第一篇：《英語詩歌欣賞》小論文

Enjoying English Poetry Course Essay

Student’s Name:

Class Number: Date: 2015/12/21

Wordsworth’s View on Nature

Based on the Reading of I Wandered Lonely as

a Cloud

Che Hongyu

Wordsworth was a British poet in the 19 century and the poet laureate since

th1843 till his death in 1850.He was born and grew up in the English Lake District and the beautiful scenery of his hometown nurtured his deep love for nature and his purpose of praising nature in his work.He called himself “Prophet of Nature” in The Prelude, and claimed that prophets of nature “will speak a lasting inspiration, sanctified by reason, blest by faith: what we have loved, others will love and we will teach them how”(Wordsworth, 1979: 482), by which he means he, as a nature worshipper, will write about his love for nature in his work and show the readers what he loves about nature, so as to teach them how to love nature and evoke their love for nature.This essay will analyze the poem I wandered Lonely as a Cloud from the aspects of writing background, metrical patterns, figures of speech and images so as to examine William Wordsworth’s view on nature.I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud was written in 1804 and believed to be one of the most beautiful poems written on nature.The poet wrote this poem based on his experience on April 15th, 1802.That day, Wordsworth and his sister Dorothy Wordsworth were walking in the Lake District, to quote Dorothy in Grasmere Journals, “It was a threatening misty morning-but mild.We set off after dinner…The wind was furious & we thought we must have returned…We first rested in the large Boat-house, then under a furze Bush…The wind seized our breath the Lake was rough.We rested again in the Water Millock Lane…We got over into a field to avoid some cows…When we were in the woods beyond Gowbarrow park we saw a few daffodils close to the water side”(Abrams, 2000: 391).It was clear that that day was a windy one, Wordsworth and his sister set off for a walk after dinner but was frustrated by furious wind.They rested in the Boathouse, under a bush, and in the Water Millock Lane and they walked on against the wind and when they arrived at the woods, they saw the daffodils.The daffodils were beautiful and vast, “there was a long belt of them along the shore, about the breadth of a country turnpike road(Abrams, 2000: 391)”.They did not expect to see such beautiful daffodils in such a multitude on such a rough day.“I never saw daffodils so beautiful they grew among the mossy stones about & about them, some rested their heads upon these stones as on a pillow for weariness & the rest tossed & reeled & danced & seemed as if they verily laughed with the wind that blew upon them over the lake, they looked so gay ever glancing ever changing(Abrams, 2000: 391)”.The daffodils are not only beautiful but also cheerful, such natural beauty cheered up the two travelers on such a windy cold day.Two years later, Wordsworth wrote the poem I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud to praise nature.Obviously, the theme of the poem is “nature is beautiful and wise” as shown in daffodils.To show the beauty and charm of daffodils, the poet creates a musically beautiful poem.This poem was written in iambic tetrameter, with a rhyme scheme of ababcc.All the four stanzas follow the same metrical pattern, and the whole poem is actually an ode to daffodils of the Horatian type.Tetrameter, shorter than pentameter, creates a cheerful rhythm and the use of traditional iambic meter ensures the soothing effect of musicality of the poem.The long vowels of au, i:, ai, ei, a: also create a comforting, calming effect on the readers, beautifully soothing.The repetition of the lateral l sound adds to this loving and peaceful effect.The poet’s use of the euphony shows how much he wants to show and convey to the readers the beauty of daffodils, which is also the beauty of nature.Apart from the musical beauty, the poet uses various figures of speech and images to further show the beauty and cheerfulness of the daffodils.At the beginning of the poem, the speaker was seen as a lonely wanderer in the hill, who was compared to “a cloud that floats on high o’er vales and hills”.But the appearance of the daffodils greatly changed his melancholy mood.He did not see just one or two daffodils, but a great many, “a crowd, a host, of golden daffodils”, “continuous as the stars…on the milky way”, “they stretched in never-ending line”, “ten thousand saw I at a glance”.The images of “crowd”, “host”, “never-ending line” showed the non-loneliness of the flowers which instantly impressed the speaker.The daffodils are not only impressive in number, but also extremely cheerful, happy and inspiring.The kinesthetic images of “fluttering”, “dancing’, “shine and twinkle”, “tossing their heads in spritely dance” depicted vivid pictures of this “jocund” company.Nature is beautiful, as shown in the poem, but not only so.Nature teaches people about the wisdom of life too.The daffodils are blooming in the rough wind, dancing, shining, fluttering against the bad weather, which tells the speaker a truth about nature: nature is naturally merry.The wind is rough, that is what the wind is;this does not stop the daffodils from remaining happy and celebrating life.The speaker was influenced by the cheerfulness of nature and forgot his loneliness.Even upon retrospection, when the speaker was “in vacant or in pensive mood”, the wisdom taught by nature’s beauty still came back to him, “they flash upon that inward eye/Which is the bliss of solitude” and this inspired him and worked a wonder on him, and he became happy.To conclude, Wordsworth loves nature and believes nature is not only beautiful, but also wise.He, as a poet, takes “praising nature” as his mission and tries to be the “prophet of nature”.He uses the persona to express his faith in and love for nature in this poem.He believes if people try to appreciate nature’s beauty, take in nature’s wisdom, humbly accept nature’s nurturing, people will be wise and happy.Note: All the quotations of the poem I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud are from《英語詩歌欣賞》，蒲度戎主編，2008，重慶：重慶大學出版社。

References 1.Abrams, M.H., 2000, The Norton Anthology of English Literature, 7th edition, volume 2.New York: W.W.Norton & Company, Inc.2.Wordsworth, W., 1979, The Prelude: 1799, 1805, 1850.New York: W.W.Norton & Company, Inc.格式要求：正文之前的格式：請直接用模板

正文格式：字體：英文Times New Roman, 中文宋體；字號：小四；行距：20磅（正文開始）

第二篇：六一兒童節英語作文：六一兒童節英語詩歌欣賞

六一兒童節英語作文：六一兒童節英語詩歌欣賞（2）Children watch architecture in a building blockChildren，the Children Happy

I admire how you are

Architecture in a building block to see you aloneHouse at the hands of skillful you

Block 1 of the established Weiran

In praise of the elders after

You are always happy to put them came overturnedTear down the moment you laugh

Carefree transparent clear

Children，I admire you

You can start again immediately Innovate

People often say： The world is a stage

Life but can not be the slightest bit GamesOur lives every reconstruction

Too many things to pay

Faced with the colorful building blocks of lifeAt the time we set up

Always do not have the courage to tear down theThose who are already old things

We are forced to stick to conventions

Rough tough life

Has enabled us to fall short of

Architecture in a building block when you the imagination of today

Faced with a heavy heart and a sense of helplessnessChildren，I sincerely admire you

Faced with this complex social

How I wish I could

Children of Freedom in a state of mind

To build their own high-rise buildings

Innovate do not go out of ordinary things

看孩子搭積木

孩子，幸福的孩子

我是多么的羨慕你

看你獨自搭積木

房子在你靈巧的手下

一座座巍然的樹立起

在接受了長輩夸獎后

你總樂于把它們轟然推倒

推倒的瞬間你的笑聲

清澈透明 無憂無慮

孩子，我羨慕你

你能馬上開始再次創新

人們常說：世界是舞臺

可人生卻不容半點游戲

我們生命中的每一次重建都要支付太多的東西面對人生五光十色的積木我們在搭建時

總是沒有勇氣去推倒那些早已陳舊的事物我們被迫墨守陳規人生的艱辛坎坷已使我們失卻了

你今天搭積木時的想象力面對內心的沉重和無奈孩子，我衷心羨慕你面對這個復雜的社會我多么希望我能夠以一個孩子的自由心境去搭建自己的高樓大廈去創新出不平凡的事物

第三篇：六一兒童節英語作文：六一兒童節英語詩歌欣賞

六一兒童節英語作文：六一兒童節英語詩歌欣賞（1）

kids(who bring you a complete life)

When you have a kid

who you care so much

that anything he wants

comes before your own desires

When you have a kid

who is so much in need for your affection and understanding thatno matter what is bothering him

you‘re willing to do anything to make him smile

When you have a kid

who is so dependent on you that

no matter what obstacles you face

you have to be forever confident in front of him

giving him the sense of security

When you have a kid

whatever your goals are for your life

you’re so willing to put him ahead before all your goalssometimes even give up your dreams for his needs

but you‘d consider yourself lucky indeed

being in love with someone in this wide world so deep

you try to make everything easy for him to grow up into a loving，strong adultThank god for giving me this chance

let me experience what love，giving，and voluntary sacrifice are all about

After all of the things I’ve done for him

who changed my whole world dramaticly

I come to understand what a complete life is like.magical kids.

第四篇：六一兒童節英語作文：六一兒童節英語詩歌欣賞

六一兒童節英語作文：六一兒童節英語詩歌欣賞（5）I am glad I was your teacher

Though you troubled me through and throughYou split the chalk and broke the glass

And I made you kneel down too

But now that the year is almost gone

And the holidays are near

I am surprised most of all coz

I can‘t believe the end is here

Next term you will be older

Whether wiser-I am not sure

Some other class teacher will face it allHow well – I do not know.I remember all the fun we had

I am sure you remember too

All the pranks and the spanks

But we managed to get through

I can’t believe the end is here

You will all be sorely missed

And I hate to see you go

‘Coz you’ll are very special kids.Children of an Unfair God

Mama，please don‘t hurt me anymore

I am only little，just about four

Don’t wake me up from my deep sleep

Don‘t take me to work； why can’t it keep？Can‘t you send me to school？

Like the neighbourhood kids

Can’t I learn to read and browse through books？‘No you can’t‘，says the mother

Dragging her child away

You must go to work

To keep hunger at bay

Five children have we to keep and to feedHow can you think about so much sleep？

第五篇：英語小詩歌

a red，red rose

robert burns

紅玫瑰 羅伯特·彭斯

o my luve's like a red,red rose that's newly spring in june: o my luve's like the melodie that's sweetly play'd tune.as fair art thou,my bonnie lass.so deep in luve am i:

and i will luve thee still,my dear, till a'the seas gang dry.till a'the seas gang dry,my dear, and the rocks melt wi'the sun;o i will luve thee still, my dear, while the sands o'life shall run.and fare thee week,my onlu luve!and fare thee awhile!and i will come again,my luve, tho'it were ten thousand mile.吾愛吾愛玫瑰紅，六月初開韻曉風； 吾愛吾愛如管弦，其聲悠揚而玲瓏。

吾愛吾愛美而珠，我心愛你永不渝，我心愛你永不渝，直到四海海水枯；

直到四海海水枯，巖石融化變成泥，只要我還有口氣，我心愛你永不渝。

暫時告別我心肝，請你不要把心耽！縱使相隔十萬里，踏穿地皮也要還。

he that loves a rosy cheek thomas carew

真的美 托默斯·加魯

he that loves a rosy cheek or a coral lip admires, or from star-like eyes doth seek fuel to maintain his fires;as old time makes these decay, so his flames must waste away.but a smooth and steadfast mind, gentle thoughts,and calm desires, hearts with equal love combined, kindle never-dying fires;—— where these are not,i despise lovely cheek or lips or eyes.頰如玫瑰紅，唇如珊瑚赤，星眼珠耀然，有人為之熱； 遲暮具凋零，熱情亦衰竭。

心平氣亦和，寧靜而謙抑，一視能同仁，愛之永不滅；—— 世若無斯人，頰唇眼何益？

the rose in the wind james stephens

風中薔薇花 吉姆肆·斯弟芬司

dip and swing, lift and sway;dream a life, in a dream,away.like a dream in a sleep is the rose in the wind;

and a fish in the deep;and a man in the mind;

dreaming to lack all that is his;dreaming to gain all that he is.dreaming a life, in a dream,away dip and swing, lift and sway.顫顫巍巍，頡之頑之； 睡夢生涯，抑之揚之。

夢中之夢，風中之花，薔薇顛倒，睡夢生涯。

水中有魚，心中有君； 魚難離水，君是我心。

夢有所喪，喪其所有； 夢其所得，得其自由。

睡夢生涯，抑之揚之，顫顫巍巍，頡之頑之。

trees joyce kilmer

樹 菊葉斯·基爾默

i think that i shall never see a poem lovely as a tree.a tree whose hungry mouth is prest againsr the earth's sweet flowing breast;

a tree that looks at god all day, and lifts her leafy arms to pry;

a tree that may in summer wear a nest of robins in her hair;

upon whose bosom snow has lain;who intimately lives with rain.poems are made by fools like me, but only god can make a tree.我向，永遠不會看到一首詩，可愛的如同一株樹一樣。

一株樹，他的饑渴的嘴 吮吸著大地的甘露。

一株樹，他整日望著天 高擎著葉臂，祈禱無語。

一株樹，夏天在他的發間 會有知更鳥砌巢居住。

一株樹，白雪躺在他胸上，他和雨是親密的伴侶。

詩是我輩愚人所吟，樹只有上帝才能賦。

the paps of dana james stephens

月神的奶頭 吉姆肆·斯弟芬司

the moutains stand and stare around, they are far too proud to speak, altho'they are rooted in the ground up they go,peak after peak, before the tallest house,and still soaring over tree and hill until you'd think they'd never stop going up,top over top, into the clouds——still i mark that a sparrow pr a lark flying just as high can sing as if he'd not done anything.i think the mountains ought to be taught a little modesty.山岳巍然，雄視八荒，氣象莊嚴，無聲無響，植根大地，負勢竟上。洪濤排空，群峰低昂，超越宮殿，凌彼森崗，高入云表，爭霸爭王，不思舉止，徒逞豪強。我觀云鳥，載翱載翔，飛抵上蒼，盡情歌唱，自由自在，毫不夸張。告彼山岳，宜稍謙讓，戒驕戒躁，好自思量。

winter moon evelyn scott

冬月 伊吾琳·司科特

a little white thistle moon blown over the cold crags and fens: a little white thistle moon blown across the frozen heather.初月如銀溝，吹過冰巖沼； 如勾初月白，吹渡寒郊草。

the moon william h.davies

月 威廉·h·戴維士

thy beauty haunts me heart and soul, o thou fair moon,so close and bright;thy beauty makes me like the child that cries aloud to own thy light: the little child that lifts each arm to press thee to her bosom warm.though there are birds that sing this night with thy white beams across their throats, let my deep silence speak for me more than for them their sweetest notes: who worships thee till music fails is greater than nightingales.你的美麗纏繞了我的心和魂，你美好的月哦，那樣近，那樣明； 你的美麗使我像個小孩兒

要捉著你的光，發出更大的聲音； 小孩舉起每一只胳膊，要把你捉來抱的緊緊。

雖然有些鳥兒在夜里吟唱，由于你的銀光照著它們的頸，讓我深深的沉默談出我的心 比他們的最美的歌聲更有風韻； 對你的崇敬到了沉默無聲，那崇敬是超過了你的夜鳴鶯。

the shepherdess alice meynell

牧羊的女兒 阿里斯·美那爾

she walks——the lady of my delight—— a shepherdess of sheep.her flocks are thoughts.she keep them white;she guards them from the steep.she feeds them on the fragrant height and folds them in for sleep.she roams maternal hills and bright, dark valleys safe and deep.into that tender breast at night the chastest stars may peep.she walks——the lady of my delight—— a shepherdess of sheep.she holds her little thoughts in sight, though gay they run and leap.she is so circumspect and right;she has her soul to keep.she walks——the lady of my delight—— a shepherdess of sheep.她是在徜徉——我愉快的姑娘—— 牧羊的女兒在牧羊。

她的羊群是思想，她使它們明亮； 她不讓它們走近懸崖，她飼養著它們在芬芳的丘陵上，使它們安息在羊欄房。

慈祥的小丘映著陽光，平安的幽谷，她在徜徉，夜里有那些最潔凈的星星，窺進那柔軟的胸膛。她在徜徉——我愉快的姑娘—— 牧羊的女兒在牧羊。

她照管著她那些小思想，盡管它們跳躍的好癲狂。她是那樣地小心而又端莊； 看守著自己的靈魂不放。

她在徜徉——我愉快的姑娘—— 牧羊的女兒在牧羊。

the soul john

靈魂 約翰·格斯瓦斯

my soul's the sky——my flying soul!the lightnight flare,the thunder roll, the sun and moon and stars go by, and great winds sweep my soul,the sky!

my brooding soul——my soul's the sea!the snaky weed,and whishing scree, the white wave's surge from pole to pole, and still green depth——the sea's my soul!

my soul's the spring——my loveing soul!will dance,and leap,and drain the bowl of love;and longing,twine and cling to all the world——my soul's the spring!

my fevered soul!my soul's the town!thro'flaring street goes up and down;the bells of feast and traffic toll and maze their music in my soul.my tranquil soul!my soul too wide for sky,or spring,town,or tide!thou traveller to outer strand of home serene——my soul so grand!

我的靈魂是太空！電在閃呵雷在轟，日月群星在運動，時而卷起大臺風！

我的靈魂是大海！蛇樣的藻響石崖，百浪濤天天接地，琉璃萬頃身無界！

我的靈魂是陽春，踴躍狂飲愛之淳，萬事萬物皆有情，渴望，纏綿理不清。

我的靈魂是市鎮！陸離街道莽縱橫； 祭日之中驛站鈴，結成交響之樂音。

我的靈魂太沉靜，天，春，鎮，海比不贏！遠游彼岸之太清—— 我的靈魂真雄渾！

a london thoroughfare(2 a.m.)amy lowell

一條倫敦大馬路（午夜二時）阿米·羅維爾

they have watered the street, it shines in the glare of lamps, cold,white lamps, and lies like a slow-moving river, barred with silver and black.cabs go down it, one, and then another.between then i hear the shuffling of feet.tramps doze on the window-ledges, night-walkers pass along the side-walks.the city is squalid and sinister, with the silver-barred street in the midst, slow-moving, a river leading nowhere.opposite my window, the moon cuts, clear and round, through the plum-colored night.she cannot light the city;it is too bright.it was white lamps, and glitters coldly.i stand in the window and watch the moon.she is thin and lustreless, but i love her.i know the moon, and this is an alien city.人們在街上灑了水，街道在燈光中揚輝，冷，白色的燈，躺著

像一條河慢慢流進，有銀色、黑色的條紋，馬車走過來，一臺，又是一臺。

在它們之間夾著腳音。腳音在窗臺上打盹，人行道上過著夜行的人。這城市陰晦而苦悶，有銀線條的街在它中心，慢慢的流著

一條沒有出口的河。

正對著我的窗 有澄凈的，圓圓的 月亮，穿過杏色的穹蒼，她不會照耀城市； 由于城市太亮。城市有白色的燈 放射著冷光。

我站在窗邊望著月亮，她太冷淡而不輝煌，但我愛她，月亮是我的故人，城市在異鄉。

ALWAYS HAVE A DREAM

Forget about the days when it's been cloudy.But don't forget your hours in the sun.Forget about the times you have been defeated.But don't forget the victories you have won.Forget about the misfortunes you have encountered.But don't forget the times your luck has turned.Forget about the days when you have been lonely.But don't forget the friendly smiles you have seen.Forget about the plans that didn't seem to work out right.But don't forget to always have a dream.忘掉你失意的日子，但不要忘記黃金的時光。

忘掉你的一次次失敗，但不要忘記你奪取的勝利。

忘掉你遭遇的不幸，但不要忘記你的時來運轉。

忘掉你的孤獨日子，但不要忘記你得到的友善微笑。

忘掉你沒有得以順利實施的計劃，但不要放棄你的夢想。

Humpty-dumpty

Humpty-dumpty sat on a wall.Humpty-dumpty had a great fall.All the King's horses And all the King's men

Can not put Humpty-dumpty together again.這首順口溜是英語國家民間很受歡迎的鵝媽媽故事之一。Humpty-dumpty 是一只大雞蛋。一位美麗的公主把它帶進皇宮，讓它坐在墻頭上看國王的車隊回宮。它看得太起勁了，不小心摔下來就碎了。英語里的Humpty-dumpty 比喻一經損壞就無法修復的東西。

A little girl's dream Dreams keep running through my mind Reflecting memories of long ago.Made in a land of fairy tales, A place my heart longs for so.Cut off from the rest of the world With streams, and meadows to roam, Viewed from a little girl's eyes, A place that would always be home A place where berries grew wild Where rabbits and squirrels were seen Where a racoon could be a friend And deer played down by the stream.A world where imagination made all come true And a little girl could be a queen Where daydreams were spun like cobwebs But a world where everything wasn't what it seemed.For every little girl has to grow up And daydreams shatter in your hand, You find the home you thought was your own Is nothing but a simple piece of land.The flowers don't seem to bloom so bright, And fairy tales no longer come true, For it is seen now through grownup eyes, No longer the world that you knew.But still...Somewhere in the back of my mind That place will always remain From all those memories long ago To beckon me back time and again.英詩的欣賞：詩的格律、詩的押韻、詩的體式、詩的評判。

詩以高度凝結的語言表達著人們的喜怒哀樂，用其特有的節奏與方式影響著人們的精神世界。詩講究聯想，運用象征、比喻、擬人等各種修辭手法，形成了獨特的語言藝術。

一、詩的格律

“格律是指可以用腳打拍子的節奏”，是每個音步輕重音節排列的格式，也是朗讀時輕重音的依據。而音步是由重讀音節和非重讀音節構成的詩的分析單位。重讀音節為揚（重），在音節上用“－”或“?”標示，非重讀音節為抑（輕），在音節上用“?”標示，音步之間可用“／”隔開。以下是五種常見格式：

1.抑揚格（輕重格）Iambus：是最常見的一種格式，每個音步由一個非重讀音節加一個重讀音節構成。

As fair / art thou / my bon/nie lass，So deep / in luve / am I ：

And I / will luve / thee still，/ my dear，Till a` / the seas / gang dry：

Robert Burns（1759-1796）： My Luve Is like a Red，Red Rose

注；art=are luve=love bonnie=beautiful a`=all gang=go

上例中為四音步與三音步交叉，可標示為：?－／?－／?－／（?－）

2.揚抑格（重輕格）Trochee：每個音步由一個重讀音節加一個非重讀音節構成。

下例中為四音步揚抑格（少一個輕音節），可標示為：－?／－?／－?／－

Tyger！/ Tyger！/ burning / bright

In the / forests / of the / night

William Blake： The Tyger

3.抑抑揚格（輕輕重格）Anapaestic foot： 每個音步由兩個非重讀音節加一個重讀音節構成。如：三音步抑抑揚格??－／??－／??－

Like a child / from the womb，Like a ghost / from the tomb，I arise / and unbuild / it again.4.揚抑抑格（重輕輕格）Dactylic foot： 每個音步由一個重讀音節加兩個非重讀音節構成。如：兩音步揚抑抑格－??／－??

?Touch her not / ?scornfully，?Think of her / ?mournfully.-Thomas Hood

5.抑揚抑格（輕重輕格）Amphibrach：每個音步由一個非重讀音節加一個重讀音節再加一個非重讀音節構成。如：三音步抑揚抑格?－?／?－?／?－?下例中最后一個音步為抑揚格。

O ?hush thee / my ?babie / thy ?sire was / a knight.在同一首詩中常會出現不同的格律，格律解析對朗讀詩歌有一定參考價值。現代詩中常不遵守規范的格律。

二、詩的押韻

押韻是指通過重復元音或輔音以達到一定音韻效果的詩歌寫作手法。

1.尾韻：最常見，最重要的押韻方式。

1）聯韻：aabb型。

I shot an arrow into the air，It fell to earth，I knew not where；

For，so swiftly it flew，the sight

Could not follow it in its flight.Henry Wadsworth Longfellow： The Arrow and the Song

2）交叉韻：abab型。

Sunset and evening star，And one clear call for me！

And may there be no moaning of the bar，When I put out to sea，Alfred Tennyson（1809-1892）： Crossing the Bar

3）同韻：有的詩押韻，一韻到底，大多是在同一節詩中共用一個韻腳。

如下例就共用／i：p／為韻腳。

The woods are lovely，dark and deep，But I have promises to keep，And miles to go before I sleep，And miles to go before I sleep.Robert Frost（1874-1963）： Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening

2.頭韻：是指一行（節）詩中幾個詞開頭的輔音相同，形成押韻。下例中運用／f／、／b／與／s／頭韻生動寫出了船在海上輕快航行的景象。

The fair breeze blew，the white foam flew，The furrow followed free，We were the first that ever burst

Into that silent sea.T.S.Coleridge： Rime of the Acient Mariner

3.內韻（同元音）：指詞與詞之間原因的重復形成的內部押韻。

下面一節詩中／i／及／iη／重復照應，呈現出一派歡樂祥和的氣氛。

Spring，the sweet spring，is the year?s pleasant king；

Then blooms each thing，then maids dance in a ring，Cold dath not sting，the pretty birds do sing：

Cuckoo，jug-jug，pu-we，to-witta-woo！

Thomas Nashe（1567-1601）： Spring，the Sweet Spring

三、詩的體式

有的詩分成幾節（stanza），每節由若干詩行組成（每行詩均以大寫字母開頭）；有的詩則不分節。目前我們常見的詩體有：

1.十四行詩（Sonnet），源于中世紀民間抒情短詩，十三、十四世紀流行于意大利，意大利彼特拉克（Petrarch）為代表人物，每行十一個音節，全詩一節八行，加一節六行，韻腳用abba，abba，cdcdcd（cdecde）。前八行提問，后六行回答。

后來，懷亞特（ThomasWyatt，1503-1542）將十四行詩引人英國，五音步抑揚格，全詩三個四行一個二行，前三節提問，后二句結論。斯賓塞（EdmundSpenser，1552-1599）用韻腳 abab，bcbc，cdcd，ee.莎士比亞（WilliamShakespeare，1564-1616）用韻腳abab，cdcd，dfdf，gg，稱英國式或莎士比亞式。舉例見本文第四部分。

2.打油詩（Limericks）：通常是小笑話甚至是胡謅，一般沒有標題也無作者姓名，含有幽默諷刺性，常運用雙關，內韻等手法。每首詩五個詩行，押韻為aabba，格律以抑揚格和抑抑揚格為主。

1）There was a young lady of Nigger

Who smiled as she rode on a tiger；

They returned from the ride

With the lady inside，And the smile on the face of the tiger.2）A tutor who taught on the flute

Tried to teach two tooters to toot，“Is it harder to toot，or

Said the two to the tutor，To tutor two tooters to toot？“

3.無韻體（Blank Verse）：五音步抑揚格，不押韻詩體。

Across the watery bale，and shout again，Responsive to his call，and gazed-but little thought

What wealth the show to me had brought：

For oft，when on my couch I lie

In vacant or in pensive mood，They flash upon that inward eye

Which is the bliss of solitude；

Ans then my heart with pleasure fills，And dances with the daffodils.Notes： a crowd，a host of： many sprightly：happy glee：joy

jocund：happy bliss：complete happiness pensive：sadly thoughtful

華茲華斯（WilliamWordsworth，1770-1850），十九世紀初英格蘭北部湖區三大“湖畔派詩人”（浪漫主義）之一。此詩向我們描繪了一幅美好的自然景象，同時抒發作者對自然美景的喜歡。黃水仙據說是威爾士國花（1282年，威爾士歸順英格蘭，被封公國），在英國廣泛栽種，春季開花，花期不長。有許多關于黃水仙的詩歌，這首詩無疑是脫穎而出的。

全詩語言精煉，通俗易懂，四音步抑揚格，分四節（stanza），每節6行，每節押韻均為ababcc.第一節寫詩人孤寂時外出散步，偶遇水仙；第二節寫水仙爭相開放，千姿百態；第三節，詩人看到這景象感到欣喜異常；第四節寫詩人在日后憂郁時，回想當時情景，又讓他心中充滿了歡樂，隨著水仙跳起舞來。

3.Song of Myself

I celebrate myself，and sing myself，And what I assume you shall assume，For every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you.I loafe and invite my soul，I learn and loafe at my ease observing a spear of summer grass.My tongue，every atom of my blood，form?d from this soil，this air，Born ere of parents born here from parents the same，and their parents the same，I，now thirty seven years old in perfect health begin，Hoping to cease not till death.Creeds and schools in abeyance，Retiring back a while sufficed at what they are，but never forgotten.I harbor for good or bad，I permit to speak at every hazard.Nature without check with original energy.Notes： a spear of： a piece of school：學說，流派 hazard：chance

abeyance： the condition of not being in use for a certain time 惠特曼（Walt Whitman，1819-1892），美國詩人。此詩選自其巨著。本文是Song of Myself 一詩的第一部分，采用自由詩體，語言接近當時的美國口語。

文中I指作者，you指讀者，這種寫法使讀者身臨其境，進入作者描寫的世界。作者在文中表明人的價值是平等的，同時他把自己融入到自然帶給他的啟發思考中。

從上看出，詩歌的欣賞評判并非可望而不可及，關鍵要抓住詩中的意象，了解其語義，以便把握詩的大意。縱然每個人的讀后感會有不同，但每個人都會在閱讀過程中感受到詩歌帶來的美和精神上的共鳴。