第一篇:牛津英語五年下冊知識點梳理
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五年級下冊知識點
Unit1 詞組: 1.在星期一上午 on Monday morning 2.今天下午 this afternoon 3.三節數學課 three Maths lessons 4.新學期 the new term 5.第一節課 the first lesson 6.立刻、馬上 at once 7.10門學科 ten subjects 8.一節有趣的課 an interesting lesson 9.你呢? How about you? 10.在一周內 in a week 11.歡迎回來 welcome back 12.我的課程表 my timetable 13.在星期三 on Wednesday 14.星期天晚上 Sunday evening 15.這個學期 this term 16.上一堂藝術課 have an Art lesson 17.每天 every day 18.一個竅門 a trick 19.讓我想想 let me see 20.非常 very much
句型: 1.我們可以用下列句型來談論學習的科目、課表,如:
What lessons do you have in the morning/afternoon? 上午/下午你們有什么課程? What lessons do you have on Monday/ Wednesday?(注意:在星期幾用on)星期一/星期三你們有什么課程?
What subject do you like? 你喜歡什么科目? I like English.How about you? 我喜歡英語。那你呢? I like Science.我喜歡科學。2.我們想要詢問今天是星期幾時,可以用;
--What day is it today?--It’s Monday.--What day is it?-Today is Wednesday.3.Nice to see you.(同義句)Nice to meet you.詞形轉換 : China(形容詞)—Chinese here(同音詞)—hear lesson(同義詞)—class good(反義詞)—bad interest(形容詞)—interesting buy(同音詞)—by/bye minus(反義詞)—plus she(賓格)—her right(同音詞)—write he(賓格)—him right(反義詞)—wrong open(反義詞)—close
Unit2 詞組:
1.a telephone call 一個電話 2.at school在學校 3.call her(賓格)給她打電話 4.after lunch午飯后 5.speak to Helen 和海倫通話 6.speak to him和他說話
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7.a bad cough 嚴重的咳嗽 8.a high fever高燒
9.be absent缺席 10.stay in bed呆在床上 11.stay at home呆在家里 12.get better soon盡快好起來
13.still feel ill依然覺得病的 14.take some medicine吃一些藥 15.feel better感覺好些 16.Classes are over.所有的課結束了。17.School is over.放學了.18.get some fruit for you給你帶一些水果 19.See you soon.一會見。20.Anything else? 還有別的什么嗎? 21.open your mouth張開你的嘴 22.close the window關窗 23.have a lot of rest多休息 24.choose one to call選擇一個打 25.look at these numbers看這些號碼 26..wrong number打錯電話 27.go to see a doctor去看醫生 28.want my mother想要我的媽媽 29.love that fat monkey喜愛那只胖猴
句型:
1.How do you feel now? 你現在覺得怎么樣啊?
I feel?(tired, hot, thirsty, ill?)我覺得?(累的,熱的,渴的,病的)。I can get a / some ? for you.我能給你一個/ 一些?。
How do you feel now? I feel tired.Sit here and have a rest..你現在感覺如何?我感覺很累。坐下休息。
2.What’s wrong with you? 你怎么了?(相當于What’s the matter with you?)I’ve got a ?(fever, toothache, cold, cough?)我得了?(發燒,牙痛,感冒,咳嗽?)。I’m sorry to hear that.聽到這我感到很抱歉。拓展為:
? What’s wrong with him? He has got a toothache.他怎么了?他牙疼了。? What’s wrong with her? She has got a bad cold.她怎么了?她得重感冒了。3.May I speak to Helen ? This is Helen speaking.我可以和海倫通話嗎?我是海倫。
4.Why are you absent today? 你今天為什么缺席?(=Why are you not here today?)5.See you soon.一會見。
6.I hope you get better soon.我希望你盡快好起來。難點解析
1.電話用語 Who’s that speaking? 請問你是誰?Is that Helen?你是海倫嗎? May I speak to Helen? 我可以和海倫通話嗎?
This is Helen./ This is Helen speaking.我是海倫。如果有人打錯電話,你應說Sorry, wrong number.2.absent 缺席 → be absent → be absent from school / work Why are you absent today? 你今天為什么缺席(不在)? Many students are absent today.許多學生今天缺席了。3.相關詞匯 late → be late
The boy is late for school.這個男孩上學遲到了。Don’t be late for school again 不要再遲到了。3.I’m sorry to hear that.我聽見這些很遺憾。
4.What’s wrong with you? = What’s the matter with you? I’ve got = I have got He’s got = He has got She’s got= She has got
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Unit3 詞組: 1.take photos拍照 2.go shopping(去)購物 3.collect stamps集郵 4.make model ships做模型船 5.make clothes做衣服 6.grow flowers種花
7.draw pictures畫畫 8.make model planes做模型飛機 9.read newspapers看報紙 10.read magazines看雜志
11.make cakes做蛋糕 12.cook nice food做美味的食物 13.wash clothes 洗衣服 14.do housework做家務
15.fly a kite放風箏 16.listen to music聽音樂
17.water the flowers澆花 18.play football踢足球 19.play cards打牌 20.play chess下棋 21.watch TV看電視
22.play computer games 玩電腦游戲 23.have many hobbies有許多愛好 24.many beautiful stamps許多漂亮的郵票
25.show them to his classmates把它們給他的同學看 26.show us his stamps 給我們看他的郵票
27.Chinese stamps中國郵票 28.animal stamps動物郵票 29.Here they are.它們在這兒。30.write music 寫音樂
31.make pretty dresses for my doll 給我的洋娃娃做漂亮的連衣裙 32.the same hobby相同的愛好 32.use a computer使用電腦 33.use chopsticks使用筷子
句型:
1、關于業余愛好,我們可以問:
Do you have any hobbies?你有些愛好嗎? Yes, I do.I like ?(taking photos)No, I don’t.是的,我有。我喜歡。。(拍照)/ 不,我不喜歡。可以拓展為:
Does Ben have any hobbies ? Yes , he does.He likes collecting Chinese stamps.嗎?是的。他喜歡收集中國郵票。
Does your uncle have the same hobby? Yes, he does.你叔叔有同樣的愛好嗎?是的。Does she like going shopping? No, she doesn’t她喜歡購物嗎?不,她不喜歡。
2、也可以問:
What’s your hobby ? I like growing flowers.Me , too.你的愛好是什么?我喜歡種花。我也是。
What’s your grandmother’s hobby ? She likes making clothes.你祖母的愛好是什么?他喜歡做衣服。
3、敘述某人的愛好,我們可以說:
He / She likes ?(going shopping).他 / 她喜歡。。(去購物)。He / She doesn’t like?(growing flowers).他 / 她不喜歡。。(種花)
4、Do you water the flowers every day ? Sometimes I do.Sometimes I don’t.你每天澆花嗎?有時我澆。有時不澆。
5.Ben’s hobby is collecting stamps.本的愛好是集郵。
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知識點:
一般現在時主要由動詞原形表示,但第三人稱單數后的動詞詞尾有所變化。第三人稱單數動詞詞尾的變化有幾種形式:
1、一般情況加-s reads, says, takes
2、以ch, sh, s, x, 或o結尾的詞加-es teaches, washes, goes, watches
3、以輔音字母加y結尾的詞變y為i再加-es studies, cries, carries
Unit4 詞組:
1.speak loudly 大聲地講話 2.run fast 跑得快 3.jump high 跳得高 4.sit quietly 安靜地坐著 5.dance beautifully跳舞跳的優美 6.walk carefully 小心地走 7.swim well 游泳游得好 8.an English friend一位英國朋友 9.write an e-mail寫一封電子郵件 10.his English friend他的英國朋友 11.in the computer room在電腦房里 12.want to play table tennis 想要打乒乓 13.play table tennis with Wang Bing 和王冰打乒乓 14.write to me 寫信給我 15.write an e-mail to my English friend寫一封電子郵件給我的朋友
16.a letter for me 一封給我的信 17.surf the internet瀏覽網頁 18.live in London 住在倫敦
19.live in a small town near London住在倫敦附近的一個小鎮里
20.study Chinese學習語文 swim well 游泳游得好 study well / play well 21.from Monday to Friday從星期一到星期五
22.every day 每一天 23.every week 每一周 24.under the tree在樹下
25.in the sea 在大海里 26.do exercise 做鍛煉 27.on the beach 在海灘上28.from my Uncle Lee來自我的李叔叔
句型:
1.Does Mike jump high? Yes, he does.麥克跳得高嗎?是的,他跳得高。2.What does Mike usually do on Sundays? He usually takes photos.他通常星期日做什么?他通常拍照。
2.What subjects does he study at school ? He studies English , Maths , Science and Art.他在校學習什么科目?他學英語,數學,科學和美術。
4.My mother washes clothes in the evening.我媽媽在晚上洗衣服。
5.How does your father go to work ? He usually goes to work by bus.你父親通常怎么去上班?他一般乘公交車去。5.We’re the same age.我們是同齡人。
知識點: 1.在一般現在時中,行為動詞與he, she, it等第三人稱單數的搭配時須在行為動詞后加s或es,我們來看例句:
-He likes English very much.他非常喜歡英語。
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2.將句子變為一般疑問句時要借助于助動詞does來幫忙,此時行為動詞要用動詞原形,如: -Does he like English very much? -Yes, he does.Unit6 詞組:
1.at a PE lesson在一節體育課上 2.give orders 發命令
3.try to?試著(做某事)4.follow the orders跟隨命令 5.stand in a line站成一排 6.do some exercise做些鍛煉
7.put your feet together雙腳并攏 8.put your knees together雙膝并攏 9.jump up and down上下跳 10.listen carefully仔細地聽
11.turn left 向左轉 12.turn right向右轉 13.turn left and right 左右轉 14.put ?on?把?放在?上 15.touch? with?用?觸摸? 16.do this ten times這樣做十次 17.lie on one’s back仰躺
18.lie on his back(他)仰躺 19.lift up your left leg提起你的左腿 20.lift up your arms抬起你的雙臂 21.stand up起立
22.feel tired感覺累的 23.touch the flowers with her mouth用她的嘴觸摸花 24.move your legs to the left把你的腿移向左邊 25.move them to the right把它們移向右邊 26.move the table here把桌子移到這兒
27.put the plate on his finger把盤子放在他的手指上
28.stand on the man’s shoulders站在那個男人的肩上(復)29.sit on the woman’s knee坐在那個女人的膝蓋上(單)30.want to be healthy想要健康
句型:
1、站成一排。Stand in a line.2、讓我們做一些運動。Let’s do some exercise.3、現在請仔細地聽。Now, listen carefully
4、上下跳。Jump up and down.5、做這個??次。Do this ? times.Do this ten times.6、把??放在??上面。Put? on?
如:Put the pineapple on your head.把菠蘿放在你的頭上。
Put your hands on your head.All right.把你的雙手放在你的頭上。好的。Put this rubber on your nose.OK.把這橡皮放在你的鼻子上。好的。Can you put this big grape on your mouth ? Yes , I can.你能把這個大葡萄放在你的嘴上嗎?是的,我會。
7、用??觸摸??touch?with?
他很喜歡英語嗎?
是的,他很喜歡。
他哥哥喜歡什么科目? 3.第三人稱單數的特殊疑問句是在一般疑問句的基礎上,再于句首加上特殊疑問詞,如: -What subject does her brother like? -He likes Chinese.他喜歡語文。
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如: Touch your left leg with your right hand.OK.用你的右手摸你的左腿。好的。Touch your right shoulder with your left hand.用你的左手摸你的右肩。? 用??觸摸??多少次 touch?with? ?times Touch your left leg with your right hand three times.Touch your toes with your fingers three times.用你的手指觸摸你的腳趾三次。8.Turn left and right seven times.左右轉體七次。
9.Lie on your back and lift up your legs eight times.仰躺,抬起你的雙腿八次。10.The boy has two small eyes and a big mouth.這個男孩有雙大眼睛和一張大嘴 11.It has two heads , two necks , four arms , eight fingers and six legs.它有兩個頭,兩個脖子,四條手臂,八個手指和六條腿。
Unit7 詞組:
1.沒有時間休息 have no time for rest 2.沒有時間吃早飯have no time for breakfast 3.起床 get up 4.準備be ready for 5.準備吃早飯 be ready for breakfast 6.準備吃午餐(be)ready for lunch 7.去學校 go to school 8.洗臉 wash one’s face 9.刷牙 brush one’s teeth 10.值日 on duty 11.觀看足球比賽 watch a football game 12.看電視 watch TV 13.真的很熱 be really hot 14.確實忙be really busy 15.開始上課 classes begin 16.快點 be quick 17.隨身帶些面包 take some bread with me 18.讓我們快點 Let’s hurry 19.還沒有 not yet 20.在夜間 at night 21.該是做某事的時候了 it’s time for sth/ it’s time to do sth 22.幾點what time is it?/what’s the time? 23.在四點一刻 at a quarter past four 24.六點五十 ten to seven 25.十二點四十五 a quarter to one 26.十一點一刻 a quarter past eleven 27.三點半 half past three 28.在六點半at half past six 29.十二點差一刻 a quarter to twelve 30.太遲了it’s late 31.忙碌的一天 a busy day 32.吃早飯have breakfast 33.吃午飯have lunch 34.吃晚飯have supper 35.吃正餐have dinner 36.回家come home go home 37.(去)睡覺go to bed 38.需要打掃圖書館need to clean the library 39做家庭作業do one’s homework 40.想要看電視 want to watch TV 41.騎自行車ride a bike 42.騎馬 ride a horse 43.放風箏fly a kite
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44.洗衣服wash clothes 45.步行 on foot 46.在星星公園at Star Park 47.打排球play volleyball 48.打乒乓play table tennis 49.去參加聚會go to the party 50.加入我的行列join me 51.看鐘look at the clock 52.從早上七點到晚上十點from seven in the morning to ten at night
句型:
1、詢問幾點了?可以用
What’s the time? = What time is it? It’s?
2、.?.的時間到了。/ 該?了。? It’s time to?(動詞詞組)如:It’s time to have breakfast.? It’s time for?(名詞)如:It’s time for breakfast.3、想和我一起嗎? Do you want to join me(賓格)? Yes./ No, I’m ?.4、他沒時間吃早飯。
He has no time for breakfast.(同義句)He doesn’t have any time for breakfast.(no=not any)
5、她在十點睡覺。She goes to bed at ten o’clock.注意:
在具體的幾點鐘前面,我們用“at”如:at ten o’clock.在哪一天 如在星期幾前面我們則用“on”on Monday 在一段時間里我們則用“in” in the morning /in a week
Unit8 詞組:
1.at the weekends 在周末 2.Friday afternoon星期五下午
3.talk about談論(某事)4.talk about their weekends談論他們的周末 5.talk about our hobbies談論我們的愛好 6.spend one’s weekends過周末
7.spend your /my/his/her weekends 度過你的/我的/他的 /她的周末 8.surf the Internet上網 9.very interesting非常有趣 10.learn a lot from it 從中學到很多 11.learn ? from him 向他學習? 12.every Saturday and Sunday每星期六和星期日
13.like sport喜歡運動 14.how about?怎么樣
15.of course當然 16.play on the swings蕩秋千 17.go to the cinema去電影院 18.go to the park去公園 19.go climbing 去爬山 20.go swimming去游泳 21.go fishing 去釣魚 22.go skating去溜冰
23.go skiing 去滑雪 24.watch TV at home在家看電視
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25.watch cartoons看動畫片 25.listen to music聽音樂 26.do housework做家務 27.wash the clothes 洗衣服 28.read English 讀英語 29.draw pictures畫畫 30.clean the rooms打掃房間 31.sing beautifully唱歌動聽 32.fly high飛得高 33.our good friends 我們的好朋友 34.primary school小學
35.study at Yu Cai Primary School在育才小學學習
36.like insects very much非常喜歡昆蟲 37.a lot of insects許多昆蟲 38.other interesting insects其它有趣的昆蟲
39.carry big things搬運大東西 40.dance in the flowers在花叢中跳舞 41.catch butterflies捉蝴蝶 42.catch fireflies 捕捉螢火蟲 43.put them in the bottles把它們放在瓶子里 句型:
詢問別人的周末生活,我們可以說:
1.1.How do you spend your weekends? I often?./ Sometimes I ? 你怎樣度你的周末呢?我經常?/有時我?
如:How do you spend your weekends? I often go shopping.你怎樣過周末的?我通常去購物。How do you spend your weekends? I often watch cartoons./ Sometimes I watch cartoons.2.2、How does ?spend his / her weekends? He/ She often? / Sometimes he/ she?(?怎樣度他/她的周末呢? 他/她經常? / 有時他/他?)如: How does Yang Ling spend her weekends? She often does her homework.Sometimes she reads English books.楊玲怎樣過周末的?她經常做家庭作業,有時她看英語書。
注意:當主語是第三人稱單數時,動詞也要變成第三人單數形式。通常是在動詞后加s或es.Unit9 單詞:
國家 _____國的 ____國人(復數)該國語言
China Chinese Chinese(Chinese)Chinese Japan Japanese Japanese(Japanese)Japanese(the)UK British British(British)English(the)USA American American(Americans)English Australia Australian Australian(Australians)English France French French(French)French 詞組:
1.the English Club英語俱樂部 2.her American friend她的美國朋友 3.talk to him和他說話 4.be from =come from 來自? 5.be from Australia來自澳大利亞 6.be from the USA來自美國 7.an American visitor一個美國來訪者 8.live in New York住在紐約
9.live in China住在中國 10.speak English and Chinese說英語和漢語
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11.what country什么國家 12.the same country同一個國家 13.different countries不同的國家 14.Nancy’s brother 南希的兄弟 15.a big city一個大城市 16.would like to 想要(做某事)17.I’d like to visit it.我想要參觀它。
18.talk to her Chinese friends和她的中國朋友交談
19.like teaching 喜歡教書 20.like Chinese very much非常喜歡漢語 21.teach English in a primary school在小學教英語 22.learn ?from 某人(賓格)向某人學?
learn Chinese from me向我學中文 learn English from him向他學英語 23.write stories(stroy的復數)寫故事 write stories about them寫關于他們的故事
句型:
1.Where are you from? I’m from China.I’m Chinese.你從哪里來?我來自中國。我是中國人。
2.Where is Nancy from? She is from the UK.She’s British.Nancy來自哪里?她來自英國。她是英國人。
3.Where is Ben from? He is from the USA.He’s American.Ben來自哪里?他來自美國。他是美國人。
4.Are they from Australia? No, they aren’t.They are from Japan.他們來自澳大利亞嗎?不。他們來自日本。
5.Do you speak Chinese? Yes, I do.I speak English ,too.你說中文嗎?是的,我說。我也說英語。
6.Do you speak French? No, I don’t.I speak Japanese and English.你說法語嗎?不,我不說。我說漢語和英語。.Does he speak Japanese ? No, he doesn’t.He speaks French.他說日語嗎?不。他說法語。
8、I speak ? 我說? 如:I speak Chinese.我說漢語。(否定形式)I don’t speak? He/She speaks? 他/她說
(否定形式)He/She doesn’t speak?他/她不說
第二篇:牛津英語上海版三年級下冊知識點整理
牛津英語上海版三年級下冊知識點整理
Module1 Using my five senses Unit1 Seeing and hearing 詞匯:
aeroplane飛機
bus公共汽車
ship輪船
car小汽車
字母:
Ch-chick小雞
chair椅子 語法知識:
What can you hear/see? I can hear/see...Unit2 Touching and feeling 詞匯:
pineapple菠蘿
cake蛋糕
bag袋子 bread面包
glass玻璃杯 字母:
Sh-ship輪船
shop商店 語法知識:
How does it/do they feel? It’s/They’re...Unit3.Tasting and smelling 生詞:
sweet
lemon sour salt salty coffee 字母:
wh-whale white 語法:
How does it smell/taste? It’s...Module2 My favourite things Unit1 Animals 生詞:
tiger lion
panda
monkey 音標:
-ck clock rock 語法:
Do you like...? Yes,I do.No,I don’t.Unit2 Toys
bitter 牛津英語上海版三年級下冊知識點整理
生詞:
toy train
doll
skateboard
robot 音標:
-ll
small
tall
wall 語法:
What do you like? I like...Unit3 Clothes 生詞:
Hat scarf jacket a pair of gloves
a pair of socks 音標:
-ss classroom glass 語法:
What are these/those? They’re...Module3 Things around us Unit1 Shapes 生詞:
Circle
square
triangle
stare
rectangle 音標:
-ff
turn off
take off 語法: I have...Unit2 Colours 生詞:
Sky sea mountain
river 音標:
-cl clothes
pl-plant
gl-gloves 語法:
What colour is/are...? It’s/They’re...Unit3 Seasons 生詞:
Plant a tree
have a picnic
ice-skate
ski 音標:
Bl-blue
fl-flower
sl-slowly 語法:
What season is it?
a pair of shoes 牛津英語上海版三年級下冊知識點整理
Is it...?
Module4 More things to learn Unit1 My body 生詞:
A body
a head
fingers
a knee
a foot
a shoulder
an arm
a hand
a leg 語法: I have...My...is/are...Unit2 Children’s Day 生詞:
Park
cinema
zoo 語法:
What do yo do on Children’s Day?
第三篇:2014PEP4四年級英語下冊知識點梳理 新版 Ally_Lai
四年級英語下冊知識點梳理
Unit1My school我的學校
會聽寫單詞:watertigersistercomputerdinner(要求會讀ruler under number eraser winter after river)
四會單詞:first floor一樓 second floor二樓 teachers’ office 教師辦公室 libray 圖書館 playground 操場library 圖書館 art room 美術室computer room 電腦室music room 音樂教室三會詞語: gym 體育館next to在...近旁homework 作業class 班級forty 四十way 方向 四會句子:Where’s the teachers’ office?--It’s on the second floor.Is this the teachers’ office?--No, it isn’t.The teachers’ office is next to the library.Is that the computer room?--Yes, it is.(近處用this,遠處用that)
Do you have a library?--Yes, we do./No, we don’t.短語:Go to the library.read a book.Go to the teachers’ office, say hello.Go to the the playground.Go to the garden water the flowers.句型:
(Where 哪里;是對地點的提問)
1.——Where is the art room? 美術室在哪里?——It’s on the first / second floor.在一/二樓。
2.This is the teacher’s office.這個是教師辦公室。This is+…這個是…
3.That is my classroom.那個是我們教室That is…那個是…
4.How many students are there in your class?在你班里有多少個學生
Forty-five students.45個學生。
(How many 是對數量的提問,答句中必須有數字。)
5.The gym is on the first floor.體育場在一樓。
6.Your school is beautiful/cool.你的學校很漂亮/很酷。
7.——Is this/that the library?這個/那個是圖書館嗎?——Yes, it is.是的,它是。/ No, it isn’t.不,它不是。
8.This way ,please.請這邊走。
Unit2What time is it ? 幾點了?
會聽寫單詞:girlbirdnursehamburger(要求會讀dirtbirthhurt)
四會單詞:lunch 午飯English class英語課music class音樂課breakfast 早飯dinner正餐P.E class 體育課 over結束 now現在 o’clock....點鐘 kid小孩 thirty三十 hurry up 快點
get up起床go to school 去學校go home回家go to bed上床睡覺 come on 快、加油just a minus.稍等一會
四會句子:1.——What time is it ? 現在幾點了?——It’s six o’clock.六點了。
2.It’s 9:45.It’s time for English class.9點45分了,該是上英語課的時候了。
3.It’s time to get up.短語:
It’s time for breakfast.Let’s drink some milk.It’s time for lunch.Let’s have some chicken.It’s time for dinner.Let’s eat some rice.It’s time for PE class.Let’s jump and run.It’s time for English class.Let’s read and write.It’s time for music class.Let’s sing and dance.句型:
1.——Let’s go home/go to the playground.——Ok!讓我們回家/去操場吧!-好的!
2.——What time is it now?—— It’s five o’clock.現在幾點了?現在五點了。
It’s 6:00, it’s time for dinner.六點了,到上吃飯時間了。It’s 7:05.It’s time to go to school.7:05了,到去上學的時間了。
Breakfast is ready.早飯準備好了。School is over.放學了。
3.What time is it in Beijing/London/Sydney/New York?現在北京/倫敦/悉尼/紐約幾點了?
4.Time to go home.到回家的時間了。
5.I’m ready.我準備好了。
知識點:
1.(What time 幾點,表示時間。)-What time is it now? 現在幾點了?-It’s 5:00(five o’clock).現在五點了。
2.(It's time for +…到…時間了。for+名詞)It's time for dinner.到吃晚飯時間了。
3.(It's time to +…到干…的時間了。to+動詞)It's time to get up.4.a.m.表示上午,p.m.表示下午P.E.是體育
Unit3Weather天氣
會聽寫單詞:armcarcardballtallwall(要求會讀farm far)
四會單詞:warm 暖和cool涼爽 cold寒冷 hot炎熱snowy下雪的sunny晴朗的 rainy 下雨的windy 刮風的cloudy 多云的三會詞語:outside 在戶外 be careful小心 weather 天氣 New York 紐約 how about....怎樣 degree 度數 world 世界 London 倫敦 Moscow莫斯科 Singapore新加坡城 Sydney 悉尼 fly 放飛 love 愛四會句子:
1.It’s warm today.Let’s play football.今天是暖和的,讓我們一起去踢足球吧!
2.It’s cold outside..外面冷。
3.Is it cold? 今天冷嗎?Yes, it is.No, it isn’t.Can I go outside now? 現在我能出去嗎?Yes, you can./No, you can’t.It’s cold outside.What’s the weather like in New York?紐約天氣怎樣? It’s rainy.7.It’s 26 degree.是26度。
短語:put on a hat 戴上帽子 take off the shoes脫下鞋子 have to 必須;不得不world weather report 世界天氣預報
句型:
1.This is the weather report, it’s cool / warm in Lhasa / Harbin / Hong Kong.這是天氣預報,拉薩/哈爾濱/香港天氣涼爽/暖和。
2.-Can I wear my new shirt today? –No, you can’t./ Yes, you can.我今天可以穿上我的新裙子嗎?不,你不能。/是的,你可以。
3.Here’s the world weather report, it’s rainy / snowy in London / Moscow?現在是世界天氣預報,倫敦/莫斯科下雨/下雪。
4.—What are you doing?—Not much.你正在做什么呢?沒事什么。
5.—What’s the weather like in Beijing?—It’s snowy today.北京天氣如何?今天下雪。
知識點:(一般疑問句:問句用的Can I …?我能…。)
Can I wear my new shirt today? 我今天能穿我的新襯衣嗎?Yes, you can.是的,你可以。/No, you can't.不,你不可以。
(What's the weather like + 地方)What's the weather like in Beijing? 北京天氣如何?
Unit4At a farm.在農場
會聽寫單詞:horseforkhomeworkworld map(要求會讀fork for born world horse work)
四會單詞:sheep 綿羊hen母雞cow牛tomato 西紅柿potato土豆carrot胡蘿卜 horse 馬
三會詞語: these 這些 those 那些 yum好吃 animal動物 goat 山羊 garden花園 farm農場 eat 吃 四會句子:
1.—Are these carrots ? 這些是胡蘿卜嗎?—Yes,they are.是的,它們是/ No, they aren’t.不,它們不是。
2.--Are they hens? No, they aren’t.They’re ducks.3.--What are these/those? They’re tomatoes.句型:
1.—What are these/those? 這、那些是什么?—They are goats.它們是山羊。
2.—Are these/those sheep / horses? 這/那些是綿羊/馬嗎? —Yes, they are.是的,它們是。/ No, they aren’t 不,它們不是。
3.Look at the green beans.They’re so long!.看這些豆角。它們很長。
4.—What are these? 它們是什么?—They are carrots / onions.它們是胡蘿卜/洋蔥。
.知識點:
(一般疑問句Are these/those… ?這些/那些是…。答句: Yes, they are.是的,它們是。/ No, they aren't.不,它們不是。)
Are these/those sheep?Yes, they are.。/ No, they aren't.Are these tomatoes ? Yes, they are./ No, they aren't.(Look at …看…)Look at the hens.看那些母雞。
(How many 是對可數名詞的提問,回答要用數據。)How many do you have? 你有多少啊?
(What are these? 它們是什么? They are….它們是…。)
Unit5My clothes 我的衣物
會聽寫單詞:applepeopletable(要求會讀little uncle)
四會單詞:sweater 毛衣jeans 牛仔褲pants 褲子socks 短襪shoes 鞋shorts 短褲 jacket 夾克shirt 襯衣skirt短裙dress裙子T-shirt T恤
三會詞語:yours 你們的 whose誰的 mine我的 pack 收拾 wait等待
四會句子:
1.——Is this John’s? 這是約翰的嗎?——Yes, it is.是的,它是。/No,it’s not.不,不是。
2.--Are these yours? 這些是你的嗎? No, they aren’t.Yes, they are.3.--Whose coat is this? 這是誰的外套? It’s mine.這是我的。
短語:Put on your shirt.穿上你的襯衫。Hang up your dress.掛起你的連衣裙。Take off your hat.脫下你的帽子。Wash your skirt.洗洗你的短裙。Put away your pants.收起你的褲子。
句型:
1、My shoes are green.They’re Chen Jie’s.2、I like that green skirt.---Me , too.2、Can you help me, please?請你幫我好嗎? OK./Sure./Of,course.好的4、——Whose is this /it/ that?——It’s my T-shirt / your brother’s.___Whose pants are these/those?---They’re your father’s.5、——Where are my socks?——They’re on the bed.我的短襪在哪里?它們在床上。
6、What colour is it/are they?它/它們是什么顏色?It’s /They are white.它/它們是白色。
Unit6shopping 購物
會聽寫單詞:work工作sir先生turn轉向 circle圈 park公園 mall購物商場
四會單詞:glove 手套 scarf 圍巾 umbrella雨傘 sunglass 太陽鏡 pretty 可愛的、漂亮的 nice好的cheap 便宜的expensive昂貴的三會詞語:try on試穿 size尺碼 of course當然 too太;也 just剛好 how much多少錢 eighty 八十 dollar美元 sale大減價 more 更多 us我們
四會句子:1.——How much is it? 多少錢?——It’s ten yuan.10元。
2.——How much are they ?它們多少錢?——They’re three dollars.3美元。
3.Can I help you ?我能為你做點什么?--Yes.Can I try them on? Size 6,please.是的,我能試
穿嗎?請給我6號的。
4.They’re too small.它們太小了。
5.I’ll take it.我會買它。
短語:tryon 試穿 put on 穿上 take off脫下 just right剛剛好how much多少錢look at 看 句型:
1.—Can I help you? –Yes, these shoess are nice.Can I try them on?我能幫助你嗎?好的,這雙鞋子很好,我能試穿嗎?
2.—What size?—Size five.多大號碼?五號.3.Are they OK?They’re just right.它們可以嗎?它們剛剛好。
特殊疑問句
1.whose 誰的,答句必須出現物主性代詞(物主代詞:my/mine,your/yours,人名’s, his,her/hers)--Whose is it?誰的? It’s Amy’s它是艾米的2.where哪里。答句一般有方位詞(on, in, under ,near ,next to)
3.what 什么,是對―是什么‖的提問。—What are those? 那些是什么?—These are carrots.4 what time.什么時間。What time is it? It’s one o’clock.what colour.什么顏色。What colour are they? They are yellow.What size?Size 6.什么碼數? 6碼。what’s the weather like today?今天天氣如何?---It’s rainy/sunny/cloudy/windy/smowy.8.who 誰。回答包括人物關系。--Who’s that woman? She’s my mother.9.how many多少個。回答含有數字。How many students are there in your class?---Forty.10.how much多少錢。回答含有金錢。How much is this coat.--It’s 89 dollars.How are you?你好嗎?--Fine, thank you!How old are you?你多少歲--I’m eleven years old.How do you like this skirt?你喜歡這條裙子嗎?--It’s very pretty/nice/cute/cool/beautiful.14 How about/What about.....?....怎么樣
一般疑問句(回答是yes或no)Is this the teachers’ office? Yes, it is./No, it isn’t.Is it cold? Yes, it is./ No, it isn’t.Is he your father? Yes, he is./No, he isn’t.Is she in the living room?Yes, she is./No, she isn’t.Are these/those/they carrots? Yes, they are./No, they aren’t.Are these yours? Yes, they are./ No, they aren’t.Do you have a library? Yes, we do./No, we don’t.Do you like pears? Yes, I do./ No, I don’t.Can I have some water?Yes, you can./ No, you can’t.單復數
is---areit---theyit---themthis---thesethat----those
it is----they areis it----are theytomato---tomatoes potato—potatoes
scarf--scarvesstrawberry--strawberries
一般以復數出現的物品: clothes衣服,pants長褲,shorts短褲,glasses眼鏡,gloves手套,socks襪子,shoes鞋子,chopsticks筷子,dollars美元four11 eleven12 twelve13 thirteen14 fourteen 15 fifteenfive7 seven20 twenty30 thirty40 forty50 fiftysixteen17 seventeen18 eighteen19 nineteen100 one hundred
sixty70 seventy80 eighty90 ninety101 one hundred and one
第四篇:七年級英語下冊_知識點總結_牛津上海版
七年級英語下冊 知識點總結 牛津上海版
Module 1 Garden City and its neighbours Unit 1 Writing a travel guide Unit 2 Going to see a film Unit 3 A visit to Garden City Unit 4 Let’s go shopping
1.How are you getting on with your travel guide? get on with “進展”;“與??相處(融洽)”
I’m getting on well with the preparation.How are you getting on with your new classmates?
2.be famous for?(以 /由于??出名)be(well)known as?(以 / 作為?.被人知曉)Shanghai is famous for its night views.Shanghai is also known as a “Shopping Paradise” becausethere are a lot of department stores and huge shopping centres.上海被譽為“購物天堂”,因為上海有
很多百貨商店和大型購物中心。
Qingpu is famous for its fish and rice.3.It is + adj.+ that(主語從句), 表示 “??太??了” It is wonderful that we can have dinner on the 91st floor in Shanghai World Financial Centre.It is not surprising that many tourists come to visit Shanghai every year to shop.It is + adj.+ to do sth.It is convenient to travel between Pudong and Puxi.=To travel between Pudong and Puxi is convenient.It is terrible to have dinner in this restaurant.The food tastes awful.=To have dinner in this restaurant is terrible.4.If you go there, you will see a huge open area with green grass, trees, fountains and pigeons.主句用一般將來(或can, may, must),從句用一般現在時。
用心
愛心
專心
Firemen will have no water to put out fires if there is no rain.We’ll go on an outing if it doesn’t rain tomorrow.If you go there, you can find a famous church.5.The Maglev takes you to the international airport in about eight minutes.磁懸浮列車可以在八分鐘之內將你帶到國際機場。
take sb.to ? “帶某人去某地”
in + 時間段, 表示 1.“在......之內”; 2.“在??之后” My father used to take me to the park nearly every weekend.It takes you about eight minutes to travel to the international airport by Maglev.The artist could draw a horse in five minutes.I would like to be an English teacher in 10 years’ time.My father will be back from Australia in a week.Travelling in Shanghai Shanghai is in the east of China.It is an international city.It is famous for its night views, local snacks.It is also known as a “Shopping Paradise” because there are a lot of department stores and shopping centres.If you go to Shanghai, you will see People’s Square.It is in the centre of Shanghai.If you go to Pudong, you can see the Oriental Pearl TV Tower and Shanghai Science and Technology Museum.The Maglev takes you to the international airport in about eight minutes.At Sheshan you will find a famous church and an observatory.In Yu Garden, you can eat different kinds of local snacks.There are many interesting places in Shanghai.Therefore, it is not surprising that tourists come to visit Shanghai every year!
6.take(have)a look at...= look at?
Let’s take(have)a look at the film guide.Would you like to have a look at the photo?
7.hate to do sth.= hate doing sth.不喜歡,討厭 I hate action films.(I hate seeing action films./ I hate to see action films.)
8.It’s an action film and it’s very exciting.action film(武打片,動作片);love story(愛情片);
用心
愛心
專心
cartoon(卡通片);exciting film(驚險片);cowboy story(西部片);horror story(恐怖片);police story(警匪片);documentary(紀錄片)
9.be full of ? “充滿,擠滿”(狀態)
be filled with ? “灌滿,裝滿”(動作)
The bottle is full of milk.(The bottle is filled with milk.)At lunch time, the school dining room is always full of people.Our English teacher is a man full of energy.The street is full of people.(句意不變)
→ The street is crowded with people.10.--How long is the film? 電影片長多久?--It’s 120 minutes.→How long does the film last? It lasts 80 minutes.The duration of “Swan Lake” is 80 minutes.11.How much are they going to pay for the tickets altogether? Sb.pays? for sth.I paid 90 yuan for the coat last Saturday.→ How much did you pay for the coat last Saturday? Sth.costs sb.?
The coat cost me 90 yuan last Saturday.The experiment cost him two years of hard work.Sb.spends ? on sth.Every morning Peter spends half an hour on /(in)reading English.I spent one and a half hours doing my homework last night.It takes sb.? to do sth.It took us 30 minutes to get to the Grand View Garden by car.It takes me five minutes to walk to school in the morning.You can take a bus there.(You can go there by bus.)We took a cable car up to the top of the mountain.Welcome to Sheshan
Suggested questions: 1.Where is Sheshan in Shanghai? 2.Which places can you visit in Sheshan? 3.How can you go there and what do you think of Sheshan?
Sheshan is in the southwest of Shanghai.It’s about 30
用心
愛心
專心
kilometres away from the centre of the city.There are many interesting places in Sheshan.You can visit the Forest Parkand there is a famous church at the top of the mountain.If you go there, you can also find an observatory.It’s a beautiful resort.You can go there by bus.I think you will enjoy yourself there.12.for prep.達(時間段)之久;
since prep.& conj.自從(過去時間點)以來 My uncle has been in the Army for 3 years.=(My uncle joined the Army 3 years ago.)Peter has worked in this company since 2005.=(Peter started to work in this company in 2005.)=(Peter has worked in this company for 4 years.)I have had the digital camera for 2 years.= I bought the digital camera 2 years ago.My grandfather has lived in the old town since he was born.I haven’t seen you for a long time.His father has been in Shanghai for quite a few years.13.Aunt Betty works in a company in Beijing, doesn’t she? She often has lunch at school, doesn’t she?
It’s very cold today, isn’t it? Your father is unhappy, isn’t he?
It is impossible to learn English well without remembering more words, isn’t it?
My sister never tells a lie, does she? She can hardly speak Chinese, can she? He was seldom late for school, was he? I am an English teacher, aren’t I?(注:回答此類問題時,應按實際情況當一般疑問句作答,用Yes或No;但回答 “前否后肯” 的句子時,它的中英文意思則不同。)--You can’t do it, can you?(你不會做這事,是嗎?)--No, I can’t.(是的,我不會。)--Yes, I can.(不,我會的。)
I have been to Shanghai Shanghai is in the east of China.It is one of the largest cities in the world.It is not only famous for its night views, but also known as a shopping paradise.Every year a number of tourists come to visit
用心
愛心
專心
Shanghai.I went to Shanghai with my parents last Sunday.We bought many things in Nanjing Road Walk Way.There you can find a lot of department stores and shopping centres.In Yu Garden, we ate different local snacks.They are very tasty.In the afternoon we visited Pudong New District and the international airport.If you go to Pudong, you can see the Oriental Pearl TV Tower and Shanghai Science and Technology Museum.There’re many interesting places in Shanghai.I’m proud of the great city--Shanghai.14.--Do you like the jeans with the yellow belt or the ones with the blue belt?--I like the ones with the blue belt.--Do you like the shirt with the long sleeves or the one with the short sleeves?--I like the one with the short sleeves.(注:選擇疑問句朗讀時要先升后降,回答時不用 yes 和 no, 應直接回答;the ones 替代前面對應的復數名詞, the one 替代前面對應的單數名詞)I don’t want these green peppers.Have you got any red ones? Our new CD player is more expensive than the one we had before.The child doesn’t like this book.Show her a more interesting one.15.Excuse me.“勞駕,借光”;與 I’m sorry.(Sorry.)(對不起,請原諒)Excuse me, which is the way to Grand View Garden? Excuse me, what’s the time by your watch?
(常用That’s all right./ Certainly./Never mind.回答)I’m sorry for my being late.I’m sorry for having kept you waiting for so long.(常用That’s all right./ Not at all./ It doesn’t matter.回答)
16.buy sth.for sb.= buy sb.sth.give sth to sb.= give sb.sth.Father bought a new pair of jeans for me yesterday.=Fahter bought me a new pair of jeans yesterday.My friend Tom gave a notebook to me.= My friend Tom gave me a notebook.Mum, can you make me a birthday cake?
用心
愛心
專心
= Mum, can you make a birthday cake for me? Can you pass the ball to me? = Can you pass me the ball?
17.--What do you need to buy at the shops?--I need to buy a computer book for my father.注意否定句的改寫: We don’t need to go shopping today.(實義動詞)= We needn’t go shopping today.(情態動詞)We don’t need to buy anything there.(實義動詞)We need to buy nothing there.(實義動詞)We needn’t buy anything there.(情態動詞)We need buy nothing there.(情態動詞)
Module 2 Better future Unit 5 What can we learn from others? Unit 6 Hard work for a better life Unit 7 In the future Unit 8 A more enjoyable school life
19.Who do you think is a model student? “do you think” 句中用作插入語
= Who is a model student, do you think?--I think Kitty is a model student.What do you think will happen in ten years’ time? His mother is a model of hard work.(模范)Children enjoy making airplane models.(模型)Andy is a famous model.(模特)
20.Long ago, there was a poor farmer called Fred.“called Fred” 過去分詞短語作定語(后置)They have a pet dog named(called)Sam.(過去分詞短語作定語)The lady in red is Tom’s mother.(介詞短語作定語)The girl in charge of our class is Alice.(介詞短語作定語)The man with a book in his hand has just come from Canada.(介詞短語作定語)The children running in the playground are the students of Class 4.(現在分詞短語作定語)
用心
愛心
專心
21.Although Maths is difficult for Kitty, she never gives it up.be difficult for 對??有難處,對??而言是困難的
It is difficult for the students to recite such a long text.Is it difficult for you to solve this problem? give up 放棄,放棄做某事
give up sth.give up doing sth.(give it up;give them up)Smoking is bad for health.My fahter gave it up at forty.=My father gave up smoking at forty because it is bad for health.22.I hope other people will learn from you.His suggestion is that we should learn from each other.We should learn from Leifeng.I hope you will learn a lot during your stay in America.23.reply 與 answer v.n.They didn’t reply to our new suggestion.(v.)I haven’t got the reply to my letter.(n.)You must reply to / answer this letter right away.(v.)I received no reply / answer to my request.(n.)
24.It is +adj.+ to do sth.It’s interesting to see butterflies flying around the flowers.It’s dangerous to play football in the street.It’s awful to walk in wet and dirty streets in spring.It’s nice to see birds making nests in spring.It is very kind of you to come and help me.It was silly of me to say such a thing.It is difficult for the students to recite such a long text.Is it difficult for you to solve this problem?
25.see ? do sth.“看見某人做了某事”(動作的全過程)see? diong sth.“看見某人正在做某事”(動作正在進行)
It’s interesting to see butterflies flying around the flowers.I saw her go into the teachers’ office minutes ago.I saw the boys flying the kites in the park this afternoon.26.What does spring make you think of?(想起,考慮)
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Spring makes me think of beautiful flowers and green trees.They’re thinking of /about buying a new car.(考慮)Lei Feng was always thinking of others.(著想)
I’ll think about your suggestion, and give you an answer tomorrow.(考慮)
Think it over, and you’ll find a way.(仔細考慮)
Write at least sixty words according to the given situation: Questions:
1.Why did you buy a present for your mother? 2.What did you buy for her? 3.What is it used for? 4.Where did you buy it? 5.How did you get there? 6.Did your mother like it? Why?
A present for my mother Last Sunday was Internatial Women’s Day.On that day I bought a present for my mother.It was a key ring.It is used for holding keys.I bought it in a toy shoping centre of the city.I went there by bus.When I gave it to my mother, she was very excited.She said she liked it very much.Although it was not very expensive, it was my first present for my mother.(75 words)
27.silly 頭腦簡單,傻頭傻腦的; stupid 智力差的,反應遲鈍的;
foolish 沒頭腦的,缺乏常識與判斷力的 Stop asking such silly questions!He is very stupid in learning Maths.It was a foolish thing to ask for the moon.28.There will be plenty of food in the forest in winter.There is a bus every five minutes.There was a very good film on TV last night.This road is very dangerous.There have been many accidents.I’m going away tomorrow.I’ll do my packing today because there won’t be time tomorrow.There will be a large garden in our school.用心
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29.He collected food and took it into his house.Would you please take the suitcase into my room for me? 注意 take 的用法:
(1)拿;取; I want to take some books to the classroom.(2)吃;喝;服用;添加 Take this medicine three times a day.(3)乘車(船)They usually take a bus to work.(4)花費(時間,金錢)How long will it take you to do your homework every day?(5)做??事情 take a walk;take a rest;take a look;take away;take care;take good care of;take down;take out;take off;take one’s time(Please take your time!請慢慢來!);take one’s temperature
30.He looked for food everywhere, but he found nothing.nothing = not anything He found nothing.= He didn’t find anything.look for(尋找的動作過程)find(尋找的結果)He has looked for his lost key, but he can’t find it.31.He felt cold, hungry and disappointed.系動詞 + 形容詞(系表結構)
--You look tired.--Yes, I feel tired.The boy looks sad.He looks sadly at his mother for help.It smells good.The price sounds reasonable.Silk feels smooth.32.The ant heard the grasshopper and came out of his house.out of 用法很多,請注意:
out of action(失去作用,停止運動)out of breath(上氣不接下氣)out of control(失去控制)out of date/out of fashion(過時)out of doubt(確定無疑)out of kindness(出于好意)out of order(不整齊)out of one’s power(力
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所不及)out of place(不適當,不相稱)out of question(毫無疑問)out of the question(不可能,成問題)out of shape(變形)out of work(失業,下崗)I saw him come out of the supermarket with a lady yesterday.Maybe it was his elder sister.Fish can not live out of water.This will happen in nine out of ten.The ship is out of sight.The traffic accident was out of carelessness in driving.We are out of tea.This paragraph is out of Marx’s works.He talked his wife out of buying the new bicycle.(他說服妻子不要買新自行車了)
33.What’s the matter(with you), my friend?
= What’s wrong with you?
= What’s the trouble with you?
= What’s the problem?
= What’s troubling you?
34.Perhaps people will be able to live on other planets.be able to 與 can 表示“能力” 可以換用:
Can you speak French? / Are you able to speak French? Look!I can swim.但不說: Look!I’m able to swim.be able to 比 can 有更多的變化形式:
When he grows up, he will be able to support his family.Frank is ill.He hasn’t been able to go to school for a week.could 常和 see, hear, smell, taste, feel, remember, understand等動詞連用:
When we entered the room, we could smell something burning.Although she spoke in a very low voice, I could understand what she said.It was a long word, but I could remember how to spell it.35.Perhaps there will be no water or air on the earth.perhaps adv.= maybe, possibly Perhaps / Maybe she’ll be back tomorrow.用心
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She will possibly be back tomorrow.no water or air 并立連接否定內容時要用 or : There is no oil or salt at home now.on earth 與 on the earth Long ago huge animals lived on the earth.很久以前,地球上生活著巨型動物。
Why on earth didn’t you tell me the truth? 你到底 / 究竟為什么不跟我說實話?(表示加重語氣)
36.Perhaps people in different countries will all be able to speak the same language.(same 前一般要加定冠詞)The students come from different parts of the world.Those shirts are all the same size.different from / the same as The cultures in China are different from those in foreign countries.Her hair is the same colour as her mother’s.Tom is the same height as Jack.37.I hope(that)there will be enough food for everyone.hope to do sth.hope(that)跟賓語從句(賓語從句常用一般將來時或情態動詞)I hope that I will become an astronaut.Tom hopes that people will not pollute the Earth.I hope to go to Qingdao with my father at the weekend.I hope??多用于對好事的盼望和預想; I’m afraid??多用于對壞事的預想
I hope it will be fine tomorrow.我希望明天天好。
I’m afraid it will rain again tomorrow.恐怕明天還會下雨。
38.After ten years, we can open the box and see how things have changed.after 在某個特定時間以后,也可用將來時態: The film will be shown after 8 o’clock this evening.They will start working after 10 a.m.in 從現在起的一段時間以后,用將來時態: They will start working in half an hour.用心
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A hard-working classmate Peter and I have been classmates since we came into middle school.He walks to school every morning because he says it is useful to exexcise more.Although Peter lives far away from school, he is never late for class.He gets up very early in the morning, and he practises reading English regularly.At school, he is always ready to help others.He also helps his teachers although he is busy with his studies.He is one of the top students in our class.Once he told me that he had a lot of pocket money but he never wasted it.He has decided to buy some books and send them to the poor children in the west.All the teachers and classmates love him very much.What a hard-working classmate Peter is!
The problem I have ever had.Suggested questions: 1.What was the problem you have ever had? 2.Why do you think it was a problem? 3.How do you deal with it? I have ever had a big problem.I couldn’t recite the English text.I always failed in recitation although I read the text again and again.I knew English was very useful in our life and it became more and more important.I asked my English teacher for help.He suggested I(should)go to the English corner and try to talk with the students and the foreign teacher there in English.I did so and I found it was a good way to improve my English level.Now I can recite each text I have learned and get good marks in recitation.39.It is + adj.+ to do sth.與 It would be + adj.+ to do sth.It is nice to eat ice cream in summer.(真實)It would be nice to have a swimming pool in our school.要是我們學校有個游泳池多好。(假設)
40.構詞法 – 前綴
possible – impossible;polite – impolite;necessary – unnecessary;like – unlike;tidy--untidy comfortable – uncomfortable;able – unable;interesting – uninteresting;important--unimportant
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like v.– dislike;appear – disappear;agree – disagree
41.反身代詞使用時應于主語相對呼應:
I(主格)– myself(單數)– ourselves(復數);you – yourself –yourselves;he – himself – themsleves; she – herself – themselves;it – itself--themsleves(1)作動詞賓語或介詞賓語 : She is teaching herself English.她正在自學英語。She was talking to herself.她在自言自語。
He lives in the country by himself.他獨自住在鄉下。(2)作主語同位語:(親自,本身)
Did you make the cake yourself? 這蛋糕是你親自做的嗎? The work itself is easy.這工作本身很容易。(3)作表語:(表示身體或精神狀態)
I’m not myself today.我今天不舒服。
I am feeling myself again.我覺得身體舒服了。(4)用于口語與固定用法中:
Help youself to the cakes, Kitty!請隨便吃蛋糕,Kitty!Make yourself at home!別客氣!Don’t upset youself!別自尋煩惱!
He can’t make himself heard(understood).Module 3 The natural elements Unit 9 The wind is blowing Unit 10 Water festival *Unit 11 Electricity
Sports and our life Suggestions: 1.What’s your favourite sport? 2.How do you play it in your spare time? 3.How does the sport influence(影響)your life? There are many kinds of sports all around the world.And My favourite sport is playing badminton.I always play badminton with my classmates in PE leaasons and we have agood time together.Sometimes I also play badminton with myparents at weekends.It can make me healthy and strong.My parents like it, too.I think it is a good way to kill time and spend our weekend well.用心
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Life in the future What do you think our life will be like in the future? Perhaps people will have robots.The robots will help us do all the housework.Perhaps there will be computers and vision phones in every home.Children will study on computers.Perhaps people will fly to the moon and live on it.I also think people will be able to build many beautiful cities under the sea.We can live under the sea and watch all the living things under the sea.How wonderful our future life will be!
42.形 容 詞 的 比 較 等 級
(1)原形容詞后加 er, est 構成比較級和最高級:
cold — colder — coldest;young –younger – youngest;fast – faster – fastest;cheap –cheaper – cheapest(2)原形容詞詞尾是字母 e 時,加 r, st 構成比較級和最高級: large – larger –largest;nice – nicer – nicerst(3)原形容詞詞尾是輔音字母+ y時,去 y, 加ier, iest 構成比較級和最高級:
dry – drier –driest;
friendly – friendlier – friendliest pretty –prettier –prettiest;easy – easier –easiest;(4)原形容詞是重讀閉音節時,雙寫詞末輔音字母,加 er, est構成比較級和最高級:
big – bigger –biggest;hot – hotter – hottest;thin – thinner – thinnest;wet – wetter--wettest(5)部分雙音節及三個音節以上的形容詞,在其前加 more, most構成比較級和最高級:
beautiful – more beautiful--most beautiful;comfortable – more comfortable--most comfortable;difficult--more difficult--most difficult;expensive--more expensive--most expensive(6)不規則的變化須記住:
bad –worse – worst;good / well –better – best;many / much – more – most(注意: 原形容詞最高級前須加定冠詞 the)
句型如下:
A.同級相比(肯定)as ? as;(否定)not as(so)? as B.比較級: 形容詞比較級 + than ? C.最高級:形容詞最高級 + in 群體
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Translate the following into English: 1.我的風箏沒有你的大。
My kite is not as big as yours.2.你的風箏比我的小。
Your kite is smaller than mine.3.他們的風箏沒我們的更有色彩。
Their kite isn’t as colourful as ours.(Our kite is more coloueful than theirs.)4.我的風箏最大最漂亮。
My kite is the biggest and the most beautiful.5.她的(風箏)沒你的漂亮。
Hers is not as beautiful as yours.6.Joe 的風箏比 Kitty 的更有色彩。
Joe’s(kite)is more colourful than Kitty’s.43.Strength is not always important.(力氣)He hasn’t got enough strength to remove that stone.I haven’t the strength to lift the heavy box.Union is strength.團結就是力量。
44.Mr Wind was very proud.He liked showing off his strength all the time.(proud adj.驕傲的,自豪的,得意的)I’m proud to be your friend.做你的朋友我感到驕傲。She is proud that she is the cheerleader of the school.be proud of / take pride in(為??感到自豪)We are proud of(take pride in)our motherland.show off(炫耀,賣弄)The Emperor liked showing off his new clothes.He is showing off his new mobile phone.45.I think Mr Sun is stronger than Mr Wind.I think 后如跟否定句,則要否定在主句上:
I don’t think Mr Wind is stronger than Mr Sun.我認為風先生沒有太陽先生厲害。
I don’t think he is good at learning English.我認為他不擅長學英語。
(誤)I think he isn’t a good boy.(正)I don’t think he is a good boy.我認為他不是個好男孩。
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46.That man felt hot and took off his coat.(脫下)You’d better take off your coat.It’s very warm inside.Put on more clothes when you go out.(穿上)The plane will take off in 20 minutes.(起飛)The sports meet was taken off because of the bad weather.(取消)
How to be a good student? As a good student, we should have good habits and ways of learning.We need to get ready for our lessons before class, and always listen to the teacher carefully in class.After class, we must go over the lessons and finish our homework on time.It’s good to study in groups and help each.As a student, working hard is important.But don’t forget to dosports and keep healthy.We should do more reading in our free time.If we have any problems, we’d better ask others forhelp.I hope all these will be helpful to you.47.Today, I’m goingto teach you how to make a kite.疑問詞 + 不定式的結構作動詞賓語
Can you tell me where to go tomorrow? Do you know when to set off? Please let me know what to do next.48.To make a kite, you need some thin sticks, some pieces of coloured paper and a reel of string.不定式短語作目的狀語 = in order to To answer this question, you need to do a survey first.To find out the thief, the police searched nearly everywhere.To get good marks, you should study even harder.49.Finally, tie the frame to a reel of string.tie ? to ? “把 ?? 系在 ??上”
The robber tied him to a chair.強盜把他捆在椅子上。The boy tied the sheep to a tree.小孩把羊栓在一棵樹上。
注意:
He tied the papers with string.他用繩子把報紙捆起來。
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50.rise – rose –risen vi.(不及物動詞)上升,起身
raise – raised –raised vt.(及物動詞)使升起來,舉起 The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.The chairman rose from his chair.主席從椅子上站了起來。The sun has not yet risen.太陽還沒升起。Raise your hands if you have any questions.The rain raised the river.Soldiers raise the national flag early in the morning.51.speed – sped – sped 快速前行,加速 The ambulance sped to the hospital.Tom was fined for speeding.The train is travelling at a speed of sixty miles an hour.(n.)
52.among(三者或三者以上)與 between(兩者之間)They hid themselves among the trees.I found it among a pile of old books.This book is the best among the modern novels.Shanghai is among(one of)the largest cities in the world.There was a fight between the two boys.I am usually free between Tuesday and Thursday.Children usually have a short break between two classes.We must save water.(Water is important.)Water is very important to us.Everyday we drink water, cook with water, take a shower inwater, and have many outdoor activities with water.Although 75% of the surface of the Earth is covered with water, most of the water on the Earth is in the oceans.So only 3% of water on the Earth can be used as drinkingwater.A person can live without food for more than a month, but a person can only live without water for about one week.Water is getting less and less, and it becomes more and more important.It’s time for us to save water.用心
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53.Next, make ice cubes out of the different kinds of fruit juice.make ? out of ? “用??來制作??” We can make many things out of bamboo.我們可以用竹子做很多東西。
Children usually make lanterns out of pumpkins.孩子們通常用南瓜來做燈籠。
54.pour?into? “將?? 倒入??中”
I’ve poured coffee into ypur cup by mistake.我錯把咖啡倒在你的杯子里了。
add ? to? “將?? 加入??中” Please add some salt to the soup.Add the ice cubes to the lemonnade, please.55.The iced fruit punch is ready.冰鎮水果賓治就做好了。
be ready Dinner is ready.晚飯準備好了。Are you ready? 你(們)準備好了嗎?
be ready for = get ready for = prepare for 為??做準備 The students are getting ready for the exam.be ready to do sth.= get ready to do sth.準備做某事; 樂意做某事
Are you getting ready to run? 你們準備好跑步了嗎?
Peter is a model student.He is always ready to help others.Peter是個模范學生,他總是樂于助人。
56.freeze–froze–frozen-freezing Water freezes at 0°c.(v.結冰)
Don’t eat too much frozen food.(adj.冰凍的)
We can’t go out in such freezing weather.(adj.極寒冷的)
The three forms of water Suggested questions: 1.What are the three forms of water? 2.What will happen if we change the forms? We all know that there are three forms of water in our lives.They are water, ice and steam.When water freezes, it turns into ice.When ice melts, it turns into water again.If we boil water, it will turn into steam.However, when steam cools down, it turns into water
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again.Water in our lives is very important.And the drinking water on the Earth is getting less and less.So we mustn’t waste water.57.No diving.(標志用語)= Diving is not allowed.= People mustn’t dive.= Don’t dive.No ball games.(Ball games are not allowed./ Popple mustn’t play ball games./ Don’t play ball games.)No U-turn!禁止調頭。
No parking here!此處禁止停車。
58.Fishing is not allowed.= You mustn’t fish.Mother allowed me to play computer games for a while.Swimming is not allowed at this beach.= You mustn’t swim at this beach.You are not allowed to park your car here.用心
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第五篇:八年級下冊語文知識點梳理
八年級下冊語文知識點梳理
《藤野先生》
1.字詞:
爛漫.緋紅 驛站 不遜 匿名 瞥見 畸形 杳無消息
2.作者簡介:魯迅 中國偉大的文學家,思想家,革命家、3.文章體裁:回憶性散文。
4.文章思想內容:
文章記述了作者在仙臺學醫時候的生活,贊揚了藤野先生的正直、無私、沒有民族偏見的高尚品質,書法了作者對他的懷念。
5.文章結構:全文38個自然段,分為三部分
第一部分1-3,寫在東京的所見所感
第二部分4-45,寫與先生的相識、相處、相離。
第三部分36-38,寫離開仙臺后懷念先生的感情和行動。
6.文章線索:
①明線:以我和藤野先生交往為線索,圍繞藤野先生崇高品質組織材料。
②暗線:作者感情變化為線索,寫自己棄醫從文,很多事情是圍繞內在線索組織材料。
因此文章雖然長,卻脈絡分明,材料雖多,卻井然有序。
7.人物形象:
①人物性格特征:藤野先生治學嚴謹、認真負責、正直、沒有民族偏見
②塑造人物方法:
選擇典型事例。為了突出藤野先生的品質,文章具體寫了四件事:修改講義,改正解剖圖,關心解剖實習和了解中國女人裹腳情形。
白描手法:如藤野先生外貌、語調、衣飾等寫出了他治學嚴謹、生活樸素的學者形象。載入對請過留學生辮子的描寫,揭示了他們庸俗腐朽的思想,表達作者厭惡之情。
8.語言特點:樸素含蓄,精煉深刻。
如:①東京也無非時這樣
②中國時弱國,所以中國人當然時低能兒
③在那時那地,我的思想卻變了
2.我的母親
1.字詞: 責罰、管束、廣漠、寬恕、質問、輕薄、仁慈、文縐縐
2.文學常識:
胡適,字適之,安徽績溪人學者。著作:《中國哲學史大綱》《胡適文存》《白話文學史》《戴東原的哲學》等。
3.文章內容:
首先繼續了兒時的性格特點和給自己留下的深刻往事,主體部分記敘了母親的幾個事件:4.母親對我的管教2.母親處理家庭的難事和矛盾。3.母親如何對待他人對自己的人格侮辱;
最后寫母親對自己的影響。
5.作品情感:對母親的感激、懷念和敬愛之情。
.人物形象:
①人物形象特征:為人克己謙讓,寬容善待,和睦仁慈,教子嚴格。
②塑造人物的方法:選擇典型事例;
6.情感抒發方法:
①質樸真切的敘述語言與自然流暢的結構與作者真摯的情感相輔相成;
②用童年視角回憶往事。
7.語言特點: 樸質、真切,不加修飾。
4.列夫.托爾斯泰
1.字詞:
黝黑 炙熱 尷尬 犀利 滯留 禁錮 頷首低眉 锃亮 廣袤無垠
誠惶誠恐 廣袤無垠
2.文學常識:
茨威格,奧地利文學家。主要成就在文學傳記《三位大師》
列夫.托爾斯泰,俄國偉大作家。他的三步里程碑式巨著是《戰爭與和平》《復活》《安娜 卡列尼娜》
3.文章的思路:文章前半部分描寫托爾斯泰的外貌特征反襯后半部分托爾斯泰非同尋常的的眼睛,反襯他高貴的靈魂。
4.文章主題: 對列夫?托爾斯泰的崇敬、贊美之情。
5.人物描寫特色:
(1)比喻的修辭
“托爾斯泰面部的其他部件--胡子、眉毛、頭發,都不過是用以包裝、保護這對閃光的珠寶的甲殼而已。”粗鄙的外表反襯出他眼睛的無比精美。
(2)夸張的修辭:
“托耳斯泰這對眼睛里有一百只眼珠。”夸張的手法道出托爾斯泰那種把萬事萬物盡收眼底的全方位的觀察力。
6.人物形象:
文章展現托爾斯泰獨特的外貌特征,揭示他深邃的精神世界,洋溢著崇敬贊美之情。
7.重點語句的內涵
“直到年紀大了以后……直到人生的晚秋,俊秀之光才使這塊悲涼之地解凍。”寫出托爾斯泰晚年堅決站在農民的立場上,對國家教會進行強烈的抨擊。
6.《雪》
1.字詞: 字音字形:凜冽,脂粉奩,詞義:博識,消釋,凜冽,升騰
2.文學常識:
魯迅,原名周樹人,我國偉大的文學家、思想家、革命家。重要作品《阿Q正傳》《吶喊》《朝花夕拾》。本文出自散文詩集《野草》我們學過選自《野草》的文章有《風箏》。
3.文章的思路以及作者的情感:
文中寫了暖國的雪和朔方的雪,暖國的雪滋潤美艷,作者的感情是充滿回憶與對美好的向往。朔方的雪如粉如沙,決不粘連,表現出作者對不屈的斗爭精神的歌頌。兩幅鮮明對立的圖景中貫穿著一個共同的情感:要用戰斗來創造一個春天般美好的世界。
3.語言特點: 本文語言內蘊豐富,清新優美。
4.景物描寫:細致生動
①從內容、色彩、虛實、方面展開,采用比喻、擬人的方法展示了江南雪的盎然與生機,北方雪的不屈與張揚。
②通過對比的方式展示南北雪的不同特征。
5.作品語言特征:
準確,富有表現力。如“冰冷的” “堅硬的”“燦爛的”來修飾雪,寫出了北方雪不屈的精神。“但是”體現出來作者的情感取向。
6.文章借景抒情的寫法:
兩幅鮮明對立的圖景中貫穿著一個共同的情感:要用戰斗來創造一個春天般美好的世界。
7.重點語句含義:
“那是孤獨的雪,是死掉的雨,是雨的精魂。”
北方的雪的特質之一是孤獨,在這里它還被表現為死掉的雨的意思。北方的雪完全升華是與死亡聯系在一起的,也正是完全的獻身,讓它成為了雨的精魂--凝聚了所有堅強內核的精魂。
9.海燕
1.字詞:膽怯、翡翠、蜿蜒、飛竄、呻吟
2.文學常識:高爾基,俄國作家,社會主義、現實主義文學奠基人。列寧稱他“無產階級藝術最偉大的代表者”。主要作品有長篇小說《母親》、自轉體三部曲《童年》《在人間》《我的大學》
本文是高爾基幻想曲《春天的旋律》的結尾,原題為“海燕之歌”。
3.體裁:散文詩
4.文章思路:暴風雨將來-逼近-即臨
5.文章主題:通過對暴風雨來臨前大海景象的描繪和對海燕英姿的刻畫,熱情歌頌了俄國無產階級革命先驅者勇敢無畏的戰斗精神,預言沙皇黑暗統治必將崩潰,號召人民迎接偉大的革命斗爭。
6.景物描寫及作用:
在烏云和大海之間…… 點明海燕所處環境,襯托海燕頑強、樂觀、勇敢的戰斗精神。
7.海燕的形象:勇猛堅強、樂觀自信、富于獻身精神的無產階級革命先驅者
8.象征手法及意義:象征手法使思想更加形象、可干,而且拓展了作品的思想內涵和審美空間。
海燕:象征無產階級革命先驅。
海鷗、海鴨、企鵝:害怕革命、不革命和假革命者
烏云、狂風、雷電:反動勢力
暴風雨:席卷一切的革命浪潮
9對比手法: 海鷗等與海燕對比,襯托海燕的勇敢、自信、樂觀。
10修辭手法的運用: 反復、比喻、擬人對比等進一步增強了作品表現力。
11重點句子:
讓暴風雨來得更猛烈些吧:祈使句,飽含著革命先驅者對無產階級革命的渴望與期待,預報革命風暴即將到來,表達了自信豪邁的戰斗情懷和高昂的革命樂觀主義精神。
12.文章感情:贊美像海燕一樣的無產階級戰士,鞭撻的是海鷗之類的不革命者及反革命勢力,表現了作者抑惡揚善、愛憎分明的情感態度。敬畏自然
1.字詞: 鯤鵬 蓬蒿 咫尺 吶喊 混淆 相形見絀
2.理解題目:
敬畏 是敬重畏懼的意思。題目的意思是說人類應敬重自然界的萬物,充分認識自然的偉大,愛護自然,與自然和諧相處。
3.文章主題:
本文談論的是人與自然的關系。人類應從根本上轉變理念,再也不要宣稱什么“征服自然”,應該敬畏自然,愛護自然。
理解:我們再也不應該把宇宙的其它部分看做只是我們征服的對象,再也不應該把其他生物僅僅看做我們的美味佳肴,而首先應該把他們看作是與我們平等的生命,看作是宇宙智慧的創造物,看作是宇宙之美的展示者,首先應該敬畏它們,就像敬畏我們自己一樣。敬畏它們,就是敬畏宇宙,敬畏自然,就是敬畏我們自己。
4、富有哲理的語句。
(1.)人類為自己取得這些成就而喜形于色,然而誰能斷言那些狼藉斑斑的礦坑不會是人類自掘的陷阱呢?
掉入陷阱,就是危機。這句話的意思是,人類開采煤炭、石油、天然氣以及其他各種礦物,留下了無數礦坑,也就破壞了地貌和地層結構,很可能釀成嚴重后果,危及人類自身。
(2.)人類并不孤獨,在宇宙中處處是我們的弟兄。
宇宙的一切,包括人類,都是宇宙生命的構成部分,人類之外的一切,也是生命的種種存在形式,所以它們與我們是平等的生命,是我們的弟兄。
5.反問的修辭方法。
運用反問,更能激發讀者的思考,語氣更強烈,有催人深思的效果。(1)你難道沒有聽到石頭里也有生命的吶喊嗎?
(2)那永恒的運動、那演化的過程,不正是她生命力的體現嗎?
16.云南的歌會
1、字詞:即物起興 龍吟鳳噦 迤西 熹微 酬和 蹲踞
2、.文學常識:沈從文,(1902-1988),原名沈岳煥,湖南鳳凰人。代表作有《蕭蕭》,中篇小說《邊城》等。
3、文章結構:第一部分:山野對歌,歡快活潑、樸素動人;第二部分:山路漫歌,環境優美、聲韻動人;第三部分:村寨傳歌,場面宏偉,氣勢壯觀。
4.人物描寫方法:
一種以工筆描繪為主,刻畫細膩真實,作者的態度隱含在字里行間。第二種描寫人物地神韻氣度,流露出作者強烈的情感傾向,運用比喻、擬人的方式展示。5.景物描寫:
自然景物描寫及其作用:以優美環境襯托優美的人物優美的歌。
場景:三個唱歌場面。
6.作者的感情:
作者在文中描寫了云南有特色的歌會,寫了人們之間自然和諧的關系,這就很自然地流露出了作者對于美好生活和人生的感悟。
17端午的鴨蛋
1.字詞:腌 門檻 門楣 莧菜 籍貫 城隍廟 肅然起敬 囊螢映雪 曾經滄海難為水
2.文學常識:汪曾祺,江蘇高郵人,作家。
了解其散文“小敘事”的創作特點。感受作者散文閑適自由的創作風格。
3.文章的思路 :說端午,介紹端午的種風俗;說鴨蛋,寫家鄉鴨蛋的名聲特色;說端午的鴨蛋,著重寫了鴨蛋絡子。
4.文章主旨: 在平淡的生活中發現情趣,發現詩意,在小小的鴨蛋里嘗出生活的滋味,文章從容散淡,流露出對兒時生活的懷想,對故鄉的熱愛。
5.作者情感:
文章的2、3段寫家鄉鴨蛋的名聲、特色,作者對家鄉由衷的熱愛和自豪。
文章的5、6段,寫端午的鴨蛋。表現出散淡的生活情趣和對童年生活的懷念。
6.平淡而有味的語言特點:
①口語色彩濃厚。②古漢語的點綴,增添了典雅之美。③善于運用語言“造型”。
18.吆喝
1.字詞: ①加點字的讀音。
鈸(bō)荸薺(bí qi)鐵鉉(xuàn)秫秸稈(shú jiē gǎn)招徠(lái)
②詞語的含義。
隨機應變:機:時機,形勢。隨著情況的變化靈活機動地應付。
合轍押韻:押韻的意思。油嘴滑舌:形容說話油滑,耍嘴皮子。
2.文學常識:蕭乾,原名蕭秉乾(1910-1999),生于北京。蕭乾先生是有重大國際影響的我國著名作家、記者、翻譯家
3.文章內容及情感:本文介紹了北京的吆喝聲所代表的經營品種,介紹了各種吆喝聲的具體內容,表現方式以及音韻節奏等,充滿了對往事的懷念之情。
4.文章的結構
①總分總 ②按照時間的順序記敘。③材料安排詳略得當。④語段的銜接過渡。
5.作品語言風格:
①本文是用地道的北京口語寫的,特別是描寫吆喝的語句,富有濃郁的地方特色。
②平易而又不乏生動幽默的語言特點。
21.與朱元思書
1.文學常識:
①作者:吳均(469-520),字叔癢,吳興故鄣(浙江安吉)人,南朝梁代文學家。
②體裁:書信體。從內容上看是寫景小品文。
2詞語
①實詞:、許、湍、奔、負、②一詞多義:絕 指
③詞類活用:軒 邈 ④通假字:反 見
4.重要句子含義:
鳶飛戾天者,望峰息心;經綸世務者,窺谷忘反課文內容及結構:
課文中作者描繪了富春江一百許里江上雄奇秀麗的景致。先總說富春江奇特秀麗的景色。然后寫異水、奇山,最后仍歸結在景色上。
6.寫景順序:先“水”后“山”
7.寫景手法: 寫水的清澈用正面描寫與側面描寫相結合,水流的迅急用比喻、夸張寫出,同時采用了動靜結合方式;描寫山的形態時用擬人的修辭手法寫出了山峰爭先恐后,向上崛起的形狀,化靜為動;寫山中景色時用了反襯,以鬧顯靜;從視覺和聽覺角度,多角度的描寫山的奇。
8.語言特點:
駢體文。全篇以偶句為主,講究對仗和聲律。讀來瑯瑯上口。例如 急湍甚箭 猛浪若奔。
22、五柳先生傳
1、字詞:嗜曾簞黔儔殤
2、文學常識:
陶淵明,東晉著名田園詩人,一名潛,字元亮,號五柳先生,初中學過的有《桃花源記》、《飲酒》、《歸園田居》等。
傳:實為自傳。贊,助也。
3人物形象:閑靜少言,不慕榮利,貧困而閑適的安貧樂道的隱士形象。
4.刻畫人物的方法: 思想、愛好、性格、生活、著文等方面展示人物風貌。
5.重點語句理解:
(1)“每有會意,便欣然忘食”。意思是五柳先生每次讀書有心得體會時,便沉浸于書中而忘記了飲食。
(2)好讀書,不求甚解。
(3)短褐穿結,簞瓢屢空,晏如也。
6.語言特點: 多有否定句式,平淡自然,高度凝練。
23.馬說
1.文學常識:
①作者:韓愈,字退之,河南河陽人(孟縣)。唐代文學家。“唐宋八大家”之首。②文體特征:說,是古代一種議論文體,用以陳述作者對某些問題的刊發,雖是議論文體,卻講究文采。
2.詞語: 實詞:駢、外見,是、等。通假字:食、見、耶。
一詞多義:食、策、或、能
3.重點語句含義: 其真無馬耶?其真不知馬也
4.文章主要內容:
文章圍繞千里馬的問題展開論述,揭露了封建統治者的昏庸愚昧,埋沒人才,抒發了作者懷才不遇的心情。
5.本文寫法:托物寓意,借物抒情。
本文中“千里馬”寓人才,“伯樂”寓能發現賞識任用人才的人。借千里馬被埋沒流露出作者懷才不遇之情,統治者埋沒人才的憤懣和控訴。
6.文章結構:
先正面提出問題,接著從反面展開議論,接著揭露里馬被埋沒的原因,嘲諷了食馬者的愚妄無知,最后歸結出“其真不知馬也”的中心句。
7.文章語言特點: 簡潔、洗練。
24.送東陽馬生序
1.文學常識:
①宋濂,字景濂,號潛溪,浦江人。明初文學家。他家境貧寒但自幼好學。一生刻苦學習,“自少至老,未嘗一日去書卷,于學無所不通。”在我國古代文學史中,與劉基、高啟并列為明初詩文三大家。他的著作以傳記小品和記敘性散文為代表,散文或質樸簡潔,或雍容典雅,各有特色。朱元璋稱他為“開國文臣之首”,劉基贊許他“當今文章第一”,四方學者稱他為“太史公”。著有《宋學士文集》。
②序,是一種文體,分書序和贈序兩種。書序比較早,多為敘述著作者的意趣、寫作緣起等,贈序創于唐初,用于臨別贈言,如韓愈的《送孟東野序》、柳宗元的《送薛存義序》,多為贊頌、勉勵、祝愿、惜別之辭。
③人從小到大的順序是--孩提、加冠、而立、不惑、知天命、花甲、古稀、耄耋。
2.重點字詞: 讀音:缊、嗜、叱咄、俟、篋、屣、皸、媵、燁、通假字:支通“肢”,肢體 被通“披”,穿
古今異義:假 古義:借 今義:與“真”相對
走 古義:跑 今義:食物煮熟后所得的汁水
湯 古義:熱水 今義:行走
一詞多義 以 介詞,用。如:以衾擁覆
介詞,表示動作、行為所憑借的身份,可譯為“用(憑)------身份”。如:生多以書假余
連詞,表目的關系,譯作“來”如:家貧,無從致書以觀
連詞,表修飾關系 如:俯身傾耳以請
連詞,表原因,因為。如:以中有足樂者
3.重點句子含義:
(1)無從致書以觀,每假借于藏書之家,手自筆錄,計日以還
(2)錄畢,走送之,不敢稍逾約
(3)以是人多以書假余,余因得遍觀群書
(4)余立侍左右,援疑質理,俯身傾耳以請
(5)俟其欣悅,則又請焉
(6)寓逆旅,主人日再食,無鮮肥滋味之享
(7)以中有足樂者,不知口體之奉不若人也
4.文章思路:
總體記述作者青少年時期求學經歷。少年時代讀書的刻苦勤奮--求師的艱難--求學的艱苦情況。
3.文章主題:
本文通過敘述作者青少年時代求學的艱難和奮學習的經歷,對馬生寄予了殷切的期望,勉勵他勤奮學習,成為德才兼備的人。
4.借事說理、寓理于事的寫法
本文是長輩對晚輩的臨別贈言。作者既要使晚輩有所收益,又不宜板起面孔說教,于是作者就采用了現身說法的形式,歷述自己當初得書的艱難,從師的辛苦,借事明理,以情感人讓后輩從親切委婉的故事敘述中去領悟要義,吸取學習的動力,把握學習的方法。既有自己艱苦經歷的正面教育,又有富家子弟的求學情形提供反面教訓,既含教誨,又懷勉勵,寫來親切感人,很有說服力。
5.對比手法的運用:
當年求學時的學習條件和學習態度與同舍生作對比。同舍生生活條件優裕,顯得神氣活現,而自己則是吃穿不如人。正因為自己將學習,求取知識當成快樂的事情,就不覺得吃穿不如人了。通過對比,使得文章更形象,更鮮明,更有說服力。
6.環境描寫作用:
環境的惡劣,自己受凍的苦狀,反襯出求學的決心之大,意志之堅。
25詩詞曲五首
第一首《酬樂天揚州初逢席上見贈》
1.字詞:柯、畔、長
2.作者:
劉禹錫(772-840)字夢得,洛陽(今屬河南)人。唐代文學家。劉禹錫詩文清新,語言儉樸生動。有《劉夢得文集》。
3.背景:
《酬樂天揚州初逢席上見贈》“酬”這里是以詩相答之意。“樂天”白居易的字。“揚州”相逢的地點。對“初逢”二字,可以有兩種理解:一是未見過面,初次相逢:二是久別之后,初次相逢,尚無定論。“見”有“感謝”之意。“贈”指白詩《醉贈劉二十八使君》。這首詩是唐代詩人劉禹錫與敬宗寶歷二年(826)冬,罷和州刺史后,回歸洛陽,途徑揚州,與罷蘇州刺史后也回歸洛陽的白居易相會所作。是對白居易在宴席上寫的《醉贈劉二十八使君》一詩的酬答。
4.詩歌主旨:
《酬樂天揚州初逢席上見贈》這首詩抒發了作者二十多念轉徙巴山楚水的悲憤心情,流露了對王樹文、柳宗元等已故友人的懷念呵對保守勢力的憤慨,表現出曠達的胸懷呵積極進取的精神
4.重要詩句含義:
“沉舟側畔千帆過,病樹前頭萬木春 ”,這兩句借用自然景物的變化暗示社會的發展,蘊含著深刻的哲理。意思是說,個人的沉淪算不上什么,社會總是要向前發展的,未來肯定會比現在好。白居易稱贊這一聯“神妙”,就是從詩的思想性和藝術性,景、情、理相結合的角度來評價的。
第二首《赤壁》
1.字詞:戟、銷、2.背景:《赤壁》這首詩是作者經過赤壁(即今湖北赤壁)這著名的的古戰場時,有感與三國時代的英雄成敗而寫下的。詩以地名為題,實則是懷古詠史之作。
3.作者:杜牧(803-852)字牧之,京兆萬年(今陜西西安)人。晚唐詩人、文學家。他有政治思想,但由于秉性剛直,屢受排擠,一生仕途不得志。杜牧的詩、賦、文都負盛名,而以詩的成就最大,與李商隱齊名,世稱“小李杜”。其詩風格俊爽清麗,獨樹一幟。4.詩歌思想內容:
作者借赤壁之戰來抒發自己的感慨,告誡統治者不要寄希望與僥幸。
5.重要語句含義:
“東風不與周郎便,銅雀春深鎖二喬”,如果不是東風給了周瑜以方便,取得勝利的就可能是曹操,歷史將要重寫。告誡統治者不要寄希望與僥幸。
第三首《過零丁洋》
1.字詞:干戈、寥落、惶恐
2.背景:《過零丁洋》此詩是文天祥《指南錄》中的一篇,為其代表作之一,約作于祥興二年(1279)--被元軍俘獲的第二年正月過零丁洋之時。后來元軍元帥張弘范一再逼他寫信招降南宋在海上堅持抵抗的張世杰,他出示此詩以明志節。
3.作者:文天祥(1236-1283),字屢善,又字宋瑞,自號文山,吉州吉水(今江西)人南宋政治家、愛國詩人。
4.主旨:通過追憶自己抗元的艱辛經歷,表現詩人憂國之痛和以死明志、為國捐軀的豪情壯志。
5.名句:“人生自古誰無死?留取丹心照汗青。”這兩句直抒胸臆,表明自己以死明志的決心。是千古傳誦的名句。詩句所表現的崇高氣節,慷慨悲壯,震撼人心。
第四首:《水調歌頭》
1.字詞:宮闕、低綺戶、嬋娟、2.文學常識:①“水調歌頭”是詞牌名。
②蘇軾(1037-1101),字子瞻,字號東坡居士,四川眉山人。北宋文學家。父蘇洵、弟蘇轍都是文學家,世稱“三蘇”。名作有《念奴嬌》《水調歌頭》等開豪放派的先河,與辛棄疾稱“蘇辛”蘇軾散文結構謹嚴,明白曉暢,與歐陽修并稱“歐蘇”,是“唐宋八大家”之一
3.詩意:
《水調歌頭》詞的上片主要抒發對政治的感慨,極寫詞人在“天上”“人間'的徘徊、矛盾,末了想通了,仰望明月,不禁婆婆起舞,表現出積極的樂觀的情趣。
下片寫對月懷人,抒發對兄弟的懷念之情,以積極樂觀的曠達情懷作結。
4.詩歌主旨:《水調歌頭》這首詩所表現的思想感情,本來甚為明顯,蘇軾因為政治處境的失意以及呵其弟蘇轍的別離,中秋對月,不無抑郁惆悵之感。但是他沒有陷在消極悲觀的情趣中,旋即以超然達觀的思想憂患,表現出對生活的熱愛。
5.重要詩句含義:
”但愿人長久,千里共嬋娟“這兩句是說,惟愿(兄弟)彼此珍重,在遠別的時光中共賞中秋美好的 月色。
第五首《山坡羊 潼關懷古》
1.字詞:潼關、躊躇
2.背景:”潼關“,古代著名關塞,位于陜西潼關縣北,地處陜西、山西、河南三省交界處,關城雄踞山腰,東北據黃河天塹,西南依華山險阻,歷來是東西交通要到,軍事攻守重地。”懷古“,意思是憑吊古代遺跡,追懷古事,抒發作者的情懷。
3.作者:張養浩(1270-1330)字希夢,號云莊,濟南人。元代散區作家。張養浩的散曲流露出對官場的不滿,表現了關心百姓、同情黎庶,與人民休戚與共、息息相依的民本思想。
4.詩歌主旨:山坡羊 潼關懷古》作者吊古釋懷,表達了悲憤傷感之情,揭示出人民的悲慘命運根源之所在。
5.重要詩句含義:”興百姓,苦,亡百姓苦。“
詩人行徑潼關,見關塞險要,不由追憶歷史上的興旺更替,由此一針見血地指出:興,也好,亡也好,受苦受難的總是天下的老百姓。表現了詩人對百姓的同情,也揭露了歷代封建統治者對百姓的 壓迫,是對長期封建社會歷史的一個深刻反思呵高度概括,高屋建瓴,精警異常,足底一篇長篇政論。在元代,這顯得難能可貴。
26.《小石潭記》
1.積累字詞:
實詞: 尤為 參差 斗折蛇行 寂寥居隸 凄神寒骨 去
一詞多義:可從以 樂
詞類活用:西 樂下斗蛇 犬牙寒 古今意異義:小生
2.文學常識:柳宗元,字子厚,河東人,唐代杰出的文學家、思想家。本文是一篇游記散文,寫于他被貶永州時,是《永州八記》中的第四記。
3.文章的思路
發現小石潭--小石潭景物--小石潭源流--小石潭氣氛及作者感受--記同游者
4.寫景特點: 動靜結合 抓住景物特征 對比和烘托手法 情景交融
5.作者思想感情
作者著力渲染了凄清幽靜的氣氛,抒發了悲涼凄苦的情感。
6.山水名篇名句《三峽》《答謝中書書》《使至塞上》等
7.背誦全文
27.岳陽樓記
1.文學常識:
范仲淹(989-1052),字希文,蘇州吳縣人,北宋政治家、文學家。他出身貧寒,幼年喪父,對下層人民的痛苦體會較深。宋仁宗天圣年間,出任西溪鹽官,建議在泰州修捍海堰。寶元三年,任陜西經略安撫招討副使。慶歷三年,范仲淹返朝,任參政知事。提出十條改革措施,因遭保守派反對罷政,于慶歷五年貶放鄧州,以后還做過杭州、青州的太守。死后謚號文正。著有《范文正文集》。
2.重點字詞句
(1)通假字 ①政通人和,百廢具興。”具“通”俱“ ②屬予作文以記之。”屬“通”囑“
(2)積累詞語: 實詞:(名詞)賦、國、景、大觀、遷客、騷人、寵辱(動詞)謫、屬、把
虛詞:夫、斯、其、微、則、然則
短語:百廢具興、浩浩湯湯、氣象萬千、淫雨霏霏、陰風怒號、濁浪排空、虎嘯猿啼、滿目蕭然、感極而悲、一碧萬頃、郁郁青青、皓月千里、心曠神怡、先憂后樂
(3)重要句子意思
①銜遠山,吞長江,浩浩蕩蕩,橫無際涯。
譯:(洞庭湖)連接著遠方的山脈,吞噬著長江的流水,浩浩蕩蕩,寬闊無邊。
②朝暉夕陰,氣象萬千。
譯:或早或晚,(一天里)湖面上有時灑滿陽光,有時又是一片昏暗,景物的變化無窮無盡。
③登斯樓也,則有去國懷鄉,憂讒畏譏,滿目蕭然,感極而悲者矣。
譯:登上這座樓,就會產生遠離國都(朝廷),思念故鄉,擔心別人誹謗,害怕別人譏諷,滿眼是蕭條的景象,感慨橫生而悲傷的情緒了。
④予嘗求古仁人之心,或異二者之為。
譯:我曾經探求過古代品德高尚的人的思想感情,(他們)或許跟上面說的那兩種表現不同。
⑤居廟堂之高則憂其民,處江湖之遠憂其君。
譯:在高高的朝廷(做官)就為人民憂患,在僻遠的江湖間就為國君憂慮。
⑥其必曰”先天下之憂而憂,后天下之樂而樂“乎。
譯:那他一定會說”在天下人擔憂之前就擔憂,在天下人享樂之后才享樂“吧。⑦噫!微斯人,吾誰與歸?
譯:啊!沒有這種人,我同誰同道呢?(”吾誰與歸“即”吾與誰歸“,疑問句中賓語前置。)
4.文章的寫作思路,第一段:交代作記的緣由。(記敘)
第二段:總寫巴陵勝狀。(描寫)
第三、四段:觀覽兩種不同的自然景物及產生的兩種不同的情感。(描寫 抒情)
第五段:言志(抒情 議論)
5.景物描寫:
①第三段:
景物特征:陰冷、蕭條。
寫景順序:由高到低 由遠到近
覽物之情:感傷 憂愁
表達方式:描寫 抒情
③第四段:
景物特征:明朗、富有生命氣息 歡快
寫景順序:由高到低 由遠到近
覽物之情:歡欣 喜悅
6表達方式:描寫 抒情
7.重點語句含義及表達的思想情感
(1):不以物喜,不以己悲。表現作者愿與古仁人同道的博大胸襟。
(2):先天下之憂而憂,后天下之樂而樂。表現作者以天下為己任,憂國憂民、兼濟天下的情懷。
(3):微斯人,吾誰與歸? 一方面希望滕子京具有古仁人之心,志存高遠;另一方面,也含蓄地表達了作者愿與古仁人同道的博大胸襟和遠大抱負。
8.寫作特色 :記敘、描寫、抒情、議論為一體,寓情于景,情景交融。
9.主題:描繪了岳陽樓的景色以及遷客騷人登摟覽景所產生的不同情感,勉勵朋友不要因客觀環境和個人處境的好壞而動搖自己的意志,要以憂國憂民為自己的職責,做到”先天下之憂而憂,后天下之樂而樂“。
28.醉翁亭記
一、文學常識:
1.作者作品及時代背景:
歐陽修(1007-1072),字永叔,號醉翁,晚年號六一居士,吉州永豐(今江西吉安)人,北宋文學家,史學家。歐陽修早年曾協助范仲淹革新政治,觸動了保守派大官僚們的利益,遭到嫉恨,被貶滁州。第二年,寫了本文。
2.文章體裁:山水游記。
二、詞語
1.字讀音:滁 壑 瑯琊 潺 釀 泉
2詞類活用 名之者誰 有亭翼然臨于泉上者
山行六七里 故自號曰”醉翁“也
3.一詞多義:
謂:(1)太守自謂也(2)太守謂誰
霏:(1)日出而林霏開(2)若夫淫雨霏霏
4.古今異義: 至于負者歌于途。古義:背東西的人;今義:輸的一方。
5.文章層次:
第一段:寫醉翁亭的自然環境和命名緣由。
第二段:寫山間朝暮和四季的景色。
第三段:寫滁人,賓客,太守游山的情形。
第四段:寫宴罷歸去并點出作者姓名
6.文章情感:
表現了作者隨遇而安、與民同樂的曠達情懷。
7.寫景特點:
1.寫景順序:全景到局部(1段),時間順序(2段)
2.抓住景物特征(如野芳發而幽香抓住了春季景物典型特征,句句落實)
3.記述,寫景,抒情結合,襯托出文章的主旨。(主要體現在第四段,)
8.寫作特點:
1.虛詞恰當運用。”也“字的運用,層次清晰,脈絡分明。”而“字增強了回環詠嘆的意味。
2.駢散結合,富于韻律感,兩兩相對的語句語句給文章增添了華麗之美。
3.語句凝練,語意精警含蓄。
9.重難點句子解析
(1).醉翁之意不在酒,在乎山水之間也
醉翁的心意不在酒上,在于山光水色之中。這是全文的核心命意,為全文寫景抒情定下基調。醉樂間是表象和實質的關系。
(2).醉能同其樂,醒能述以文者,太守也。
醉了能和他們一起快樂,酒醒之后能寫文章表達這種快樂的,是太守。太守之樂是最高境界,既知禽鳥之樂,也知人之樂,既能同醉,也能”自醒“,還能體察萬物,反思人情。
29.滿井游記
1.字詞:①實詞:凍風,冷風。作,起。輒,總是,就。土膏,肥沃的土地 泉,用泉煮。罍,酒杯,名詞用為動詞,端起酒杯。蹇,本義跛足的,引申為驢子,用作動詞,騎驢 ②虛詞”之“的用法 一室之內:表限定關系譯成”以“
脫籠之鵠:表修飾關系”的“
2.文學常識:.①作者:袁宏道(1568~1610),字中郎,號石公,明朝文學家。與兄宗道、弟中道并稱”三袁“,為”公安派“的創始者。有《袁中郎集》
3.文章的思路: 欲游不能的苦惱--郊游的所見所感--出游緣由及作記時間
4.作者的情感: 表達了作者熱愛自然、寄情山水的思想感情。
5.寫景特色:
(1)比喻的妙用:
”晶晶然如鏡之新開而冷光之乍出于匣也,“以新開明鏡比喻新綠水波,寫出了水的明麗,貼切而有新意。
”如倩女之峟面而髻鬟之始掠也“以新妝倩女比喻被晴雪洗過的山巒,寫出了春山的鮮妍明媚,生動而又傳神。
(2)白描的筆法:”波色乍明,鱗浪層層,清澈見底。“沒有夸張、渲染形象卻鮮明生動。
(3)擬人的寫法:”呷浪之鱗,悠然自得“增加景物的動感靈氣。
6.重點語句的作用:
”郊田之外未始無春,而城居者未知也“是本文的畫龍點睛之筆。
”夫不能以游墮事,瀟然于山石草木之間者,惟此官也。“以議論做結再次表明作者寄情山水的興趣。
30.詩五首
1、《飲酒(其五)》和《行路難(其一)》;
(1)文學常識
陶淵明,名潛字元亮,東晉詩人。他的詩多描繪自然景色、農村生活的情景,有《陶淵明集》。《飲酒》詩共20首,這是第五首,是陶淵明棄官歸隱后的一首五言古詩,為酒后即興之作。
李白,字太白,號青蓮居士,浪漫主義詩人,《行路難》是樂府古題,共3首,抒發了詩人懷才不遇的悲憤和對理想的執著追求。(2)詩歌節奏
《飲酒(其五)》五言詩”二三“式
《行路難(其一)》七言詩”二二三“式
(3)詩歌結構
《飲酒(其五)》開頭四句寫身居人世,并非無俗事紛擾,心境超脫世俗,不為名利所惑,后六句表現詩人在欣賞美麗的自然景物中獲得無限意趣。
《行路難(其一)》前四句寫朋友出于對李白的深厚友情,設宴為之餞行,他內心苦悶抑郁、壯志難酬,接著兩句用”冰塞川“、”雪滿山“的比興來象征人生道路的艱難險阻,但是詩人不甘消沉,繼續追求。
”閑來垂釣碧溪上,忽復乘舟夢日邊“,在心境茫然之時詩人忽然想到兩位開始在政治上不順利而最后終于大有作為的人物:呂尚、伊尹,給詩人增加了信心。詩人心理上的失望與希望、抑郁與追求變化交替,表達了進退無路又要繼續探索追求的復雜心理。結尾兩句境界頓開,相信自己的理想抱負終有實現的一天。
(4)詩歌主旨
《飲酒(其五)》通過寫詩人隱居南山閑適、恬淡的生活,表現了詩人淡泊名利的生活情趣。
《行路難(其一)》借樂府古題抒發了自己懷才不遇的郁憤和相信理想、相信未來的勃發情志。
(5)重要語句內涵
”采菊東籬下,悠然見南山“語言簡潔,明白如話,但意境清新、純真,詩人歸隱田居后閑來在園子里種植菊花,精心侍弄,等待菊花盛開,詩人抬頭隨意一望,空曠幽靜的南山即在眼前。”菊花“是詩人高潔、不與世俗相爭的品質的象征。
”長風破浪會有時,直掛云帆濟滄海“,相信盡管前路障礙重重,但終將會有一天能夠乘長風破萬里浪,掛上云帆,橫渡滄海,到達理想的彼岸。表現了詩人的倔強、自信和他對理想的執著追求。
2.《茅屋為秋風所破歌》
(1)文學常識:歌行,古體詩的一種,”行“是樂曲的意思,音節、格律較自由,形式采用五言、七言、雜言的古體,《茅屋為秋風所破歌》《白雪歌送武判官歸京》屬于歌行體。
杜甫,字子美,自稱”少陵野老“"杜陵布衣”,人稱“杜工部”,著有“三吏(《潼關吏》《新安吏》《石壕吏》)”“三別《新婚別》《垂老別》《無家別》”,他的詩有“詩史”的美稱,本人被尊稱為“詩圣”,唐代現實主義詩人。
(2)詩歌結構
第一段:寫秋風破屋
第二段:對“群童抱茅”的慨嘆
第三段:長夜沾濕的苦痛
第四段:詩人推己及人,憂國憂民。
(3)思想情感
詩人通過描寫個人生活的不幸遭遇和思想上的苦痛,并推己及人,表現了詩人關心民生疾苦的寬廣胸襟和濟世情懷,抒發詩人對人民苦難的深切同情和對人類美好生活的向往之情。
(4)重要語句內涵
“安得廣廈千萬間,大庇天下寒士俱歡顏”
由于仕途不順,生計窘迫,晚年客居成都,靠朋友接濟為生,但憂國憂民之心不減,由自己得苦難想到天下寒士,在這受凍的長夜,只要能看到這樣的廣廈,凍死也心甘情愿,體現了詩人推己及人,關心民生疾苦的博愛情懷。
3.《白雪歌送武判官歸京》
(1)文學常識:岑參,唐代邊塞詩人,與高適齊名。
(2)詩歌結構
全詩兩個主要內容:詠雪、送別
開頭四句寫胡地奇麗的雪景,“散入珠簾濕羅幕…都護鐵衣冷難著”四句,由帳外轉入帳內,寫軍中將士的苦寒生活,側面寫大雪寒威,“瀚海闌干百丈冰…雪上空留馬行處”寫雪中送別歸客,別宴持續到垂暮,終需散席,送客從轅門外直到輪臺東門,總要分手。出得轅門,環顧四周,但見雪白世界中的一面鮮紅旗幟。
(3)名句鑒賞
“忽如一夜春風來,千樹萬樹梨花開”狀寫飛雪落綴在千樹萬樹上的奇景,用梨花比喻飛雪,以千萬株梨樹枝上的繁英比喻玉樹瓊枝上的雪花,奇異奪目,氣象萬千。
4.《己亥雜詩》
(1)文學常識
龔自珍,號定庵,清代進步思想家和詩人,著有《定庵全集》。
道光19年,作者辭官南歸,后又北上接家眷,往返途中寫成這組詩,共350首,雜述見聞、感想及往事回憶等。
(2)重要語句內涵:“落紅不是無情物,化作春泥更護花”落在地上的粉紅花瓣絕不是無情的廢物,它將化作春泥,以自己的養分孕育新的花朵、孕育新的春天。詩人借“落紅”的自白表達與黑暗勢力抗爭的不屈精神,以及對美好事物的追求和對春天的憧憬一二句寫詩人憤然辭官后揚鞭東去遠赴天涯,三四句寫詩人愿象護花的春泥一樣始終關注民眾,心系國家。(3)思想感情:該詩表達作者辭官南歸的痛苦心情,表現作者不畏挫折不甘心沉淪、立志始終都要為國效力的堅強性格、獻身精神。