.燒壞；燃料燒盡

396.horizon [h?'ra?z(?)n]

n.[天] 地平線；視野；眼界；范圍

397.revitalized

v.復興，復活；恢復（revitalize的過去分詞形式）398.enrich [?n'r?t?;en-]

vt.使充實；使肥沃；使富足

399.deprecating ['s?lf'd?pr?,ket??]

adj.不以為然的；不贊成的v.對…表示不贊成；輕視（deprecate的ing形式）400.alien ['e?l??n]

adj.外國的；相異的，性質不同的；不相容的n.外國人，外僑；外星人

vt.讓渡，轉讓

401.be impressed by

被...所感動；被...給予深刻印象

402.in a mess

亂糟糟，一團糟

403.fortunate ['f??t?(?)n?t]

adj.幸運的；僥幸的；吉祥的；帶來幸運的404.elderly ['eld?l?]

adj.上了年紀的；過了中年的；稍老的405.ineligible [?n'el?d??b(?)l]

adj.不合格的；不適任的；無被選資格的n.無被選資格的人

第四篇：中科院考博英語作文材料

Kobe Bryant can be a good case of how diligence works in our life.When asked by one of his friends that what is the secret of his success, he replied with humor and implication that，“Do you know how Los Angeles looks like at 4 o'clock AM ? I know.”Obviously, how could he, one of the greatest basketball players throughout the history of mankind who was once deemed not appropriate for playing basketball, have achieved unprecedented success in NBA without diligence ?

科比.布萊恩特是一個證明勤奮是如何起作用的很好的例子。當被他的一個好朋友問到他成功的秘訣的時候，他幽默而又意義深遠地回答到：“你知道洛杉磯凌晨四點的樣子嗎？我知道。”很明顯，這位曾經被認為不太適合打籃球的、人類歷史上最偉大的籃球運動員之一的科比，如果沒有勤奮的話，怎么可能在美職籃獲得史無前例的成功呢？

Thomas Edison，one of the greatest inventors and entrepreneurs throughout the history of mankind, could be best case of how persistence works in the course of pursuing success.Just imagine, having experienced thousands of times of unsuccessful attempts, how could he have succeeded in inventing the first electric lamp and changed the world without persistence?

人類歷史上最偉大的發明家、企業家之一的愛迪生就是堅持如何在追求成功的過程中起作用的最好的例子。試想一下，如果沒有堅持，他如何能夠在經歷了數以千計的失敗的嘗試后依舊不放棄，直至最后發明出第一盞點燈并改變全世界呢？

To further illustrate the importance of being patient, I would like to take Thomas Edison as a case in point: as one of the greatest inventors throughout the history of mankind who experienced thousands of times of unsuccessful attempts in the course of scientific inquiry, how could he have invented the first electric lamp and changed the world without patience and persistence ?

為了進一步證明能夠耐心的重要性，我想以托馬斯.愛迪生作為例子：作為人類歷史上最為的、在科學探索中經歷數以千次的失敗嘗試的發明家，如果沒有耐心和堅持，他如何能夠發明出第一盞電燈并且改變世界？

Besides, surveys conducted by some biographers have also demonstrated that almost all of the great men and celebrities have built their mansion of success on the bedrock of adversities.Take Georgia Washiton, one of the greatest founding fathers of the United States of America, as a case in point：to break away from the British Empire and became an independent country，he led the American War of Independence.However，problems and challenges such as inexperience of war, adverse weather condition, shortage of ammunition and smallbox arose.Confronted with such an adversity, he became more mature and composed, and then won the Revolutionary War finally through his courage and wisdom resulted from supassing adversity.而且，由一些傳記作者展開的調查也已經發現，幾乎所有的偉大的人物和名人都將自己成功的大廈建立在逆境的基石上。以美國最偉大的開國之父之一喬治亞.華盛頓為例，為了脫離英國的殖民統治，建立一個獨立的國家，他領導了美國獨立戰爭。但卻遇到了諸如戰爭經驗不足、氣候條件惡劣、彈藥不足及天花肆虐等各種問題和挑戰。面對這樣的逆境，華盛頓變得更加成熟鎮定，并最終用自己戰勝逆境的勇氣和智慧，贏得了這場戰爭的最后勝利。

Honesty can be a more noble quality than intelligence,abilities and anything you can learn from books.George Washington，one of the most influential founding fathers of US, was not only famous for his wisdom, courage and political talent，but also his honesty.When he was a little boy, out of curiosity he chopped down the cherry tree planted by his father.Confronted with his father's query，he did not lie to him but admitted his fault frankly.Then, his father exclaimed with gratification，“an honest boy is more valuable than one thousand trees!”

誠實甚至是比智慧、能力和任何你能從書上學到的知識更為高尚的品質。美國開國之父喬治亞華盛頓，不僅以他的智慧、勇敢和政治才能聞名，更以誠實為人聞名。在小的時候，他曾經砍掉了父親栽種的一株櫻桃樹，面對父親的詢問，他沒有撒謊，而是誠實地承認了自己的行為。他的父親感嘆：“一個誠實的孩子勝過一千株櫻桃樹”！

Jeremy Lin, one of the most famous Chinese American basketball players, can be a good case of how confidence works in the course of pursuing success.He was once a common and little-known player at Harvard University.When fell on his evil days and became homeless, he could only live in his friends' home and sleep on the sofa.Without confidence and diligence, how could he have distinguished himself from other excellent players and achieved unprecedented success in NBA?

作為最著名的華裔籃球運動員之一的林書豪就是證明自信在追求成功的過程中是如何起作用的最好的例子。他曾經只是哈佛大學校隊的一名普通運動員，落魄的時候，無家可歸，甚至只能住在朋友的家里。如果沒有強大的自信心和自身的努力，他怎么可能在高手如林的美職籃賽場上脫穎而出并且最終取得史無前例的成功呢？

第五篇：中國人民大學-考博英語真題

中國人民大學——英語2004年博士研究生入學考試試題

客觀題部分

請用鉛筆將此部分試題的答案填涂在答題卡上，否則無效！II.Vocabulary(10 points)PartA(5 points)Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices

marked iL B, C arm 1).Choose the:one thatbest completes the

sentence and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across

the square bracket on ANSWER SHEET 1.Example: She prefers foreign wine to that produced__ A.previously B.vLrtually

C.primarily D.domestically The sentence should read,;“She prefers foreign wine to that produce domesticany.” Therefore, you should choose D.Sample Answer

[A] [B] [C] [D]

1.International sport should create goodwill between the nations, but in the present organization of the Olympics somehow encourages__

patriotism.A.obsolete

B.aggressive C.harmonious D.amiable Z One call understand others much better by noting the immediate and fleeting reactions of their eyes and __ to expressed thoughts.A.dilemmas B.countenances C.concessions D.junctions 3.People innately _____ for superiority over their peers although it sometimes takes the form of an exaggerated lust for power.A.strive

B.ascertain

C.justify D.adhere 4.Some scientists have suggested that Earth is a kind of, zoo or wildlife

for intelligent space beings, like the wilderness areas we have set up on earth to allow animals to develop naturally while we observe them.A.conservation B.maintenance C.storage

D.reserve 5.According to the latest report, consumer confidence___ a breathtaking 15 points.last month, to its lowest level in 9 years.A.soared

B.mutated

C.plummeted D.fluctuated 6.Melissa is a computer___ that destroyed files in computers and

frustrated thousands of users around the world.A.genius

B.vires

C.disease

D.bacteria 7.The emphasis:on examinations is iby far the.worst form of

competition in schools.A.negligent B.edible

C.fabulous D.disproportionate 8.The boy seemed more _____ to their poverty, after seeing how his

grandparents lived.A.reconciled

B.consolidated C.deteriorated

D.attributed 9.During his two-month stay, in China, Tom never____ a chance to

practice his Chinese.A.passed on B.passed up C.passed by D.passed out 10.When a person dies, his debts must be paid before his ____ can be

distributed.A.paradoxes B.legacies

C.platitudes D.analogin Part B(5 points)Directions: In each of the following sentences there is one word or phrase

underlined.Below the sentence are four choices marked A, B, C, and

D.Choose the one that is closest in meaning to the underiined part.Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square

bracket on ANSWER SHEET I.Example: The secretary is Very competent;she can finish all these letters within one

..;.,ca, ODe bour.A.careful

B.industrious C.clever

D.capable In this sentence, “competent” is closest-;n m e:zting to “capable”.Therefore you should choose D.Sample Answer

[A] [B] [C] [DD] 11.He claims that advertising today tends to portray women in traditional

roles such as cooking or taking care of the baby.A.depict

B.advocate

D;criticize D.analyze 12,.They achieved more than they had eyer dreamed, lending a magic tO their family story that no tale or ordinary life could possibly rival.A.confirm B.achieve C.match

D exaggerate

13.The most urgent thing is to find a dump.for those toxic____ industrial wastes.A.imminent B.recyclable C.smelly D.poisonous i4.British Prime Minister Tony Blair promised the electorate that guns would nor be fired without an attempt to win a further U.N.sanction.A.allies

B.delegates C.voters

D.juries

15.The analysis suggests that the tradeoff between our :children's college and our own retirement security is ,chilling.A.frightening B.promising

C.freezing D.revealing 16.Their signing of the treaty was regarded as a conspiracy against the British Crown.A.secret plan B.bold attack

C.clever design D.joint effort 17.Evidence, reference, and foomotes by the thousand testify to a scrupulous researcher who does considerable justice to a full range of different beorefical and political positions.A.trustworthy B.intelligent

C.diligent D.meticulous 18.Despite their spartan, isolated lifestyle, them are no stories of women being raped or wanton violence against civilians in the region.A.intriguing B.exasperating: C.demonstrative D.unprovoked 19.The gang derived their nickname from their dark clothing and blacked up faces for.nocturnal raids in the forest.A.illegal

B.night-time

C, brutal D.abusive 20.Though sometimes too lazy to work as hard as her sisters, Linda has a more avid fondness for the limelight, A.mercurial B, gallant

C.ardent D.frugal III.Cloze(10 points)Directions : Read the following passage.Choose the best word for each numbered blank and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on Answer Sheet I.Like many other aspects of the computer age, Yahoo began as an idea, ___ 21 ___ into a hobby and Iately has ____22 ____ into a full-time passion.The two developers of Yahoo, David Filo and Jerry Yang, Ph.D candidates ___ 23 _ Electrical Engineering at Stanford University, started theirguide in April 1994 as a way to keep 24 of their personal interest on the Intemet.Before long they ___25 ___ that their home,brewed lists were becoming too long and ____ 26____ Gradually they began to spend more andmore time on Yahoo.During 1994, they ____ 27____ yahoo into a customized database designed to____28_____ the needs of the thousands of users____29____ began to use the service through the closely ___ 30____ Intemet community.They developed customized software to help them___ 31 ___ locate, identify and edit material ___32___ on the Intemet.The name Yahoo is ____ 33____ to stand for “Yet

Another Hierarchical Officious Oracle”.but Filo and Yang insist they selected the ___34 ___ because they considered themselves yahoos.Yahoo? itself first ___ 35 ___ on Yang's workstation, “akebono”, while the search engine was ___ 36 ___ on Filo's computer, “Konishiki”.In early 1995 Marc Andreessen, co-founder of Netscape Communication in Mountain View, California, invited Filo and Yang to move their files ___ 37___ to larger computers ___38____ at Netscape.As a result Stanford's computer network returned to ___ 39___ , and both parties benefiasc.Today, Yahoo___ 40 ___ organized information on tens of thousands of computers linked to the web.1.A.became

B.grew

C.mm

D.intend 2.A.made

B.saw

C.looked

D.turned 3.A.in

B.on

C.about

D.fer 4.A.touch

?.contact

C.n-ack

D.record 5.A.founded

E.found

C.argued

D.reported 6.A.unwieldy

B.tough

C.tamable

D invaluable

7.A.exchanged

B.shank

C.sold

D.converted 8.A.explain

B.serve

C.discover

D.evaluate 9.A.which

B.that

C.actually

D.eagerly 10.A.relative

B.interactive C.bound

D.contacted 11.A.fluently

B.efficiently C.exactly

D.actually 12.A.transmitted B.purchased C.sold

D.13.A.about

B.bound

C.going

D.supposed I4.A.fable

B.model

C.name

D.brand 15.A.supported

B.resided

C.lived

D.launched 16.A.connected B.lodged

C.introduced D.linked 17.A.over

B, away

C.inside

D.beneath 18.A.housed

B.caught

C.hosed

D.bidden 19.A.average

B.normal

C.ordinary

D.equal 20.A.attains

B.detains

C.maintains D.contains IV.Reading Comprehension(20 points)Directions: Read the following passages, decideon the best one of the choices marked A, B, C, and D for each question or unfinished statement and then mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage 1

Guthrie's contiguity principle offers practical suggestions for how to break babies.One application of the thrcshoM method involves the time young children spend on academic activities.Young children have short attention spans, so the length of time they can sustain work on one activity is limited.Most activities are scheduled to last no longer than 30 to 40 minutes.However, at the start of the school year, attention spans quickly wane and behavior problems often

result.To apply Gutiarie's theory, a teacher might, at the start of the year, limit activities to 15 to 20 minutes.Over the next few weeks the teacher could gredually increase the time students spend working on a single activity.The threshold methoci also can be applied to teaching printing abd handwriting.When children first learn to form letters, their movements awkward and they lack free motor coordination.The distances between lines on a page are purposely wide so children can fit the letters into the space.If paper with narrow lines is initially introduced, students' letters would spill over the borders and students might become frustrated.Once students can form letters

within the larger borders, they can use paper with smaller borders to help them refine their skills.The fatigue method can be applied when disciplining disruptive students

who build paper airplanes and sail them across the room.The teacher can remove the students from the classroom, We them a large stack of paper, and tell them to start making paper airplanes.After the students have made several

airplanes, the activity should lose its attraction and paper will become a cue for not building airplanes.Some students continually race around the gym when they first enter their physical education class.To employ the fatigue method, theteacher might decide to have these students continue to run a few more laps after the class has begun.The incompatible response method can be used with students who talk and

misbehave in the media center.Reading is incompatible with talking.The media center teacher might ask the students'to find interesting books and read them while in the center.Assuming that the studentS find the books enjoyable, the media center will, over time, become a cue for selecting and reading books rather than for talking with other students.In a social studies class some students regularly fall asleep.The teacher realized that using the board and overhead projector while lecturing was very

boring.Soon the teacher began to incorporate other elements into each lesson, such as experiments, videotapes, and debates, in an attempt to involvs students and raise their interest in the course.41.The purpose of this passage is to___ A.inform B.persuade

C.debate

D.narrate 42.Guthrie identified three methods for__ A.educating students

B.altering bad habits C.avoiding undesired action

D.forming good hobbies 43.Which of the following is not the example of applying the threshold method? A.Parents introduce spinach in small bites or mixed with a food than the

child enjoys over time so that the child will not refuse to eat it.B.Teachers introduce academic content in short blocks of time for young

children and gradually increase session length but not to where students

become frustrated or bored.C.Paper with wider lines is first used and then paper with narrow lines is

introduced step by step to help children learn printing and handwriting.D.A child might be made to throw toys until it is no longer fan by his

parents in order to change his behavior of repeatedly throwing toys.44.To stop snacking while watching television, people should keep their hands busy by sewing, painting, working crossword puzzles, and so forth.Over time.watching TV becomes a cue for engaging in an activity other than snac 'king.What method is used in this example? A.The threshold method.B.The fatigue method.C.The incompatible response method.D.The punishment method.45.We can draw the conclusion from the passage that A.The incompatible response method is to force child to make unwanted

response repeatedly in presence of stimulus until he or she becomes

exhausted B.The threshold method refers to introducing undesired behavior with a

response incompatible with the undesired response so they can not be

performed simultaneously

C.The fatigue method means that engaging in the behavior is transformde

into avoiding it by introducing the stimulus at full strength so it becomes

a cue for not performing it D.The fatigue method is that in presence of stimulus teachers have child

make response incompatible with unwanted response Passage 2 The increase in global trade means that international companies cannot afford to make costly advertising mistakes if they want to be competitive.Understanding the language and culture of target markets in foreign countries is one of the keys to successful international marketing.Too many companies, however, have jumped into foreign markets with embarrassing wralts.Translation mistakes are at the heart of many blunders in international advertising.General Motors, the US auto manufacturer, got a costly lesson when it introduced its Chevrole Nova to the Puerto Rican market.“Nova” is Latin for new(star)“ and means ”star“ in many languages, but in spoken Spanish it can sound like ”no va“, meaning ”it doesn't go“.Few people wanted to buy a car with that cursed meaning.When GM changed the name to Caribe, sales picked up” dramatically.Marketing blunders have also been made by food and beverage companies.3ne American food company's friendly “Jolly Green Giant”(for advertising ,egetables)became something quite different when it was translated into Arabic as “Intimidating Green Ogre”.When translated into German Pepsi's popular slogan, “Come Alive with Pepsi” came out implying “Come Alive from the Grave”.No wonder customers in Germany didn't rush out to buy Pepsi.Successful international marketing doesn't stop with good ranslafions--,-other aspects of culture must be researched and understood ff aarketers are to avoid blunders.When marketers do not understand and appreciate the values, tastes, geography, climate, superstitions, religion, or economy of a culture, they fail to capture their target market.For example, an American designer tried to introduce a new pentare ihto the Latin American market but the product aroused little interest.The mail reason was that the camellia used in it was traditionally used for funerals in many South American countries.Having awakened to the special nature of foreign advertising, companies are becoming much more conscientious in their translations and more sensitive to cultural distinctions.The best way to prevent errors is to hire professional translators who understand the target language and its idiomatic usage, or to use a technique

called “back translation” to reduce the possibility of blunders.The process uses one person to translate a message into the target language and another to translate it back.Effective translators aim to capture the, overall message of an advertisement because a word-for-word duplication of the original rarely conveys the intended meaning and often causes misunderstandings.In designing advertisements for other countries, messages need to be shot and simple.They should also avoid jokes, since what is considered funny in one part of the world may not be so humorous in another.46.The best title of this passage might be __.A.Culture Is Very Important ia Advertishag B.Avoid Cultural Misunderstanding between Nations C.Overcome Cultural Shock in Different Countries D.Advertisements Reflect Various Life Styles 47.What does the word “blunder” mean in this passage? A.hesitation B.mistake C.stutter D.default 48.Which of the following statements can be used to summarize the gist from Paragraph 3 to Paragraph 6? A.Cultural shocks

B.Faulty translations C.Avoid cultural oversights D.Prevent blunders 49.We can learn from the context in Paragraph 9 that the word “ca ” most probably mean____ A.an animal used in perfume for its smell B.a piece of fabric used both in perfume and at funerals C.a flower used in perfume for its fragrance and used for funerals D.an nrnament used in prefume and at funerals 50.One way to prevent errors in advertising in different countries is to___ A.fire the translators who don't know the target language.B.use the technique called “literal translation” to reduce the possibility of

blunders C.avoid cultural oversights and avoid certain jokes D.explain in details when designing advertisement for other countries Passage 3 It is not unusual for chief executives to collect millions of dollars a year in pay, stock options, and bonuses.In the last fifteen years, while executive remuneration rose, taxes in the highest income bracket went down.Millionaires are now commonplace.Amiability is not a prerequisite for rising to the top, and there are a number of chief executive officers with legendary bad tempers.It is not the boss's job to worry about the well-being of his subordinates although the man with many enemies wi！be swept out more quickly in hard times;it is the company he worries about.His business savvy is supposed to be based on intimate knowledge of.his company and the industry.so he goes home nightly with a full briefcase.At the very topexecutives are exceedingly dedicated.The American executive must be capable of enough small talk to get him through the social part of his schedule, but he is probably not a highly cultured individual or an intellectual.Although his wife may be on the board of the symphony or opera, he himself has little time for such pursuits.His reading may largely concern business and management, despite interests in other fields.Golf provides him with a sportive outlet that combines with some useful socializing.These days, he probably attempts some form of aerobic exercise to “keep the old heart in shape” and for the same reason goes easy on butter and alcohol, and substances thought to contribute to taking highly stressed executives out of the running.But his doctor's admonition to “take it easy” falls on deaf eyes.He likes to work.He knows there are younger men nipping at his heels.Corporate head-hunting, carried on by “executive search fares,” is a growing industry.America has great faith in individual talent, and dynamic and aggressive executives are so in demand that companies regularly raid each other's managerial ranks.51.We can infer from the second paragraph that___

A.promotion depends on amiability

B.chief executives do not work hard enough at the top level

C.it is the duty of the chief executive to look after the well-being of his

subordinates

D.a chief executive is expected to know more about his company and the

industry 52.The term “aerobic exercise”(fa'st line in second last paragraph)is a kind Of

____

A.hallucination exercise

B.physical exercise

C.meditation exercise

D.entertainment 53.From the last paragraph we can gather that ____

A.there are too many aggressive executives

B.individual talent is not essential for a company

C.the job of an “executive search rum” is corporate head-hunting

D.it is not common for companies to undermine each other's managerial

ranks 54.For executives, according to the article, a golf course is a pl where ________

A.they can conduct their business

B.they can indulge themselves

C.they can cultivate their mind

D.they can exercise as well as socialize 55.What is NOT tree according to the article? A.Executives tend to ignore doctors' advice and warnings.B.Executives are sensitive to pressure from the younger generation.C.All chief executives can earn millions of dollars a year.D.Executives are careful of what they eat.Passage 4 In November 1970 Yukio Mishima, together withsome of his fanatical followers from the ultranationalistic Shield Society WhiCh.he had four, dod in 1966, broke into the headquarters of Japan's Eastern Defense Forces armed with swords and daggers, overpowered some aides, tied up the commanding general, and demanded that the troops be assembled to hear a speech.Mishima addressed the troops for ten minutes, inciting them to rebel against the constitutional govemment imposed by the United States that had, in his words, “turned Japan spineless.” Receiving only ridicule in response, he returned to the general's office and there, before the general's unbelieving eyes, proceeded to kill himself in strict accordance with the tradifonal samurai ritual of seppuku.After Mishima had driven a dagger deep into his left abdomen, one of his aides severed his head with a sword.The aide likewise 'killed himself and was 5eheaded;the others surrendered.In 1936 there had been a similar revolt and, though equally unsuccessful, it had foreshadowed the repressive re,me of General Tojo that was to stage tho attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941.That earlier revolt is the one referred to in “Patriotism,” one of Mishima's most powerful stories.Here life and fiction become joined.The act of seppuku was for Mishima a fulfdlment, “the ultimate dream of my life.” Bom of an ancient samurai family, he longed to die a hero's death in accordance with the ancient samurai code;but his weak body kept him from service in the war, and he had to compensate through body building(he became expert at karate and kendo)and, most important, through the discipline writing.In his short lifetime he turned out twenty novels, thirty plays, many essays, and more than eighty stories: he also produced, directed, and acted in movies, and even sang on stage.His first book of stories, A Forest in Flower, appeared in 1943, but it was Confession of a Mask(1948), dealing with the meditations of a young man of homosexual leanings in a repressive society, that brought him fame.Mishima has been called “Japan's Hemingway,” while others have compared him to “aesthetic” writers like Walter Peter and Oscar Wilde.56.The article implies that A.Mishima refused to join the army when he was young B.Mishima has been regarded as a lunatic writer C.Mishima is a person who'is hard m define D.Critics all agree that Mishima is an aesthetic writer 57.The aim of the rebel led by Mishima was A.Fo capture the commanding genera!

B.to urge the government to declare a war against America C.to incite the soldiers to rebel against the Constitutional govemment

D.to force the Emperor to give up the throne 58.In the 1970 rebel, the speech made by Mishima____ A.was web received by the soldiers B, was laughed at by the soldiers C.impressed the commanding general D, left a deep impression tO the soldiers 59.What IS true according to article? A.The general knew that Mishima had longed to die a hero's death.B.The general was greatly taken aback by Mishima's suicide attemnpt C.Some soldiers surrendered after Mishima's speech.D.one of Mishima's aides was killed by the soldiers.60.Mishima became a well-known writer after he had ___ A, written “Patriotism”, one of his most powerful stories B.written eighty short stories C.published “A Forest in Flower” D.published “Confession of a Mask” 主觀題部分

請用鋼筆或圓珠筆將此部分試題的答案做在答題紙二上，否則無效！V.Translation(20 points)Fart A.(10 points)Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese on your ANSWER SHEET.One might ask why speculation is permitted when there is so real a danger of loss.The basic reason is that speculation can perform useful functions in the economy.Buying a commodity or stock in the belief that prices will rise speeds market equilibrium and encourages faster entry of more suppliers.If the price change lagged until after an actual commodity shortage had occurred, the fluctuation would probably be sharper and more sudden.Remedial supply action could not be further delayed.Similarly, if speculators foresee a surplus in some commodity, their selling of futures will help drive the price down to some extent before the SurpluS actually occurs.When speculators foresee a shortage and bid up the price, they are also helphng to conserve the present supply.As the price goes up,less of the commodity is purchased;a rise in price encourages users to ecor, om2ze.Similarly, a lowering of price encourages users to buy more, thus helping to sell the surplus which is developing.Part B.(10 points)Directions: Translate the following into EngIish on your ANSWER SHEET.中國已經發層成為一個全球極富吸引力的、現實的大市場。世界各國 和地區不少有遠見卓識的企業家，都將目光投向了中國，并從投資活動中 獲得了豐厚的回報。我相信，中國加入世貿組織后，外商參與中國投資活 動的機會將越來越多，自身發展的空間也越來越大。在中國的投資活動一 定能成為溝通世界各國和地區的企業家與中國市場的一座橋梁，促進中國 和世界經濟共同發展、共同繁榮。VI.Writing(20 points)Directions Write an essay in no less than 250 words with file title “My Understanding of GlobaIization”.Your essay should be written on the Answer Sheet.