第一篇：專業英語(國際貿易類)考核方式

專業英語（國際貿易類）考核方式

I.平時成績：100分

1.Presentation2×20=40

2次，每次20分，寫作材料10分，口語表現10分。

? Dialogue: 課后口語練習題，教師自己選擇在任意單元的課前10分鐘或課后10分鐘進行，每次2組即4名同學表演，必須背誦，教師當堂依據學生口語表現分別打分。課后教師給學生寫作材料打分，不要忘記在稿子上記錄批改時間，寫作材料中兩名學分得分相同，教師留下材料備案。

注：每次任務全1/2學生準備，教師任意選擇學生考試，不做對話的同學沒有成績。? Negotiation: 最后一周進行，3-5名同學一組，教師最好在negotiation之前給每組同學指定范圍（避免所有同學都對一方面進行談判，例如，2組同學談判價格，合同；2組同學談判包裝，運輸等），教師當堂依據學生表現打出口語成績，課后根據稿件給出寫作材料的成績，寫作材料留下備案）。

2.Quiz2×15=30

小考，題型2-3種，包括回答問題，術語翻譯，句子翻譯，填空等等，教師可1-2周前通知學生考試題型及單元范圍，供學生復習參考。例如:

1)單詞、短語、術語翻譯 1×10=10

2)句子翻譯/填空 1×5=5

注：小考可以用紙或作業本，教師依個人喜好而定，小考之后也可將試卷紙或作業本發給學生看，但之后不要忘記收回備案。

3.Mid-term Exam30

? 8-10周進行，任課教師自行出題，考完試后如有剩余時間需繼續上課 ? 考試形式為閉卷，內容可以參考課后題，或教師自己出題。

? 須包括信件寫作，格式不用很復雜，從Dear Sirs寫到Yours sincerely即可。? 試卷要有備案。

4．出勤不算成績，遲到一次扣5分，曠課一次扣10分，3次曠課取消平時考試成績，2次遲到按一次曠課處理。

II． 期末考試100分

下面是往年題型，供教師參考，2011年的考試題型不會有太大變動，會在考試前給出。統一筆試

題型：1.術語及常用表達20分(漢譯英10分，英譯漢10分)

2.選擇 10分（1*10=10）

3.選詞填空 10分（1*10=10）

4.回答問題 20分

5.翻譯 20分（漢譯英2*5=10分，英譯漢2*5=10分）

6.信函寫作 20分

期末考試為筆試，部分試題是課后練習題。

第二篇：國際貿易專業英語整理

可能出翻譯

(1)FOB: Free on Board(…named port of shipment)

裝運港船上交貨（……指定裝運港）“Free on Board” means that the seller fulfils his obligation to deliver when the goods have passed over the ship’s rail at the

named port of shipment.（2）CFR: Cost and Freight(…named port of destination)成本加運費（……指定目的港）

“Cost and Freight” means that the seller is responsible for chartering a liner and loading the goods on the liner at the stipulated time in the contract.（3）CIF: Cost Insurance and Freight(…named port of destination)成本、保險加運費（……指定目的港）

“Cost Insurance and Freight” means that the seller has the obligations to procure marine insurance against the risks of losses of, or damage to the goods during the carriage.1.The theory ofcomparative advantage

Although Smith’s work was instrumental in the development of economic theories about trade and production, it did not answer a question like if a country did not possess absolute advantage in any product, could it(or would it)trade ?

盡管斯密的著作在貿易和生產相關的經濟理論上有指導意義，但他沒有回答類似于一個國家若沒有絕對優勢能否貿易這樣的問題。

David Ricardo(1772-1823), in his 1819 work entitled On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation, sought to take the basis ideas set down by Smith a few steps further.Ricardo noted that even if a country possessed absolute advantage in the production of two products, it still must be relatively more efficient than the other country in the production of one commodity than the other.Ricardo termed this the Comparative Advantage.大衛.李嘉圖在1819年的作品《政治經濟學及賦稅原理》，試圖在斯密觀點基礎上進行更深一步挖掘，李嘉圖表示即使一個國家在生產兩種產品時有絕對優勢，但相對另一個國家生產同類產品它依然有相對較高效率的產品，李嘉圖把這稱之為比較優勢。

2.Definition

a.According to the theory of comparative advantage, it makes sense for a country to specialize in the production of those goods it produces most efficiently and to buy the goods from other countries that it produces less efficiently, even if this means buying goods from other countries that it could produce more efficiently itself.根據比較優勢理論，一個國家專注于生產那些有較高效率的產品何從其他國家購買本國生產效率相對較低的產品，即使這意味著從國外購買更高效率的產變得合情合理。b.A country has a comparative advantage in producing a good if the

opportunity cost of producing that good in terms of other goods is lower in that country than it is in other countries.就產品而言，如果一個國家生產這種產品相比其他國家有更低機會成本就稱之為這個國家有比較優勢。

3.Chief points of view

a.Each country would then possess comparative advantage in the production of one of the two products, the less efficient nation should specialize in and export the good in which it is comparatively less inefficient(where its absolute disadvantage is least).每個國家在生產一兩種產品上有比較優勢，一個生產效率相對較低的國家應專業化出口相對來說具有優勢的產品。

b.The more efficient nation should specialize in and export that good in which it is comparatively more efficient(where its absolute advantage is greatest).And both countries would then benefit by specializing completely in one product and trading for the other.一個相對生產效率較高的國家應專注看相對生產效率更高（絕對優勢最大的）產品，這樣兩類國家都能從完全專業化的生產和貿易中獲利。

c.Absolute productive efficiency was thus not a crucial factor governing the basis for international trade, according to Ricardo.The Ricardian model or principle of comparative advantage is today the most famous and influential principle of economics.根據李嘉圖的觀點，絕對生產效率并不是控制國際貿易基礎一個關鍵因素。李嘉圖模型或相對比較優勢的原理是今天經濟理論中最著名的也是最有影響力的經濟理論。

4.Comparison between the two Theories

a.After comparison we’ll find Ricardo’s theory of comparative advantage is more advanced than Smith’s theory of absolute advantage.在比較后我們發現李嘉圖的比較優勢理論比斯密的絕對優勢理論更先進。

b.According to Smiths view, the product exported by a country must be goods which the exporting country has absolute advantage to produce and the cost of producing it must be absolutely lower than the same good of another country.根據斯密的觀點，一個國家出口的產品一定是出口該國生產商有絕對優勢的相比另一個國家絕對生產成本更低的產品。

c.But David Ricardo took Adam Smith’s theory of absolute advantage one step further.In his opinion not necessarily every country has to produce all sorts of goods.What a nation should do is to concentrate its efforts and resources on producing those goods which can generate more advantages and bring about less disadvantages.但是李嘉圖是在斯密絕對優勢理論的基礎上進一步延伸的。在他看來，每個國家沒必要生產所有類型的產品，一個國家需要做的只是集中精力和資源生產那些有更少劣勢更多優勢的產品。

d.Under such conditions international trade would result in international division of labor and specialization beneficial to all countries.In addition, Ricardo particularly stressed labor productivity and argued that differences in labor productivity between nations underlie the notion of comparative advantage.在這些條件下，國際貿易會產生國際勞動、專業分工，對所有國家都有利，除此之外，李嘉圖特別強調，不同國家勞動分工、生產差異構成的比較優勢。

e.Despite the differences between the two theories they have something in common.Both Smith and Ricardo emphasized the supply side of the market and the fact that the immediate basis for trade stemmed from cost differences.Actually Ricardo’s theory of comparative advantage was developed on the basis of Smith’s theory of absolute advantage.盡管這兩個理論有差異但也存在共性。李嘉圖和斯密都強調了市場的供給

方，貿易基礎根源于生產成本的差異，確切的說，李嘉圖的相對比較優勢理論是在史密斯的絕對優勢理論的基礎上發展起來的。

5.A questiontodiscuss

A professor is prepared to write a book.He is faster both in writing and collecting data than others.Suppose that he need 1 year to write a book, 4 months to collect data.And the student need 2 years to write a book, 6 months to collect data.But the professor paidto his students for collecting datafor him instead of collecting data himself.Explain the reason.一個教授準備寫一本書，他在寫書和收集書籍上都比別人快，假設他需要一年去寫一本書，四個月收集數據，學生需要兩年寫一本書，六個月收集數據，但是教授支付費用給他的學生請學生代替他自己收集數據，請解釋理由。

相對學生來說，教授在寫書有比較優勢；相對教授來說，學生在搜集數據上更有優勢。在寫書有比較優勢；相對教授來說，學生在搜集數據上更有優勢。

可能出簡答題

1.What is the foundation of the world trade?

（1）In today’s complex economic world, neither individuals nor nations are self sufficient.（2）Nations have utilized different economic resources;people have developed different skills.（3）As a result of this trade and activity, international finance and banking have evolved.2.What are the major views of the theory of absolute advantage?

Nations could concentrate their production on goods they could make most cheaply, with all the consequent benefits of the division of labor.Smith used some suppositions to explain his principle of absolute advantage.it was far better for a country to import goods that could be produced overseasmore efficiently than to manufacture them itself.Countries would import goods in the production of which they had an absolute disadvantage against the exporting country.They would export goods in the production of which they had an absolute advantage over the importing country.In Smith’s opinion each nation had some sort of absolute advantage in the production of certain goods.If it could specialize in the production of them and then exchange the goods with each other, every country would receive a benefit.3.Make a comparison between the H-O theory and Ricardo’s theory of comparative advantage.（1）Main similarity

Like Ricardo’s theory, H-O theory also argues that free trade is beneficial to trading nations.（2）difference

The biggest difference between Ricardo’s trade theory and H-O theory is that, when explaining the basis for trade Ricardo places primary reliance on factor productivity while the H-O theory sheds more light on other important trade issues such as the influence of resource supplies or factor endowment supplies on international specialization and the influence of trade on the distribution of income.To put it in a simple way, unlike Ricardian trade theory which takes factor

productivity difference as the main basis for trade, the H-O theory, in explaining the main reason for trade, delegates primary importance to the factor endowments nations enjoy.4.What is the purpose of the trade terms?

Trade terms are key elements of international contracts of sale, since they tell the parties what to do with respect to:

Delivery terms ；Price terms ；Delivery obligations

(1)Naming the exact point at which the ownership of the merchandise is transferred from the seller to the buyer.(2)Define the responsibilities and expenses of both the seller and the buyer.(3)The use of the trade terms greatly simplifies the contract negotiations, and thus saves time and cost.5.What are the reasons for the popularity of the international competitive bidding?

(a)When public funds is involved, a public agency, through international notification, is bound to offer an equal opportunity to all potential bidders who directly or indirectly contribute to public funds.(b)This competitiveness of bidding results in the most efficient use of public funds.(c)The open bidding procedure serves as a safeguard against waste, corruption and favoritism.6.What are the reasons of the foreign trade?

（1）No nation has all of the commodities that it needs.Raw materials are scattered around the world.Countries that do not have these resources within their own boundaries must buy form countries that export them.（2）Second, foreign trade also occurs because a country often does not have enough of particular item to meet its needs.（3）Third, one nation can sell items at a lower cost than other countries.---Comparative Advantage:One country should buy and import what it needs from those countries that have a comparative advantage in the desired items.7.What are the major views of the theory of comparative advantage?(1)Each country would then possess comparative advantage in the production of one of the two products, the less efficient nation should specialize in and export the good in which it is comparatively less inefficient(where its absolute disadvantage is least).（2）The more efficient nation should specialize in and export that good in which it is comparatively more efficient(where its absolute advantage is greatest).And both countries would then benefit by specializing completely in one product and trading for the other.（3）Absolute productive efficiency was thus not a crucial factor governing the basis for international trade, according to Ricardo.The Ricardian model or principle of comparative advantage is today the most famous and influential principle of economics.8.Illustrate the meaning of the Heckscher-Ohlin theory.Although sometimes this theory is also referred to as the Heckscher-Ohlin model or the factor endowment model, more often than not it is called the Heckscher-Ohlin theory or simply the H-O theory.H-O theory is one of the most influential theories in modern international economics according to which international trade is largely driven by differences in countries’ resources(land, labor and capital).9.What is the concept of trade terms?

（1）Trade terms, also called price terms or delivery terms, are an important

component of a unit price in international trade, standing for specific obligations of the buyer and seller.（2）Trade terms are often shorthand expressions or expressed by three-letter abbreviation.10.Shipments are examined to determine what?

（1）Shipment should be made according to the contact terms.（2）Usually, the exporter shall fill in the Shipping Note to book the shipping space or ship.（3）After receiving the Shipping Order(S/O)from the carrier, the exporter may start to ensure the loading of the goods.The exporter should supervise the loading process.（4）After the goods being loaded on board the vessel, the Captain or the Mate will issue a receipt, i.e the Mate’s Receipt.（5）The shipper shall exchangethe Mate’s Receipt for the Bill of Lading from the shipping Agency making payment of freight.（6）After the loading of the goods and the receipt of the B/L, the

exporter should send a Shipping Advice to the importer for the receipt of the goods.

第三篇：國際貿易專業英語

1.The theory ofcomparative advantage

Although Smith’s work was instrumental in the development of economic theories about trade and production, it did not answer a question like if a country did not possess absolute advantage in any product, could it(or would it)trade ?

盡管大衛李嘉圖的著作在貿易和生產相關的經濟理論上有指導意義，但他沒有回答類似于一個國家若沒有絕對優勢能否貿易這樣的問題。

David Ricardo(1772-1823), in his 1819 work entitled On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation, sought to take the basis ideas set down by Smith a few steps further.Ricardo noted that even if a country possessed absolute advantage in the production of two products, it still must be relatively more efficient than the other country in the production of one commodity than the other.Ricardo termed this the Comparative Advantage.大衛.李嘉圖在1819年的作品《政治經濟學及賦稅原理》，試圖在斯密觀點基礎上進行更深一步挖掘，李嘉圖表示即使一個國家在生產兩種產品時有絕對優勢，但相對另一個國家生產同類產品它依然有相對較高效率的產品，李嘉圖把這稱之為比較優勢。

2.Definition

a.According to the theory of comparative advantage, it makes sense for a country to specialize in the production of those goods it produces most efficiently and to buy the goods from other countries that it produces less efficiently, even if this means buying goods from other countries that it could produce more efficiently itself.根據比較優勢理論，一個國家專注于生產那些有較高效率的產品何從其他國家購買本國生產效率相對較低的產品，即使這意味著從國外購買更高效率的產變得合情合理。b.A country has a comparative advantage in producing a good if the

opportunity cost of producing that good in terms of other goods is lower in that country than it is in other countries.就產品而言，如果一個國家生產這種產品相比其他國家有更低機會成本就稱之為這個國家有比較優勢。

3.Chief points of view

a.Each country would then possess comparative advantage in the production of one of the two products, the less efficient nation should specialize in and export the good in which it is comparatively less inefficient(where its absolute disadvantage is least).每個國家在生產一兩種產品上有比較優勢，一個生產效率相對較低的國家應專業化出口相對來說具有優勢的產品。

b.The more efficient nation should specialize in and export that good in which it is comparatively more efficient(where its absolute advantage is greatest).And both countries would then benefit by specializing completely in one product and trading for the other.一個相對生產效率較高的國家應專注看相對生產效率更高（絕對優勢最大的）產品，這樣兩類國家都能從完全專業化的生產和貿易中獲利。

c.Absolute productive efficiency was thus not a crucial factor governing the basis for international trade, according to Ricardo.The Ricardian model or principle of comparative advantage is today the most famous and influential principle of economics.根據李嘉圖的觀點，絕對生產效率并不是控制國際貿易基礎一個關鍵因素。李嘉圖模型或相對比較優勢的原理是今天經濟理論中最著名的也是最有影響力的經濟理論。

4.Comparison between the two Theories

a.After comparison we’ll find Ricardo’s theory of comparative advantage is more advanced than Smith’s theory of absolute advantage.在比較后我們發現李嘉圖的比較優勢理論比斯密的絕對優勢理論更先進。b.According to Smith’s view, the product exported by a country must be goods which the exporting country has absolute advantage to produce and the cost of producing it must be absolutely lower than the same good of another country.根據斯密的觀點，一個國家出口的產品一定是出口該國生產商有絕對優勢的相比另一個國家絕對生產成本更低的產品。

c.But David Ricardo took Adam Smith’s theory of absolute advantage one step further.In his opinion not necessarily every country has to produce all sorts of goods.What a nation should do is to concentrate its efforts and resources on producing those goods which can generate more advantages and bring about less disadvantages.但是李嘉圖是在斯密絕對優勢理論的基礎上進一步延伸的。在他看來，每個國家沒必要生產所有類型的產品，一個國家需要做的只是集中精力和資源生產那些有更少劣勢更多優勢的產品。

d.Under such conditions international trade would result in international division of labor and specialization beneficial to all countries.In addition, Ricardo particularly stressed labor productivity and argued that differences in labor productivity between nations underlie the notion of comparative advantage.在這些條件下，國際貿易會產生國際勞動、專業分工，對所有國家都有利，除此之外，李嘉圖特別強調，不同國家勞動分工、生產差異構成的比較優勢。

e.Despite the differences between the two theories they have something in common.Both Smith and Ricardo emphasized the supply side of the market and the fact that the immediate basis for trade stemmed from cost differences.Actually Ricardo’s theory of comparative advantage was developed on the basis of Smith’s theory of absolute advantage.盡管這兩個理論有差異但也存在共性。李嘉圖和斯密都強調了市場的供給

方，貿易基礎根源于生產成本的差異，確切的說，李嘉圖的相對比較優勢理論是在史密斯的絕對優勢理論的基礎上發展起來的。

5.A questiontodiscuss

A professor is prepared to write a book.He is faster both in writing and collecting data than others.Suppose that he need 1 year to write a book, 4 months to collect data.And the student need 2 years to write a book, 6 months to collect data.But the professor paidto his students for collecting datafor him instead of collecting data himself.Explain the reason.一個教授準備寫一本書，他在寫書和收集書籍上都比別人快，假設他需要一年去寫一本書，四個月收集數據，學生需要兩年寫一本書，六個月收集數據，但是教授支付費用給他的學生請學生代替他自己收集數據，請解釋理由。

相對學生來說，教授在寫書有比較優勢；相對教授來說，學生在搜集數據上更有優勢。

第四篇：國際貿易專業英語復習

國際貿易專業英語期末考試（開卷）

一、名詞英譯漢：1’*10=10，（來自課件）

二、句子英譯漢：3’*10=30，（來自課件，注意：句子翻譯要符合中文的語法習慣）

三、簡答題：5’*4=20，（來自課件）

四、判斷對錯：1’*10=10，（來自課件）

五、閱讀理解：15’*2=30，（關注中國商務部英文網，考查的是短語，句子翻譯，文章的理解，要關注最近一段時間的新聞，對于像Policies,Topics,Services,上海自由貿易區的等一系列的內容的了解）

第五篇：王帥 國際貿易專業英語

There are three kinds of payment methods.Each payment method may have its advantages and disadvantages.Do you think that payment by a letter of credit always the first choice in international trade? Why?

In international trade settlement, the payment of international money usually uses a non-cash settlement according to the amount of cash.It often uses financial instruments instead of cash as a means of circulation and means of payment for settlement.There are three payment methods in international trade: remittance, collection and letters of credit.As a written document, letter of credit opened by banks and banks are committed to make a payment.As the bank's financial strength, they usually have a higher credibility.In the letter of credit payment, as long as the beneficiary to fulfill its obligations under the letter of credit or meet the conditions, the issuing bank guarantees payment and bear the responsibility of the first payment.Thus, in the form of letter of credit, it is the bank that provides credit.It has four functions for exporters.(1)Provide a security guarantee for exporters to receive payments;

(2)Enable exporters to obtain the foreign exchange protection;

(3)Increase the stability of the export trade;

(4)Provides a convenient financing for exporters.It has three functions for importers.(1)It is helpful for the imports to receive the goods under the contract on time;

(2)To provide a certain amount of transaction security;

(3)Provides a convenient financing for importers.In addition, for the banks, the issuing bank only bear the responsibility to ensure payment, it provides only bank credit, not money.Moreover, the issuing banks also require the applicant to provide the issuing guarantees and to pay the deposit in order

to spread risk.By letter of credit business, the issuing bank expands its business volume and increases its economic benefits without taking much risk in the case.In the form of letter of credit, bank provides credit;it has many benefits for imports, exports and the issuing banks.So the letter of credit has been widely used in international trade, especially in China, international trade are basically using this payment method

However, there are also some drawbacks for the letter of credit.For example:

(1)Documentation requirements are relatively high, as documents and letters of credit do not match, prone to non-payment of the settlement;

(2)Cost is relatively high, affecting exporters’ profits;

(3)Special national letters of credit risk.For example, letters of credit in Bangladesh, they were very irregular in the operation, which takes many risks in international trade settlement.(4)Bank risk.Ultimately, banks are also enterprise;they have their own credits too.Especially in the foreign, the bank entry threshold is very low, relatively large differences in bank credit, and some small banks’ reputation is not very good.In summary, Letter of credit payment in international trade, is it always the first choice? I think it is not comprehensive.In some cases, use remittance and collection is better.Remittance: refers to the payer initiative remitted to the payee by banks or other means of payment.It includes Mail Transfer(M/T), Telegraphic Transfer(T/T)and Remittance by Banker’s Demand draft(D/D).For remittance, its advantages are: simplicity and low cost.Mode in the remittance whether the seller can recover the money on agreed time depends entirely on the buyer's credit situation.Because of this payment is a commercial credit with a high risk, it is usually applied to a small payment, deposit money, transport fees and commissions, etc.If used properly, the transaction will benefit both sides.In international payments another common way to settle payments is by collection whereby the exporter first ships cargoes to get necessary documents and entrusts banks as intermediaries to collect the money for the goods.For the

advantages and disadvantages of collection: collection way is more favorable to the buyer, it has a low cost, low risk, and financial burden.It even gets the seller's financial intermediation.However, it has been more detrimental to the seller, even Documents against Payment(D/P)methods, because the goods have been issued, if the other party refused to pay money for the sake of the price is low, property in poor condition or other reasons, the seller will suffer a loss and round-trip transportation costs of goods for resale the loss.For Documents against Payment after sight(D/P after sight)and Documents against Acceptance, the sellers to bear the financial burden while the latter risk more.Based on the comparison above, I think China’s enterprises should take a comprehensive plan.The creditworthiness of buyers and sellers, the position of buyers and sellers and other risk factors should all be taken into account in international trade when they choose the mode of payment.Only in this way can we lead to a successful deal.國際貿易專業英語

專業：

年級：

學號：

姓名：

任課教師：

國際經濟與貿易國貿08—1班王帥汪海鳳2011 年 12月10日