第一篇:銷售過程管理的方法
銷售過程管理的方法
企業在制定了銷售目標(包括銷售額目標、毛利目標、增加銷售網點目標、貨款完全回收目標等)后,那么實現這一目標的關鍵在兩方面,一是銷售經理要具體細致地將上述各項目標分解給業務員、經銷商,再配合各項銷售與推廣計劃,來協助業務員、經銷商完成月別、季別、年度別或產品別、地區別的銷售目標。二是要對銷售過程進行追蹤與控制,了解日常銷售工作的動態、進度,及早發現銷售活動中所出現的異常現象及問題,立即解決。也就是說,銷售過程管理的主要目的,就是要重視目標與實績之間的關系,通過對銷售過程的追蹤與監控,確保銷售目標的實現。
銷售過程管理的一大關鍵,就是要把過程管理當中的時間管理,從過去的年度追蹤細化到每月、每周甚至每日追蹤。
銷售過程管理分為:業務員與辦事處主任要進行每日追蹤(也可說是自我管理),中層主管要掌握每周進度,而高層主管則須控制每月管理,至于經營者則只要看成果即可。
業務人員在了解公司分配的銷售目標及銷售政策后,應每天制訂拜訪計劃,包括計劃拜訪的客戶及區域;拜訪的時間安排;計劃拜訪的項目或目的(開發新客戶、市場調研、收款、服務、客訴處理、訂貨或其他),這些都應在“每日拜訪計劃表”上仔細填寫。這張表須由主管核簽。
業務員在工作結束后,要將每日的出勤狀況、拜訪客戶洽談結果、客訴處理、貨款回收或訂貨目標達成的實績與比率、競爭者的市場信息、客戶反映的意見、客戶的最新動態、今日拜訪心得等資料,都填寫在“每日拜訪報告表”上,并經主管簽核、批示意見。銷售經理可以通過“客戶拜訪計劃表”,知道業務員每天要做什么;通過“每日銷售報告表”,知道業務員今天做得怎么樣。這是第一個過程管理。
在了解業務員每日銷售報告后,銷售主管應就各種目標值累計達成的進度加以追蹤,同時對今天拜訪的實績進行成果評估,并了解今日在拜訪客戶時花費的費用,以評價推銷的效率。
如有必要,應召集業務員進行個別或集體面談,以便掌握深度的、廣度的市場信息。這是第二個過程管理,也是最重要的管理內容。
業務員在拜訪客戶的過程中,會掌握許多有用的信息,如消費者對產品提出的意見、競爭對手進行的新的促銷活動或推出的新品、經銷商是否有嚴重抱怨、客戶公司的人事更動等,除了應立即填在每日拜訪表上之外,若情況嚴重并足以影響公司產品的銷售時,則應立即另外填寫市場狀況反映表或客戶投訴處理報告表,以迅速向上級報告。
各區域市場的業務主管為了讓公司掌握銷售動態,應于每周一提出銷售管理報告書,報告本周的市場狀況。其內容包括銷售目標達成、新開發客戶數、貨款回收、有效拜訪率、交易率、平均每人每周銷售額、競爭者動態、異常客戶處理、本周各式報表呈交及匯報或處理、下周目標與計劃等,這也就是中層主管的周進度控制。
業務員各種報表填寫質量與報表上交的效率,應列為業務員的考核項目,這樣才能使業務主管在過程管理與追蹤進度時面面俱到。
銷售過程管理的一個重要手段,就是銷售會議,包括早會、晚會及周會。由于業務主管需隨時掌握最新市場信息,所以早會或晚會是每天不可忽視的重點。有些公司的業務員分布于全國各地,無法每日召開早會或晚會時,應將其拜訪報告表以傳真或電話聯絡方式,隨時向公司反映。
在了解了各個業務員的工作情況后,業務主管要對那些業績差的業務員、新業務員的工作態度及效率,隨時給予指導、糾正和幫助。
總之,銷售經理若能掌握人(業務員)、事(報表及會議)、地(現象和問題)、物(產品和貨款),銷售過程管理也就做好了。
第二篇:企業銷售管理方法
企業容易出現兩個問題,一是不顧實際能力擴大投資,尤其是還沒有做穩主業就大搞多元化的企業,實際上離資金鏈斷裂已經不遠了。在外部環境突變的打擊下,可能倒閉都是遲早的事情。如在金融危機中倒閉的一些著名企業和最近溫州出現的企業倒閉和老板“跑路”**,實際都是因為內部管理不善或利潤低而對外積極擴張,同時外部資金來源斷裂造成的。二是資金回籠管理不善。這些企業的問題實際來自內部管理,因利潤率低,資金管理不當,貨款回收有問題,資金占壓在銷售環節和客戶手中,這時才需要外部資金支持,比如銀行貸款甚至高利貸。如問題得不到解決,一旦發生內部現金流枯竭,外部條件變化,不能供給資金的情況,企業的變故就發生了。比如,有的企業的應收賬款達到月銷售額的3~5倍,壞賬現象也頻繁發生。而商業上一般支付條件或合同支付條件通常是月結或2個月結算,最長的像零售行業的結算慣例也是3個月。而這些企業的應收賬款規模往往超出正常水平的一倍以上,資金都在客戶手上,自己的資金就緊張了。應收賬款高企,導致支付能力不強、資金緊張、周轉不靈和所謂資金鏈斷裂等。
Enterprise easy to appear two problems, one is regardless of the actual ability to expand investment, especially haven't made the stability greatly diversified enterprise, is in fact not far from the capital chain rupture has.Battered by mutation in the external environment, may collapse is sooner or later.Such as the collapse of some famous enterprises in the financial crisis and the recent business failures and wenzhou boss “run road”, actually all because of internal mismanagement or low profit and aggressive expansion abroad, at the same time, external financing source caused by fracture.Second, the money collecting mismanagement.These business problems from internal management actually, because of low profit margins, mismanagement of funds, there is something wrong with the payment collection, funds tie up in the sales link and clients, at this time only need external funding support, such as bank loans or loan sharks.If problem is not solved, in case of internal cash flow drying up, external conditions change, can't supply situation of funds, enterprise change happens.For example, some enterprises accounts receivable at month 3 ~ 5 times of the sales, bad phenomenon also occur frequently.The commercial or general payment terms on the contract payment terms is usually monthly settlement or 2 months, the longest as settlement practices of retail industry is 3 months.And these enterprise receivables scale are beyond normal levels of more than double, funds in the customer hands, their money is nervous.High accounts receivable, resulting in the ability to pay is not strong, money is tight, delays, and the so-called capital chain rupture, etc.因此,企業加強自身的銷售財務管理、改善自身“造血功能”,對于預防資金不足、發生資金鏈斷裂的風險非常重要。本文就以在民營企業工作的經驗作為依據,從財務管理的角度論述銷售財務管理和資金回籠對企業資金周轉的影響、解決方案和企業銷售政策的制定。
Therefore, strengthen their own sales enterprise financial management and improve their own “hematopoiesis”, for the prevention of insufficient funds, the risk of capital chain rupture is very important.In this paper, with experience working in private enterprises as the basis, sales and financial management is discussed from the Angle of financial management pays to the enterprise capital turnover, solutions, and the influence of the company sales policy.二、銷售管理不當帶來資金鏈緊張
Second, sales management lead to capital chain tension
筆者在多家外資、民營企業工作,負責財務管理達20年,經歷了所謂“黃金20年(20世紀90年代至21世紀初)”,發現民營企業個體的發展變化,結合有關報表看,有如下普遍特點:
Working in more than foreign investment, private enterprises, the writer is responsible for the financial management of 20 years, experience the so-called “golden 20 years(in the 1990 s to early 21st century)”, you will find that the development of individual private enterprises, combining with the relevant statements, has the following common characteristics:
1.企業創業之初,往往憑借高額利潤率和可靠的市場訂單為基礎,資金積累和資金周轉快速有效,創業者很少或幾乎不需要投入墊付資金,更不需要銀行等外部資金支持,資產負債表簡單、“潔凈”,資產總額不大而現金存量大,負債部分只有應付賬款項目。通俗說就是“不缺錢”,對于銷售賬款的回收管理很隨意,覺得客戶拖欠一下貨款問題不大,自己能夠承受。
1.At the beginning of the new businesses, often with high profit margins and reliable basis of market order, capital accumulation and capital turnover quickly and efficiently, entrepreneurs seldom or hardly need money paid into account, more do not need to bank and other external funding support, the balance sheet is simple, “clean”, total assets are cash and stock, only accounts payable liabilities part project.Popular said is “I don't lack of money”, for the sale of the recycling management is very casual, think the customer defaults on the payment problem, they can afford.2.幾年后,由于市場競爭的激烈和透明化,原先的高額利潤率迅速降低,客戶拖欠賬款的規模和時間越來越惡化,經營者感到資金支付的壓力越來越大。資產負債表上的資產總額看上去很大,但現金存量越來越少,應收賬款和應付賬款都越來越大,資金周轉困難,經營者對于客戶拖欠貨款感覺很為難,但又很無奈。
2.After a few years, due to fierce market competition and transparency, quickly reduce the original high profit margins, customer scale and time of delinquency is worsening, the operator feel money pay increasing pressure.Total assets on the balance sheet looks very big, but less cash inventory, accounts receivable and accounts payable are bigger and bigger, cash flow difficulties, the operator for default payment for goods customers feel very embarrassed, but very helpless.在筆者工作過的企業和平時接觸的同行及企業,幾乎都經歷過這種創業早期“不缺錢”,如今資產身家龐大,但經常為“錢”發愁的變化。這些企業,從財務的角度看,實際上就是企業利潤率從高到低、應收賬款發生從低到高的變化的過程;從管理的角度看,就是對銷售和客戶管理自始至終松懈,過去是由于資金充裕、“無所謂”,現在則是由于利潤率降低、生意難做,不敢“得罪客戶”;從資產負債表的角度來看,則是由于以上原因,賬面現金流量和存量發生從高到低的變化,從而資金充裕狀況發生極大改變。
Worked in the peace peer contact and the enterprise, almost all experienced the early “is not short of money”, now worth huge assets, but often worry about “money”.The enterprise, from the financial point of view, in fact is from high to low profit margins, accounts receivable, the process
of changing from low to high;From the management point of view, that is, to sales and customers management lax from beginning to end, the past is because flush with cash, “whatever”, now it is due to reduced profit margins, business difficult to do, dare not offend customers;From the point of view of the balance sheet, it is because of these reasons, book cash flow and stock changing from high to low, to cash-rich conditions have changed greatly.企業利潤率從創業初期的高位下降,銷售財務管理不當,應收賬款規模龐大,是當前民營企業資金困難的重要原因,需要銀行等外部幫助是其結果和解決手段。當年資金充裕的時候,管理好壞無所謂,現在資金越來越緊張,卻不敢管理了,怕得罪客戶。有統計表明,企業創業5~8年是持續發展的一個關鍵時期。筆者也發現,很多企業創業的前3~5年往往利潤率高、資金充裕,因而對于管理很松懈,但往后幾年,開始發生利潤率降低、客戶拖欠貨款越來越嚴重、經營者想提高管理水平卻受到很多牽制的現象。
Profit margins are down from their high start-up stage, sales financial mismanagement, large scale of accounts receivable, is one of the important reasons, the current financial difficulties of private enterprises need Banks such as external help is the result and solution.Was flush with cash, the management is good or not doesn't matter, now money is more and more nervous, but can't manage, afraid to offend the client.There are statistics show that the enterprise entrepreneurship 5 ~ 8 years is a crucial period of sustained development.The author also found that many businesses before 3 ~ 5 years tend to high profit margins, well-funded, thus for management is very loose, but a few years back, and began to profit margins, customer default payment for goods is more and more serious, the operator wants to raise the level of management but by many contain phenomenon.我國的銀行體系是為國有制經濟體系設計的,盡管20年來一直在不斷向民營私人經濟開放,但銀行體系真正行動起來、面向民營私人經濟服務還是近5年的事情,自然還很不足,基本上不管企業的經營資金需求,只滿足部分投資需求。所以,筆者觀察到,上述企業資金面由一開始內部很寬松到不斷緊張,變成需要外部支持的過程其實非常普遍,過去民營私人經濟都是依靠自身積累運轉,銀行金融體系是基本上不給予支持的?,F在,一方面民營私人經濟規模壯大、固定資產投資或對外投資規模擴大,資金需求多,另一方面,內部管理尤其是銷售財務管理不足,資金大量占壓,導致日常周轉都出現困難,更遑論投資資金需求了。
Our country's banking system is designed for state ownership economy, although over the past 20 years has been open to private private economy, but real action and the banking system for private services or nearly five years, private economy, naturally also is insufficient, basically no matter enterprise business capital needs, only some investment demand.So, the author observed that the enterprise financing area by internal is very easy to constant tension for a start, become need external support process is actually very common, in the past private private economy is running on its own accumulation, the bank's financial system is basically not give support.Now, on the one hand, private private economies of scale expansion, investment in fixed assets, or foreign investment scale, capital requirements, on the other hand, the internal management, especially the sales of financial management, funds tie up in great quantities, cause daily turnover is difficult, let alone money demand.三、制定銷售政策,規定客戶賬期和信用額度
Third, sales policy, customer account period and credit limit
為了做好銷售財務管理,企業有必要制定明確的銷售政策,作為銷售部門和財務部門共同做好銷售財務管理的政策依據。很多企業就是沒有這方面的管理意識,兩個部門對于客戶管理、銷售管理、應收賬款管理等非常松懈。銷售人員多半認為只要發了貨,遲早能夠收回貨款,在客戶明顯超期或超信用額度的情況下,傾向無節制地發貨,不考慮風險,導致客戶無成本地拖欠賬款,企業應收賬款規模越來越龐大,資金周轉日益困難,最后難以解決。而財務部門,則由于人員的素質水平不一,有的企業財務部能夠比較好的行使職責,主動控制客戶賬款期限和信用;有的企業財務人員則完全不具備這種管理意識。即使財務人員具備管理意識和主動性的,其管理效果也取決于經營者對此問題的認識,如老板或高層管理者不重視這個問題,則情況往往變成了財務部與銷售部門之間的“博弈”,誰的主動觀念更強、性格更強、部門地位更高,往往決定了經營者按誰的意見辦事。
To handle sales of financial management, enterprise is necessary to set clear sales policy, as a sales department and finance department to handle sales the policy basis of financial management.Many companies is that there is no this aspect of the management consciousness, the two departments for customer management, sales management, accounts receivable management, and other very lax.Sooner or later, most sales people think that as long as the goods, can recover the payment for goods, the customer are obviously or super credit conditions, tend to be unrestrained delivery, does not consider risk, lead to customer without cost default accounts, corporate accounts receivable scale is more and more large, capital turnover is becoming more and more difficult, the difficult to solve.And finance department, personnel's quality level is differ, some enterprises accounting can better exercise the duties, take the initiative to control the customer payment term and credit;Some enterprise financial personnel simply does not have this kind of management consciousness.Even has financial personnel management consciousness and initiative, its effect also depends on management operators awareness of the problem, such as a boss or senior managers do not attach importance to this problem, which is often becomes a “game” between financial department and sales department, whose active concept is stronger and stronger personality, department, position higher, often determines the operator according to the who's advice.
第三篇:銷售過程
目的:練習銷售過程核算
資料:紅光工廠2011年7月份發生有關銷售經濟業務如下:
1.向甲廠出售A產品500件,每件售價60元,增值稅稅率17%。貨款已收到存入銀行。
2.向乙公司出售B產品300件,每件售價150元,增值稅稅率17%。貨款尚未收到。
3.按出售的兩種產品的實際銷售成本轉賬(A產品每件45元,B產品每件115元)。
4.以銀行存款支付上述A、B兩種產品在銷售過程中的運輸費800元、包裝費200元。
5.結算本月份銷售機構職工工資1000元,應付職工福利費140元。
6.向丙廠出售甲材料100千克,每千克售價12元。貨款已收到,存入銀行。
7.按出售的甲材料實際銷售成本轉賬(每千克10元)。
第四篇:銷售過程
一、銷售人員對行業的認知
■推銷的重要性
■銷售人員的基本模式
■推銷的基本過程
■21世紀銷售變化的新趨勢
二、銷售人員具備的個性和知識
■銷售人員的基本品格
■掌握行業產品及行業知識 ■掌握消費者消費知識
■對客戶消費的調查及了解
三、銷售人員的有效溝通技巧
■對溝通的認識
■溝通的基本模式和構成要素
■有聲語言溝通技巧
■無聲語言溝通技巧
■空間語言
四、如何尋找目標客戶
■尋找客戶的重要性
■尋找客戶的方法
■如何提高尋找客戶的成功率
五、如何處理客戶的異議
■正確認識客戶異議
■客戶異議的類型
■客戶異議的鑒別
■異議處理的方法
■處理客戶異議的技巧
■幾種常見客戶異議處理策略
六、如何把握銷售關鍵---促成銷售
■什么是成交的信號
■促成交易的有效方法
■如何與客戶分手
七、如何建立客戶關系
■客戶關系的本質
■影響客戶關系的因素
■如何建立客戶關系
八、銷售人員的自我管理
■時間管理
■客戶分析
■銷售活動分析
■拜訪效果分析
九、特別銷售人員推銷技巧---商超銷售
■零售人員銷售的重要性
■如何迎接顧客
■如何接待不同需求的顧客
■贏得零售銷售的技巧
■銷售人員經常遇到的問題
■如何利用建議擴大銷售
第五篇:銷售過程業務
一、飛樂工廠11月份發生如下經濟業務,要求編制相關會計分錄
1、收到上月華誼工廠所欠貨款8500元,存入銀行 借:銀行存款8500
貸:應收賬款——華誼8500
2、銷售給星源工廠A產品300件,每件200元,B產品200件,每件100元,增值稅稅率17%,所有款項通過銀行收回 借:銀行存款93600 貸:主營業務收入——A產品60000
——B產品20000
應交稅費——應交增值稅(銷項稅額)13600
3、銷售給中橋工廠A產品150件,每件210元,增值稅稅率17%,收到中橋工廠開來商業承兌匯票一張 借:應收票據——中橋36855 貸:主營業務收入31500
應交稅費——應交增值稅(銷項稅額)5355
4、銷售給華亞工廠B產品50件,每件110元,增值稅率17%,貨款尚未收回 借:應收賬款——華亞6435
貸:主營業務收入5500
應交稅費——應交增值稅(銷項稅額)935
5、上月收到的商業承兌匯票到期,通過銀行取得票款15000元 借:銀行存款15000
貸:應收票據15000
6、收到銷售給華亞工廠B產品款項6435元
借:銀行存款——華亞6435 貸:應收賬款——華亞6435
7、根據合同預收樂華公司貨款150000元,款項收妥存入銀行 借:銀行存款150000
貸:預收賬款150000
8、銷售不需用的材料一批500公斤,單價20元,增值稅1700元,收到銀行承兌匯票一張 借:應收票據11700 貸:其他業務收入10000 應交稅費——應交增值稅(銷項稅額)1700
9、按合同銷售A產品1500件給樂華公司,銷售單價200元,稅率17% 借:預收賬款351000 貸:主營業務收入——A產品300000
應交稅費——應交增值稅(銷項稅額)51000
10、接銀行收款通知,收到樂華公司本月購入A產品的差額款 借:銀行存款201000 貸:預收賬款201000
11、以現金支票支付商品展覽費13000元,產品銷售運雜費56000元
借:銷售費用69000
貸:銀行存款69000
12、月末結轉已售材料成本9000元 借:其他業務成本9000
貸:原材料9000
13、月末結轉已銷A、B產品的實際生產成本,其中:A產品單位成本150元,B產品單位成本70元 借:主營業務成本——A150*(450+1500)
——B70*250 貸:庫存商品——A150*(450+1500)
——B70*250
14、按規定計算和結轉消費稅4000元,城建稅120元,教育費附加40元
借:營業稅金及附加4160 貸:應交稅費——應交消費稅4000
——應交城市維護建設稅120
——應交教育費附加40