第一篇：英語詩歌的欣賞方法

英語詩歌的欣賞方法

英詩浩瀚，篇幅長短不一，長至成集，短至僅句。為使英語學(xué)習(xí)者了解英詩，特?cái)M此文，從實(shí)用角度闡述英詩的欣賞：詩的格律、詩的押韻、詩的體式、詩的評(píng)判。

詩以高度凝結(jié)的語言表達(dá)著人們的喜怒哀樂，用其特有的節(jié)奏與方式影響著人們的精神世界。詩講究聯(lián)想，運(yùn)用象征、比喻、擬人等各種修辭手法，形成了獨(dú)特的語言藝術(shù)。（有關(guān)修辭手法可參考相關(guān)書籍）。

一、詩的格律

“格律是指可以用腳打拍子的節(jié)奏”，是每個(gè)音步輕重音節(jié)排列的格式，也是朗讀時(shí)輕重音的依據(jù)。而音步是由重讀音節(jié)和非重讀音節(jié)構(gòu)成的詩的分析單位。重讀音節(jié)為揚(yáng)（重），在音節(jié)上用“－”或“ˊ”標(biāo)示，非重讀音節(jié)為抑（輕），在音節(jié)上用“︶”標(biāo)示，音步之間可用“／”隔開。以下是五種常見格式：

1．抑揚(yáng)格（輕重格）Iambus：是最常見的一種格式，每個(gè)音步由一個(gè)非重讀音節(jié)加一個(gè)重讀音節(jié)構(gòu)成。

As fair / art thou / my bon/nie lass, So deep / in luve / am I : And I / will luve / thee still,/ my dear, Till a` / the seas / gang dry: Robert Burns(1759-1796): My Luve Is like a Red, Red Rose 注；art=are；luve=love???bonnie=beautiful???a`=all???gang=go 上例中為四音步與三音步交叉，可標(biāo)示為：︶－／︶－／︶－／（︶－）

2．揚(yáng)抑格（重輕格）Trochee：每個(gè)音步由一個(gè)重讀音節(jié)加一個(gè)非重讀音節(jié)構(gòu)成。下例中為四音步揚(yáng)抑格（少一個(gè)輕音節(jié)），可標(biāo)示為：－︶／－︶／－︶／－ Tyger!/ Tyger!/ burning / bright In the / forests / of the / night William Blake: The Tyger ? 3．抑抑揚(yáng)格（輕輕重格）Anapaestic?foot:?每個(gè)音步由兩個(gè)非重讀音節(jié)加一個(gè)重讀音節(jié)構(gòu)成。如：三音步抑抑揚(yáng)格︶︶－／︶︶－／︶︶－ Like a child / from the womb, Like a ghost / from the tomb, I arise / and unbuild / it again.4．揚(yáng)抑抑格（重輕輕格）Dactylic?foot:?每個(gè)音步由一個(gè)重讀音節(jié)加兩個(gè)非重讀音節(jié)構(gòu)成。如：兩音步揚(yáng)抑抑格－︶︶／－︶︶ ˊTouch?her?not?/?ˊscornfully, ˊThink?of?her?/?ˊmournfully.--Thomas Hood

5．抑揚(yáng)抑格（輕重輕格）Amphibrach：每個(gè)音步由一個(gè)非重讀音節(jié)加一個(gè)重讀音節(jié)再加一個(gè)非重讀音節(jié)構(gòu)成。如：三音步抑揚(yáng)抑格︶－︶／︶－︶／︶－︶ 下例中最后一個(gè)音步為抑揚(yáng)格。

Oˊhush?thee?/?my?ˊbabie?/?thy?ˊsire?was?/?a?knight.在同一首詩中常會(huì)出現(xiàn)不同的格律，格律解析對朗讀詩歌有一定參考價(jià)值。現(xiàn)代詩中常不遵守規(guī)范的格律。

二、詩的押韻

押韻是指通過重復(fù)元音或輔音以達(dá)到一定音韻效果的詩歌寫作手法。

1．尾韻：最常見，最重要的押韻方式。

1.聯(lián)韻：aabb型。

I shot an arrow into the air, It fell to earth, I knew not where;For, so swiftly it flew, the sight Could not follow it in its flight.Henry Wadsworth Longfellow: The Arrow and the Song 2）交叉韻：abab型。Sunset and evening star, And one clear call for me!And may there be no moaning of the bar, When I put out to sea, Alfred Tennyson(1809-1892): Crossing the Bar

3）同韻：有的詩押韻，一韻到底，大多是在同一節(jié)詩中共用一個(gè)韻腳。如下例就共用／i:p／為韻腳。The woods are lovely, dark and deep, But I have promises to keep, And miles to go before I sleep, And miles to go before I sleep.Robert Frost(1874-1963): Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening

2．?頭韻：是指一行（節(jié)）詩中幾個(gè)詞開頭的輔音相同，形成押韻。下例中運(yùn)用／f／、／b／與／s／頭韻生動(dòng)寫出了船在海上輕快航行的景象。The fair breeze blew, the white foam flew, The furrow followed free, We were the first that ever burst Into that silent sea.T.S.Coleridge: Rime of the Acient Mariner

3．內(nèi)韻（同元音）：指詞與詞之間原因的重復(fù)形成的內(nèi)部押韻。下面一節(jié)詩中／i／及／iη／重復(fù)照應(yīng)，呈現(xiàn)出一派歡樂祥和的氣氛。Spring, the sweet spring, is the year’s pleasant king;Then blooms each thing, then maids dance in a ring, Cold dath not sting, the pretty birds do sing: Cuckoo,jug-jug,pu-we,to-witta-woo!Thomas Nashe(1567-1601): Spring, the Sweet Spring

三、詩的體式

有的詩分成幾節(jié)（stanza），每節(jié)由若干詩行組成（每行詩均以大寫字母開頭）；有的詩則不分節(jié)。目前我們常見的詩體有：

1．十四行詩(Sonnet)，源于中世紀(jì)民間抒情短詩，十三、十四世紀(jì)流行于意大利，意大利彼特拉克（Petrarch）為代表人物，每行十一個(gè)音節(jié)，全詩一節(jié)八行，加一節(jié)六行，韻腳用abba,abba,cdcdcd(cdecde)。前八行提問，后六行回答。

后來，懷亞特（Thomas?Wyatt,1503-1542）將十四行詩引人英國，五音步抑揚(yáng) 格，全詩三個(gè)四行一個(gè)二行,前三節(jié)提問，后二句結(jié)論。斯賓塞（Edmund Spenser,1552-1599）用韻腳?abab,?bcbc,cdcd,ee。莎士比亞（William Shakespeare,1564-1616）用韻腳abab,cdcd,dfdf,gg，稱英國式或莎士比亞式。舉 例見本文第四部分。

2．打油詩（Limericks）：通常是小笑話甚至是胡謅，一般沒有標(biāo)題也無作者姓名，含有幽默諷刺性，常運(yùn)用雙關(guān)，內(nèi)韻等手法。每首詩五個(gè)詩行，押韻為aabba，格律以抑揚(yáng)格和抑抑揚(yáng)格為主。

1)There was a young lady of Nigger Who smiled as she rode on a tiger;They returned from the ride With the lady inside, And the smile on the face of the tiger.2)A tutor who taught on the flute Tried to teach two tooters to toot, “Is it harder to toot, or Said the two to the tutor, To tutor two tooters to toot。”

3．無韻體（Blank?Verse）：五音步抑揚(yáng)格，不押韻詩體。Across the watery bale , and shout again, Responsive to his call,--with quivering peals, And long halloos, and screams, and echoes loud.Redoubled and redoubled:concourse wild Of jocund din!…

William Wordsworth: There Was a Boy

4．自由詩（Free?Verse）:現(xiàn)代詩中常見的體式，長短不同的詩行存在于同一首詩中，不講究押韻與格律，只注重詩歌所表達(dá)的意象和傳遞的情感。美國詩人Walt?Whitman的《草葉集》（Leaves?of?Grass）中，就采用此格式。例子見第四部分。

四、詩的評(píng)判

對一首詩，個(gè)人的感受會(huì)有不同。節(jié)奏流暢，語言精煉，聯(lián)想新穎的詩可算是好詩。堆砌詞藻，一味抒發(fā)感情而無實(shí)際內(nèi)容的詩，只能是下乘的詩。

二十世紀(jì)英美詩歌大量采用自由詩體，接近口語，可謂大膽創(chuàng)新，大概也是詩歌發(fā)展的大勢所趨吧。

第二篇：六一兒童節(jié)英語作文：六一兒童節(jié)英語詩歌欣賞

六一兒童節(jié)英語作文：六一兒童節(jié)英語詩歌欣賞（1）

kids(who bring you a complete life)

When you have a kid

who you care so much

that anything he wants

comes before your own desires

When you have a kid

who is so much in need for your affection and understanding thatno matter what is bothering him

you‘re willing to do anything to make him smile

When you have a kid

who is so dependent on you that

no matter what obstacles you face

you have to be forever confident in front of him

giving him the sense of security

When you have a kid

whatever your goals are for your life

you’re so willing to put him ahead before all your goalssometimes even give up your dreams for his needs

but you‘d consider yourself lucky indeed

being in love with someone in this wide world so deep

you try to make everything easy for him to grow up into a loving，strong adultThank god for giving me this chance

let me experience what love，giving，and voluntary sacrifice are all about

After all of the things I’ve done for him

who changed my whole world dramaticly

I come to understand what a complete life is like.magical kids.

第三篇：六一兒童節(jié)英語作文：六一兒童節(jié)英語詩歌欣賞

六一兒童節(jié)英語作文：六一兒童節(jié)英語詩歌欣賞（3）

In the park profusion of color flower opened in the really

beautiful each gentle dimple all to have the child shadow that small wing heart to wish one could to fly the outer space steadily to go because the evening sky star blinked attractive wants to pick Man Man a basket of flowers to give teacher and the child Makes noise in the numerous flower who in the day in June does say goodbye to the spring breeze a season glittering and translucent carving chaste

incomparable heart cautiously to split open the viridis the curtain curtain to open in the stage cosmetics thick make-up small angel chirp chirp open-mouthed thin to sue Man Shudu is slowly the bright story sky deep blue like water is covers own excited eye with the moist red handkerchief

翻譯：

公園里萬紫千紅

花兒朵朵

開得真美

每一朵溫柔的笑靨里

都有孩子們的影子

那小小的 長了翅膀的心

恨不得 飛到太空去

因?yàn)?/p>

晚上天空的星星

眨眼誘人

想摘滿滿的一花籃

送給老師和小朋友

在繁花喧囂的日子里

六月告別春風(fēng)的季節(jié)一顆顆晶瑩剔透

純潔無比的心翼翼的綻開翠綠色的幕幔緩緩開啟舞臺(tái)上粉黛濃妝的小天使咿咿呀呀地細(xì)訴著滿樹都是鮮艷的故事天空湛藍(lán)如水

是誰 用潤濕的紅手帕捂住自己激動(dòng)的眼睛

第四篇：六一兒童節(jié)英語作文：六一兒童節(jié)英語詩歌欣賞

六一兒童節(jié)英語作文：六一兒童節(jié)英語詩歌欣賞（5）I am glad I was your teacher

Though you troubled me through and throughYou split the chalk and broke the glass

And I made you kneel down too

But now that the year is almost gone

And the holidays are near

I am surprised most of all coz

I can‘t believe the end is here

Next term you will be older

Whether wiser-I am not sure

Some other class teacher will face it allHow well – I do not know.I remember all the fun we had

I am sure you remember too

All the pranks and the spanks

But we managed to get through

I can’t believe the end is here

You will all be sorely missed

And I hate to see you go

‘Coz you’ll are very special kids.Children of an Unfair God

Mama，please don‘t hurt me anymore

I am only little，just about four

Don’t wake me up from my deep sleep

Don‘t take me to work； why can’t it keep？Can‘t you send me to school？

Like the neighbourhood kids

Can’t I learn to read and browse through books？‘No you can’t‘，says the mother

Dragging her child away

You must go to work

To keep hunger at bay

Five children have we to keep and to feedHow can you think about so much sleep？

第五篇：六一兒童節(jié)英語作文：六一兒童節(jié)英語詩歌欣賞

六一兒童節(jié)英語作文：六一兒童節(jié)英語詩歌欣賞（2）Children watch architecture in a building blockChildren，the Children Happy

I admire how you are

Architecture in a building block to see you aloneHouse at the hands of skillful you

Block 1 of the established Weiran

In praise of the elders after

You are always happy to put them came overturnedTear down the moment you laugh

Carefree transparent clear

Children，I admire you

You can start again immediately Innovate

People often say： The world is a stage

Life but can not be the slightest bit GamesOur lives every reconstruction

Too many things to pay

Faced with the colorful building blocks of lifeAt the time we set up

Always do not have the courage to tear down theThose who are already old things

We are forced to stick to conventions

Rough tough life

Has enabled us to fall short of

Architecture in a building block when you the imagination of today

Faced with a heavy heart and a sense of helplessnessChildren，I sincerely admire you

Faced with this complex social

How I wish I could

Children of Freedom in a state of mind

To build their own high-rise buildings

Innovate do not go out of ordinary things

看孩子搭積木

孩子，幸福的孩子

我是多么的羨慕你

看你獨(dú)自搭積木

房子在你靈巧的手下

一座座巍然的樹立起

在接受了長輩夸獎(jiǎng)后

你總樂于把它們轟然推倒

推倒的瞬間你的笑聲

清澈透明 無憂無慮

孩子，我羨慕你

你能馬上開始再次創(chuàng)新

人們常說：世界是舞臺(tái)

可人生卻不容半點(diǎn)游戲

我們生命中的每一次重建都要支付太多的東西面對人生五光十色的積木我們在搭建時(shí)

總是沒有勇氣去推倒那些早已陳舊的事物我們被迫墨守陳規(guī)人生的艱辛坎坷已使我們失卻了

你今天搭積木時(shí)的想象力面對內(nèi)心的沉重和無奈孩子，我衷心羨慕你面對這個(gè)復(fù)雜的社會(huì)我多么希望我能夠以一個(gè)孩子的自由心境去搭建自己的高樓大廈去創(chuàng)新出不平凡的事物