第一篇：英語摘要

1.U.S.Health and Human Services Secretary Kathleen Sebelius has apologized to the American people for the problems preventing many from signing up for（報名參加）health insurance coverage, as President Barack Obama said Wednesday the health care law is still the “strongest protector” for health care consumers。

2.I’m accountable to（對…..[人]有責任）you for fixing these problems。

3.I really have no idea whether or not I'll be offered a better plan,whether or not the government will help me subsidize（資助 vt.）it。

4.With recent elements of（少許，一些）his health care program under attack（受到攻擊；在攻擊之下）, President Obama has defended its promise。

5.The president promised millions of uninsured Americans that they could purchase comprehensive（綜合的；有理解力的）health insurance plans at affordable rates。

6.The international community（國際社會）has condemned its brutal tactics（殘忍的策略）of using chemical weapons and bombing schools, bakeries, hospitals, and refugee camps（難民營；難民收容所）.7.up to now到目前為止

8.Simply put, the world must act quickly and decisively（果斷地；決然地）to get life-saving assistance to the innocent（無辜的）civilians who are bearing the brunt of the civil war.9.He called for transparent（透明的，顯然的）justice a day before the start of the trial against the former president.10.Kerry says it is no secret that Egypt is going through difficult times following July's military-backed（軍方支持的）takeover, but he told officials here that President Obama is confident Egyptians will overcome those challenges.11.Kerry did not mention the former president by name（名字，名叫）but said it is important that civilians face civilian justice.12.The restaurant is hosting fundraising events(籌款活動)to help people left homeless by the storm.13.Pam Windle is the organization's regional vice president（副主席）.14.one person with conviction can make a change.

第二篇：英語摘要寫作

英語摘要寫作應試要點

寫文章摘要，最忌諱逐字逐句地翻譯漢語原文中的一些句子。不幸的是，許多考生往往這么做，尤其喜歡翻譯第一句，這是因為他們不得寫文章摘要的要領。在英語寫作水平還沒有到達高級程度的情況下，死譯的結果就是寫出來的東西錯誤百出，讓人不忍卒讀。由于時間和英語水平的限制，許多考生翻譯的句子往往是東一句西一句，寫出來的摘要沒有邏輯，雜亂無章，成績自然不會好。寫好摘要的要點是：

總結出原文的中心思想。拿到原文，不要馬上動筆，要用5――10分鐘對原文進行再加工。這點非常重要，考生千萬要記住。首先，看看闡述的是什么事物或事情，也就是文章的主題。看看是說明或描寫事物的客觀性質、作用、特征、前因后果、過程、意義、及方法，還是表明對事物的主觀看法與態度。這樣，找出作者的主要觀點或論點。其次，看看作者是如何表達他的中心思想的，是描述、說明、比較、例證、定義、還是分類，并找出主要的論點。這里特別要注意的是，由于中文寫作的散點思維的特點或者作者的思維素質，醫學博士生英語入學考試所節選的中文文章，往往顯得內容雜亂、觀點不明，條理不清，很難總結。但無論如何，考生必須總結出一個條理大致清楚的、有若干主要論點支持的中心思想來。再加工是關鍵。在總結的過程中，考生可以將原文中的帶有結論性的重要句子用筆劃出來，幫助自己整理思想。近年來寫作考試反映出來的考生的一個最大問題是，寫出來的東西雜亂無章，東一句西一句，大大影響了考生作文的得分。記住，一定要使你寫出來的摘要有一個明確中心思想，語句要連貫，有邏輯。

最好寫出一個粗略的非常簡單的漢語提綱和中心思想，形式不拘。漢語提綱和中心思想必須簡單。語言和思想都要簡單，否則考生無法用簡單的規范的英語表達出來。可以說，總結再加工就是簡化。考生要時刻想象，你的短文的讀者是小學三年級的學生，你寫出的東西要讓他們明白。做到這一點，考生要擺脫原文語句的影響和束縛，因為那是為成年人看的。

漢語提綱和中心思想必須要有足夠的概括性和總結性。概括性和總結性的語句往往是原文中沒有的，需要考生自己寫出來。許多考生往往受原文語句的影響和束縛，愛用原文中的一些語句，這樣寫出來的話缺乏概括性和總結性，影響了摘要的質量。

說你會說的。同一篇文章，不同人有不同的概括和總結；同一個意念，不同人有不同的語言表達。所以，文摘寫作是允許有合理的個人再加工的差異的。考生在選擇表達的語句時，要考慮自己的英語表達能力。也就是說，考生要盡量展示自己會的東西，盡量用有把握的表達方式表達原文的意思，或者說，盡量把原文的意思往自己掌握的句型上靠。

在以后的實戰練習部分，將用例證說明如何寫出粗略的非常簡單的漢語提綱和中心思想。

考生在進行英語寫作時，往往是先用漢語思維，再經過一個翻譯轉換的過程，表達成英語的。這樣寫出的英語毫無疑問地會受到漢語語句的表達方式的影響。面對一篇漢語原文時，情況就更是如此了。中國學生的英語寫作中出現的種種毛病，根源就在此。

然而，英語思維的能力，或者說習慣，決不是一年半載能夠培養出來的。那么，考生首先要做到的是，有意識地盡量克服漢語語句對自己英語語句寫作的束縛和不良影響。頭腦中出現的要寫成英語的漢語語句，不能基本上字對字地直接轉換成英語的語句。要找一個規范的符合英語思維表達習慣的英語句型，來表達大體相當的意思。字面上不要相等，但只要意思或者說意念大體相同就行了。這是一個從漢語思維到英語思維的過渡階段，這種過渡能力就是我們考生應該慢慢培養的能力和習慣。有了這種能力和習慣，考生寫出的英語才能象英語，才基本規范。

考生怎樣才能培養和運用這種過渡能力呢？

就目前考生的水平而言，我們提出一條很實用很奏效的建議，希望考生牢記心中，尤其是在開始階段以及考試的時候，那就是，寫你會寫的，不要寫你想寫的。這一點前面提到過，這里再詳細說明。

出現在考生頭腦中的，首先是具有成人特點的地道的漢語思維的語句，把這種語句直接寫成英語，難度很大，結果往往弄巧成拙、適得其反、出力不討好。我們需要把具有成人思維特點的地道的漢語的語句轉換成具有兒童思維特點的簡單的漢語語句，再轉換成我們能夠掌握和表達的規范的簡單英語，這樣就容易多了。

具體到醫學博士生英語入學考試的摘要寫作，要做到“寫你會寫的，不要寫你想寫的”，有兩個技巧。一是規避，二是變通。下面舉例說明規避。

規避不僅僅是因為意思及語句復雜，難以用英語表達，而且因為其意思及語句不屬于主要論點，避而不談之后，對中心思想的完整性影響不大。例如：

在97年的考題中，“碳水化合物是最主要也是最經濟的功能營養素。1克碳水化合物能提供的熱量為16.7千焦。蛋白質的供熱量雖與碳水化合物相同，但價格較貴。1克脂肪能提供的熱量為37.7千焦，但食物易產生飽膩感，無法攝入過多。”，“但是在碳水化合物提供熱量不足的情況下，蛋白質和脂肪將首先被消耗以提供熱量，不能發揮它們原有的功能，從而導致肌體生長發育遲滯。嚴重者可引起營養不良，表現為體重不增、食欲不振、各器官功能低下、容易反復感染等。”，“以3歲小兒為例，每日應得到的總熱量為5.86兆焦，其中碳水化合物提供的熱量應為3.5兆焦，約需碳水化合物210克，折合大米約280克。”，這些句子都可以避而不寫。

又如，在04年的考題中，“民營醫院的出現讓人想起十幾年前人們對超市的概念認識也是比較模糊的。即使總認為里面裝修豪華、高檔，但因貨物很貴而不愿意進門。而今超市大大普及了，人們紛紛進入購物，因為物有所值。民營醫院或許正有類似的經歷，它也將有一個自然成長的過程。而2002年我國政府又提出了在衛生資源相對過剩的地方，鼓勵投資者通過收購、重組現有公立醫院的方式舉辦贏利性醫療機構和民辦非贏利性醫療機構，提出了社會資本投資著重于目前服務能力較欠缺的老年慢性病護理、康復、嬰幼兒保健等領域”，“不同于民營醫院的是，醫藥費還可以報銷。”，這些大段的話都可以基本不去考慮怎么用英語表達。

有時原文的語句很重要，不能規避，但用英語表達又有困難，這時可以考慮部分規避，也就是簡化。如在04年的考題中，“隨著社會觀念的變化和政策環境的改善，民營醫院必能與公立醫院相輔相成，互爭高低，成為醫療衛生界一道獨特的風景，從而為人民群眾提供更多更好的醫療服務。”是一句重要的結論性的句子，最好用英語表達出來。那么可以簡化為“隨著社會觀念的變化和政策的改善，民營醫院必能與公立醫院一道為人民提供更好的醫療服務。”還有，“為了留住病人，公立醫院開始實施全方位的改革措施，不僅在管理體制上、人事制度上進行改革，而且更多的是紛紛打起了技術、服務、環境、價格牌。”也可以簡化為“為了留住病人，公立醫院在管理上開始實施全面改革”。

在摘要寫作的考試中，規避是比較容易掌握的技巧，但規避得恰到好處還需要有意識的注意，考生可以通過實戰練習提供的參考摘要細心揣摩。

一個意念功能，可以用幾種大體相當的語言方式表達出來，這是語言能力熟練的表現和結果。英語專業的學生，都經過長期的這方面的訓練，才達到熟練的英語表達能力。這種訓練叫paraphrase。Paraphrase的能力，就是變通的能力。非英語專業的學生，往往沒有這種訓練，也就很難用多種不同形式來表達同一種意念。但他們在培養英語寫作能力的過程中，要有意識地注意練習和培養這種能力。

一個重要的意念，我們不能規避，但它的漢語表達形式讓我們感到用英語表達不出來，或者感到硬用英語表達出來，結果多半是錯的。這時，我們就需要運用變通的技巧，或者說能力。變通就是將漢語的意念，用我們能夠掌握的英語形式大體相當地表達出來。變通的原則是把不會的變成會的，把復雜的變成簡單的。這和上面說講的“寫你會寫的，不要寫你想寫的”原則是一致的。后面課文中的句型講解與練習，有大量的變通的實例，尤其是斜體標明的句子，考生們可以自己體會。

變通有詞與詞組層面上的和句子層面上的兩種，下面再舉例說明。

雌激素（estrogen）可以用female hormone來表示，沖動（impulse）可以用sudden excitement來表示，悲劇（tragedy）可以用sad result來代替，誘發（induce）可以lead to或result in來代替，慢跑（jog）可以用slow running 來表示。“打技術、管理牌”肯定不能說成“play technological and management cards”，可以根據不同上下文，變通成“改善技術、管理”（improve technology and management）或者“利用技術、管理”（make use of technology and management）。

要表達“鄉村一級衛生院醫療質量無法保證。”，如果有考生覺得“質量無法保證”不好說，一下子又想不起來“保證”如何拼寫，最好變通一下，說一個大概類似的意念就行了：“鄉村一級衛生院醫療質量通常不好。”或者“你無法有好的醫療質量在鄉村一級衛生院。”變通成我們熟悉的形式之后，表達起來成功的把握就大多了：You can not have good medical services in village clinics.，或者The quality of medical services in village clinics is usually poor.另外，同一種意念有多種表達方式時，我們的選擇要注意使得文章中的句式有變化，或者是我們最有把握的那一種。如果原句為“洋醫院的優勢在于，病人能得到醫務人員的尊重和周到的服務。”，可以表達的句式有“The advantage of foreign-invested hospitals is that a patient can enjoy respect and considerate medical services from medical workers.”（表語從句），“It is to the advantage of foreign-invested hospitals that a patient can enjoy respect and considerate medical services from medical workers.”（主語從句），“It is a great advantage of foreign-invested hospitals that a patient can enjoy respect and considerate medical services from medical workers.”（主語從句），以及“Foreign-invested hospitals have an advantage that a patient can enjoy respect and considerate medical services from medical workers.”（同位語從句），“Foreign-invested hospitals have an advantage, because a patient can enjoy respect and considerate medical services from medical workers.”（原因狀語從句）。考生可以根據自己的具體情況來選擇。再例如，“忽視人的心理社會背景，影響了醫療服務的質

量。”可以有以下表達：“If a doctor overlooks the social and mental background of his patient, his medical service can be weakened.”（條件關系、忽視），“Ignorance of the social and mental background of a patient can have a negative effect on the outcome of the medical service.”（忽視、影響），“Neglect of the social and mental background of a patient can harm the medical service.”（忽視、有害），“When a doctor does not pay attention to the social and mental background of a patient, he can not provide good medical services.”（注意、提供），以及“Ignorance of the social and mental background of a patient can result in poorer outcome of the medical service.”（忽視、因果關系）。考生可以根據自己所掌握的句型的熟練程度或上下文，在心中作出選擇。

變通是一種必需的、有效的寫作策略，考生在后面的句型講解和練習中可以看到更多的運用。隨著英語語言能力的提高，變通的能力和技巧也會日益熟練，寫作不再是一件讓人頭痛的苦差事。

第三篇：學術英語摘要

Text 4

Security Benefits of Cloud Computing

Abstract: Today, we can easily notice how the nature of the internet is changing from a place used to read web pages to an environment that allows the users to run software applications.Nowadays, with the development of web page ,the newest web page has up to web pages 3.0,also called the intelligent web ,which is the next stage of the internet evolution.the cloud means the internet.the term is derived from the way in which the internet is often represented into the network diagrams.the current cloud computing

architecture involves the existence of the data centers that are able to provide services to the clients located al overthe world.the main advantages of the cloud computing are the following :there is no need to download or install a specific software and update the local system, users or clients don’t afraid to the computing crashing, because everything is stored into cloud.the cost is low or even free ,like mobile phone or PDAs.the cloud

computing can be used.but everything has its short leg ,there are some disadvantages as well, like :it is hard to integrate with the existing in-house infrastructure.there are not

enough major suppliers in this field and so on.Some major Security benefits for individuals or companies, like the following: centralizing data storage ,increasing uncertainty,virtualization allows a rapid replacement of compromised server located into the cloud without major costs or damages.Today ,the information infrastructure is moving faster to a simple but very innovative concept called cloud computing.the cloud computing is potentially able to offer major security benefits.Key words :security ,cloud computing, advantages, benefits

云計算的安全優勢

摘要：今天，我們可以很容易發現如何在互聯網的本質是從用于讀取網頁到一個環境，使用戶能夠運行應用軟件的地方改變。

如今，隨著網頁的發展，最新的網頁有多達網頁3.0，也稱為智能網，它是互聯網演進的下一階段。云是指互聯網。這個詞是從在互聯網上通常表示成網絡圖的方式獲得。目前的云計算架構涉及到能夠給客戶提供服務的數據中心的存在，位于人在世界。云計算的主要優勢有以下幾點：無需下載或安裝一個特定的軟件和更新本地系統，用戶或客戶端不害怕的計算崩潰，因為一切都被存儲到云計算的成本低甚至免費，如移動電話或PDA。，云計算可以使用，但任何事物都有它的腿短，也有一些缺點，如：它是很難與現有的內部基礎設施的整合沒有足夠的主要供應商在這一領域等。

為個人或公司，如以下一些主要的安全優勢：數據集中存儲，不確定性增加，虛擬化技術允許快速更換定位成云無重大費用或損失被攻陷服務器的今天，信息基礎設施正在快速地簡單，但。非常創新的概念，叫做云計算。云計算是潛在的能夠提供重大的安全利益。關鍵詞：安全，云計算，優點，好處

Text 8

How Nanotechnology Works

Abstract:

At the begin of this article,it states that there are unprecedented multidisciplinary convergence scientists dedicated to the study of a world so small that we can’t see it—even with a light microscope and tells us the important of nanotechnology.Then in order to understand the unusual world of nanotechnology ,we need to get an idea of the units of measure involved.The long of one nanometer is so small.When we measure the atomic scale,we can find that it’s still small compare to the nannmeter.But in a lecture called “Small Wonders:The World of Nanoscience”,Nobel Prize winner Dr.Horst Stormer said that the nanoscale is more interstesting than the atomic scale because the nanoscale is the first point where we can assemble something—it’s not until we start putting atoms together that we can make anything useful.Then the article states that some predictions of nanotechnology such as the use of the rule of quantum mechanics,nanorobot.It

nanotechnology in future.Key words: nanotechnologyvalueapplication in future

Text 10

states that there great value in

Global Warming and Its Effects

Abstract:Global warming has been a global issue for many years now.However, the most prominent effect of global warming exists in the climate change over the past years.It causes the oceans warmer, the intensity of hurricanes amplifies in power and devastation.Another area affected by global warming is the animal kingdom and nature.The number of animals has been decreasing and the various disease has spread to new regions across the globe.A third type of evidence of global warming can be found in plants.The leading cause of global warming is the ongoing burning of fossil fuels, which releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.Although carbon dioxide largely harms the environment, the other greenhouse gases have a large impact in the atmosphere.Throughout the world, various nations have been joining to help prevent or slow the process of global warming.The issue of global warming affects nature, people, and the economy.Scientists directly link disease to global warming.When people are trying to get others involved in the cause, a common problem that arises is the lack of motivation.In conclusion, the world needs to put forth a stronger effort to prevent global warming.And the mitigation of global warming, we should do from ourselves, from the little things around.Key words: global warming，climate change，effect

全球變暖以及它的影響

摘要：現在全球變暖已經成為多年來的全球問題，然而，過去幾年來全球變暖最突出的影響體現在氣候變化上，它導致海洋變得更暖、颶

風的強度和力量更強、冰川融化等等。全球變暖影響的另一個領域是動物王國和自然，它導致動物的數量急劇減少、疾病的傳播更加廣。全球變暖的第三類證據可以在植物中找到。全球變暖的主要原因是不斷地燃燒化石燃料，這種燃燒會向大氣中釋放二氧化碳。不僅僅是二氧化碳，其它的溫室氣體也對大氣有很大影響。在全世界，不同國家一直在努力防止或減緩全球變暖的過程。這個問題影響到自然、人和經濟。科學家們直接把疾病和全球變暖聯系起來，當人們努力讓其他人參與到這項事業中，出現的一個共同問題是缺乏動力。總之，世界需要付出更大的努力以防止全球變暖。減緩全球變暖，我們應該從自己做起，從身邊的小事做起。

關鍵字：全球變暖，氣候變化，影響

Text 11

Risks of Nuclear Power Abstract：

The principal risks associated with nuclear power arise from health effects of radiation.The radiation mainly comes form the radioactive material.They can penetrate deep inside the human body where they can damage biological cells and thereby initiate a cancer.If they strike sex cells, they can cause genetic diseases in progeny.But the rate of the latter is far less than the former.Reactor accidents is also one of the risk of nuclear power.But the nuclear power plant design strategy for preventing accidents ,back-up system and mitigating their potential effects is “defence in depth”, so they happen

probability is exceedingly small.If they all fails,very high radiation doses can destroy body functions and lead to death within 60 days.The radioactive waste products from the nuclear industry must be isolated from contact with people for very long time periods.The bulk of the radioactivity is contained in the spent fuel, which is quite small in volume and therefore easily handled with great care.At other radiation problems，for example, exploitation of materials and transport of radioactive materials also produce radiation.The effects of routine releases of radioactivity from nuclear plants depend somewhat on how the spent fuel is handled.Key words：radiation，risks，reactor accidents，radioactive waste核電的風險 摘要： 核電的風險主要來自輻射對健康的危害，這些輻射主要來自于放射性材料。他們可以穿透人體深處,破壞生物細胞,從而引發癌癥；如果他們破壞生殖細胞,可能導致遺傳疾病。但是后者發生的概率遠小于前者。核反應堆事故也是核電的風險之一，由于具有縱深防御的策略，它們發生的幾率非常小。但是一旦發生，非常高的輻射劑量可以摧毀身體功能和在60天內導致死亡。核工業的放射性廢物必須與人隔離很長時間，放射性的大部分包含在乏燃料，而且體積小，因此非常容易處理。在其它輻射問題上，如在核材料的開采和放射性物質的運輸處理時也會產生輻射。但放射性物質從核電站釋放的對人類健康的影響在某種程度上取決于它的處理方式。

關鍵詞：輻射、風險、核反應堆事故、放射性廢品。

Text 15

Genetically Modified Foods---Feed the World?

Abstract: In fact, genetically modified foods are already very much a part of our lives.Although there are clearly some very real issues that need to be resolved.However, in developing countries which desperate to feed fast-growing and underfed populations, the issue is simpler: do the benefits of biotech outweigh the risks? There are nearly 800 million people around the world are undernourished.Biotech can also improve farming productivity in food shortages places.Many scientists believe biotech could raise overall crop productivity in developing countries as much as 25%.But in developing countries, poverty plays the largest role.Nor can biotech overcome the challenge of distributing food in developing countries.big companies are reluctant to share technology, people may not afford to buy the food too.More and more biotech research is being carried out in developing countries, and delivers biotech solutions for farmers in developing countries.Biotech is not a panacea, but it does promise to transform agriculture in many developing countries.If that promise is not fulfilled, the real losers will be their people.Key words :Biotech, agriculture, developing countries.轉基因食品----養活全世界的人？

文章摘要：事實上，轉基因食品已經成為我們生活重要的一部分。盡管還有一些非常現實的問題需要解決。但在迫切想要養活其迅速增長的人口的發展中國家，問題比較簡單：生物技術的好處是否大于風險呢?世界上有近8億人口營養不良，而生物技術可以幫助提高因作物減產而出現食物匱乏的地區的農業生產率。許多科學家認為，生物技術能夠把發展中國家的農業總產量提高25％。然而在發展中國家，貧窮才是罪魁禍首。生物技術也無法克服在發展中國家分配糧食的難題，大公司不愿分享技術，人民也不一定買得起這些食物。發展中國家正在進行越來越多的生物技術研究，以幫助農民尋求生物技術方面的解決辦法。生物技術雖不是萬靈藥，但它確實有希望改造許多發展中國家的農業。如果這種希望不能實現，真正的受害者將是這些國家的人民。

關鍵詞：生物技術，農業，發展中國家。

第四篇：學術英語摘要

Vocabulary:

Toboggan: a fast sled used for sliding down snowy or icy hills.RV:(recdreational vehicle)large motor vehicle equipped with living space ,such as a toilet,kitchen,sleeping space,etc.Manifest destiny:American philosophy from the 19th century;belief that Americans have a destiny or fate to explore new areas and take over new lands.Hitchhike:

Cinco de mayo:it was a festival of Mexican,today it means freedom and independent

Grafitti:

Dive: a very cheap,often sketchy restaurant or bar

Cuckooa: man who is a stupid,incompetent fool

Pit stop: a break to get food or grass or use the bathroom.Idioms/Slang:

The grass is always greener on the other side of the fence: people tend to want whatever they don’t have.Have itchy feet:

Yellow fever:refer to westen men who like to date Asian women ,for example:John only dates Chinese girls,he denifite have yellow fever.Backseat driver: a passenger who gives unnecessary or annoying directions to the diriver.Dog days of summer: hot and humid weather,usually in late July.Digging a hole to China:1)to dig a hole.2)to have unrealistic goals or expectatry.If she thinks she can pass her drivers exam,she’s just digging a hole to

China.Get lobstered: get a very bad sunburn,turn bright red.Black gold: the oil

To shanghai: to kidnap, trick, or force someone to do something unwillingly.for example :I didn’t want to go to the movies last night, but my friend she

shanghai to me.Don’t eat yellow snow: don’t do things that obvious that is stupid or damage.Concepts:

1.Americans’ perception of Chinas

2.Road trip

3.Great Wall graffiti zone

4.Advice

5.new years resolutions

第五篇：學術英語摘要評論

Main Process of Research on Parent-child Relationship 【Author】 CHEN Yan,CHEN Xin-yu

畢節學院學報 , Journal of Bijie University, 編輯部郵箱 2010年 05期

【Abstract】 Parent-Child Relationships is the first important connection of individual after birth.It in-fluenced the development of individual significantly.This paper discussed the main strides of Parent-Child Relationships research in the world from four topics which included: the period of parent-child conflict,the sexual interaction of parent-child,the influence of family structure,and psychical influence of parent-child relationship.It brings forward the local studies of parent-child relationship.Comment:Abstract is the summary of the paper.In this abstract,the author uses one sentence to introduce the significance of the parent-child relationship in the beginning.The second sentence is used to present the topic from four aspects.And the last sentence show the result of the research.The abstract is very short,however,I think,it did not include the process of the research,nor the background information.A STUDY ON JUNIOR MIDDLE SCHOOL STUDENTS’ RELATIONSHIP QUALITIES WITH

THEIR PARENTS 【Author】 Shi Wei, Zhang Jinfu, Huang Xiting(Department of psychology, Southwest China Normal University, Chongqing 400715)心理與行為研究 , Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 編輯部郵箱 2004年 01期【Abstract】 A questionnaire was used in this study to investigate 580 students’ relationship quality with their parents.The results showed:(1)The relationship qualities general features were that the relationship’s closeness was in high level, control was higher than average level, self-disclosure, autonomy and conflict were lower than average level, mutuality was in average level.(2)The relationships qualities have many facet significant developmental features, the second grade or/and the third grade is a special period.In the second grade, student-parent relationship’s self-disclosure begin to decline significantly relative to first grade, but insignificantly relative to third grade;autonomy begin to heighten up to third grade.In the third grade, student-parent relationship’s mutuality begin to decline significantly, conflict begin to increase significantly.(3)Many qualities of student-parent relationship are not only influenced by the student gender but also the parent gender, even the interaction of the student gender with the parent gender。

Comment:The first sentence is just a simple one ,but it tells us many things.It presents the topic of the paper.What is more,it also tells us the reseach method:through a questionnaire.Although the author don’t write how to use the questionnaire,it’s enough.The rest sentences illustrat the research result specific in different ways.On The Environment Factors that Affect Mental Health of Adolescence 【Author】 CHEN Hui – ping

北京青年政治學院學報 , Journal of Beijing Youth Politics College, 編輯部郵箱 2006年 01期

【Abstract】 Mental development of children comes to its zero hour in the period of juvenile(12-14)and preadolescence(14-18).Mentality quality that forged in this period affects the career of a person and the cause of a country.In recent years the topic of mental health of children received more and more public attention.From the point of system, exterior environment that affect mental health of adolescence include family, society, school, education of psychology and the view of world.However, the view of world is the key in the dnvironmental system.It is necessary to analysis the environmental factors, to recognize the important of them, and to know the problem of them.By this way, we can solve the psychology problem of adolescence effectively.Comment:The background information is introduced in sentence 1,2 and 3.And the author tells us the paper’s topic in sentence 4.The fifth sentence presents the investigation result.And the next sentence illustrates how the author get the result.The last sentence presents the contribution of the paper.