第一篇：熱能與動力工程專業英語重點 原版

1.開口系統：與外界既有物質交換又有能量交換，把研究對象控制在某個空間。---定容積系統 An Open system(or a control volume 控制體積）is a properly selected region in space.Both mass and energy can cross the boundary of a control volume.such as, A Water heater, a turbine and acompressor, etc

2.閉口系統：系統與外界只有能量（功量、熱量）的交換而無質量交換。——定質量系統A Closed system(a control mass控制質量)consists of a fixed amount of mass, and no mass can cross its boundary.That is, no mass enters or leave a closed system.such as, Piston-cylinder device(汽缸-活塞裝置）

3.絕熱系統：系統與外界只有功量和質量的交換，而無熱量的交換。Adiabatic system is that no heat cross the boundary or heat is negligible compared with work cross the boundary

4.孤立系統：系統與外界既無能量交換又無質量交換，即系統與環境不發生任何作用。Isolated system is a special case that no mass and energy cross the boundary.5.熱力學第一定律：自然界一切物體都具有能量，能量有各種不同形式，它能從一種形式轉化為另一種形式，從一個物體傳遞給另一個物體，在轉化和傳遞過程中能量的總和不變。The first explicit statement of the first law of thermodynamics：“In all cases in which work is produced by the agency of heat, a quantity of heat is consumed which is proportional to the work done;and conversely, by the expenditure of an equal quantity of work an equal quantity of heat is produced.”

6.熱力學第二定律：不可能把熱從低溫物體傳到高溫物體而不產生其他影響；不可能從單一熱源取熱使之完全轉換為有用的功而不產生其他影響；不可逆熱力過程中熵的微增量總是大于零。

Second law of thermodynamics： Impossible to heat from low temperature to high temperature object object does not produce other effects;not possible from a single heat source heat so completely converted into useful work and does not produce other effects;irreversible thermodynamic entropy in the process of the incremental volume is always greater than zero.7.鍋爐：鍋爐利用熱量使水轉變成蒸汽以進行各種利用。Boilers use heat to convert water into steam for a variety of applications.8.汽輪機：將蒸汽的熱能轉換為機械能的葉輪式旋轉原動機。

Steam Turbine is the impeller rotating prime moverthatthe thermal energy of the steam is converted to mechanical energy。

9.省煤器：省煤器（英文名稱Economizer）就是鍋爐尾部煙道中將鍋爐給水加熱成汽包壓力下的飽和水的受熱面。The economizer(Name Economizer)is the rear of the boiler flue of the boiler feed water is heated into steam drum pressure saturated water heating surface。

10.空預器：空氣預熱器就是鍋爐尾部煙道中的煙氣通過內部的散熱片將進入鍋爐前的空氣預熱到一定溫度的受熱面。The air preheater through the fins of the internal heating surface will enter the air is preheated to a certain

temperature in the boiler before the flue gas in the rear of the boiler flue.11.反動度：蒸汽在動葉柵中的等熵焓降與級的等熵焓降之比

The degree of reaction is steam Rotor Cascade isentropic enthalpy drop class isentropic enthalpy drop ratio.12.狀態：某一瞬間熱力系所呈現的宏觀狀況

State: it reveals the physical condition of a system.13.狀態參數：描述系統宏觀物理狀況的物理量,簡稱參數Properties are used todepictanycharacteristic of a system.14.比體積：單位質量的物質所占有的體積，用v表示。

Specific volume is the reciprocal of density and is defined as volume per unit mass.15.真空度：表示絕對壓力低于大氣壓力的量值

Vacuum pressure（真空度）：Pressures below atmosphere pressure.It is the pressure difference between atmospheric and system pressure when system pressure is lower than atmospheric And it is denoted as PVAC or H.16.如果兩個系統分別與第三個系統處于熱平衡，則兩個系統彼此必然處于熱平衡。

If two bodies are in thermal equilibrium with a third body, they are also in thermal equilibrium with each other.17.平衡狀態：所謂平衡狀態就是指在沒有外界影響的情況下，系統的狀態不隨時間而發生變化。

A system in equilibrium experiences no changes with time when it is isolated from its surroundings.18.熱力系統經過一系列變化回到初態，這一系列變化過程稱為熱力循環。

A system is said to have undergone a cycle if it returns to its initial state at the end of the process

12.A turbine cylinder(汽輪機汽缸）isessentialapressurevesselwithit’sweightsupportedateachend onthehorizontalcenterline.19.熱力系統的定義（Definition）

系統就是指被選做研究對象的物體或空間。（A quantity of matter or a region in space chosen for study.）

20.熱平衡（Thermal equilibrium）

If the temperature is the same throughout the entiresystem.

第二篇：熱能與動力工程專業英語

強度量：intensive properties do not depend on mass（e,g,p,ρ,ν=1/ρ,u and h）,extensive properties depend on the total mass of the system（e,g,V,M,U,and H）.Uppercase letters are usually used for extensive properties.準平衡：equilibrium：states of a system are most conveniently described when the system is in equilibrium, i.e.it is in steady-state.Often we will consider process thatchange “slowly”-termed quasi-equilibrium or quasi-static process.A process is quasi-equilibrium if the time rate of change of the process is slow relative to the time it takes for the system to reach thermodynamic equilibrium.It is necessary that a system be quasi-equilibrium before applying many of the thermodynamics relations to that system.熱力學第一二定律：In simplest terms,the law of thermodynamics dictate the specific for the movement of heat andwork.Basically,the First Law of Thermodynamic is a statement of the conservation of energy-the Second Law is a statement about the direction of that conservation-and the Tired Law is a statement about reaching absolute Zero.The first law of thermodynamic is a statement of the principle of conservation of energy.It can also be considered as defining a property,the internal energy.The Second law of Thermodynamic states that in all energy exchanges,if no energy enters or leaves the system,the potential energy of the state will always be less than that of the initial states.This is also commonly referred to as entropy.舉例說明熱力學定律應用：a cup of hot coffee left on a table eventually cools,but a cup of cool coffee in the same room never gets hot by itself.The high-temperature energy of the coffee is degraded(transformed into a less useful form at a lower temperature)once it is transferred to the surrounding air.An ordinary house is,in some respects,an exhibition hall filled with womders of thermodynamics.Many ordinary household utensils and applicances are designed,in whole or in part,by using the principles of thermodynamics.Some examples include the electric or gas range,the heating and air-condition systems,the refrigerator,the humidifier,the pressure cooker,the water heater,the iron,and even the computer,and the TV.On a large scale,thermodynamics plays a major part in the design and analysis of automotive engines,rockets,jet engine,and conventional or nuclear power plans,solar collectors,and the design of vehicle form ordinary cars to airplanes.絕熱系統：isolated systems：not exchangeing heat,matter or work with their environment.開口系統：exchanging energy(heat and work)and matter with their environment.閉口系統：exchangeing energy(heat and work)but not matter with their environment.孤立系統：rigid boundary :not allowing exchange of work.輻射換熱:The mechanism in this case is electromagnetic radiation.We shall limit our discussion to electromagnetic radiation which is propagated as a result of a temperature difference;this is called thermal radiation.對流傳熱:when a fluid at rest or in motion is in contact with a surface at a temperature different from the plate ,energy flows in the direction of the lower temperature as required by the principle of thermodynamics.we say that heat is convected away ,and we call the process convection heat transfer.對流傳熱的方式:There are two convection modes :forced convection and natural convection.If a heated plate were exposed to ambient room air without an external source of motion ,a movement of the air would be experienced as a result of the density gradients near the plate.We call this natural ,or free ,convection as opposed to forced convection ,which is experienced in the case of the fan blowing air over a plate.傳熱學:Heat transfer is the science that seeks to predict the energy transfer that may take place between material bodies as a result of a temperature difference.傳熱學和熱力學的區別:Thermodynamics teaches that this energy transfer is defined as heat.The science of heat transfer seeks not merely to explain how heat energy may be transferred ,but also to predict the rate at which the exchange will take place under certain specified conditions.The fact that a heat-transfer rate is the desired objective of an analysis points out the difference between heat transfer and thermodynamics.Thermodynamics deals with systems in equilibrium;it may be used to predict the amount of energy required to change a system from one equilibrium state to another;it may not be used to predict how fast a change will take place since the system is not in equilibrium during the process.Heat transfer supplements the first and second principles of thermodynamics by providing additional experimental rules which may be used to establish energy-transfer rates.As in the science of thermodynamics ,the experimental rules used as a basis of the subject of heat transfer are rather simple and easily expanded to encompass a variety of practical situations.影響輻射傳熱的因素：To take account of the “gray” nature of such surface we introduce another factor into

Equation ,called the emissive ε:which relates the radiation of the “gray”surface to that of an ideal black surface.We must take into account the fact that not all the radiation leaving one surface will reach the other surface since electromagnic radiation travels in straight lines and some will be lost to the surroundings.熱能與動力工程thermal energy and power engineering 能量轉化energy-transfer 比例常數proportionality constant 比例系數proportionality factor 活性中心active center 對流傳熱convection heat transfer 電磁輻射electromagnetic radiation 角系數view factor 準靜態過程quasi-static process 準平衡quasi-equilibrium 靜態平衡static equilibrium 強度參數intensive property 廣延參數extensive property 燃燒機理combustion mechanism平均分子運動average molecular motion 熱反應堆thermal reactor 熱力學性質 thermodynamic property 摩爾熱容molar heat capacity 動能kinetic energy 壓縮因子compressibility factor 溫度傳感器temperature sensor 測量電路measurement circuit 電壓輸出voltage output 靜電荷electrostatic charge 勵磁電源excitation power 內能internal energy 能量原理energy principle 能量平衡energy balance 能量守恒conservation of energy 剪切應力shear force/stress 角速度angular velocity 速度梯度velocity gradient 溫度梯度temperature gradient 一維one-dimensional 機械能mechanical energy 內能internal energy 動能kinetic energy 勢能potential energy 凝固/硬化take a set 流體動力學fluid dynamic hydrodynamics 蒸汽發生系統steam generating system 輔助設備auxiliary equipment 空煤比the air-coal ratio 質量作用定律the law of mass action 阿倫尼烏斯定律arrhennius law 活化分子active molecule 活化分子碎片active molecule fragments 活化能activation energy

自由價free valency 支鏈反應定律the law of branched chain reactions 化學反應方程式stoichiometric equation 活化中心active centres 能級energy levels 甲烷methane ch4 壓縮機compressor 冷凝器condenser 膨脹閥expansion valve 可逆reversible 絕熱adiabatic 等熵isentropic 余隙容積clearance volume 比容specific volume 壓力損失pressure loss 溶液給水溫度liquid feed temperature 體積流速the volume flow rate 液壓頭liquid head 成比例的proportional 成反比例的inversely proportional 熱力學定律principles of thermodynamics平衡溫度equilibrium temperature 相變phase change 導熱性thermal conductivity 傳熱系數heat transfer coefficient 強制對流forced convection 自然對流natural convection 外表面external surface 焓enthalpy 熵entropy 對流傳熱convection heat transfer 牛頓冷卻公式Newton law of cooling 流體物性properties of the liquid 質量流量比mass flow ratio 電磁輻射能electromagnetic energy 熱輻射thermal radiation 凈輻射量net radiation 流體力學fluid mechanics 熱力學性質thermodynamic property 牛頓粘性定律Newton law of vosicosity 溫熵圖temperature-entropy diagram 回轉式發動機rotary engine 汽輪機steam turbine 光化學煙霧photochemical smog 核電站nuclear power plant 流化床燃燒fluildized bed combustion 余熱鍋爐a heat recovery builer 表面積surface area

強度量：intensive properties do not depend on mass（e,g,p,ρ,ν=1/ρ,u and h）,extensive properties depend on the total mass of the system（e,g,V,M,U,and H）.Uppercase letters are usually used for extensive properties.準平衡：equilibrium：states of a system are most conveniently described when the system is in equilibrium, i.e.it is in steady-state.Often we will consider process thatchange “slowly”-termed quasi-equilibrium or quasi-static process.A process is quasi-equilibrium if the time rate of change of the process is slow relative to the time it takes for the system to reach thermodynamic equilibrium.It is necessary that a system be quasi-equilibrium before applying many of the thermodynamics relations to that system.熱力學第一二定律：In simplest terms,the law of thermodynamics dictate the specific for the movement of heat andwork.Basically,the First Law of Thermodynamic is a statement of the conservation of energy-the Second Law is a statement about the direction of that conservation-and the Tired Law is a statement about reaching absolute Zero.The first law of thermodynamic is a statement of the principle of conservation of energy.It can also be considered as defining a property,the internal energy.The Second law of Thermodynamic states that in all energy exchanges,if no energy enters or leaves the system,the potential energy of the state will always be less than that of the initial states.This is also commonly referred to as entropy.舉例說明熱力學定律應用：a cup of hot coffee left on a table eventually cools,but a cup of cool coffee in the same room never gets hot by itself.The high-temperature energy of the coffee is degraded(transformed into a less useful form at a lower temperature)once it is transferred to the surrounding air.An ordinary house is,in some respects,an exhibition hall filled with womders of thermodynamics.Many ordinary household utensils and applicances are designed,in whole or in part,by using the principles of thermodynamics.Some examples include the electric or gas range,the heating and air-condition systems,the refrigerator,the humidifier,the pressure cooker,the water heater,the iron,and even the computer,and the TV.On a large scale,thermodynamics plays a major part in the design and analysis of automotive engines,rockets,jet engine,and conventional or nuclear power plans,solar collectors,and the design of vehicle form ordinary cars to airplanes.絕熱系統：isolated systems：not exchangeing heat,matter or work with their environment.開口系統：exchanging energy(heat and work)and matter with their environment.閉口系統：exchangeing energy(heat and work)but not matter with their environment.孤立系統：rigid boundary :not allowing exchange of work.輻射換熱:The mechanism in this case is electromagnetic radiation.We shall limit our discussion to electromagnetic radiation which is propagated as a result of a temperature difference;this is called thermal radiation.對流傳熱:when a fluid at rest or in motion is in contact with a surface at a temperature different from the plate ,energy flows in the direction of the lower temperature as required by the principle of thermodynamics.we say that heat is convected away ,and we call the process convection heat transfer.對流傳熱的方式:There are two convection modes :forced convection and natural convection.If a heated plate were exposed to ambient room air without an external source of motion ,a movement of the air would be experienced as a result of the density gradients near the plate.We call this natural ,or free ,convection as opposed to forced convection ,which is experienced in the case of the fan blowing air over a plate.傳熱學:Heat transfer is the science that seeks to predict the energy transfer that may take place between material bodies as a result of a temperature difference.傳熱學和熱力學的區別:Thermodynamics teaches that this energy transfer is defined as heat.The science of heat transfer seeks not merely to explain how heat energy may be transferred ,but also to predict the rate at which the exchange will take place under certain specified conditions.The fact that a heat-transfer rate is the desired objective of an analysis points out the difference between heat transfer and thermodynamics.Thermodynamics deals with systems in equilibrium;it may be used to predict the amount of energy required to change a system from one equilibrium state to another;it may not be used to predict how fast a change will take place since the system is not in equilibrium during the process.Heat transfer supplements the first and second principles of thermodynamics by providing additional experimental rules which may be used to establish energy-transfer rates.As in the science of thermodynamics ,the experimental rules used as a basis of the subject of heat transfer are rather simple and easily expanded to encompass a variety of practical situations.影響輻射傳熱的因素：To take account of the “gray” nature of such surface we introduce another factor into

Equation ,called the emissive ε:which relates the radiation of the “gray”surface to that of an ideal black surface.We must take into account the fact that not all the radiation leaving one surface will reach the other surface since electromagnic radiation travels in straight lines and some will be lost to the surroundings

熱能與動力工程thermal energy and power engineering 能量轉化energy-transfer 比例常數proportionality constant 比例系數proportionality factor 活性中心active center 對流傳熱convection heat transfer 電磁輻射electromagnetic radiation 角系數view factor 準靜態過程quasi-static process 準平衡quasi-equilibrium 靜態平衡static equilibrium 強度參數intensive property 廣延參數extensive property 燃燒機理combustion mechanism平均分子運動average molecular motion 熱反應堆thermal reactor 熱力學性質 thermodynamic property 摩爾熱容molar heat capacity 動能kinetic energy 壓縮因子compressibility factor 溫度傳感器temperature sensor 測量電路measurement circuit 電壓輸出voltage output 靜電荷electrostatic charge 勵磁電源excitation power 內能internal energy 能量原理energy principle 能量平衡energy balance 能量守恒conservation of energy 剪切應力shear force/stress 角速度angular velocity 速度梯度velocity gradient 溫度梯度temperature gradient 一維one-dimensional 機械能mechanical energy 內能internal energy 動能kinetic energy 勢能potential energy 凝固/硬化take a set 流體動力學fluid dynamic hydrodynamics 蒸汽發生系統steam generating system 輔助設備auxiliary equipment 空煤比the air-coal ratio 質量作用定律the law of mass action 阿倫尼烏斯定律arrhennius law 活化分子active molecule 活化分子碎片active molecule fragments 活化能activation energy 自由價free valency

支鏈反應定律the law of branched chain reactions 化學反應方程式stoichiometric equation 活化中心active centres 能級energy levels 甲烷methane ch4 壓縮機compressor 冷凝器condenser 膨脹閥expansion valve 可逆reversible 絕熱adiabatic 等熵isentropic 余隙容積clearance volume 比容specific volume 壓力損失pressure loss 溶液給水溫度liquid feed temperature 體積流速the volume flow rate 液壓頭liquid head 成比例的proportional 成反比例的inversely proportional 熱力學定律principles of thermodynamics平衡溫度equilibrium temperature 相變phase change 導熱性thermal conductivity 傳熱系數heat transfer coefficient 強制對流forced convection 自然對流natural convection 外表面external surface 焓enthalpy 熵entropy 對流傳熱convection heat transfer 牛頓冷卻公式Newton law of cooling 流體物性properties of the liquid 質量流量比mass flow ratio 電磁輻射能electromagnetic energy 熱輻射thermal radiation 凈輻射量net radiation 流體力學fluid mechanics 熱力學性質thermodynamic property 牛頓粘性定律Newton law of vosicosity 溫熵圖temperature-entropy diagram 回轉式發動機rotary engine 汽輪機steam turbine 光化學煙霧photochemical smog 核電站nuclear power plant 流化床燃燒fluildized bed combustion 余熱鍋爐a heat recovery builer 表面積surface area

第三篇：熱能與動力工程 - 副本

熱能與動力工程專業

題目學校學院班級姓名學號學科導論結課論文 淺談熱能與動力工程專業的就業前景

2008年4月22日

淺談熱能與動力工程專業的就業前景

摘要人類發展至今，已經經過了柴草時期、煤炭時期、石油時期，并已進入新能源時期，隨著科技的發展，越來越多的能源得到了開發和利用，能源和人類的生活也越來越緊密聯系，本文主要探討能源發展的歷史與前景，以及熱能與動力工程專業畢業生的就業展望。

關鍵詞能源 熱能與動力工程專業 就業

正文

馬克思曾經說過“世界是物質的，物質是運動的”，我們可以由此看到，世界上一切客觀事物的存在，都離不開能源。從古至今，能源一直在人們的生產生活中扮演著重要的角色。18世紀以前的人們知道用火取暖，加熱食物，驅趕野獸，從而得以進化，那時，對能源的利用還比較低等，需求也不是特別大，并沒有動力推動對能源的開發和利用，我們稱之為“柴草時期”。接著，人們進入煤炭時期，對煤炭的開采始于13世紀，而大規模開采并使其成為世界的主要能源則是18世紀中葉的事了。1769年，瓦特發明蒸汽機，煤炭作為蒸汽機的動力之源而受到關注。并隨之產生了第一次產業革命，第一次產業革命期間，冶金工業、機械工業、交通運輸業、化學工業等行業的大幅發展，使煤炭的需求量與日俱增，直至20世紀40年代末，在世界能源消費中煤炭仍占首位。第二次世界大戰之后，在美國、中東、北非等地區相繼發現了大型油田及伴生的天然氣資源，由于每噸原油產生的熱量是煤的兩倍。并且石油煉制得到的汽油、柴油等是汽車、飛機使用的內燃機燃料。世界各國紛紛投資石油的勘探和煉制，新技術和新工藝不斷涌現，石油產品的成本大幅度降低，發達國家的石油消費量猛增。到20世紀60年代初期，世界能源消耗中，石油和天然氣的消耗比例開始超過煤炭而居首位。而今，進入21世紀已有8年，我們又進入了一個新的能源時代：新能源時代。核能、太陽能、風能、地熱能、潮汐能、氫能、生物能等大量新能源得到了開發與利用。有些新能源也已經有實驗室走進了人們的家中。與此同時，由于石油等礦物能源產量的制約和某些政治上的因素，傳統能源已顯示出疲態，人們對能源的關注度也提升到了一個較高的高度。

我有幸考入北京科技大學機械工程學院，從而得到了選擇熱能與動力工程專業的機會。北京科技大學熱能工程系始于1958年的冶金系冶金爐專業，有著悠久的歷史。擁有熱能工程、工程熱物理、制冷及低溫工程、流體機械與工程、動力機械與工程、化工過程機械6個主要學科，博士一級學科點一個、二級學科點六個、博士后流動站一個以及國家與北京市重點學科，可以授予從工學學士到博士的一系列學位。身為一名首都大學生，我深刻地認識到了自己的時代使命。從國家角度，中國依然沒有統一，存在著些許歷史遺留問題，需要許許多多的我們付出努力使之強大起來。從個人角度，我們毫無疑問應該追求更高的精神世界與更好的物質條件，而這一切需要穩定的工作和收入來保障。2007年，全國本科畢業生達到480萬，崗位缺口1200萬，這一數字已經逐年增增長，并將在一定時期內持續增長下去。在2007年的昆明市的公務員報名中，甚至出現了302人搶一個職位的景象。我們可以看到，目前就業壓力日益嚴重，如何找到符合自己興趣，適應就業趨勢的專業已經成了廣大準畢業生的當務之急。

記得2002年電子商務興起的時候，有人預言機械將會成為夕陽產業，因為輕工業、電子商務的興起與發展勢必會降低重工業在國家經濟中所占有的比例。時至今日，這種論斷不僅沒有實現，反而恰恰相反，國內的機械生產水平得到了空前的提高，對專業對口畢業生的需求也有增無減，可以預見的是，本專業的畢業生會在節能、制冷、動力、環保領域的設計開發、制造生產、運行管理、科研教學等方面大有作為。

北京科技大學機械工程學院熱能工程系教授王立說過：能源無所不是、無處不在！毫無疑問，人類想要生存下去，能源是一個必須解決的問題，熱能與動力工程專業恰恰滿足了這一需求。

第四篇：熱能與動力工程

熱能與動力工程（熱能動力設備與應用）

培養目標：

培養適應社會主義現代化建設需要的，在熱能工程方面獲得工程師基本訓練的工程技術人才。

專業培養要求：

本專業畢業生應掌握本專業必須的較系統的基本科學理論，較廣泛的技術基礎理論，必要的專業知識及基本技能。掌握熱能釋放、轉換、傳遞和節能技術知識，合理有效利用能源以及熱工過程和熱力系統的動態分析、自動控制、熱工設備及系統的優化分析、運行管理和技術改造知識。具有熱工設備的設計、實驗、研究和調整能力。

主要課程：

高中起點專科：高等數學、英語、機械制圖、電工學、線性代數、工程力學、工程流體力學、泵與風機、鍋爐原理、傳熱學、汽輪機原理、熱力系統。

專科起點本科：高等數學、英語、工程力學、機械學、電工學、流體力學、工程熱力學、傳熱學、鍋爐原理、熱力系統、燃燒理論與設備、壓力容器強度分析、鍋爐動態特性及調節。

學制：高中起點專科2.5年 專科起點本科2.5年

本科授予學位：工學學士

第五篇：熱能與動力工程

熱能工程、工程熱物理、低溫工程及制冷技術

1.冶金方向：單位：鋼鐵廠，冶金爐設計院。代表學校：北京科技大學、東北大學。

2.鍋爐、蒸汽輪機方面：單位：發電廠，鍋爐制造廠。代表學校：清華大學、華北電力大學。

3.發動機方向：單位：設計院、汽車廠。代表學校：天津大學、北京航空航天大學。