第一篇：漢英法律專業詞匯

漢英法律專業詞匯（法理）

按照法律規定according to law

比較法comparative law

必然因果關系positive causal relationship

邊緣法學borderline jurisprudence

補救辦法remedial measures

不成文法unwritten law

不動產所在地法律 law of the place where the real property is situated 不可抗力 force majeure

不可讓與性inalienability

不履行法律義務non-performance of obligation

不作為abstain from an act;act of omission

部門法department law

部門規章regulation

成文法 written law

成文憲法 written constitution

沖突法 conflict of laws

除（本法）另有規定外 except for otherwise stipulated(by this law)除外責任條款 exclusion clause

觸犯公共利益 encroach on the public interests

從權利 accessory right

達到法定年齡 come of age

大陸法系 Continental Legal System

單行法規 specific regulations

單一制政府 unitary government

當然解釋 natural interpretation

道德規范norm of morality

道德義務 moral obligation

《德國民法典》German Civil code

法的本質 the nature of law

法的變化changes of law

法的定義definition of law

法的發展development of law

法的分類 divisions of law

法的概念concepts of law

法的規范作用normalized usage of law

法的繼承succession of law

法律的失效lapse of law

法律的實施law enforcement

法律的適用application of law

法律的統一 unification of law

法律的推定 presumption of law

法律的推理 analogy of law

法律的效力范圍 force’s scale of law

法律的修改alteration of law

法律的原理 principle of law

法律地位平等equal in legal status

法律對人的效力personal act of law

法律概念 legal concept

法律關系legal relation

法律關系客體 object of legal relation

法律關系主體 subject of legal relation

法律規定provisions of law

法律規范norm of law

法律規范的邏輯結構 logical structure of legal rule

法律規則體系 system of legal rules

法律含義 intendment of law

法律另有規定：otherwise stipulated by law

法律現象legal phenomenon

法律要件 legal requirement

法律意識 law-consciousness

法律意義 legal sense

法律用語 legal language

法律淵源 source of law

法律原理 legal doctrines

法律原則 principle of legality

法律約束 legal binding;legal restraint

法律責任 legal responsibility

法律責任的歸結 imputation of legal responsibility

法律責任的認定 determination of legal responsibility

法律責任的執行 enforcement of legal responsibility

法律責任客體 object of legal responsibility

法律責任主體 subject of legal responsibility

法律哲學 philosophy of law

法律制裁 legal sanction

法律制度legal system

法律秩序 legal order

法律主體資格 capacity as a subject of law

法系 legal system

法學方法 method of jurisprudence

法學院 faculty of law;law school

法院 court

法院調查 judicial investigation

法院管轄權 competence of court

法院判決 court decision

法制觀念 legal concept

法制觀念淡薄 very weak in the understanding of law

法治 rule of law

否決權 power veto;veto power

否認事實 denial of facts

服從法律 amenable to law;subject to the law

服從判決 accept a judgment

符合程序 be in order

剛性憲法 rigid constitution

高級人民法院 Higher People’s Court

高級人民檢察院 Higher People’s Procuratortate

規避法律 in fraud of law

規避義務 evade obligations

規范性法律文件 normalizative document of law

國際法international law

過錯推定原則 doctrine of presumption

過錯責任 liability for wrongs;tort liability

海事法院 court of admiralty

合法的個人財產 legal personal property

合法地位 legal status

合法權益 the lawful rights and interests

合法行為 lawful acts;legality of purpose

衡平法 equity

衡平法院 Court of Chancery(美)；Court of Equity（英）

后法取代前法 A later statute takes away the effect of a prior one.基本法 fundamental law

基本法律規范 basic norm of law

基本權利和義務 basic rights and duties

建立法律關系create legal relations

教會法 canon law

經常居住地：habitual residence

經法律許可 authorized by law

具有同等效力的 with equal authenticity

君主立憲制度 constitutional monarchy

可撤銷的法律行為 revocable juristic act

可讓與性 alienability

可預見的 foreseeable

可追溯的 retrospective

客觀條件 objective condition

客觀因素 objective factor

客體 object

擴充解釋 amplified interpretation

歷史解釋 historical interpretation

立法機構legislative body

立法權 law-making power;legislative power

利害關系人interested person

連帶法律關系 joint legal relations

連帶責任 joint and several obligation

論理解釋 logical interpretation

羅馬法Roman Law

邏輯解釋 logical interpretation

馬克思主義法學 Marxist jurisprudence

沒有事實根據的 unsubstantial

美國聯邦地區法院 United States district courts

美國聯邦法官 federal judge

沒有法律依據的 lawless

沒有判決先例的案件 case of first impression

民法典 civil code

民法法系Civil-Law System

民法通則：The General Principles of the Civil Law

民事權利能力：the capacity for civil rights

民事權益：civil rights and interests

民事制裁 civil punishment;civil sanction

明示或默示的 express or implied

偶然因果關系 fortuitous causal relationship

偶然因素 accidentalia

排他的權利 right to exclude all others

派生的權利 derived right

派生取得 derivative acquisition

判例法系 Case Law System

普通法法系 Common-Law System

普通法 common law

強制性法規 mandatory rule of law

強制性條款 mandatory term

侵犯財產權 property torts

侵權行為法 tort law

侵權責任 tortious liability

確認之訴 action for confirmation

人身非財產關系 personal non-property relations

人身關系 personal relation

任意解釋 arbitrary interpretation

柔性憲法 flexible constitution

商法 commercial law

社會關系 social relations

社會主義法制 socialist legal system;socialist rule of law

生效條款 operative clause

失效法律 expired laws

失效日 expiry date

施行細則 implementary provisions

實體權利 substantive right

實在法 positive law

實質條款 material stipulation

適用法律 reference to the law;applicable law

適用范圍 area of application;sphere of application

適用中國法律：be governed by the law of PRC(The law of PRC shall apply to)溯及既往原則 doctrine of retroactivity

溯及力 retrospect;retrospective effect

損害賠償 damages

特別程序 special procedure

特別法 special law

特殊主體 special subject

提案motion;overture;proposal

停止生效cease to have effect

外國法 foreign law

完全民事權利能力：full capacity for civil conduct

完全喪失行為能力的人 person entirely incapable of legal transaction 完全無行為能力 absolute disability

違法構成要件 essential condition of delict

違憲 violation of constitution

無國籍人stateless persons

無效的法律 void law

無效法律行為 void act;act without legal effect

習慣法custom law

狹義解釋 narrow definition

第二篇：文化體制改革詞匯(漢英對照)

文化體制改革詞匯（中英對照）

文化自覺 cultural self-awareness

文化人才 the talented pool for cultural development

文化復興 a cultural renaissance

文化生產力 cultural productive forces

文化軟實力 cultural soft power

民族凝聚力 national cohesion

加強誠信建設 to promote integrity in the civil society

文化體制改革 cultural system reform

國家榮譽制度 the national awards system

文化發展格局 cultural development framework

文化惠民工程 a cultural project benefiting the people

外向型文化企業 outward-oriented cultural enterprises

公益性文化事業 non-profit cultural undertaking

經營性文藝演出 commercial theatrical performance

社會主義榮辱觀 socialist values of honor and disgrace

“文化興國戰略” the strategy of invigorating China through culture

公共文化服務體系 civil cultural service system

文化行政管理體制 cultural administrative system

先進的社會主義文化 advanced socialist culture

社會主義核心價值體系 system of socialist code values

建設社會主義文化強國 to build a strong nation of socialist culture

保障人民基本文化權益 to guarantee people’s basic cultural rights and interests深化國有文化單位改革 to deepen the reform of state-owned cultural institutes做大做強新聞傳媒產業 to make a healthy and powerful news media industry發展健康向上的網絡文化 to develop a healthy Internet culture

經營性文化單位轉企改制 the transformation of state-owned cultural institutes 建設優秀傳統文化傳承體系 to establish a system for passing on China’s splendid traditional culture

中國特色社會主義共同理想 the common ideal of socialism with Chinese characteristics尋求解決文化問題的政治路徑 to seek a political resolution to cultural issues 加強職業道德建設和作風建設 to cultivate professional ethics and elegant manners 人民喜聞樂見的優秀文藝作品 excellent literal and artistic works popular with the masses 貼近實際、貼近生活、貼近群眾 close to reality, close to life, and close to the people

第三篇：漢英口譯分類詞匯(08)--經濟金融詞匯

漢英口譯分類詞匯(08)--經濟金融詞匯.txt單身很痛苦，單身久了更痛苦，前幾天我看見一頭母豬，都覺得它眉清目秀的什么叫殘忍？ 是男人，我就打斷他三條腿；是公狗，我就打斷它五條腿！漢英口譯分類詞匯漢英口譯分類詞匯（08）--經濟金融詞匯 不景氣 slump（衰退 recession）二板市場 the second board market 中國創業板 China Growth Enterprise Market 首次上市 IPOs(initial public offering)市場資本總額 market capitalization 法人股 institutional shares 內部股（非上市招股）private company shares 牛市 bull market 法律風險 legal risk 風險管理 risk management 堅持嚴格的貸款標準 maintain strong underwriting standards 六大風險 risks in 6 key areas(U.S.Federal Reserve criterion)信用風險 credit risk 供給學派 supply-side economist 第一產業（農業）agriculture(primary industry)第二產業（工業）manufacturing industry(secondary industry)第三產業（服務業）service industry(tertiary industry)主要經濟指標 major economic indicators 國內生產總值 GDP gross domestic product（商品和勞務幣值總和，不包括海外收入支出）國民生產總值 GNP gross national product（商品和勞務幣值總和，包括海外收入支出）人均國內生產總值 GDP per capita 宏觀經濟 macro economy 互助基金 mutual fund 擴大內需 expand domestic demand 改善居民心理預期 inspire the general public's confidence in the future needs 鼓勵增加即期消費 encourage more immediate consumption 長期國債 long-term treasury bonds 支付國債利息 to service treasury bonds 財政赤字和債務 deficits and the national debt 按原口徑計算 calculate on the base line 按不變價格計算 calculate at constant price 按可比價格計算 calculate at comparable price 列入財政預算支出 listed in the fiscal budget 結售匯制度 the system of exchange, settlement and sales 經常項目順差 favorable balance of current account, surplus of current account 開辦人民幣業務 engage in Renminbi(RMB)business 出口退稅制度 the system of refunding taxes on exported goods 保證金臺帳制度 Deposit account system for processing trade 分期付款 pay by installment 保值儲蓄 inflation-proof bank savings 抵押貸款 collateralised loans 住房抵押貸款 residential mortgage loan 貨幣主義者 monetarist 計劃經濟 planned economy 指令性計劃 mandatory plan 技術密集型 technology intensive 大規模生產 mass production 經濟林 cash tree 跟蹤審計 follow-up auditing 流動性風險 liquidity risk 操作風險 operational risk 內部審計 internal audit 拋售 bear sales 配套政策 supporting policies 中國人民銀行（中央銀行）The People’s Bank of China（central bank）四大國有商業銀行 4 major state-owned commercial banks 中國銀行 Bank of china 中國工商銀行 Industrial and Commercial Bank of China（）and 中國建設銀行 Construction Bank of China 中國農業銀行 Agricultural Bank of China 招商銀行 China Merchants Bank 疲軟股票 soft stock 配股 allotment of shares 實際增長率 growth rate in real terms 年均增長率 average growth rate per annum 投資回報率 rate of return on investment 外貿進出口總額 total foreign trade value 實際利用外資 incoming overseas capital(investment)in place 消費價格指數 consumer price index(CPI)零售價格指數 retail price index（RPI）

生活費用價格總指數 total price index of living cost 生活費用 income available for living expenses 扣除物價因素 in real terms / on inflation-adjusted basis 居民儲蓄存款 residents’ bank savings deposit 恩格爾系數（食品開支占總支出的比例）Engel coefficient 基尼系數（衡量地區差別）Gini coefficient 購買力平價法 purchasing power parity(PPP)（衡量使用不同貨幣的兩個國家或地區的經濟水平、收入水平的一種計算法，用相等的匯率比較兩種貨幣各自的國內購買力）

片面追求發展速度 excessive pursuit of growth 泡沫經濟 bubble economy 經濟過熱 overheating of economy 通貨膨脹 inflation 實體經濟 the real economy 經濟規律 laws of economics 市場調節 market regulation 優化資源配置 optimize allocation of resources 規模經營優勢 advantage of economies of scale 勞動密集型 labor intensive 市場風險 market risk 收緊銀根 tighten up monetary policy 適度從緊的財政政策 moderately tight fiscal policy 信用緊縮 credit crunch 加強國有商業銀行內部資金調度 In state commercial banks, internal capital allocation should be improved.合理劃分貸款審批權限 Limits of authority for examining and approving loans should be rationally defined.保證有市場、有效益、守信用企業的流動資金貸款 ensure floating capital loans for well-performing and trustworthy enterprises which turn out the right products for the right markets 啟動民間投資 attract investment from the private sector 適銷對路的產品 the right products / readily marketable products 國有企業 state-owned enterprises(SOEs)集體企業 collectively-owned(partnership)enterprises 私營企業 private businesses 民營企業 privately-run businesses 中小企業 small-and-medium-sized enterprises 三資企業（中外合資、中外合作、外商獨資）overseas-invested enterprises;foreign-invested enterprises(Chinese-overseas equity joint ventures, Chinese-overseas contractual joint ventures, wholly foreign-owned enterprises)存款保證金 guaranty money for deposits 貨幣回籠 withdrawal of currency from circulation 吸收游資 absorb idle fund 經常性貸款 commercial lending 經常性支出 operating expenses 再貸款 re-lending;subloan 支持國有大型企業和高新技術企業上市融資 support large state-owned enterprises and high and innovative technology companies in their efforts to seek financing by listing on the stock market 改制上市 An enterprise is re-organized according to modern corporate system so that it will get listed on the stock market.進一步規范和發展證券市場 further standardize and develop the securities market 增加直接融資比重 increase the proportion of direct financing 完善股票發行上市制度 improve the system for IPO and listing on stock markets 中國證監會 China Securities Regulatory Commission(CSRC)深圳證券交易所市 Shenzhen Stock Exchange 上海證券交易所 Shanghai Stock Exchange 綜合指數 composite index 納斯達克（高技術企業板）NASDAQ（National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation 主板市場 the main board 通貨緊縮 deflation 中國現代化建設分三步走的戰略the three-step development strategy of China’s modernization drive第一步，到1990年國民生產總值比1980年翻一番 Step One: GDP of 1990 doubles that of 1980.第二步，到2000年人均國民生產總值比1980年翻兩番，人民生活達到小康水平Step Two: GDP of 2000 quadruples that of 1980;people live a fairly comfortable life.第三步，到21世紀中期建國100周年時，達到中等發達國家水平Step Three: By the year 2049, the 100th anniversary of the P.R.C., China’s level of development is expected to be on par with the mid-ranking developed countries 與世界經濟的聯系將更加緊密 be more closely linked to the world economy 中國巨大的市場潛力將逐步轉化為現實的購買力 The huge market potential that China enjoys will be turned into tangible purchasing power.適應市場經濟需要的法律法規體系還不夠健全 The regulatory and legal system is not well established as to adapt to the demand of market economy.經濟管理體制可能會出現一些不適應 The economic management system may not be readily adapted to the changes.一些行業和企業可能會受到沖擊 Some sectors of economy and some businesses may be adversely affected.立足中國國情，發揮自身優勢 proceed from national conditions in China and bring our advantages into play 揚長避短，趨利避害，迎接經濟全球化的挑戰 foster strengths and circumvent weaknesses and rise to the challenge of economic globalization 瓶頸制約 bottleneck constraints 放權讓利 decentralization and interest concessions(in late 1980s and early 1990s)深化改革 intensify reform;deepen one’s commitment to reform 配套改革 supporting(concomitant)reforms 配套資金 counterpart funds;local funding of 提高經濟效益 improve economic performance;increase economic returns 講求社會效益 value contribution to society;pay attention to social effect 加速國民經濟信息化 develop information-based economy accelerate IT application in economy 拉動經濟增長 fuel economic growth 利改稅 substitution of tax payment for profit delivery 費改稅 transform administrative fees into taxes 債轉股 debt-to-equity swap 頭寸寬裕（頭寸緊缺）in an easy position(tight position)朝陽產業 sunrise industry 招標投標制 the system of public bidding for project 充分發揮貨幣政策的作用 give full play to the role of monetary policy 實施積極的財政政策 follow a pro-active fiscal policy 向銀行增發國債，擴大投資 The government issued additional treasury bonds to banks to increase investment.再注資 recapitalization 放松銀根 to ease monetary policy 信息經濟 IT economy 外向型經濟 export-oriented economy 信息時代 information age 全球化 globalization（全球性globality）信譽風險 reputational risk 風險評級 risk rating 到期不還貸 default on a loan 資不抵債 insolvency;be insolvent 亞洲金融危機 Asian financial crisis(1997-98)投資（貸款）組合 investment(loan)portfolio 外匯儲備充足 sufficient foreign exchange reserves 中國金融業問題 problems with financial sector in China 儲蓄比例過高 the excessively large proportion of savings in the money supply 國有企業產負債率過高 high leverage ratio of the state-owned enterprises, 國有獨資商業銀行不良資產比例過高 high ratio of non-performing loans of the state commercial banks 少數中小存款金融機構不能支付到期債務 insolvency of a handful of small and medium-sized financial institutions 不良貸款 non-performing loans 防范和化解金融風險 address financial risks 提高企業借貸和行使民事責任的能力 improve enterprises’ creditworthiness and ability to fulfil their civil liabilities 監事會 supervisory board 實行謹慎會計制度 adopt prudential accounting standards 五級分類法劃分貸款質量 the five-category asset classification approach 金融資產管理公司 financial asset management companies 分離和收回不良資產 substantially reduce the ratio of non-performing assets 分業管理、規模經營 business segregation, economy of scale 規范金融機構市場退出制度 improve the market exit mechanism for financial institutions 政策性銀行 state policy-related bank 國家發展銀行 State Development Bank 知識經濟 knowledge-based economy 網絡經濟 Internet-based networked economy 指導性計劃 guidance plan 社會主義市場經濟（中國）socialist market economy 社會市場經濟（德國）social market economy 新經濟（美國）new economy 中國光大銀行 Everbright Bank of China 中國民聲銀行 China Minsheng Banking Corporation Ltd.中信實業銀行 CITIC Industrial Bank 中國進出口銀行 China EXIM Bank 匯豐銀行 Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation(HKSBC)金融監管 financial supervision 中國人民銀行法 Law of the People’s Bank of China 商業銀行法 Law of Commercial Banks 保險法 Law of Insurance 證券法 Law of Securities 巴塞爾原則 Basel Core Principles 監管對象的行為有問題、管理機制不健全 problems of supervised entities’ behavior and the unsound internal governance mechanism 風險意識 consciousness of risk prevention 事前監管 proactive regulation and supervision account number 帳目編號 depositor 存戶 pay-in slip 存款單 a deposit form 存款單

a banding machine 自動存取機 to deposit 存款

deposit receipt 存款收據 private deposits 私人存款 certificate of deposit 存單 deposit book, passbook 存折 credit card 信用卡 principal 本金

overdraft, overdraw 透支 to counter sign 雙簽 to endorse 背書 endorser 背書人 to cash 兌現

to honor a check 兌付 to dishonor a check 拒付 to suspend payment 止付 check 支票

check book 支票本 order check 記名支票 bearer check 不記名支票 crossed check 橫線支票 blank check 空白支票 rubber check 空頭支票

check stub, counterfoil 票根 cash check 現金支票

traveler's check 旅行支票 check for transfer 轉帳支票 outstanding check 未付支票 canceled check 已付支票 forged check 偽支票

Bandar's note 莊票，銀票 banker 銀行家 president 行長

savings bank 儲蓄銀行 Chase Bank 大通銀行

National City Bank of New York 花旗銀行

Hongkong Shanghai Banking Corporation 匯豐銀行

Chartered Bank of India, Australia and China 麥加利銀行 Banque de I'Indo Chine 東方匯理銀行

central bank, national bank, banker's bank 中央銀行 bank of issue, bank of circulation 發行幣銀行 commercial bank 商業銀行，儲蓄信貸銀行 member bank, credit bank 儲蓄信貸銀行 discount bank 貼現銀行 exchange bank 匯兌銀行

requesting bank 委托開證銀行

issuing bank, opening bank 開證銀行 advising bank, notifying bank 通知銀行 negotiation bank 議付銀行 confirming bank 保兌銀行 paying bank 付款銀行

associate banker of collection 代收銀行 consigned banker of collection 委托銀行 clearing bank 清算銀行 local bank 本地銀行 domestic bank 國內銀行 overseas bank 國外銀行 unincorporated bank 錢莊 branch bank 銀行分行

trustee savings bank 信托儲蓄銀行 trust company 信托公司

financial trust 金融信托公司 unit trust 信托投資公司

trust institution 銀行的信托部 credit department 銀行的信用部

commercial credit company(discount company)商業信貸公司（貼現公司）neighborhood savings bank, bank of deposit 街道儲蓄所 credit union 合作銀行 credit bureau 商業興信所 self-service bank 無人銀行 land bank 土地銀行

construction bank 建設銀行

industrial and commercial bank 工商銀行 bank of communications 交通銀行 mutual savings bank 互助儲蓄銀行

post office savings bank 郵局儲蓄銀行 mortgage bank, building society 抵押銀行 industrial bank 實業銀行 home loan bank 家宅貸款銀行 reserve bank 準備銀行 chartered bank 特許銀行 corresponding bank 往來銀行

merchant bank, accepting bank 承兌銀行 investment bank 投資銀行

import and export bank(EXIMBANK)進出口銀行 joint venture bank 合資銀行 money shop, native bank 錢莊 credit cooperatives 信用社 clearing house 票據交換所 public accounting 公共會計 business accounting 商業會計 cost accounting 成本會計

depreciation accounting 折舊會計 computerized accounting 電腦化會計 general ledger 總帳

subsidiary ledger 分戶帳 cash book 現金出納帳 cash account 現金帳

journal, day-book 日記帳，流水帳 bad debts 壞帳 investment 投資 surplus 結余

idle capital 游資

economic cycle 經濟周期 economic boom 經濟繁榮

economic recession 經濟衰退 economic depression 經濟蕭條 economic crisis 經濟危機 economic recovery 經濟復蘇 inflation 通貨膨脹 deflation 通貨收縮 devaluation 貨幣貶值 revaluation 貨幣增值

international balance of payment 國際收支 favorable balance 順差 adverse balance 逆差 hard currency 硬通貨 soft currency 軟通貨

international monetary system 國際貨幣制度 the purchasing power of money 貨幣購買力 money in circulation 貨幣流通量 note issue 紙幣發行量 national budget 國家預算

national gross product 國民生產總值 public bond 公債 stock, share 股票 debenture 債券

treasury bill 國庫券 debt chain 債務鏈

direct exchange 直接（對角）套匯 indirect exchange 間接（三角）套匯 cross rate, arbitrage rate 套匯匯率

foreign currency(exchange)reserve 外匯儲備 foreign exchange fluctuation 外匯波動 foreign exchange crisis 外匯危機 discount 貼現

discount rate, bank rate 貼現率 gold reserve 黃金儲備

money(financial)market 金融市場 stock exchange 股票交易所 broker 經紀人 commission 傭金 bookkeeping 簿記 bookkeeper 簿記員

an application form 申請單 bank statement 對帳單 letter of credit 信用證 strong room, vault 保險庫 equitable tax system 等價稅則 specimen signature 簽字式樣

banking hours, business hours 營業時間 share, equity, stock 股票、股權 negotiable share 可流通股份

treasury /government bond 國庫券/政府債券

closed-end securities investment fund 封閉式證券投資基金 open-end securities investment fund 開放式證券投資基金 market capitalization 市值 mark-to-market 逐日盯市

clearing and settlement 清算/結算 put / call option 看跌/看漲期權 rights issue/offering 配股

ADR(American Depository Receipt)美國存托憑證/存股證 GDR(Global Depository Receipt)全球存托憑證/存股證 institutional investor 機構投資者 proprietary trading 自營 market manipulation 市場操縱

IPO(Initial Public Offering)新股初始公開發行 securities 證券 premium 溢價

share capital 股本

composite index 綜合指數 capital market 資本市場 liquidity 流通性

highly-leveraged institutions(HLI)高杠桿交易機構 subscribe 申購 underwriter承銷商 road show 路演

primary market 一級市場

information disclosure 信息披露 blue chips 藍籌股

gilt-edged bond 金邊債券 rating agency 評級機構 credit trading 信用交易

open/close a position 建/平倉 bond, debenture, debts 債券 convertible bond 可轉換債券 corporate bond 企業債券 fund manager 基金經理/管理公司 fund custodian bank 基金托管銀行 p/e(price/earning)ratio 市盈率 payment versus delivery 銀券交付

commodity/financial derivatives 商品/金融衍生產品 margins, collateral 保證金 bonus share 紅股 dividend 紅利/股息

retail / private investor 個人投資者/散戶 broker/dealer 券商

insider trading/dealing 內幕交易 prospectus招股說明書

merger and acquisition收購兼并 warrant 認股權證

raised capital/proceeds 籌資 component index 成份指數 turnover rate 換手率 monetary market 貨幣市場 hedge fund 對沖基金

self-regulatory organization(SRO)自律組織 issuer 發行人

intermediary 中介機構

secondary listing 第二上市 secondary market 二級市場

controlling shareholder 控股股東 red chips紅籌股 junk bond 立即債券 securities loan 融券 financing 融資 回首頁

第四篇：漢英口譯分類詞匯(08)--經濟金融詞匯

漢英口譯分類詞匯漢英口譯分類詞匯（08）--經濟金融詞匯 不景氣 slump（衰退 recession）二板市場 the second board market 中國創業板 China Growth Enterprise Market 首次上市 IPOs(initial public offering)市場資本總額 market capitalization 法人股 institutional shares 內部股（非上市招股）private company shares 牛市 bull market 法律風險 legal risk 風險管理 risk management 堅持嚴格的貸款標準 maintain strong underwriting standards 六大風險 risks in 6 key areas(U.S.Federal Reserve criterion)信用風險 credit risk 供給學派 supply-side economist 第一產業（農業）agriculture(primary industry)第二產業（工業）manufacturing industry(secondary industry)第三產業（服務業）service industry(tertiary industry)主要經濟指標 major economic indicators 國內生產總值 GDP gross domestic product（商品和勞務幣值總和，不包括海外收入支出）國民生產總值 GNP gross national product（商品和勞務幣值總和，包括海外收入支出）人均國內生產總值 GDP per capita 宏觀經濟 macro economy 互助基金 mutual fund 擴大內需 expand domestic demand 改善居民心理預期 inspire the general public's confidence in the future needs 鼓勵增加即期消費 encourage more immediate consumption 長期國債 long-term treasury bonds 支付國債利息 to service treasury bonds 財政赤字和債務 deficits and the national debt 按原口徑計算 calculate on the base line 按不變價格計算 calculate at constant price 按可比價格計算 calculate at comparable price 列入財政預算支出 listed in the fiscal budget 結售匯制度 the system of exchange, settlement and sales 經常項目順差 favorable balance of current account, surplus of current account 開辦人民幣業務 engage in Renminbi(RMB)business 出口退稅制度 the system of refunding taxes on exported goods 保證金臺帳制度 Deposit account system for processing trade 分期付款 pay by installment 保值儲蓄 inflation-proof bank savings 抵押貸款 collateralised loans 住房抵押貸款 residential mortgage loan 貨幣主義者 monetarist 計劃經濟 planned economy 指令性計劃 mandatory plan 技術密集型 technology intensive 大規模生產 mass production 經濟林 cash tree 跟蹤審計 follow-up auditing 流動性風險 liquidity risk 操作風險 operational risk 內部審計 internal audit 拋售 bear sales 配套政策 supporting policies 中國人民銀行（中央銀行）The People’s Bank of China（central bank）四大國有商業銀行 4 major state-owned commercial banks 中國銀行 Bank of china 中國工商銀行 Industrial and Commercial Bank of China（）and 中國建設銀行 Construction Bank of China 中國農業銀行 Agricultural Bank of China 招商銀行 China Merchants Bank 疲軟股票 soft stock 配股 allotment of shares 實際增長率 growth rate in real terms 年均增長率 average growth rate per annum 投資回報率 rate of return on investment 外貿進出口總額 total foreign trade value 實際利用外資 incoming overseas capital(investment)in place 消費價格指數 consumer price index(CPI)零售價格指數 retail price index（RPI）

生活費用價格總指數 total price index of living cost 生活費用 income available for living expenses 扣除物價因素 in real terms / on inflation-adjusted basis 居民儲蓄存款 residents’ bank savings deposit 恩格爾系數（食品開支占總支出的比例）Engel coefficient 基尼系數（衡量地區差別）Gini coefficient 購買力平價法 purchasing power parity(PPP)（衡量使用不同貨幣的兩個國家或地區的經濟水平、收入水平的一種計算法，用相等的匯率比較兩種貨幣各自的國內購買力）

片面追求發展速度 excessive pursuit of growth 泡沫經濟 bubble economy 經濟過熱 overheating of economy 通貨膨脹 inflation 實體經濟 the real economy 經濟規律 laws of economics 市場調節 market regulation 優化資源配置 optimize allocation of resources 規模經營優勢 advantage of economies of scale 勞動密集型 labor intensive 市場風險 market risk 收緊銀根 tighten up monetary policy 適度從緊的財政政策 moderately tight fiscal policy 信用緊縮 credit crunch 加強國有商業銀行內部資金調度 In state commercial banks, internal capital allocation should be improved.合理劃分貸款審批權限 Limits of authority for examining and approving loans should be rationally defined.保證有市場、有效益、守信用企業的流動資金貸款 ensure floating capital loans for well-performing and trustworthy enterprises which turn out the right products for the right markets 啟動民間投資 attract investment from the private sector 適銷對路的產品 the right products / readily marketable products 國有企業 state-owned enterprises(SOEs)集體企業 collectively-owned(partnership)enterprises 私營企業 private businesses 民營企業 privately-run businesses 中小企業 small-and-medium-sized enterprises 三資企業（中外合資、中外合作、外商獨資）overseas-invested enterprises;foreign-invested enterprises(Chinese-overseas equity joint ventures, Chinese-overseas contractual joint ventures, wholly foreign-owned enterprises)存款保證金 guaranty money for deposits 貨幣回籠 withdrawal of currency from circulation 吸收游資 absorb idle fund 經常性貸款 commercial lending 經常性支出 operating expenses 再貸款 re-lending;subloan 支持國有大型企業和高新技術企業上市融資 support large state-owned enterprises and high and innovative technology companies in their efforts to seek financing by listing on the stock market 改制上市 An enterprise is re-organized according to modern corporate system so that it will get listed on the stock market.進一步規范和發展證券市場 further standardize and develop the securities market 增加直接融資比重 increase the proportion of direct financing 完善股票發行上市制度 improve the system for IPO and listing on stock markets 中國證監會 China Securities Regulatory Commission(CSRC)深圳證券交易所市 Shenzhen Stock Exchange 上海證券交易所 Shanghai Stock Exchange 綜合指數 composite index 納斯達克（高技術企業板）NASDAQ（National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation 主板市場 the main board 通貨緊縮 deflation 中國現代化建設分三步走的戰略the three-step development strategy of China’s modernization drive第一步，到1990年國民生產總值比1980年翻一番 Step One: GDP of 1990 doubles that of 1980.第二步，到2000年人均國民生產總值比1980年翻兩番，人民生活達到小康水平Step Two: GDP of 2000 quadruples that of 1980;people live a fairly comfortable life.第三步，到21世紀中期建國100周年時，達到中等發達國家水平Step Three: By the year 2049, the 100th anniversary of the P.R.C., China’s level of development is expected to be on par with the mid-ranking developed countries 與世界經濟的聯系將更加緊密 be more closely linked to the world economy 中國巨大的市場潛力將逐步轉化為現實的購買力 The huge market potential that China enjoys will be turned into tangible purchasing power.適應市場經濟需要的法律法規體系還不夠健全 The regulatory and legal system is not well established as to adapt to the demand of market economy.經濟管理體制可能會出現一些不適應 The economic management system may not be readily adapted to the changes.一些行業和企業可能會受到沖擊 Some sectors of economy and some businesses may be adversely affected.立足中國國情，發揮自身優勢 proceed from national conditions in China and bring our advantages into play 揚長避短，趨利避害，迎接經濟全球化的挑戰 foster strengths and circumvent weaknesses and rise to the challenge of economic globalization 瓶頸制約 bottleneck constraints 放權讓利 decentralization and interest concessions(in late 1980s and early 1990s)深化改革 intensify reform;deepen one’s commitment to reform 配套改革 supporting(concomitant)reforms 配套資金 counterpart funds;local funding of 提高經濟效益 improve economic performance;increase economic returns 講求社會效益 value contribution to society;pay attention to social effect 加速國民經濟信息化 develop information-based economy accelerate IT application in economy 拉動經濟增長 fuel economic growth 利改稅 substitution of tax payment for profit delivery 費改稅 transform administrative fees into taxes 債轉股 debt-to-equity swap 頭寸寬裕（頭寸緊缺）in an easy position(tight position)朝陽產業 sunrise industry 招標投標制 the system of public bidding for project 充分發揮貨幣政策的作用 give full play to the role of monetary policy 實施積極的財政政策 follow a pro-active fiscal policy 向銀行增發國債，擴大投資 The government issued additional treasury bonds to banks to increase investment.再注資 recapitalization 放松銀根 to ease monetary policy 信息經濟 IT economy 外向型經濟 export-oriented economy 信息時代 information age 全球化 globalization（全球性globality）信譽風險 reputational risk 風險評級 risk rating 到期不還貸 default on a loan 資不抵債 insolvency;be insolvent 亞洲金融危機 Asian financial crisis(1997-98)投資（貸款）組合 investment(loan)portfolio 外匯儲備充足 sufficient foreign exchange reserves 中國金融業問題 problems with financial sector in China 儲蓄比例過高 the excessively large proportion of savings in the money supply 國有企業產負債率過高 high leverage ratio of the state-owned enterprises, 國有獨資商業銀行不良資產比例過高 high ratio of non-performing loans of the state commercial banks 少數中小存款金融機構不能支付到期債務 insolvency of a handful of small and medium-sized financial institutions 不良貸款 non-performing loans 防范和化解金融風險 address financial risks 提高企業借貸和行使民事責任的能力 improve enterprises’ creditworthiness and ability to fulfil their civil liabilities 監事會 supervisory board 實行謹慎會計制度 adopt prudential accounting standards 五級分類法劃分貸款質量 the five-category asset classification approach 金融資產管理公司 financial asset management companies 分離和收回不良資產 substantially reduce the ratio of non-performing assets 分業管理、規模經營 business segregation, economy of scale 規范金融機構市場退出制度 improve the market exit mechanism for financial institutions 政策性銀行 state policy-related bank 國家發展銀行 State Development Bank 知識經濟 knowledge-based economy 網絡經濟 Internet-based networked economy 指導性計劃 guidance plan 社會主義市場經濟（中國）socialist market economy 社會市場經濟（德國）social market economy 新經濟（美國）new economy 中國光大銀行 Everbright Bank of China 中國民聲銀行 China Minsheng Banking Corporation Ltd.中信實業銀行 CITIC Industrial Bank 中國進出口銀行 China EXIM Bank 匯豐銀行 Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation(HKSBC)金融監管 financial supervision 中國人民銀行法 Law of the People’s Bank of China 商業銀行法 Law of Commercial Banks 保險法 Law of Insurance 證券法 Law of Securities 巴塞爾原則 Basel Core Principles 監管對象的行為有問題、管理機制不健全 problems of supervised entities’ behavior and the unsound internal governance mechanism 風險意識 consciousness of risk prevention 事前監管 proactive regulation and supervision account number 帳目編號 depositor 存戶 pay-in slip 存款單 a deposit form 存款單

a banding machine 自動存取機 to deposit 存款

deposit receipt 存款收據 private deposits 私人存款 certificate of deposit 存單 deposit book, passbook 存折 credit card 信用卡 principal 本金

overdraft, overdraw 透支 to counter sign 雙簽 to endorse 背書 endorser 背書人 to cash 兌現 to honor a check 兌付 to dishonor a check 拒付 to suspend payment 止付 check 支票

check book 支票本 order check 記名支票 bearer check 不記名支票 crossed check 橫線支票 blank check 空白支票 rubber check 空頭支票

check stub, counterfoil 票根 cash check 現金支票

traveler's check 旅行支票 check for transfer 轉帳支票 outstanding check 未付支票 canceled check 已付支票 forged check 偽支票

Bandar's note 莊票，銀票 banker 銀行家 president 行長

savings bank 儲蓄銀行 Chase Bank 大通銀行

National City Bank of New York 花旗銀行

Hongkong Shanghai Banking Corporation 匯豐銀行

Chartered Bank of India, Australia and China 麥加利銀行 Banque de I'Indo Chine 東方匯理銀行

central bank, national bank, banker's bank 中央銀行 bank of issue, bank of circulation 發行幣銀行 commercial bank 商業銀行，儲蓄信貸銀行 member bank, credit bank 儲蓄信貸銀行 discount bank 貼現銀行 exchange bank 匯兌銀行

requesting bank 委托開證銀行

issuing bank, opening bank 開證銀行 advising bank, notifying bank 通知銀行 negotiation bank 議付銀行 confirming bank 保兌銀行 paying bank 付款銀行

associate banker of collection 代收銀行 consigned banker of collection 委托銀行 clearing bank 清算銀行 local bank 本地銀行 domestic bank 國內銀行 overseas bank 國外銀行 unincorporated bank 錢莊 branch bank 銀行分行

trustee savings bank 信托儲蓄銀行 trust company 信托公司

financial trust 金融信托公司 unit trust 信托投資公司

trust institution 銀行的信托部 credit department 銀行的信用部

commercial credit company(discount company)商業信貸公司（貼現公司）neighborhood savings bank, bank of deposit 街道儲蓄所 credit union 合作銀行 credit bureau 商業興信所 self-service bank 無人銀行 land bank 土地銀行

construction bank 建設銀行

industrial and commercial bank 工商銀行 bank of communications 交通銀行 mutual savings bank 互助儲蓄銀行

post office savings bank 郵局儲蓄銀行 mortgage bank, building society 抵押銀行 industrial bank 實業銀行 home loan bank 家宅貸款銀行 reserve bank 準備銀行 chartered bank 特許銀行 corresponding bank 往來銀行

merchant bank, accepting bank 承兌銀行 investment bank 投資銀行

import and export bank(EXIMBANK)進出口銀行 joint venture bank 合資銀行 money shop, native bank 錢莊 credit cooperatives 信用社 clearing house 票據交換所 public accounting 公共會計 business accounting 商業會計 cost accounting 成本會計

depreciation accounting 折舊會計 computerized accounting 電腦化會計 general ledger 總帳

subsidiary ledger 分戶帳 cash book 現金出納帳 cash account 現金帳

journal, day-book 日記帳，流水帳 bad debts 壞帳 investment 投資 surplus 結余

idle capital 游資

economic cycle 經濟周期 economic boom 經濟繁榮

economic recession 經濟衰退 economic depression 經濟蕭條 economic crisis 經濟危機 economic recovery 經濟復蘇 inflation 通貨膨脹 deflation 通貨收縮 devaluation 貨幣貶值 revaluation 貨幣增值

international balance of payment 國際收支 favorable balance 順差 adverse balance 逆差 hard currency 硬通貨 soft currency 軟通貨

international monetary system 國際貨幣制度 the purchasing power of money 貨幣購買力 money in circulation 貨幣流通量 note issue 紙幣發行量 national budget 國家預算

national gross product 國民生產總值 public bond 公債 stock, share 股票 debenture 債券

treasury bill 國庫券 debt chain 債務鏈

direct exchange 直接（對角）套匯 indirect exchange 間接（三角）套匯 cross rate, arbitrage rate 套匯匯率

foreign currency(exchange)reserve 外匯儲備 foreign exchange fluctuation 外匯波動 foreign exchange crisis 外匯危機 discount 貼現

discount rate, bank rate 貼現率 gold reserve 黃金儲備

money(financial)market 金融市場 stock exchange 股票交易所 broker 經紀人 commission 傭金 bookkeeping 簿記 bookkeeper 簿記員

an application form 申請單 bank statement 對帳單 letter of credit 信用證 strong room, vault 保險庫 equitable tax system 等價稅則 specimen signature 簽字式樣

banking hours, business hours 營業時間 share, equity, stock 股票、股權 negotiable share 可流通股份

treasury /government bond 國庫券/政府債券

closed-end securities investment fund 封閉式證券投資基金 open-end securities investment fund 開放式證券投資基金 market capitalization 市值 mark-to-market 逐日盯市

clearing and settlement 清算/結算 put / call option 看跌/看漲期權 rights issue/offering 配股

ADR(American Depository Receipt)美國存托憑證/存股證 GDR(Global Depository Receipt)全球存托憑證/存股證 institutional investor 機構投資者 proprietary trading 自營 market manipulation 市場操縱

IPO(Initial Public Offering)新股初始公開發行 securities 證券 premium 溢價

share capital 股本

composite index 綜合指數 capital market 資本市場 liquidity 流通性

highly-leveraged institutions(HLI)高杠桿交易機構 subscribe 申購 underwriter承銷商 road show 路演

primary market 一級市場

information disclosure 信息披露 blue chips 藍籌股

gilt-edged bond 金邊債券 rating agency 評級機構 credit trading 信用交易

open/close a position 建/平倉 bond, debenture, debts 債券 convertible bond 可轉換債券 corporate bond 企業債券

fund manager 基金經理/管理公司 fund custodian bank 基金托管銀行 p/e(price/earning)ratio 市盈率 payment versus delivery 銀券交付

commodity/financial derivatives 商品/金融衍生產品 margins, collateral 保證金 bonus share 紅股 dividend 紅利/股息

retail / private investor 個人投資者/散戶 broker/dealer 券商

insider trading/dealing 內幕交易 prospectus招股說明書

merger and acquisition收購兼并 warrant 認股權證

raised capital/proceeds 籌資 component index 成份指數 turnover rate 換手率 monetary market 貨幣市場 hedge fund 對沖基金

self-regulatory organization(SRO)自律組織 issuer 發行人

intermediary 中介機構

secondary listing 第二上市 secondary market 二級市場

controlling shareholder 控股股東 red chips紅籌股 junk bond 立即債券 securities loan 融券 financing 融資 回首頁

第五篇：專業詞匯

企業風險管理員相關概念

一、企業全面風險管理的概念：

企業全面風險管理是指企業在實現未來戰略目標的過程中，試圖將各類不確定因素產生的結果控制在預期可接受范圍內的方法和過程，以確保和促進組織的整體利益實現。

二、企業全面風險管理的意義：

企業全面風險管理的使命，即是：弱勢最小化管理，即防衛性損失最小化管理；管理不確定性；績效最優化管理。從而達到企業在制定和實施戰略目標的過程中把風險控制在可接受水平的方法和過程，以保障和促進企業目標的實現。

三、風險的分類：

1）依風險承擔主體可劃分為：個體風險（個人和家庭風險）、企業風險和公共風險（或國家風險）

2）依風險所涉及范圍劃分為：基本風險和特定風險

基本風險：自然、社會、經濟或政治等風險的組合風險。其形成一般需要一定的時間積累，往往呈現出人類或個體難以控制或不可控制。

特定風險：與特定的社會個體有因果關系的風險，如恐怖襲擊、偷盜、法律起訴等

3）依風險的損失形態劃分為：財產風險。人身風險和責任風險

4）依是否獲利劃分為：純粹風險和投機風險

純粹風險：指那些只有損失而無獲利可能性的風險

投機風險：那些既有損失可能又有獲利可能的風險，如市場風險，投資風險、開放新產品風險等。

四、風險相關概念

1）風險:事項可能性和其結果可能性的組合。

2）風險偏好：企業在制定和實現戰略目標過程中愿意承擔的風險數量。

3）風險容忍度：又稱風險容限或風險承受度，指一個企業在實現未來目標的過程中所

能夠接受的與目標的偏離度，或者說是指企業希望接受何種程度的波

動可能性與損失暴露。

4）危機：具有嚴重威脅、不確定性和由危機感的情景。危機是一種風險，但風險不一定

轉化為危機。

五、企業風險管理員在企業風險管理中的崗位與作用

在典型的大型企業中風險管理員的工作崗位主要分布在三至四個管理層面，在風險管理師或風險經理的指導下每日具體執行風險管理的任務。而在小企業中風險管理員有可能被直接任命為專職/兼職風險經理或被委任為風險責任人等角色。

1）在企業層面的風險管理部

2）在企業的業務單位層面

3）作為企業風險責任人的工作助理