第一篇：武漢大學大一下英語期末復習試題1

Driving through the deserted town we saw _____(很多)burn-out house.2 Take any job opportunity that ____(出現)。3 Let us not____(想得太多)your past mistake.4 They walked away ____(手拉手）Private employment agencies may not ____you interests ___(對——深切關心)，6 Parents cant not always have the school __their __for their children.7____(相反),the lives of girls of well-to-do family were often very sheltered.8 I will __a piece of cake__(留著)for you.9 He ____（常會）lose his temper in difficult.10 Some pants_____(易于)a particular disease.11 Try to see the problem __new__(從—的觀點)light 12The country is_____（受到—的控制）severe winter storms.13 He did not want to r____(競選)President in that year 14 You could become a good musician but you lack of practice is___you __(阻礙).15 The boss is ___ good ___（處于—的心情）today.16 It is difficult to ___(了解---的情況)all the new ideas and developments in the education.17 We urge women to ___(急切地尋求)that help.18 Her boss ___ all the ___(接受榮譽)instead

第二篇：中南大學期末英語對話口語考試,大一下

Situation one A:Candy, have you found the umbrella doesn't work in Changsha? B:What's your point? A;You know , it's impossible to use such an umbrella to keep away from the downpour(傾盆大雨)in Changsha.B:Yes ,I agree with you ,and it seems never let up(停止).When you reach school through the rain,you get wet.A:To be honest, I really can't stand the climate in Changsha, it is so humid and hot in summer and too cold in winter.when rainy days,the clothes is always sticky,so there is a terrible smell on them.B:It is ture,I often miss the lovely sunshine,because I can hardly see the sun here.It's always cloudy and never clear up.A:I dislike the humid and cold rainy days,it make me unhappy and I often caught a cold because of that.B:You're really unlucky!I think you should put on more close to keep warm in winter,though they make you feel a little uncomfortable.Well,let's keep our fingers crossed that tomorrow will be a sunny day！

Situation two A:Oh,Candy,have you ever finished your work? B:Yes, I just got them done ,so,I'm free now~!Whant can I do for you? A:Well,what about dining out?I know there is a restrant just opened yesterday.B:It is lunch time

B:That sounds great!Are you ready to order? A:I want to try the chef's special recommendations —— Sichuan style crispy whole fish ,home-sryle bean curd(家常豆腐)and egg drop soup(蛋花湯).As for dink, Bud Light(百威)is fine to me, what'll you have to drink ,Candy? B:I'd like a glass of Orange juice.And A:Okay,and It's my treat!B:I think we should sharing the expenses,We are friends,so we are equal,and I can pay for my part.A:Come on ,it's my Birthday,so let me pay for it.Situation three B: Candy,you looks pale,what happened? A:It's my sister, she finds a boyfriend recently.....I'm really worring about her.B:How old is your sister? A:She's 16.B:Well,I think she 's not a little girl any more,and she owns the ability to cope it.A:But I think she should spends her times on her study.The boy might take her attention away!B: So ,as her elder sister,you should give her some advice,and tell her what ture love is and how to love.And you know,in fact ,sometimes,loves make people active.A:Yes,it's time for me to have a talk with her.Thank you!B:No worries,things will be better~-----------------------------Doctor ：Hello,miss.Sit down,please.你好，小姐。請坐。Mary：Hi，I am feeling terrible.你好，我感覺糟糕透了。Doctor：Oh，what's wrong with you?哦，你怎么了？ Mary：I think I have a sore throat.我想我得了咽喉炎。DoctorWhat cause the illness?什么導致了這個病? Mary：I didn't close the window before went to bed last night.我昨晚睡覺前沒關窗 Doctor：Oh,I know.Open your mouth and say‘Ah’.哦，我知道了。張開你的嘴說‘啊’。Mary：Ah.啊。

Doctor：Please open your mouth wide so that I can look at your throat.請把你的嘴張大一些以便于我能看到你的喉嚨。Mary：Ah.Is it serious?啊。嚴重嗎？

Doctor：Hmm，I think it's nothing serious.Don't worry about it.嗯，我想沒什么嚴重的。不要擔心它。

Mary：But what should I do to get well?但是我需要怎樣做去康復? Doctor：I will give you some medicine.Here，take these pills。Three pills a time and three times a day.我將會給你一些藥。這里，吃這些藥片。一次三片，一日三次。Mary：What else should I do?我還需要做些別的什么嗎？

Doctor：You should have a good rest.And you must remember don't eat hot food and don't drink cold water.你要好好休息。你必須記住不要吃辣的食物和不要喝冷水。Mary：Ok,I will.好的，我會。

Doctor：I hope you will get well soon.我希望你快點好起來。Mary:Thank you.謝謝你。

Doctor：It's a pleasure.Bye.不用謝。再見。Mary：Bye-bye,doctor.再見，醫生。Doctor：Next.下一個。Situation Four A:hey, Kitty look at the two mp4 on the computer screen,which one do you think better? B:I prefer the green one.Are you shopping on line? A:Yes,I have do this several times,and I love it.It's so convinient!B:But I think it's not a good way.Imagine that you pay for the goods,but when they post it to you,you found it is far from what you expected.You know the picture doesn't always tell trueth.A:But you can go to the shop to pick up things,then keep their style and grand in mind.When you come back home,you can use the Internet researching them and buy them from Internet.Usually,their price on Internet is much less than in shops.B:That's okay, however,you have to wait for long time before you got the things,the feeling is so terrible...A:Well,if you try several times , you'll be used to it.Situation five

A:I like your hair syle very much!...How nice of you to say so.B:Oh,Candy, what are you saying? A:Ur,well,I'm just practising my spoken English on line.B:oh,what a special way!So you can communicate with many excellent English speaker from many other places,don't you? A:Yes!And you can choose to practice alone too.So you needn't worry the problem that your partner get bored!B:So,can you recommends some useful web to me? A:Of course!

Situation six A:What can I do for you? B:I need a dress for my friend's birthday party.A:Okay,so what color do you prefer?the lovely pink or the serious black? B:Neither,I love white.A: Yeah,white always suits beautiful ladys~ladys look elegant in white,and it's fashionable this season.How about the one overthere? B:That's good.Well,I need a middle size.A:Oh, I'm afraid that there is only a small size ,but if you like,we can order one for you.B:How long does it take? A:About one week.B:What a pity, the party is at tomorrow evening.Thank you ,but I think I should choose some other dress.Situation six B:Hi!Joe,what are you thinking? You look quite exciting.A:Listen,I got a strange dream last night ,there was a beautiful girl in it ,and she tells me some numbers.I keep it in my mind and brought a lottery with the numbers I heared today.I think I will win a lot of money!B:So, you are considering how to spend the money ? A:Right, I can buy many new dress with it and never worries about the rest life.Should I make a trip aroud the world? B:no,no,no.I think you should put it in the bank for a rainy day.A:But I want a new life different from now!B:Well, you can devided the money into two parts ,and put one part of it into banks,and you can.use the other part to change your life!A:That's a useful advice,thank you Joe~

第三篇：大一下學期英語期末復習例句

Unit 7

我們剛開始一個新的工作,肯定會有很多東西不熟悉.(be bound to)

Whenever we start a new job,there are bound to be a lot of things we may not be familiar with.這種新藥已經成功地用在動物身上,但這并不意味著它在人類身上也適用.(be applied to)This new medicine/drug has successfully been used on animals,but this doesn’t mean that it can be applied to humans.他這次演講比賽沒能得第一名主要是因為他缺乏信心.(lack of)

His failure to win the first prize in the speech competition is largely due to his lack of confidence.對于一般人來說,憂郁癥(depression)很容易跟壓力混淆,因為憂郁癥也可以是某些壓力的反應.(be confused with)

To the general public,depression can be easily confused with stress,as it may be a response to some types of stress.世界糧食的生產將越來越難跟上世界人口的日益增長.(keep pace with)

It is becoming increasingly difficult for world food production to keep pace with the continuing 且讓我再次感謝大家的參與,祝你們工作順利.(it remains to sb.to do sth.)

For now,it remains to me to thank you once more for joining us and wish you good luck in your work.我一開始就說過,他會給我們惹麻煩的.(right from the beginning)I said right from the beginning that he would cause us trouble.Unit 4

只有那些有過類似經歷的人,才能夠完全理解這一點.(live through)

Only those who have lived through s similar experience can fully appreciate this./The only people who can fully appreciate this are those who have lived through a similar experience.科學家們一直沒弄明白這些粒子是怎么形成、又是如何相互作用的.(figure out)

Scientists have been hard pressed to figure out how these particles form/are formed and interact(with one another).我要特別感謝每一個在這些年來以不同方式做出了貢獻的人.(in one way or another)

I’d like to express my special thanks to everyone who has contributed over the years in one way or another.團隊環境中員工個人的成功能帶來公司的成功.(result in)

growth of the world’s population.要成功地得到一份工作,需要很多因素一起發揮作用,這些因素包括你的技能、文憑和工作經驗.(come into play)

To successfully get a job,a lot of factors need to come into play,including your skills,diploma and work experience.Unit 8

法官要求記者不要公開受害人的姓名.(disclose)

The judge asked the reporters not to disclose the name of the victim.老師費盡苦心務使我們全都理解他說的話.(take pain to do sth.)The teacher took pains to make sure that we all understood what he said.最近學校在學業優秀的學生中進行了一項調查.(conduct,attain)

Recently the school conducted a survey among those students who have attained academic excellence.他說他要接受這份工作,我們要求他寫封信證實.(confirm)

He said he would accept the job,so we have asked him to confirm his acceptance by writing us a letter.喬治學習很努力,他要盡量利用學習的機會.(make the most of)

George studies very hard.He wants to make the most of his chance to learn.我們不能去。第一,天太冷.另外,我們正忙著.(to begin with)We can’t go.To begin with,it’s too cold.Besides,we’re busy.該是有人公開講清楚這些基本事實的時候了.(speak up)

It’s about time that someone spoke up for these basic truths/facts.不要說做這事沒用,長遠看會有好結果的.(pay off)

Don’t say it is profitless to do this.The effort will pay off in the long run.Unit 1

在生活中,我們最愚蠢的行為就是太執著于自己的東西,不愿意放棄.(cling to sth.,let go)In life,our stupidest course of action is to cling too much to what we have and refuse to let go.我愿意在IT行業工作,但我不知如何著手.(go about sth.)

I am willing to work in the IT industry,but have no idea how to go about it.許多人都已意識到與大自然和諧相處的重要性.(aware of,in harmony with)Many people are aware of the importance of living in harmony with nature.像“代溝”這樣的問題是不可以被掩蓋起來的.(sweep…under the carpet)Problems like the generation gap cannot be swept under the carpet.我始終不懂什么事在使他煩心.(eat away at)I never did understand what was eating away at her.他一生都與世無爭.(at peace with)

He has been at peace with the world all his life.他沒有說出自己的想法.一則她未必理解,二則他怕自己得不到她的寬恕.(for one thing…,for another…)

He did not speak out/say what he thought.For one thing,she might not understand.For another,he was afraid that she might not forgive him.隨著歲月流逝,他對中國文化越來越感興趣.(roll by)

As the years rolled by,he became increasingly interested in/fascinated by Chinese culture.Unit 2

這種情景總是令我感動,讓我深思.(set sb.doing sth.)

Such a sight always moves me and sets me thinking.This is a sight that never fails to move me and set me thinking.別怪她了,在類似情況下,你自己也會這么做的.(under…circumstances)

Stop scolding/blaming her-You’d have done the same thing under/in similar circumstances.我們應當為自己所擁有的一切而心存感激,而不是對任何事情都漫不經心.(be appreciative of/grateful for,take…for granted)

We should be appreciative of/grateful for what we have instead of taking everything for granted.他也許會答應改變,但無非又是說一套做一套罷了.(It’s the same old story of)

He may promise to change,but it’s the same old story of saying one thing and doing another.我苦苦思索該怎樣把這可怕的消息告訴他.(rack one’s brains about sth.,break the news to sb.)I racked my brains about how to break the terrible news to him.我將永遠無法報答父母為我所做的一切.(repay sb.for sth.)

It will be impossible for me to repay my parents for everything they have done for me.The individual success of the employees in a team environment results in success for the company.這場戰爭,雖說從軍事角度而言是成功的,卻令經濟幾乎崩潰.(in…terms)The war,although successful in military terms,left the economy almost in ruins.他決定把自己的精力用到有益的事上,而不是整天守在電視機前.(channel sth.into…)

He decided to channel his energies into something useful,instead of being glued to/sitting in front of the TV set all day long.力量和勇氣是有區別的.生存需要力量,生活需要勇氣.(it takes sth.to do sth.)

There’s a difference between strength and courage.It takes strength to survive.It takes courage to live.她天生就是個非常溫柔親切的人,總是樂于向別人伸出援手.(by nature)

She was by nature a very affectionate person,always ready to give a helping hand to others.Unit 5

他為我們公司當顧問,工作中遇到困難時我們經常向他請教.(consult)

He consults for our company and we often consult him when we encounter problems in our work.不要試圖去作弊---你決不會得逞的.(get away with sth.)Don’t try to cheat-you’ll never get away with it.不論可能面臨什么樣的困難,我父親總是很樂觀.他給我們樹立了一個正面的榜樣.(regardless of,role model)

My father is always optimistic,regardless of the difficulties that he may face.He is a positive role model for us.這本小說描寫了20世紀二三十年代中國一個大家族的興衰沉浮.(ups and downs)This novel describes the ups and downs of a big family during China’s 1920’s and 1930’s.做事只有好心是不夠的,還要有理智.(in good faith)

It is not enough to act in good faith.We also need to act reasonably.考試前開夜車(burn the midnight oil),你也許能考個好分數,但從長遠看,平時用功才能真正取得學業成功.(in the long run)

You may score good marks by burning the midnight oil before the exams,but in the long run you have to study hard every day to achieve academic excellence.不要長時間盯著電腦屏幕,每過一陣就要抬眼看看遠處.(once in a while)

Don’t stare at the computer screen for too long.Raise you eyes once in a while and look into the distance.從別人所犯的錯誤中吸取教訓是很有益處的.(to one’s advantage)It’s to your advantage to learn from the mistakes of others.Unit 6

只有通過反復實踐我們才能學習和進步.(by trial and error)

It is only by trial and error that we learn and progress/make progress.你應該知道心靈的教育是很重要的.它會使你與眾不同.(distinguish…from…)

You should know that the education of the heart is very important.It will distinguish you from others.一個追求完美的人對痛苦的容忍度往往很低.周圍的事物會讓他們看不順眼.(strive for,a low threshold of)

A person who strives for perfection tends to have a low threshold of pain.Things around bother them.他們認為正直是個原則問題,愿意為之犧牲一切.(a matter of,for sth.’s sake)

They regard honesty as a matter of principle and they are willing to sacrifice everything for its sake.人們根據你交往的朋友來判斷你.如果與壞人為伍,你就是自找麻煩.(invite)

People judge you by the company you keep.You’re inviting trouble if you get into bad company.直言不諱(speak one’s mind)、不顧其他人的感受不是一種美德.(without regard to)Speaking your mind without regard to other people’s feelings is not a virtue.她的敏感令她承受的痛苦比普通人所能想像的要多.(expose…to…)

Her sensitivity exposes her to more suffering and pain than ordinary people can imagine.我們必須使人們意識到保護環境的必要性.(awaken sb.to sth.)We must awaken people to the need to protect our environment.

第四篇：七年級下英語期末試題

七年級下英語期末試題

小宋自制

一.單項選擇。（25x1分=25分）

1.--Henry, whereyour pen pal come from?--He is an Englishman，but heBeijing now.C

A.does, livesB.do, live inC.does, lives inD.is, live

2.--there any giraffes in?--Yes, the weather is veryD.A.Are, Africa, hotB.Is, African, warmC.Is, Africa, coolD.Are, Africa, cold

3.Steve isAmerican writer, but he can speakChinese.C

A.a, manyB.an, muchC.an, a little ofD.the, a lot

4.Be, Jim.Your sister is.A.shy, readingB.busy, sleepingC.quiet, playingD.quiet, studying

5.--Hi, Julie.Let’s go out.--Sorry, therea lot of homework for me to do.A.play, areB.to play, isC.playing, isD.to play, are

6.I am happy that you are coming.Let meyou the waymy house.A.tell, ofB.say, toC.speak, ofD.show, to

7.I’m new here.Let’s.A.be friendsB.to be friendlyC.be friendD.to be a friend with you

8.--What is your uncle?--He is.--What’s he doing now?--He is working.He is always busynight.A.a waiter, inB.at work, duringC.watching TV, atD.a doctor, at

9.--There are so many desks here.Which is Julia’s?--Thebetween you and.A.ones,IB.one,meC.ones,meD.one,I

10.--Listen!There is a boyin the music room.--Do you know?

A.telling, himB.singing, heC.singing, himD.playing guitar, it

11.--does she like winter?--he likedays.A.What, so, snowB.Why, Because, snowyC.Why, Because, snowD.How, But, snowing

12.Walkthe Street, and you will find a supermarket in front of you.A.acrossB.outC.throughD.at

13.Whenyour fatherthere?

A.do, want goingB.does, wanting to goC.does, want to goD.is, wanting go

14.It’s 10:00 a.m.,he is still in bed.A.butB.andC.orD.so

15.--Whatthey?--A new book.It’s very interesting.A.are, talking aboutB.do, talk toC.do, talking withD.are, talking with

16.Weclean our classroom, because it’s too dirty.A.mayB.canC.mustD.have to

17.It’s May 1st.My familyvacation.A.are all haveB.all are onC.are all havingD.are all on

18.The newsterrible.We areat it.A.sound, surpriseB.sounds, surprisingC.sounds, surprisedD.is sounding, surprised

19.There are many people on the grass.Some areon it.are playing games.A.lying, OthersB.lieing, OtherC.lying, The otherD.lie, Others

20.--Where do we meet tomorrow?--You can waitthe bus station.A.inB.atC.forD.out

21.Thank youme sohelp.A.for giving, muchB.for give, manyC.to give, manyD.to give, much

22.--What’s the boy doing?--He’shis sweater.It’s cold outside.A.puttingB.putting onC.wearingD.in

23.--Do you likeweather?--No, because we can’t play soccerrainy days.A.rain, inB.rain, onC.rainy, inD.rainy, on

24.--Gina, why aren’t you watching TV now?--The TV show is, so I ama book.A.bored, watchingB.boring, readingC.bore, lookingD.boring, look

25.Tom’s father is a good.He canAustralian and Chinese food.A.cooker, cookB.cook, cooksC.cook, cookD.cooking, cooker

二.完形填空(10 x1分=10分)

Mr.Green is_1__Englishman.Last month he left England for Spain(西班牙)._2__the first morning after he came to Madrid(馬德里),he_3_out for a walk.In England people drove(駕駛)_4_the left, but in Spain theydrove on the _5_.Mr.Green__6_know this, and when he was crossing(穿過)a _7_ street, a car knocked(撞)him down.Mr.Green stood up.He __8_around and said, “Where am I?”.An old woman was selling maps__9_him, and she quickly(迅速的)come to Mr.Green and said, “Map of the __10__?

(B)1.A.a.anC.the(B.)2.A.onInC.At

(C.)3.A.goesB.getswent(C.)4.A.onB.atin

(C.)5.A.leftB.middleright(A.)6.didn’tB.C.doesn’t

(C.)7.A.noisyB.quietbusy(C)8.A.sawB.looked.found

(B.)9.A.neartoC.for(B.)10.A.towncityC.mountain

三.閱讀理解。（15x2分=30）

Passage A

閱讀這封電子郵件，判斷所給句子是否與文章符合。符合的用T表示，不符合的用F表示.From: Lisa @yahoo.comTo: Jenny@sohu.com.cnSubject: Come to my party!

Hi, Jenny.I will(將要)have a party this Friday at my home.Some friends will come.They are from my class.My cousin Peter is coming, too.He is nice.So I want you to meet him.Do you want to come? We will play games and have a talk.Then we will eat dinner.Everybody will bring food or drinks(飲料)for the party.The party will start at 4:00 p.m.We will have it for four hours.Can you come? Call me soon!

()1.The E-mail is from Jenny to Lisa()2.Lisa will have a party on Friday morning.()3.Lisa and her friends study in the same(相同)class.()4.Jenny doesn’t need to bring any of food and drinks for the party.()5.The party finishes(完成)at 8:00 p.m.Passage B

閱讀短文及廣告，從A，B，C，D中選擇正確的答案。

My brother and I like sports very much.We like running, playing basketball, swimming and so on(等等)Of all the sports we like swimming best(最)Swimming is really interesting.If you swim in the pool, you look like a lovely(可愛的)fish.Very cool!You will be happy if you can swim.If you often swim, you will be healthy.Swimming can bring you a lot of fun.Come and enjoy swimming with us in the following two clubs.StarClub

SwimmingMon---Sun.8:00 p.m.---9:00 p.m.Basketball Mon---Sun.8:00 a.m.---5:00 p.m.Volleyball Sat.---Sun.10:00 a.m.---6:00 p.m.Tel: 4562435E-Mail: star@sina.com

HealthClub

SwimmingMon---Fri.3:00 p.m.---8:00 p.m.BasketballFri---Sun.8:30 a.m.---6:00 p.m.Tel: 7899654

()66.The writer and his brother likebest of all.A.sportsB.basketballC.footballD.swimming

()67.The writer thinks it’sto swim often.A.very boringB.like a cool fishC.excitedD.good for health

()68.The writer wants to swim on Sunday.Where can he go?

A.Star Club.B.Health Club.C.A and BD.He can’t swim on Sunday.()69.If you want to join swimming in the afternoon, where can you find them?

A.Star Club.B.Health Club.C.A and BD.You can’t find them.()70.Which club can you send(發送)e-mails to?

A.Star Club.B.Health Club.C.A and BD.No club has.Passage C

閱讀短文，從A，B，C，D中選擇正確的答案。

What will the weather be like? Some people say they can know what the weather will be like from birds.When they see birds fly（飛）high(高)out to the sea(海), they know it is a nice day, because birds don’t like to fly out when it will rain.When the weather will be bad, the birds come back to the beach.A big wind may come with a rain.Birds do not like to fly in a big wind.They may sit in a tree when rain is coming.Other animals can also tell the weather.It’s a cloudy day.The rain is coming.Chickens(小雞)aren’t quiet, and they are running here and there.Frogs(青蛙)are making（發出）big noise(聲音)in the pool.If it is a nice day, the frogs will come out of the water(水).71.What’s the best(最好的)title（題目）for the passage（短文）? A.WeatherB.BirdsC.SeaD.Rain

72.How many kinds of animals can we find in the passage?A.OneB.TwoC.ThreeD.Four

73.We can play beach soccer when birds.A.fly in the sky(天空)B.come backC.play on the beachD.B and C

74.When there is rain, frogs are not.A.in the poolB.out of the waterC.making a big noiseD.swimming in the water

75.What does the underlined(劃線的)word “tell” meanin the article(文章)?

A.告訴B.判斷C.說D.談話

四.詞匯運用。根據句意，用所給詞的正確形式填空。（5x1分=5分）

76.The sun is shining today.It’s(sun).77.Two(music)are singing at the party.78.It often(rain)hard in Chongqing in summer.79.Look!Your mother ______ ___________(take)photos on the Great Wall.80.He works at the TV station.He is a(report).五.根據要求進行句型轉換，每空一詞。（10x1分=10分）

1.Kate wants to clean the room every day.(變為一般疑問句)Kateto clean the room every day?

2.Linda plays the guitar on Sunday.(用now替換劃線部分)Lindathe guitar now.3.There are many interesting books in that bookstore.(變為單數句子)

Thereinteresting book in that bookstore.4.John is having a walk along the street.(變為否定句)Johna walk on the street.5.It’s windy and cloudy today.(對劃線部分提問)the weather today?

6.My grandfather is reading in the garden.(對劃線部分提問)is your grandfather?

7.What does he do?(變為同義句)his?

8.He is wearing a black T-shirt.(變為否定句)Hea black T-shirt.9.All the people are having a great time.(變為同義句)is having.10.It’s snowing.(變為同義句)It’s a.六.短文填空。根據文章內容和首字母填入所缺單詞。一空一詞（10x1分=10分）

Paul and Judy are studying in Scotland(蘇格蘭).There are m1mountains(山)in the country(鄉村).On Tuesday, they want to climb(爬)a beautiful mountain.The weather man says it is f2today.They put on w 3clothes because it is cold in the mountain.After two hours, they reach(到達)the top(山頂).The mountain l4very beautiful.But they don’t see there are some dark(深色的)c5in the sky(天空).Soon a heavy rain c6with a big wind.So they put on t7raincoats.They sit u8the tree and wait f9the rain to stop.After they come back, they s 10to their friends: “It’s an exciting trip but kind of dangerous.”

1._______2._______3._______4.______5._______

6._______7._______8._______9._______10._____

七.作文(10分)

假如你家附近有一個動物園,有熊貓,老虎,考拉,大象,獅子,海豚等等,請根據提示詞寫一篇30-50字的作文。要求：內容完整，語句通順，連貫，書寫工整.提示詞:zoo ,animals , kind of , like , because , interesting.

第五篇：武漢大學商業銀行經營管理期末復習總結

商業銀行概述

1、什么是商業銀行？其主要職能是什么？ 創新中的商業銀行：商業銀行是以獲取利潤為目標，以經營金融資產和負債為手段的綜合性、多功能的金融企業。主要職能：（1）信用中介；（2）支付中介；（3）金融服務；（4）信用創造；（5）調節經濟。2、20世紀90年代以來商業銀行發展特點是什么？（1）銀行經營智能化；（2）經營方式網絡化；（3）機構網點虛擬化；（4）業務綜合化、全能化；（5）銀行資產證券化。

3、銀行在處理信息不對稱問題的競爭優勢是什么？（1）信息揭示優勢；（2）信用風險的控制和管理優勢。

4、如何認識商業銀行經營目標間的關系？

三性之間對立統一，既有矛盾性，也有統一性。矛盾性：（1）資金利用率；（2）財務杠桿比率；（3）證券及貸款期限；（4）存款結構。統一性：（2）盈利性與安全性；（2）盈利性與流動性。

銀行資本管理

1、四種不同的銀行資本的意義是什么？

（1）會計資本：一是資本的可獲得程度以及投資方式，二是如何降低資本金的成本；（2）監管資本：保護存款人的利益，監管資本是銀行穩健性的指示器；（3）風險資本：在沒有任何監管要求的情況下，實際需要的資本是多少；（4）經濟資本：股東的投資總額，銀行產生財務困難時可用來吸收損失的最低資本數量，當銀行的經濟資本總量接近或超過其監管資本時，說明銀行的風險水平正在超出其實際承受能力。

2、戴維·貝勒的銀行資產持續增長模型的主要思想是什么？ 由內源資本所支持的銀行資產的年增長率稱為持續增長率，由于資本的限制，決定了銀行資產的增長率等于銀行資本的增長率，公式表明銀行資產持續增長率與三大變量：資產收益率（ROA）、留成盈余比（1－DR）、資本充足率（EC/TA）之間的數量關系。

3、內源資本支持銀行資產增長的主要限制因素有哪些？ 資本充足率；總資產收益率；留存盈余比率。

4、比較分析不同外源資本來源的利弊。普通股：（1）在銀行凈收入增加時，面臨股東要求增加紅利分配的壓力；（2）新股票發行的交易費用一般要高于其他的外源資本形式；（3）當銀行發行較多的新股票時，現有的大宗持有人將面臨失去控股能力的威脅。后期償付債券（債務資本）：優點：（1）此類債券享有免稅優待，可降低籌資成本；（2）后期償付債券不影響股東對銀行的控股權，因而在發行過程中不會受到股東的反對；（3）發行此類債券有可能提高股票收益率。缺點：（1）法定的償還本金和利息的壓力；（2）在利率變動的情況下，后期償付債券可能會加大銀行的負擔。優先股票：（1）當銀行普通股票的市場價格低于其票面價格時，發行普通股票會進一步降低股價與收益率，而發行優先股票則可以減緩股價與收益率的下降；（2）優先股票不同于長期債券，不存在償債基金負擔；（3）優先股票的紅利分配在總量上小于普通股票，其發行成本相對低于普通股票。金融租賃合同：（1）銀行只需提供設備價款20%~40%的資金，就可以獲得設備的所有權，享受全部的所有權利益；（2）租賃利率比后期償付債券利率低1%~2%。這種租賃合同實質上相當于銀行的借貸資本。

銀行的負債業務

1、銀行負債業務在其經營中的主要作用是什么？（1）負債是銀行經營的先決條件；（2）負債是保持銀行流動性的手段；

（3）銀行負債是社會經濟發展的強大推動力；（4）銀行負債構成流通中的貨幣量；

（5）負債是銀行同社會各界聯系的主要渠道。

2、影響存款定價的主要因素是什么？（1）當地市場的競爭狀況；（2）保持本行應有的利差。

3、銀行短期借款的主要途徑和管理重點是什么？ 主要途徑：

（1）向中央銀行借款；（2）同業借款；

（3）轉貼現和轉抵押；（4）向國際金融市場借款。管理重點：

（1）主動把握借款期限和金額，有計劃地把借款到期時間和金額分散化，以減少流動性需要過于集中的壓力；

（2）把借款到期時間和金額與存款的增長規律相協調，爭取利用存款的增長來解決一部分借款的流動性需要；

（3）通過多頭拆借的辦法將借款對象和金額分散化，力求形成一部分可以長期占用的借款金額；

（4）正確統計借款到期的時機和金額，以便做到事先籌措資金，滿足短期借款的流動性需要。

4、試分析銀行發行金融債券籌措資金的利弊。優點：

（1）籌資范圍廣，可跨地區進行，不受銀行原有存貸關系的約束；

（2）可通過各地證券機構代理發行，不受銀行自身網點和人員數量約束；

（3）債券的高利率和流動性的結合，對客戶有較大的吸引力，有利于提高籌資速度和數量；

（4）發行債券是銀行的主動負債，銀行可根據資金運用的項目需要，在債券發行的期限、規模、時機等方面盡量使資金來源與資金運用相匹配；

（5）債券籌資不向中央銀行繳納準備金，有利于提高資金的利用率。缺點：

（1）籌資成本較高；

（2）債券發行數量、利率、期限均受管制；（3）債券的流通性受市場發達程度的限制。

5、不同種類金融債券的特點是什么？（1）一般性金融債券（四種劃分）；（2）國際金融債券。

銀行現金資產管理

1、商業銀行現金資產的構成及其作用。（1）庫存現金；（2）準備金；（3）同業存款；（4）在途資金。

2、如何預測商業銀行的資金頭寸? 對存取款的預測。

3、影響商業銀行庫存現金需要量的因素有哪些？如何測算庫存現金需要量？ 影響因素：（1）現金收支規律；（2）營業網點的多少；（3）后勤保障的條件；（4）與中央銀行發行庫的距離、交通條件及發行庫的規定；（5）商業銀行內部管理。

測算：（1）庫存現金周轉時間；（2）庫存現金支出水平。

4、影響商業銀行超額準備金需要量的因素有哪些？銀行如何調節超額準備金數量？ 影響因素：（1）存款波動；（2）貸款的發放與收回；（3）其他因素。調節方式：（1）同業拆借；（2）短期證券回購及商業票據交易；（3）通過央行融資；（4）商業銀行系統內的調度；（5）出售其他資產。

銀行信貸資產業務

1、抵押貸款的種類及其抵押貸款管理的主要內容是什么？ 種類：（1）存貨抵押貸款；（2）客賬貸款；（3）證券抵押貸款；（4）不動產抵押貸款；（5）壽險保單抵押貸款。管理主要內容：（1）抵押物的選擇與估價；（2）抵押物品的估價方法；（3）抵押物的產權設定與登記；（4）抵押物的占管、處分。

2、簡述財務比率分析及其主要內容。

財務比率分析是指在同一張財務報表的不同項目之間，或者兩張不同財務報表（如資產負債表和損益表）的有關項目之間，組成某種比率，以評價企業某一方面的情況。主要內容：

（1）流動性比率；（2）盈利能力比率；

（3）結構比率，財務杠桿比率；

（4）經營能力比率：資產管理比率,資產周轉率。

3、什么是交叉利率定價法？

這種定價方法給貸款人自主選擇有利的利率和期限的權利，實際上是一種可變利率和可不斷轉期的貸款方式。

4、房地產抵押貸款信用分析的主要內容是什么（1）風險評估的主要指標；（2）外部經濟環境的影響；（3）可調整利率和信用風險；（4）貸款保險。

5、簡述消費信貸的種類及其管理重點。種類：（1）分期償付貸款；（2）信用卡貸款。管理重點：信用分析的內容：（1）消費者的收入狀況及收入與支出的關系；（2）職業分析；（3）資產；（4）債務。信用分析的方法：信用評分。

6、銀行辦理票據貼現的業務流程和操作要點是什么？ 商業承兌匯票和銀行承兌匯票，簽發，承兌，付款。

銀行證券投資業務

1.證券投資在商業銀行的投資組合中的主要功能是什么？ 1)分散風險，獲取收益； 2)保持流動性； 3)合理避稅。

2.市場利率與證券收益率和證券價格的關系？ 市場利率越高，證券收益率越高，證券價格越低。

3.商業銀行各種證券投資策略的內容和優缺點是什么？

1)流動性準備策略?；緝热荩鹤C券投資應重點滿足銀行流動性需要，在資金運用安排上以流動性需要作為優先順序的考慮。優點是實現流動性和盈利性的統一，缺點是被動，保守，消極準備；

2)梯形策略?；緝热荩菏紫却_定證券投資的最長期限N，然后把資金量均勻地投資在不同期限的同質證券上，即1/N。每年到期的證券收入現金流再投資于N年期的證券上，連續地向前滾動。優點：操作簡單，可規避利率風險，可獲得中等以上的平均收入；缺點：機會成本高，流動性的滿足有限。

3)杠桿策略。基本內容：把投資資金分成兩部分。一部分資金投資在流動性好的短期證券上，作為二級流動性準備；另一部分資金投資于高收益的長期證券。優點：有利于實現流動性，靈活性和收益性的高效組合，可有效避免利率風險，由利率波動帶來的投資損益自相抵消；缺點：對銀行的證券轉換能力，交易能力和投資經驗要求較高。4.證券組合應遵循的主要原則是什么？ 1)銀行流動性組合要與流動性需求相匹配； 2)滿足銀行抵押擔保資產的要求； 3)投資組合的風險分析； 4)納稅考慮； 5)投資風險分散； 6)利率彈性分析。

5.銀行證券投資面臨的主要風險是什么？如何規避這些風險？ 1)信用風險。依據社會上權威信用評級機構對債券所進行的評級分類為標準，對證券進行選擇和投資組合。2)通貨膨脹風險。

3)利率風險。對利率進行合理預期并據此調整投資組合，當預測能力有限時，可以合理調整投資組合的利率彈性，并使投資組合處于免疫狀態； 4)流動性風險。

6.“持續期”與“證券組合的免疫性”這兩個概念的含義是什么？

持續期也成久期，是指投資者真正收到該投資所產生的所有現金流量的加權平均時間。政券組合的免疫性是指指當銀行無法正確預測和把握市場利率的未來變動時，則選擇被動性的證券組合管理，使投資組合處于不受利率變化影響的“免疫”狀態。

表外業務

1.什么是表外業務？它有什么特點？商業銀行為什么要開展表外業務？ 表外業務指商業銀行從事的，按通行會計準則不列入資產負債表內，不影響其資產負債總額，但能影響銀行當期損益，改變銀行資產報酬率的經營活動。開展表外業務的原因：

1)規避資本管理，增加盈利業務； 2)適應金融環境的變化； 3)轉移和分散風險；

4)適應客戶對銀行服務多樣化的需要； 5)銀行擁有發展表外業務的有利條件； 6)科技進步推動了表外業務的開展。2.什么是票據發行便利？

票據發行便利是一種具有法律約束力的中期周轉性票據發行融資的承諾。3.什么是遠期利率協議？其主要作用是什么？ 利率遠期協議是一種遠期合約，買賣雙方商定將來一定時間段的協議利率，并指定一種參照利率，在將來清算日按規定的期限和本金數額，由一方向另一方支付協議利率和屆時參照利率之間差額利息的貼現金額。主要作用：

1)鎖定未來籌資成本； 2)鎖定再投資收益；

3)創造浮動利率敞口（將固定利率轉換為浮動利率）； 4)對浮動利率高風險段進行保值； 5)套利和投機。

4.表外業務有哪些主要的風險？如何加強對表外業務風險的監督與管理？（1）信用風險；（2）市場風險；（3）國家風險；（4）流動性風險；（5）籌資風險；（6）結算風險；（7）運作風險；（8）定價風險；（9）經營風險；（10）信息風險。方法：

（一）商業銀行對表外業務的管理；

（二）對表外業務活動的監督；

（三）調整會計揭示方法。

資產負債管理

1.商業銀行管理理論中，資產管理思想和負債管理思想各自強調的管理中心和所處環境差異是什么？

資產管理思想：管理中心：資產流動性。所處環境：銀行業發展不成熟，金融市場不發達。負債管理思想：管理中心：銀行流動性管理不僅可以通過強化和調整資產獲得，而且可以通過靈活調劑負債來達到目的，即以舉債的方式保持資產流動性。所處環境：嚴格的利率管制，資金的大量脫媒，負債工具的不斷創新。

2.當預測利率處于不同的周期階段時，銀行應如何配置利率敏感資金？為什么？ 當預測利率上升時，具有正利率敏感缺口的銀行應加大缺口，具有負利率敏感缺口的銀行應減小缺口；

在重構資產負債時，若預測利率下降，在發放貸款時盡量采用固定利率制，在負債方面，應努力提高利率敏感資金來源。

3.持續期的經濟含義和特征是什么？

持續期是指固定收入金融工具現金流的加權平均時間，即金融工具各期現金流抵補最初投入的平均時間。它是負債到期期限的增函數，是現金流量的減函數，持續期越長，對利率越敏感，利率風險越大。

4.當利率處于不同周期階段時，資產負債持續期正缺口和負缺口對銀行凈值有什么影響？ 正缺口時，銀行資產凈值與利率反方向變化； 負缺口時，銀行資產凈值與利率同方向變化。5.什么是流動性缺口與流動性風險？

流動性缺口指現在和未來時點資產與負債的差額。流動性風險指不能保持必要的資金來源或者不能鎖定外部資金與資產規模保持平衡的風險。6.什么是利率敏感資產與利率敏感負債？

利率敏感資產和利率敏感負債指那些在一定時期（考察期）內到期或需要重新確定利率的資產和負債。

風險管理

1、簡述度量信用風險的主要方法及其利弊？（1）傳統信用風險度量

1）專家法。主觀色彩比較濃厚； 2）信用評分法（Z評分法）。優點：提供了信用風險量化分析的方法，使信用風險分析相對客觀。缺點：線性分析方法難以充分描述各因素與違約間的非線性關系；

3）信用評級法。優點：綜合各方面因素，對客戶風險評價較全面。缺點：屬于靜態分析；用離散的信用等級變化描述信用質量，對信用風險的量化不夠精確。

（2）現代信用風險度量

1）KMV模型（期權定價理論）。優點：是一個動態模型，基于對借款人股票價格變化的分析估算EDF，從而對違約概率的預測具有前瞻性。缺點：只注重對違約的預測、忽視了企業信用品質的變化、未考慮信息不對稱下的道德風險；

2）JP摩根信用風險度量模型。優點：該模型是盯住貸款市值變動的多狀態模型，能更精確地計量信用風險變化和損失值。缺點：該模型利用歷史數據計量信用風險，仍屬于“向后看”的風險度量方法。

2、常用的衡量流動性風險的主要指標是什么？（1）流動性指數；（2）存款集中度；（3）流動性比率。

3、試述銀行利率風險的主要分類。（1）重新定價風險；（2）收益曲線風險；（3）基差風險。

4、什么是操作風險？操作風險主要表現在哪些方面？

操作風險就是指由于內部程序、人員、系統設計不完善或者運行失當以及因為外部事件的沖擊等導致直接或者間接損失可能性的風險。操作風險就是除信用風險和市場風險之外的一切風險。

主要表現在：

（1）人員風險因素。員工欺詐等犯罪、員工越權或隱瞞、員工操作失誤、違反勞動合同、人員配置失誤；

（2）流程風險因素。支付清算風險、文件或合同標準文本風險、產品風險、執行風險、業務流程不當風險；

（3）IT系統及技術風險?？萍纪顿Y風險、系統開發與執行、系統功能問題或失效、系統安全、法律或公共責任、風險管理模型風險；

（4）外部事件風險。法律與合規風險、犯罪、外部采購或供應商風險、政策，政治，政府風險、其他風險。