第一篇：致英美文學(xué)專業(yè)研究生新生的一封信

致英美文學(xué)專業(yè)研究生新生的一封信

同學(xué)們,你們好!首先歡迎你們來到美麗的北京航空航天大學(xué),開始為期2年的碩士研究生生活。在踏進名校的最初興奮過去之后,你們很想知道:在這緊張的2年生活中,你們該怎樣做呢?

第一,要明白自己讀研究生的真正目的。如果僅僅把攻讀碩士研究生看做一個找工作的緩沖區(qū)，而不是本著學(xué)術(shù)研究的興趣來深造的，那么你將會發(fā)現(xiàn)未來的兩年對你來說將是非常枯燥難熬的歲月。我曾遇到許多研究生新生，他們對我說，他們是因為在本科找不到工作才來讀研的。只要拿到研究生文憑找到工作，在學(xué)校搞不搞科研無所謂，甚至也不感興趣。這種讀研究生的動機在當(dāng)今的時代本也無可厚非，但我是不希望帶這樣的研究生的。這樣的研究生由于缺乏學(xué)術(shù)和科研的興趣，在讀研時也是非常痛苦的。因為沒有學(xué)術(shù)興趣，他們會發(fā)現(xiàn)老師開的學(xué)術(shù)和科研課程非常枯燥，簡直是在折磨他們的身心。自然，他們在開題報告和撰寫畢業(yè)論文時會因為沒有思想和新鮮觀點而遇到麻煩乃至不能如期畢業(yè)。不管是什么專業(yè)方向的研究生,培養(yǎng)學(xué)術(shù)興趣和科研能力是這個階段的基本任務(wù)。對于外語專業(yè)的研究生來說,除了提高科研能力以外,還有一個重要任務(wù),就是要繼續(xù)提高和鞏固英語口語。在本科大家經(jīng)過刻苦訓(xùn)練,具備了自如的口語表達能力,但是如果在研究生階段放松了訓(xùn)練,那么這種口語表達能力還會下降。常有人說外語專業(yè)博士生的口語不如碩士生,碩士生的口語不入本科生,就是因為過分偏重科研能力而忽視口語訓(xùn)練的緣故。因此,外語專業(yè)的研究生尤其要學(xué)會兩條腿走路。一方面抓科研,另一方面繼續(xù)抓口語包括以口語為載體的外語教學(xué)或翻譯。口語是敲門磚;沒有過硬的口語表達能力,你連未來求職的第一關(guān)面試就過不去,更不用說找一個稱心如意的工作了。科研能力是可持續(xù)發(fā)展的根本。如果沒有科研能力,你無論是在公司、政府部門、或者高校都沒有發(fā)展的后勁。尤其是在高校,沒有較強的科研能力,干到死都是一個講師,在博導(dǎo)、教授如林的高校,你會活得很壓抑。

第二，要選擇好自己的指導(dǎo)教師。中國古語“名師出高徒”是被科學(xué)發(fā)展史所證實了的著名格言。在科學(xué)史上，杰出科學(xué)家往往有杰出的導(dǎo)師。哈雅特·朱克曼說，在美國所有的諾貝爾獎得主中，有半數(shù)人曾同其他諾貝爾獎得主在一個導(dǎo)師門下學(xué)習(xí)。我國的23位“兩彈一星”功勛獎?wù)芦@得者中有11位出自同一老師門下，這就是中國物理界的一代名師、清華大學(xué)葉企孫教授。那么名師在人才成長中起什么作用呢?首先，學(xué)生從名師身上學(xué)到發(fā)現(xiàn)問題、解決問題的能力和習(xí)慣。赫茲發(fā)現(xiàn)電磁波與其導(dǎo)師赫爾姆霍茲是分不開的。赫爾姆霍茲幾乎在赫茲所從事的所有研究領(lǐng)域上都對他產(chǎn)生了重要的影響。其次，跟名師一道工作有助于培養(yǎng)青年學(xué)生的科學(xué)精神、意志品格。莫諾曾談到：“工作在一群有高度創(chuàng)造性的科學(xué)家中間，有老師們做榜樣，將是何等的熱情和激奮。”就你們碩士研究生而言,一個學(xué)術(shù)造詣高、人格高尚的導(dǎo)師不僅能夠在你讀碩士期間給你高水平的學(xué)術(shù)指導(dǎo)，在生活中無微不至地關(guān)心你，在世界觀方面潛移默化地影響你，乃

至使你順利地完成學(xué)業(yè)，有時甚至能影響你今后的人生發(fā)展。我在這里特別要提到我在河南大學(xué)讀碩士期間的兩位導(dǎo)師。一個是河南大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院的蔡新樂博士，一個是河南大學(xué)文學(xué)院的張如法教授。正是他們兩個在學(xué)術(shù)和生活中對我的指導(dǎo)和關(guān)心，使得我這個31歲才考上研究生、被許多人認為毫無發(fā)展前途的鄉(xiāng)村中學(xué)教師在外國文學(xué)研究的征途上迅速騰飛。我97年9月進校，98年5月就開始在國家級核心刊物上發(fā)表學(xué)術(shù)文章。在短短的一年半時間里，我先后在《外國文學(xué)評論》、《國外文學(xué)》、《外國文學(xué)研究》和《四川外國語學(xué)院學(xué)報》等國家級核心刊物發(fā)表了5篇文章，這在當(dāng)時河南大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院是破天荒的。第三，要養(yǎng)成敏銳的學(xué)術(shù)洞察力。洞察力是從事某一專業(yè)活動具備的特殊判斷能力和本能的反應(yīng)，如從事文學(xué)需要文學(xué)洞察力，從事藝術(shù)需要藝術(shù)洞察力。一個科學(xué)家的科學(xué)洞察力高，是指他能夠感知某一研究工作是具有價值的，善于發(fā)現(xiàn)科學(xué)研究的發(fā)展方向，預(yù)測研究可能產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果，也就是機會來了他能夠抓住。科學(xué)洞察力包括直覺、靈感、頓悟和機遇等。其中,直覺是最重要的。哲學(xué)家康德說過：“沒有直覺的概念是空洞的，而沒有概念的直覺是盲目的。”當(dāng)然以直覺為代表的科學(xué)洞察力也不完全是天生的、神秘莫測的。貝弗里奇認為產(chǎn)生直覺的條件是：對問題進行了一段時間專注的研究，伴之以對解決問題的渴望；放下工作或轉(zhuǎn)而考慮其他；然后，一個想法戲劇性地突然到來，常常有一種肯定的感覺，人們經(jīng)常為先前竟然不曾想到這個念頭而感到狂喜或甚至驚奇。現(xiàn)代科學(xué)史上通過洞察力來獲得重大科研成果發(fā)現(xiàn)的例子屢見不鮮,其中最著名的包括德國物理學(xué)家倫琴發(fā)現(xiàn)×射線、英國細菌學(xué)家弗萊明發(fā)現(xiàn)青霉素、美國科學(xué)家巴丁、布拉頓和肖克萊發(fā)現(xiàn)鍺的空穴放大效應(yīng)（據(jù)此制成了世界上第一只晶體管）、美國天文物理學(xué)家彭齊亞斯和威爾遜發(fā)現(xiàn)宇宙背景輻射等。在河南大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院讀碩士期間，我們12個研究生都聽翟士釗老師講授英國小說和美國小說。翟老師在講授霍桑的小說《紅字>的時候,我發(fā)現(xiàn)作品中的主要任務(wù)的名字Hester Pryne, Arthur Dimmesdale, Roger Chillingworth 和 Pearl 都很特別,于是產(chǎn)生了強烈地研究這些人名的寓意及其和作品主題關(guān)系的沖動。我把我的研究成果寫成論文《霍桑〈紅字〉中的人名寓意研究》,投到赫赫有名的《外國文學(xué)研究》上,結(jié)果居然發(fā)表了。剛讀研究生就成功地在國家級核心刊物上發(fā)表文章,這更激發(fā)了我的學(xué)術(shù)洞察力和激情。翟老師在講授斯坦貝克的中篇小說《人鼠之間》的時候,我發(fā)現(xiàn)這篇小說除了開頭有一些景物描寫外,主要由人物的對話構(gòu)成。于是我開始研究這種獨特的小說形式,通過查閱相關(guān)資歷,我寫了論文《劇本小說---一種跨文本寫作的范式》,發(fā)表在中國最權(quán)威的外國文學(xué)刊物《外國文學(xué)評論》上。翟老師在講授馬克.吐溫的《哈克貝利.費恩歷險記》的時候,講到escapism 這種主題。我立刻開始思索什么是escapism,它與中國文學(xué)中的“遁世”有什么異同,它在美國文學(xué)中是怎么表現(xiàn)的。于是我寫出了《論美國遁世文學(xué)的理論建構(gòu)》,發(fā)表在另一個國家級核心刊物---《國外文學(xué)>上面。由于家庭出現(xiàn)重大

變故,我只聽翟老師講授了5部小說,結(jié)果就有5篇文章發(fā)表在國家核心刊物上。

第四,從一開始就要培養(yǎng)學(xué)術(shù)誠信。學(xué)術(shù)誠信主要有兩層含義：對待科學(xué)要講求“誠”，對待其他研究者及其勞動成果要講求信。可是這種對待學(xué)術(shù)的起碼要求如今也被一些科研人員拋在腦后,學(xué)術(shù)腐敗已經(jīng)在學(xué)界愈演愈烈，在我們耳熟能詳?shù)闹咝Ｖ校膊粩嘤袑W(xué)術(shù)腐敗的現(xiàn)象發(fā)生。例如北京大學(xué)人類學(xué)博導(dǎo)王銘銘的抄襲,上海交通大學(xué)陳進的芯片造假 ,清華大學(xué)教授劉輝在申請大學(xué)職位和職務(wù)時提供虛假的個人履歷和學(xué)術(shù)成果等。在國外,有震驚世界的韓國首爾大學(xué)黃禹錫干細胞造假。英國《自然生物學(xué)》主編可班德·普爾凡勒博士指出,“在發(fā)表于全球三大頂級科學(xué)刊物的６６０篇文章中，２０％在某些地方存在不同程度的剽竊之嫌。”美國生物醫(yī)學(xué)領(lǐng)域的學(xué)術(shù)造假次數(shù)持續(xù)呈上升趨勢。２００４年，美國遭到舉報后披露的科研造假案達到２７４起，比２００３年增長５０％，創(chuàng)下有史以來的最高記錄。曾經(jīng)在我們心目中被稱作白色象牙塔的知名高校，其光環(huán)不斷地被學(xué)術(shù)腐敗的丑聞所抹煞, 實在令人痛心。在我們高校的研究生中，也存在著較為嚴重的學(xué)術(shù)造假行為,具體體現(xiàn)在學(xué)期論文和學(xué)位論文的寫作上。他們在寫論文時極不認真,更不講誠信,直接把互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上的資歷下載下來,甚者連改動都不改動一下,以此來欺騙老師。若不是考慮他們將來的畢業(yè)問題,老師們真想把他們的成績判不及格,或終止他們的培養(yǎng)。所以你們新生一定要從一開始就養(yǎng)成誠信的良好美德,這是作為探索科學(xué)奧秘的學(xué)者最起碼的要求。第五,談?wù)勥x我作導(dǎo)師的研究生需具備的條件。首先,欲選我作導(dǎo)師的研究生要具備充實的文史哲知識。單靠死記硬背而獲得較高成績的研究生我并不喜歡帶,而那些雖然成績并不太高,但在本科階段對文學(xué)、史學(xué)、哲學(xué)和心理學(xué)等方面有廣泛涉獵的研究生是我所歡迎的。其次,欲選我作導(dǎo)師的學(xué)生必須對學(xué)術(shù)和科研具有強烈的興趣,愿意在我的指導(dǎo)下對前人未作深入研究的領(lǐng)域進行進一步的研究。那些對學(xué)術(shù)和科研沒有興趣或者沒有潛力、單純來拿碩士文憑的研究生應(yīng)該避免選我作導(dǎo)師。再次,欲選我作導(dǎo)師的學(xué)生要具有強烈的創(chuàng)新意識和較高的中、英文表達能力。沒有強烈的創(chuàng)新意識,就不會主動地去提出問題,進行深入的研究,自然就不會出科研成果。在寫論文尤其是學(xué)位論文時,就摸不著北,找不到題目可寫。有了強烈的創(chuàng)新意識,有了好的科研題目,如果沒有較高的中、英文表達能力,同樣是出不了成果的。

最后, 祝我們的雙向選擇成功, 也祝同學(xué)們在未來的研究性學(xué)習(xí)中取得進步,成為合格的研究生。

第二篇：英美文學(xué)

Analysis of Robinson Crusoe

2009級師范三班劉靜 Robinson Crusoe is written by Defoe(1660 ~ 1731), known as the father of English novel and the periodical literature.He is the father of the English novel and periodical literature, who was born in a family which was against the Anglican Protestant.His father is a businessman, doing business.His article influenced the later development of journal articles and newspaper.Because the speech, he was repeatedly arrested.At the age of 59 Defoe began writing fiction as a novelist, show remarkable ability.Robinson Crusoe Robinson is Defoe's first novel, is also one of the most famous novels.It is based on a British seaman on a deserted island alone for 4 years in exile records and creation.Robinson is the heroine of Defoe works in accordance with their ideals and created the character, he killed out of doing business, living on a desert island for 28 years, overcome all sorts of unimaginable difficulties.He start empty-handed, develop the island, not only to their own survival, and create a new world.He was a pioneer in the image, a real asset class hero.In this figure embodies the western ocean civilization tradition, with the outward development of curiosity, desire to conquer and spirit of adventure, praised the strength quality and working spirit.The novel opens English realistic novel road.In this novel, there are so many about the Wonderful part, but two points impress: one is the author of the narrative language easy to understand.In front of the book, the author use a lot of space to introduce Robinson in the sea to sea before, whether does not listen to parents' guide, but follow the guidance of the soul, the careful psychological description, the author description most incisive.Two is a fascinating story, the protagonist of nearly thirty years of life vividly in front of us, let our eyes as if emerging from a young life.Robinson Crusoe is to let a person look after all that the most primitive, most of my books, not only because it is the wonderful, and it gives us the modern enlightenment.The most qualities I learn from Robinson Crusoe is not his hard-working and brave, but his amazing mental capacity.One can imagine, a single large living alone on a desert island life ten years, no one to accompany him, even the most basic, and a person simply talk for a while to do.The deserted island there is no house, no rice, can only rely on his own hard to create a piece of heaven and earth.The first nonwhite character to be given a realistic, individualized, and humane portrayal in the English novel, Friday has a huge literary and cultural importance.Recent rewritings of the Crusoe story, like J.M.Coetzee’s Foe and Michel Tournier’s Friday, emphasize the sad consequences of Crusoe’s

failure to understand Friday and suggest how the tale might be told very differently from the native’s perspective.Besides his importance to our culture, Friday is a key figure within the context of the novel.Friday’s sincere questions to Crusoe about the devil, which Crusoe answers only

indirectly and hesitantly, leave us wondering whether Crusoe’s knowledge of Christianity is superficial and sketchy in contrast to Friday’s full

understanding of his own god Benamuckee.In short, Friday’s exuberance and emotional directness often point out the wooden conventionality of Crusoe’s personality.Despite Friday’s subjugation, however, Crusoe appreciates Friday much more than he would a mere servant.Crusoe does not seem to value intimacy with humans much, but he does say that he loves Friday, which is a

remarkable disclosure.Crusoe may bring Friday Christianity and clothing, but Friday brings Crusoe emotional warmth and a vitality of spirit that Crusoe’s own European heart lacks.This novel shows that we need to believe ourselves, where there is a will, there is way.Use our hands, then see a new world.What is more, we are not only live ourselves in the world, we need to care about others.Be brave, and

never lose hope.

第三篇：英美文學(xué)

術(shù)語解釋：

Couplets: a rhymed pair of Iambic pentameter lines.Blank verse: unrhymed Iambic pentameter lines.Sonnet: 14 Iambic pentameter lines which follows certain rhyme schemes.2.The conquest: In the year the Normans headed by which is mainly about 4.The Canterbury Tales, in Chaucer’s plan, was to exceed that of Boccaccio’s Decameron, but he failed and only 24 tales were written.5.William Shakespeare, one of the first founders of realism.6.In the first period of his work Shakespeare wrote:

1590The Second and Third part of King Henry VI

1591The First part of King Henry VI

1592The Life and Death of King Richard III;The Comedy of Errors

1593Titus Andronicus;The Taming of the Shrew

1594The Two Gentlemen of Verona;Love’s Labour’s Lost;Romeo and Juliet

1595The Life and Death of Richard II;A Midsummer Night’s Dream

***8Much Ado About Nothing;The Merry Wives of Windsor;The Life of King Henry V

1599The Life and Death of Julius Caesar;As You Like It

1600Twelfth Night, or, What You Will

In the second period:

1601 1602 Troilus and Cressida;All’s Well That Ends Well

160416051606Antony and Cleopatra

1607The Tragedy of Coriolanus;Timon of Athens

1608Pericles, Prince of Tyre

In the third period:

1609Cymbeline, King of Britain

1610The Winter’s Tale

1612The Tempest;The Life of King Henry VIII

7.Hamlet.To be, or not to be: that is the question: is soliloquy which used in a play on the stage and without a listener.To die, to sleep, no more.8.Francis Bacon is scientist, philosopher, essayist.John Donne, a metaphysical poets(玄學(xué)派詩人)

John Milton, his Paradise Lost, which tells how Satan rebelled against God and how Adam and Eve were driven1

out of Eden.John Bunyan, The plain man’s pathway to heaven.成功刻畫人物。

Daniel Defoe, Robinson Crusoe, the first English novel, 是一部現(xiàn)實主義小說，作品的主題是通過對主人公魯濱孫的成功刻畫，歌頌資本主義上升時期那種不畏艱難和困苦，充滿野心和冒險精神，富有百折不撓，頑強毅力和斗志，依靠自己的雙手改變一切、創(chuàng)造一切的自我奮斗和創(chuàng)業(yè)精神。Is a realistic novel, the theme is according to the successfully describe of the hero Robinson, sing the praises of the not afraid of hardships and difficulties, and full of ambition and spirit of adventure , indomitable will power and fighting power, what’s more, the spirit of self-made depending on oneself in the liftperiod of capitalism.John Swift, his Gulliver’s Travels, 抨擊當(dāng)時英國的議會政治和反動的宗教勢力，通過描寫格列佛四次遇險，寫出了作者看透了當(dāng)代的腐敗，以諷刺的方法，抨擊了當(dāng)時腐敗的社會。Attack the Britain

parliamentarism and reactionary religious forces, according to describe Gulliver’s four-time distress to show the writer has understood the contemporary social corruption, and attack the corrupted society by satire at that time.Henry Fielding is the father of English novel.John Smith is the first American writer.Thomas Jefferson is the writer of The Declaration of Independence.The literature of romanticism period is from American War of Independence to before the Civil War.combining historical romance loaded with symbolism and deep psychological themes, bordering on

surrealism.His depictions of the past are a version of historical fiction used only as a vehicle to express

Transcendentalism是美國浪漫主義最高潮時期的體驗，認為世間萬物都是平等的。

Henry David Thoreau is the beginner of transcendentalism.Herman Melville, American novelist, proser and poet.Moby Dick, in which shows the struggle between

mankind and nature and draw people’s attention on how to get along with nature properly.He wants to subvert transcendentalism.9.詩歌鑒賞

Sonnet 18

Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?我能否將你比作夏天？

Thou art more lovely and more temperate:你比夏天更美麗溫婉。

Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,狂風(fēng)將五月的蓓蕾凋殘，And summer's lease hath all too short a date;夏日的勾留何其短暫。

Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,休戀那麗日當(dāng)空，And often is his gold complexion dimm'd,轉(zhuǎn)眼會云霧迷蒙。

And every fair from fair sometime declines,休嘆那百花飄零，By chance or nature's changing course untrimm'd:催折于無常的天命。

But thy eternal summer shall not fade唯有你永恒的夏日常新

Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st,你的美貌亦毫發(fā)無損。

Nor shall Death brag thou wand'rest in his shade,死神也無緣將你幽禁，When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st.你在我永恒的詩中長存。

So long as men can breathe or eyes can see,只要世間尚有人吟誦我的詩篇，So long lives this,and this gives life to thee.這詩就將不朽，永葆你的芳顏。

全詩的基本格律是五音步抑揚格（iambic pentameter），包括三個四行組（quatrain）和一個對偶句(couplet)，采用典型的莎氏十四行的韻式，即abab cdcd efef gg。

二、比喻和描述有時平淡或離奇，破壞意美

Sonnet 29

When, in disgrace with fortune and man's eyes當(dāng)我受盡命運和人們的白眼，I all alone beweep my outcast state暗暗地哀悼自己的身世飄零，And trouble deaf heaven with my bootless cries徒用呼吁去干擾聾瞶的昊天,And look upon my self and curse my fate顧盼著身影，詛咒自己的生辰，Wishing me like to one more rich in hope愿我和另一個一樣富于希望，F(xiàn)eatured like him,like him with friends possess'd面貌相似，又和他一樣廣交游，Desiring this man's art and that man's scope希求這人的淵博，那人的內(nèi)行，With what I most enjoy contented least最賞心的樂事覺得最不對頭；

Yet in these thought myself almost despising可是，當(dāng)我正要這樣看輕自己，Haply I think on thee,and then my state忽然想起了你，于是我的精神，Like to the lark at break of day arising便象云雀破曉從陰霾的大地

From sullen earth sings hymns at heaven's gate振翮上升，高唱著圣歌在天門：

For thy sweet love remember'd such wealth brings一想起你的愛使我那么富有，That then I scorn to change my state with kings和帝王換位我也不屑于屈就。

賞析：對社會、對自己的命運的不滿和無奈。格律是五音步抑揚格（iambic pentameter）.韻式，即abab

cdcd efef gg。

To a Waterfowl《 致 水 鳥 》

-----by William Cullen Bryant威廉·卡倫·布賴恩特

Whither, 'midst falling dew,披著滴落的露珠，While glow the heavens with the last steps of day,天空燦爛，白日的行程就要結(jié)束；

Far, through their rosy depths, dost thou pursue穿過玫瑰色的遙遠空際，Thy solitary way?你往何方把孤單的前程追逐？

總結(jié)：As the dew falls and the sun sets in the rosy depths of the heavens, I wonder where you(waterfowl)are

going?

Vainly the fowler's eye看你遠遠飛翔而無計可施，Might mark thy distant flight to do thee wrong,捕鳥人的眼光徒勞眷顧；

As, darkly painted on the crimson sky,滿天紅霞把你映襯，Thy figure floats along.暗黑的身影飄飄飛舞。

總結(jié)：the hunter can bring no harm to you ,you are free and safe.Without success, a hunter(fowler)might try to

bring you down as you float in silhouette against the crimson evening sky.Seek'st thou the plashy brink你是在尋找開闊的大河之濱，Of weedy lake, or marge of river wide,還是波浪拍岸的水草之湖？

Or where the rocking billows rise and sink或者潮水沖刷的海灘，On the chafed ocean side?那里的巨浪奔騰起伏？

? 總結(jié)：are you seeking for a place that is suitable for rest? Are you looking for the marshy edge of a lake,the bank of a river, or the shore of the ocean?

There is a Power whose care有上蒼把你關(guān)照，Teaches thy way along that pathless coast,--在無路的海岸為你指路，The desert and illimitable air,--在荒漠和無邊的空際，Lone wandering, but not lost.你孤單的飄蕩不致迷途。

? 總結(jié)：There is a Power that leads you on your way across deserts and through unlimited expanses of air.You may be wandering and alone, but you are not lost.All day thy wings have fann'd你成天翕動翅膀，At that far height, the cold thin atmosphere:任空氣稀薄暴風(fēng)寒冷，飛在高處，Yet stoop not, weary, to the welcome land,疲乏中你不肯降落舒適的大地，Though the dark night is near.即使黑夜即將緊閉它的帷幕。

總結(jié)：you have been flying the whole day, but do not stop and have a rest though dark is coming.You have been flapping your wings all day high in the sky, yet you continue on even though night is near and land beckons beneath you.And soon that toil shall end,你很快就會結(jié)束這樣的勞苦，Soon shalt thou find a summer home, and rest,你即將找到你夏天的住處；

And scream among thy fellows;reeds shall bend休息中呼喚自己的伙伴，Soon o'er thy sheltered nest.蘆葦也會躬身把你的窩巢遮護。

? 總結(jié)：you have a strong desire to be with your family;or, to achieve your goal.Soon your journey will

end.Soon you will descend to your summer home.There, you will scream among others of your kind and find secure shelter among the tall grasses.Thou'rt gone, the abyss of heaven你的身軀全被吞沒，Hath swallowed up thy form;yet, on my heart天堂深淵里，你蹤影全無；

Deeply hath sunk the lesson thou hast given,然而你的啟迪深深留在我的心底，And shall not soon depart.我將久久地久久地把它記住。

? 總結(jié):I can no longer see you, but I will never forget the lesson you taught me.He, who, from zone to zone,誰，從一個地方到另一個地方，Guides through the boundless sky thy certain flight,指引你穿越無限的天空作必然的飛翔，In the long way that I must tread alone,也會在我必須獨自跋涉的長途上，Will lead my steps aright.正確地引導(dǎo)我的腳步。

賞析：There are eight 4-line stanzas, in each stanza, their rhyme is abab.

第四篇：英美文學(xué)

《英美文學(xué)》復(fù)習(xí)方法

一、找到《英美文學(xué)》的輔導(dǎo)書，例如《自考一本通》《自考直通車》等類型的漢語版輔導(dǎo)書。

二、先把漢語版輔導(dǎo)書的課文翻譯通讀，理解了全書每個章節(jié)的內(nèi)容和知識點；用漢語記錄重點；

三、第一輪復(fù)習(xí)順序：

1、先看英國文學(xué)，后看美國文學(xué)

2、按照時間順序看，每個時代都有代表性文學(xué)流派和代表作家及代表性作品

3、按照課本的章節(jié)順序，看完漢語譯文后，對照英語譯文，劃出課本上對每個時代代表性流派，代表作家和代表作品的描述和評論。名詞性描述一般是填空題和選擇搭配題；評論部分是簡單題和問答題；*只看代表性的重要信息，非代表性作品和作家生平介紹不用看；記住某個時代某個流派有哪些代表作家，哪些代表性作品及該作品的簡要介紹和評論。

4、按照章節(jié)劃出重點信息，然后整理筆記；

5、全部整理完畢之后，基本上對文學(xué)史和代表文學(xué)作品有了基本了解。

四、第二輪復(fù)習(xí)順序

1、找到歷年真題，做題的時候?qū)φ沾鸢福瑢ふ以摯鸢冈谡n文原文中的原始線索，并作好整理記錄；

2、整理理解全部真題的答案以后，對課本的重點知識就有了比較清楚的理解；

五、考前突擊復(fù)習(xí)

1、依據(jù)真題筆記和第二輪復(fù)習(xí)的筆記，對不熟悉的部分進行重點復(fù)習(xí)。

2、根據(jù)以往考題的研究，舊題還會重新考，所以大家要關(guān)注所有做過的真題和各章節(jié)中沒有考過的但屬于代表性知識的部分，這些有可能是將要考的新題。自學(xué)考試已經(jīng)有歷史了，所以過去的真題加起來也就是全書的重點知識網(wǎng)絡(luò)，所以認真復(fù)習(xí)真題并理解消化，整理幫助記憶，這對于考試制勝是最好的辦法。

*警告：千萬不要拋開課本直接做真題；

千萬不要死記硬背，而是要在理解的基礎(chǔ)上反復(fù)讀，抄寫，默記；反復(fù)整理筆記，新的筆記只記錄沒有掌握好的，直到最后的筆記成為提綱式的。

〈高級英語〉復(fù)習(xí)方法說明；

一、對照輔導(dǎo)書，精讀課文，做課后練習(xí)；

二、找來歷年考試真題，認真做，查到答案在課本中的相關(guān)地方

三、認真復(fù)習(xí)真題，總結(jié)知識點；錯題本，反復(fù)研究錯題

四、回到課本，從頭到尾認真閱讀課文，全面復(fù)習(xí)重點知識點；

五、整理真題，再次復(fù)習(xí)錯題；

*高級英語上下冊32個單元，復(fù)習(xí)面積很大，所以必須早動手，狠下功夫。

祝愿大家能夠取得優(yōu)秀的成績！

第五篇：英美文學(xué)

SIR THOMAS MALORY

(1405-1471)

The OutlineI.SIR THOMAS MALORY

II.Morte d' Arthur《亞瑟王之死》

III.Questions for Discussion

.SIR THOMAS MALORY(1405-1471)

Life: He was very rich because he inherited a

considerable estate in Warwickshire(a county in west

central England)upon his father's death in 1433 and he

seems to have quickly become drawn into the turmoil of

local politics.In 1445, he became a Member of

Parliament for his county: a rather unstable area during

this time because the usually powerful Earl of Warwick,was only in his mid-teens.A lot of political affairs in Warwickshire led Sir

Thomas into his numerous clashes with the law.From

1444 onwards, he was caught up in raids(襲擊)on the

attacks on the Duke of Buckingham and Combe Abbey

大修道院,大寺院 , as well as a number of thefts in the county

of Essex.Keen to blacken his name, Sir Thomas'

enemies branded(給某人加上污名)him “a rapist, church-

robber, extortioner(勒索者，敲詐者)and would-be

murderer".Unlucky or incompetent,Sir Thomas was certainly in prison almost

continuously throughout the 1450s, though he did

escape several times.His pardon came to him in

October 1462, followed by military service in

Northumbria.From then on he kept his head down,but may have become embroiled(使卷入)in Cook's

Conspiracy(陰謀活動)of 1468, for which he was

imprisoned.There, he turned to writing and earned

eternal fame.Sir Thomas died on 12th March 1471,probably in Newgate Prison(London).He was buried in the nearby Friary Church of St.Francis.II.Morte d' Arthur

《亞瑟王之死》

Malory's tale begins with the mysterious birth of Arthur and ends with his equally mysterious death.The central concern is with the adventures of Arthur and his famous Knights of the Round Table.The knights fight many battles and win glory, all of which is a credit to the name of King Arthur.Near the end of the story, however, the tide of good fortune turns.Launcelot, one of Arthur's knights, falls in love with Arfhur's queen, Guinever, and the lady

returns his love.One by one the other knight become discontented(使不滿), selfish, or

disillusioned(使醒悟;使不再抱幻想;使...的理想破滅).Thus weakened, the kingdom is attacked by force under Sir Mordred, Arthur's treacherous(背叛的;不忠的)nephew, and ultimately it goes down in defeat.Arthur is borne away(被...所驅(qū)使)on a barge(大型平底船)by three mysterious ladies of the Lake.Morte d‘Arthur was written in a time of transition.The feudal order was dying.By the time Malory began writing his story, soldiers were fighting with gunpowder, a middle class of

tradesmen was arising;and the practices of chivalry were being replaced(代替,取代)by a new aristocratic code.Malory, in a desire to escape the disorder and uneasiness of his day,tried to recapture lost ideals of the romantic past as recounted(敘述,講述)in his tale of noble kings, adventurous knights, and damsels(少女;閨女)in distress(悲痛;苦惱;憂傷;貧困,窮苦;危難;不幸;引起痛苦或悲痛的事物).This book is very important in English literature.Its Arthurian materials have a strong influence on literature of later centuries.III.Questions for Discussion

1.What are the features of Popular Ballads?

2.What is the story of Morte d‘Arthur ?

3.Why is Sir Thomas Malory an important writer the 15th century?

1.What are the features of Popular Ballads?

See the last paragraph on Page 50 to the fifth paragraph on Page 51.of our text book.What is the story of Morte d‘Arthur ?See Page 6 –9 of our PPt..Why is Sir Thomas Malory an important writer the 15th century?

See the first paragraph on Page 52 of our text book.