第一篇：翻譯心得。doc

第一段的翻譯

For many years, I took the same bus at the same time every day,which enabled me to know many people from their appearances.One of the regular customers was a beautiful lady,who would not stop reading until she get off.She always hung her umbrella on the handrail near the door.She almost forgot to take it several times.A young man,who had adored her for a long time，took this opportunity to get to know her.”Your umbrella”,one day he said to her shyly.She smiled sweetly at him.我們將第一段話分成四句話，從選詞、時(shí)態(tài)和句子理解等方面對(duì)翻譯初稿進(jìn)行修改，并欣賞優(yōu)秀翻譯。

一、多少年來(lái)，我每天在同一時(shí)間搭乘公共汽車，當(dāng)然認(rèn)識(shí)了許多人的臉。For many years,I took a bus at the same time every day,which enabled me to know many people’s faces.1.時(shí)態(tài)：首先翻譯這段文字需要考慮時(shí)態(tài)。這是一個(gè)敘述的故事，用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)比較合適。

2.選詞：

（1）其次在翻譯這個(gè)句子的時(shí)候，有一個(gè)問(wèn)題困惑著我們，那就是“認(rèn)識(shí)了許多人的臉”如何表示。Face和know不搭配，可以說(shuō)know people，也可以說(shuō)see faces。漢語(yǔ)采用直接法，認(rèn)識(shí)的賓語(yǔ)是臉，英語(yǔ)采用間接法，認(rèn)識(shí)的賓語(yǔ)是人，臉只是認(rèn)識(shí)的方式，這種表達(dá)的差異在翻譯的時(shí)候需要特別注意。（2）“多少年來(lái)”這個(gè)短語(yǔ)：我們小組三個(gè)人有兩個(gè)翻譯，分別是for many years和for decades。Decade意思是十年，for decades表示是數(shù)十年來(lái)，幾十年來(lái)，不太準(zhǔn)確。

（3）每天在同一時(shí)間搭乘公共汽車，對(duì)于汽車指的是同一輛嗎？經(jīng)過(guò)討論，我們一致認(rèn)為搭乘公共汽車是narrator每天的一個(gè)習(xí)性，所以應(yīng)該該為the same bus。我們對(duì)這句話的處理，用了一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。原句簡(jiǎn)短，這樣翻譯顯得有點(diǎn)長(zhǎng)。但是這樣處理能把前后句子的聯(lián)系更緊密點(diǎn)。3.修改：

For many years, I took the same bus at the same time every day,which enabled me to know many people from their appearances.修改后的話顯然還是不盡人意，時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)過(guò)多。4.欣賞：

Every day I took the same bus at a definite time.This routine of mine over the years enabled me to know many people by sight.這個(gè)較之我們的小組的翻譯無(wú)論是在用詞上或者是句子、或者整體感覺上，都比我們小組要好。這里沒(méi)把同一時(shí)間翻譯成at the same time,不過(guò)間接的表達(dá)了這個(gè)意思。他把一句話拆成了兩句話，并且這里加入了新的內(nèi)容this routine of mine，使得句子的因果關(guān)系很明確。這個(gè)翻譯很巧妙的避開了我們之前遇到過(guò)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)過(guò)多的難題。這里用了一個(gè)詞組by sight，這就有一個(gè)隱含的意思，narrator僅僅是通過(guò)外貌認(rèn)識(shí)車上的乘客，僅僅只能認(rèn)出他們的臉，并不是了解他們的人。

二、常客之中有個(gè)美麗的女郎，一上車就看書，一直看到下車為止。

One of the regular customers was a beautiful lady.When she got on the bus,she began reading.She would stop reading until she got off.1.選詞：（1）常客，regular本身可以做名詞，我們查閱牛津詞典，它的意思是：a customer who often goes to a particular shopstore,pub etc，用在此處不合適。

（2）女郎的表示有：girl，young woman、和lady；girl：它的意思是女孩或姑娘，年齡比較小，它可表示年輕的女子，但是帶一點(diǎn)offensive；lady其中有一個(gè)意思是舉止文雅并且有教養(yǎng)的女子，a woman who is polite and well-educated,has excellent manners and always behaves well,它還有一個(gè)意思是用于稱呼或談及不認(rèn)識(shí)的女子；所以我們選用lady這個(gè)詞。

（3）not until的意思是直到...才...，這句話盡管表達(dá)了意思，但是顯得很繁瑣。中文一句話，分成了三句話。原文一句話，翻譯過(guò)來(lái)變成了三句話，不簡(jiǎn)潔。2.修改：

One of the regular customers was a beautiful lady,who would not stop reading until she get off.對(duì)原稿就行了適當(dāng)?shù)臏p譯，一下車才停止閱讀，隱含了上車就閱讀的意思。3.欣賞：

Among the regular bus-riders was a pretty young lady,who would not stop reading until it was time to get off.這里巧妙地減譯。同于常客的表示，比我們處理的要好。

三、她總是把傘掛在門邊的把手上，有幾次險(xiǎn)些忘記把傘拿走。

She always hung her umbrella on the knob near the door.She almost forgot to take it sometimes.1.句子理解：

我們需要理解一下，這里所指的把手并不是門上的把手，公交車后門的把手應(yīng)該是不能掛東西的。應(yīng)該指的是靠近門邊的欄桿。2.選詞：

（1）Knob的意思是：門或抽屜的球形把手；Handle：the part of a door,drawer or window；Holder：a thing that holds the object mentioned，支托或握持之物；Handrail指樓梯等的扶手，a long narrow bar that you can hold onto for support,for example when you are going up or down stairs。所以這個(gè)地方用handrail比較合適。用knob不合適。

（2）對(duì)于險(xiǎn)些這個(gè)詞的翻譯，我們有兩個(gè)選擇，almost和nearly，表示差不多，幾乎的意思，兩者皆可。

（3）另外對(duì)于有幾次的這個(gè)詞組的選擇，sometimes的意思是間或，有時(shí)，occasionally rather than all the time。我們認(rèn)為這里主要表達(dá)幾次的意思，否則青年和這個(gè)女郎就沒(méi)有了認(rèn)識(shí)的機(jī)會(huì)，也就沒(méi)有了下文的敘述。所以換用 several times或著a few times類似的頻率副詞。3.修改：

She always hung her umbrella on the handrail near the door.She almost forgot to take it several times.4.欣賞：

Whenever she carried an umbrella she habitually hung it on the handrail near the bus door.On several occasions she almost forgot it when she was about to leave.這用的處理顯然要高明的多。加了一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句，顯的不那么突兀，很自然的過(guò)度。對(duì)于總是這個(gè)詞的翻譯，它巧妙的做了一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)化。后面一句話，它也加了一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，使句子意思跟完整和自然。

四、有個(gè)青年已經(jīng)對(duì)她傾慕很久，這把傘給了他跟她說(shuō)話的機(jī)會(huì)。“你忘記拿傘了，”有一天他靦腆地對(duì)她說(shuō)。她嫣然一笑。

There was a young man who always adored her.The umbrella provided a opportunity for the man to talk with her.”You forget to take the umbrella.”O(jiān)ne day he said shyly.She smiled.這是我翻譯的初稿，對(duì)于自己的翻譯，小組給出的評(píng)價(jià)是：只是達(dá)到了最簡(jiǎn)單的信。1.選詞：（1）“傾慕：這里我們自然而然地想到兩個(gè)詞，admire和adore。Admire是欽佩，贊賞，羨慕，例如，I really admire your enthusiasm。Adore是熱愛，愛慕（某人）to love sb very much。當(dāng)然這里顯然應(yīng)該用adore。

（2）機(jī)會(huì)：chance是機(jī)會(huì)，機(jī)遇，時(shí)機(jī)，a suitable time or situation when you have the opportunity to do something，opportunity是指a time when a particular situation makes it possible to do or achieve something。這與這兩者的區(qū)別，我們認(rèn)為chance主要用以指一種僥幸的或偶然的機(jī)會(huì)，而opportunity它用以指一種便于行事的時(shí)機(jī)，尤其指某種符合人們的意向，目的或希望的事情的時(shí)機(jī)，選擇opportunity更為恰當(dāng)一點(diǎn)。（3)“靦腆地”，這時(shí)候浮現(xiàn)在我們腦海里的是這幾個(gè)詞：bashful，是指羞怯的，忸怩的；shy是指顯得靦腆的，顯得羞怯的，show that sb is nervous or embarrassed about meeting and speaking to other people ；timidly是羞怯的，膽怯的，缺乏勇氣的，shy and nervous，not brave。根據(jù)這幾個(gè)詞的意思來(lái)看，用timidly和shyly都可以，但是timidly強(qiáng)調(diào)不都勇敢，膽怯的，我們認(rèn)為shyly更為恰當(dāng)一點(diǎn)。（4）嫣然一詞在漢語(yǔ)里是1.美貌。2.嬌媚的笑態(tài)。笑得很美的樣子（指女性）。形容女子笑得很美。出處戰(zhàn)國(guó)楚·宋玉《登徒子好色賦》：“嫣然一笑，惑陽(yáng)城”。這里我們翻譯成sweetly，指“令人愉快的，可愛的”。2.時(shí)態(tài)：另外這里還涉及一個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)問(wèn)題，”傾慕已久“。本段我們用的都是過(guò)去時(shí)，那么這里我們認(rèn)為用過(guò)去完成時(shí)更好。3.減譯：

我們?cè)倩氐椒g的初稿。一字一句的對(duì)譯過(guò)來(lái)，顯得很生硬。故事發(fā)展到這里，給讀者的感覺應(yīng)該是浪漫的。我們覺得可以省略青年說(shuō)話的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)，變成your umbrella。4.修改：

A young man,who had adored her for a long time，took this opportunity to get to know her.”Your umbrella”,one day he said to her shyly.She smiled sweetly at him.我們把說(shuō)話的機(jī)會(huì)，轉(zhuǎn)變了認(rèn)識(shí)的意思，顯的不那么生硬。在青年說(shuō)話和女郎嫣然一笑的的后面加了介詞的短語(yǔ)。5.欣賞：

A young man,her secret lover,took such an opportunity to address her timidly.”Your umbrella,miss.”She look around and smiled at him winsomely.這個(gè)翻譯做了巧妙的處理。它把漢語(yǔ)的一個(gè)句子翻譯成了一個(gè)短語(yǔ)，加了一個(gè)secret，表明青年此時(shí)還在心里傾慕。另外它加上稱呼，Miss是英語(yǔ)表達(dá)的需要，在這種場(chǎng)合，這種表達(dá)很恰當(dāng)。這里Address是稱呼（某人）的意思.。另外它還加了一個(gè)look around的短語(yǔ)，給了讀者更加豐富的想象空間。winsome是：討人喜歡的，惹人喜愛的，楚楚動(dòng)人的，pleasant and attractive，比sweetly恰當(dāng)許多。這樣的翻譯，瞬間給讀者提供了一個(gè)聯(lián)想，一個(gè)浪漫的故事情節(jié)，而不僅僅是簡(jiǎn)單的翻譯。

他們就這樣認(rèn)識(shí)了，這一句在整篇文章中起到承上啟下的作用，就這樣三個(gè)字有順承的意味。六句話有很多時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，比如后來(lái)有幾個(gè)星期、又過(guò)了幾個(gè)月、以前、婚后、直到有一天、過(guò)去。從內(nèi)容上來(lái)看，這一段主要描繪了這對(duì)青年男女從了解到熟識(shí)、結(jié)婚，再到感情淡然以及最后的冷漠的過(guò)程。

They were thus acquainted.In the following weeks,I saw they sit together chatting cheerfuly.Months later,the wedding rings appeared glistening on their fingers.But they were not as talktive as before.Their chatting was replaced by reading, one with a book and the other a newspaper.I had never noticed that what degree their relationship had changed to after their marrige.Until one day,she forgot to take the umbrella again.“Your umbrella!’’her husband called her without patience, which was totally different with his tender attitude in the past.1他們就這樣認(rèn)識(shí)了。

在我們討論的時(shí)候有分歧的是動(dòng)詞的選擇，know表示的是To have information in your mind as a result of experience or because you have learnt，表示已經(jīng)知道的事，放在這里并不是很合適，在這里我們要選用一個(gè)表示從不認(rèn)識(shí)到認(rèn)識(shí)的過(guò)程的動(dòng)詞，familiar表示的是Well known to you;often seen or heard and therefore easy to recognize.，非常了解才用familiar.而aquaintant表示的是是自己去熟悉某種事物或某個(gè)人，所以這里用aquaintant比較合適。最終我們選擇第三種方式，詞匯不多，簡(jiǎn)練而且能達(dá)到所要表達(dá)的效果。

2后來(lái)幾個(gè)星期，有幾次我看見他們坐在一起，談得很起勁。

在分析該句的時(shí)候，首先是他的狀語(yǔ)部分----后來(lái)有幾個(gè)星期、有幾次等，狀語(yǔ)很多。但是該劇主要表達(dá)的意思就是他們?cè)谝黄鹫劦煤荛_心，這對(duì)男女對(duì)彼此很感興趣所以聊得很起勁。在翻譯的時(shí)候我們感受最多的還有漢語(yǔ)的句子和英語(yǔ)句子的構(gòu)建有很大不同，有時(shí)漢語(yǔ)說(shuō)得很多，但只需要一句英語(yǔ)就能把含義表達(dá)的淋漓盡致，比如這一句，在這一句里主要發(fā)生兩個(gè)動(dòng)作，一個(gè)是坐在一起，另一個(gè)是談得很起勁，第一種翻譯是將兩種動(dòng)作并列起來(lái)，完全的漢語(yǔ)式翻譯，第二種是將第二種動(dòng)作變成Ing形式做第一種動(dòng)作的伴隨狀語(yǔ)，表達(dá)非常生動(dòng)，有的認(rèn)為談得很起勁用talk happily---談得很開心,還有的認(rèn)為是 chatting cheerfuly----聊天聊得很嗨，對(duì)比一下我們選區(qū)后者。

? In the following weeks,I saw they sit together chatting cheerfuly.3又過(guò)了幾個(gè)月，我看見他們手上戴了結(jié)婚戒指。

順著文章的意思，我們大多數(shù)都會(huì)說(shuō)I saw they wear their rings on fingers.或者I noticed their wedding rings on their hands.但是我們查了一些資料，但是英國(guó)人的說(shuō)話習(xí)慣是把事物做主語(yǔ)，ring or wedding ring? 在這里作者主要想表達(dá)的是在甜蜜的愛情的催使下他們結(jié)婚了，所以我們選擇用wedding ring，因?yàn)閞ing本身沒(méi)有結(jié)婚戒指的意思，它的意思僅限于戒指，指環(huán)。這里加了一個(gè)glistering 閃閃發(fā)光 來(lái)修飾，更能表現(xiàn)出兩個(gè)人的感情線已經(jīng)走到的極至，所以這一句定為Months later,the wedding rings appeared glistening on their fingers.4可是他們不像以前那樣健談了，她又在看書，他在看報(bào)。

? 在分析這一句的時(shí)候我們主要關(guān)注的是兩個(gè)人態(tài)度的轉(zhuǎn)變，以前兩個(gè)人健談的畫面被讀書和讀報(bào)所取代，But they were considerably less talkative than before.我們用talktive 表達(dá)健談的含義，而她又在看書，他在看報(bào)合并成一句，the chatting was replaced by reading,one with a book and the other a newspaper.5我始終沒(méi)注意到兩人關(guān)系已改變到什么地步，直到有一天她又忘記了拿傘。? I had never noticed that what degree their relationship had changed to.Until one day,she forgot to take the umbrella again.由于他說(shuō)的內(nèi)容很多包括關(guān)系的改變和忘記帶傘，所以這一句我們分為兩句來(lái)翻譯，從內(nèi)容上來(lái)看重點(diǎn)在改變一詞上，change to what extent 還是change to ……degree？經(jīng)過(guò)差牛津字典，在這里extent與degree沒(méi)有較大的差別。

6“你的傘！”她丈夫不耐煩地叫到——跟過(guò)去的溫柔的態(tài)度完全不同了。

Your umbrella!’’her husband called her

without patience, which was totally different with his tender attitude in the past.called her without patience 或unpatiently 都可以，在這里我們用定語(yǔ)從句來(lái)引導(dǎo)破折號(hào)的內(nèi)容，溫柔 tender + 話語(yǔ)、表情、吻，表示有愛意的溫柔。Gentle 指的是溫文爾雅比如胡曉東老師那種禮貌性質(zhì)的溫柔。

今天我們小組所要講述的內(nèi)容為3.5 翻譯加評(píng)述。

所謂翻譯加評(píng)述，簡(jiǎn)而言之，便是翻譯加上讀后感。而讀后感則是我們對(duì)自己翻譯作品的質(zhì)量、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、過(guò)程和方法進(jìn)行總結(jié)、反思和評(píng)價(jià)。

我們作為英語(yǔ)專業(yè)的學(xué)生，翻譯是學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中必然會(huì)經(jīng)歷的一個(gè)過(guò)程。很多時(shí)候，我們是為了翻譯而翻譯，很少會(huì)細(xì)致地對(duì)這個(gè)翻譯過(guò)程進(jìn)行思考，因此我們對(duì)翻譯質(zhì)量、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、過(guò)程和方法往往缺乏認(rèn)識(shí)，對(duì)自己的翻譯不能做出準(zhǔn)確合理的評(píng)價(jià)。會(huì)出現(xiàn)這樣的狀況，主要原因是，我們往往只是關(guān)注翻譯文本這個(gè)行為，而缺少了對(duì)自己譯作的總結(jié)、反思和評(píng)價(jià)，僅僅注重了翻譯的內(nèi)容，而忽視了翻譯的過(guò)程。為了對(duì)翻譯能夠有進(jìn)一步的認(rèn)識(shí)，在3.5章節(jié)的指引下，我們翻譯了《愛情故事》這個(gè)短小的篇章，在這一次的翻譯中，通過(guò)個(gè)人翻譯和小組討論，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)在詞匯選擇、句式理解和漢英差異等方面上，出現(xiàn)了一些把握不準(zhǔn)的地方或是需要深入思考的問(wèn)題。

接下來(lái)我們會(huì)從詞匯選擇、句式理解和漢英差異三個(gè)方面，分別對(duì)這兩段進(jìn)行解析，講述我們?cè)诜g過(guò)程中所遇到的問(wèn)題，以及我們討論的結(jié)果和我們的理解。最后將對(duì)文本的分析分類，并分享我們的譯后感。1.詞匯選擇。

在翻譯這兩段文字當(dāng)中，我們感觸最深的是對(duì)于詞匯的選擇問(wèn)題。正如大家再之前所看到的，雖然這是一篇很短小的文章，但是細(xì)細(xì)分析來(lái)看，每一個(gè)的選詞還是各有不同的，正如我們之前所提及的，像是“多少年來(lái)”、“常客”、“女郎”、“門把”、“靦腆”等諸多詞匯，看起來(lái)簡(jiǎn)單，我們也總會(huì)用到，但是每個(gè)詞之間都還是會(huì)有細(xì)微的差別的。不同語(yǔ)境、不同情感，所選的詞也不同。

2、句式理解。

在句式理解方面，有些句子一眼乍看，我們心里便會(huì)有一個(gè)翻譯的樣式，但是如果回過(guò)頭再細(xì)細(xì)讀，則會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)它本身也有自身的邏輯，正如每天搭乘公共汽車，可能乍看，會(huì)認(rèn)為是take a bus，但是根據(jù)我們對(duì)冠詞的理解，在這個(gè)，take the bus可能會(huì)更合適一些。

有些中文表達(dá)中像是“一上車就看書，一直看到下車為止”，對(duì)于我們來(lái)說(shuō)是很自然的，但是如果翻譯成英語(yǔ)，直譯的話則會(huì)顯得很拖拉，放置在英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)境下，用not...until將兩個(gè)短劇連接在一起則能顯得清晰明了些。

再如，有些語(yǔ)句放在中文環(huán)境里，聯(lián)系上下文很自然我們就能理解。但是如果是在譯文當(dāng)中，如果能夠適當(dāng)?shù)奶砩弦恍钫Z(yǔ)，則能夠使文章的邏輯更加通順，不突兀，前邊提到的whenever she carried an umbrella.就是個(gè)很好的例子。

3、漢英差異

在翻譯中往往令對(duì)方看不懂的，有一部分就是漢英差異。這也是我們?cè)诜g中所得出的很深刻的感受。

正如例文里所表達(dá)的，有些詞匯搭配在一起，在我們看來(lái)是司空見慣的，但是在英文里則要轉(zhuǎn)變一種表達(dá)方式，才能更加適合英語(yǔ)的表達(dá)環(huán)境。

因?yàn)橹袊?guó)人認(rèn)識(shí)世界時(shí)注重直觀感受與切身體會(huì)，對(duì)事物喜歡作整體的關(guān)照和“即事見理”式的品味。而英美人受“直線式”思維的影響，直截了當(dāng)，先表明自己的觀點(diǎn)、看法或態(tài)度。所以我們?cè)诜g的時(shí)候要適當(dāng)轉(zhuǎn)變一下我們的表達(dá)方式，使譯文能夠更融入目的語(yǔ)的文化背景，使他們能夠更好的理解譯文，就如我們將詞句中的賓語(yǔ)，在翻譯中選作主語(yǔ)一樣。這樣更能適應(yīng)目的語(yǔ)的思維方式。

4、總體評(píng)價(jià)。a.合作。

集思廣益確實(shí)是比單槍匹馬成效顯著。因?yàn)樵谖覀冏约悍g的過(guò)程中，我們會(huì)意識(shí)到有些地方很難處理，在反思中還是會(huì)有理解不準(zhǔn)的地方，但是有了溝通和交流，想法的交換，我們對(duì)于原文及譯文就能夠有更深刻的理解了。

并且取長(zhǎng)補(bǔ)短也是合作的優(yōu)勢(shì)之一。在我們的翻譯中有及突出“信”，也有對(duì)情感的理解非常深刻的。因此相互合作能實(shí)現(xiàn)多方面更好的平衡。b.不足。

最突出的仍然是詞匯量積累太少，對(duì)字典、詞典的依賴感很強(qiáng)，以及對(duì)于文本或是目的語(yǔ)的文化背景不夠了解，還有翻譯理論方法的積累和時(shí)間經(jīng)驗(yàn)都不夠。以后我們還會(huì)遇到更多種類型的翻譯題材，例如歌詞，詩(shī)歌，散文等，以后還需更加努力，與大家一同共勉。

第二篇：翻譯心得

翻譯心得

每次做翻譯作業(yè)，都感覺是一次巨大的挑戰(zhàn)，這次拿到范文后，我還是按照原來(lái)的步驟，把所有的生單詞劃了出來(lái)，然后依次查清意思，但是翻譯始終是一個(gè)長(zhǎng)期而又復(fù)雜的工作。每次翻譯過(guò)程中都會(huì)遇到這種情況，就是把各個(gè)單詞的意思搭配起來(lái)還是不夠通順，不夠完美。這時(shí)候會(huì)涉及到詞語(yǔ)的引申，需要擺脫詞語(yǔ)的原有釋義，把句子組合的最佳意思表達(dá)出來(lái)。

從題目的翻譯開始，Texting Makes U Stupid，標(biāo)題的翻譯一定要明確簡(jiǎn)潔，還要能夠吸引讀者有閱讀的興趣，這是從翻譯課上學(xué)到的注意事項(xiàng)。標(biāo)題翻譯的好不好，一定程度上決定了翻譯的成功率。在翻譯題目的時(shí)候，此次翻譯負(fù)責(zé)人翻譯的題目是短信愚弄人生，我個(gè)人覺得這個(gè)題目有點(diǎn)不適合，U翻譯成人生我覺得不恰當(dāng)，我的個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)是譯成短信使人愚鈍，經(jīng)過(guò)和翻譯負(fù)責(zé)人和成員討論，最終決定用這個(gè)題目。在第一段中，我始終弄不通順句子：have teenage kids，如果翻譯“青少年孩子”放入句子里還是覺得不通順，討論后還是沒(méi)能達(dá)成一致，希望可以借鑒大家的翻譯，重點(diǎn)注意一下。還有show a teenage Botticelli’s Adoration of the Magi，突然在那句話中出現(xiàn)，不知道如何讓翻譯，可以讓上下文看起來(lái)自然流暢，這種情況在本文中還有出現(xiàn)。我會(huì)在老師講解時(shí)注意句子的翻譯。其中在翻譯十一本書名的時(shí)候明顯覺得自己的知識(shí)量和閱讀量很差很差，完全需要借助網(wǎng)絡(luò)來(lái)查詢，翻譯著文章，理解著文章的意思，自己也有深深的感觸。

在這個(gè)信息時(shí)代，手機(jī)幾乎成為必不可少的通訊工具，人們也對(duì)手機(jī)造成了很大的依賴。我們的生活中缺少精神文化生活，相反的，虛擬的東西占據(jù)的比例越來(lái)越大。讀書是攝取知識(shí)的主要的途徑，而且文章中闡述的情況跟我們現(xiàn)實(shí)生活十分貼切，經(jīng)過(guò)翻譯這篇文章后，我也有了較大感觸，自己平時(shí)不愛讀書，知識(shí)量很少，在翻譯過(guò)程中，從詞匯量和邏輯語(yǔ)序上，自己覺得能力欠缺很大。對(duì)自己的生活狀態(tài)和生活方式感到愧疚和不安，我們從翻譯過(guò)程中能夠?qū)W到能力之外的東西。

而且，通過(guò)這幾次翻譯作業(yè)，我覺得翻譯需要的文學(xué)功底也很高，有時(shí)候過(guò)于口語(yǔ)化會(huì)使文章整體質(zhì)量下降，一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的句子，看看別人或是翻譯大家的翻譯，讀起來(lái)朗朗上口，還能清楚準(zhǔn)確地表達(dá)句意，自己翻譯的時(shí)候，總會(huì)為了更好地調(diào)整語(yǔ)序而發(fā)愁，為了找到合適的漢語(yǔ)詞語(yǔ)并清楚表達(dá)意思而苦惱。在這次翻譯中，我這種感受更加強(qiáng)烈，語(yǔ)言本身是一個(gè)艱巨的過(guò)程，有很多俚語(yǔ)或是固定的表達(dá)，我們通常不清楚，甚至?xí)霈F(xiàn)笑話。本文章中，如throw stones in a glass house，自己翻譯的時(shí)候直接譯成在玻璃的屋子里扔石頭，后來(lái)才了解到這指的是自己有毛病還去指責(zé)別人的人。所以我們需要做的不僅僅是查查生單詞，交作業(yè)，我們還要記住這些固定搭配，做好長(zhǎng)期的積累，下次遇到的時(shí)候能夠順利翻譯出正確的意思。

還有一點(diǎn)就是，小組成員討論的確會(huì)使效率大大提高，大家的結(jié)果才是較好的，每個(gè)人發(fā)揮自己翻譯中的優(yōu)勢(shì)，經(jīng)過(guò)討論，把大家的優(yōu)勢(shì)集中到一起，譯文當(dāng)然會(huì)更好，但是由于宿舍和班級(jí)分配情況，翻譯小組的人數(shù)最少應(yīng)該有四個(gè)人，以致達(dá)到更好的效果，我們需要堅(jiān)持小組討論，積極交流個(gè)人的意見和觀點(diǎn)，把好的部分集中到一起，這樣一直堅(jiān)持下去才能夠提高大家整體的翻譯水平。

以上是在翻譯過(guò)程中得到的感悟和自己的想法。在今后的翻譯課程上，我會(huì)更加注重翻譯經(jīng)驗(yàn)的積累，詞匯的積累，希望翻譯能夠做的更好。

第三篇：翻譯心得

近日，慵懶無(wú)度，優(yōu)酷視頻上找微電影、創(chuàng)意電影看啊，點(diǎn)了芝麻翻譯，以為是很火的一個(gè)娛樂(lè)節(jié)目，發(fā)現(xiàn)卻是一個(gè)多語(yǔ)言翻譯軟件，嘗試看了一下，吸引我去下載的初始原因是這款翻譯軟件長(zhǎng)相可愛，視頻上面提供了內(nèi)測(cè)群。用了下，發(fā)現(xiàn)還真的有所新體驗(yàn)。顛覆了原先谷歌翻譯和有道翻譯等傳統(tǒng)翻譯軟件的翻譯使用習(xí)慣。

簡(jiǎn)單說(shuō)一下體驗(yàn)心得：

（1）前所未聞的拖拽模式

? 芝麻翻譯 ：可以直接支持2007版本以上的word、PPT、TXT文檔，只需完成拖拽到芝

麻翻譯 軟件中，分分鐘就可以出現(xiàn)了目標(biāo)語(yǔ)言版的文檔，而且格式還不變，真的是顛覆了我三觀，大跌我眼鏡。

? 傳統(tǒng)軟件：將文檔打開，復(fù)制需要翻譯內(nèi)容粘貼到翻譯軟件中，得出目標(biāo)語(yǔ)言后，在復(fù)

制軟件中內(nèi)容，粘貼到word中，準(zhǔn)確度不說(shuō)，完成這樣的一個(gè)翻譯過(guò)程，需要CTRL+C，和CTRL+V分別兩次。粘貼到目標(biāo)文檔的語(yǔ)言格式還需要調(diào)整。

總結(jié)：既然準(zhǔn)確度是每家公司使命級(jí)任務(wù)時(shí)，那么用戶使用便捷性應(yīng)該是觸手可及的任務(wù)吧。芝麻翻譯 居然做到了，這也算超越吧！

（2）學(xué)習(xí)模式

加了內(nèi)測(cè)群之后，與公司技術(shù)大牛互動(dòng)，得知原來(lái)這款軟件在準(zhǔn)確度上還是有所突破的，里面內(nèi)嵌一個(gè)編輯功能，使用軟件過(guò)程中，發(fā)現(xiàn)翻譯錯(cuò)誤可以直接較錯(cuò)，更改好后的文檔直接使用，與此同時(shí)，用戶修改好的后的正確語(yǔ)句會(huì)存在個(gè)人庫(kù)里面，下次翻譯到類似語(yǔ)句時(shí)，就會(huì)出現(xiàn)正確的句子。我描述的不是很清楚，但個(gè)人覺得真心很贊！

總結(jié)：很期待芝麻翻譯 上市呀，以后老師再讓發(fā)表英文版小論文時(shí)，就爽歪歪了，我可以直接拖拽就成了一篇英文文章。吼吼，你擁有這款軟件，你老師ZiDao嗎？

（3）聊天模式

之前去過(guò)韓國(guó)，結(jié)識(shí)了幾位韓國(guó)oba,嘿，真洋氣，韓國(guó)oba居然也上QQ。問(wèn)他為什么，他說(shuō)周圍有很多中國(guó)留學(xué)生。好吧！我想學(xué)韓文，他想學(xué)中文，這個(gè)芝麻翻譯 軟件好，可以支持雙語(yǔ)模式，我以后跟oba聊天再也不用復(fù)制粘貼去查詢那些韓語(yǔ)是什么意思了。直接開啟芝麻翻譯 軟件的這個(gè)聊天模式，我輸入中文，點(diǎn)擊回車。就會(huì)自動(dòng)出現(xiàn)中文和韓文雙語(yǔ)出現(xiàn)在消息框了！如果你不認(rèn)識(shí)韓國(guó)oba，也沒(méi)事，你可以去認(rèn)識(shí)美國(guó)的，日本的，西班牙的，阿拉伯的obas，因?yàn)榭梢灾С?2種語(yǔ)言。

看到群上說(shuō)還有很多功能呢，啊哦，還能在寫英文的時(shí)候，忽然不記得個(gè)別單詞怎么寫，在word中直接寫中文，復(fù)制拖拽到芝麻翻譯 的懸浮窗那里，英文即可浮現(xiàn)在word中，又是一個(gè)減少CTRL+C、CTRL+V的節(jié)奏！

好吧，科技改變生活，走在世界前沿的人永遠(yuǎn)在推動(dòng)著科技進(jìn)步，善于挖掘用戶需求。

第四篇：翻譯心得

翻譯心得

自從進(jìn)入到黑大開始學(xué)習(xí)俄語(yǔ)翻譯，慢慢的我發(fā)現(xiàn)俄語(yǔ)越來(lái)越難，這是以往在大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中沒(méi)有過(guò)的感覺。原因可能是首先本科的學(xué)習(xí)本來(lái)就是機(jī)械性記憶，本科的任務(wù)就是背單詞，記住語(yǔ)法關(guān)系，然后按照語(yǔ)法關(guān)系造出幾句簡(jiǎn)單的俄語(yǔ)句子，所以那時(shí)我對(duì)俄語(yǔ)的感覺就是這門語(yǔ)言其實(shí)并不難。其次是因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在的學(xué)習(xí)完全不同于機(jī)械的記憶，翻譯的過(guò)程中要思考。這又涉及到了人們的思維各有不同，以及生活閱歷不同對(duì)一句話的理解也有差異。思考的過(guò)程又涉及到很多方面，所以我覺得翻譯真的不是一件容易的事。

要想把東西翻譯好，翻譯的漂亮這并不是一般人能做到的，這里先講一下由母語(yǔ)翻譯到外文的過(guò)程。它要求你除了要在掌握良好的俄語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)法之外，你首先必須有對(duì)俄語(yǔ)這門語(yǔ)言的感覺。這是人們通常所說(shuō)的對(duì)一門語(yǔ)言的語(yǔ)感。這種感覺是日積月累主動(dòng)接觸這種語(yǔ)言，而這種語(yǔ)言對(duì)你的潛移默化所形成的。這種潛移默化因人而異，所以從一個(gè)方面影響著我們的俄語(yǔ)水平，也就影響著我們的翻譯質(zhì)量。這個(gè)問(wèn)題其實(shí)在本科時(shí)寫俄語(yǔ)作文，老師只要簡(jiǎn)單的閱讀一下每位同學(xué)的文章，那么很自然的就能分出學(xué)生的水平差異。好的文章，自然流暢，對(duì)外文的表達(dá)地道貼切，如果質(zhì)量不好的，你會(huì)明顯感覺到這是一種漢語(yǔ)式的表達(dá)，完全按照漢語(yǔ)的思維轉(zhuǎn)換過(guò)去，讀起來(lái)會(huì)很生硬。自己的語(yǔ)感還不是很強(qiáng)，意識(shí)到這個(gè)問(wèn)題之后，我覺得自己在開始學(xué)習(xí)如何把翻譯做好之前，首先應(yīng)該繼續(xù)加強(qiáng)自己對(duì)這種語(yǔ)言的語(yǔ)感。多閱讀俄語(yǔ)原文，多背誦俄語(yǔ)美文。多留心一些地道的俄漢語(yǔ)表達(dá)。這種過(guò)程很漫長(zhǎng)，我需要努力。畢竟這不是母語(yǔ)，沒(méi)有母語(yǔ)這種先天的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境，有書中說(shuō)我們每天腦中對(duì)母語(yǔ)的文字處理量要達(dá)道道到5萬(wàn)字以上，包括你每天聽到的聲音，每天閱讀的文字，說(shuō)話時(shí)大腦思維對(duì)文字處理等等。而對(duì)于外語(yǔ)來(lái)說(shuō)想要達(dá)到母語(yǔ)這種信息處理量十分困難的事情，所以我要在這方面不斷地要求自己，盡可能主動(dòng)的接觸俄語(yǔ)，多閱讀報(bào)刊，多和俄羅斯人交流。這也需要持久的耐力和不斷想要自我提升的持續(xù)心理催動(dòng)力的。

此外我再講講由外文譯成母語(yǔ)的過(guò)程我所遇到的困難。上學(xué)期我的導(dǎo)師給我一個(gè)翻譯任務(wù)，就是俄羅斯教育部新近下達(dá)的關(guān)于上海經(jīng)合組織各大學(xué)的教育規(guī)定。資料剛拿到手，除了讀起來(lái)吃力外，我最大的感覺就是即使你懂得了句子的精華，明白了句意，但是想要 把它用地道的漢語(yǔ)表達(dá)是非常困難的。在懂得了句意卻無(wú)法表達(dá)的情況下突然覺得自己不會(huì)說(shuō)母語(yǔ)了。或者說(shuō)出的句子別人根本不懂你的邏輯，有些前言不搭后語(yǔ)的感覺。這就讓我懂得了，對(duì)翻譯的要求不僅要看你的外文水平，對(duì)母語(yǔ)的要求也是極高的。而且在翻譯專業(yè)的文本時(shí)，必須要對(duì)這一行業(yè)的語(yǔ)言和詞匯有個(gè)大致的了解。這就如同運(yùn)用母語(yǔ)再次學(xué)一遍母語(yǔ)中行業(yè)的語(yǔ)言。這又是需要花費(fèi)大量的時(shí)間和翻譯積累量的。而且對(duì)自己母語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)法也有提高的必要，如何組詞造句，如何盡可能的少犯母語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤。這些都是我在沒(méi)有學(xué)習(xí)專業(yè)翻譯之前所沒(méi)有想到的。

以上我基本講的都關(guān)于筆譯方面的一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)感受，口譯和筆譯相比也有難易之分。首先口譯較筆譯輕松地方面說(shuō)。今年夏天我去大連的一個(gè)俄餐廳打工，雖然每天接觸的只是飯店的一些常用語(yǔ)，但是也經(jīng)常會(huì)遇到各種狀況，偶爾會(huì)碰到客人和飯店老板溝通時(shí)，我在中間做個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的小翻譯，雖然不是什么正式的翻譯，但是也有一些心得。首先還是從中母語(yǔ)譯成俄語(yǔ)說(shuō)起，為了迅速達(dá)到交際目的，有時(shí)候我會(huì)把老板剛說(shuō)出的話，立即逐字逐句譯過(guò)去，這時(shí)就存在一些問(wèn)題。剛譯過(guò)去我就立即意識(shí)到剛才自己的語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤，而且這種語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤我發(fā)現(xiàn)是根本避免不了，有時(shí)剛想去改，但是覺得又沒(méi)有必要，因?yàn)殛P(guān)鍵詞的傳達(dá)已經(jīng)到位的話，此時(shí) 沒(méi)有人會(huì)注意你的語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤。這意味著口譯在對(duì)組詞造句優(yōu)美方面的要求沒(méi)有那么高。所以這方面的壓力較小。當(dāng)然這只是簡(jiǎn)單的生活翻譯，如果更專業(yè)的翻譯我還沒(méi)有接觸過(guò)，所以那種難處感觸還不是特別深。或許比筆譯壓力更大，因?yàn)閷I(yè)的正式的口譯翻譯需除了比我上面提到過(guò)得筆譯難處之外，還更多的考驗(yàn)人的心理素質(zhì)。其次是由俄文譯成中文，這在簡(jiǎn)單的生活翻譯過(guò)程中就輕松得多，因?yàn)楫吘股罘g的常用語(yǔ)是人們非常熟悉的，所以有時(shí)候可以不用經(jīng)過(guò)思考就脫口而出，此時(shí)考驗(yàn)的不是人的母語(yǔ)水平，更多的是對(duì)外語(yǔ)的聽力水平，聽力好的，思維快的話，就可以溝通無(wú)障礙了。當(dāng)然這還是講的簡(jiǎn)單的生活翻譯，不過(guò)我的終極目標(biāo)是想做一名專業(yè)翻譯。還需要學(xué)的很多很多。簡(jiǎn)單的生活翻譯任何接觸過(guò)外語(yǔ)的人都能做到，例如去我工作飯店的導(dǎo)游，她們的目的是只要能達(dá)到交際目的，至于外語(yǔ)的地道水平一般不予以考慮。而且在特定的語(yǔ)境下，其實(shí)只要身體語(yǔ)言就可以達(dá)到交際目的。我的追求要遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出這些，所以我要做的還有很多。

翻譯是個(gè)難做的職業(yè)。這是我目前接觸翻譯之后，最大的感受。這條路任重而道遠(yuǎn)。目前中俄在各方面的交流越來(lái)越頻繁。所以對(duì)翻譯的需求也越來(lái)越多，做一名成功的被大家認(rèn)可的好翻譯，我的任務(wù)還很多。我會(huì)繼續(xù)努力。最后我覺得翻譯技巧這門課是我在翻譯方面知識(shí)學(xué)到最多的一門課。這門課很實(shí)用，因?yàn)槔锩嬗行┕潭ǖ木涫绞俏覐膩?lái)沒(méi)有接觸過(guò)的，謝謝老師的工作。

第五篇：翻譯心得

題目：Translation Practice and Gains

from It

院 系：外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院 專 業(yè)：英語(yǔ)專業(yè) 姓 名：xxx 學(xué) 號(hào)：xxx 指導(dǎo)老師：xxx

2011 年 3 月 16 日 XXXX大 學(xué) 第 二 學(xué) 位 畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計(jì)

翻譯心得及翻譯實(shí)踐

摘要

翻譯是一項(xiàng)將陌生信息轉(zhuǎn)化為接受者熟悉能理解的信息的處理過(guò)程和方法，它包括語(yǔ)言文字，圖形符號(hào)的翻譯轉(zhuǎn)化等多樣形式。而語(yǔ)言翻譯則是其中的一種較為形象和具體的翻譯形式，它不僅僅對(duì)譯者雄厚的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言功底和技能提出了很高的要求，更需要他對(duì)西方和本國(guó)文明歷史以及文化生活有充分的了解和認(rèn)識(shí)，只有將翻譯作為擁有不同文化背景的人們進(jìn)行交際的橋梁，并深入了解掌握本國(guó)與異國(guó)的民族文化差異，同時(shí)在翻譯語(yǔ)中找到相應(yīng)準(zhǔn)確通達(dá)的語(yǔ)句搭配，才能使異國(guó)文化在翻譯語(yǔ)中再現(xiàn)其貌，才能真正翻譯好一篇文章。本文則是針對(duì)兩篇有關(guān)文化交際方面的學(xué)術(shù)論文而引發(fā)的對(duì)翻譯方法技巧等的心得體會(huì)。一篇是關(guān)于文化差異和外語(yǔ)教學(xué)的學(xué)術(shù)文章《中西文化差異探源與外語(yǔ)教學(xué)》，而另一篇?jiǎng)t是由羅恩·韋特寫的《牢記你的格言》---有關(guān)商務(wù)信函在人際交往中的應(yīng)用。而在傳統(tǒng)的翻譯標(biāo)準(zhǔn)上，好的翻譯必須做到“信”、“達(dá)”、“雅”，即準(zhǔn)確、通順、優(yōu)雅，那么運(yùn)用合理的翻譯技巧和翻譯方法就顯得格外重要。其核心的方法還是以直譯翻譯法和意譯翻譯法為主，其間通過(guò)轉(zhuǎn)換，異化與歸化，增譯、簡(jiǎn)譯、省略以及句子拆分等方法和策略，在上下文的緊密銜接的基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)詞與句進(jìn)行翻譯。將翻譯心得和翻譯實(shí)踐整體的翻譯是一次真正意義上的理論結(jié)合實(shí)際的契機(jī)，它不僅要求對(duì)理論知識(shí)有認(rèn)識(shí)性的把握，同時(shí)要靈活運(yùn)用這些方法技巧，合理地進(jìn)行全篇翻譯。

關(guān)鍵詞：翻譯 翻譯方法和技巧 句詞處理 心得體會(huì)

i XXXX大 學(xué) 第 二 學(xué) 位 畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計(jì)

Abstract Translation is a process and method to deal with information, converting strange information into the information which recipients can be familiar with and understand.It includes multiple forms involving the translation and conversion of languages and characters, that of graphs and symbols and so on.The language translation is a sort of translation form which is relatively visual and concrete.It not only puts forward high requirements towards a translator in terms of his strong English language skills and knowledge, but also requires him of having sufficient knowledge and understanding of civilization, history, culture and life both in his own and western countries.Only will people regard translation as a bridge of communication where people have different cultural backgrounds, and deeply have understanding of cultural differences between the domestic and foreign national on translation, finding the corresponding accurate and flowing collocation of words and sentences, they can reappear the origin appearance of exotic culture in the language translation, and truly translate an article well.Directing at two academic papers about cultural communication, this paper greatly triggers my gains of translation methods and skills etc.an article is an academic one about cultural differences and foreign language teaching, The Exploration for the Differences between Chinese and Western Culture and Foreign Language Teaching, and the other one is Minding Your Maxims, written by Ron White-about the application of business letters in interpersonal communication.In the traditional translation standards, a good translation must satisfy the three standards “xin”, “da”, “ya”, namely, faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance, therefore reasonable use of translation skills and methods of translation is of great importance.The core methods are still mainly literal translation and free translation method.Free translation is easy to use, but the latter is somewhat difficult, where we use some translation methods and strategies, such as conversion, foreignization and domestication, amplification, simplification, ellipsis and sentence division etc, to translate the words and sentences based on the closely related context.The translation, as a whole of translation gains and translation practice, is actually a good opportunity

ii XXXX大 學(xué) 第 二 學(xué) 位 畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計(jì)

for combining the theory with the practice, which not only requires of grasping the understanding of theoretical knowledge in cognitive way, but also carrying out a total translation properly with the flexible use of those translation knowledge and skills.Key words: translation

translation methods and strategies

handling sentences and words

experience and gains

iii XXXX大 學(xué) 第 二 學(xué) 位 畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計(jì)

Contents 摘要…………………………………………………………………….....i Abstract………………………………………………………………….ii 1.The depiction for translation materials……………………….........1 2.Translation methods and strategies

2.1 Conversion…………………………………………………………………....2 2.2 Foreignization translation…………………………………………………...2 2.3 Domestication………………………………………………….......................3 2.4 Extension……………………………………………………………………...3 2.5 Literal translation……………………………………………………………4

3.Handling sentences and words 3.1 Handling long sentences……………………………………………………… 3.2 About some translation skills for sentences…………………………………

4.Gains from translation…………………………………………….....5.Bibliography…………………………………………………………..6.Original English material……………………………………….…… 7.English-to-Chinese translation……………………………………….8.Original Chinese material…………………………………………… 9.Chinese-to-English translation……………………………………….1.The depiction for translation materials For the first article, the cultural globalization is put forward ahead to emphasize the influence brought about by the difference of culture in Chinese and western

iv XXXX大 學(xué) 第 二 學(xué) 位 畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計(jì)

countries.The new ways of electronic communications make us enter a new era.People seek for global extensive cooperation in the economic and political fields, and meanwhile through cultural exchanges, break the original shut and narrow situation, mutually promoting and developing colorful culture, cooperating efficiently and effectively on the global problems, to walk forward to the open and multivariate and form a new pattern of cultural globalization.The tides of cultural globalization attack both English-teaching and confer new requirements and awareness on people.Therefore, to transcend the obstacle of cultural factors in foreign language teaching, first we must understand these factors behind the languages, making clear definitions of culture and the causes of producing cultural differences.And for culture, it is a complex concept with extremely extensive coverage, generally speaking, there are two arguments including the broad culture and the narrow culture.Moreover, many causes of formation of culture can be referred to, yet we can ascribe them to several following aspects: the ways of thinking, religion, living environment, customs, social etiquette and habits.Consequently, focusing on the differences between Chinese and western culture in foreign language teaching and enhancing cultural introductory is not only the requirements of the times, but also develop a broader vision for our foreign language teaching and inject fresh vitality into it.While the other one is a pure English essay written by a native English speaker, who hopes that his points for the application and writing skills of business letters in interpersonal communication, namely minding our maxims, are focused on to inform people that readers? responses can indicate the individual differences in the way where the maxims are interpreted, as well as the problems given rise to by the task specification and the use of models in business letters teaching.Then to give a distinct explanation and account of these problems, there are four angles arising from them: the applicability of pragmatic principles in cross-cultural settings, authentic readers? responses, task specification in writing classes, uses of models in the teaching of writing.To sum up, writers will learn to mind their maxims in ways which ought to enable them to optimize the effects they wish to have on their readership.XXXX大 學(xué) 第 二 學(xué) 位 畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計(jì)

2.Translation methods and strategies As we know, there are two basic translation methods, that is to say, literal translation and free translation method.Literal translation is a translation method to translate directly without any modification, which is asked not to alert the figures of speech but to retain the original structures, ideological content, style and forms of sentences.While free translation is different from that.Though they have something in common, such as the similarity of retainment of original figures of speech, sentence structures, and sentence form, the latter stresses the smoothness and the communicative effect of translated version, regardless of the conversion of structure and pattern.For the free translation, we usually use the following translation methods and strategies as assistance, like conversion, foreignization translation, domestication, amplification, simplification, and extension.Let me make it clearer with some detailed examples.2.1 Conversion Conversion in language translation is a translation tip for some difficult sentences.Additionally, it is always used in the change of parts of speech or the meaning of words to make the sentences more fluent and authentic.Examples: Cg1.C: 西方的思維方式可以追溯到蘇格拉底開創(chuàng)的邏輯思辨方式,表現(xiàn)在哲學(xué)上則為多主張“人物分離”,崇尚個(gè)體思維,認(rèn)為整體只有在個(gè)體對(duì)立中才能存在。

E: The western way of thinking can be traced back to the logic speculation pattern which Socrates creates, mostly asserting “figure-object separation” shown in the philosophical speculation way, advocating individual thought that the whole only exist in the individual contradiction.From my translation, we can see “人物分離”in Chinese with traditional Chinese four-word form.Through some conversion, I use “figure-object separation” to express XXXX大 學(xué) 第 二 學(xué) 位 畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計(jì)

the meaning of separating people from common objects for short.Cg2.E: In an attempt to account for the way participants read into an utterance meanings and intentions other than those obvious from the surface forms themselves,??

C: 為了說(shuō)明參與者理解顯而易見的意義和目的的方式，而不是那些顯而易見的表面形式，Of all the words, we can see a typical and peculiar words “those obvious”, which ought to be regarded as a noun not an adjective word for origin, namely“ 那些顯而易見的表面形式”in Chinese.2.2 Foreignization translation In the process of translation, both the Chinese-to-English one and English-to-Chinese one, we confront many examples carrying intense national culture, customs and religion.Hard as some are, I try to make use of foreignization translation combined the local history and native meaning to express the exact meaning.Examples: Cg1.C: 佛教傳入中國(guó)已有一千多年的歷史,人們相信有“佛主”在左右著人世間的一切,與此有關(guān)的習(xí)語(yǔ)很多,如“借花獻(xiàn)佛”、“閑時(shí)不燒香,臨時(shí)抱佛腳”等。

E: Buddhism was introduced into China for more than one thousand years, and people believe there is “the Lord of Buddha” in the world to control everything around, when many related idioms emerge, such as “Jiehuaxianfo” meaning to borrow something to make a gift of it： 借花獻(xiàn)佛, “Xianshibuhsaoxiang, linshibaopojiao” meaning to make efforts at the last moment when not free etc.The expressions“借花獻(xiàn)佛”and“閑時(shí)不燒香,臨時(shí)抱佛腳”are both Chinese proverbs which carry strong Chinese traditional religious characteristic, thus I choose to use suffixal translation as additional remarks for them, such as “Jiehuaxianfo” meaning to borrow something to make a gift of it.XXXX大 學(xué) 第 二 學(xué) 位 畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計(jì)

Cg2.C: 用國(guó)學(xué)大師季羨林教授的話來(lái)說(shuō)就是:“一言而蔽之,東方文化體系的思維模式?

E: Quoted by the Chinese master professor Ji Xianlin? words:“ a word for short, that is to say, the mode of thinking in the oriental cultural system is integrated “一言而蔽之”is a traditional archaism, so based on understanding of ancient Chinese culture, I feel the meaning can equal to “用一句話說(shuō)就是” in Chinese，which can be translated as “a word for short, that is to say” in English.2.3 Domestication translation Domestication translation is a new conception corresponding to the foreignization translation, which first was put forward by Lawrence Venuti, an American translation theorist.The connotation is to minimize the exotic in translation, and provide readers with a natural and fluent translation.From that, we can see the importance of having a good knowledge of cultural background carry a substantial weight in domestication translation.Examples: Cg1.E: Letter B(Appendix I)is a reply to a complaint by a customer who was pick-pocketed at a shop belonging to the chain of which the writer is ?Customer Relations Manager?.C: B類信(附錄1)反映的是，一位客戶投訴自己在一家商店被扒手模了錢包，而這家店的連鎖店里的商店作家是它的客戶關(guān)系經(jīng)理。From the context, the chain here is apparently not the original meaning, which I think is endowed with a new conception, namely, multiple shops(連鎖店).Cg2.E: Central to Brown and Levinson?s theory is the concept of face(cf.Goffman, 1955)which may be defined as the public self-image that every one wants to claim XXXX大 學(xué) 第 二 學(xué) 位 畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計(jì)

for him or her self.Brown and Levinson somewhat confusingly distinguish between what they call negative and positive face, summed up as follows: Positive face ? ? the want to be desirable, accepted

concern with being thought of as a normal, contributing member of one's social world

? the desire for common ground

Negative face ? ? the want to be unimpeded by others

maintaining right of independence, freedom of action within one's own territory

? the right not to be imposed upon

C: 布朗和列文森的理論中心是威信的概念(參考Goffman,1955年),這個(gè)概念被定義為每個(gè)人想向公眾證明自我的一種公眾自我形象。布朗和列文森在區(qū)分他們所謂的“消極和積極的威信”上多少有些迷惑和不確定,總的可歸結(jié)為以下幾點(diǎn): 積極的威信

?一種想要被接受和認(rèn)可的渴望

?關(guān)心自己是否被自己所生活的社交界認(rèn)為是一名正常且做出了貢獻(xiàn)的成員 ?渴望有共同的背景 消極的威信

?一種想要被別人阻礙的希望

?在自己的領(lǐng)地中對(duì)獨(dú)立的權(quán)利和行動(dòng)的自由的維護(hù) ?享有不被施壓的權(quán)利

The face here is not an organ of body, if translated as “面部”, the real meaning of which will be lost.Consequently, in my opinion, the face is used to express the XXXX大 學(xué) 第 二 學(xué) 位 畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計(jì)

prestige of someone that can be divided into twofold, the positive and the negative.2.4 Extension Omission, a high-class writing skill, is always used in formal or informal writing, to make the whole passage more incisive and concise, yet bringing some trouble for translation.Hence, we try to restore the intact original sentence in clear meaning, and the extension translation is good choice.Through adding some necessary words into sentences, the whole sentence will be easier to be understood.Examples: Cg1.E: As noted earlier, two of the texts in this study were written by students: in one case, the writer is a Polish undergraduate who aspires to join the UDS, while in the other he is a Hong Kong business man, who is already a practising participant in the UDS.C: 正如前面所提到的那樣,這項(xiàng)研究中有兩篇文章出自學(xué)生之手:其中一個(gè)情況是,其作者是來(lái)自波蘭的一名希望加入U(xiǎn)DS的大學(xué)生,而另一個(gè)作者則是一位來(lái)自香港的商人,并且他已經(jīng)是UDS的加盟成員了。The part “As noted earlier,” is an elliptical sentence, the subject of which actually can be extended from the whole passage.That is “正如前面所提到的那樣,”for translation.Another one, “while in the other”, need be extended, which leave out the “writer” after “the other”.Cg2.E: Although three of the five letters are authentic, having been written by real managers to a real customer, two are non authentic, having been written for display, albeit while having to satisfy certain contextual constraints specified in the prompt provided.C: 雖然每五封信中有三封信是真實(shí)的，是由真正的經(jīng)理寫給真正的客戶的，但是其他兩封信都是不真實(shí)的，是用于展示的，并且還不得不滿足提示中具體說(shuō)明的前后相關(guān)的某種限制。XXXX大 學(xué) 第 二 學(xué) 位 畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計(jì)

Similarity to the first example, the word “two” in “two are ?” is a omission leaving out the word “l(fā)etter”.But in fact, we all know it refers to letters.2.5 Literal translation Literal translation is the easiest one in all the translation methods, according to the basic meaning of the surface of sentences, which can be translated directly without any modification.Examples: Cg1.C: 英漢民族的思維方式的不同也決定了兩個(gè)民族的審美情趣的不同。

E: The difference of way of thinking between Chinese and English also determines on the difference of appreciation of the beauty in two nations.Cg2.E: In many cases(but not all)it is based on an assessment of the frequency of interaction and the kinds of material or non-material goods exchanged between the parties concerned.C: 在許多情況下(但并不是全所有的都這樣)它都是基于對(duì)相互作用以及在不同當(dāng)事人之間交換的物質(zhì)和非物質(zhì)商品的頻率的評(píng)估而存在的。

3.Handling sentences and words 3.1 Handling long sentences For long sentences, we always face a sentence with 20 or more words which itself is so complex both in programmer and structure.So we must analyze the whole sentence by dividing the sentences to several parts, catching the main and abandoning the subordinate.Only seeing from the whole sentence, related to the context closely, the sentences can be precisely translated.For example, “thus, the impression of symmetry in the social relationship XXXX大 學(xué) 第 二 學(xué) 位 畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計(jì)

between reader and writer is created, even if, as both parties will acknowledge, there is no actual basis for such solidarity.” For this, it has complicated structure and accompanying adverbial modifier puzzling the readers? minds.And after I divide it to several parts and put them to translation, I begin to integrate them in logic.The translation is “因此,要?jiǎng)?chuàng)造出在讀者和作家之間的社會(huì)關(guān)系中的一種對(duì)稱的相互印象,即使當(dāng)雙方都意識(shí)到, 這樣的團(tuán)結(jié)其實(shí)沒(méi)有現(xiàn)實(shí)的依據(jù)。” Another example is that the original sentence, “Since both are communicating in a non native language across cultural boundaries, inter-cultural differences between themselves and their readership will be relevant in terms of defining the what is acceptable within the constraints of the writing tasks they have been set”

is so long which contains different kinds of clauses, giving our translator great challenges.There is my own translation for some reference--“由于它們都是跨越文化界限通過(guò)一種非母語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言進(jìn)行交流，所以他們與他們的讀者之間形成的文化差異,與對(duì)在寫作任務(wù)已經(jīng)得以限定的情況下可以予以接受的東西的定義是有關(guān)聯(lián)的。”

3.2 About some translation skills for sentences In my C-to-E translation, I find I come across the four-word form words which always upset and trouble me because there are no distinct and explicit methods and skills for me to translate them, yet just for my own understanding combined with some habits of English expression and local language use.For instance, I confront a hard sentence, “漢語(yǔ)的審美優(yōu)勢(shì)存在于四字結(jié)構(gòu)、意合力強(qiáng)、形式齊整、音律悅耳、詞格豐富、意境性強(qiáng),重整體感應(yīng);英語(yǔ)上的優(yōu)勢(shì)則存在于結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)密、修辭生動(dòng)、明快簡(jiǎn)潔、詞藻豐富、表現(xiàn)力強(qiáng)(如引申、轉(zhuǎn)換等),重客觀描寫”, and I contemplate for a long time but in vain.With the help of my girlfriend and dictionary, I gradually begin to take shape.After modification, my translation comes up--The aesthetic advantages in Chinese lie in four-words structures, strong parataxis force, neat forms, sweet melody, rich word lattice, powerful artistic conception, and emphasizing overall induction;the ones in English are lively and concise, in compact XXXX大 學(xué) 第 二 學(xué) 位 畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計(jì)

structures, vivid rhetoric , verbal riches with strong expressiveness(such as implication, conversion etc), and regarding the objective description.—Indeed, I choose the form “adjective+noun” to solve the problems.4.Gains from translation In this graduation design, I choose English translation because translation not only puts forward high requirements for a translator in terms of his strong English language skills and commands, but also requires him of having sufficient knowledge and understanding of civilization, history, culture and life both in his and western countries.Moreover another reason counts that the use of the academic words, as well as involving extensive related knowledge range, such as Grice?s maxims, Brown and Levinson politeness principles, and C-B-S style of professional communication etc.As a consequence, I think it is of more challenge.Yet after busy and hard translation work, I welcome the completion of the whole graduate design.Different kinds of moods and feelings hovers my heart in this unforgettable road of translation, which has a big influence of me and my life.From it, I know a good translation must satisfy the three standards ”xin“, ”da“, ”ya“ in traditional translation criterion, namely, faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance.Faithfulness is fundamental requirement, and expressiveness is essential condition, and elegance is high tidemark.Without them, the translation can?t exist.So how can we reach these requirements? Reasonable use of translation skills and methods is of great importance.As I have refer earlier, I use the literal translation and free translation method for the basic methods.As long as it can be translated directly, I use the literal translation.But when I confront the difficult one, free translation will be my best choice.Through conversion, foreignization and domestication, amplification, simplification, ellipsis and sentence division etc, based on the closely related context, I can translate the words and sentences clearer and more accurate.The detailed examples I have listed before are no longer accounted specifically.What?s more, I think the analysis for the XXXX大 學(xué) 第 二 學(xué) 位 畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計(jì)

sentences, especially for sentence division, are greatly critical to translation because only you understand the sentence, can you understand the whole passage and thus translate them precisely and correctly.This is really a tough work for me, owing to my short time for English translation, as well as the great gap between the theory and practice.But I have mad my best progress to accomplish the work, with sweat and tears interweaved, and finally finish the graduate paper.For this, I still feel very happy and joy, for I know no victory is not through the bramble and difficulty, and this translation is also a good opportunity for combining the theory with the practice, which makes me have a qualitative leap on the understanding of theoretical knowledge in class or taught by teachers.Through the flexible use of those translation knowledge taught by teachers, I successfully accomplish the English-to-Chinese translation and the Chinese-to-English translation, and obtain much valuable experience, which not only enlarges the range of my knowledge, but also cultivates my strong interest of learning English.”Nothing is impossible to a willing mind" translation work is a long-term arduous process, which needs constant patience and strong perseverance.I believe, as long as a person can make attempt to endeavoring persistently, working down-to-earth, deeply loving the current job, and cherishing hard-won studying opportunity, he will certainly welcome the dawn of success.Finally, I?m obliged to my instructor Mrs Kang, who helps me much in my translation work, as well as my girlfriend.Without them, I can not accomplish this paper.My classmates are also helpful when I face much trouble.All the people and all the memory are bound to remain in my deepest soul, and words fails me when I want to express the heartfelt gratitude to them gain.5.Bibliography [1] Yong, Ho.1993.Aspects of Discourse structure in Mandarin Chinese [M].New XXXX大 學(xué) 第 二 學(xué) 位 畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計(jì)

York: Mellen University Press.[2] Peter Newmark P.2001.A Textbook of Translation Foreign Language Teaching and Research.Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.[3] Kelly,L.G.1979.The True Interpreter: A History of Translation Theory and Practice in the West.Oxford: Basil Blackwell.[4] LEFEVERE, Andre.1992.Translation Literature, Practice and Theory in a Comparative Literature Context.New York: The Modern Language Association of America.[5] 王宏志，1999，《重釋‘信達(dá)雅’——二十世紀(jì)中國(guó)翻譯研究》，上海：東方出版中心。

[6] 許鈞，2003，《翻譯論》，武漢：湖北教育出版社。

[7] 劉宓慶，2003，《翻譯教學(xué)：實(shí)務(wù)與理論》，北京：中國(guó)對(duì)外翻譯出版公司。[7] 桂詩(shī)春、寧春巖，1997，《語(yǔ)言方法論》，北京：外語(yǔ)教學(xué)與研究出版社。