第一篇：英美文學教學

模式，提出了將名著改編電影具體用于英美文學教學的具 體方式方法，使之既有利于深化理解經典名著，又有利于提 高學生的英語水平。

關鍵詞：名著；電影；英美文學；教學

英美文學課是我國高等學校英語專業開設的一門必修

課。雖然各高校英美文學課的授課方式各異，但基本上都是 采用主要講授文學史、文學選讀或文學史與文學選讀相結合 這三種模式。無論采用哪一模式，經典文學名著的學習都是 必不可少的。由于大部分的名著篇幅較長、語言難度較大、涉 及的文化背景較多，學生要真正做到對原文的全面、深入理 解絕非易事。于是，一些英美文學教師和學習者將注意力轉 向了由英美文學名著改編而成的電影，希冀通過觀看電影加 強對文學作品的理解。這在一定程度上對于理解原著是有一 定幫助的，但我們必須看到，觀看電影并不能代替閱讀原著。誠然，他山之石，可以攻玉，但首先應該處理好石和玉之間的 關系。對于英美文學教學而言，理解、欣賞原版文學名著是 玉，觀賞由名著改編的電影則是石。也就是說，電影在英美文 學教學中可以起到一定的有益作用，但絕不能舍本逐末。在 教學實踐中，如果教師能有效利用電影這一載體，揚長避短、趨利避害，無疑對提高英美文學的教學質量會有很大幫助。在英美文學課上利用電影促進教學可以采用以下幾種 方式：

1.課堂上放映整部影片。這種方式應主要用于理解、分析 文學史上一些最偉大作家的最偉大作品，要盡可能采用第一 種類型即移植型的改編電影。放映整部電影一般耗時較長，可用兩次課的時間來完成。教師應在放映電影前向學生介紹 作者和作品所反映的時代精神等方面的知識。學生在觀看影 片前應對原作的基本故事情節有所了解，最好能通讀原著，這樣可以更好地通過影片加深對原著的理解。教師還應預先 設計一些相關問題，在學生看完影片后加以討論研究。但是，由于學時的限制，在具體教學過程中不宜過多采用這種方 式，每個學期有一兩次就可以了。

2.課堂上講授文學作品的相關知識，簡單介紹作品的背

景和人物，要求學生利用課余時間觀看影片。可以由班級組 織集體觀看，也可以讓學生自行觀看。這種方式的好處是既 不占用正常的上課時間，又有助于增進學生對作品的理解。教師在課堂上也應布置相應的思考題，讓學生帶著問題來觀 看影片。這種方式最好選擇移植型或再解釋型的改編電影。如果采用第二種類型，應該提醒學生注意影片在何種程度上 對原作進行了藝術性的加工，讓學生思考這種改動的目的是 什么。學生看過影片后，教師應在下次課上進行簡短的提問 和總結，以鞏固學生的學習效果。

3.將影片的部分精彩片段制作成簡短的電影剪輯，在授

課過程中根據需要進行播放。這種方式大都運用在使用多媒

體進行教學的英美文學課堂上，對教學硬件有一定的要求。在高等教育得到日新月異大發展的今天，各個高等院校都非 常重視利用多媒體技術進行教學，教師運用多媒體技術輔助 教學的能力也提高很快，故而這種方式值得提倡。在英美文 學的教學過程中，無論是講授文學史還是文學選讀，利用多 媒體技術穿插播放一些電影剪輯都可以調動和吸引學生的 注意力，激發學生的學習積極性和主動性，進而培養學生學習文學的興趣。制作電影剪輯可以使用以上提到的三種類型 改編電影的任何一種，但制作的剪輯一定是在原作中具有代 表性并盡可能忠實于原作的。運用電影剪輯這種教學方式具 有很多優勢，占用時間少、學生課堂上注意力更為集中，積極 性與參與性也更強，往往可以事半功倍，達到理想的教學效 果。

電影與文學作品雖有很大區別（例如電影側重外部語言

和動作，小說側重敘事和描寫；電影要考慮到票房收入、觀眾 心理、愉悅功能等），但只要選材得當、運用得法，電影這門表 現藝術是完全可以促進英美文學教學的。在英美文學課上適 時運用電影教學，又可以反過來提高學生的聽說能力和文化 理解力，提高學生的實用英語水平。但是，如果不加以正確引 導，盲目地讓學生過多觀看名著改編的電影，又容易使學生 養成惰性，忽視對文學作品的閱讀。畢竟觀看電影要比閱讀 作品輕松得多。因此，他山之石，若要攻玉，首先要求作為匠 人的英美文學教師要選好石，并且使用科學的方法，才能真 正實現攻玉的目的。

參考文獻：

[1]王松林、李洪琴.電影的文學性、文化性與英美文學教 學.外語與外語教學，2003（9）。

[2]劉蘋蘋.英文原版電影與英美文學教學.電影評介，2008

（5）。

[3]謝遐均.多媒體在外語教學中的幾種應用模式.教學 與管理，2005（18）。

[4]劉儀華.高校英美文學與影視輔助教學.電影評介，2006

（10）。

[5]田俊武、李群英.電影的越界和現當代美國文學.文藝 理論與批評，2006（6）。

他山之石何以攻玉

———淺論如何利用名著改編電影促進英美文學教學 劉英杰

（長春大學外國語學院）

第二篇：英美文學

A summery of first two lessons

From the previous classes, we＇ve essentially get an brief idea of some basic knowledge about the United Kingdom.The main knowledge points can be concluded as follows:

The full name of the complicated country is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.Britain is no longer an imperial country, though its past has huge effects.The two main effects respectively lie in Britain＇international relationships and the make-up of the British population.UK, as a multiracial society, has the remarkable class regional and economic differences.London, the capital and the largest city, is dominant in the UK in all fields.England, the largest in geography and population of the four nations, dominant in culture and economy.A British invasions history which experiences from stages.Scotland, the most confident of its own identity, has spent a history as a unified state independent of the UK.Scotland joined the Union by agreement of the English and Scottish parliament.A brief introduction to Wales.Northern Ireland has an active cultural life but has its problems because of the conflicts and the influence of UK.Irish desires for an indepent Irish state all the time, therefore issues accurred in frequent succession.The Home Rule Bill, the East Rising of 1916 and the Sinn Fein Party made Irish independent.There exists religious conflicts between the Irish and the British because of the ethnical distinction.British government organised a partition of Ireland as a compromise.More violent campaign, IRA＇s violence and Bloody Sunday.In order to halt the terrible conflicts, Ireland and Great Britain aim to cooperate with each other and arrive at a resolution.Finally, the Good Friday Agreement was emerged.Learning first two lessons has laid a good foundation for our further study on the following lessons.I＇m looking forward to comprehend more knowledge about British politics, economy, culture and foreign relations and so on.

第三篇：英美文學

severalfamous sonnets – a powerful expose of social evils

of the poet’s age,– on steadfast love

Artistic achievement profound in their moral depth and more complex in their expressed feelings.University witsa group of talented youngdramatists

Christopher Marlowe(1564-1593)

?One of the “University wits”

?The greatest tragedy playwright before William Shakespeare

?His masterwork: Doctor Faustus(1604)(P75-76)

Doctor Faustus(1604)

Doctor Faustus’s contract with Lucifer, a devil.His twenty four year long life in an exchange for some magic power:

----playing tricks upon the Pope(The bishop of Rome and head of the Roman Catholic Church on earth.);

---calling for the spirit of Alexander the Great(the emperor ofMacedonia)and it appears;Doctor Faustus(1604)

---having succeeded in having Helen, the beauty of ancient Troy, as his wife.Finally, Doctor Faustus is sent to hell because of the deadly sin has damned both his body and his soul.Doctor Faustus(1604)

?Analysis of the hero: Doctor Faustus

Knowledgeable, but having blind faith in human intellect;

Ambitious and proud: A passionate seeker for

power, which comes from forbidden knowledge.?Doctor Faustus’s Biblical source:

The fall of Adam and Eve

William Shakespeare

He is the author of 37 plays, but we are not certain of his life story until now.Drama: his career may be dividedinto four periods.(P78)

---Comedies in the four periods

---Tragedies in the four periods

Plot of Four Great Tragedies(P86-P87)Othello:

---Othello: a capable general in Venice

---Desdemonon: a strong-minded, beautiful girl

---Iago: one of the officers under Othello

Reasons for the tragedy:

jealousy

Plot of Four Great Tragedies(P86-P87)Macbeth:

---Macbeth: to commit murder in order to become king knowing he will be the king of Scotland from the witch

---lady Macbeth: to encourage her husband

---Duncan: king of Scotand who was murdered by Macbeth

Reasons for the tragedy :ambition, lust for power

Plot of Four Great Tragedies(P86-P87)King Lear:

---King Lear: a wish to divide his kingdom and give it to his daughters

---Goneril and Regan: his two elder daughters who flatter him

---Cordelia: his youngest daughter who speaks her true mind but loves her father most

Reasons for the tragedy: Misjudgment

Hamlet

Leading characters:

?Hamlet : the Prince of Denmark

?King Hamlet: Father of the Prince, wecan only see his ghost

?Claudius: Hamlet’s uncle, now the King

?Gertrude: Hamlet’s mother, and the Queen of Denmark.? Polonius:Ophelia’s father, the King’s trusted courtier

?Laertes: Ophelia’s brother, Polonius’s son

Hamlet

Act 1:

Old Hamlet’sghost told Hamlet a tale of

horror.There has been murder andadultery;and the Ghost demands revenge for his wrongs.Hamlet makes a promise to revenge for his father’s death before the Ghostleaves.Act 2:

To dull his uncle’s vigilance, Hamlet pretends to go mad.However, his madness is taken by Polonius, an old courtier who is loyal to Claudius , to an emotionaldisturbance due to his passion for Ophelia, daughter of Polonius.At this moment, a company of playersvisits the castle, and Hamlet will have a play acted, which resembles the late king’s murder.Act 3:

The guilty Claudius starts up in fear before the play ends, and goes out.Gertrude sends Hamlet to her chamber, where he reveals Claudius’s baseness and expresses his indignation at her hasty marriage with Claudius, which renders the queen heart-broken.Then Hamlet becomes aware that he is being overheard in the conversation.Thinking it is Claudius that is in hiding, he runs his sword through the arras but finds the eavesdropper thus killed to be Polonius.Before he parts from his mother, Hamlet refers to the King’s decision to send him to England.Act4:

The king now determines to kill Hamlet.He sends Hamlet to England, intending to have him killed there.But pirates capture Hamlet and send him back to Denmark again.Heart-broken at the death of her father, Ophelia goes mad and then is drowned in a stream.Hamlet returns just at the time of her funeral.In the grave-yard he has a quarrel with Laertes, Ophelia’s brother.Laertes vows to avenge the death of his father and sister.Act 5:

With Laertes, Claudius conspires to do away with Hamlet.The kings arranges that Laertes is to challenge Hamlet to a friendly duel andkill him with a poisoned rapier.In the duel, Laertes wounds Hamlet but is himself struck with the same poisoned weapon.Before death, Laertes reveals the plot.The queen, at this moment, has drunk from a poisoned cup intended for Hamlet.Hamlet, in a passion, stabs the King, and then dies through his poisoned wound, giving the election to the crown to young Fortinbras, the prince of Norway.

第四篇：英美文學。

一、殖民主義時期The Literature of Colonial America

1．船長約翰?史密斯Captain John Smith

《自殖民地第一次在弗吉尼亞墾荒以來發生的各種事件的真實介紹》

“A True Relation of Such Occurrences and Accidents of Note as Hath Happened in Virginia Since the First Planting of That Colony”

《弗吉尼亞地圖，附：一個鄉村的描述》

“A Map of Virginia: with a Description of the Country”

《弗吉尼亞通史》“General History of Virginia”

2．威廉?布拉德福德William Bradford and John Winthrop

《普利茅斯開發歷史》“The History of Plymouth Plantation”

3．約翰?溫思羅普John Winthrop

《新英格蘭歷史》“The History of New England”

4．羅杰?威廉姆斯Roger Williams

《開啟美國語言的鑰匙》”A Key into the Language of America”

或叫《美洲新英格蘭部分土著居民語言指南》

Or “ A Help to the Language of the Natives in That Part of America Called New England ”

5．安妮?布萊德斯特Anne Bradstreet

《在美洲誕生的第十個謬斯》

”The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America

二、理性和革命時期文學 The Literature of Reason and Revolution

1。本杰明?富蘭克林Benjamin Franklin

※《自傳》“ The Autobiography ”

《窮人理查德的年鑒》“Poor Richard’s Almanac”

2。托馬斯?佩因Thomas Paine

※《美國危機》“The American Crisis”

《收稅官的案子》“The Case of the Officers of the Excise”

《常識》“Common Sense”

《人權》“Rights of Man”

《理性的時代》“The Age of Reason”

《土地公平》“Agrarian Justice”

3。托馬斯?杰弗遜Thomas Jefferson

※《獨立宣言》

4。菲利浦?弗瑞諾Philip Freneau

※《野忍冬花》“The Wild Honey Suckle”

※《印第安人的墳地》“The Indian Burying Ground”

※《致凱提?迪德》“To a Caty-Did”

《想象的力量》“The Power of Fancy”

《夜屋》“The House of Night”

《英國囚船》“The British Prison Ship”

《戰爭后期弗瑞諾主要詩歌集》

“The Poems of Philip Freneau Written Chiefly During the Late War”

《札記》“Miscellaneous Works”

第五篇：英美文學

SIR THOMAS MALORY

(1405-1471)

The OutlineI.SIR THOMAS MALORY

II.Morte d' Arthur《亞瑟王之死》

III.Questions for Discussion

.SIR THOMAS MALORY(1405-1471)

Life: He was very rich because he inherited a

considerable estate in Warwickshire(a county in west

central England)upon his father's death in 1433 and he

seems to have quickly become drawn into the turmoil of

local politics.In 1445, he became a Member of

Parliament for his county: a rather unstable area during

this time because the usually powerful Earl of Warwick,was only in his mid-teens.A lot of political affairs in Warwickshire led Sir

Thomas into his numerous clashes with the law.From

1444 onwards, he was caught up in raids(襲擊)on the

attacks on the Duke of Buckingham and Combe Abbey

大修道院,大寺院 , as well as a number of thefts in the county

of Essex.Keen to blacken his name, Sir Thomas'

enemies branded(給某人加上污名)him “a rapist, church-

robber, extortioner(勒索者，敲詐者)and would-be

murderer".Unlucky or incompetent,Sir Thomas was certainly in prison almost

continuously throughout the 1450s, though he did

escape several times.His pardon came to him in

October 1462, followed by military service in

Northumbria.From then on he kept his head down,but may have become embroiled(使卷入)in Cook's

Conspiracy(陰謀活動)of 1468, for which he was

imprisoned.There, he turned to writing and earned

eternal fame.Sir Thomas died on 12th March 1471,probably in Newgate Prison(London).He was buried in the nearby Friary Church of St.Francis.II.Morte d' Arthur

《亞瑟王之死》

Malory's tale begins with the mysterious birth of Arthur and ends with his equally mysterious death.The central concern is with the adventures of Arthur and his famous Knights of the Round Table.The knights fight many battles and win glory, all of which is a credit to the name of King Arthur.Near the end of the story, however, the tide of good fortune turns.Launcelot, one of Arthur's knights, falls in love with Arfhur's queen, Guinever, and the lady

returns his love.One by one the other knight become discontented(使不滿), selfish, or

disillusioned(使醒悟;使不再抱幻想;使...的理想破滅).Thus weakened, the kingdom is attacked by force under Sir Mordred, Arthur's treacherous(背叛的;不忠的)nephew, and ultimately it goes down in defeat.Arthur is borne away(被...所驅使)on a barge(大型平底船)by three mysterious ladies of the Lake.Morte d‘Arthur was written in a time of transition.The feudal order was dying.By the time Malory began writing his story, soldiers were fighting with gunpowder, a middle class of

tradesmen was arising;and the practices of chivalry were being replaced(代替,取代)by a new aristocratic code.Malory, in a desire to escape the disorder and uneasiness of his day,tried to recapture lost ideals of the romantic past as recounted(敘述,講述)in his tale of noble kings, adventurous knights, and damsels(少女;閨女)in distress(悲痛;苦惱;憂傷;貧困,窮苦;危難;不幸;引起痛苦或悲痛的事物).This book is very important in English literature.Its Arthurian materials have a strong influence on literature of later centuries.III.Questions for Discussion

1.What are the features of Popular Ballads?

2.What is the story of Morte d‘Arthur ?

3.Why is Sir Thomas Malory an important writer the 15th century?

1.What are the features of Popular Ballads?

See the last paragraph on Page 50 to the fifth paragraph on Page 51.of our text book.What is the story of Morte d‘Arthur ?See Page 6 –9 of our PPt..Why is Sir Thomas Malory an important writer the 15th century?

See the first paragraph on Page 52 of our text book.