第一篇：深圳政府工作報(bào)告 中英詞匯

2010年深圳市政府工作報(bào)告

中英文詞匯及表達(dá)

（五）全民社保social insurance for all

保障性住房affordable houses

住房公積金制度housing accumulation fund system公共租賃住房public renting houses

安居型商品房affordable commercial residential houses物業(yè)管理property management

學(xué)前教育pre-school education

義務(wù)教育compulsory education

民辦教育privately-run schools, schools run by non-governmental sectors

繼續(xù)教育continuing education

終身教育體系system of lifelong education

學(xué)習(xí)型城市l(wèi)earning-oriented society

醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生體制medical system

醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生機(jī)構(gòu)medical institution

社區(qū)健康服務(wù)體系community medical service system就醫(yī)模式model of patient visit

中醫(yī)traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)

社會主義核心價(jià)值體系core value of socialism

全民健身運(yùn)動(dòng)nationwide fitness campaign

黑惡勢力Mafia-like gangs, vice ring

信訪petition;letters and visits from the people

尋求意見和建議solicit opinions and suggestions

執(zhí)行能力和效能executive capacity and administrative effeciency監(jiān)察審計(jì)部門supervising and auditing departments

我們將始終堅(jiān)持執(zhí)政為民的理念，把改善民生作為政績考核的重要標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，把民生福利的指標(biāo)擺上重要的議事日程，力求在民生服務(wù)方面走在全國前列。

We will constantly follow the concept of exercising power for the benefit of the people, and make the improvement of people’s well-being as an important standard to evaluate political achievemtents of local officials.We will give top priority to the people’s well-being and work to lead the country in terms of people’s well-being and services for the people.基礎(chǔ)研究和應(yīng)用研究fundamental and applied scientific research新一代寬帶移動(dòng)通訊Next Generation Broadband Mobile Communications Network

數(shù)字電視國家工程實(shí)驗(yàn)室National Laboratory for Digital TV

深港IC設(shè)計(jì)創(chuàng)新平臺Shenzhen Hong Kong IC Design Innovation Platform

~~~~~~~~~~~~待續(xù)~~~~~~~~~~~~~

第二篇：常用簡歷中英詞匯對照表

個(gè)人資料有用詞匯 A Useful Glossary for Personal Data

name 姓名 unmarried 未婚

date of birth 出生日期divorced 離異

born出生于separated 分居

birth place 出生地點(diǎn) street 街

age 年齡 lane 胡同，巷

native place 籍貫 road 路

province 省district 區(qū)

city 市 house number 門牌 autonomous region 自治區(qū) health 健康狀況

prefecture 專區(qū) health condition 健康狀況 county 縣 blood type 血型

nationality 民族、國籍short-sighted近視

citizenship 國籍 far-sighted 遠(yuǎn)視

duel citizenship 雙重國籍 color-blind 色盲

address 地址 ID card 身份證

current address 目前住址 date of availability 可到職時(shí)間 present address 目前住址 available 可到職

permanent address 永久住址 membership 會員、資格 postal code 郵政編碼 president 會長

home phone 住宅電話 vice-president 副會長office phone 辦公電話director 理事

business phone 辦公電話 standing director 常務(wù)理事 Tel.電話 secretary-general 秘書長 Gender 性別 society 學(xué)會

Male 男 association 協(xié)會

Female 女 research society 研究會 Height 身高marital status 婚姻狀況 weight 體重family status 家庭狀況 single 未婚married 已婚

教育程度有用詞匯 A Useful Glossary for Eucation Background

education學(xué)歷 specialized courses專門課程 educational background教育程度 courses taken所學(xué)課程 educational history學(xué)歷 courses completed所學(xué)課程 curriculum課程 special training特別訓(xùn)練 major主修 social practice社會實(shí)踐 minor副修 part-time jobs業(yè)余工作 educational highlights課程重點(diǎn)部分 summer jobs暑期工作 curriculum included課程包括 vacation jobs假期工作1

refresher course進(jìn)修課程

extracurricular activities課外活動(dòng) physical activities體育活動(dòng) recreational activities娛樂活動(dòng) academic activities學(xué)術(shù)活動(dòng) social activities社會活動(dòng) rewards獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)

scholarship獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金

“Three Goods” student三好學(xué)生 excellent party member 優(yōu)秀黨員 excellent league member 優(yōu)秀團(tuán)員excellent leader優(yōu)秀干部 student council學(xué)生會 off-job training脫產(chǎn)培訓(xùn) in-job training在職培訓(xùn) educational system學(xué)制 academic year學(xué)年 semester學(xué)期(美)term學(xué)期(英)president校長

vice-president副校長 dean院長

assistant dean副院長 academic dean教務(wù)長

department chairman系主任 professor教授

associate professor副教授 guest professor客座教授 lecturer講師

teaching assistant助教 research fellow研究員

research assistant助理研究員 supervisor論文導(dǎo)師 principal中學(xué)校長(美)headmaster中學(xué)校長(英)master小學(xué)校長(美)dean of studies教務(wù)長 dean of students教導(dǎo)主任 teacher教師

probation teacher代課教師 tutor家庭教師

governess女家庭教師 intelligence quotient智商 pass及格

fail不及格 marks分?jǐn)?shù) grades分?jǐn)?shù) scores分?jǐn)?shù)

examination考試 grade年級 class班級 monitor班長

vice-monitor副班長

commissary in charge of studies學(xué)習(xí)委員 commissary in charge of entertainment文娛委員

commissary in charge of sports體育委員 commissary in charge of physical labor勞動(dòng)委員

Party branch secretary黨支部書記 League branch secretary團(tuán)支部書記

commissary in charge of organization組織委員

commissary in charge of publicity宣傳委員 degree學(xué)位

post doctorate博士后 doctor(Ph.D)博士 master碩士 bachelor學(xué)士 student學(xué)生

graduate student研究生 abroad student留學(xué)生

returned student回國留學(xué)生 foreign student外國學(xué)生 undergraduate大學(xué)肄業(yè)生

senior大學(xué)四年級學(xué)生；高中三年級學(xué)生 Junior大學(xué)三年級學(xué)生；高中二年級學(xué)生 sophomore大學(xué)二年級學(xué)生；高中一年級學(xué)生

freshman大學(xué)一年級學(xué)生 guest student旁聽生(英)auditor旁聽生(美)

government-supported student公費(fèi)生 commoner自費(fèi)生 extern走讀生

day-student走讀生 intern實(shí)習(xí)生

prize fellow獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金生

boarder寄宿生 schoolmate同校同學(xué) classmate同班同學(xué) graduate畢業(yè)生

工作經(jīng)歷有用詞匯 A Useful Glossary for Work Experience

work experience / work history 工作經(jīng)歷 appointed 被任命的 occupational history 工作經(jīng)歷 adapt in 善于 employment/employment history職業(yè)經(jīng)歷 analyze 分析 experience 經(jīng)歷 authorized 委任的，核準(zhǔn)的 business experience / business background工behave / performance 表現(xiàn) 作經(jīng)歷/背景 break the record 打破記錄 specific experience 具體經(jīng)歷 conduct 經(jīng)營，處理 employment record/ employment experience nominated 被提名的，被任命的 工作經(jīng)歷 promote 推銷（商品）；創(chuàng)立（企業(yè)）等 position / job title 職位 achievements 工作成就，業(yè)績 responsibilities / duties 職責(zé) administer 管理 second job 第二職業(yè) be promoted to 被提升為 assist 輔助be proposed as 被提名為，被推薦為 adapted to 適應(yīng)于 advanced worker 先進(jìn)工作者 accomplish 完成（任務(wù)等）working model 勞動(dòng)模范

個(gè)人品質(zhì)有用詞匯 A Useful Glossary for Personal Characters

able 有才干的，能干的 conscientious 認(rèn)真的，自覺的 active 主動(dòng)的，活躍的 considerate 體貼的 adaptable 適應(yīng)性強(qiáng)的 constructive 建設(shè)性的adroit 靈巧的，機(jī)敏的 contemplative 好沉思的aggressive / enterprising 有進(jìn)取心的 cooperative 有合作精神的 alert 機(jī)靈的 creative 富創(chuàng)造力的 ambitious 有雄心壯志的 dashing 有一股子沖勁的，有拼搏精神的 amiable 和藹可親的 dedicated / devoted 有獻(xiàn)身精神的 amicable 友好的 dependable / reliable / trustable 可靠的 analytical 善于分析的 diplomatic 老練的，有策略的 apprehensive 有理解力的 disciplined 守紀(jì)律的 aspiring 有志氣的，有抱負(fù)的 discreet（在行動(dòng)，說話等方面）謹(jǐn)慎的 audacious 大膽的，有冒險(xiǎn)精神的 dutiful 盡職的 capable 有能力的，有才能的 dynamic 精悍的 careful 辦事仔細(xì)的 earnest 認(rèn)真的 candid 正直的well-educated 受過良好教育的 charitable 寬厚的 efficient 有效率的 competent 能勝任的 humorous 幽默的 confident 有信心的 impartial 公正的independent 有主見的 self-conscious 自覺的 industrious 勤奮的 energetic 精力充沛的 ingenious 有獨(dú)創(chuàng)性的 enthusiastic 充滿熱情的 initiative 首創(chuàng)精神 expressive 善于表達(dá) have an inquiring mind 愛動(dòng)腦筋 faithful 守信的，忠誠的 intellective 有智力的 forceful（性格）堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的 intelligent 理解力強(qiáng)的 frank 直率的，真誠的 inventive 有發(fā)明才能的，有創(chuàng)造力的 friendly 友好的 just 正直的 frugal 儉樸的kind-hearted 好心的 generous 寬宏大量的 knowledgeable 有見識的 genteel 有教養(yǎng)的 learned 精通某門學(xué)問的 gentle 有禮貌的 liberal 心胸寬大的 hard-working / industrious 勤奮的 logical 條理分明的 hearty 精神飽滿的 loyal 忠心耿耿的 honest 誠實(shí)的 methodical 有方法的 hospitable 殷勤的 modest 謙虛的 humble 恭順的 motivated 目的明確的 selfless 無私的 objective 客觀的 sensible 明白事理的 open-minded 虛心的 sincere 真誠的 orderly 守紀(jì)律的 smart 精明的original 有獨(dú)創(chuàng)性的 sociable 善于社交的 painstaking 辛勤的，苦干的，刻苦的 spirited 生氣勃勃的 practical 實(shí)際的 sporting 光明正大的 precise 一絲不茍的 steady 踏實(shí)的 persevering 不屈不撓的 straightforward 老實(shí)的 punctual 嚴(yán)守時(shí)刻的 strict 嚴(yán)格的 purposeful 意志堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的 systematic 有系統(tǒng)的 qualified 合格的 strong-willed 意志堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的 rational 有理性的 sweet-tempered 性情溫和的 realistic 實(shí)事求是的 temperate 穩(wěn)健的 reasonable 講道理的 tireless 孜孜不倦的 responsible 負(fù)責(zé)的其他內(nèi)容有用詞匯 A Useful Glossary for Other Contents

Objective 目標(biāo) job objective 工作目標(biāo)Career objective 職位目標(biāo) position applied for 申請職位 employment objective 工作目標(biāo) position sought 謀求職位 position wanted 希望職位 position desired 希望職位

其他常用簡歷英語句子

1：請問ISO內(nèi)審員怎么翻譯? 答：internal auditor

2：本科 1，2，3，4年級生用英語怎么講? 答：freshman,sophemore,junior,senior 3：簡歷里骨干怎么翻啊? 答：cadre

4：全國計(jì)算機(jī)等級二級考試證書怎么翻譯阿？

答 ： national computer rank examination certificate grade 2 5：請問School qualifications是指什么？

答：應(yīng)該是資格證書考試，Country of school education 考試的國家，Type of exam考試的類型 Grade 級別 Year Taken 哪年考試 6：三好學(xué)生稱號怎么翻譯？

答：outstanding student in academic,moral and health7：暑假實(shí)習(xí)怎么翻譯？ 答：summer intern

第三篇：政府工作報(bào)告常用詞匯(一)

政府工作報(bào)告常用詞匯

（一）建設(shè)一個(gè)富強(qiáng)、民主、文明的國家 build a prosperous, strong, democratic and culturally advanced country 關(guān)系國計(jì)民生的大事 matters vital to national wellbeing and the people’s livelihood 人民生活水平 quality of life;the living standards 生活費(fèi)用 cost of living;income maintenance;subsistence cost 生活費(fèi)收入 income available for cost of living 新生兒死亡率 infant mortality rate;neonatal mortality rate 預(yù)期壽命 life expectancy 教育程度 educational status;education received 教育程度比率 educational attainment ratio 失業(yè)率 rate of unemployment 過緊日子 tighten one’s belt 對口扶貧 provide poverty alleviation aid to the designated sister regions 脫貧 lift off poverty;cast off poverty 過溫飽生活 live a life at a subsistent level 小康生活 enjoy a fairly comfortable life;be moderately better off 實(shí)現(xiàn)小康目標(biāo) attain the goal of ensuring our people a relatively comfortable life 安居工程 housing project for low-income families 安居小區(qū) a neighborhood for low-income families 物業(yè)管理 estate management, property management 復(fù)式住宅 compound apartment 福利分房 buy a benefit-oriented apartment from the organization one works with 加快住房分配貨幣化進(jìn)程 capitalization process of housing distribution/allocation 社會保障 social security 政府主導(dǎo)計(jì)劃 government-sponsored programs 個(gè)人自愿計(jì)劃 voluntary private plans 醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn) medical insurance 傷殘保險(xiǎn) disability insurance 失業(yè)保險(xiǎn) unemployment insurance 養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn) retirement insurance 退休基金 pension fund 強(qiáng)制性普及方案 universally compulsory program 面臨困境 face adverse conditions 精算界 actuarial profession 精算師 actuaries 對保障方案進(jìn)行精算評估 Security programs should undergo actuarial review.裁定保險(xiǎn)賠償 adjudication of benefits 社會保障“三條保障線”制度 social security system of “three guarantees” 國企下崗職工基本生活保障 guarantee of basic cost of living allowancesfor workers laid off from state-owned enterprises 失業(yè)保險(xiǎn) guarantee of unemployment insurance benefits 城鎮(zhèn)居民最低生活保障 guarantee of subsistence allowances for urban residents 在城鎮(zhèn)強(qiáng)制推行以養(yǎng)老、失業(yè)、醫(yī)療為重點(diǎn)的社會保險(xiǎn) Social welfare insurance, particularly old-age, unemployment and medical insurance, must be made mandatory in urban areas.補(bǔ)發(fā)拖欠的離退休人員統(tǒng)籌項(xiàng)目內(nèi)的養(yǎng)老金 All back pension entitlements have been paid for the retired covered by the overall government plan.提高部分優(yōu)撫對象撫恤標(biāo)準(zhǔn) Allowances for certain disabled service men and women and family members of revolutionary martyrs and service men and women have been increased.帶薪分流 assign redundant civil servants to other jobs while allowing them to retain their original rank and benefits 待業(yè)人員 job seekers 生活待遇 material amenities 待遇優(yōu)厚的工作 a well-paid job 定向培訓(xùn) training for specific posts 崗位培訓(xùn) on-job training 掃除青壯年文盲 eliminate illiteracy among young and middle-aged people 實(shí)現(xiàn)基本普及九年義務(wù)教育 The goal in the effort to make nine-year compulsory education basically universal has been attained.爭取實(shí)現(xiàn)高等教育大眾化 work to make regular higher education accessible tothe majority of young people 推進(jìn)素質(zhì)教育 push ahead with education for all-around development 應(yīng)試教育 examination-oriented education system 創(chuàng)新精神 be innovation-minded;to have a creative mind 211 工程 211 Project 培養(yǎng)創(chuàng)新精神和實(shí)踐能力 help them develop practical abilities and a spirit of innovation 促進(jìn)學(xué)生德、智、體、美全面發(fā)展 ensure that students improve in terms of their moral, intellectual and fitness level as well as in their appreciation of aesthetics 切實(shí)減輕中小學(xué)生過重的課業(yè)負(fù)擔(dān) effectively reduce too heavy homework assignments for primary and secondary school students 后勤服務(wù)社會化 make logistic services independent in their operation 大力推行個(gè)人助學(xué)信貸 Personal loans to finance education should be vigorously promoted.招生就業(yè)指導(dǎo) enrolment and vocation guidance 中專生 secondary specialized or technical school student 代培 training-on-contract program 代培生 trainee on contract 在職博士生 on-job doctorate 大專文憑 associate degree(conferred to junior college students)研究生畢業(yè)證/學(xué)位證 graduate diploma/graduate degree’s diploma 積極發(fā)展民辦教育 Efforts should be made to develop schools not operated by government education departments.貴族學(xué)校 exclusive school（美）;select school（英）失學(xué)兒童 dropouts 自學(xué)成才 self-taught and self-made person;become a qualified professional through self-taught way 行行出狀元 Every profession produces its own leading authority.建設(shè)廉潔、勤政、務(wù)實(shí)、高效政府 build a clean and diligent, pragmatic and efficient government 堅(jiān)持“兩手抓、兩手都要硬”的方針 adhere to the principle of “doing two jobs at once and attaching equal importance to each”

高度重視精神文明建設(shè) pay close attention to cultural and ethical progress 深入扎實(shí)地開展群眾性精神文明創(chuàng)建活動(dòng) Extensive public participation activities are launched to promote cultural and ethical progress.文明城市 model city;culturally advanced city;city cited for high moral and cultural standards 社會公德 social morality 有公德心 be civic-minded 職業(yè)道德 ethics of profession 家庭美德 family virtues 堅(jiān)持正確的輿論導(dǎo)向 maintain the correct orientation for public opinion 思想道德建設(shè)（思想政治工作）moral education among people 樹立正確的價(jià)值觀、世界觀、人生觀 help foster in the young the morally sound values and outlook on the world and life 繼續(xù)開展“掃黃打非”斗爭 The fight against pornography, illegal publications and piracy shall be continued.反對迷信 be against superstition 輿論導(dǎo)向 direction of public opinion 輿論監(jiān)督 supervision by public opinion 加強(qiáng)輿論監(jiān)督 ensure that the correct orientation is maintained in public opinion 實(shí)行計(jì)劃生育、控制人口數(shù)量、提高人口素質(zhì) promote family planning and control the population size and improve the health of the people 加強(qiáng)計(jì)劃生育工作 further improve family planning 努力穩(wěn)定低生育水平 work to stabilize the low birth rate 人口出生率 birth rate 自然增長率 natural growth rate 人口增長的高峰期 baby boom 人口增長與社會經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展相協(xié)調(diào) try to keep population growth in line with social and economic development 計(jì)劃生育責(zé)任制 responsibility system of family planning 搞好優(yōu)生優(yōu)育 promote good prenatal and postnatal care 抓好農(nóng)村和流動(dòng)人口計(jì)劃生育管理與服務(wù) devote efforts to the management of family planning and related services in rural areas and among the floating population 認(rèn)真貫徹實(shí)施中國婦女、兒童發(fā)展綱要 The programs for the development of work concerning women and children should be earnestly implemented.獨(dú)生子女 the only child 小家庭 nuclear family 大家庭 extended family 單親家庭 single parent family 人口老齡化 aging of population 人口年輕化 rejuvenation of population 關(guān)心和支持殘疾人事業(yè) Programs to help the physically and mentally challenged deserve our care and support.關(guān)心老齡人 care for senior citizens.社會治安狀況好轉(zhuǎn) see an improved law-and-order situation 惡性犯罪 major crimes 破案率 rate of solved criminal cases 戒毒所 drug rehabilitation center

第四篇：2012年溫總理政府工作報(bào)告全文(中英)

2012年溫家寶總理政府工作報(bào)告全文（雙語對照）

第十一屆全國人民代表大會第五次會議在人民大會堂開幕，聽取國務(wù)院總理溫家寶作政府工作報(bào)告，審查計(jì)劃報(bào)告和預(yù)算報(bào)告。以下為十一屆全國人大五次會議開幕會及政府工作報(bào)告全文：

各位代表：現(xiàn)在，我代表國務(wù)院，向大會報(bào)告政府工作，請各位代表審議，并請全國政協(xié)委員提出意見。

Fellow Deputies, on behalf of the State Council, I now present to you my report on the work of the government for your deliberation and approval and for comments and suggestions from the members of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference(CPPCC).一、2011年工作回顧 I.Review of Work in 2011 過去的一年，面對復(fù)雜多變的國際政治經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境和艱巨繁重的國內(nèi)改革發(fā)展任務(wù)，全國各族人民在中國共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，同心同德，團(tuán)結(jié)奮進(jìn)，改革開放和社會主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)取得新的重大成就。

Last year, China faced a complex and volatile political and economic environment abroad and arduous and challenging reform and development tasks at home.Working hard with one heart and one mind under the leadership of the Communist Party of China(CPC), the Chinese people of all ethnic groups made significant achievements in reform, opening up, and socialist modernization.國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值47.2萬億元，比上年增長9.2%；公共財(cái)政收入10.37萬億元，增長24.8%；糧食產(chǎn)量1.14萬億斤，再創(chuàng)歷史新高；城鎮(zhèn)新增就業(yè)1221萬人，城鎮(zhèn)居民人均可支配收入和農(nóng)村居民人均純收入實(shí)際增長8.4%和11.4%。我們鞏固和擴(kuò)大了應(yīng)對國際金融危機(jī)沖擊成果，實(shí)現(xiàn)了“十二五”時(shí)期良好開局。

China's GDP reached 47.2 trillion yuan, an increase of 9.2% over the previous year;government revenue was 10.37 trillion yuan, an increase of 24.8%;and the country's grain output reached a record high of 571.21 million tons.A total of 12.21 million new urban jobs were created.The per capita disposable income of urban residents and the per capita net income of rural residents rose in real terms by 8.4% and 11.4%, respectively.We consolidated and built upon our achievements in responding to the global financial crisis, and got the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period off to a good start.一年來，我們主要做了以下工作：

We accomplished the following in our work last year.(一)加強(qiáng)和改善宏觀調(diào)控，遏制物價(jià)過快上漲，實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)平穩(wěn)較快發(fā)展。

1.Strengthening and improving macro-control, preventing fast price rises, and achieving steady and robust economic development 我們實(shí)施積極的財(cái)政政策和穩(wěn)健的貨幣政策，堅(jiān)持正確處理保持經(jīng)濟(jì)平穩(wěn)較快發(fā)展、調(diào)整經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)和管理通脹預(yù)期的關(guān)系，更加注重把握好政策實(shí)施的重點(diǎn)、力度和節(jié)奏，努力做到調(diào)控審慎靈活、適時(shí)適度，不斷提高政策的針對性、靈活性和前瞻性。

We followed a proactive fiscal policy and a prudent monetary policy, and maintained a balance between ensuring steady and robust economic development, adjusting the economic structure, and managing inflation expectations.We paid greater attention to implementing policies with the proper focus, force, and pace;conducted prudent and flexible macro-control on a moderate scale and in a timely fashion;and constantly made our policies more targeted, flexible, and forward-looking.在全球通脹預(yù)期不斷增強(qiáng)，國際市場大宗商品價(jià)格高位波動(dòng)，國內(nèi)要素成本明顯上升，部分農(nóng)產(chǎn)品供給偏緊的嚴(yán)峻形勢下，我們把穩(wěn)定物價(jià)總水平作為宏觀調(diào)控的首要任務(wù)，堅(jiān)持綜合施策，合理運(yùn)用貨幣政策工具，調(diào)節(jié)貨幣信貸增速，大力發(fā)展生產(chǎn)，保障供給，搞活流通，加強(qiáng)監(jiān)管，居民消費(fèi)價(jià)格指數(shù)、工業(yè)生產(chǎn)者出廠價(jià)格指數(shù)漲幅從8月份起逐月回落，扭轉(zhuǎn)了一度過快上漲勢頭。

Amid worsening inflation expectations worldwide, fluctuating and high prices of major commodities on the world market, significantly higher costs of factors of production at home, and a shortage of some agricultural products, we made ensuring general price stability our top priority in macro-control, pursued policies in an integrated way, rationally used monetary policy tools to regulate the supplies of money and credit, vigorously developed production to ensure supply, boosted distribution, and strengthened supervision.As a result, increases in the consumer price index(CPI)and the producer price index(PPI)began falling in August, thus reversing the trend of rapid inflation.下半年，世界經(jīng)濟(jì)不穩(wěn)定性不確定性上升，國內(nèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行出現(xiàn)一些新情況新問題，我們一方面堅(jiān)持宏觀調(diào)控的基本取向不變，保持宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)政策基本穩(wěn)定，繼續(xù)控制通貨膨脹；一方面適時(shí)適度預(yù)調(diào)微調(diào)，加強(qiáng)信貸政策與產(chǎn)業(yè)政策的協(xié)調(diào)配合，加大結(jié)構(gòu)性減稅力度，重點(diǎn)支持實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì)特別是小型微型企業(yè)，重點(diǎn)支持民生工程特別是保障性安居工程，重點(diǎn)保證國家重大在建、續(xù)建項(xiàng)目的資金需要，有針對性地解決經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行中的突出矛盾。

In the second half of the year, when the global economy faced greater instability and uncertainty and when new developments and problems occurred in China's economy, we kept the basic orientation of macro-control unchanged, maintained the basic continuity of our macroeconomic policies, and continued to curb inflation.In addition, we carried out timely and appropriate anticipatory adjustments and fine-tuning, strengthened coordination between credit and industrial policies, and increased structural tax reductions.We focused on supporting the real economy, especially small and micro businesses;improving the people's wellbeing, especially by building low-income housing projects;and ensuring funding for key projects that are under construction or expansion.These well-targeted measures were taken to solve major economic problems.我們堅(jiān)定不移地加強(qiáng)房地產(chǎn)市場調(diào)控，確保調(diào)控政策落到實(shí)處、見到實(shí)效。投機(jī)、投資性需求得到明顯抑制，多數(shù)城市房價(jià)環(huán)比下降，調(diào)控效果正在顯現(xiàn)。我們高度重視防范和化解財(cái)政金融領(lǐng)域的潛在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)隱患，及時(shí)對地方政府性債務(wù)進(jìn)行全面審計(jì)，摸清了多年形成的地方政府性債務(wù)的總規(guī)模、形成原因、償還時(shí)限和區(qū)域分布。這些債務(wù)在經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展中發(fā)揮了積極作用，形成了大量優(yōu)質(zhì)資產(chǎn)；也存在一些風(fēng)險(xiǎn)隱患，特別是部分償債能力較弱地區(qū)存在局部性風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

We steadfastly tightened regulation of the real estate market and ensured that control policies were fully carried out and achieved real progress.Consequently, speculative or investment-driven housing demand has been significantly curbed, housing prices in most Chinese cities have fallen month on month, and the results of our control measures are beginning to show.We attached great importance to guarding against and eliminating latent risks which exist in the banking and public finance sectors.We fully audited local government debt in a timely manner, and obtained a clear picture of the total amount, due dates, geographic distribution, and causes of the debts local governments incurred over the years.These debts have played a positive role in promoting economic and social development and produced a large amount of quality assets.However, they also contained risks and hidden dangers, and some localities with poor ability to pay their debts were at risk of default.我們認(rèn)真開展債務(wù)清理整頓和規(guī)范工作，嚴(yán)格控制增量，積極穩(wěn)妥解決債務(wù)償還和在建項(xiàng)目后續(xù)融資問題。目前，我國政府性債務(wù)水平是可控的、安全的。總的看，我國國民經(jīng)濟(jì)繼續(xù)朝著宏觀調(diào)控預(yù)期方向發(fā)展，抗風(fēng)險(xiǎn)能力不斷增強(qiáng)，呈現(xiàn)增長較快、價(jià)格趨穩(wěn)、效益較好、民生改善的良好態(tài)勢。

We sorted out and standardized these debts, imposed a cap on their increase, and actively yet prudently solved problems related to the repayment of such debts and additional funding for ongoing projects.Government debt in China now is at a controllable and secure level.China's economy as a whole continues to grow as we anticipated in our exercise of macro-controls and has become more resilient.Economic growth is robust, prices are stabilizing, economic returns are good, and the people's wellbeing is improving.(二)加快轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式，提高發(fā)展的協(xié)調(diào)性和產(chǎn)業(yè)的競爭力。

2.Accelerating the transformation of the pattern of economic development and making development more coordinated and industries more competitive.我們堅(jiān)持有扶有控，促進(jìn)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整和優(yōu)化升級，增強(qiáng)發(fā)展后勁。

We supported development in some areas while limiting growth in others, and carried out economic structural adjustments and upgrading to increase the sustainability of development.鞏固和加強(qiáng)農(nóng)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)。全面落實(shí)強(qiáng)農(nóng)惠農(nóng)富農(nóng)政策，加大農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)補(bǔ)貼力度，穩(wěn)步提高糧食最低收購價(jià)，加強(qiáng)以農(nóng)田水利為重點(diǎn)的農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)，開展農(nóng)村土地整治，加強(qiáng)農(nóng)業(yè)科技服務(wù)和抗災(zāi)減災(zāi)，中央財(cái)政“三農(nóng)”支出超過1萬億元，比上年增加1839億元。農(nóng)業(yè)全面豐收，糧食總產(chǎn)量實(shí)現(xiàn)了歷史罕見的“八連增”，連續(xù)5年超萬億斤，標(biāo)志著我國糧食綜合生產(chǎn)能力穩(wěn)定躍上新臺階。

We consolidated and strengthened the agricultural foundation.We fully implemented the policy of strengthening agriculture, benefitting farmers, and enriching rural areas.We increased subsidies for agricultural production, and the minimum purchase price for grain rose steadily.We strengthened agricultural and rural infrastructure, with priority given to irrigation and water conservancy projects, improved rural land, increased scientific and technological services for agriculture, and improved our ability to respond to and mitigate natural disasters.Central government spending on agriculture, rural areas and farmers exceeded one trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 183.9 billion yuan.We had a bumper harvest in all sectors of agriculture.China's grain output increased for the eighth consecutive year, which has rarely been seen in history.Grain output in each of the past five years has exceeded 500 million tons, which shows that China's overall grain production capacity has reached a new level.解決了6398萬農(nóng)村人口的飲水困難和60萬無電地區(qū)人口的用電問題，農(nóng)村生產(chǎn)生活條件進(jìn)一步改善。

We continued to renovate dilapidated houses in rural areas, ensured the safety of potable water for 63.98 million additional rural residents, delivered electricity to 600,000 people in areas that had no power supply, and further improved rural working and living conditions.加快產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化升級。大力培育戰(zhàn)略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè)，新能源、新材料、生物醫(yī)藥、高端裝備制造、新能源汽車快速發(fā)展，三網(wǎng)融合、云計(jì)算、物聯(lián)網(wǎng)試點(diǎn)示范工作步伐加快。企業(yè)兼并重組取得新進(jìn)展。

We accelerated the optimization and upgrading of the industrial structure.We energetically fostered strategic emerging industries and accelerated development of new energy, new materials, biomedicines, high-end equipment manufacturing and new-energy vehicles, and we sped up pilot projects and demonstrations for integrating the telecommunications network, the radio and television broadcasting network, and the Internet, along with the development of cloud computing and the Internet of Things.We made progress in enterprise mergers and reorganizations.支持重點(diǎn)產(chǎn)業(yè)振興和技術(shù)改造，中央預(yù)算投資安排150億元，支持4000多個(gè)項(xiàng)目，帶動(dòng)總投資3000億元。加快發(fā)展信息咨詢、電子商務(wù)等現(xiàn)代服務(wù)業(yè)，新興服務(wù)領(lǐng)域不斷拓寬。交通運(yùn)輸產(chǎn)業(yè)快速發(fā)展，經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)進(jìn)一步夯實(shí)。

We allocated 15 billion yuan from the central government budget to support more than 4,000 projects to boost key industries and upgrade their technologies.This seed capital attracted a total investment of 300 billion yuan.We accelerated the development of information consulting, e-commerce and other modern service industries, and expanded new service areas.The transportation industry developed quickly, thereby further strengthening the foundation for China's economic and social development.推進(jìn)節(jié)能減排和生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)。發(fā)布實(shí)施“十二五”節(jié)能減排綜合性工作方案、控制溫室氣體排放工作方案和加強(qiáng)環(huán)境保護(hù)重點(diǎn)工作的意見。清潔能源發(fā)電裝機(jī)達(dá)到2.9億千瓦，比上年增加3356萬千瓦。加強(qiáng)重點(diǎn)節(jié)能環(huán)保工程建設(shè)，新增城鎮(zhèn)污水日處理能力1100萬噸，5000多萬千瓦新增燃煤發(fā)電機(jī)組全部安裝脫硫設(shè)施。加大對高耗能、高排放和產(chǎn)能過剩行業(yè)的調(diào)控力度，淘汰落后的水泥產(chǎn)能1.5億噸、煉鐵產(chǎn)能3122萬噸、焦炭產(chǎn)能1925萬噸。

We made progress in conserving energy, reducing emissions, and protecting the ecological environment.We adopted and implemented the Comprehensive Work Plan for Conserving Energy and Reducing Emissions and the Work Plan for Controlling Greenhouse Gas Emissions for the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period, and the Guidelines on Strengthening Key Environmental Protection Tasks.The installed power capacity using clean energy reached 290 million kW, an increase of 33.56 million kW over the previous year.We strengthened the development of major energy conservation and environmental protection projects.We increased daily sewage treatment capacity by 11 million tons in urban areas, and installed desulphurization systems on all new coal-fired power-generating units with a total capacity of over 50 million kW.We tightened controls over industries that are energy intensive, have high emissions or possess excess production capacity, and closed down outdated production facilities whose production capacity amounted to 150 million tons of cement, 31.22 million tons of iron, and 19.25 million tons of coke.實(shí)施天然林保護(hù)二期工程并提高補(bǔ)助標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，實(shí)行草原生態(tài)保護(hù)獎(jiǎng)補(bǔ)政策，開展湖泊生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)試點(diǎn)。植樹造林9200多萬畝。

We implemented the second phase of the project to protect virgin forests and raised related subsidies, carried out the policy of giving rewards and subsidies for grassland ecological conservation, and launched pilot projects to protect the ecological environment of lakes.And we planted 6.13 million hectares of trees.促進(jìn)區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展。深入實(shí)施區(qū)域發(fā)展總體戰(zhàn)略和全國主體功能區(qū)規(guī)劃。出臺實(shí)施促進(jìn)西藏、新疆等地區(qū)跨越式發(fā)展的一系列優(yōu)惠政策。制定實(shí)施新10年農(nóng)村扶貧開發(fā)綱要和興邊富民行動(dòng)規(guī)劃。區(qū)域發(fā)展協(xié)調(diào)性進(jìn)一步增強(qiáng)，中西部和東北地區(qū)主要經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo)增速高于全國平均水平，東部地區(qū)產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型升級步伐加快。

We promoted the balanced development of regional economies.We thoroughly implemented the master strategy for regional development and the national plan for developing functional zones.We introduced preferential policies to promote the leapfrog development of Tibet and Xinjiang;and formulated and implemented a rural poverty alleviation and development program for the next ten years and an action plan to bring prosperity to border areas and the people there.As a result, regional development became better balanced, major economic indicators rose faster in the central and western regions and northeast China than the national average, and the eastern region accelerated industrial transformation and upgrading.城鎮(zhèn)化率超過50%，這是中國社會結(jié)構(gòu)的一個(gè)歷史性變化。勝利完成四川汶川特大地震災(zāi)后恢復(fù)重建任務(wù)，積極推進(jìn)青海玉樹、甘肅舟曲、云南盈江抗災(zāi)救災(zāi)和恢復(fù)重建工作。China's urbanization level exceeded 50%, marking a historic change in the country's social structure.We completed reconstruction in Wenchuan, Sichuan, which was hit by a massive earthquake in 2008, and made major progress in disaster relief and reconstruction in Yushu, Qinghai;Zhugqu, Gansu;and Yingjiang, Yunnan.(三)大力發(fā)展社會事業(yè)，促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展。

3.Developing social services and promoting balanced economic and social development。

各級政府加大對科技、教育、文化、衛(wèi)生、體育事業(yè)的投入，全國財(cái)政支出2.82萬億元。Governments at all levels increased spending on science and technology, education, culture, health, and sports programs, with the total amount reaching 2.82 trillion yuan.持續(xù)提升科技創(chuàng)新能力。加強(qiáng)基礎(chǔ)研究和前沿技術(shù)研究。實(shí)施國家科技重大專項(xiàng)，突破一些關(guān)鍵核心技術(shù)，填補(bǔ)了多項(xiàng)重大產(chǎn)品和裝備的空白。天宮一號目標(biāo)飛行器與神舟八號飛船先后成功發(fā)射并順利交會對接，成為我國載人航天發(fā)展史上新的里程碑。[/cn] We continued to enhance China's scientific and technological innovation capabilities.We strengthened basic research and research in cutting-edge technologies.We carried out major national research and development projects, made breakthroughs in a number of core and key technologies, and filled in many gaps in important products and technologies.The Tiangong-1 space module and the Shenzhou-8 spacecraft were launched, and Shenzhou-8 successfully docked with Tiangong-1, marking a new milestone in China's development of manned spaceflights.[cn]扎實(shí)推進(jìn)教育公平。深入貫徹落實(shí)教育改革和發(fā)展規(guī)劃綱要。經(jīng)過25年堅(jiān)持不懈的努力，全面實(shí)現(xiàn)“兩基”目標(biāo)。免除3000多萬名農(nóng)村寄宿制學(xué)生住宿費(fèi)，其中1228萬名中西部家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)困難學(xué)生享受生活補(bǔ)助。建立起完整的家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)困難學(xué)生資助體系。初步解決農(nóng)民工隨遷子女在城市接受義務(wù)教育的問題。

We made solid progress in making education more equitable.We thoroughly implemented the Plan for Education Reform and Development.Thanks to tireless efforts over the past 25 years, we have fully attained the goals of making nine-year compulsory education universally available and basically eliminating illiteracy among young and middle-aged adults.Over 30 million rural boarding school students were exempted from accommodation expenses, and 12.28 million of them who are from poor families in the central and western regions received living allowances.A comprehensive system for providing aid to students from poor families was put in place.The children of rural migrant workers were generally granted access to compulsory education in cities where they live.推動(dòng)實(shí)施“學(xué)前教育三年行動(dòng)計(jì)劃”，提高幼兒入園率。大力發(fā)展職業(yè)教育。加強(qiáng)中小學(xué)教師培訓(xùn)工作，擴(kuò)大中小學(xué)教師職稱制度改革試點(diǎn)，提高中小學(xué)教師隊(duì)伍整體素質(zhì)。首屆免費(fèi)師范生全部到中小學(xué)任教，90%以上在中西部。

A three-year action plan for preschool education was carried out, and the number of children enrolled in preschool increased.We vigorously developed vocational education.We strengthened training of primary and secondary school teachers, expanded trials of reforming the system of conferring professional titles on them, and raised their overall quality.All the graduates of 2011 who received tuition-free education in teachers' colleges and universities went to teach in primary and secondary schools, with over 90% of them working in central and western China.大力加強(qiáng)文化建設(shè)。中央財(cái)政加大對文化惠民工程的支持，各地對公益性文化事業(yè)投入顯著增加。擴(kuò)大公共文化設(shè)施免費(fèi)開放范圍，服務(wù)面逐步拓展。文化體制改革繼續(xù)推進(jìn)，文化產(chǎn)業(yè)快速發(fā)展。文物保護(hù)、非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)和傳承取得重要進(jìn)展。大力加強(qiáng)群眾體育設(shè)施建設(shè)，全民健身活動(dòng)蓬勃開展，體育事業(yè)取得新成績。

We vigorously strengthened development of the cultural sector.The central government increased financial support for cultural programs that benefit the people, and local governments significantly increased spending on nonprofit cultural programs.We increased the number of public cultural facilities open to the public free of charge, and steadily expanded their services.We continued to reform the cultural system, and cultural industries developed rapidly.Major progress was made in protecting cultural relics and in protecting and passing on China's intangible cultural heritage.We put great effort into building public sports facilities, vigorously developed fitness activities across the country, and made new achievements in sports activities.積極穩(wěn)妥推進(jìn)醫(yī)藥衛(wèi)生事業(yè)改革發(fā)展。基本醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)覆蓋范圍繼續(xù)擴(kuò)大，13億城鄉(xiāng)居民參保，全民醫(yī)保體系初步形成。政策范圍內(nèi)住院費(fèi)用報(bào)銷比例提高，重大疾病醫(yī)療保障病種范圍進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大。各級財(cái)政對城鎮(zhèn)居民醫(yī)保和新農(nóng)合的補(bǔ)助標(biāo)準(zhǔn)由每人每年120元提高到200元。國家基本藥物制度在政府辦基層醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生機(jī)構(gòu)實(shí)現(xiàn)全覆蓋，基本藥物安全性提高、價(jià)格下降。公立醫(yī)院改革試點(diǎn)有序進(jìn)行。基層醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生服務(wù)體系基本建成。基本公共衛(wèi)生服務(wù)均等化取得新進(jìn)展。

We actively yet prudently carried out reform and development of medical and healthcare services.We further expanded coverage of basic medical insurance, so that now 1.3 billion urban and rural residents are covered.A medical insurance system that covers the whole population is emerging.We raised the reimbursement rate for hospitalization expenses covered by relevant policies, and expanded the range of major diseases for which medical treatment is insured.Governments at all levels increased per-person subsidies for the medical insurance for non-working urban residents and the new type of rural cooperative medical care system from 120 yuan per year to 200 yuan per year.We implemented the national system for basic drugs in all community-level medical and health care institutions run by the government, and basic drugs became safer and more affordable.We progressed in an orderly fashion with trials of reforming public hospitals, basically established a community medical and health care service system, and made progress in providing equal access to basic public health services.(四)切實(shí)保障和改善民生，解決關(guān)系群眾切身利益的問題。

4.Ensuring and improving the people's wellbeing and solving problems that affect their interests.我們堅(jiān)持民生優(yōu)先，努力使發(fā)展成果惠及全體人民，促進(jìn)社會公平正義。

We continued to put the people's wellbeing first, worked hard to bring the benefit of development to all, and promoted social fairness and justice.實(shí)施更加積極的就業(yè)政策。多渠道開發(fā)就業(yè)崗位，全力推動(dòng)以創(chuàng)業(yè)帶動(dòng)就業(yè)，加強(qiáng)職業(yè)技能培訓(xùn)和公共就業(yè)服務(wù)體系建設(shè)。加大財(cái)政、稅收、金融等方面支持力度，著力促進(jìn)高校畢業(yè)生、農(nóng)民工等重點(diǎn)人群就業(yè)。高校畢業(yè)生初次就業(yè)率77.8%，同比提高1.2個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。農(nóng)民工總量2.53億人，比上年增長4.4%，其中，外出農(nóng)民工1.59億人，增長3.4%。We implemented a more active employment policy.We created jobs through a variety of channels, expanded job opportunities through the creation of new businesses, strengthened vocational skills training, and improved the public employment service system.We increased fiscal, taxation, and financial support to promote employment of university graduates, rural migrant workers, and other key groups.The employment rate for college graduates reached 77.8%, an increase of 1.2 percentage points over the previous year.The number of rural workers totaled 253 million, an increase of 4.4% over the previous year, of whom 159 million worked in towns and cities, up 3.4%.積極調(diào)整收入分配關(guān)系。著力提高低收入群眾收入。農(nóng)村居民人均純收入實(shí)際增速為1985年以來最高，連續(xù)兩年快于城鎮(zhèn)居民；各地普遍較大幅度調(diào)高最低工資標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；連續(xù)第7年提高企業(yè)退休人員基本養(yǎng)老金，全年人均增加1680元，5700多萬人受益；進(jìn)一步提高城鄉(xiāng)低保補(bǔ)助水平以及部分優(yōu)撫對象撫恤和生活補(bǔ)助標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，對全國城鄉(xiāng)低保對象、農(nóng)村五保供養(yǎng)對象等8600多萬名困難群眾發(fā)放一次性生活補(bǔ)貼；建立社會救助和保障標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與物價(jià)上漲掛鉤的聯(lián)動(dòng)機(jī)制。擴(kuò)大中等收入者所占比重。

We adjusted income distribution.We worked hard to increase the income of low-income people.Per capita net income of rural residents in real terms registered the fastest growth since 1985, outpacing urban residents for the second straight year.We significantly increased the minimum wage across the country.Basic pensions for enterprise retirees increased for the seventh consecutive year, with an average increase of 1,680 yuan per person for the year, which benefited over 57 million people.We further increased subsistence allowances for rural and urban residents and subsidies and living allowances for some entitled groups, and granted lump-sum living allowances to more than 86 million people in need, including subsistence allowance recipients in urban and rural areas and childless and infirm rural residents who are entitled to five forms of support(food, clothing, medical care, housing, and burial expenses).We instituted a mechanism to increase social aid and social security benefits when consumer prices rise.The proportion of middle-income earners in the whole population increased.個(gè)人所得稅起征點(diǎn)從2000元提高到3500元。降低900多萬個(gè)體工商戶稅負(fù)。中央決定將農(nóng)民人均純收入2300元(2010年不變價(jià))作為新的國家扶貧標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，比2009年提高92%，把更多農(nóng)村低收入人口納入扶貧范圍，這是社會的巨大進(jìn)步。

We raised the salary threshold for personal income tax from 2,000 yuan to 3,500 yuan.We reduced the tax burden on over nine million self-employed people.The central government set the new poverty line at 2,300 yuan, which was the per capita net income in rural areas at 2010 prices, an increase of 92% over 2009.This resulted in more low-income people being covered by the government's poverty reduction program, which constitutes tremendous social progress.加強(qiáng)社會保障體系建設(shè)。社會保障覆蓋范圍繼續(xù)擴(kuò)大，全國參加城鎮(zhèn)基本養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)、失業(yè)保險(xiǎn)、工傷保險(xiǎn)和生育保險(xiǎn)人數(shù)大幅增加。2147個(gè)縣(市、區(qū))實(shí)施城鎮(zhèn)居民社會養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)試點(diǎn)，1334萬人參保，641萬人領(lǐng)取養(yǎng)老金。2343個(gè)縣(市、區(qū))開展新型農(nóng)村社會養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)試點(diǎn)，3.58億人參保，9880萬人領(lǐng)取養(yǎng)老金，覆蓋面擴(kuò)大到60%以上。We bolstered the development of the social security system.We continued to expand coverage of social security, and the number of people covered by basic old-age insurance for urban residents, unemployment insurance, workers' compensation and maternity insurance rose substantially nationwide.We carried out trials of old-age insurance for non-working urban residents in 2,147 counties and county-level cities and districts, covering 13.34 million residents, and 6.41 million residents received pensions.We launched trials of a new type of old-age insurance for rural residents in 2,343 counties and county-level cities and districts, covering 358 million people, and 98.8 million people received pensions.We extended coverage of this insurance to more than 60% of China's counties.解決了500多萬名集體企業(yè)退休人員養(yǎng)老保障的歷史遺留問題。將312萬名企業(yè)“老工傷”人員和工亡職工供養(yǎng)親屬納入工傷保險(xiǎn)統(tǒng)籌管理。養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)跨地區(qū)轉(zhuǎn)移接續(xù)工作有序推進(jìn)。社會保障體系不斷健全，向制度全覆蓋邁出重大步伐，這是推進(jìn)基本公共服務(wù)均等化取得的重要成就。

We solved longstanding problems concerning pensions for more than five million retirees of collectively owned enterprises.We included 3.12 million persons who suffer from past work-related injuries and dependents of employees who lost their lives in work-related accidents in workers' compensation insurance.We worked in an orderly way to make it possible to transfer pension accounts between localities.We continued to improve the social security system and made significant progress in extending coverage to all residents.This was an important achievement for ensuring equal access to basic public services for all.大力推進(jìn)保障性安居工程建設(shè)。出臺關(guān)于保障性安居工程建設(shè)和管理的指導(dǎo)意見，完善財(cái)政投入、土地供應(yīng)、信貸支持、稅費(fèi)減免等政策，著力提高規(guī)劃建設(shè)和工程質(zhì)量水平，制定保障性住房分配、管理、退出等制度和辦法。中央財(cái)政安排資金1713億元，是2010年的2.2倍，全年城鎮(zhèn)保障性住房基本建成432萬套，新開工建設(shè)1043萬套。

We accelerated the construction of low-income housing.We adopted guidelines on construction and management of low-income housing;improved policies on government input, land supply, credit support, and tax and fee reductions;strove to improve project planning and construction quality;and introduced a system and measures for distributing, managing, and recalling low-income housing.The central government allocated 171.3 billion yuan for these purposes, an increase of 120% over 2010.We basically completed 4.32 million units of low-income urban housing and began construction on a further 10.43 million units.努力維護(hù)社會公共安全。加強(qiáng)安全生產(chǎn)監(jiān)管，做好重特大安全事故的處置、調(diào)查、問責(zé)工作。完善食品安全監(jiān)管體制機(jī)制，集中打擊、整治非法添加和違法生產(chǎn)加工行為。堅(jiān)持以人為本、服務(wù)為先，加強(qiáng)和創(chuàng)新社會管理，著力排查化解各類社會矛盾，依法打擊違法犯罪活動(dòng)，保持社會和諧穩(wěn)定。

We worked hard to safeguard public safety.We intensified oversight and supervision of workplace safety and ensured that major accidents were fully investigated and dealt with and those responsible were held accountable.We improved the system and mechanisms for oversight and supervision of food safety, and gave high priority to cracking down on the use of illegal additives and the illegal production and processing of food.We put people and services first, strengthened and made innovations in social administration, strove to investigate and resolve social conflicts, cracked down on crime in accordance with the law, and maintained social harmony and stability.(五)深入推進(jìn)改革開放，為經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展注入新的活力和動(dòng)力。5.Deepening reform and opening up and injecting new vitality and impetus into economic and social development.我們按照“十二五”規(guī)劃提出的改革任務(wù)，加大攻堅(jiān)力度，推動(dòng)重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域和關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)的改革。We intensified efforts to overcome difficulties and carried forward reform in major areas and key links to meet reform targets set forth in the Twelfth Five-Year Plan.完善公共財(cái)政體系特別是預(yù)算管理制度，把預(yù)算外資金全部納入預(yù)算管理，擴(kuò)大國有資本經(jīng)營預(yù)算實(shí)施范圍，深化部門預(yù)算改革，推進(jìn)政府預(yù)算、決算公開，98個(gè)中央部門和北京、上海、廣東、陜西等省市公開“三公經(jīng)費(fèi)”。在全國范圍實(shí)施原油、天然氣資源稅從價(jià)計(jì)征改革，出臺營業(yè)稅改征增值稅試點(diǎn)方案。把跨境貿(mào)易人民幣結(jié)算范圍擴(kuò)大到全國，啟動(dòng)境外直接投資人民幣結(jié)算試點(diǎn)，開展外商直接投資人民幣結(jié)算業(yè)務(wù)。

We improved the public finance system, particularly the budget management system.We put all extrabudgetary funds under budgetary management;expanded the scope of budgets for the use of state capital;deepened the reform requiring government departments to prepare their own budgets;and moved ahead with publicly releasing government budgets and final accounts.Ninety-eight central government departments as well as provincial and municipal governments, including Beijing, Shanghai, Guangdong and Shaanxi, publicly released information regarding their spending on official overseas trips, official vehicles and official hospitality.We carried out a price-based reform of resource taxes on crude oil and natural gas nationwide, and introduced a plan to replace business tax with value-added tax(VAT)on a trial basis.We extended the use of RMB in cross-border trade settlement to the whole country, launched trials for settling overseas direct investment accounts in RMB, and began settling foreign direct investment accounts in RMB.深化集體林權(quán)制度改革，啟動(dòng)國有林場改革試點(diǎn)，依法開展草原承包經(jīng)營登記。推進(jìn)水利建設(shè)管理體制改革，創(chuàng)新水資源管理體制。深化國有企業(yè)改革。啟動(dòng)實(shí)施電網(wǎng)主輔分離改革重組以及上網(wǎng)電價(jià)和非居民用電價(jià)格調(diào)整方案。基本完成鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)機(jī)構(gòu)改革。事業(yè)單位分類改革有序開展。

We deepened reform of tenure in collective forests, launched a trial reform of state forestry farms, and started registration for contracting pastureland in accordance with the law.We pressed ahead with reform of the system for managing the construction of water conservancy facilities and made innovations in the system for managing water resources;and deepened reform of state-owned enterprises.We carried out reform to restructure power grids by separating their main business from auxiliary services and implemented the plan to adjust the prices of on-grid electricity and non-household electricity.We basically completed the reform of county and town government bodies, and proceeded with the reform of public institutions through classification in an orderly manner.我們堅(jiān)持出口和進(jìn)口并重，利用外資和對外投資并舉，全面提升開放型經(jīng)濟(jì)水平。積極推進(jìn)市場多元化戰(zhàn)略，努力優(yōu)化貿(mào)易結(jié)構(gòu)。全年貨物進(jìn)出口總額 3.64萬億美元，增長22.5%，其中，出口增長20.3%，進(jìn)口增長24.9%，貿(mào)易順差進(jìn)一步下降。實(shí)際使用外商直接投資1160億美元，服務(wù)業(yè)和 中西部地區(qū)比重提高。企業(yè)“走出去”步伐加快，非金融類對外直接投資601億美元。積極參與國際和區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)合作，多邊雙邊經(jīng)貿(mào)關(guān)系繼續(xù)深化。We continued to put equal emphasis on exports and imports, encouraged foreign investment in China and Chinese investment overseas, and made comprehensive improvements to China's open economy.We actively pursued the strategy of diversifying markets and improved the trade mix.China's total volume of trade in goods totaled US$ 3.64 trillion for the year, up 22.5%.Exports and imports grew by 20.3% and 24.9%, respectively, and our trade surplus decreased further.Total utilized foreign direct investment was $116 billion, and a larger proportion of it went to service industries and the central and western regions.Chinese companies expanded their overseas presence, and non-financial outward direct investment reached $60.1 billion.We actively participated in international and regional economic cooperation and continued to deepen multilateral and bilateral economic and trade relations.我們在民主法制建設(shè)、國防和軍隊(duì)建設(shè)、港澳臺工作和外交工作等方面，都取得了卓有成效的進(jìn)展。

We made outstanding progress in improving democracy and the legal system;strengthening national defense and building up the armed forces;and in our work related to Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan and our diplomatic work.過去一年的成績來之不易，顯示了中國特色社會主義的優(yōu)越性和生命力，增強(qiáng)了中華民族的自豪感和凝聚力。這是以胡錦濤同志為總書記的黨中央科學(xué)決策、正確領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的結(jié)果，是全黨全軍全國各族人民齊心協(xié)力、頑強(qiáng)拼搏的結(jié)果。

Our hard-won achievements over the past year are a testament to the strength and vitality of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics, and have enhanced the pride and cohesiveness of the Chinese nation.We owe these achievements to the sound decisions made by the Party Central Committee, with Comrade Hu Jintao as General Secretary, and its correct leadership, as well as the concerted efforts and hard work of the Party, the armed forces, and the people of all ethnic groups in China.我代表國務(wù)院，向全國各族人民，向各民主黨派、各人民團(tuán)體和各界人士，表示誠摯的感謝！向香港特別行政區(qū)同胞、澳門特別行政區(qū)同胞、臺灣同胞和海外僑胞，表示誠摯的感謝！向關(guān)心和支持中國現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)的各國政府、國際組織和各國朋友，表示誠摯的感謝！On behalf of the State Council, I wish to sincerely thank the Chinese people of all ethnic groups, the democratic parties, people's organizations, and people from all sectors of society.I wish to express my sincere gratitude to our compatriots in the Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions and in Taiwan, as well as overseas Chinese.I also wish to express my sincere appreciation to governments of other countries, international organizations, and foreign friends around the world who show understanding for and support China in its pursuit of modernization.我們也清醒地看到，我國經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展仍然面臨不少困難和挑戰(zhàn)。從國際看，世界經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇進(jìn)程艱難曲折，國際金融危機(jī)還在發(fā)展，一些國家主權(quán)債務(wù)危 機(jī)短期內(nèi)難以緩解。主要發(fā)達(dá)經(jīng)濟(jì)體失業(yè)率居高難下，增長動(dòng)力不足，新興經(jīng)濟(jì)體面臨通貨膨脹和經(jīng)濟(jì)增速回落的雙重壓力。主要貨幣匯率劇烈波動(dòng)，大宗商品價(jià)格 大幅震蕩。國際貿(mào)易投資保護(hù)主義強(qiáng)化。從國內(nèi)看，解決體制性結(jié)構(gòu)性矛盾，緩解發(fā)展不平衡、不協(xié)調(diào)、不可持續(xù)的問題更為迫切、難度更大，經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行中又出現(xiàn)不 少新情況新問題。

We are keenly aware that China still faces many difficulties and challenges in economic and social development.Internationally, the road to global economic recovery will be tortuous, the global financial crisis is still evolving, and some countries will find it hard to ease the sovereign debt crisis any time soon.The unemployment rate remains high in the major developed economies, and they lack impetus for growth.Emerging economies face the dual pressures of inflation and slowing economic growth.The exchange rates of major currencies and the prices of important commodities are experiencing sharp fluctuations.Protectionism in international trade and investment is mounting.Domestically, it has become more urgent but also more difficult to solve institutional and structural problems and alleviate the problem of unbalanced, uncoordinated, and unsustainable development.In addition, China's economy is encountering new problems.主要是：經(jīng)濟(jì)增長存在下行壓力，物價(jià)水平仍處高位，房地產(chǎn)市場調(diào)控處于關(guān)鍵階段，農(nóng)業(yè)穩(wěn)定發(fā)展、農(nóng)民持續(xù)增收難度加大，就業(yè)總量壓力與結(jié)構(gòu)性矛 盾并存，一些企業(yè)特別是小型微型企業(yè)經(jīng)營困難增多，部分行業(yè)產(chǎn)能過剩凸顯，能源消費(fèi)總量增長過快。一些長期矛盾與短期問題相互交織，結(jié)構(gòu)性因素和周期性因 素相互作用，國內(nèi)問題和國際問題相互關(guān)聯(lián)，宏觀調(diào)控面臨更加復(fù)雜的局面。

There is downward pressure on economic growth.Prices remain high.Regulation of the real estate market is in a crucial stage.It is getting harder to maintain steady development of agriculture and sustain increases in rural incomes.Pressure to increase total employment coexists with structural shortages of qualified personnel in some industries.Some enterprises, especially small and micro businesses, face increasing difficulties in their operations.Some industries are plagued by excess production capacity.Total energy consumption is growing excessively fast.Moreover, some long-term and short-term problems are interwoven;structural and cyclical factors affect each other;domestic and international problems have become interrelated;and our macro-control work faces a more complex situation.政府工作仍存在一些缺點(diǎn)和不足，節(jié)能減排、物價(jià)調(diào)控目標(biāo)沒有完成；征地拆遷、安全生產(chǎn)、食品藥品安全、收入分配等方面問題還很突出，群眾反映強(qiáng)烈；政府管理和服務(wù)水平有待提高，廉政建設(shè)亟需加強(qiáng)。

There are still some deficiencies and shortcomings in the government's work.Targets for conserving energy, reducing emissions, and controlling prices are not being met.Problems concerning land expropriation, housing demolition, workplace safety, food and drug safety, and income distribution are still very serious and the people are still very concerned about them.Government administration and services need to be improved, and efforts to build clean government need to be intensified.我們一定要以對國家和人民高度負(fù)責(zé)的精神，采取更加有力的措施，切實(shí)解決存在的問題，努力把各項(xiàng)工作做得更好，決不辜負(fù)人民的重托。

We must act with a strong sense of responsibility toward the country and the people, take more effective steps to resolve these problems, strive to do all our work better, and truly live up to the people's expectations.二、2012年工作總體部署 II.Major Steps to Be Taken in Government Work in 2012 今年是“十二五”時(shí)期承前啟后的重要一年，也是本屆政府任期的最后一年。我們要恪盡職守、銳意進(jìn)取、攻堅(jiān)克難、決不懈怠，交出一份人民滿意的答卷。

This year is an important year of the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period, and the last year of the term of my government.We must dedicate ourselves to our duties, forge ahead with determination, tackle difficult problems directly, and work diligently to achieve results that satisfy the people.我國發(fā)展仍處于重要戰(zhàn)略機(jī)遇期，在較長時(shí)期內(nèi)繼續(xù)保持經(jīng)濟(jì)平穩(wěn)較快發(fā)展具備不少有利條件。工業(yè)化、城鎮(zhèn)化和農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化快速推進(jìn)，消費(fèi)結(jié)構(gòu)和產(chǎn)業(yè) 結(jié)構(gòu)升級蘊(yùn)藏著巨大的需求潛力；經(jīng)過30多年改革開放，我國發(fā)展建立了良好的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)和體制條件，宏觀調(diào)控經(jīng)驗(yàn)不斷豐富，企業(yè)競爭力和抗風(fēng)險(xiǎn)能力明顯提 高；東部地區(qū)創(chuàng)新發(fā)展能力增強(qiáng)，中西部地區(qū)和東北等老工業(yè)基地發(fā)展?jié)摿τ行蜥尫牛唤?jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的傳統(tǒng)優(yōu)勢依然存在，勞動(dòng)力資源豐富、素質(zhì)提高；財(cái)政收支狀況良 好，金融體系運(yùn)行穩(wěn)健，社會資金比較充裕。We are still in an important period of strategic opportunities for China's development, and there are a number of favorable conditions for us to maintain steady and robust economic development for a long time.Industrialization, urbanization and agricultural modernization are proceeding rapidly, and improvements in the consumption pattern and the industrial structure will create huge potential demand.In the course of over 30 years of reform and opening up, we have built a solid material foundation and institutional conditions for development and gained rich experience in macro-control.Our enterprises have become significantly more competitive and resilient.The eastern region has greater capacity for innovation and development, and the development potential of the central and western regions and the old industrial bases in northeast China is being constantly unleashed.We still have our traditional strengths in economic development, as well as rich human resources and a more skilled workforce.We have a good balance between government revenue and expenditures and a sound financial system, and there is ample nongovernmental capital.世界經(jīng)濟(jì)政治格局正在發(fā)生深刻變化，和平、發(fā)展、合作仍然是時(shí)代潮流，總體上有利于我國和平發(fā)展。我們要堅(jiān)定信心，善于運(yùn)用有利條件和積極因素，繼續(xù)抓住和用好重要戰(zhàn)略機(jī)遇期，推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)平穩(wěn)較快發(fā)展，不斷增強(qiáng)我國的綜合國力和國際影響力。

The global economic and political patterns are undergoing profound changes;peace, development, and cooperation remain the underlying trends of the times, and overall the situation is favorable for China's peaceful development.We need to have firm confidence, capitalize on favorable conditions and factors, and continue to grasp and make the most of this important period of strategic opportunities to promote steady and robust economic development, and continue to enhance China's overall strength and its international influence.我們要高舉中國特色社會主義偉大旗幟，以鄧小平理論和“三個(gè)代表”重要思想為指導(dǎo)，深入貫徹落實(shí)科學(xué)發(fā)展觀，堅(jiān)持穩(wěn)中求進(jìn)，加強(qiáng)和改善宏觀調(diào)控，繼續(xù)處理好保持經(jīng)濟(jì)平穩(wěn)較快發(fā)展、調(diào)整經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)和管理通脹預(yù)期的關(guān)系，加快推進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式轉(zhuǎn)變和經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整，著力擴(kuò)大國內(nèi)需求特別是消費(fèi)需求，著力加 強(qiáng)自主創(chuàng)新和節(jié)能減排，著力深化改革開放，著力保障和改善民生，全面推進(jìn)社會主義經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)、政治建設(shè)、文化建設(shè)、社會建設(shè)以及生態(tài)文明建設(shè)，努力實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)平穩(wěn)較快發(fā)展和物價(jià)總水平基本穩(wěn)定，保持社會和諧穩(wěn)定，以經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展的優(yōu)異成績迎接黨的十八大勝利召開。

We must hold high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics, take Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of Three Represents as our guide, thoroughly apply the Scientific Outlook on Development, make progress while maintaining stability, and strengthen and improve macro-control.We will continue to balance maintaining steady and robust economic development, adjusting the economic structure, and managing inflation expectations;accelerate the transformation of the pattern of economic development and adjustment of the economic structure;vigorously expand domestic demand, particularly consumer demand;make every effort to strengthen innovation, energy conservation, and emissions reduction;and strive to deepen reform and opening up and ensure and improve the people's wellbeing.We will comprehensively advance socialist economic development, political, cultural and social progress, and ecological awareness.We will strive to achieve steady and robust economic development and overall price stability, maintain social harmony and stability, and greet the coming Eighteenth National Congress of the CPC with outstanding achievements in economic and social development.今年經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展的主要預(yù)期目標(biāo)是：國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值增長7.5%；城鎮(zhèn)新增就業(yè)900萬人以上，城鎮(zhèn)登記失業(yè)率控制在4.6%以內(nèi)；居民消費(fèi)價(jià)格 漲幅控制在4%左右；進(jìn)出口總額增長10%左右，國際收支狀況繼續(xù)改善。同時(shí)，要在產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整、自主創(chuàng)新、節(jié)能減排等方面取得新進(jìn)展，城鄉(xiāng)居民收入實(shí)際 增長和經(jīng)濟(jì)增長保持同步。

The main targets for this year's economic and social development are as follows: to increase GDP by 7.5%, create more than 9 million new jobs in towns and cities, keep the registered urban unemployment rate at or below 4.6%, hold increases in the CPI to around 4%, increase the volume of total exports and imports by around 10%, and continue to improve our balance of payments.At the same time, we will make further progress in industrial restructuring, innovation, energy conservation, and emissions reduction, and ensure that both urban and rural residents' real incomes increase in line with economic growth.這里要著重說明，國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值增長目標(biāo)略微調(diào)低，主要是要與“十二五”規(guī)劃目標(biāo)逐步銜接，引導(dǎo)各方面把工作著力點(diǎn)放到加快轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式、切 實(shí)提高經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展質(zhì)量和效益上來，以利于實(shí)現(xiàn)更長時(shí)期、更高水平、更好質(zhì)量發(fā)展。提出居民消費(fèi)價(jià)格漲幅控制在4%左右，綜合考慮了輸入性通脹因素、要素成本 上升影響以及居民承受能力，也為價(jià)格改革預(yù)留一定空間。

Here I wish to stress that in setting a slightly lower GDP growth rate, we hope to make it fit with targets in the Twelfth Five-Year Plan, and to guide people in all sectors to focus their work on accelerating the transformation of the pattern of economic development and making economic development more sustainable and efficient, so as to achieve higher-level, higher-quality development over a longer period of time.In projecting a CPI increase of around 4%, we have taken into account imported inflation, rising costs of factors of production, and people's ability to absorb the impact of price increases, while leaving room for the effect of price reforms.綜合考慮各方面情況，要繼續(xù)實(shí)施積極的財(cái)政政策和穩(wěn)健的貨幣政策，根據(jù)形勢變化適時(shí)適度預(yù)調(diào)微調(diào)，進(jìn)一步提高政策的針對性、靈活性和前瞻性。

Taking into consideration all relevant factors, we will continue to follow a proactive fiscal policy and a prudent monetary policy, carry out timely and appropriate anticipatory adjustments and fine-tuning, and make our policies more targeted, flexible, and anticipatory.繼續(xù)實(shí)施積極的財(cái)政政策。保持適度的財(cái)政赤字和國債規(guī)模。今年擬安排財(cái)政赤字8000億元，赤字率下降到1.5%左右，其中中央財(cái)政赤字 5500億元，代發(fā)地方債2500億元。優(yōu)化財(cái)政支出結(jié)構(gòu)、突出重點(diǎn)，更加注重向民生領(lǐng)域傾斜，加大對教育、文化、醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生、就業(yè)、社會保障、保障性安居 工程等方面的投入。更加注重加強(qiáng)薄弱環(huán)節(jié)，加大對“三農(nóng)”、欠發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)、科技創(chuàng)新和節(jié)能環(huán)保、水利、地質(zhì)找礦等的支持。更加注重勤儉節(jié)約，嚴(yán)格控制“三公 經(jīng)費(fèi)”，大力精簡會議和文件，深化公務(wù)用車制度改革，進(jìn)一步降低行政成本。We will continue to implement a proactive fiscal policy.We will keep the deficit and government debt at appropriate levels.This year, we are projecting a deficit of 800 billion yuan, a decrease to around 1.5% of GDP, which consists of a 550 billion yuan central government deficit and 250 billion yuan of bonds issued on behalf of local governments.We will improve the structure of expenditures and give priority to spending in key areas.We will increase spending on areas which are important to the people's wellbeing, such as education, culture, medical and health care, employment, social security, and low-income housing projects.We will pay greater attention to strengthening weak links, and increase funding for agriculture, rural areas, farmers, underdeveloped areas, scientific and technological innovation, energy conservation, environmental protection, water conservancy, and geological prospecting.We will be more economical;strictly restrict spending on official overseas trips, vehicles for official use, and official hospitality;greatly reduce meetings and documents;deepen reform of the system for the use of official cars;and further reduce administrative costs.繼續(xù)控制樓堂館所建設(shè)規(guī)模和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，壓縮大型運(yùn)動(dòng)會場館建設(shè)投入。全面加強(qiáng)對重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域、重點(diǎn)部門和重點(diǎn)資金的審計(jì)。實(shí)施結(jié)構(gòu)性減稅。認(rèn)真落實(shí)和完 善支持小型微型企業(yè)和個(gè)體工商戶發(fā)展的各項(xiàng)稅收優(yōu)惠政策，開展?fàn)I業(yè)稅改征增值稅試點(diǎn)。繼續(xù)對行政事業(yè)性收費(fèi)和政府性基金進(jìn)行清理、整合和規(guī)范。加強(qiáng)地方政 府性債務(wù)管理和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)防范。按照分類管理、區(qū)別對待、逐步化解的原則，繼續(xù)妥善處理存量債務(wù)。

We will continue to restrict the construction of office buildings in terms of both size and grades, and reduce spending on building large gymnasiums and stadiums.We will also comprehensively strengthen auditing of key areas, sectors, and funds.We will introduce structural tax reductions.We will fully implement and improve all preferential tax policies to support the development of small, micro and individually owned businesses, and carry out pilot projects to replace business tax with VAT.We will continue to investigate the collection and use of administrative fees and operations of government-managed funds, merge them where necessary, and ensure fees are collected and government-managed funds are operated in a standardized way.We will strengthen supervision of local government debt and guard against risks.We will continue to deal with outstanding debts properly by classifying them into different categories and managing them accordingly, dealing with different situations differently, and resolving problems gradually.進(jìn)一步清理規(guī)范地方政府融資平臺公司。堅(jiān)決禁止各級政府以各種形式違規(guī)擔(dān)保、承諾。同時(shí)，把短期應(yīng)對措施和長期制度建設(shè)結(jié)合起來，嚴(yán)格控制地方政府新增債務(wù)，將地方政府債務(wù)收支分類納入預(yù)算管理。We will further investigate and standardize financing companies run by local governments.Governments at all levels are prohibited from making guarantees and promises in this respect in violation of laws and regulations.At the same time, we will both take short-term measures and build permanent systems, strictly limit new local government debt, and place revenue and expenditures of local government debt under budgetary management on the basis of their type.繼續(xù)實(shí)施穩(wěn)健的貨幣政策。按照總量適度、審慎靈活的要求，兼顧促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)平穩(wěn)較快發(fā)展、保持物價(jià)穩(wěn)定和防范金融風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。綜合運(yùn)用各種貨幣政策工具，調(diào)節(jié)好貨幣信貸供求，保持社會融資規(guī)模合理增長。廣義貨幣預(yù)期增長14%。優(yōu)化信貸結(jié)構(gòu)，支持國家重點(diǎn)在建、續(xù)建項(xiàng)目和保障性安居工程建設(shè)，加強(qiáng)對符合產(chǎn) 業(yè)政策、有市場需求的企業(yè)特別是小型微型企業(yè)的信貸支持，切實(shí)降低實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì)融資成本。

We will continue to implement a prudent monetary policy.We aim to promote steady and robust economic development, keep prices stable, and guard against financial risks by keeping the total money and credit supply at an appropriate level, and taking a cautious yet flexible approach.We will employ a full range of monetary policy tools, appropriately adjust the supply and demand of money and credit, and maintain proper growth of financing from nongovernment sources.The broad money supply is projected to increase by 14%.We will improve the credit structure, support key state projects that are under construction or expansion and low-income housing projects, and increase credit support to enterprises, especially small and micro businesses, whose operations are in accordance with industrial policies and whose products have market demand.繼續(xù)嚴(yán)格控制對高耗能、高污染和產(chǎn)能過剩行業(yè)的貸款。完善人民幣匯率形成機(jī)制，增強(qiáng)人民幣匯率雙向浮動(dòng)彈性，保持人民幣匯率在合理均衡水平上的 基本穩(wěn)定。大力發(fā)展外匯市場，豐富外匯產(chǎn)品。為市場主體提供更多的匯率避險(xiǎn)工具，管好用好外匯儲備。建立健全系統(tǒng)性金融風(fēng)險(xiǎn)防范和監(jiān)管協(xié)調(diào)機(jī)制，增強(qiáng)抵御 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)能力。加強(qiáng)跨境資本流動(dòng)監(jiān)控。規(guī)范各類借貸行為，引導(dǎo)民間融資健康發(fā)展。

We will effectively reduce the financing costs of the real economy, and continue to strictly restrict loans to industries that are energy intensive, have high emissions or possess excess production capacity.We will improve the mechanism for setting the RMB exchange rate, make the floating exchange rate regime more flexible, and keep the RMB exchange rate basically stable at an appropriate and balanced level.We will vigorously develop the foreign exchange market, diversify foreign exchange products, and provide more tools for market participants to hedge foreign exchange risks.We will manage and utilize our foreign exchange reserves well.We will set up a sound mechanism for preventing systemic financial risks and for coordinating financial oversight and supervision to strengthen our ability to withstand risks.We will tighten oversight on cross-border flows of capital, standardize all types of lending activities, and guide the sound development of private financing.全面做好今年的工作，必須堅(jiān)持突出主題、貫穿主線、統(tǒng)籌兼顧、協(xié)調(diào)推進(jìn)，把穩(wěn)增長、控物價(jià)、調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)、惠民生、抓改革、促和諧更好地結(jié)合起來。

To ensure success in all our work this year, we must uphold the theme of scientific development, take transforming the pattern of economic development as the main thread, adopt a holistic approach, and coordinate all our work.We must coordinate efforts to achieve steady growth, control prices, adjust the economic structure, improve the people's wellbeing, implement reform, and promote harmony.穩(wěn)增長，就是要堅(jiān)持?jǐn)U大內(nèi)需、穩(wěn)定外需，大力發(fā)展實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì)，努力克服國內(nèi)外各種不穩(wěn)定不確定因素的影響，及時(shí)解決苗頭性、傾向性問題，保持經(jīng)濟(jì)平穩(wěn)運(yùn)行。

To achieve steady growth, we will continue to expand domestic demand and keep foreign demand stable, vigorously develop the real economy, work hard to counter the impact of various factors of instability and uncertainty at home and abroad, promptly resolve emerging issues that signal unfavorable trends, and maintain stable economic performance.控物價(jià)，就是要繼續(xù)采取綜合措施，保持物價(jià)總水平基本穩(wěn)定，防止價(jià)格走勢反彈。To control prices, we will continue to take comprehensive measures to maintain basic overall price stability and prevent a rebound of inflation.調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)，就是要有扶有控，提高經(jīng)濟(jì)增長質(zhì)量和效益，增強(qiáng)發(fā)展的協(xié)調(diào)性和可持續(xù)性。To adjust the economic structure, we will support development in some areas while limiting growth in others, improve the quality and efficiency of economic growth, and make development more coordinated and sustainable.惠民生，就是要堅(jiān)持把保障改善民生作為工作的根本出發(fā)點(diǎn)和落腳點(diǎn)，把促進(jìn)社會公平正義放在更加突出的位置，切實(shí)辦成一些讓人民群眾得實(shí)惠的好事實(shí)事。

To improve the people's wellbeing, we will continue to take ensuring and improving the people's wellbeing as the fundamental starting point and goal of our work, give higher priority to promoting social fairness and justice, and take a number of initiatives that will bring substantive benefits to the people.抓改革，就是要以更大的決心和氣力推進(jìn)改革開放，著力解決影響經(jīng)濟(jì)長期 健康發(fā)展的體制性、結(jié)構(gòu)性矛盾，在一些重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域和關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)取得新突破。以開放促改革、促發(fā)展、促創(chuàng)新。

To implement reform, we will carry out reform and opening up with greater determination and effort, solve institutional and structural problems that hinder long-term sound economic and social development, and make breakthroughs in key areas and crucial links.We will spur reform, development and innovation through opening up.促和諧，就是要正確處理改革、發(fā)展、穩(wěn)定三者關(guān)系，積極有效化解各種矛盾和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)隱患，防止局部性問題演變成全局性問題，促進(jìn)社會和諧穩(wěn)定。

To promote harmony, we will properly balance reform, development, and stability;effectively defuse various types of conflicts, risks, and dangers;prevent isolated problems from growing into major ones;and promote social harmony and stability.三、2012年主要任務(wù)

III.Major Tasks for 2012(一)促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)平穩(wěn)較快發(fā)展

1.Promoting steady and robust economic development 擴(kuò)大內(nèi)需特別是消費(fèi)需求是我國經(jīng)濟(jì)長期平穩(wěn)較快發(fā)展的根本立足點(diǎn)，是今年工作的重點(diǎn)。Expanding domestic demand, particularly consumer demand, which is essential to ensuring China's long-term, steady, and robust economic development, is the focus of our economic work this year.著力擴(kuò)大消費(fèi)需求。加快構(gòu)建擴(kuò)大消費(fèi)的長效機(jī)制。大力調(diào)整收入分配格局，增加中低收入者收入，提高居民消費(fèi)能力。完善鼓勵(lì)居民消費(fèi)政策。大力發(fā) 展社會化養(yǎng)老、家政、物業(yè)、醫(yī)療保健等服務(wù)業(yè)。鼓勵(lì)文化、旅游、健身等消費(fèi)，落實(shí)好帶薪休假制度。積極發(fā)展網(wǎng)絡(luò)購物等新型消費(fèi)業(yè)態(tài)。支持引導(dǎo)環(huán)保建材、節(jié) 水潔具、節(jié)能汽車等綠色消費(fèi)。擴(kuò)大消費(fèi)信貸。加強(qiáng)城鄉(xiāng)流通體系和道路、停車場等基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)。加強(qiáng)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量安全監(jiān)管。改善消費(fèi)環(huán)境，維護(hù)消費(fèi)者合法權(quán)益。

We will work hard to expand consumer demand.We will move faster to set up a permanent mechanism for boosting consumption.We will vigorously adjust income distribution, increase the incomes of low-and middle-income groups, and enhance people's ability to consume.We will improve policies that encourage consumption.We will vigorously develop elderly care, domestic, property management, medical and healthcare services.We will encourage consumer spending on cultural activities, tourism, and fitness;and implement the system of paid vacations.We will actively develop new forms of consumption such as online shopping;support and guide the consumption of green goods such as environmentally friendly building materials, water-saving sanitation products, and energy-efficient vehicles;and expand consumer credit.We will improve the urban-rural logistics system and infrastructural facilities, such as roads and parking lots, strengthen supervision over product quality and safety, improve the consumption environment, and safeguard consumers' legitimate rights and interests.不斷優(yōu)化投資結(jié)構(gòu)。保持投資穩(wěn)定增長，促進(jìn)投資和消費(fèi)良性互動(dòng)。認(rèn)真落實(shí)國務(wù)院關(guān)于鼓勵(lì)引導(dǎo)民間投資新36條，出臺具有可操作性的實(shí)施細(xì)則。加 強(qiáng)政府投資對結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整的引領(lǐng)作用，優(yōu)先保證重點(diǎn)在建、續(xù)建項(xiàng)目，有序推進(jìn)國家重大項(xiàng)目開工建設(shè)。把好土地、信貸、節(jié)能、環(huán)保、安全、質(zhì)量等準(zhǔn)入和審核關(guān)，加強(qiáng)對重大項(xiàng)目特別是政府和國有投資項(xiàng)目的監(jiān)管、督查，提高投資質(zhì)量和效益。

We will continue to improve the investment structure.We will maintain the steady growth of investment and use investment to promote consumption and vice versa.We will fully implement the Guidelines of the State Council on Encouraging and Guiding the Sound Development of Nongovernmental Investment and adopt specific operating rules for their implementation.We will strengthen the role of government investment in guiding adjustment of the economic structure, ensure funding for key projects that are under construction or expansion, and begin construction on major national projects in an orderly manner.We will tighten standards on market access and the screening and approval process relating to land, credit, energy conservation, environmental protection, safety, and quality;and strengthen supervision and inspections of major projects, particularly those undertaken by governments and state-owned firms, to improve the quality of and returns on such investments.(二)保持物價(jià)總水平基本穩(wěn)定

2.Keeping overall prices basically stable 這是關(guān)系群眾利益和經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展全局的重點(diǎn)工作。要在有效實(shí)施宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)政策、管好貨幣信貸總量、促進(jìn)社會總供求基本平衡的基礎(chǔ)上，搞好價(jià)格調(diào)控，防止物價(jià)反彈。

This is a key task affecting the people's interests and China's overall economic and social development.We will control prices and prevent inflation from rebounding by effectively carrying out macroeconomic policies, managing the supply of money and credit, and striving for basic equilibrium in aggregate supply and demand.增加生產(chǎn)、保障供給。繼續(xù)把控制食品價(jià)格過快上漲作為穩(wěn)定物價(jià)的重點(diǎn)。落實(shí)好“米袋子”省長負(fù)責(zé)制和“菜籃子”市長負(fù)責(zé)制，保障主要農(nóng)產(chǎn)品供 給。大中城市要有合理的菜地保有量，穩(wěn)定和提高本地應(yīng)季蔬菜自給水平，同周邊地區(qū)和優(yōu)勢產(chǎn)區(qū)協(xié)作建設(shè)“菜籃子”產(chǎn)品基地。加強(qiáng)重要商品產(chǎn)運(yùn)銷銜接，完善政 府儲備和商業(yè)儲備體系，做好主要農(nóng)產(chǎn)品收儲和投放，增強(qiáng)市場調(diào)控能力。

We will increase production and ensure supply.We will continue to make curbing excessive rises in food prices a priority of stabilizing prices.We will effectively carry out the practice of holding provincial governors responsible for the “rice bag”(grain supply)and city mayors for the “vegetable basket”(non-grain food supply)and ensure the supply of major farm products.Large and medium-sized cities should have sufficient farmland for growing vegetables, maintain and raise the proportion of seasonal vegetables sold there that are grown locally, and develop vegetable production bases in collaboration with neighboring areas and areas with suitable conditions.We will strengthen coordination of the production, transportation, and sale of important commodities;improve systems of government reserves and commercial reserves;do a good job purchasing, storing and marketing major agricultural products;and regulate the market better.搞活流通、降低成本。嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行蔬菜等鮮活農(nóng)產(chǎn)品運(yùn)輸綠色通道政策。認(rèn)真落實(shí)對農(nóng)產(chǎn)品批發(fā)市場、集貿(mào)市場、社區(qū)平價(jià)菜店等的扶持政策，鼓勵(lì)城市連 鎖超市、高校、大型企業(yè)、社區(qū)與農(nóng)產(chǎn)品流通企業(yè)、專業(yè)合作社、種養(yǎng)大戶對接，減少流通環(huán)節(jié)，增加零售網(wǎng)點(diǎn)，充分發(fā)揮流通主渠道作用。

We will improve distribution and reduce distribution costs.We will ensure that the green channel policy for transporting vegetables and other fresh farm products is fully implemented.We will carry out policies to support wholesale agricultural product markets, market fairs, and community-based, low-priced vegetable stores.We will encourage urban chain supermarkets, universities, large enterprises, and communities to establish direct supply contacts with farm product distributors, specialized farmer cooperatives, and large family farms.We will also reduce distribution links and increase retail outlets so that they can play a leading role in distribution.We will deepen reform of the distribution system.We will expand trials of a tax on the income of logistics enterprises after deductions, and improve tax policies on the use of land occupied by facilities for storing major commodities.We will adjust and improve VAT policies for the wholesale and retail of some agricultural products, and promote standardized and information-based distribution.We will adopt a full range of measures to make distribution more efficient and cost-effective so as to benefit both producers and consumers.深化流通體制改革。擴(kuò)大物流企業(yè)營業(yè)稅差額納稅試點(diǎn)范圍，完善大宗商品倉儲設(shè)施用地稅收政策。調(diào)整完善部分農(nóng)產(chǎn)品批發(fā)、零售增值稅政策，推動(dòng)流通標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化、信息化建設(shè)。要多管齊下，切實(shí)把流通效率提上去、中間成本降下來，真正讓生產(chǎn)者和消費(fèi)者都得到好處。加強(qiáng)監(jiān)管、規(guī)范秩序。重點(diǎn)加強(qiáng)對食品、藥品價(jià)格和醫(yī)療、通信、教育等服務(wù)收費(fèi)的監(jiān)督檢查，堅(jiān)決治理交通運(yùn)輸領(lǐng)域亂收費(fèi)亂罰款，糾正大型零售商業(yè)企業(yè)違規(guī)收費(fèi)行為，嚴(yán)厲查處發(fā)布虛假信息、囤積居奇、操縱價(jià)格、惡意炒作等違法行為。把握好輿論導(dǎo)向，正確引導(dǎo)社會預(yù)期。

We will tighten oversight and ensure market order.We will give high priority to strengthening oversight and inspection of food and drug prices as well as fees and charges for medical, communications, and educational services;put an end to unauthorized collection of charges and fines in the transportation sector;stop large commercial retailers from illegally collecting fees;and crack down on illegal practices such as releasing false information, hoarding and profiteering, manipulating prices, and speculation.We will lead public opinion and correctly guide public expectations of price movements.(三)促進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)穩(wěn)定發(fā)展和農(nóng)民持續(xù)增收

3.Promoting steady growth of agriculture and sustained increases in rural incomes 在工業(yè)化和城鎮(zhèn)化發(fā)展進(jìn)程中，要更加重視農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化。必須堅(jiān)持把解決好“三農(nóng)”問題作為各項(xiàng)工作的重中之重，進(jìn)一步加大強(qiáng)農(nóng)惠農(nóng)富農(nóng)政策力度，鞏固和發(fā)展農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村好形勢。We need to pay even greater attention to modernizing agriculture in the course of industrialization and urbanization.We must continue to make solving problems related to agriculture, rural areas, and farmers a top priority in all of our work;increase policy support to strengthen agriculture, benefit farmers, and enrich rural areas;and consolidate and build upon achievements in the development of agriculture and rural areas.穩(wěn)定發(fā)展農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)，多渠道增加農(nóng)民收入。繼續(xù)開展糧食穩(wěn)定增產(chǎn)行動(dòng)，穩(wěn)定糧食種植面積，著力提高單產(chǎn)。引導(dǎo)農(nóng)民調(diào)整結(jié)構(gòu)，擴(kuò)大緊缺、優(yōu)質(zhì)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品 生產(chǎn)，支持蔬菜、肉蛋奶、水產(chǎn)品等生產(chǎn)。農(nóng)業(yè)補(bǔ)貼要繼續(xù)增加總量，提高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，擴(kuò)大范圍，完善機(jī)制，新增補(bǔ)貼重點(diǎn)向種養(yǎng)大戶、農(nóng)民專業(yè)合作社及各種生產(chǎn)服務(wù) 組織傾斜。We will steadily develop agricultural production and increase farmers' incomes by various means.We will continue to carry out activities to steadily increase grain production, keep the area of land sown to grain crops stable, and increase per-unit yields.We will guide farmers to adjust their mix of crops or livestock, and produce more farm products that are high in quality or short in supply.We will support the production of vegetables, meat, eggs, milk, and aquatic products.We will continue to increase agricultural subsidies, raise their standard, expand their coverage, improve mechanisms for issuing them, and direct new subsidy increases mainly to large family farms, specialized farmer cooperatives, and producer-oriented service organizations.繼續(xù)提高糧食最低收購價(jià)，今年小麥、稻谷最低收購價(jià)平均每50公斤分別提高7.4元和16元。健全主產(chǎn)區(qū)利益補(bǔ)償機(jī)制，增加糧油、生豬等重要農(nóng) 產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)大縣獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)補(bǔ)助資金。實(shí)施新10年農(nóng)村扶貧開發(fā)綱要，按照新的國家扶貧標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，全面做好扶貧開發(fā)工作，加大集中連片特殊困難地區(qū)扶貧開發(fā)力度，讓扶貧 對象更多地分享改革發(fā)展成果。

We will continue to raise the minimum purchase price for grain, and we will raise the average floor prices for wheat and rice by 7.4 yuan and 16 yuan per 50 kilograms, respectively.We will improve the mechanism for subsidizing major growing areas and increase rewards and subsidies to major counties that produce important agricultural products such as grain, oilseed, and hogs.We will implement the 2011-2020 rural poverty alleviation and development program and, in accordance with the new national standards for poverty alleviation, do a good job of all poverty alleviation and development work, and step up our work in contiguous areas with particular difficulties to ensure that people in poverty share more fruits of reform and development.加快農(nóng)業(yè)科技進(jìn)步。農(nóng)業(yè)的根本出路在科技。要大力推動(dòng)農(nóng)業(yè)科技創(chuàng)新，加大對良種繁育、疫病防控、農(nóng)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量安全等關(guān)鍵技術(shù)研發(fā)和應(yīng)用的支持力 度。加快推進(jìn)基層農(nóng)技推廣服務(wù)體系改革和建設(shè)，健全鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)或區(qū)域性農(nóng)業(yè)公共服務(wù)機(jī)構(gòu)。完善農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)補(bǔ)貼制度，促進(jìn)先進(jìn)適用農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)到田到戶。建好現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)示 范區(qū)，推進(jìn)高產(chǎn)創(chuàng)建和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化創(chuàng)建。加快農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化步伐。

We will speed up progress in agricultural science and technology.The fundamental way to develop agriculture is through science and technology.We will vigorously promote innovations in agro-science and increase support for R&D on and the application of key technologies for cultivating superior varieties and breeds, preventing and controlling animal and plant epidemics, and ensuring the quality and safety of agricultural products.We will accelerate reform and development of the service system for spreading agricultural technology in villages, and improve public service agricultural agencies in townships, towns, and regions.We will improve the system for subsidizing agricultural technologies and encourage farmers to use advanced and appropriate agricultural technologies.We will develop modern agriculture demonstration sites, encourage farmers to grow high-yield crops, promote the standardization of farming techniques, and accelerate agricultural mechanization.加強(qiáng)農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)。今年中央財(cái)政用于“三農(nóng)”的投入擬安排12287億元，比上年增加1868億元。要搞好灌區(qū)配套改造和小型農(nóng)田水利建 設(shè)，大力發(fā)展節(jié)水農(nóng)業(yè)，加大土地開發(fā)整理復(fù)墾力度，大規(guī)模建設(shè)旱澇保收高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)基本農(nóng)田。加快中小河流治理、小型水庫除險(xiǎn)加固和山洪地質(zhì)災(zāi)害綜合防治。加強(qiáng) 農(nóng)村水電路氣以及文化體育等基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)，推進(jìn)農(nóng)村環(huán)境治理，加快農(nóng)村危房改造，繼續(xù)改善農(nóng)村生產(chǎn)生活條件。

We will strengthen agricultural and rural infrastructure.The central government plans to allocate 1.2287 trillion yuan for agriculture, rural areas and farmers, 186.8 billion yuan more than last year.With these funds we will build and upgrade water-saving facilities in irrigated areas and build more small water conservancy projects, and vigorously develop water-efficient agriculture.We will intensify efforts to develop, improve, and reclaim rural land and develop on a large scale basic farmland that meets high drought and flood resistance standards.We will take speedy steps to harness small and medium-sized rivers, reinforce small aging reservoirs, and take comprehensive measures to prevent and mitigate geological disasters caused by mountain torrents.We will continue to improve working and living conditions in rural areas by strengthening infrastructure such as water, power, and methane supply facilities, roads, and cultural and sports venues, and by cleaning up the environment and renovating dilapidated houses more quickly.深化農(nóng)村改革。堅(jiān)持農(nóng)村基本經(jīng)營制度不動(dòng)搖。要認(rèn)真搞好土地確權(quán)登記頒證。土地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)、宅基地使用權(quán)、集體收益分配權(quán)是法律賦予農(nóng)民的財(cái)產(chǎn) 權(quán)利，任何人都不能侵犯。加強(qiáng)土地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)流轉(zhuǎn)管理和服務(wù)，發(fā)展適度規(guī)模經(jīng)營。嚴(yán)格保護(hù)耕地。制定出臺農(nóng)村集體土地征收補(bǔ)償條例。扶持發(fā)展農(nóng)民專業(yè)合作 社、產(chǎn)業(yè)化龍頭企業(yè)，開展多種形式的農(nóng)業(yè)社會化服務(wù)，發(fā)展農(nóng)業(yè)保險(xiǎn)，提高農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)化、組織化程度。深化農(nóng)村綜合改革。推進(jìn)國有農(nóng)場、林場體制改革。

We will deepen rural reform.We will uphold the basic rural operation system.We will work diligently to determine, register, and certify land ownership.Farmers' rights to the land they contract to work on, to the land on which their houses sit, and to proceeds from collective undertakings are property rights conferred by law, and these rights must not to be violated by anyone.We will provide better supervision and services for the transfer of contracted land-use rights, and develop farming operations on an appropriately large scale.We will place farmland under strict protection, and formulate and promulgate regulations concerning compensation for the expropriation of rural collective land.We will support large-scale farming by specialized farmer cooperatives and leading enterprises, encourage various sectors of society to provide services for agriculture, develop agricultural insurance, and increase commercialization and specialization in agriculture.We will deepen comprehensive rural reform.We will also reform systems for managing state-owned farms and forest farms and continue to deepen reform of tenure in collective forests.(四)加快轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式

4.Accelerating the transformation of the pattern of economic development

解決發(fā)展不平衡、不協(xié)調(diào)、不可持續(xù)的問題，關(guān)鍵在于加快轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式，推進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)戰(zhàn)略性調(diào)整，這既是一個(gè)長期過程，也是當(dāng)前最緊迫的任務(wù)。

The key to solving the problems of imbalanced, uncoordinated, and unsustainable development is to accelerate the transformation of the pattern of economic development and carry out strategic adjustment of the economic restructure.This is both a long-term task and our most pressing task at present.促進(jìn)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化升級。推動(dòng)戰(zhàn)略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè)健康發(fā)展。建立促進(jìn)新能源利用的機(jī)制，加強(qiáng)統(tǒng)籌規(guī)劃、項(xiàng)目配套、政策引導(dǎo)，擴(kuò)大國內(nèi)需求，制止太陽 能、風(fēng)電等產(chǎn)業(yè)盲目擴(kuò)張。發(fā)展新一代信息技術(shù)，加強(qiáng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)，推動(dòng)三網(wǎng)融合取得實(shí)質(zhì)性進(jìn)展。大力發(fā)展高端裝備制造、節(jié)能環(huán)保、生物醫(yī)藥、新能源汽 車、新材料等產(chǎn)業(yè)。擴(kuò)大技改專項(xiàng)資金規(guī)模，促進(jìn)傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)改造升級。

We will improve and upgrade the industrial structure.We will promote the sound development of strategic emerging industries.We will accelerate the establishment of mechanisms that promote the use of new energy sources;strengthen overall planning, auxiliary projects and policy guidance;and expand domestic demand.We will prevent blind expansion in our capacity to manufacture solar energy and wind power equipment.We will develop next-generation information technology, strengthen network infrastructure, and make substantive progress in integrating the telecommunications network, the radio and television broadcasting network, and the Internet.We will energetically develop the high-end equipment manufacturing, energy conservation, environmental protection, biopharmaceuticals, new-energy vehicles, and new materials industries.We will increase funding for technological upgrading projects, and press ahead with the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries.以汽車、鋼鐵、造船、水泥等行業(yè)為重點(diǎn)，控制增量，優(yōu)化存量，推動(dòng)企業(yè)兼并重組，提高產(chǎn)業(yè)集中度和規(guī)模效益。落實(shí)并完善促進(jìn)小型微型企業(yè)發(fā)展的 政策，進(jìn)一步減輕企業(yè)負(fù)擔(dān)，激發(fā)科技型小型微型企業(yè)發(fā)展活力。實(shí)施有利于服務(wù)業(yè)發(fā)展的財(cái)稅、金融政策，支持社會資本進(jìn)入服務(wù)業(yè)，促進(jìn)服務(wù)業(yè)發(fā)展提速、比重 提高、水平提升。

We will control increases in production capacity, improve existing production facilities, encourage enterprise mergers and reorganizations, and increase industrial concentration and economies of scale, with the focus on the automobile, steel, shipbuilding, and cement industries.We will implement and improve policies to promote the growth of small and micro businesses, further reduce burdens on enterprises, and promote the vibrant growth of small and micro high-tech enterprises.We will implement fiscal, taxation, and financial policies that facilitate the development of the service sector and encourage nongovernmental investment in this sector, in order to promote faster development of the sector, increase its share in the economy, and facilitate its upgrading.推進(jìn)節(jié)能減排和生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)。節(jié)能減排的關(guān)鍵是節(jié)約能源，提高能效，減少污染。要抓緊制定出臺合理控制能源消費(fèi)總量工作方案，加快理順能源價(jià)格 體系。綜合運(yùn)用經(jīng)濟(jì)、法律和必要的行政手段，突出抓好工業(yè)、交通、建筑、公共機(jī)構(gòu)、居民生活等重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域和千家重點(diǎn)耗能企業(yè)節(jié)能減排，進(jìn)一步淘汰落后產(chǎn)能。加強(qiáng)用能管理，發(fā)展智能電網(wǎng)和分布式能源，實(shí)施節(jié)能發(fā)電調(diào)度、合同能源管理、政府節(jié)能采購等行之有效的管理方式。We will conserve energy, reduce emissions, and protect the ecological environment.The key to conserving energy and reducing emissions is to save energy, improve energy efficiency, and reduce pollution.We will promptly formulate and promulgate a work plan for appropriately controlling total energy consumption, and move quickly to base the energy pricing system on the market.We will use economic, legal, and the necessary administrative means to conserve energy and reduce emissions in key areas such as manufacturing, transportation, construction, public institutions, and people's homes, and in 1,000 key energy-intensive enterprises;and close down more outdated production facilities.We will tighten supervision of energy use, develop smart power grids and ensure the proper distribution of energy supplies, and implement effective administrative practices such as efficient electricity generation and distribution, energy performance contracting, and government procurement of energy-efficient goods and services.優(yōu)化能源結(jié)構(gòu)，推動(dòng)傳統(tǒng)能源清潔高效利用，安全高效發(fā)展核電，積極發(fā)展水電，加快頁巖氣勘查、開發(fā)攻關(guān)，提高新能源和可再生能源比重。加強(qiáng)能源 通道建設(shè)。深入貫徹節(jié)約資源和保護(hù)環(huán)境基本國策。開展節(jié)能認(rèn)證和能效標(biāo)識監(jiān)督檢查，鼓勵(lì)節(jié)能、節(jié)水、節(jié)地、節(jié)材和資源綜合利用，大力發(fā)展循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)。加強(qiáng)環(huán) 境保護(hù)，著力解決重金屬、飲用水源、大氣、土壤、海洋污染等關(guān)系民生的突出環(huán)境問題。努力減少農(nóng)業(yè)面源污染。嚴(yán)格監(jiān)管危險(xiǎn)化學(xué)品。We will optimize the energy structure, promote clean and efficient use of traditional energy, safely and effectively develop nuclear power, actively develop hydroelectric power, tackle key problems more quickly in the exploration and development of shale gas, and increase the share of new energy and renewable energy in total energy consumption.We will step up the construction of energy transportation routes.We will thoroughly implement the basic state policy of conserving resources and protecting the environment.We will carry out certification of energy-efficient products and oversight and inspection of energy efficiency labeling;encourage economical use of energy, water, land, and materials as well as comprehensive use of resources;and vigorously develop a circular economy.We will strengthen environmental protection;strive to solve major environmental problems that directly affect people's lives, such as heavy metals, drinking water sources, air, soil, and marine pollution;reduce pollution from non-point agricultural sources;and put hazardous chemicals under strict oversight and supervision.今年在京津冀、長三角、珠三角等重點(diǎn)區(qū)域以及直轄市和省會城市開展細(xì)顆粒物(PM2.5)等項(xiàng)目監(jiān)測，2015年覆蓋所有地級以上城市。推進(jìn)生 態(tài)建設(shè)，促進(jìn)生態(tài)保護(hù)和修復(fù)，鞏固天然林保護(hù)、退耕還林還草、退牧還草成果，加強(qiáng)草原生態(tài)建設(shè)，大力開展植樹造林，推進(jìn)荒漠化、石漠化、坡耕地治理，嚴(yán)格 保護(hù)江河源、濕地、湖泊等重要生態(tài)功能區(qū)。加強(qiáng)適應(yīng)氣候變化特別是應(yīng)對極端氣候事件能力建設(shè)，提高防災(zāi)減災(zāi)能力。堅(jiān)持共同但有區(qū)別的責(zé)任原則和公平原則，建設(shè)性推動(dòng)應(yīng)對氣候變化國際談判進(jìn)程。我們要用行動(dòng)昭告世界，中國絕不靠犧牲生態(tài)環(huán)境和人民健康來換取經(jīng)濟(jì)增長，我們一定能走出一條生產(chǎn)發(fā)展、生活富裕、生態(tài)良好的文明發(fā)展道路。

We will start monitoring fine particulate matter(PM2.5)in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the Yangtze River delta, the Pearl River delta and other key areas as well as in municipalities directly under the central government and provincial capital cities, and extend the practice to all cities at and above the prefectural level by 2015.We will improve the ecology, establish a sound system of compensation for ecological damage, strengthen ecological protection and restoration, and consolidate achievements in protecting virgin forests, turning vulnerable farmland into forests and grasslands, and stopping grazing to let grasslands recover.We will strengthen grassland ecological conservation;vigorously carry out afforestation;make progress in dealing with desertification and stony deserts and in improving terraced farmland;and strictly protect river sources, wetlands, lakes, and other priority functional ecological zones.We will strengthen capacity building to adapt to climate change, and especially to respond to extreme climate events, and improve our ability to prevent and mitigate natural disasters.We will uphold the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and the principle of fairness, and play a constructive role in promoting international talks on climate change.We will show the world with our actions that China will never seek economic growth at the expense of its ecological environment and public health.We are definitely capable of taking a path of civilized development which ensures that production increases, people's living standards rise, and we live in a good ecological environment.促進(jìn)區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展。實(shí)施區(qū)域發(fā)展總體戰(zhàn)略和主體功能區(qū)規(guī)劃，充分發(fā)揮各地特色和優(yōu)勢，進(jìn)一步提高區(qū)域發(fā)展的協(xié)調(diào)性和基本公共服務(wù)均等化水平。認(rèn)真落實(shí)西部大開發(fā)新10年的政策措施，加大實(shí)施中部地區(qū)崛起戰(zhàn)略的力度，加快推進(jìn)東北地區(qū)等老工業(yè)基地振興，積極支持東部地區(qū)轉(zhuǎn)型發(fā)展、在更高層次 上參與國際競爭與合作。要加大對革命老區(qū)、民族地區(qū)、邊疆地區(qū)和貧困地區(qū)的扶持力度。

We will enhance balanced economic development among regions.We will implement the master strategy for regional development and the plan for developing functional zones, give full play to the distinctive strengths of each region, better coordinate development among regions, and make delivery of basic public services more equitable.We will conscientiously implement the policies and measures for the large-scale development of the western region in the new decade, work even harder to implement the strategy for the rise of the central region, more quickly revitalize the old industrial bases in northeast China, and actively support the eastern region in transforming its economy and participating in international competition and cooperation at a higher level.We will increase support to old revolutionary base areas, ethnic minority areas, border areas, and poverty-stricken areas.更好地發(fā)揮經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)、上海浦東新區(qū)、天津?yàn)I海新區(qū)在改革開放中先行先試的重要作用。制定和實(shí)施海洋發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略，促進(jìn)海洋經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。加強(qiáng)和完善跨區(qū)域合作機(jī)制，消除市場壁壘，促進(jìn)要素流動(dòng)，引導(dǎo)產(chǎn)業(yè)有序轉(zhuǎn)移，推動(dòng)區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)良性互動(dòng)、協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展。

We will encourage special economic zones, the Pudong New Area in Shanghai, and the Binhai New Area in Tianjin to better play their role of leading the way and exploring new paths in reform and opening up.We will formulate and implement a strategy for marine development, and promote the development of the marine economy.We will strengthen and improve inter-regional cooperation mechanisms, remove market barriers, facilitate the flow of factors of production, guide the orderly transfer of industries, and promote mutually reinforcing and coordinated economic development among regions.積極穩(wěn)妥推進(jìn)城鎮(zhèn)化。要遵循城市發(fā)展規(guī)律，從各地實(shí)際出發(fā)，促進(jìn)大中小城市和小城鎮(zhèn)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展。根據(jù)資源環(huán)境和人口承載能力，優(yōu)化全國生產(chǎn)力布 局，形成合理的城鎮(zhèn)體系和與國土規(guī)模、資源分布、發(fā)展?jié)摿ο噙m應(yīng)的人口布局。各類城市都要夯實(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)，創(chuàng)造就業(yè)機(jī)會，完善基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，改善人居環(huán)境，加強(qiáng) 管理服務(wù)，提升城鎮(zhèn)化質(zhì)量和水平。We will actively yet prudently promote urbanization.We will promote the coordinated development of large, medium-sized, and small cities as well as small towns in light of local conditions and in accordance with the laws governing urban development.On the basis of the carrying capacity of China's resources, environment and population, we will improve the distribution of the productive forces across the country, develop cities and towns rationally, and ensure that the geographical distribution of the population is suited to land availability, resources distribution, and development potential.We will strengthen the economic foundation and create job opportunities in all cities, improve their infrastructure and living environment, strengthen urban management and services, and raise the quality and level of urbanization.更加注重把在城鎮(zhèn)穩(wěn)定就業(yè)和居住的農(nóng)民工有序轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槌擎?zhèn)居民；放寬中小城市落戶條件，合理引導(dǎo)人口流向，讓更多農(nóng)村富余勞動(dòng)力就近轉(zhuǎn)移就業(yè)。加 強(qiáng)對農(nóng)民工的人文關(guān)懷和服務(wù)，著力解決農(nóng)民工在就業(yè)服務(wù)、社會保障、子女入園上學(xué)、住房租購等方面的實(shí)際問題，逐步將城鎮(zhèn)基本公共服務(wù)覆蓋到農(nóng)民工。關(guān)愛 留守兒童、留守婦女和留守老人。讓農(nóng)民無論進(jìn)城還是留鄉(xiāng)，都能安居樂業(yè)、幸福生活。

We will give higher priority to registering rural migrant workers with stable jobs and permanent homes in cities or towns as permanent urban residents in an orderly manner.We will relax eligibility for registering as urban households in small and medium-sized cities, guide the rational flow of the population, and enable more surplus rural workers to find nonagricultural employment in nearby towns and cities.We should care more deeply for rural migrant workers and provide more services to them;resolve difficulties they have in securing employment services, obtaining social security benefits, getting their children enrolled in preschools and schools, and renting or purchasing homes;and gradually extend to them basic public services that are available to urban residents.We will take care of children, women and old people who are left behind by rural migrant workers who work in cities.We will enable rural residents to enjoy a happy life whether they go to the city or stay in the countryside.(五)深入實(shí)施科教興國戰(zhàn)略和人才強(qiáng)國戰(zhàn)略

5.Thoroughly implementing the strategies of developing China through science and education and strengthening the country through human resource development 大力發(fā)展科技、教育事業(yè)，培養(yǎng)高素質(zhì)的人才隊(duì)伍，是國家強(qiáng)盛、民族復(fù)興的必由之路。To make China prosperous and strong and achieve the revival of the Chinese nation, we need to vigorously develop science, technology, and education and create a high-quality talent pool.堅(jiān)持優(yōu)先發(fā)展教育。中央財(cái)政已按全國財(cái)政性教育經(jīng)費(fèi)支出占國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值的4%編制預(yù)算，地方財(cái)政也要相應(yīng)安排，確保實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)。教育經(jīng)費(fèi)要突 出保障重點(diǎn)，加強(qiáng)薄弱環(huán)節(jié)，提高使用效益。深入推進(jìn)教育體制改革，全面實(shí)施素質(zhì)教育，逐步解決考試招生、教育教學(xué)等方面的突出問題。推進(jìn)學(xué)校民主管理，逐步形成制度。

We will continue to give high priority to developing education.The central government has already prepared its budget to meet the requirement that government spending on education accounts for 4% of China's GDP, and local governments should act accordingly to ensure that this target is reached.Funds for education must be used to meet the funding requirements in key areas and strengthen weak links so that they yield better results.We will deepen reform of the educational system, extensively implement well-rounded education, and gradually resolve major problems in examination and enrollment, and in education and teaching.We will carry forward and gradually institutionalize democratic school management.促進(jìn)義務(wù)教育均衡發(fā)展，資源配置要向中西部、農(nóng)村、邊遠(yuǎn)、民族地區(qū)和城市薄弱學(xué)校傾斜。繼續(xù)花大氣力推動(dòng)解決擇校、入園等人民群眾關(guān)心的熱點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)問 題。農(nóng)村中小學(xué)布局要因地制宜，處理好提高教育質(zhì)量和方便孩子們就近上學(xué)的關(guān)系。辦好農(nóng)村寄宿學(xué)校，實(shí)施好農(nóng)村義務(wù)教育學(xué)生營養(yǎng)改善計(jì)劃。加強(qiáng)校車安全管 理，確保孩子們的人身安全。加強(qiáng)學(xué)前教育、繼續(xù)教育和特殊教育，建設(shè)現(xiàn)代職業(yè)教育體系，辦好民族教育。

We will promote the balanced development of compulsory education and give preference to schools in the central and western regions, rural areas, remote areas, and ethnic minority areas, and to weak urban schools when allocating resources.We will continue to make great efforts to ease contentious issues of great concern to the people, including paying to enroll one's children in better schools and the shortage of preschools.We will arrange the location of rural primary and secondary schools in light of local conditions, and ensure there is a proper balance between improving the quality of education and placing schools closer to children.We will run rural boarding schools well, and implement the plan for improving nutrition for rural students receiving compulsory education.We will enhance school bus and campus safety to ensure children's safety.We will strengthen preschool, continuing and special education, develop a modern vocational education system, and do a good job educating ethnic minority students.高等教育要與經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展和國家戰(zhàn)略需要緊密結(jié)合，提高教育質(zhì)量和創(chuàng)新能力。完善國家助學(xué)制度，逐步將中等職業(yè)教育免學(xué)費(fèi)政策覆 蓋到所有農(nóng)村學(xué)生，擴(kuò)大普通高中家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)困難學(xué)生資助范圍。大力發(fā)展民辦教育，鼓勵(lì)和引導(dǎo)社會資本進(jìn)入各級各類教育領(lǐng)域。教育寄托著人民的希望，關(guān)系國家 的未來，我們一定要把這項(xiàng)事業(yè)辦得更好！Higher education should better meet the needs of economic and social development and China's strategic requirements, and improve its quality and capacity for making innovations.We will improve the state financial aid system for students by gradually making all rural students exempt from paying tuition for secondary vocational education, and by granting financial aid to more students from poor families who attend regular senior secondary schools.We will vigorously develop privately run schools and encourage and guide nongovernmental investment in all types of schools at all levels.The people place their hopes on education, and education is crucial for China's future, so we must achieve even better results in this work.大力推進(jìn)科技創(chuàng)新。加強(qiáng)國家創(chuàng)新體系建設(shè)。深化科技體制改革，推動(dòng)企業(yè)成為技術(shù)創(chuàng)新主體，促進(jìn)科技與經(jīng)濟(jì)緊密結(jié)合。支持企業(yè)加強(qiáng)研發(fā)中心建設(shè)，承擔(dān)國家和地區(qū)重大科技項(xiàng)目。引導(dǎo)科研機(jī)構(gòu)、高等院校的科研力量為企業(yè)研發(fā)中心服務(wù)，更好地實(shí)現(xiàn)產(chǎn)學(xué)研有機(jī)結(jié)合，提高科技成果轉(zhuǎn)化和產(chǎn)業(yè)化水平。推動(dòng)基礎(chǔ) 研究和前沿技術(shù)研究，提高原始創(chuàng)新能力。完善科技評價(jià)和獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)制度。倡導(dǎo)學(xué)術(shù)誠信，鼓勵(lì)獨(dú)立思考，保障學(xué)術(shù)自由，弘揚(yáng)科學(xué)精神。堅(jiān)定不移地實(shí)施國家知識產(chǎn)權(quán) 戰(zhàn)略。

We will vigorously boost innovation in science and technology.We will strengthen the national innovation system.We will deepen reform of the management system for science and technology, spur enterprises to become the main source of technological innovation, and more closely integrate science and technology with the economy.We will support enterprises in developing R&D centers and undertaking major national and regional science and technology projects.We will guide research institutes and researchers in universities in providing services to enterprises' technological innovation centers so that enterprises, universities, and research institutes can work more closely together to increase the industrial application of scientific and technological advances.We will boost basic research and research in cutting-edge technologies, and improve our capacity to make original innovations.We will improve the evaluation and incentive system for scientific and technological advances.We will advocate academic integrity, encourage independent thinking, ensure academic freedom, and foster a scientific spirit.We will unwaveringly implement the national strategy on intellectual property rights.全面加強(qiáng)人才工作。深化人才體制改革，大力培養(yǎng)造就高水平創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)人才、青年人才和急需緊缺人才，引進(jìn)高層次人才。完善人才培養(yǎng)、任用、評價(jià)、激勵(lì)機(jī)制。努力營造人才輩出、人盡其才、才盡其用的良好社會環(huán)境。

We will comprehensively strengthen human resource work.We will deepen reform of the personnel management system;energetically train high-level innovative and entrepreneurial personnel, talented young people, and personnel who are urgently needed and in short supply;and attract talented personnel from overseas.We will improve the mechanism for training, employing, evaluating, and giving incentives to talented personnel, and create a favorable social environment for them to come to the fore in large numbers and tap their full potential.(六)切實(shí)保障和改善民生

6.Ensuring and improving the people's wellbeing 實(shí)現(xiàn)好、維護(hù)好、發(fā)展好最廣大人民的根本利益是以人為本理念的具體體現(xiàn)。要把保障和改善民生作為政府工作的重要任務(wù)。

Putting people first is about realizing, upholding, and promoting their fundamental interests.We will make ensuring and improving their wellbeing an important task in the work of the government.千方百計(jì)擴(kuò)大就業(yè)。就業(yè)是關(guān)系國家發(fā)展和人民福祉的大事。今年就業(yè)壓力仍然很大，各級政府務(wù)必堅(jiān)持就業(yè)優(yōu)先戰(zhàn)略，繼續(xù)實(shí)施更加積極的就業(yè)政策。重點(diǎn)扶持就業(yè)容量大的現(xiàn)代服務(wù)業(yè)、創(chuàng)新型科技企業(yè)和小型微型企業(yè)，創(chuàng)造更多就業(yè)崗位。鼓勵(lì)以創(chuàng)業(yè)帶動(dòng)就業(yè)。抓好高校畢業(yè)生、農(nóng)民工和城鎮(zhèn)就業(yè)困難人員就 業(yè)，加強(qiáng)退役軍人技能培訓(xùn)與就業(yè)安置工作。We will make every effort to increase employment.Employment is of great importance to China's development and the people's wellbeing.We will continue to face great employment pressure this year, and governments at all levels must continue to follow the strategy of giving top priority to employment and more actively implement employment policies.We will give high priority to supporting service industries, innovative high-tech enterprises, and small and micro businesses that employ large numbers of people so as to create more jobs.We will encourage the creation of new businesses to stimulate employment.We will help college graduates, rural migrant workers and urban residents having difficulty finding jobs find employment, and strengthen technical training for ex-soldiers and help them find jobs and settle down.鼓勵(lì)高校畢業(yè)生投身農(nóng)村、基層、中西部地區(qū)建設(shè)。加強(qiáng)職業(yè)培訓(xùn)和公共就業(yè)服務(wù)工作。加快建立健全統(tǒng)一規(guī)范靈活的人力資源市場。積極構(gòu)建和諧勞動(dòng)關(guān)系，加強(qiáng)對勞務(wù)派遣的規(guī)范管理，開展勞動(dòng)關(guān)系爭議排查，加強(qiáng)勞動(dòng)監(jiān)察和調(diào)解仲裁，維護(hù)勞動(dòng)者合法權(quán)益。

We will encourage college graduates to pursue careers in rural areas, local communities and the central and western regions.We will strengthen vocational training and public employment services.We will accelerate development of a sound, unified, standardized, and flexible human resources market.We will promote harmonious labor relations, increase supervision of labor dispatch, settle labor relations disputes, and intensify supervision, mediation, and arbitration of labor disputes to protect the legitimate rights and interests of employees.加快完善社會保障體系。今年年底前實(shí)現(xiàn)新型農(nóng)村社會養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)和城鎮(zhèn)居民社會養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度全覆蓋。擴(kuò)大各項(xiàng)社會保險(xiǎn)覆蓋面。增加企業(yè)退休人員基本 養(yǎng)老金。加強(qiáng)城鄉(xiāng)低保和社會救助工作，加快發(fā)展社會福利事業(yè)和慈善事業(yè)。加強(qiáng)各項(xiàng)社會保障制度銜接。多渠道增加社會保障基金，加強(qiáng)社會保險(xiǎn)基金、社會保障 基金投資監(jiān)管，實(shí)現(xiàn)保值增值。加強(qiáng)社保服務(wù)能力建設(shè)，有條件的地方可對各類社保經(jīng)辦機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行整合歸并，有些服務(wù)可委托銀行、商業(yè)保險(xiǎn)機(jī)構(gòu)代辦。加快全國統(tǒng) 一的社會保障卡發(fā)放。

We will accelerate improvements to the social security system.By the end of the year, we will have achieved full coverage of the new old-age pension system for rural residents and the old-age pension system for non-working urban residents.We will expand coverage of all types of social insurance.We will raise the basic pension for enterprise retirees.We will increase urban and rural subsistence allowances and social aid, and accelerate development of social welfare programs and charities.We will better coordinate all aspects of the social safety net.We will increase the social security fund through a variety of channels, and strengthen oversight and supervision of investment from the social insurance fund and social security fund to increase their value.We will strengthen capacity building for social security services, allow localities where conditions permit to integrate and merge social security agencies, and entrust some services to banks or commercial insurance institutions.We will accelerate the work of introducing all-in-one national social security cards.大力推進(jìn)醫(yī)藥衛(wèi)生事業(yè)改革發(fā)展。加快健全全民醫(yī)保體系，鞏固擴(kuò)大基本醫(yī)保覆蓋面，提高基本醫(yī)療保障水平和管理服務(wù)水平。城鎮(zhèn)居民醫(yī)保和新農(nóng)合補(bǔ) 助標(biāo)準(zhǔn)提高到每人每年240元。全面推開尿毒癥等8類大病保障，將肺癌等12類大病納入保障和救助試點(diǎn)范圍。鞏固完善基本藥物制度，加強(qiáng)基層醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生服務(wù) 體系建設(shè)。

We will vigorously promote the development and reform of medical and healthcare services.We will move faster to improve the medical insurance system covering the whole population, consolidate and expand the coverage of basic medical insurance, and enhance our capability to provide and manage basic medical services.We will raise subsidies for medical insurance for non-working urban residents and the new type of rural cooperative medical care system to 240 yuan per person per year.We will fully introduce social insurance against uraemia and seven other major diseases and include lung cancer and 11 other major diseases in the pilot program to provide insurance and aid for their treatment.We will consolidate and improve the system for basic drugs and improve the community-level medical and health care system.推進(jìn)公立醫(yī)院改革，實(shí)行醫(yī)藥分開、管辦分開，破除以藥補(bǔ)醫(yī)機(jī)制。鼓勵(lì)引導(dǎo)社會資本辦醫(yī)，加快形成對外開放的多元辦醫(yī)格局。充分調(diào)動(dòng)醫(yī)務(wù)工作者積 極性，建立和諧的醫(yī)患關(guān)系。加強(qiáng)公共衛(wèi)生服務(wù)，預(yù)防控制嚴(yán)重威脅群眾健康的重大傳染病、慢性病、職業(yè)病。加強(qiáng)藥品安全工作。扶持和促進(jìn)中醫(yī)藥和民族醫(yī)藥事 業(yè)發(fā)展。

We will push forward reform of public hospitals, so that medical care is separated from pharmacy operations, government management is separated from hospital operations, and the practice of using pharmacy profits to subsidize medical services is ended.We will encourage and guide nongovernmental investment in hospitals, and speed up the creation of a system of hospitals with diversified ownership that is open to foreign participation.We will boost the morale of medical workers and build harmonious relations between doctors and patients.We will improve public health services and prevent and control major communicable, chronic and occupational diseases that pose a major health hazard.We will tighten control over drug safety.We will support and promote the development of traditional Chinese medicine and the medical practices of ethnic minorities.全面做好人口和計(jì)劃生育工作。繼續(xù)穩(wěn)定低生育水平，綜合治理出生人口性別比偏高問題，提高出生人口質(zhì)量。加快實(shí)現(xiàn)計(jì)劃生育優(yōu)質(zhì)服務(wù)全覆蓋，將免費(fèi)孕 前優(yōu)生健康檢查試點(diǎn)范圍擴(kuò)大到60%的縣(市、區(qū))。提高農(nóng)村部分計(jì)劃生育家庭獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)扶助、特殊扶助標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。加強(qiáng)流動(dòng)人口計(jì)劃生育服務(wù)管理。

We will comprehensively carry out work relating to population and family planning.We will continue to keep the birthrate low, redress gender imbalance through various means, and improve the health of infants.We will achieve full coverage of quality family planning services more quickly than planned and extend the trial program of free pre-pregnancy checkups to 60% of China's counties and county-level cities and districts.We will increase the rewards and special assistance to the rural families that observe the state's family planning policy.We will increase family planning services to the floating population and improve management of such services.做好婦女兒童工作，擴(kuò)大農(nóng)村婦女宮頸癌、乳腺癌免費(fèi)檢查覆蓋面，提高婦女兒童發(fā)展和權(quán)益保障水平。進(jìn)一步完善殘疾人社會保障體系和服務(wù)體系。積極發(fā)展老齡事業(yè)，加快建設(shè)社會養(yǎng)老服務(wù)體系，努力讓城鄉(xiāng)老年人都老有所養(yǎng)，幸福安度晚年。We will do our work related to women and children well.We will extend free cervical cancer and breast cancer screening to more rural women, improve the wellbeing of women and children and better guarantee their rights and interests.We will further improve the social security system and the system of services for people with disabilities.We will actively develop programs for the elderly and accelerate development of a system of social services for urban and rural seniors so they can live their later years in contentment.繼續(xù)搞好房地產(chǎn)市場調(diào)控和保障性安居工程建設(shè)。嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行并逐步完善抑制投機(jī)、投資性需求的政策措施，進(jìn)一步鞏固調(diào)控成果，促進(jìn)房價(jià)合理回歸。繼 續(xù)推進(jìn)保障性安居工程建設(shè)，在確保質(zhì)量的前提下，基本建成500萬套，新開工700萬套以上。抓緊完善保障性住房建設(shè)、分配、管理、退出等制度。采取有效 措施，增加普通商品住房供給。加快建設(shè)城鎮(zhèn)住房信息系統(tǒng)，改革房地產(chǎn)稅收制度，促進(jìn)房地產(chǎn)市場長期平穩(wěn)健康發(fā)展。

We will continue to regulate the real estate market and develop low-income housing.We will strictly implement and gradually improve policies and measures for discouraging speculative or investment-driven housing demand, build on progress made in regulating the real estate market, and bring property prices down to a reasonable level.We will continue to develop low-income housing, and basically complete five million units and start construction on over seven million units, ensuring they are built to a high standard.We will work speedily to improve the system for constructing, allocating, managing, and recalling low-income housing units.We will take effective measures to increase supply of regular commodity housing.We will accelerate development of an urban housing information system and reform the real estate tax system to promote long-term, steady, and sound growth of the real estate market.加強(qiáng)和創(chuàng)新社會管理。加強(qiáng)社會矛盾化解、社會管理創(chuàng)新、公正廉潔執(zhí)法。強(qiáng)化政府社會管理和公共服務(wù)職能。提高城鄉(xiāng)基層群眾性自治組織的自治能力。積極穩(wěn)妥推進(jìn)戶籍管理制度改革，推動(dòng)實(shí)行居住證制度，為流動(dòng)人口提供更好服務(wù)。以信息共享、互聯(lián)互通為重點(diǎn)，加快建設(shè)國家電子政務(wù)網(wǎng)。大力推進(jìn)政務(wù)誠信、商務(wù)誠信、社會誠信建設(shè)，構(gòu)建覆蓋全社會的誠信系統(tǒng)。

We will strengthen and make innovations in social administration.We will work hard to resolve social conflicts, make innovations in social administration, and enforce the law impartially and with integrity.We will strengthen government functions for conducting social administration and providing public services.We will strengthen the self-governing capabilities of rural and urban community self-governing organizations.We will get social organizations to play an active role in social administration.We will actively yet prudently carry forward the reform of the household registration system, implement the residence permit system, and provide better services to the floating population.We will accelerate the development of a national e-government network, with the focus on sharing information and achieving national interconnectivity.We will vigorously give impetus to government, business, and public integrity, and create a credit information system for the whole society.加強(qiáng)和改進(jìn)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)管理，營造健康的網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境。健全重大決策社會穩(wěn)定風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評估機(jī)制和突發(fā)事件應(yīng)急管理機(jī)制。實(shí)施安全發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略，加強(qiáng)安全生產(chǎn)監(jiān)管，防止重特大事故發(fā)生。深入開展打擊侵犯知識產(chǎn)權(quán)和制售假冒偽劣商品行動(dòng)。增強(qiáng)食品安全監(jiān)管能力，提高食品安全水平。加強(qiáng)和改進(jìn)信訪工作。加強(qiáng)法律服務(wù)和法 律援助。嚴(yán)密防范和依法打擊違法犯罪活動(dòng)，保障人民群眾生命財(cái)產(chǎn)安全。

We will strengthen and improve management of the Internet and foster a healthy cyberspace environment.We will improve the mechanism for assessing risks major policy decisions may pose for social stability and the mechanism for managing responses to emergencies.We will implement the strategy of ensuring safety in development, tighten oversight over workplace safety, and prevent the occurrence of serious and major accidents.We will carry out an intense crackdown on violations of intellectual property rights and the manufacture and sale of counterfeit or substandard goods.We will enhance our food safety oversight capability and raise the level of food safety.We will strengthen and improve the handling of public complaints made through letters and visits and improve the mechanism whereby the masses express appeals concerning matters affecting their interests.We will strengthen legal services and assistance.We will be on high alert for and crack down on crime in accordance with the law to protect people's lives and property.(七)促進(jìn)文化大發(fā)展大繁榮

7.Promoting the great development and flourishing of culture 文化是人類的精神家園，優(yōu)秀文化傳承是一個(gè)民族生生不息的血脈。要提供優(yōu)質(zhì)豐富的文化產(chǎn)品，不斷滿足人民群眾的精神文化需求。深入推進(jìn)社會主義 核心價(jià)值體系建設(shè)。加強(qiáng)社會公德、職業(yè)道德、家庭美德和個(gè)人品德教育，做好青少年思想道德教育工作，努力形成知榮辱、講正氣、守誠信、作奉獻(xiàn)、促和諧的良 好風(fēng)尚。大力發(fā)展公益性文化事業(yè)。以農(nóng)村和中西部地區(qū)為重點(diǎn)，加強(qiáng)基層文化設(shè)施建設(shè)。Culture gives human beings a sense of belonging, and passing on fine culture is essential in maintaining the everlasting vitality of a nation.We will provide a large quantity of high-quality cultural products to meet people's demand for culture.We will intensively promote development of the system of core socialist values.We will strengthen education with regard to social codes of conduct, professional ethics, family virtues, and individual integrity.We will educate children and young people about values and strive to create a social atmosphere that promotes morality, integrity, dedication, and harmony.We will vigorously promote nonprofit cultural services and strengthen cultural infrastructure in communities, particularly in rural areas and the central and western regions.推動(dòng)哲學(xué)社會科學(xué)繁榮發(fā)展，積極發(fā)展新聞出版、廣播影視、文學(xué)藝術(shù)和檔案事業(yè)。加強(qiáng)文化遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)，繁榮發(fā)展少數(shù)民族文化事業(yè)。深化文化體制改 革，繼續(xù)推動(dòng)經(jīng)營性文化單位轉(zhuǎn)企改制。提高文化產(chǎn)業(yè)規(guī)模化、集約化、專業(yè)化水平，推動(dòng)文化產(chǎn)業(yè)成為國民經(jīng)濟(jì)支柱性產(chǎn)業(yè)。深入開展對外人文交流，促進(jìn)中外文 化相互借鑒。廣泛開展全民健身活動(dòng)，增強(qiáng)人民體質(zhì)，促進(jìn)體育事業(yè)和體育產(chǎn)業(yè)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展。中華文化具有強(qiáng)大的向心力和震撼力，當(dāng)代中華兒女一定要肩負(fù)起弘揚(yáng)中 華文化的歷史重任。

We will promote the flourishing of philosophy and the social sciences, and actively develop the press, publishing, radio, film, television, literature, art, and archives.We will better protect our cultural heritage and foster the flourishing of ethnic minority cultures.We will deepen reform of the cultural system and continue to transform for-profit cultural institutions into enterprises.We will make the cultural industry larger, more intensive, and more specialized;and turn it into a pillar of the economy.We will intensify cultural and people-to-people exchanges with other countries so that we learn from each other's strengths.We will extensively carry out public fitness activities to make the people healthier, and promote the balanced development of sports activities and the sports industry.Chinese culture is highly cohesive and inspiring, and we Chinese today must shoulder the historic duty of advancing it.(八)深入推進(jìn)重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域改革

8.Deepening reforms in key areas 改革開放是決定中國前途命運(yùn)的正確抉擇。必須按照科學(xué)發(fā)展觀要求，尊重群眾首創(chuàng)精神，大膽探索，以更大決心和勇氣繼續(xù)全面推進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制、政治體制等各項(xiàng)改革，破解發(fā)展難題。Reform and opening up are the right choice we made for China's destiny and future.We must respect the people's creativity;boldly explore new ways;continue to promote all reforms, including the reform of China's economic and political systems, with greater resolve and courage;and solve complex issues in development in line with the requirements of the Scientific Outlook on Development.當(dāng)前和今后一段時(shí)期，改革的重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域和關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)是：

Now and for some time to come, reform will be focused on the following key areas and crucial links.進(jìn)一步轉(zhuǎn)變政府職能，完善宏觀調(diào)控體系，理順政府與市場的關(guān)系，更好地發(fā)揮市場配置資源的基礎(chǔ)性作用；推進(jìn)財(cái)稅體制改革，理順中央與地方及地方 各級政府間財(cái)政分配關(guān)系，更好地調(diào)動(dòng)中央和地方兩個(gè)積極性；深化土地、戶籍、公共服務(wù)改革，理順城市與農(nóng)村的關(guān)系，推動(dòng)工業(yè)化、城鎮(zhèn)化和農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化協(xié)調(diào)發(fā) 展；推進(jìn)社會事業(yè)、收入分配等改革，理順經(jīng)濟(jì)與社會發(fā)展的關(guān)系，有效保障社會公平正義；推進(jìn)依法行政和社會管理創(chuàng)新，理順政府與公民和社會組織的關(guān)系，建 設(shè)服務(wù)、責(zé)任、法治、廉潔政府。

We will further transform government functions, improve macro-controls, balance the relationship between government and the market, and make better use of the basic role of the market in allocating resources.We will advance reform of the fiscal and taxation systems, better balance the distribution of fiscal resources between the central and local governments and between all levels of local governments, and better arouse the initiative of both the central and local governments.We will deepen reforms of land, household registration and public services;balance the relationship between urban and rural areas;and promote coordinated development of industrialization, urbanization and agricultural modernization.We will carry forward reforms in social programs and income distribution, strike a balance between economic and social development, and effectively safeguard social fairness and justice.We will run the government in accordance with the law and promote innovation in social administration, properly handle the relationship among the government, citizens and social organizations, and build a service-oriented, responsible, law-based and clean government.今年改革的重點(diǎn)任務(wù)是：深化財(cái)稅金融體制改革。完善分稅制，健全轉(zhuǎn)移支付制度，提高一般性轉(zhuǎn)移支付規(guī)模和比例。完善縣級基本財(cái)力保障機(jī)制。穩(wěn)步 推進(jìn)地方財(cái)政預(yù)算、決算公開。深化國庫集中收付、政府采購及國債管理制度改革。健全消費(fèi)稅制度。全面深化資源稅改革，擴(kuò)大從價(jià)計(jì)征范圍。深入推進(jìn)國有控股 大型金融機(jī)構(gòu)改革，規(guī)范發(fā)展小型金融機(jī)構(gòu)，健全服務(wù)小型微型企業(yè)和“三農(nóng)”的體制機(jī)制。

The major tasks for reform this year are as follows: We will deepen reform of the fiscal, taxation and financial systems.We will improve the revenue-sharing system and the system of transfer payments, and increase the scale and proportion of general transfer payments.We will improve the mechanism for ensuring basic funding for county-level governments, and make the budgets and final accounts of local governments more transparent.We will deepen reform of the systems for treasury's centralized revenue collection and expenditure payments, government procurement, and central government debt management.We will improve the excise tax system, comprehensively deepen the reform of resource taxes, and set taxes on more commodities on the basis of their prices.We will thoroughly carry out reform of large financial institutions in which the state holds the controlling stake, ensure orderly development of small financial institutions, and improve the systems and mechanisms that serve small and micro businesses as well as agriculture, rural areas and farmers.We will implement new oversight and supervision standards for the banking industry, work toward establishing a deposit insurance system, and deepen the reform of policy-based financial institutions.We will improve both initial public offerings and delistings, and ensure better protection of returns on investors' money and their rights and interests.We will actively develop the bond market, accelerate reform and development of the insurance industry, and make interest rates more market based.We will work steadily to make the RMB convertible under capital accounts and expand the use of RMB in cross-border trade and investment.推動(dòng)多種所有制經(jīng)濟(jì)共同發(fā)展。毫不動(dòng)搖地鞏固和發(fā)展公有制經(jīng)濟(jì)，毫不動(dòng)搖地鼓勵(lì)、支持、引導(dǎo)非公有制經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。深入推進(jìn)國有經(jīng)濟(jì)戰(zhàn)略性調(diào)整，完 善國有資本有進(jìn)有退、合理流動(dòng)機(jī)制。研究推進(jìn)鐵路、電力等行業(yè)改革。完善和落實(shí)促進(jìn)非公有制經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的各項(xiàng)政策措施，打破壟斷，放寬準(zhǔn)入，鼓勵(lì)民間資本進(jìn) 入鐵路、市政、金融、能源、電信、教育、醫(yī)療等領(lǐng)域，營造各類所有制經(jīng)濟(jì)公平競爭、共同發(fā)展的環(huán)境。

We will promote the common development of economic entities under diverse forms of ownership.We will unwaveringly consolidate and develop the public sector and encourage, support and guide the development of the non-public sector.We will thoroughly carry out strategic adjustment of the state sector, and improve the mechanism for increasing investment of state capital in some sectors while reducing it in others to ensure its sound flow.We will promote reform of the railway and power industries.We will improve and implement policies and measures for developing the non-public sector;break up monopolies and relax restrictions on market access;encourage nongovernmental investment in railways, public utilities, finance, energy, telecommunications, education, and medical care;and create a fair environment in which economic entities under all forms of ownership can compete and develop together.深化價(jià)格改革。穩(wěn)妥推進(jìn)電價(jià)改革，實(shí)施居民階梯電價(jià)改革方案，完善水電、核電及可再生能源定價(jià)機(jī)制。逐步理順煤電價(jià)格關(guān)系。完善成品油價(jià)格改 革，推進(jìn)天然氣價(jià)格改革。實(shí)行最嚴(yán)格的水資源管理制度，合理制定和調(diào)整各地水資源費(fèi)征收標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，推進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)水價(jià)綜合改革。開展碳排放和排污權(quán)交易試點(diǎn)。加快建 立完善生態(tài)補(bǔ)償機(jī)制。

We will deepen price reforms.We will prudently carry out reform of electricity prices by implementing progressive pricing for household electricity consumption and improving pricing mechanisms for nuclear power, hydropower, and power generated from other renewable energy sources.We will make the price of electricity better reflect the price of coal.We will reform the prices of refined oil products and proceed with the price reform of natural gas.We will impose the strictest control over water resources, rationally set and adjust water resource fees in different localities, and carry out integrated price reform of water used for agricultural purposes.We will start trials of trading carbon emissions and the cap-and-trade scheme for pollution rights.深化收入分配制度改革。抓緊制定收入分配體制改革總體方案。努力提高居民收入在國民收入分配中的比重，提高勞動(dòng)報(bào)酬在初次分配中的比重。完善工 資制度，建立工資正常增長機(jī)制，穩(wěn)步提高最低工資標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。創(chuàng)造條件增加居民財(cái)產(chǎn)性收入。建立公共資源出讓收益的全民共享機(jī)制。加大對高收入者的稅收調(diào)節(jié)力 度，嚴(yán)格規(guī)范國有企業(yè)、金融機(jī)構(gòu)高管人員薪酬管理，擴(kuò)大中等收入者比重，提高低收入者的收入，促進(jìn)機(jī)會公平。規(guī)范收入分配秩序，有效保護(hù)合法收入，堅(jiān)決取 締非法收入，盡快扭轉(zhuǎn)收入差距擴(kuò)大的趨勢。

We will deepen reform of the income distribution system.We will promptly formulate a master plan for reforming the income distribution system, strive to raise the proportion of individual income in national income, and raise the proportion of remuneration in the primary distribution.We will improve the salary system, put in place a mechanism for regular salary increases, and steadily raise the minimum wage.We will create conditions to increase people's income from property.We will establish a mechanism whereby the public share the proceeds from the sale of public resources.We will take further steps to adjust taxes for high-income groups, strictly standardize supervision of pay and bonuses for senior management in state-owned enterprises and financial institutions, expand the proportion of middle-income groups, raise the incomes of low-income groups, and promote equal opportunity.We will ensure that income distribution is governed by proper standards, effectively protect lawful income, and resolutely ban illegal income.We will quickly reverse the trend of a widening income gap.積極穩(wěn)妥推進(jìn)事業(yè)單位分類改革。科學(xué)劃分事業(yè)單位類別，分類指導(dǎo)、分業(yè)推進(jìn)、分級組織、分步實(shí)施，深化事業(yè)單位管理體制和人事、收入分配、社會保障制度改革。

We will actively yet prudently carry out reform of public institutions based on their classification.We will classify public institutions scientifically, provide targeted guidance to each class, and phase in reforms sector by sector, level by level, and step by step to deepen reform of the systems of management, personnel, income distribution, and social security for public institutions.加快推進(jìn)政府改革。擴(kuò)大社會主義民主，依法實(shí)行民主選舉、民主決策、民主管理、民主監(jiān)督，保障人民的知情權(quán)、參與權(quán)、表達(dá)權(quán)和監(jiān)督權(quán)。全面貫徹 依法治國基本方略，尊重和維護(hù)憲法和法律的權(quán)威，嚴(yán)格依法行政，堅(jiān)決糾正有法不依、執(zhí)法不嚴(yán)、違法不究、粗暴執(zhí)法、瀆職失職和執(zhí)法腐敗等行為。

We will accelerate government reform.We will expand socialist democracy;conduct democratic election, decision making, administration and oversight in accordance with the law;and protect people's rights to stay informed about, participate in, express views on, and oversee government affairs.We will implement the basic strategy of enforcing the law in both letter and spirit, respect and uphold the sanctity of the Constitution and laws, and govern in strict accordance with the law.We will resolutely rectify the problems of laws not being abided by or fully enforced, lawbreakers not being prosecuted, uncivilized law enforcement, dereliction and neglect of duty, and corrupt practices in law enforcement.加強(qiáng)廉政建設(shè)，深入開展反腐敗斗爭，扎實(shí)推進(jìn)懲治和預(yù)防腐敗體系建設(shè)的各項(xiàng)長期性、基礎(chǔ)性工作，著力解決人民群眾反映強(qiáng)烈的突出問題。嚴(yán)格依法 設(shè)定、實(shí)施、清理、規(guī)范行政審批事項(xiàng)。嚴(yán)禁領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部插手政府采購、工程招標(biāo)、土地礦業(yè)權(quán)拍賣等經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)。嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部廉潔從政各項(xiàng)規(guī)定。加強(qiáng)行政監(jiān) 督、民主監(jiān)督、輿論監(jiān)督。堅(jiān)決查處各類違紀(jì)違法案件，嚴(yán)厲懲治腐敗分子。

We will work harder to build clean government.To do so, we will fight corruption, effectively carry out the long-term and basic work needed to improve the system of preventing and punishing corruption, and give high priority to solving serious problems that the people are resentful about.We will identify, handle, review and standardize matters subject to administrative approval in strict accordance with the law.Leading officials are strictly forbidden to interfere in economic activities such as government procurement, project tendering and the auctioning of land-use and mining rights.We will strictly implement all regulations which require leading officials to uphold integrity in the performance of their official duties.We will strengthen administrative and democratic oversight and oversight through public opinion, resolutely investigate and prosecute violations of the law or discipline, and severely punish corruptionists.(九)努力提高對外開放的質(zhì)量和水平

9.Striving to improve the opening up policy 我國對外開放已進(jìn)入新的階段，進(jìn)出口貿(mào)易、雙向投資的地位和作用發(fā)生了深刻變化。必須適應(yīng)新的形勢，創(chuàng)新對外經(jīng)濟(jì)工作思路，轉(zhuǎn)變對外經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式，提升開放型經(jīng)濟(jì)水平，形成開放型經(jīng)濟(jì)新格局。

China has entered a new stage of opening up in which the position and role of imports and exports as well as two-way investment have profoundly changed.We must adapt to changing circumstances, adopt new ways of thinking about our external economic work, change the mode of China's external economic growth, open China's economy wider and bring about a new phase in China's open economy.保持對外貿(mào)易穩(wěn)定發(fā)展。我們強(qiáng)調(diào)擴(kuò)大內(nèi)需，但決不能忽視外需對我國經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的重要作用。要保持外貿(mào)政策基本穩(wěn)定。穩(wěn)定出口退稅政策，擴(kuò)大貿(mào)易融 資和信用保險(xiǎn)，改進(jìn)海關(guān)、質(zhì)檢、外匯等方面的監(jiān)管和服務(wù)，幫助企業(yè)克服訂單不足、成本升高、摩擦增多等多重困難和壓力。要加快轉(zhuǎn)變外貿(mào)發(fā)展方式。深入實(shí)施 科技興貿(mào)、以質(zhì)取勝和市場多元化戰(zhàn)略，支持企業(yè)培育自主品牌、營銷網(wǎng)絡(luò)和研發(fā)中心，引導(dǎo)加工貿(mào)易向產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈高端延伸、向中西部轉(zhuǎn)移。鞏固美日歐傳統(tǒng)市場，開拓新興市場。

We will maintain steady growth in foreign trade.While expanding domestic demand is crucial, we can never overlook the importance of external demand in China's economic development.We will maintain general continuity in China's foreign trade policy.We will continue to implement the export tax rebate policy;increase trade financing and credit insurance;ensure that customs, quality inspectors, and foreign exchange authorities improve their supervision and services;and help enterprises overcome difficulties and pressures resulting from falling orders, rising costs, and increasing trade friction.We will speed up transformation of the way we develop foreign trade.We will fully implement the strategy of boosting trade through upgrading technologies, improving quality, and diversifying markets.We will support enterprises in building their own brands, marketing networks, and R&D centers, and guide our processing trade to move up the industrial chain and shift to the central and western regions.We will consolidate traditional markets in the United States, Japan, and Europe and open up emerging markets.穩(wěn)定勞動(dòng)密集型產(chǎn)品出口，擴(kuò)大高技術(shù)、高附加值產(chǎn)品出口，控制高耗能、高污染產(chǎn)品出口。大力發(fā)展服務(wù)貿(mào)易，承接服務(wù)外包。制定加強(qiáng)進(jìn)口、促進(jìn)貿(mào)易平衡的指導(dǎo)意見，完善進(jìn)口政策，搭建更多的進(jìn)口促進(jìn)平臺，推動(dòng)進(jìn)出口平衡發(fā)展。

We will keep labor-intensive exports stable, expand the export of high-tech and high-value-added products, and limit the export of goods whose production is energy intensive and highly polluting.We will work hard to promote trade in services and undertake more services outsourced by other countries.We will adopt guidelines to increase imports and promote trade balance, improve import policies, build more platforms to promote imports, and work for balanced growth of exports and imports.提高利用外資質(zhì)量。堅(jiān)持積極有效利用外資的方針，更加注重優(yōu)化結(jié)構(gòu)和提高質(zhì)量。實(shí)施新修訂的外商投資產(chǎn)業(yè)指導(dǎo)目錄，引導(dǎo)外資更多投向先進(jìn)制造業(yè)、高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)、節(jié)能環(huán)保產(chǎn)業(yè)、現(xiàn)代服務(wù)業(yè)和中西部地區(qū)。

We will improve the use of foreign capital.We will adhere to the policy of actively and effectively utilizing foreign capital and give greater importance to optimizing its structure and raising its quality.We will implement the newly revised Proposed List of Industries for Foreign Investment, and encourage more foreign investment in advanced manufacturing, new and high technologies, energy conservation, environmental protection, new service industries, and the central and western regions.實(shí)施“走出去”戰(zhàn)略。我國正處于對外投資加快發(fā)展的重要階段，要加強(qiáng)宏觀指導(dǎo)，強(qiáng)化政策支持，簡化審批手續(xù)，健全服務(wù)保障。引導(dǎo)各類所有制企業(yè) 有序開展境外能源、原材料、農(nóng)業(yè)、制造業(yè)、服務(wù)業(yè)、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施等領(lǐng)域投資合作和跨國并購。創(chuàng)新境外經(jīng)貿(mào)合作區(qū)發(fā)展模式，支持“走出去”的企業(yè)相互協(xié)同、集群 發(fā)展。放寬居民境外投資限制。加強(qiáng)對外投資風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理，維護(hù)我境外企業(yè)人員和資產(chǎn)安全。

We will implement the “go global” strategy.With China's outward investment in an important stage of accelerated development, we will enhance macro-guidance, increase policy support, streamline approval procedures, and improve services for Chinese investors.We will guide Chinese enterprises under various forms of ownership in making overseas investments, mergers and acquisitions in energy, raw materials, agriculture, manufacturing, service industries, and infrastructure in an orderly manner.We will explore new models for overseas economic and trade cooperation zones, and support companies making overseas investments in coordinating their growth and forming clusters.We will standardize development of cooperative overseas labor services.Restrictions on individuals investing overseas will be relaxed.We will strengthen risk management of overseas investments and protect the safety of employees and assets of Chinese enterprises operating overseas.參與全球經(jīng)濟(jì)治理和區(qū)域合作。努力保持與發(fā)達(dá)國家經(jīng)貿(mào)關(guān)系穩(wěn)定發(fā)展，全面深化與發(fā)展中國家的互利合作。繼續(xù)推進(jìn)自貿(mào)區(qū)建設(shè)和區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化進(jìn) 程。積極參與二十國集團(tuán)等全球經(jīng)濟(jì)治理機(jī)制建設(shè)，加強(qiáng)與主要經(jīng)濟(jì)體宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)政策協(xié)調(diào)，反對各種形式的保護(hù)主義，繼續(xù)在多哈回合談判、國際金融體系改革中發(fā) 揮建設(shè)性作用。

We will participate in global economic governance and regional cooperation.We will strive to maintain steady growth of China's economic and trade relations with developed countries and comprehensively deepen mutually beneficial cooperation with developing countries.We will continue to promote development of free trade zones and regional economic integration.We will actively participate in building mechanisms for global economic governance such as the G20, strengthen coordination with major economies on macroeconomic policy, oppose protectionism in all its forms, and continue to play a constructive role in the Doha Round of trade talks and the reform of the international financial system.各位代表！我國是統(tǒng)一的多民族國家，各民族共同團(tuán)結(jié)奮斗、共同繁榮發(fā)展，國家才能興旺發(fā)達(dá)。要堅(jiān)持和完善民族區(qū)域自治制度，認(rèn)真貫徹落實(shí)中央支 持少數(shù)民族和民族地區(qū)發(fā)展的政策措施，大力實(shí)施扶持人口較少民族發(fā)展、推進(jìn)興邊富民行動(dòng)和發(fā)展少數(shù)民族事業(yè)規(guī)劃。堅(jiān)定不移地鞏固和發(fā)展平等團(tuán)結(jié)互助和諧的 社會主義民族關(guān)系。

Fellow deputies, China is a unified, multiethnic country.Only when its ethnic groups are united as one and work for the development of all can China achieve prosperity.We will adhere to and improve the system of regional ethnic autonomy, fully implement the central leadership's policies and measures for supporting the development of ethnic minorities and ethnic minority areas, and energetically implement plans to support development of ethnic groups with small populations, projects to bring prosperity to border areas and residents there, and services for ethnic minorities.We will unwaveringly consolidate and develop socialist ethnic relations of equality, solidarity, mutual assistance, and harmony.認(rèn)真貫徹黨的宗教工作基本方針。維護(hù)宗教團(tuán)體、宗教界人士和信教群眾的合法權(quán)益，充分發(fā)揮他們在促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、文化繁榮、社會和諧中的積極作用。全面貫徹黨的僑務(wù)政策。維護(hù)海外僑胞和歸僑僑眷合法權(quán)益，支持他們積極參與祖國現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)與和平統(tǒng)一大業(yè)。We will fully implement the Party's policy on overseas Chinese affairs, protect the lawful rights and interests of overseas Chinese and returned overseas Chinese and their relatives, and support them in taking an active part in the endeavor to modernize China and in advancing the great cause of China's peaceful reunification.各位代表！鞏固的國防和強(qiáng)大的軍隊(duì)，是維護(hù)國家主權(quán)、安全和發(fā)展利益的堅(jiān)強(qiáng)后盾。要著眼全面履行新世紀(jì)新階段軍隊(duì)歷史使命，全面加強(qiáng)軍隊(duì)革命化現(xiàn)代化正規(guī)化建設(shè)，不斷提高以打贏信息化條件下局部戰(zhàn)爭能力為核心的完成多樣化軍事任務(wù)的能力。加強(qiáng)思想政治建 設(shè)，堅(jiān)持黨對軍隊(duì)絕對領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的根本原則和人民軍隊(duì)的根本宗旨。積極開展信息化條件下軍事訓(xùn)練。

Fellow deputies, strong national defense and powerful armed forces provide a firm guarantee for safeguarding China's sovereignty, security, and development interests.We will make the armed forces more revolutionary, modern, and standardized in all respects so they can comprehensively accomplish their historic mission at the new stage in the new century.We will enhance the armed forces' capability to accomplish a wide range of military tasks, the most important of which is to win local wars under information-age conditions.We will strengthen their ideological and political standards, and adhere to the fundamental principle of the Party having absolute leadership over the armed forces, and we should maintain the Chinese armed forces' fundamental purpose of being an army of the people.We will vigorously carry out military training under information-age conditions.加快全面建設(shè)現(xiàn)代后勤步伐。大力提高國防科技和武器裝備自主創(chuàng)新能力。著力培養(yǎng)高素質(zhì)新型軍事人才。積極穩(wěn)妥地實(shí)施國防和軍隊(duì)改革。堅(jiān)持依法治 軍、從嚴(yán)治軍。全面建設(shè)現(xiàn)代化武裝警察力量。加強(qiáng)國防動(dòng)員和后備力量建設(shè)。堅(jiān)決完成反恐維穩(wěn)、處置突發(fā)事件、搶

第五篇：400托福詞匯中英互譯

400 Must-Have Words for the TOEFL

第一課 60個(gè)詞

Chapter 1 Nature 20-37 1 Food Crops Target Words 1.abandon 放棄

2.adversely 相反地 conversely ver 轉(zhuǎn)； versatile convertible conversely university universe universally 3.aggregate 合計(jì)

把egg 不斷re在gate里面合計(jì)總數(shù)。

你究竟有幾個(gè)好哥哥？ 4.cultivation 教化；培養(yǎng) 熟詞cultivate，cul=culture 三流的企業(yè)靠技巧 二流的企業(yè)靠管理 一流的企業(yè)靠文化

5.fertilize 施肥；使豐饒 fertilizer 肥料 6.intensify 加劇

intensive class 7.irrigation 8.obtain No pain，no gain

9.photosynthesis 光和作用 photo；synthetic 合成的 10.precipitation 降水量 Disaster Target Words 1.anticipate預(yù)期=participate 參加 2.catastrophic [?k?t?'str?fik]

adj.災(zāi)難的;悲慘的;激變的;慘敗的 3.collide 碰撞co-teach；cohabit 4.eruption 爆發(fā)

rupt 破裂 bankrupt corrupt 5.famine ['f?min] father 在 mine 里很饑餓 6.flood 洪水

7.impact 影響=influence=effect have an impact on 8.persevere 堅(jiān)持 [p?:s?'vi?]

persist=insist 男人應(yīng)該對自己狠一點(diǎn)，堅(jiān)持到底 9.plunge [pl?nd?] 和plus 哥，一起跳河

10.unleash ['?n'li:?;?n'li:?] 解開

lease 合同約束 rent Evolution and Migration Target Words 1.adapt 改編；適應(yīng) adjust adopt 收養(yǎng) 嘴巴吃飯的人 2.diverse 多種多樣的 diversity=melting pot 3.evolve 進(jìn)化 viv 活的 vivid 4.feature

以….為特色；以….為主演； 蘭州吃的很有特色

This week's broadcast features a report on victims of domestic violence.5.generation 6.inherent adj

固有的；內(nèi)在的；與生俱來的 inner peace 7.migration immigrate（immigration intention）emigrate 8.physical Physical Education physically and mentally 9.process；progress 10.survive Petroleum Alternatives Target Words 1.constraint 強(qiáng)制

train 訓(xùn)練都是強(qiáng)制的 2.contamination mine污染大 3.deplete 耗盡

decrease;descend

complete 4.dispose of 處置 miss； dismiss

5.elemental 基本的 elementary school 6.emission 排放量 7.extinction

extinct 滅絕的

8.reservoir 水池 reserve；well-reserved 9.shrink 收shou縮 10.stable

Chapter 2 Science Time Efficiency Target Words 1.adjust 調(diào)整一下使其正好 2.arbitrary 任意的;武斷的

Art 藝術(shù)在try 的時(shí)候都比較任意恣意

3.denominator 分母

de 下面的(numerator 分子)4.exponentially 成倍地 5.infinitesimal 特小的 6.maximize 7.parallel；paraphrase 8.proportion 9.rate；interest rates；exchange rate 10.sequence 序列

consequence

Ancient Life Target Words 1.accuracy；cure；accurate 2.adjacent 和錢很接近3.compress

4.feasibly 可行的

5.gut 勇氣，劇情plot 6.integral 7.overlap 重疊 laptop 8.retain 保持

9.seep 漏，滲出；看，有紕漏 10.structure；construction 第二課 400托福詞匯之二

Computers Target Words 1.circulate;circulation 流通

2.corrode 腐蝕 erode 熟詞 corrupt 3.derive 4.detection;detective tect=pect=spect=look spector；repect 5.expeditiously 敏捷地

ex(向外)+ped(足，腳掌，走)

pedal 踏板

6.implement 實(shí)施 compliment 表揚(yáng)

complement 補(bǔ)充

7.innovative；lenovo；legend 8.installation 9.maintenance 10.simulation 仿真 same

stimulation

Energy Target Words 1.combustion 燃燒 2.component 元件 3.convey

4.discretely 分別創(chuàng)造（分離地）5.nucleus 原子核

nuclear 原子核的 6.permeate 7.rotate 旋轉(zhuǎn)

rotation（NBA）8.solar

lunar 9.source 10.trigger 觸發(fā)

Memory Target Words 1.acquisition

acquire 2.anomaly 反常

abnormal=perverted 3.consciously=unknowingly

subconsciousness

4.degrade（inferior）5.gap

6.indisputable

dispute 爭論 7.intervene 8.intuitively ；tuition 直覺地 9.recede 10.retrieve

Spirituality Target Words 1.agnostic 不可知論的 ignorance

notorious 2.animism 靈氣論

animation 卡通 cartoon 3.atheist 只崇拜he自己的人，無神論者 4.be inclined to ；be subjected to 5.contemplate 6.deify

敬如神，像見到自己的dad 7.ecclesiastical 拉薩有教會的 8.exalt 到外面贊揚(yáng) 9.pious=religious 10.sacrifice

Illness Target Words 1.aggravate 惡化

grave 2.decrepit 衰退 3.disease 4.fatally

5.forensics 對人的一種科學(xué)（辯論學(xué)）6.persist

7.prognosis 診斷 8.terminal；terminate 9.vein 靜脈

veil 面紗

prevail

10.wound；hurt；injury

第三課 托福必考400詞匯之三 Surgery Target Words 1.anesthesia 麻醉劑

進(jìn)入Bird Nest 像打了麻醉劑 2.augment 增大

August, 孩子都八個(gè)月了,一定很大了 3.certifiably 可證明的

4.complication 混亂；并發(fā)癥；=chaos complicated=complex 5.cure

6.implant 種植 implement 7.inject 8.obese 遠(yuǎn)離妹妹的眼球，因?yàn)樘逝至耍ㄠ薇厮? 肥胖必死）9.procedure

process 10.scar

Ghosts Target Words 1.astrological

astro-is used to form words which refer to things relating to the stars or to outer space.2.divination 玄學(xué)(相信數(shù)字占卜未來的國家)3.haunt 4.horror

5.intermediary 媒介的；中間的 6.invoke 懇求 7.meditate 深思

mediate 調(diào)停

在table上深思調(diào)停的方法 8.phantom n.幽靈 adj.幻覺的 Tom 是個(gè)幽靈 9.psychic 靈魂的

10.self-perpetuating；eternal;eternity adj.能使自身永久存在的

Anthropology Target Words 1.assimilate 同化，吸收 2.cremation 火化，火葬 3.domesticate 教化；馴養(yǎng) 4.folklore 民間傳說 5.fossilize 使成化石 6.relic 廢墟；遺物

回收re 7.rite 儀式 right 8.ritually 儀式上的

9.saga 冒險(xiǎn)故事(巴嘎)10.vestige 遺跡(哥哥的背心)

Social Inequality Target Words 1.amend 改善

2.biased 有偏見的;distort 3.burden 使負(fù)擔(dān)

4.counter 柜臺;count on=live off

counterpart

5.de facto（法）實(shí)際上地 6.discriminate 歧視 7.notion； note 8.oppress 壓迫 9.paradigm 范例 10.prejudice 偏見

Expertise Target Words 1.curriculum（see you, see you）2.distinct 明顯的;instinct 3.erudite 博學(xué)的

學(xué)好english 讓rude 的人變的博學(xué) 4.fortify

5.implicitly 含蓄地

imply;timid； 6.parochial 教區(qū)

father 7.rigor 嚴(yán)厲

rigid 德國人嚴(yán)厲而睿智 8.roster 花名冊

roast 燒烤 9.secular 牧師

確保人內(nèi)心安全的人 10.suspend 延遲

三思再花錢

suspect

suspicion

Military Operations Target Words 1.allegiance 忠誠

ally 盟友 2.artillery

使用大炮是一種藝術(shù) 3.battle 4.cease 停止

cancel lease

5.hierarchy 等級制度

architect 6.trench 溝渠

又是人又是車

7.mobilize;motivation;self-motivated 8.rank 9.ratio

=rate 10.strategic；tactic

國家state 層面的，一定是戰(zhàn)略性的

War and Conquest Target Words 1.annex 附屬物

next；=accessory 2.apex 頂點(diǎn)

ape 猿人很高到了頂點(diǎn)<金剛> 3.collapse;laptop 4.conquest

conquer 5.devise 6.invasive

invade;evade 7.prevailing 8.resist 9.severely 10.violation 違背

400托福必考詞匯之四

History Target Words 1.chronologic

chronicle；chao；chaos 2.coincide

coincidence 3.consequence

和sese的queen在一起, 結(jié)果很嚴(yán)重 4.core 5.deny

6.diminish 減少 7.longitude 經(jīng)度 gratitude gratuity

attitude

altitude 8.milieu 環(huán)境

彌留之間依然對環(huán)境sensitive 9.reconciliation 和諧 和解, 講和

【記】源于: reconcile(v 使和解), re反復(fù), conciliate(v 安慰)

Financial Systems Target Words 1.allocate 使座落于 2.commodity 3.decline 拒絕 4.equity 公平5.inflation 6.net 7.per capita 人均 8.regulate 9.subsidy 10.tangible 有形的 River 跳探戈很有形

Wealth and Social Class Target Words 1.accumulate 2.affluence 富裕 3.elite

4.impoverish 使貧窮

poverty 5.luxury 6.nobility；note 7.prestige=reputation=fame 8.privilege 9.prosper 使繁榮

prosperous 10.working class mainstream；middle class；grassroot

Personal Property Target Words 1.acquire 2.assess；possession 3.asset 資產(chǎn) settlement 4.hazardous

horizon 開闊視野,必有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)

en

widen；shorten；strengthen；

diversity 5.jointly

jointly venture 6.lease=rent；cease；cozy 7.liability 責(zé)任 reliable 8.proprietor 業(yè)主

priority;real estate;property 9.safeguard

broaden 10.sole 單獨(dú)的

Employment Target Words 1.compensate

2.dynamic 動(dòng)態(tài)的;有活力的 dynasty 朝代必然有變動(dòng)

dramatic 3.enterprising 有事業(yè)心的 entrepreneurs 4.exploit 開采； explore； 5.incentive；annual 6.industrious =diligent勤奮的 7.marginalize 8.merit 優(yōu)點(diǎn) 我總是對的 drawback 9.promote 10.resign

retire International Trade Target Words 1.distill

滴下(病了,打點(diǎn)滴)Tears distilled slowly from her eyes.淚水從她的眼睛里慢慢地滴下來。2.entrepreneurial 3.extract 摘錄

4.haggle 爭論(夠了)5.intrepid 猛的(痞的)6.merchant

commercial 7.proportionately 相稱地 8.prototype 標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 9.reward 10.shuttle

Politics Target Words 1.advocate 2.authority

3.bitterly 苦澀的 4.candidate

5.coalition 聯(lián)合 6.contest 競爭 7.election

collection

lecture

dict=director；

fess=professor

confess 8.inaugurate

開創(chuàng) 9.policy 10.poll

民意調(diào)查

400托福必考詞匯之五

A Reasonable Doubt Target Words 1.accuse 因被 “指控” 臉變 “醋色cuse” abuse 濫用

2.allegedly [?'led?idli] 所有關(guān)于一個(gè)哥哥泡了兩個(gè)妹妹的說法都是 “據(jù)傳” A little bird told me 3.civil civil war;

civilian;civilization 4.convict

v.(與of連用;經(jīng)過法庭的裁定, 在法庭上正式)宣告有罪;譴責(zé) = condemn;【例】She was convicted of murder 她被判犯有謀殺罪.【根】vict征服(victory;)【參】convince(vt 使確信;使信服);victory(n 勝利);invincible(adj 不可征服的;無敵的)5.guilty 6.offense

defence 7.peer;beer;cheer;cheers 8.suspect 9.verdict；裁定 10.witness

witty 智者常能窺見真理

The Police Target Words 1.apprehend

reading comprehension 2.ascertain 確定;查明 3.bureaucratic [bjur?'kr?tik] 不能惹的地方 4.condemn 譴責(zé) 5.evidence 6.implicate 牽涉

imply 7.inquiry 探究

8.intrusively 侵入地(進(jìn)入我領(lǐng)地,又殺又突)9.seize 抓住 10.surveillance 帶著面紗監(jiān)視別人

Supervisor

Investigating Crimes Target Words 1.analyze 2.assail 攻擊

3.contrary 相反的 4.hypothesize

5.impair 損傷（repair）6.inference 推理 reference 7.objectively 8.suspicious 9.tolerate 10.versus

Government Corruption Target Words 1.bribery 行賄

bribe；bride；bridesmaid；groom;best man 2.cynical 憤世嫉俗的 critical 3.erode 4.evade(invade)規(guī)避

5.grotesque 奇怪的；可笑的 6.integrity 誠實(shí)；完整 dignity 7.prevalent（talent）prodigy 8.reform；confirm 9.scandal（sandals）丑聞 10.unmask 暴露

Crimes at Sea Target Words 1.abduction 誘拐 kidnap 2.coerce 強(qiáng)制 force 3.detain 扣留

4.deviant 變態(tài) abnormal;perverted 5.distort 曲解；truth 6.intentionally 7.piracy 剽竊 pirates

8.predicament 困境 卡住了 dilemma 9.smuggle 走私（死跟馬哥了）

10.villainy 惡行（為了你，惡事作盡）

400托福必考詞匯之六

The War on Drugs Target Words 1.addictive

2.cartel 卡特爾noun [C] a group of similar independent companies who join together to control prices and limit competition 3.concentrated

4.interdict 禁止;prohibit；verdict 5.juxtapose / `d??kst?,po?z / 并列,并置(juxta并排+pose→并排放)6.misconception 7.modify 修改;更正

8.potent 強(qiáng)有力的;potential；competent 9.residual [r?'z?dj??l] 殘留的；residence 10.subtle /?s?tl/ 微妙的;敏感的;精細(xì)的(殺頭需要精細(xì))

Family Relationships Target Words 1.ancestral

ancestor

2.cohesion 團(tuán)結(jié)；consolidate 3.descendant 4.inheritance

inherit 5.kin(kin-ship)親戚

6.legitimate 使合法；cohabit

legislation

legal(illegal)7.paternal 父系的 Maternal

母系的 8.proximity 親近

9.sentiment 情感；mentor 10.sibling 兄弟(死不離)

Friendship Target Words 1.affection 喜愛

affectation 矯揉造作

effect(side-effect)2.associate；聯(lián)系social connection

association 3.bond 契約 在board 上on簽的 4.clique 私黨 5.confide 信賴 6.exclusive 排外的 7.fluctuate 動(dòng)搖 8.in common 9.solidarity 團(tuán)結(jié) 10.willing adj.樂意的, 心甘情愿的, 自愿的

Passion Target Words 1.complex；complicated 2.despondent 喪氣的 3.devotion；devote；vote 4.dilemma 5.endanger 6.loyal；royal 7.passion 8.proliferation 分芽繁殖 9.reciprocity 互惠主義 10.vanish=perish

Negative Emotions Target Words 1.antipathy 反感；sympathy 2.arrogantly；arrogant 自大 3.berate 嚴(yán)責(zé)；

4.contemptuous 藐視(tempt);seduce 5.despise 鄙視 6.humiliation 羞辱

humble 7.obnoxious 可憎的；notorious 8.shame 9.stigmatize(使勁的罵)給….帶來恥辱 Children in single-parent families must not be stigmatised.10.vitriolic

adj.尖酸刻薄的

【記】vitri玻璃, olic: 玻璃是尖的－尖酸刻薄的

【反】soothing(adj 撫慰的)

400托福必考詞匯之七

Social Rebels Target Words 1.adolescent 2.cause 3.conflict

4.delinquency 行為不良

5.fringe 邊緣;劉海兒;edge 邊 6.hedonistic 享樂的

7.hypocritically 虛偽的;hypo 癮君子 8.manipulation 處理 9.rebel 反叛者

10.status quo 現(xiàn)狀

Painting and Sculpture Target Words 1.abstract 2.context 3.depict

4.dimension 容積 5.esthetic 審美的

6.intrinsic 內(nèi)在的；instinct 7.perspective 8.portrayal 描繪 portray 9.realism 寫實(shí)主義 10.spectrum 范圍

The Written Word Target Words 1.advent

2.ambiguous 模棱兩可 3.connotation 含義 notion 4.decipher 解釋=explain 5.denote 指示 6.illiterate 文盲 7.ingenious 機(jī)靈的 8.inscription 題字 9.phonetic 語音的 10.symbolic 代號

Entertainment Target Words 1.amateurish 業(yè)余愛好的 2.cast 投擲

3.charismatic 有魅力的 4.gala 晚會

5.hilarious 歡鬧的

6.improvisation 即興演講off-hand talk 7.incompetent 8.medium 9.skit 滑稽短劇

10.zeal 熱情eager；eagle

Risky Fashions

give an Target Words 1.bulk 大塊

2.capricious 任性的 3.cumbersome 笨重的 4.exotic 異國的

5.inhibit 禁止;prohibited 6.minimum 7.striking 引人注目的 8.trend 9.vanity 自負(fù) 10.vulnerable