第一篇：(英語畢業論文)論中美送禮文化差異

本科生畢業設計（論文）封面

（2016 屆）

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英語原創畢業論文參考選題(200個)

一、論文說明

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二、原創論文參考題目 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 《飄》中斯佳麗的性格特征解讀 A Comparison of the English Color Terms 析《魯濱遜漂流記》中“星期五”的人物形象 淺析《野性的呼喚》中人的意象

從莎士比亞女性主義意識淺析《馴悍記》主角凱瑟琳娜 淺析英漢語言中顏色詞的運用

《紅樓夢》兩英譯版本中姓名翻譯的對比研究 從電影《亂世佳人》看美國女性價值觀 《了不起的蓋茨比》敘述者尼克分析 立法語言模糊現象研究——以刑法為視角 11 英漢同義詞對比及翻譯 12 論《小婦人》中的超驗主義思想 13 從理解文化角度翻譯英語習語 14 A Comparison of the English Color Terms 15 李清照“聲聲慢”英譯本的對比研究 16 跨文化交際意識與中文旅游文本翻譯 17 試析威廉布萊克和他的《老虎》 18 《玻璃動物園》中的逃避主義解讀 19 《屋頂麗人》中的多重沖突及其張力 20 口譯中的語用失誤分析 論《失樂園》中撒旦的形象及象征意義 22 論中西文化中家庭觀念的差異 23 《榆樹下的欲望》卡博特的悲劇分析 xx大學影視英語教學調查 埃茲拉龐德意象派詩歌解析：以《在地鐵站里》為例 26 論《一個小時的故事》中馬拉德夫人女性意識的覺醒 27 問題類型對TEM閱讀成績影響的實證研究 28 唐詩中比喻修辭格的翻譯——以許淵沖英譯本為例 On the Character of Scarlett O’Hara and the Transition of American Society 30 文化差異對國際商務談判的影響

英語政治新聞中的模糊限制語及其語用功能分析

An Imitation of the Primitive Society: Evil of Human Nature in Lord of the Flies 33 英漢銜接手段對比分析－－基于The Old Man and the Sea及其譯本的對比分析 34 從《野性的呼喚》看杰克?倫敦的人生觀 35 《麥田里的守望者》中霍爾頓的成長三部曲 36 我國中小學英語語音教學現存的問題與對策 37 論中西方思維方式的差異 38 論《荊棘鳥》中的女性意識

肯克西《飛越瘋人院》的女性主義批評

電影《苔絲》的缺失——與原著《德伯家的苔絲》的比較 41 簡愛——平凡而非凡的女人

從《了不起的蓋茨比》看美國夢的幻滅 43 中西建筑文化差異及其形成背景分析 44 論《進入黑夜的漫長旅程》的悲劇成因

從《湯姆叔叔的小屋》看斯托夫人的宗教矛盾心理 46 A Study of Pragmatic Functions of English Euphemisms 47 Hawthorne’s Religious Notion: an Analysis of The Scarlet Letter 48 《玻璃動物園》中的逃避主義解讀 49 英式英語與美式英語的拼寫差異

極限環境中的善與惡——淺析《蠅王》中的主要人物人格結構 51 從禮貌原則角度分析電影《暮光之城》中的對白

The Application of Cohesive Devices in Chinese-English Translation of Chinese Literary Works

從東西方文化差異視角看動物詞匯的翻譯 54 《魔術與童年》翻譯中英漢詞匯銜接對比研究 55 文本分類理論與廣告翻譯

修辭在政治演講中的作用－－以奧巴馬獲勝演講為例 57 沃爾瑪策略研究

淺析中學生英語學習中的情感因數 59 時事政治漢譯英該注意的幾個問題 60 論《老人與海》中圣地亞哥性格的雙重性 61 《吉姆爺》的生態女性主義解讀

教師在農村初中英語游戲教學中的角色分析－－以某中學為例

A Discussion of the Cultural Similarities and Differences of Color Terms in English and Chinese 64 Thackeray’s Ambivalent Attitude towards the Women in Vanity Fair 65 如何提高小學生對英語學習的興趣

A Comparative Study of Women in Fortress Besieged and Pride and Prejudice 67 Pragmatic Failures in the Practice of Interpretation in International Business Communication 68 中文商標英譯研究

《嘉莉妹妹》中男女主人公命運的對比分析 70 The Tragic Fate of Tess 71 語法翻譯法視角下的中學生英語家教輔導 72 二元對立模型在伍爾夫《達洛衛夫人》中的應用 73 《小婦人》結局分析

種族溝通的橋梁——對《寵兒》中兩個丹芙的人物分析 75 從《自我之歌》,看美國夢對惠特曼的影響 76 從《無名的裘德》看哈代的現代性意識 77 英語委婉語的特點及運用

淺析隱藏在“面紗”之后的伯莎梅森 79 體態語在英語課堂教學中的運用研究

英語專業學生議論文寫作中連接詞使用情況研究

儒家文化與和諧世界的構建 82 論《月亮寶石》的現實主義手法

從目的論角度分析商業電視廣告中雙關語的翻譯 84 人文主義思想在《皆大歡喜》中的運用 85 探析《蝴蝶夢》中的懸念寫作手法 86 Feminism in To the Lighthouse 87 Comparative Study of Love-Tragedy Between Romeo and Juliet and The Butterfly Lovers 88 奈達功能對等理論指導下英漢廣告修辭的翻譯策略探究 89 淺析《德伯家的苔絲》中苔絲的反叛精神 90 論《遠離塵囂》中女主人公的悲劇原因 91 論英語新聞標題中修辭的漢譯 92 對外新聞的導語編譯研究

A Contrastive Study on Language Features of Chinese and English Proverbs 94 A Brief Analysis of the Main Female Characters in Golden Notebook 95 論王爾德在《道林格雷的畫像》中的美學思想 96 淺析歇后語翻譯中直譯的可行性

從《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》看維多利亞時期的新女性主義觀

出人意料的結局和夸張－基于歐亨利的短篇小說《忙碌經紀人的羅曼史》 99 《嘉莉妹妹》的自然主義解讀

《俄狄浦斯王》與《少數派報告》中先知與命運關系的對比分析 101 論基督教教義對美國人慈善觀的影響 102 論“成長的煩惱”中的美國家庭文化 103 淺析翻譯中的文化缺省及其補償策略 104 從目的論看電影《音樂之聲》中對白的漢譯

《邊城》與《哈克貝利費恩歷險記》中的河流的比較研究

譯者主體性視角下的翻譯策略—楊氏夫婦《聊齋志異》英譯本個案研究 107 認知語境對文學文本翻譯策略的影響 108 小學英語課堂教學氛圍調查研究

邊緣人群的孤獨與無奈——對《夜訪吸血鬼》中路易斯的研究

商務英語合同的翻譯特點及策略研究 111 中英姓氏差異及其原因探究

論視覺小說中的西方神話形象重塑——以《命運之夜》系列為例 113 淺析托妮莫里森《恩惠》中的母愛 114 《紫色》的生態女性主義解讀

從《純真年代》的女性角色看舊紐約的女性地位 116 從中外節日看兩種文化—以春節和圣誕節為例 117 論《老人與海》中的象征主義

簡析《麥田里的守望者》中霍爾頓的人格特征 119 A Comparison of the English Color Terms 120 從功能對等角度翻譯委婉語

從功能對等理論看《好漢兩個半》的幽默字幕翻譯 122 《格列佛游記》對理性的反思與批判 123 論威廉戈爾丁《蠅王》中知識分子的悲劇 124 從就餐細節看中美兒童個性能力的差異 125 會話含義在商務談判中的運用

從中英文動物隱喻看中國與英語國家的文化差異 127 從順應理論的角度對廣告翻譯的分析 128 試述《亞當夏娃日記》的圣經情結 129 瓦爾登湖畔的隱士：反抗與變革 130 文化差異視域下英語報刊硬新聞的翻譯 131 伍爾芙的人生經歷對其小說創作的影響 132 《玻璃動物園》中的逃避主義解讀

The Analysis of the Narrative Style in Toni Morrison’s Beloved 134 《哈利波特》系列作品中顏色的象征意義 135 論《麥田里的守望者》的“非樂觀性”

從合作原則談影視翻譯策略——以《功夫熊貓》為例

A Study on the Cross-Cultural Management in the Sino-American Joint-Venture Enterprises－－With Special Reference to Changan & Ford Motor Company 138 從就餐細節看中美兒童個性能力的差異

On Translation of Humorous Language from English to Chinese 140 關于《白鯨》中的象征主義手法運用的研究與探討 141 論《麥田里的守望者》中的佛教禪宗因素 142 模糊限制語在英語新聞中的語用功能 143 英語新聞標題的語言特點及翻譯

英語經濟新聞標題翻譯在模因傳播中的分析 145 簡愛性格魅力分析

《德伯家的苔絲》中的意象分析

威廉福克納《圣殿》小說創作里的自卑情結 148 從跨文化的角度看翻譯的歸化與異化 149 會計英語的語言特點及其翻譯 150 “垮掉的一代”形成的背景探析 151 名詞化隱喻在外貿函電中的功能分析 152 論愛倫坡小說《莫格街謀殺案》中懸疑的設置 153 從《蠅王》中的象征看人性的惡

154 從《簡愛》的多譯本看中國兩性關系的變化 155 東西方文化中團隊意識的差別 156 從新聞用語特點對比中西方文化差異 157 《玻璃動物園》中的逃避主義解讀

158 語境及其在提高高中學生英語閱讀能力中的應用 159 霍桑的《胎記》中喬治亞娜的死的深層原因探究 160 海明威文學作品中青年和老年人物關系對比探究 161 淺談中國古詞的色彩美在英語中的重現 162 《遠大前程》中的“遠大”可以是“錯誤”的 163 英語動詞時態的認知及隱喻概念研究

164 Cultural Influences on Business Negotiation between China and Japan 165 論弗羅斯特詩歌中自然意象對意境的構建 166 《傲慢與偏見》中婚姻觀對當代中國的現實意義 167 從《穿靴子的貓》看美國動畫電影中的英雄主義 168 愛神簡論

169 接受理論視角下英文商標名漢譯研究 170 論本杰明富蘭克林《自傳》 中的美國精神 171 淺析不同文化中的身勢語 172 “狗”在中西文化中的對比研究

173 從奈達翻譯理論初探英漢新聞導語翻譯策略 174 《天邊外》的悲劇分析

175 從目的論看中國電影字幕翻譯：以《金陵十三釵》為例 176 顏色詞的中英對比翻譯 177 從接受美學看廣告翻譯 178 論翻譯中的銜接與連貫

179 淺析隱藏在“面紗”之后的伯莎梅森 180 英漢含文化植物詞諺語對比研究 181 從跨文化角度看中美商務談判

182 [畢業論文](經貿英語系畢業論文)優衣庫創意營銷策略 183 《了不起的蓋茨比》中的原型解析 184 企業英文簡介中的概念語法隱喻分析 185 初中生英語自主學習現狀調查與分析

186 從自然主義視角解讀德萊賽《珍妮姑娘》中珍妮的形象 187 談電影片名漢譯的不忠

188 風箏在《追風箏的人》中的象征意義分析 189 On Alice Walker’s Womanism in The Color Purple 190 商務談判策略研究

191 英國議會制辯論－－探究與實踐 192 《霧都孤兒》中南希形象分析 193 從語用角度和文化角度淺談隱喻的翻譯

194 A Paralysed Wilderness—The Appreciation and Analysis of Symbols in Araby 195 漢語公示語英譯之跨文化交際研究 196 大衛王：在希伯來世界中的社會地位 197 論《紅字》中的奇異情景

198 《了不起的蓋茨比》和《太陽照常升起》中時髦女郎的對比

199 從里奇的禮貌原則角度分析《老友記》中的言語幽默 200 英漢基本顏色詞文化內涵對比研究

第二篇：論中美校園文化差異

論中美校園文化差異

作者：

導師：

摘 要

隨著中國市場經濟的發展和對外開放的不斷擴大，中國與美國的交流日益增多，文化交流已經成為兩國交流的重要組成部分。改革開放以來，中國的教育界、科學界和文化界一直同美國保持著文化交流，這不僅促進了兩國人民的相互了解，也促進了教育和文化事業的發展。

校園文化是社會文化和教育環境的重要組成部分，對學生的品格的形成具有潛移默化的影響作用。良好的校園文化是實現素質教育的重要途徑，校園文化建設的成功與否直接影響著教育工作的效果。中美是經濟發展程度不同的兩個大國，政治制度、傳統文化、歷史背景等方面存在差異，校園文化方面也存在許多不同之處。美國作為一個發達國家，有相對完善的教育體制和發展模式，校園文化建設也存在許多獨到之處，可為我國的高校發展和校園文化建設提供借簽。

本文從中美文化的特征差異的比較分析入手，分析研究了中美校園文化所存在的差異以及造成其差異的原因，并就新形勢下如何培養良好的校園文化環境，富有成效地做好校園文化建設進行了探討。

關鍵詞：中國，美國，校園文化，差異性，啟示

I

On the Differences Between Chinese and American Campus

Cultures

Author:

Supervisor:

ABSTRACT

With the development of China’s marketing economy and the wide opening up to the outside world, the exchanges between America and China have been increasing year by year, especially the cultural exchanges, and the Chinese educational, scientific and cultural communities have always maintained the exchanges with America.The cultural exchanges between the two countries have made great contribution to the mutual understanding of American and Chinese people and to the development of education.Campus culture, as an important part of social culture and educational environment, plays an essential role in cultivating people’s personality.Good campus culture is a vital way to achieve the accomplishment of quality education.The campus culture has great impact on the educational quality.America and China, as two countries of great influence, have different political systems, traditional cultures and historical background, thus the campus cultures between them are also varied from each other.America, one of the well-developed countries, has relatively complete educational system and developing patterns, which means the campus culture has its own advantages.Therefore, it can give some guidance and enlightenment for Chinese campus cultural building-up.This current paper is going to explore the main differences between American and Chinese campus cultures, and then to find out the main reasons that cause the differences.After that, it puts forward some enlightenment for our campus cultural building-up.Keywords: China, America, campus culture, difference, enlightenment

II

Acknowledgements

III

CONTENTS

摘要…………………………………………………………………………………………Ⅰ Abstract…………………………………………………………………………………….Ⅱ 1 Introduction………………………………………………………………………….…....1 2 The Differences Between American and Chinese Campus Cultures………………....3 2.1 American Individualism and Chinese Collectivism………………………….....3 2.2 Differences in Cultivating Students’ Personality……………………………….4 2.3 Differences in Cultivating the Students’ Creative Spirit ……………………....5 3 The Reasons that Cause the Differences………………………………………….…….6 3.1 Different Running Ways of Schools……………………………………………..6 3.2 Different Attitude of Students Toward Life……………………………………..9 3.3 Different Campus Atmosphere and Studying Environment……………….....10 4 The Enlightenments for Our Campus Cultural Building-up………………………...12

4.1 Exerting the Guiding Role of Campus Culture and Creating a Healthy Environment for Moral Education…………………………………………… 12 4.2 Developing Students’ Personality and Cultivating Their Creative Spirit.......13 4.3 Developing Traditional National Culture and Playing Its Potential Impact on Campus Cultural Building-up………………………………………………......13 5 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………….15 References………………………………………………………………………………....16

IV Introduction

With the development of globalization and the implementation of opening-up policy, China’s exchanges with America become more and more frequent in all aspects.Cultural exchanges have been the most important part among the exchanges.Campus culture is one of important component of social culture and also a specific cultural environment which emerges from the campus education.Chinese and American campus cultures have distinguishing features respectively.They all have good aspects which should be advocated and take advantage of for our campus cultural building-up.Therefore, the study of American and Chinese campus culture is necessary and many scholars from the two countries have been studying their differences from different aspects.Before studying the differences between American and Chinese campus culture, we should know something about culture and campus culture: According to On Campus Culture written by Wang Banghu(1998:12), we can have a very clear understanding about diverse definitions of “campus culture” made by people from all circles.This book says that campus culture is a series of values held by those teachers, students and administrators who live in a specific environmental atmosphere, say, campuses, and the concretion of those values on materials and ideologies.And according to Mo Liyu “culture is a collection of belief, habits, living patterns, and behaviors, which are held more or less in common by people who occupy particular geographic area(2006:30).” And we can also find another authoritative definition of culture in a famous Chinese dictionary Cihai:(Xia Zhengnong, 1999)widely speaking, culture is the combination of all human material and spiritual wealth which are created in the process of human history.Narrowly speaking, it refers to the ideology of the society, as well as the systems and organization.The definition indicates that culture is a historical and geographic phenomenon, and every society or place has its own culture.Since the definitions if cultures are different, the definition of campus culture which is always influenced by culture is also varied.Another mentionable book is American Culture by Dong Xiaochuan(2006).This book answers questions such as “What is culture?” “What is American culture?” “What is the research on American culture?” and

“What is the purpose of the study on American culture?” etc, dividing the topic “American Culture” into eight parts and explaining different aspects in the culture.As one of the most important carriers of ideological and political education, the campus cultures in China and America are quite different.Due to different social systems, educational systems, traditional cultures and historical background, the Chinese and American campus cultures have their own characteristics in the construction of campus culture.Therefore, through comparing the two different cultures, the author will find some useful enlightenment for our campus cultural building-up to achieve the objectives of the study.In order to finish this thesis, the author has made a general study on related topics, read many documents and articles concerning Chinese and American cultures and campus cultures.The author also has found more resources and materials from the internet, in light of the dramatic change of science and technology.Through comparing, analyzing and reasoning, this paper is going to make clear what differences are between American and Chinese campus cultures and to give some suggestion on our campus cultural building-up.The Differences Between American and Chinese Campus

Cultures

The introduction in the first part indicates something about culture and campus culture.This part will explore the differences between Chinese and American campus cultures.The work Quality Education in America(Huang Quanyu, 1999)puts forward that American campus culture is abundance in contents, colorful in forms and useful in outcomes, which is the result in recognitions of the quality-oriented education and students’ creativities.The author of this book sets a large number of examples to represent the characters of both Chinese and American campus cultures.The aim and worthiness of my study is to compare the differences of campus culture in China and the US, to study other’s advantages and to borrow them to serve our culture so as to give more vitality to our campus culture.It is well known that there are many differences between American and Chinese culture, so it is certainly that there are many differences between two country’s campus cultures.Campus Culture is one of the most important parts in every country’s culture.American and Chinese campus cultures have their own features and characteristics, through comparing the two different cultures;we can find the core of the differences of campus cultures between America and China mainly reflected in the following aspects.2.1 American Individualism and Chinese Collectivism

Compared with Chinese campus culture, campus culture in the United States is more advocating “individualism” to publicize personality(Wang Jie, 2001:14).The impact of culture on the people is enormous, and specific campus cultural patterns will inevitably influence the students.The United States is a multi-ethnic, multi-religious and multi-cultural traditions country, which advocates the ”American spirit“ of freedom and equality, personal struggle, heroism and pragmatism.The ”American spirit“ has become a guide and basic national criterion for the awareness of cultural values, which is, undoubtedly, reflected in the ideology and philosophy of education through rich and

colorful cultural activities at campus.In the United States, most of campus culture advocates self-centered individualism and pragmatic values and the students’ living, learning and competing at campus are based on their individual ability.The equal relationship between students and teachers, the free and relaxed atmosphere in the classroom can be considered as the reflection of individualism.On the other hand, the function of the collective is very weak.By contrast, China's Campus Culture is based on collectivism which is always highlighted and it is the theme of the modern China.It advocates collectivism, and patriotism, socialism, with lofty moral concepts, the criteria of values and personality awareness, which form a specific campus spirit and cultural atmosphere, guiding students to cultivate lofty political ideals, to foster correct moral values, and to develop good habits.This is the core of our socialist outlook of values at campus.And from the works Chinese Traditional Culture and Education(Liu Xinke, 2003:47), we can know something about the traditional culture and education.Chinese traditional culture is an amazing culture, well-known all over the world, is created by the whole Chinese nation through thousands of years of development, in which education is one of the main component elements.Ways of thinking, orientations of valuing, principles of acting and theories of educating in Chinese traditional culture have their own historical and national characteristics, influencing our daily lives and restricting our education today.This is the very reason why Chinese campus culture is a typical Asian culture featuring Confucianism.And these also provide us with historical reasons and realistic sources to establish and perfect campus culture featuring Chinese characters.2.2 Differences in Cultivating Students’ Personality A significant feature of American universities is: American universities are students-centered(Mo Liyu, 2006:24).Both faculty and staff are supposed to serve their students.Students there are equal to their teachers in every way and they even enjoy more convenience.For example a faculty can get a ticket for a musical play for $15 but student can get one for half that price.Students can have access to not only faculty and staff but also the university’s recreational resources for free as well.On the contrary, Chinese

universities are still faculty-staff centered, which is due to the long history of officials being regarded superior to other people in ancient China.Comparing with Chinese universities, American universities pay more attention to the cultivation of the students’ personality(Lewis R.G& Smith D.H, 1994:54).They have always attached great importance on the concept of student-center at campus, which is beneficial for cultivating the students’ personality.It is emphasized that all the work of the university must center on the development of the students to meet their need.And the goal of every student receiving the best education must be achieved at all cost.With the help of specific and distinct cultural atmosphere at the campus s, the universities try to guide and stimulate students to develop the ability of independent thinking, calm analyzing, and independent decision-making, and to cultivate the students to be self-confident, independent, self-reliant.Influenced by such kind of educational thought and campus culture, the students develop strong awareness of competition and participation, which make the campus culture vivid and active.This awareness of active participation precisely demonstrates that American schools encourage students to develop and publicize their personality at campus.All these reflect that the campus culture of the United States encourages students to cultivate their personal characteristics.On the other hand, the education in China emphasizes on the students’ development of strict and tight spirit.It usually pays more attention to cultivating the common personality of the collective, neglecting the cultivation of the students’ individual personality.2.3 Differences in Cultivating the Students’ Creative Spirit

In American campus culture, the awareness and the spirit of innovation is always highlighted.Innovation is the soul of maintaining the eternal vitality of human beings, and the reflection of human nature.The most prominent feature of American campus culture is that American schools attach great importance on the cultivation of the students’ awareness and ability of innovation(Wang Deguang, 2003:18).It emphasizes the cultivation of the spirit of challenge, the skeptic attitude, the creation and use of knowledge, encouraging students to continue to challenge themselves to pursuit constant self-improvement.American society always give positive support to student’ active and creative ideals, and

encourage them to make more discoveries, inventions, creations, and progress, considering these to be the highest state to accomplish in their career to realize their self-value and to pursuit the freedom of their lives.The students, consequently, actively explore their creative thinking, creative ability and creative methods, which are always given high praises.In the United States, college students and teachers are often encouraged to respect the creative ideas and thinking and free expression of these ideas, to discover and learn to reason and criticize, and to take responsibility for the consequences of their actions.In addition, the management mechanism of the University in America continues to be developed, improved.The management system, academic study and culture teaching content and the students’ activities all reflected sense of innovation and the spirit of innovation.By contrast, China's school education focuses on the accumulation of knowledge and instilment of knowledge to students and teaching them to respect the authority and the knowledge.It emphasizes all-round development of students while neglecting the development of the student's personality and creative ability.In sum, this paper has demonstrated some main differences between Chinese and American campus culture in this part.As an important part of social culture, campus culture plays important role in people’s life, especially in students’ life.Because of different educational systems and different traditional cultures, the two countries have great differences.Both of them have their own features and advantage for our campus cultural construction.The Reasons that Cause the Differences

Through the analysis in the above part, the author has found some main differences between American and Chinese campus cultures.However, what causes the differences is unknown.Therefore, in order to make the readers understand the differences better, the author is going to explore some main reasons that cause the differences between American and Chinese campus cultures.3.1 Different Running Ways of Schools

Different schools run in different ways, especially the schools between China and America.Because of the different cultural backgrounds, different traditions and history, American schools and Chinese schools usually have different teaching methods, different managements and different controls by the governments, which are the main reasons that cause the differences between the two countries’ campus cultures.Firstly, American and Chinese schools have different teaching methods.(1)Chinese teaching methods: In Chinese classes, a student only sits down on his own seat quietly, transcribes the notes, answers questions of teachers, if necessary, finishes the homework, and recites the teaching materials correctly.Studying in order according to the textbooks can make him or her pass the exam very easily.(2)American teaching methods: Quite differently, American education system emphasizes leading students to think separately and to express himself or herself in all kinds of ways.In American society any information can be found in textbooks, so teachers pay more attention to help students understanding the contents of the lessons in other meaningful ways(Zhang Huiming, 2004:16).Therefore American students must take part in the discussion and answer questions actively.The discussion in class can evaluate what a person have learned and whether he is capable to talk it freely with others.The professor will ask questions frequently about the student’s opinions and share them with others.He will ask the students to take part in the discussion, answer questions and give personal ideas.In fact the performance in classes will be one part of the term scores.Moreover, American schools highly value the personal privacy.They also have a different attitude toward score.They never publish the score of students;

no matter it is good or bad.Usually they only give the average score and the number of people beyond each score line.Students in one class even do not know which classmate have a better score and which one is worse, what they can do is just guess the achievements according to the class performance.American schools usually use interesting teaching methods to enlighten students.They pay much attention to consciousness and lack the standard.It is very good for those students who love study and use brain.But many students who do not have an initiative attitude toward study in his childhood can not get an effective and standard education.Quite different from America, China has a strict and norm school management.Although this system has many problems, it makes almost every student gain a basic education in his primary education and form a good habit of studying.Secondly, American and Chinese schools have quite different managements(Huang Jungong, 2005:18).Every article mentioning the differences between American and Chinese campus culture will contrast the free management of American schools and the strict management of Chinese schools.American schools give many freedoms to students, because the human rights come first here.It’s not allowed the parents to beat or punish their children, so the schools and the teachers usually are not strict to the students, even though when someone’s score is not very high.Usually the students have more spare time than Chinese ones.So they have more problems about drugs, sex, tobacco, alcohol and other violent matters.By contrast in Chinas schools have more comprehensive management to students, so the campus is more in order.Many problem students can also improve greatly with the focal care of their teachers.The teachers usually have good methods to help them fulfill their studying goals, and catch up with others.Thirdly, American and Chinese schools are controlled by different governments.Government control has been considered to be a part of campus culture.Obviously American and Chinese government have different policies toward schools.American system is more elastic, and the government gives less control on schools.They enlist the public and private schools, which are completely against each other.There are many private schools in America competing with the public schools.Parents and students are free to decide which one to attend.Government only subsidizes those schools which are full of excellent students and teachers who have done a good job on teaching.Those schools，which no students want to attend, will go bankrupt.In order to survive in the keen competition, the schools and teachers must enlarge there acknowledge and improve the teaching methods day by day.Compared with these, the Chinese education system is a little rigid.Once an administration order is formed, it will lose a long time and never be changed easily, which is not suitable for the demands of knowledge to education.Some policies even make the schools and teachers can’t do a better job.Because it restricts many things for them and make them lose the creativity of working.3.2 Different Attitude of Students Toward Life Another reason that causes the differences is that American and Chinese students have different attitude toward life(Yang Huaizhong, 1993:76).Attitude is very important for people, especially for young students, and it plays an important role in campus cultural building-up.From the following points, we may understand this more clearly.Firstly, American and Chinese students have different attitude toward spending holidays.American students are distinct from Chinese ones because they have dissimilar schedule for their holiday.Chinese students usually take holidays by tourist, going home and studying while American students usually have a busy holiday.They must earn money to support their future study.It also shows the independence of American students.They will be self-reliant on economy from 18 years old.Having become adults, they want to live on their own and earn tuition by themselves, so most American students do spare time jobs.Compared to this, Chinese students have less pressure of life since all of their schooling will be given by family.The most important task of them is to work hard and gain good score: That is one of the reasons that Chinese schools give strict management to students.Another reason is that the parents want strict management for their children.Secondly, American and Chinese students have different attitude toward friendship.The definition of friendship is different to students of America and China.Most American students are very independent, so they can’t make deep-seated friendship with others very quickly.But they also want to have good friends.If two students have chance to talk about some interesting subjects, it’s not very difficult for them to build good relationship.While in China friendship is one of the most important parts in a person’s life.Chinese students

want to get along well with each others and most students can do this very easily.Sometimes they can make friends with others in a short time.Usually people think that the more capable a person is the more friends he should have.3.3 Different Campus Atmosphere and Studying Environment Campus atmosphere and studying environment are considered to be important parts of campus culture, also the important reasons that cause the differences between American and Chinese campus cultures(Wang Deguang, 2003:14).Firstly, American and Chinese schools have different and specific campus atmosphere.The spirit of campus is apparent in everything the student body does-from classes to clubs, from cheers to campaigning, and from celebrations to career plans.Students devote their time not only to learning, but also to the many other aspects of campus life.So everyone knows that American and Chinese campus have different atmosphere.American culture emphasizes personal dynamic role and creativity, but also cooperation and team thoughts.There are all kinds of student organization and various activities;almost every student takes part in one or more organization.American parents often encourage their children to become involved in extracurricular activities of all types at school, such as student government, sports and music.They believe that only through involvement in these activities can their children become mature young adults.Schoolwork is important, to be sure.But parents realize that the social skills their children learn from natural interaction with their peers in non-scholastic settings more closely approximate the skills they will need in the ”real world“.One part of American culture is to express oneself and publicize the individual character.Just as Bellan says: “The individualistic assumptions of their culture lead them to believe that they can live as they choose, using a big institutions—the agencies of the state, the companies or organizations they work for, the schools they attend—for their own ends, without fundamentally influenced by them(1985:236).” Influenced by it, every student thinks they are different from others, and have their own features, so they take part in activities bravely and do not care how others think about them because atmosphere here is quite loose.Other students also tread them equally and do not care about what their action because it is their freedom to do anything they want.Meantime the

atmosphere is much stricter in China.The school wants students devote most of their time on studying, so there are fewer activities.Secondly, American and Chinese students are studying in different environment.American and Chinese students have different studying environment because of the un-synchronism development of two countries.American has the most powerful economy in the world, the technology and science is also advanced, so American students have better studying environment.Nearly every American family have two computers, meanwhile in China almost one in 120 families has a computer.American students can get all kinds of information without textbooks, and Chinese students can’t do that at the same time.Dependent on the computer and calculating devices, only makes the American students have a lower ability of counting.Contrary, Chinese students have matured the intelligence with the help of mental and handing arithmetic.In summary, the author has pointed out some main reasons that cause the differences between American and Chinese campus cultures.The schools’ different teaching methods and managements, different campus atmosphere and studying environments and the students’ different attitudes toward life are the main reasons that cause the differences between the two countries campus cultures.Through analysis of these reasons, the author has made the people see the differences more clearly.The Enlightenments for Our Campus Cultural Building-up

After comparing the differences between American and Chinese campus cultures and analyzing the reason that cause the differences, we can understand the two different campus cultures better and also we can see some advantages and disadvantages of the two different cultures.We should maintain and develop the good aspects of our own campus culture and at the same time, bring in the excellent aspects of American campus culture which are beneficial to our cultural construction.Through comparing and analyzing, the author has found some useful enlightenment for our campus cultural building-up.4.1 Exerting the Guiding Role of Campus Culture and Creating a Healthy Environment for Moral Education The impact of campus environment cannot be understated, and positive and healthy environment for the moral education will exert imperceptible influence on the students and play a direct guiding role in students’ education(Zhang Huiming, 2004:36).Campus culture must play its fundamental role in guiding students and teachers to improve their ideological and moral quality and scientific and cultural quality, and thus it will create a healthy cultural atmosphere and good moral environment for moral education.In the process of campus cultural construction, American Universities have always attached great importance to moral education, although there is no national united request for moral education.However, but in the entire education there has obvious tendency of moral education.Patriotism, honesty, belief, as well as the general ethical regulations and general legal knowledge are the objectives of moral education in different types of American schools.For example, the famous Harvard University has clearly pointed out that it devotes to raise ”educated people", training students to be talents with high moral quality so as to achieve the purpose of enhancing the effectiveness of moral education.In China, campus culture is an important part of the construction of socialist culture, and the core and the first aim is to cultivate new socialist generation with ideals, moral, culture, and discipline.To create a favorable moral environment for students’ development, we should take advantage of the good aspects of the construction of campus culture, learning from the United States，because its construction of campus culture has a lot of successful and excellent experience and methods which should be taken advantage of in the process of our campus cultural building-up.4.2 Developing Students’ Personality and Cultivating Their Creative Spirit To create a successful and harmonious campus culture, we should develop students’ personality and cultivating their ability of innovation(Mo Liyu, 2006:28).In order to cultivate students, our schools should be student-centered and all work of schools and school faculty is supposed to serve the students, centering around the students to meet their need of development.Through studying at school, they can develop the ability of independent thinking, calm analyzing, and independent decision-making.We should establish and advocate a new teacher-student relationship, and create relaxed and humorous atmosphere in the classroom when teaching.We should try our best to create a good campus environment which is favorable for developing students’ personality.Innovation is very important for the development of culture and economy and we should pay high attention to stimulating cultural innovation and enhancing the vitality of cultural development.One way to invigorate campus culture is to promote innovation in its contents and forms, its structures and its mechanism.Leaning from American campus cultural building-up, we should provide a proper and favorable environment for students at campus to encourage and stimulate their creative spirit.4.3 Developing Traditional National Culture and Playing Its Potential Impact on Campus Cultural Building-up

Traditional national culture is the soil for a country and a nation to survive in this world.Therefore, campus culture must root in this soil(Gu Mingyuan, 2001:217).America and China have their own traditional national culture which has great impact on campus culture and will continue to influence the campus culture.In the United States, many colleges and universities have always attached great importance to the national traditional

culture.They make the fullest use of the campus hardware, such as the classrooms, campus construction, cultural landscape, to show the importance of national culture and campus spirit.Compared with the United States, after 5000 years of accumulation and development, China has formed a profound, long-standing traditional culture.Thousands of years of Confucian thinking and moral values are closely linked to the education, have a profound impact on contemporary students’ life in all its aspects(Zong Xu, 2006:39).Therefore we must carry on and develop the quintessence of our own traditional culture in the process of the construction of campus culture.We must combine the moral tradition with the spirit of new era in the process of building spiritual culture.Chinese tradition has been an unfailing driving force for the Chinese nation to keep its unity and make progress from generation to generation.We must have a comprehensive understanding of the traditional Chinese culture, keep its essence and discard its dross to enable it to fit in with present-day society, stay in harmony with modern civilization, keep its national characters and reflect the changes of time.We should also strengthen international cultural exchanges to draw in the fine achievement of foreign culture and enhance the influence of Chinese culture worldwide.Campus culture, as an important part of social culture, should carry and develop Chinese traditional culture in the process of cultural construction.In sum, although there are some disadvantages in the two different campus cultures, there are many good aspects which should be taken advantage of and advocated.Through analysis in this part, this paper has listed some enlightenment for our campus cultural building-up.While strengthening the cultural exchanges with American campuses to draw on the achievement of its culture, we should advocate and develop our own traditional culture in the process of campus cultural building-up to make our campus culture specific, unique and attractive.Conclusion

Up till now, this paper has given a brief summary of the main discoveries obtained from the research, and then discussed the significance of the study.Campus culture is an important part of social culture, and it plays an important role in people’s life.America and China vary in political systems, educational system, traditional cultures and historical background;as a result, they have many differences between their campus cultures, such as advocating individualism in America campus and collectivism in Chinese campus, differences in cultivating students’ personality and in developing students’ creative ability.Many reasons that cause the differences are different teaching methods at schools, different managements of school, different atmosphere of school and students’ different attitude toward life.After comparing the differences and analyzing the reasons, this paper points out some enlightenment for our campus cultural building-up.It is hoped that the study will help people in better understanding the differences between American and Chinese campus cultures, benefiting our campus cultural construction.This paper has done a detailed study with great significance.Through comparing and analyzing the differences between American and Chinese campus cultures, it will help with better understanding of campus culture.It might benefit learners of campus culture in improving their cultural awareness, and to the intercultural communication between American and Chinese people.What’s more, it will be beneficial for our campus cultural building-up.References [1] Lewis, R.G.& Smith, D.H.Total Quality in Higher Education [M].St Lucie Press.1994.[2] Maller, J.P.Cooperation and Competition: An Experimental Study in Motivation[M].New York: Teachers College of Columbia University.1992.[3] Robert, Bellah.Habits of the Heart: Individualism and Commitment in American Life

[M].Berkeley: University of California Press.1985.[4] Robert, M.Crunden.A Brief History of American Culture [M].Paragon House,New York.1994.[5] Witkin, H.& Berry, J.Psychological Differentiation in Cross-cultural Perspective [M].Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology.1996.[6] 董小川.美國文化概論[M].北京：人民教育出版社，2006.[7] 顧明遠.民族文化傳統與教育教育現代化[M].北京：北京師范大學出版社，2001.[8] 黃俊官.試論高校校園文化的建設[J].玉林：玉林師范學院學報，2005,(06):18.[9] 黃全愈.素質教育在美國[M].廣州：廣東教育出版社，1999.[10] 劉新科.中國傳統文化與教育[M].長春：東北師范大學出版社，2003.[11] 莫麗玉.中國文化與美國文化對比[J].常州：外語研究，2006,(04):24-30.[12] 王邦虎.校園文化論[M].北京：人民教育出版社，1998.[13] 王杰,張鵬.美國大學文化的特點及對我們的啟示——對美國四所大學的考察分析[J].廣西高教研究，2001,(12):14.[14] 王德廣.美國大學校園文化特點及其對我國高校的啟示[J].三峽大學學報，2003,(06):14-18.[15] 夏征農等.辭海[M].上海：上海辭書出版社，1999.[16] 楊懷中，龔貽洲.象牙塔之謎[M].北京：人民交通出版社，1993.[17] 張慧明.美國高等教育繁榮探究及對我國的啟示[J].揚州：揚州大學學報，2004,(02):16-36.[18] 宗旭.知識經濟時代我國高校校園文化建設的若干思考[J].沈陽：遼寧教育研究，2006,(01):39.

第三篇：英語畢業論文-論中西飲食文化差異

Content Abstract On Differences Between Chinese and Western Dietary Cultures Abstract Diet is absolutely necessary in the life of mankind, and even in the existence or development.Because of the differences between Chinese and western cultural traditions, the Chinese and western dietary cultures are different in concept, target, pattern, attribution and nature.We study these differences and then find out the points that can be digested, in order to facilitate the communication about cultures between China and the west.Taiwan Professor Zhang Qijun said, “The old saying, 'Eat, drink, man, woman who wishes greatly'.For such a standard fair, western culture(in particular, modern American culture)can be said to be male and female culture.But the Chinese culture can be said to be a dietary culture.“As the reason of the cultural traditions, the western lives tend to men and women, but because of the narrow gender relations, Chinese people are dumping guidance on life in the restaurants.Thus the diet is rich in culture.Food culture in the west is not developed enough, but this underdevelopment itself is the result of the development of a culture, so it is still significant to study the dietary cultures of Chinese and Western diet.By the analysis of the differences between Chinese and western dietary cultures, we can comprehend the respective cultural traditions of China and the west.And we can also improve and create the culture of China.Key Words dietary culture;cultural tradition;differences 摘 要 飲食是人類生活、生存與發展的必需，可是由于中西方文化傳統的差異，導致了中西方飲食文化在觀念、對象、方式、歸屬與性質方面產生了差異，研究這些差異，找出可以融會貫通的地方，促進中西文化交流。臺灣張起鈞教授說過“古語說‘飲食男女人之大欲存焉’。就這樣的標準而論，西方文化（特別是近代美國式的文化）可說是男女文化，而中國可說是一種飲食文化。”由于文化傳統的緣故，西方人的人生傾向男女關系，而中國人由于對男女關系的褊狹，把人生精力傾泄導向于飲食。由此賦予飲食以豐富的文化內涵，雖然飲食文化在西方不夠發達，但這種不發達本身也是一種文化發展的結果，所以對中西飲食文化的比較仍有意義。通過對中西飲食文化差異的分析，我們可以了解中西方各自的文化傳統；同時能對中國文化進行改善與創新。關鍵詞 飲食文化;文化傳統;差異 Introduction Once there is a saying that ”Food is eating well-deserved for human life”, so food is an indispensable condition for the survival and development of human beings.There are two desires in life: one is feasting them to survive;and another is the lust of men and women, which can help the mankind to carry on the family line.Facing the two desires, China pays more attention to the former, while the west tends to the latter.Such phenomenon affects the cultural trend.Diet is actually the contents of our daily lives, but why we call it culture? That is because the diet has special status in the Chinese culture, and it also has a great distinction between China and the west.As one of the world ancient nations, China’s diet has a history almost as long as that of Chinese civilization.But in western countries, ancient thinkers devoted less attention to the food problem than the Chinese philosophers did, and there is even not aware of it to the “heaven” degree.With the opposite, they recognized and interpreted the world in the perspective of the lust or love of men and women more.Whether the awareness of original sin of Christianity, Adam and Eve legend, or ancient Greek philosophy(such as Plato's dialogue)who considered the personal relationships “love” as the love of ontology of beauty, and regarded it as a reality thinking of philosophy, all these ideas become the basis of western philosophers’ cultural thoughts.All these had potential effects on the development of western culture and westerners’ characters.Receiving the influence of respective cultural tradition, the Chinese and western dietary culture has had different characteristic.The differences in concepts, targets, patterns, attribution and nature had reflected the different dietary culture in the different state characteristic;such characteristic has enriched the research value of dietary culture.Studying these cultural differences, we can find out a joint enhancing the communication between China and the west through a comprehensive study of the subject.It may be a great help to the communication of the Chinese and western cultures.I.Differences in Concepts First, the Chinese and western diet have the differences that cannot be ignored in concepts.Nobody will deny that the Western diet is a rational concept, regardless of the color of food, incense, flavor and shape, but nutrition must be assured.It cares about the intake of calories, vitamins, protein and so on during a day.Comparing with the Chinese diet, western diet tastes stereotyped, as simple as chewing the candle, but the sense tells them: We must eat them all because of the nutrition.And then they put it bluntly, just like refueling machine.The concept of western diet is compatible with the whole western philosophy.Metaphysics is the main feature of western philosophy.Such kind of philosophy brings vitality to western culture, so the natural sciences, psychology and methodology achieve a rapid development.In some other aspects, such philosophy proposition is a significantly obstacle, such as the dietary culture, which is the inevitable thing to drop behind, and just the metaphysics of methodology marks everywhere.In celebration, it stresses tableware, stresses the staple, stresses the servings, and stresses the color and shape mix of raw materials.But no matter how luxurious the grade is;from Los Angeles to New York, only one taste of steak, it is no art to speak of.And as dishes, the chicken is chicken;steak is steak, even in groups, which are also conducted in a shallow dish.In a dish of “French Muttonchops”, one side is potato mud, and muttonchops sits next to it, another side is allocation of cooking beans, and plus a few tablets of tomato.Color is on clear, but the tastes of the various materials are separated, not to reconcile, and the entire flavor is also simple and clear.Chinese diet is a sense of beauty diet.When people sample dishes, they often say this dish is “delicious”, and that dish is “not delicious”.But if you ask what is meant by “delicious”, why “tasty” and what are the aspects of “delicious”, I am afraid that it will be difficult to answer.This shows that which Chinese people hanker on a diet is just the “mood” that is difficult for one to say anything.Even using the “color, flavor, shape and implement ”which people often said to make the“ realm ”reification, I am afraid it is still difficult to crown all.The beauty pursuit of Chinese cuisine is clearly overriding the rational pursuit.This concept of diet is also coinciding with the traditional Chinese philosophy.Chinese philosophy as a representative of oriental philosophy, its distinguishing features is the macro, visual, vague and evasive.Chinese cooking method is to reconcile, and the ultimate goal is to reconcile out of a beautiful taste.The main stress is measure and the overall co1q-ordination.It contains a wealth of dialectics of Chinese philosophy, and all these depend on the degree of the wonderful flavor and harmony of dish.The ever-changing within degrees decides the changeable of Chinese food, and it also decides the characteristics of Chinese food as well as the characteristics on each of the chefs.II.Differences in targets All diet cannot be done without vegetables.The word “dish” is for the sound in China, and it always has something to do with the plants.According to a survey of western plants scholar, there are 600 varieties of vegetables, six times more than in the west.In fact, the Chinese dishes, vegetable dish is usual food.Meat dish entered the normal diet only on holidays or higher living standards, so since ancient times, and there was a saying of “fresh vegetables”.Chu ? Mandarin language: “Common people eat fresh vegetables, fish only offered in the worship.” It is said that fresh vegetables are mainly to the civilian in general, only being able to eat meat only in worship.Vegetarian diet takes the dominant position in the normal structure.Chinese people consider the vegetables as the main dish;it has inextricably linked with the advocacy of Buddhists.They deem animals as “people” and plants have “no soul.” So, they advocate vegetarianism.Westerners do not seem to have such a good habit.They uphold a cultural origin of nomadic, seafaring nation.Living mainly by fishing and hunting, collection and planting are just the complement.There are more meat dishes in their lives.Feeding, clothing, and using are taken from the animals, and even Western medicine is derived from animals.When the westerners introduce the diet characteristics of their countries, they always feel that their diet is more reasonable on the mix of nutrition than China.food industry is more developed, such as cans, fast food, although the taste is monotonous, but it saves time, and it also has good nutrition.Therefore, in their countries: people are generally healthier and taller than Chinese, and the people have strong shoulders and developed muscles;but Chinese people look short, their shoulders narrow and legs thin, their skin yellow and their body weak.The differences between Chinese and western food for Westerners to judge the merits of the two diet is not justified.Mr.Sun Yat-sen had profound study of the culture of food and incisive exposition.In his composing The Scheme for National Reconstruction, detailing the differences between Chinese and Western diet phenomenon, he concludes: “Chinese ordinary people drink green tea, and eat simple food such as vegetables and tofu for meal.Such kinds of food are the most healthy and beneficial according to the research of hygienist.Therefore, the remote people in china, whose diet are far from meat and wine, always live a long life.Also China has a big population, and Chinese people have enormous power to resist disease, but they never try the non-diet.“He added:” The Chinese vegetarians all eat tofu.Tofu is expected as the real meat in plants, as it has the nutrition that meat has.It is the meat without toxic materials.So the Chinese are vegetarian used to be a custom without the promotion of scholars.It is also a custom that the European and American drink thick Wine, eat meat and fish.So there was science promotion before and a severe law later, such as the United States Prohibition.And the transfer will not carry out in a short time.“Mr.Sun’s words tell out the scientific benefits of Chinese diet and disadvantages of Western diet.According to the characteristics of the significant differences between Chinese and Western diet targets, the Chinese character is called the plant character, while the Westerners’ is animal character.In response to the cultural behaviors, Westerners love adventure, exploration, conflict;but the Chinese people only like to live banally.According to American expert on folklore Ruth’s opinions on the ”cultural pattern“ theory, Chinese culture is quite similar to the classical world Apollo-type character and Westerners’ is similar to the modern world Faust-type.Indeed, the Westerners such as Americans in the development of the west, they put the whole family on the truck, and go out of the city in amid rumbling with the supplies.The Chinese people are always thinking about ”home“ and ”roots“, despite the promotion that young people should take the world as home.But after a few decades, the overseas Chinese will come back to the mainland with crutch to seek their roots.This concept of return and such human spirit that can only be said to cooperate with the accumulation in the diet.Then it brings cohesiveness to the Chinese nation and then makes the human folk full of energy.III.Differences in Dietary Patterns The Chinese and Western dietary patterns can be very different, and these differences affect the national character.In China, a celebration, no matter what, there will be only one form, as sitting together, sharing one feast.Banquet uses round table, which has created a unity of form, which is courtesy, comity atmosphere.Cate are in the center of the table.It is the objects for people to appreciate and taste, and it is also an intermediate of communication.People toast each other and share the vegetables, which reflect the mutual respect between people in the face of the good things, also show the virtues of comity.Although from the health point of view, this approach has obvious deficiencies, but it is in our national ”happy“ mentality, it reflects the classical Chinese philosophy area of ”and“ impact for future generations.It is helpful to facilitate the collective emotional exchanges and consequently difficult to reform.The western-style banquets, although the food and wine are very important, but in fact they are just foil.The core of Banquet is friendship, by the conversation with the guests who sitting next to achieve the purpose of recreation.If making an analogous compare between the recreation of the banquets and dancing, it may be said that the Chinese banquet is like group dance, and the western banquet is like men and women dancing.This shows that communication purpose of Chinese banquet and western banquet are very obvious.Only the Chinese banquet is more popular in the communion, but western banquet shows guests reflected in the friendship between neighbors.The more obvious differences between Chinese and western dietary patterns is buffet dinner which is popular in the West.This method is to display all food, and everybody is picking not fixed in his or her places to eat.They walk freely.This approach would provide the emotional interaction between individuals;they never need to put every word on the table.This also shows a western personality and self-respect.However, all the eating without jamming lacks the real affective tone like the Chinese people.Some people want to put the buffet in the Chinese food, but I think it is not feasible.Zhang Qijun in the Principles of Cooking tells us the main reason: ”First, buffet is not like drinking tea.Drinking tea is just the thing to you before you choose, and displayed in the cafeteria there is a large number of food to eat, so when you want to have it, it is cold yet.Chinese cuisine will serve hot, if cold, nothing to eat.Secondly, buffet dishes only can do hard dishes and beneficial dishes.Then you can access for large plots.And those most representative of the Chinese culinary arts, such as the tender and lighter dishes, are not in this show.Third, the buffet can do stewing pot;it means a big pot in terms of food.Any sophisticated cooking of a dish can only be cooked in a pot at two most, and it is not able to cook the dish for dozens of people.So it will not be delicious, never talking of the taste.Under such circumstances, it is clear that the use of buffet dinner will deny Chinese culinary arts.“The Chinese people are drinking around the table to show harmony and unity, but the buffet has broken such pattern.It raises the personal independence and self-mentioned at the first place.This is the opposite of the scale of the great unity of all Chinese traditional culture.IV.Differences in Diet Attribution There are differences between Chinese and western diet attribution.Western diet tends to be scientific and rational, but the Chinese diet tends to be art and sentimental.During the underdevelopment era of diet, these two trends have only one aim – to live and never be hungry.And when the dietary culture is full developed, the tendency is shown in this different purpose: the former is in the development of nutrition, the latter is expressed as the stress on the flavor Cooking is from diet;the origin of food is a life-sustaining nutrition.Therefore, the focus of western diet is only the extension of the original diet practicality.The emphasis on the flavor of Chinese cuisine caters the diet to the arts field.Mencius said: ”Flavor in the mouth has the same interests“.”Interests“ points out the key from nutrition to arts.Such interests are from the meaning of flavor.In China, eating is not meant to have enough.It is about nutrition.Sometimes we eat though we are full.We are overloaded with food.Why? Saying bluntly, it is to appreciate the art of cooking;and not saying it nicely, it is the temptation of ”delicious“ for the enjoyment of taste.Watching the rational diet in the west, it is not only waste, but also harmful to the men body.In fact, the herbalist doctors are also opposed to overeat, claiming ”dietary restraint“.But the dialectics tell us Chinese people, occasionally the ”overload“ and once we are comfortable, we can absorb and store.Qigong masters at the situation of non-eat and non-drink at home is still in good spirits, although their weight loses, but it is intact on the human.doctor also advocates winter nutrition.It is also in order to store for keeping energy in the coming year.Chinese people's views are more dialectical than the western diet propositions opposing overloaded stubbornly.It is closer to the science truth, and has been checked up for thousands of Chinese medicine practice.Psychologists Spinoza said: ”The desire is human nature than other.” The human desire for delicious is the nature of human beings which is fully reflected.In process of the taste enjoyment, it is imbued with the shares of élan vital.Life should not be a yoke, but also not be a repressed desire.We can not use the absolute reason to regulate the behavior of all people.On the diet, it is not the purpose of “science” and “nutrition” and some delicious are excluded from the table outside.Only delicious things can satisfy people's appetite and then give the arrival of physical and mental pleasure.Chinese diet shows the transformation about sentimental form to rational form from the old days till now, and cause the Chinese dietary culture brimming with imagination and creativity.The sensibility of Chinese culinary culture is a sublime sensibility, infiltrating rational sense, also the realization of the nature of life.In addition, gustatory enjoyment is one of the main objectives pursued of the human struggle.The art of Chinese cuisine is compatible with the development of human history in the process, more scientific than the progress of the western diet.As Zhang Qijun in his work Cooking Principles said: “The United States is unprecedented least affluent society, but till today, in essence it is still 'food to eat' stage.There are still some distances from entering the realm of art.” In China, The role of diet goes beyond the subsistence of existence, which is designed not only to have the physical presence, but also to meet people's spiritual needs for pleasure.It is positive to enrich people's life performance, and fine arts, music, literature, etc.which have the same level of significance to the improvement of life.Chinese diet tends to artistry, the so-called art realm, in fact, that is a complete leap from the necessity to freedom.It is characterized by randomness.For example, similar dishes, because of the differences in area, season, target, function and grade, it has different treatments on operation.Set braised fish for example, in winter deep colors are advised and tastes are advised strongly, but in summer it should be light color and flavor.And for the people in Zhejiang province, their dishes can be put up more sugar in the braised fish, and if facing Chuanxiang customers it should allocate spicy.It easy to see that if out of the arbitrary, there would be no cooking variety;we will lose the unique charm of Chinese cuisine.Whereas in the west, dishes in different areas and different seasons and facing different customers, is the same flavor, no changes.Although it is the most valuable banquet, which is just tableware known, conducted layout, and the vegetables remain the same as before.Moreover, as for materials, westerners think the food is to eat, eating special “hard vegetables” such as large piece of meat, chicken block.China's cuisine is “taste”.The Chinese cooking in materials has shown tremendous arbitrariness: The things which many, many westerners consider as disposable things in China are excellent raw materials.Foreign cooks are not able to deal with things, but in the hands of a Chinese chef, it can get a magic result.Chinese cuisine is evident in the wide use of materials.Besides skills, an excellent cook, of course, can do more complicated dishes.But facing the real simple materials and condiments, the cooks are often able to produce delicious flavors.It is the arbitrariness of skills.In the surface, the menu seems to be scientific.Westerners always use menu to buy ingredients to produce dishes, but in comparison, it is the machinery, and often powerless facing the complex specific situation.Of course, this mechanical science is still can be said as science, but it is primitive science, and it is not the complete science.Chinese cooking talks about artistry, but it still fit the requirements among the ever-changing, it can be said such science is a real science.The characters of western food which lacks nutrition and artistic atmosphere have great distinction from the artistic realm of Chinese cuisine.V.Differences in the Nature Differences in the nature of the Chinese and western diet are inosculated with the respective lifestyle and the pace of life.In the west, people do the duplication of pipeline operations, and implement piece-wage system, so the paces of their lives are so fast.People fall under the mechanical method either intentionally or unintentionally, and believe that “Work is work, and game is game.” Mechanical lives led to oneness of diet or a single blind about diet, and eat beefsteak and potatoes every day.Monotonous diet is the same as work, for which the purposes is to fulfill the “incident”, naturally with no interests, and all these have no word in terms of taste.But China is not, “The game is work, and the work is of a game”.Such life manner is also emerged in diet.A baker sells bread in the street, he likes using the rolling pole to beat the chopping board rhythmically when they knead flour.When the cooks fry a dish, even beating scoop, they also care the sense of rhythm during cooking.These would not work for any conveniences, but it increases the interests of workers.Only in such an atmosphere work will be meaningful, and it will have more creativity and artistry of Chinese cuisine.There still exist various differences between Chinese and western dietary cultures.But with the development of cultural communication between China and the west, along with the strengthening of communication between China and the west, China has imported various kinds of western food, known as the ”KFC“ ”DICOS“, ”McDonald“.This marks a new western dietary culture exchanges and infiltration.We believe that with the development of society, the cultural differences between Chinese and western dietary will no longer be the difference.Conclusion By the text from this thesis, we can easily find that there still exist various differences between Chinese and western dietary cultures.But with the development of cultural communication between China and the west, along with the strengthening of communication between China and the west, China has imported various kinds of western food, known as the ”KFC“ ”DICOS“, ”McDonald".These mark a new western food culture exchanges and infiltration.The impact brought about by economic globalization is stronger and deeper than the internationalization.Economic globalization is a double-edged sword, on one hand, it brings the vitality of economic growth, and on the other hand, the dominant culture is put into other countries through strong economic and infiltrated every corner of the globe.Therefore, the cultural communication focus on how to assimilate advantages of the other countries’ culture, abandon its shortcoming, and learn how to transform and make it localized, all countries need to study the issue.So in the face of the dietary cultural exchange problems between China and the West, we should find each other's advantages and draw the mutual advantages, as China can learn from the point that western diet stresses nutrition match, and make the Chinese cuisine more outstanding.China is the country of a long history with an ancient culture, and enriching in cultural traditions.She feeds the 1.3 billion Chinese people, and Chinese culture is very inclusive;in the course of development it absorbs a lot of different cultures.Moreover, now China does more efforts to draw all the outstanding achievements in the World.China's reform and opening up policy create the conditions on international relations and cultural exchanges.We need to use such an opportunity to absorb the excellent cultures from other countries, to develop and create China's new culture.This work can make the world to know China better and let China go to the world.Acknowledgements I am deeply grateful to assistant professor, Guo Jun, my tutor, to whom I owe a great deal of gratitude and appreciation.Mr.Guo gave me many invaluable instructions and helped me much in every stage of my thesis writing.And I also greatly appreciate the help coming from my respectable teachers, Professor Deng Xingyi, assistant professor, Liao Hong, Zhang Chun and Sun Peng.Moreover, my numerous thanks go to my dear friends and my lovely roommates, Wu chengying, Zou Yan and Hu Ping, who spend much time with me on my thesis.And I also want to thank my dear parents;they give me the best love and supporting for my study.Finally, I would like to offer my sincere gratitude to those who spend their precious time in reading this thesis.Bibliography [1] 安靜.解讀美國[M].北京：中國旅游出版社，2007.[2] 陳潔.得心應手---西餐禮儀[M].北京：世界知識出版社, 2005.[3] 金炳鎬.民族理論通論[M].北京:中央民族大學出版社,1994.[4] 劉枋.吃的藝術[M].山東:山東畫報出版社,2003.[5] 劉玫君，陳加真.出國點菜不求人---別人不會告訴你的旅行智慧[M].北京:中國旅游出版社，2005.[6] 馬文.哈里斯(美).好吃:食物與文化之迷[M].山東:山東畫報出版社,2001.[7] 蘇珊.羅德里格.亨特.巴黎:一席浮動的豪宴[M].北京:生活.讀書.新知三聯書店,2004.[8] 唐魯孫.天下味[M].桂林:廣西師范大學出版社,2004.[9] 王曉昕,李學友.傳統文化與道德建設[M].貴陽：貴州民族出版社,2004.[10] 蕭家成.升華的魅力---中華民族酒文化[M].北京:華齡出版社，2007.[11] 徐先玲,李祖狀.西方飲食文化[M].北京：中國戲劇出版社, 2005.[12] 徐先玲,李祖狀.中國飲食文化[M].北京：中國戲劇出版社, 2005.[13] 向世陵.中國哲學智慧[M].北京：中國人民大學出版社, 2000.[14] 殷珍泉.禮儀有學問[M].北京：北京臺海出版社, 2002.[15] 張茗陽.食物改變你的一生[M].上海:學林出版社, 2003.[16] 張志偉,歐陽謙.西方哲學智慧[M].北京：中國人民大學出版社, 2000.[17] 張起鈞.烹飪原理[M].北京: 中國輕工業出版社,2000.

第四篇：中美文化差異

中美文化差異

摘要：文化的不同，會產生思維模式的不同；思維模式的不同，又會產生行為方式和社會關系的不同。中國文化重集體，美國文化重個人；中國文化重綜合，美國文化重分析：中國與美國具有不同的風俗習慣和宗教信仰，在非言語交際上也各有不同。現在從飲食、戲劇、教育以及婚戀觀來淺析一下中美的文化差異。

關鍵詞：中國文化 美國文化 差異

一、從飲食看中美文化差異

餐飲產品由于地域特征、氣侯環境、風俗習慣等因素的影響，會出現在原料、口味、烹調方法、飲食習慣上的不同程度的差異。正是因為這些差異，餐飲產品具有了強烈的地域性。中美文化之間的差異造就了中美飲食文化的差異，而這種差異源于中西方不同的思維方式和處世哲學。中國人注重“天人合一”，美國人注重“以人為本”。這主要體現在以下兩點： 1.兩種不同的飲食觀念

對比注重“味”的中國飲食，美國是一種理性飲食觀念，不論食物的色、香、味、形如何，營養一定要得到保證，美國人講究一天要攝取多少熱量、維生素、蛋白質等等。即便口味千篇一律，也一定要吃下去——因為有營養。這一飲食觀念同美國以至于西方的整個哲學體系是相適應的。形而上學是西方哲學的主要特點。西方哲學所研究的對象為事物之理，事物之理常為形上學理，形上學理互相連貫，便結成形上哲學。

而中國人是很重視“吃”的，“民以食為天”這句諺語就說明我們把吃看得與天一樣重要。由于我們民族幾千年來都處于低下的生產力水平，人民總是吃不飽，所以才會有一種獨特的把吃看得重于一切的飲食文化，這大概是出于一種生存需要。如果一種文化把吃看成首要的事，那么就會出現兩種現象：一方面會把這種吃的功能發揮到極致，不僅維持生存，也利用它維持健康，這也就是”藥補不如食補”的文化基礎；另一方面，對吃的過份重視，會使人推崇對美味的追求。在中國，飲食的美性追求顯然壓倒了理性，這種飲食觀與中國傳統的哲學思想也是吻合的。作為東方哲學代表的中國哲學，其顯著特點是宏觀、直觀、模糊及不可捉摸。

2.飲食方式的不同

中美的飲食方式有很大不同，這種差異對民族性格也有影響。在中國，任何一個宴席，不管是什么目的，都會有一種形式，那就是大家團團圍坐，共享一席。筵席要用圓桌，這從形式上造成了一種團結、禮貌、共處的氣氛。這種飲食方式符合我們民族“大團圓”的普遍心態，反映了中國古典哲學中“和”這個范疇對后代思想的影響，便于集體的情感交流。

而美國的餐宴上，食品和酒盡管非常重要，但實際上是作為陪襯。宴會的核心在于交誼，通過與鄰座客人之間的交談，達到交誼的目的。如果將宴會的交誼性與舞蹈相類比，那么可以說，中式宴席好比是集體舞，而美國宴會好比是男女的交誼舞。由此可見，中式宴會和美國宴會交誼的目的都很明顯，只不過中式宴會更多地體現在全席的交誼，而美國宴會多體現于相鄰賓客之間的交誼。與中國飲食方式的差異更為明顯的是美國流行的自助餐。此法是：將所有食物一一陳列出來，大家各取所需，不必固定在位子上吃，走動自由，這種方式便于個人之間的情感交流，不必將所有的話擺在桌面上，也表現了美國人對個性、對自我的尊重。

二、從戲劇看中美文化差異

由于地理環境、社會的經濟、政治情況不同以及民族習慣、文化意識、藝術傳統的區別，中美戲劇在發展中走著不同的歷史道路，在內容和藝術形式上呈現出很大的差異

美國戲劇和西方戲劇是從古希臘戲劇開始的。同美國戲劇的起源相比，中國戲劇的起源是一個比較復雜的問題。中國戲劇也是起源于民間，由于它形式特殊，包括說、唱、念、打等因素，是更為綜合的藝術，因而是多源的，尋起“根”來，不像美國戲劇那么“單一”和明確。我們拿中美戲劇的起源作一比較，可以看到它們有若干不同點：第一，美國戲劇起源于祭酒神的頌歌，源頭明確；中國戲劇的起源是多源的，比較復雜；第二，美國戲劇的起源帶有濃厚的宗教色彩，神秘的、幻想的、悲劇性的基因多；中國戲劇的起源，雖也和一定的宗教儀式有關，但俳優的活動，角抵表演等卻都是娛人的，主要是現世的人的娛樂性活動，現實的、技藝性的、喜劇性的基因多；第三，美國戲劇是從歌舞演變而來，即由歌舞逐漸演變為故事表演；中國戲劇則是通過它們彼此的匯合、交織來實現。

總的來說，中美戲劇是兩種不同特質的戲劇。美國的戲劇是劇作家的劇場，劇本是整個戲劇的靈魂，有了劇本，有了演員，就可以演戲。古希臘的戲劇有對話，有合唱，演出時也需要歌隊和樂師，但音樂很簡單，戲劇的演出主要是靠演員的姿勢和聲章來表達情感，展開劇情，所以劇本中的語言因素顯得特別重要。中國戲劇是多種藝術因素的結合，包括歌唱、舞蹈、對白、武術等，演員在舞臺上表演，是這些藝術因素的綜合體現，而這些藝術因素的結合，必須在各方面都有一定藝術積累的基礎上才能實現。

三、從教育看中美文化差異

中國教育重視基礎知識的鞏固，美國教育重視創造力的培養；中國教育注重知識的灌輸和知識的熟練掌握，重視“精”和“深”，美國教育注重對知識的靈活應用，重視“廣”和“博”。

以數學教學為例，中國教育使用題海戰術，教師讓學生重復練習，直至“爐火純青”的地步；美國學校的數學教育則基本上是“點到為止”，教師一般不要求學生做完教科書上的習題，常常只要求做單數題或雙數題。中國基礎教育是訓練學生熟練掌握技巧，美國教育只是讓人明白是怎么回事，至于學生今后是否要以數學工程作為事業，則由學生今后自己去選擇，學校的教育沒有必要強迫學生把那些技術練得“爐火純青”。

所以說，中國教育是“精英”教育，把那些不能把知識學得精深的人淘汰出去。美國教育是普及與精英相結合的教育，可以讓學生自己選擇是當平民還是做“精英”。自己選擇走“精英”道路的，需要艱苦奮斗；選擇走平民道路的，接受普及教育，平平淡淡、與世無爭地接受社會生存所必需的基本知識的教育。這就是為什么很多知識的教學只是點到為止而已。這樣的教育是大眾化的平民化的教育。雖然每個美國人在16歲以前必須接受強制性的教育，但是這種大眾化的教育卻比較普及，也就是標準比較低，它適合于絕大多數學生的接受水平。這是因為中國教育資源匱乏、就業市場受限制以及人文環境諸因素的影響，所以國內的教育只能這樣“公平”地實施。中國學生在這種社會形態下沒有選擇的余地，美國學生則不同，選擇走“精英”道路的少數人，只要艱苦努力、認真學習，力求“精”“深”，同樣也能實現自己的“精英”教育。因為這是自己的選擇，沒有來自社會、家庭強制的壓力，所以有一種愉快的發自內心的動力。

中美教育除了自我的定位問題之外,在學業課程的選擇上還有很大的區別。中國教育要求數理化各科面面俱到，哪一科學得不好都有可能對人生前途造成致命的影響。美國的基礎教育在達到最基本的要求的基礎上，允許學生有較大選擇的自由。比如，一位學生對物理、化學或生物不感興趣，感覺有很大的困難，可以只選修比較基礎的課程，而選修較多的自己擅長的感興趣的課程，只選修理、化、生其中的一門，同樣可以達到高中畢業要求，也能進入頂尖大學，同樣有機會成為“精英”。

四、從婚戀觀看中美文化差異

中國人以工作的成就為重，美國人以家庭為重，這與中美的文化氛圍有關。中國社會從古到今一直倡導為集體、為國家犧牲自我,犧牲小家,媒體采訪中國名人或大人物,他們常常說事業太忙,有些人甚至一個月或者幾個月都沒有與自己的家人吃過一噸飯,更有甚者,孩子或配偶或父母生病都沒有時間去探望,這樣的行為在中國似乎人們都覺得可以理解,挺感動的,甚至覺得高尚，生活中的普通人稍有點事業也說自己很忙,沒有時間和家人在一起,當家人抱怨時,他還會理直氣壯的說,我這么辛苦還不是為了這個家? 而美國人卻以家庭為重,如果哪個人的孩子或愛人生病了,而他的丈夫卻以工作忙為借口不陪在家人身邊照顧他們的話,他們(大部分人,不含那些特殊行業的人)是會被人瞧不起的。而且他的家人也不會說出類似這樣的話：“我要支持你的事業,所以你去忙吧,我自己照顧自己”。不會，美國人包括小孩都很在乎自己的感受,在乎是否被自己的家人在意和重視,他們把家庭和事業分的很清楚.美國倡導的是 ” EVEN IF YOU ARE RUSHED OFF YOUR FEET, MAKE SURE YOU MAKE TIME FOR FAMILY”.(即使你忙的腳不沾邊,也要確信有時間與家人呆在一起.)美國人覺得工作只是謀生的手段,而只有家人才會不管你成功失敗都會陪伴在你的身邊,他們覺得和家人一起享受生活才是最幸福的事.結束語：從飲食、戲劇、教育、婚戀觀的區別我們可以窺一斑而見全豹，中美文化之間的確有很大的差別，但隨著中國加入世貿組織，逐步走向世界，各種文化也會相互滲透，所以我們要在了解本國文化的基礎上接受理解其他國家的文化，已達到更好的交流。參考文獻

[1] 吳冰 中西方文化差異拾零 閩西職業大學學報 2002 [2] 邢東 中美文化差異管窺 全國優秀英語學術論文集 1997[6] 陳

平商務禮儀

中國電影出版社

[3] 鄧炎昌，劉潤青 語言與文化[M].外國教學與研究出版社，1988 [4]賈玉新 跨文化交際學[M].上海外語教育出版社，1997 [5] 羅艷麗 從飲食文化差異透視中美核心價值觀[J].廣西青年干部學院學報，2007（2）

Abstract: Cultural differences, will have different mode of thinking;thinking of the different patterns of behavior and will be produced in different social relations.The collective weight of Chinese culture, American culture weight individuals;Chinese culture re-synthesis, re-analysis of American culture: China and the U.S.have different customs and religious beliefs, in the non-verbal communication is also different.Now from the diet, drama, education, and love and marriage to the cultural differences of China and U.S Key words: Chinese culture and cultural differences between the United States

第五篇：中美文化差異論文

從對中美家庭教育的比較看中美文化差異

家庭教育是所有教育中最早期也是最重要的一種教育形式。因為無論在哪個國家，兒童總是一個民族的希望和未來，而家庭教育對兒童思維模式和世界觀的形成都有至關重要的作用。世界上有許多不同的家庭教育方式，每種都呈現出與其文化相關的特點。以中、美文化影響下的中美家庭教育為例，兩者在家庭教育觀念、教育目的、教育方式和教育內容上都存在諸多差異。本文將從中美家庭教育的差異，產生差異的原因和不同結果等三方面展開對比。同時希望提出切實有效的建議幫助更多的兒童健康快樂成長。

一． 中美家庭教育的差異 1.教育觀念的差異

在中國，家長往往著眼于孩子的未來，他們更注重孩子能否找個好工作，能否在順境中度過一生。基于這種期望，大多數中國父母認為他們的主要責任就是盡自己最大的努力為孩子們創造優越的生活條件，為此他們愿意付出所有。基于“知識改變命運”的立場，中國父母除了關心孩子的日常生活外只關注他們的智力，希望他們一輩子都在刻苦勤奮的學習。而美國家長認為孩子的成長必須依靠自身的能力和經驗，因此更加注重培養孩子們適應環境和獨立生存的能力。還有，傳統的中國家庭教育強調仁愛與服從，他們喜歡“塑造”孩子，希望孩子按照自己的意愿去生活和發展。恰恰相反，美國孩子擁有更 多自主權，因為美國家庭更加注重公正和自由。2.教育目的的差異

家庭教育的母的是家庭教育的核心，也是覺得中美家庭教育差異的根本原因。對大多數中國家長來說，“望子成龍”是父母最殷切的希望和矢志不渝努力的方向；而美國家長則更多希望自己的孩子成為一個有能力的人。因此也就解釋了為何每年一度的高考在中國能夠引起廣泛的關注。3.教育方式的差異

不同的教育觀念和目的導致了不同的教育方式。中國家長對孩子往往實行管束性、干涉性、封閉式教育。如在生活上包辦代替，包括鼓勵孩子只要好好學習，任何家務都不需要做；在社交上過度保護，生怕孩子“學壞”，不愿意讓孩子與外界接觸；在學習上過于嚴厲，中國家長把孩子的學習成績和能否考取高等學府視為孩子成材的唯一標準，所以讓孩子們把所有時間都放在學習上，其他都是在浪費時間。4.教育內容的差異

簡單說來，中國家庭教育變成了學校教育的延伸，重視讀書，偏重智力的開發；而美國家庭則注重素質教育，讓孩子在體力、認知、語言、社會性、情感上獲得和諧發展。二． 產生差異的原因 1.歷史背景不同

中國文化歷史悠久，價值觀內斂保守，缺乏冒險精神和創 造意識；而美國是一個歷史較短的移民國家，在多元文化的影響下，能夠較快接受新的思想和文化，更富有冒險精神。2.經濟形勢不同

中國人口基數大，就業機會少，壓力大，想找到一個理想的工作很難，而好成績則是找到好工作的敲門磚；在美國，就業機會多，美國家長認為職業不分高低貴賤，只要能在社會立足即可。3.社會條件不同

截止目前，中國的社會保障和養老制度還不很完善，許多家長把孩子當做自己的私有財產，中國人的觀念認為“養兒防老”，他們也就更希望孩子有個好未來，也能更好地肩負起贍養父母的責任；而美國社會保障制度健全，不指望孩子的贍養，只希望把他們培養成一個有獨立人格和社會責任感的個體。三． 產生的不同結果

由于教育觀念、目的、方式、內容上的不同，中美家庭教育的結果自然也有明顯差異。如大多數美國孩子比中國孩子更能適應社會，面對挑戰和挫折；中國孩子獨立生活的能力不強，人機交往能力弱；而許多美國孩子缺乏贍養父母的責任感；中國家庭成員之間的關系也更加和諧親密。四． 建議

根據中國的特殊形勢，獨生子女家庭越來越多，中國家庭有必要改變傳統的教育觀念和模式，才能更有利于孩子的成長。如 更加注重培養孩子的社會責任感，獨立意識，自立能力，合作精神；在中國大力倡導和實施素質教育；同時，中美兩國在家庭教育方面還有互相借鑒學習、取長補短。