第一篇：2013衛生類 閱讀理解 完形填空目錄

2013衛生類 閱讀理解 完形填空目錄

第一篇納米保健技術走向貧困國家Bringing Nanotechnology to Health Care for the Poor

第二篇醫學雜志Medical Journals

第三篇廚房油煙可致癌Cooking Oil Fumes Cause Tumor

第四篇孕期婦女宜多補充多維制劑Multivitamins Urged for All Pregnant Women第五篇美國人吃鹽過量U.S.Eats Too Much Salt

第六篇自行車的危險Pushbike Peril

第七篇深夜喝咖啡Late-night Drinking

第八篇Eat Healthy（2012新增，2012年4月真題）

第九篇美國將在一月啟動一項耗資三十二億美元的兒童健康研究項目U.S.to Start $.Billion Child Health Study in January

第十篇換抽雪茄Cigars Instead?

第十一篇失眠Sleeplessness

第十二篇關于感冒的常識Common-cold Sense

第十三篇藥反應——至死的主要原因Drug Reactions—A Major Cause of Death

第十四篇夢Dreams

第十五篇樂觀情緒助你遠離感冒Warm People Likely to Keep Cold at Bay第十六篇睡眠（綜合C+衛生C）Sleep

第十七篇食用土豆能促進我們的免疫系統Eating Potatoes Gives Your Immune System a Boost

第十八篇老年糖尿病患者進行體育鍛煉可以取代胰島素治療Exercise Can Replace Insulin for Elderly Diabetics

第十九篇Prolonging Human Life（2012新增）

第二十篇FDA：人畜排泄物危及農產品FDA: Human Animal Waste Threatens Produce

第二十一篇早期或稍晚期的日托Early or Later Day Care

第二十二篇被饑荒顛覆的埃及Egypt Felled by Famine

第二十三篇產后抑郁癥——婦女自殺的罪魁禍首After-birth Depression Blamed for Woman’s Suicide

第二十四篇Sleep Lets Brain File Memories（2012新增）

第二十五篇諾貝爾獎的公布從醫學獎開始．Medicine Award Kicks off Nobel Prize Announcements

第二十六篇肥胖癥——西方世界的災禍Obesity: the Scourge of the Western World

第二十七篇艾滋病治療的新突破（2012新增，2012年4月真題）New Attempts to Eradicate AIDS Virus

第二十八篇農業作物的病害Diseases of Agricultural Plants

第二十九篇肥 胖 癥Obesity

第三十篇安靜和致死Silent and Deadly

第三十一篇動物間的間隔距離Spacing in Animals

第三十二篇果汁和蔬菜汁與水果和蔬菜一樣對人體有益Fruit and Vegetable Juices as Beneficial to Health as Fruits and Veggies

第三十三篇非運動場所滑冰與損傷In-line Skating and Injuries第三十四篇 Who Want to Live Forever?（2012新增）

第三十五篇單親幼兒最出色Single-parent Kids Do Best

第三十六篇日光有害兒童健康Dangerous Sunshine to Children第三十七篇發現高血壓藥品可降低中風的危險Hypertension Drugs Found to Cut Risk of Stroke

第三十八篇懷孕異常會降低乳腺癌發生率Pregnancy Anomalies May Lower Breast Cancer Risk

第三十九篇泳池監護Pool Watch

第四十篇Some People Do Not Taste Salt Like Others（2012新增，2012年4月真題）第四十一篇腎病和心臟病相互刺激Kidney Disease and Heart Disease Spur Each Other

第四十二篇早老性癡呆研究的新進展More about Alzheimer’s Disease第四十三篇視力損傷的學生的教育Education of Students with Vision Impairments

第四十四篇水 污 染Water Pollution第四十五篇DNA指紋DNA Fingerprinting

第四十六篇營養不良Malnutrition

第四十七篇治療AIDS藥物的抗藥性會很快消失Drug Resistance Fades Quickly in Key Aids Drug

第四十八篇智商和基因IQ-Gene

第四十九篇同性戀生物學家A Gay Biologist

第五十篇一千五百萬美國人患有社交焦慮癥15 Million Americans Suffer from Social Anxiety Disorder

【2013職稱英語】衛生類2013教材完形填空目錄及文章word整理

第一篇 Better Control of TB Seen If a Faster Cure Is Found第二篇 Going on a diet（2012新增）（2012年4月真題）第三篇 One Good Reason to Let Smallpox Live第四篇 Diet，Alcohol Linked to Nearly One Third of Cancers第五篇 Men Too May Suffer from Domestic Violence*第六篇 Once-daily Pill Could Simplify fflV Treatment *第七篇 Exercise*第八篇 Old And Active（2012新增）（2012年4月真題）*第九篇 Many Women Who Beat Cancer Don't Change Habits*第十篇 Hospital Mistreatment+ 第十一篇 Migrant Workers+ 第十二篇 Dreams（2012新增）（2012年4月真題）

+ 第十三篇 Scientists Develop Ways of Detecting Heart Attack+ 第十四篇 Homosexuals（2012新增）+ 第十五篇 Is Your Child's Stomach Pain All in His Head（2012新增）

第二篇：完形填空和閱讀理解

完形填空

閱讀下面短文，從36—55各題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項.My car and my best friend

For most, getting your first car opens up a new world of freedom and allows you to go wherever you want, whenever you want.Getting a car did1this for me, and it also brought my best friend and me2.But then it tore us apart(分開).My best friend lives three minutes from my3.Since her4is in late summer, seven months behind mine, I basically became her5when I turned 16 in December.And so I6her up for school and took her home.We made ice-cream7, went shopping and to the movies―all in my car.I would drive to her house just to sit on her bed, read magazines and have a good laugh.I went to her house so8that she gave me a key9her house.A week after I got my license（駕照），she was with me10I had my first accident.She was there and11me and we kept it a12, since I didn’t want people to13.From then on, through thick and thin(共患難), it was just me , my car and my best friend.High school is a time of14, but I couldn’t15for a long time16we became so distant（疏遠）after being so close.My friend waited three months after her birthday to get her dream car：a green 2004 Beetle.With its17, the passenger seat of my car became18.Our car trips became less frequent(頻繁的)19I didn’t even drive down her street.It’s funny how a car can change a relationship so much.I had wanted her to get a car, but once she did, I20it.I wanted her friendship back, even if it couldn’t be the same.1.A.someB.anyC.noneD.all

2.A.closerB.fartherC.luckierD.happier

3.A.neighborB.schoolC.homeD.family

4.A.holidayB.birthdayC.courseD.job

5.A.guideB.followerC.partnerD.driver

6.A.pickedB.wokeC.calledD.hurried

7.A.partiesB.tripsC.plansD.classes

8.A.happilyB.oftenC.hardlyD.seldom

9.A.toB.onC.ofD.for

10.A.while

11.A.savedB.butC.whenD.after B.suggestedC.advisedD.comforted

B.secretC.prideD.joke 12.A.favorite

13.A.helpB.seeC.knowD.laugh

14.A.changeB.disappointment C.friendshipD.excitement

15.A.believeB.answerC.imagineD.understand

16.A.whenB.where

17.A.arrival

C.howD.what C.returnD.beauty 1 B.dream

18.A.brokenB.crowded

20.A.lostB.received

閱讀理解 C.emptyC.enjoyedD.different D.beforeD.regretted 19.A.howeverB.untilC.as

(A)

Fifteen people were killed and 38 others injured in a road accident early Wednesday morning in Enshi,Central China's Hubei Province．The bus，travelling from Wanzhou in Southwest China's Chongqing Municipality to Shenzhen in South China's Guangdong Province，had 53 passengers on board, three more than permitted．

At around 1 am on Wednesday，the bus increased speed gradually on a curve（彎路）and plunged more than 30 metres into a valley below.Thirteen people，including one of the two drivers，died at once.Two others died on the way to hospital．

Although the cause of the accident is still unclear，the local police said the driver paid no attention to the official warning signs on the expressway．It hit a section which had been closed as a result of snow.Because of the freezing weather and icy roads，the expressway had been closed by police since Tuesday morning． But the bus drivers took the dangerous route，paying no attention to the warnings．

The rescue team, which included more than 30 medical workers and 120 local villagers，joined together and rushed to the scene at the news of the accident．By 5 am, all of the injured had been sent to three local hospitals for emergency treatment．A hospital source said most of the patients were in a stable（穩定的）condition but a few were still in danger．

According to a 2002 national public opinion poll, traffic accidents ranked as people's third biggest security concern．

1． When the accident took place，＿＿＿＿．

A．the bus was on the way to ShenzhenB．most of the passengers were sound asleep

C．all the passengers were given immediate rescueD．it was snowing hard

2． The expressway was closed to ＿＿＿＿．

A．protect the passengers from being frozenB．make the police have a good rest

C．stop cars traveling aroundD．avoid the happening of traffic accidents

3．The passage is about ＿＿＿＿．

A． how a road accident took placeB． safety measures

C． a terrifying accidentD． the basic rules for safety

(B)

For the first time in Hong Kong's history，an entertainer has been written into middle school textbooks.He is considered one of the best actors in Hong Kong.Yes，he is Chow Yun fat．

The example of his long hard struggle for success has been used in a chapter in a Hong Kong middle school textbook．Using his experience，students can learn to make the most of their time and to grab every opportunity to succeed．

On hearing about this，Chow said happily，“I really hope that my experiences can make young people understand that one should not be afraid of difficulties and setbacks（挫折），for they are the only way to success．”

Indeed，Chow has travelled a long and difficult path to reach his success．In 1955，he was born into a poor family in Hong Kong.When he was 17，he had to leave school．He worked in a number of jobs—as a postman，camera salesman and taxi driver.These experiences paved the way for him to play all kinds of roles later in life．

Chow broke into the film industry in the late 1970s.He was one of the hardest working actors and starred in a number of popular TV dramas and films including “Shanghai Bund”（《上海灘》）and “A Better Tomorrow”． Since 1985，he has won many awards including Taiwan's Golden Horse Awards and Hong Kong Film Awards.In 1995, he went to Hollywood． Although he was already in his 40s, he had to learn English．He even put chopsticks in his mouth to practise pronouncing certain sounds.His film，“Crouching Tiger，Hidden Dragon”，began to gain him more fame and recognition around the world．In 1998，the mayor of Chicago set aside January 12 as “Chow Yun fat Day．”

4．Chow Yun fat has been written into middle school textbooks mainly because________．

A.he plays best in Hong KongB.he keeps on struggling for success

C.his experiences are very specialD.he is well thought of

5．Chow felt_________when he learned that he had been written into middle school textbooks．

A． surprisedB． happyC． sadD． shy

6．What can we infer from the passage？

A． Chow Yun fat is proud of his success．

B． Chow Yun fat is popular both at home and abroad．

C． Chow Yun fat prefers to make a living by selling cameras rather than by performing．

D． Chow Yun fat has won more awards than other actors．

7．The underlined sentence（in Paragraph 6）suggests ＿＿＿＿．

A． chopsticks is of great help to practise English pronunciation

B． Chow Yun fat is willing to struggle with difficulties

C． Chow Yun fat has suffered a lot since he went to Hollywood

D． it is hard for a person who is over 40 years old to learn spoken English

8.The author wrote this passage to ＿＿＿＿．

A.introduce Chow's way to success

B.praise Chow for his excellent performance

C.call on people to learn from Chow

D.show why Chow is popular

III．完形填空

36-40 DACBD41-45 ABBAC46-50DBCAD51-55 CACBD IV． 閱讀理解

56-58 ADC59-63 BBBBC

第三篇：2014職稱英語衛生類A級完形填空及譯文

2014職稱英語教材-衛生類A級5篇完形填空及參考譯文（紅色為書中選項答案）

+11Migrant Workers

In the past twenty years, there has been an increasing tendency for workers to move from one country to another.some newly independent countries have understandably restricted most jobs to local people, others have attracted and welcomed migrant workers.This is particularly the case in the Middle East,1increased oil incomes have enabled many countries tooutsiders to improve local facilities.the Middle East has attracted oil-workers from the USA and Europe.It has brought in construction workers and technicians from many countries,South Korea and Japan.In view of the difficult living and working conditions in the Middle East, 2 it is notthat the pay is high to attract suitable workers.Many engineers and technicians can earn at leastmoney in the Middle East as they can in their own country, and this is a major attraction.An allied benefit is the low taxation or complete lack of it.3 This increases the net amount of pay received by visiting workers and is very popular with them.Sometimes a disadvantage has a compensating advantage., the difficult living conditions often lead to increased friendship when workers have to depend on each othersafety and comfort., many migrant workers can save large sums of money partlythe lack of entertainment facilities.The work is often complex and full of problems but this merely presents greater challenge to engineers who prefer to find solutionsproblems rather than do routine work in their home country.One major problem whichmigrant workers in the Middle East is that their jobs are temporary ones.They are nearly always on contract, so it is not easy for them to plan ahead with great confidence.This is to be expected since no country welcomes a large number of foreign workers as permanent residents., migrant workers accept this disadvantage, along with others, because of thefinancial benefits which they receive.+ 12Dreams

Everyone can dream．Indeed, everyone does dream．Those whothat they never dream at all actually dreamas frequently as the rest of us,they may not remember anything about it．Even those of us who are perfectlyof dreaming nightnight very seldom remember those dreams indetail but merely retain an untidy mixture of seemingly unrelated impressions.Dreams are not simply visual-we dream with all our, so that we appear to experience sound, touch, smell, and taste．

One of the world's oldestwritten documents is the Egyptian Book of Dreams．This volume is about five thousand years old, so you canthat dreams were believed to have a

special significance even then．Many ancient civilizations believed that younever ask a sleeping person as, during sleep, the soul had left the body and might not be able to returntime if the sleeper were suddenly.From ancient times to the present,people have beenattempts to interpret dreams and to explain their significance．There are many books available on the subject of dream interpretation．although unfortunately there are almost as many meanings for a particular dreamthere are books．

+13

Scientists Develop Ways of Detecting Heart Attack

German researchers havea new generation of defibrillators and early-warning software aimed at offering heart patients greater protectionsudden death from cardiac arrest.In Germany alone around 100,000 people die annually as a result of cardiac arrest and many of these casesby disruption to the heart’s rhythm.Those most at risk are patients who havesuffered a heart attack, and for years the use of defibrillators has proved useful in diagnosingdisruption to heart rnythms and correcting them automatically by intervening within seconds.These devicesa range of functions, such as that of pacemaker.Heart specialists at Freiburg’s University Clinic have now achieved a breakthrough with an implanted defibrillator of generating a six-channel electrocardiogram(ECG)within the body.This integrated system allows early diagnosis ofblood-flow problems and a pending heart attack.It will be implanted in patients for the first time this year.Meanwhile, researchers at the Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Mathematics in Kaiserslautern have developed new computer software that renders of ECG data The overwhelmingof patients at risk will not have an implanted defibrillator and must for this reason undergo regular ECGs.“Many of the current programs onlyinto account a linear correlation of the data.We are, however, making usea non-linear process that reveals the chaotic patterns of heart beats as an open and complex system,” Hagen Knaf says, “changes in the heart beats over time can be monitored and individual variations in patients taken into account.” An old study of ECG data, based600 patients who had suffered a subsequent heart attack, enabled the researchers to compare risks and to showthe new software evaluates the data considerably better.+14YoungAdultsWho ExerciseGetHigherIQScores(新增)

Young adults who are fit have a higher IQ`and are moreto go on to university, reveals a major new study carried out at the Sahlgrenska Academy and Sahlgrenska University Hopital.The results were recently published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences(PNAS).The study involved 1.2 million Swedish men doing military service who were

born between 1950 and 1976.The research group analysed theof both physical and IQ tests the youngsters took right after they started serving the army.The study shows a clear linkgood physical fitness and better results for the IQ test.The strongest links are for thinking and verbal comprehension,But it is only fitness that plays a in the results for the IQ test,and not strength,”Being fit means that you also have good heart and lungand that your brain gets plenty of ,” says Michael Nilsson, professor at the Sahlgrenska Academy and chief physician at the Sahogrenska University Hospital.”This may be one of the reasonswe can see a clear link with fitness, but not with muscular.We are also seeing that there are growth factors that are important.”

By analysing data for twins,the researchers have beento determine that it is primarily environmental facors and not genes that explain the link between fitness and a IQ.“We have also shown that those youngsters whotheir physical fitness between the ages of 15 and 18 increase their cognitive performance,”says Maria Aberg, researcher at the Sahlgrenska Academy and physician at Aby health centre.”This being the case, physicalis a subject that has an important place in schools,and is an absolute must if we want to do well in maths and other theoretical subjects.”

The researchers have also compared the results from fitness testsnational service with the socio-economic status of the men latter in,Those who were fit at 18 were more likely to go into higher education,and many secured more qualified jobs.+15Life Expectancy in the Last Hundred Years

A hundred years ago，life expectancy in developed countries was about 47: in the early 21st century, men in the United States and the United Kingdom can expect to live to about 74.Women to about 80, and theseare rising all the time.What has broughtthese changes? When we look at the lifeof people l00 years ago, we need to look at the greatestof the time.In the early 20th century, these were the acute and ofteninfectious diseases such as smallpox.Many children died very young from these diseases and others, and the weak and elderly were always at risk.In theworld these diseases are fartoday,90 and in some cases have almost disappeared.A number ofshave led to this: improvements in sanitation and hygiene, the discovery and use of antibiotics, whichbacterial diseases much less dangerous, and vaccinationscommon diseases., people's generalhealth has improved with improvements in our general environment: cleaner air, better means of preserving food，better and warmer housing，and better understanding of nutrition.Genetically，we should all be able to live to about 85 butpeople do live longer today, there are still some big killers around that are preventing US from consistently reaching that age.The problems that affect people today are the more chronic illnesses, such as heart disease and strokes, and thoseby viruses, such as influenza and AIDS l.Of course, cancer is a huge

killer as well.In most cases these diseases affectpeople, but there are worrying trends in the developed world with problems such as obesitymore heart disease and illnesses such as diabetes at younger ages.The killers today can be classed as “lifestyle diseases”，which means that it may be possible to halt their progress.移民工人

在過去的20年，工人從一個國家到另一個國家的趨勢越來越大。一些剛剛獨立的國家把大部分工作留給當地人，這一點是可以理解的，而另一些卻吸引和歡迎移民工人。中東地區的情況尤為如此。那里增加的石油收入使很多國家能夠召集外面的人來改進本地設施。因此中東吸引了來自美國和歐洲的石油工人。它還從包括韓國和日本的許多國家引入了建筑工人和技師。

由于中東地區艱苦的生活和工作條件，吸引合適的工人的費用是很高的，這不足為奇。許多工程師和技師在中東至少可以掙到他們在自己國家兩倍的收入，這是最大的吸引力。一個相關的好處是這里的稅收低，或者根本就不收稅。這增加了來訪工人的凈收入，而且很受他們歡迎。

有時一個劣勢就有一個補償的優勢。例如，艱苦的生活條件常常導致更深的友誼，因為工人們為了安全和舒適必須互相依賴。同樣，許多移民工人能夠存很多錢，部分原因是因為那里缺少娛樂設施。工作通常是復雜的，而且充滿問題，但是這會向那些更愿解決問題而不是在自己國家里做例行工作的工程師們提出更大的挑戰。

影響中東的移民工人的一個主要問題是他們的工作是暫時性的。他們幾乎都是合同工，所以要讓他們很有信心地事前做出計劃是很難的。人們希望這樣，是因為沒有一個國家歡迎大量的外國工人作為永久居民。無論如何，移民工人像接受其他不足一樣接受這個不足，因為他們得到的是可觀的經濟利益。夢之閑話

人人都會做夢，也確實每個人睡覺都做夢。那些聲稱睡覺從來不做夢的人其實都有做夢，而且做夢的頻次與其他人一樣，只是他們從來記不住自己做的夢而已。即使是那些能清楚地意識到自己夜復一夜都在做夢的人也很少能夠把那些細節都描述得淋漓盡致，能記住的也只是一些看起來毫無關聯的印象與場景組成的一團混沌。夢境不僅僅是視覺的，我們做夢的時候會牽動我們的各種器官，所以我們在夢里似乎能夠聽到聲音，能觸摸到，還能嗅到氣味，甚至嘗到味道。

埃及的《夢幻書語》是目前世界上所發現的最早關于夢的文本記載。這本書大概5000年的歷史，我們可以發現在那個年代，人們就已經相信夢特有的重要性。在很多古老的文明中，人們都堅信不能驚醒睡夢中的人，因為在睡夢中，人的靈魂都會離開身體，如果別驚醒，靈魂也許就不能及時回到身體里。

從古到今，人們就一直試圖解析夢境以及其重要性。目前市面上就有很多關于解夢的書，遺憾的是，對于同一個夢，有多少本書就會有多少種解釋。

13科學家探索發現心臟病的方法

德國研究者們發明了新一代的除顫器和旨在為心臟病人提供更多保護，使他們免遭心臟

停止導致的突然死亡的早期預報軟件。

僅在德國每年就有10萬人死于心臟停止。其中大部分是由于心律中斷導致的。危險最大的是那些已經犯過一次心臟病的病人。幾年來除顫器被證實在控測心律中止和在幾秒中內實施自動干涉以調整心律的診斷中是有用的。這種方法起到了很多作用，例如起博器。

弗萊伯大學診所的心臟病專家已經在內置除顫器方面取得了突破性成就。這種除顫器可以在體內產生六個頻道的心電圖。這個綜合體系使血液流通總是和即將發生的心臟病可被早些診斷出來。今年它將第一次被植入病人體內。同時，凱瑟勞特的弗勞胡佛實用數學學院的研究者開發了一種新計算機軟件。這種軟件使心電圖數據更加準確。

大部分有風險的患 者不能用內置除顫器，因此必須接受常規的心電圖檢查。“目前的許多計劃只把數據的線形關系考慮在內。但是我們現在使用的是能夠將心臟跳動的混亂模工作為一個直觀而又復雜的系統提示出來的非線性處理方法”。海根·納夫說，“這樣心臟跳動頻率的變化就會受到控制，而病人個人的特征也會得到考慮。”一個基于600位犯心臟病的患者的以前的心電圖數據研究使科學家們能夠比較兩種風險，結果顯示新軟件明顯能更好地處理心電圖數據。

14運動的年輕人智商更高(新增)

瑞典哥德堡大學健康校醫院的科學研究院和該校校醫院的一項最新研究表明，身體健康的年輕人智商更高，進入大學學習的可能性也更高。

研究結果發表在美國國家科學院學報上。這項研究的取樣樣本是1950-1976年入伍的120萬瑞典新兵。這些新兵們報到時接受了體能測試和智能測試，研究員對這兩類測試數據進行了分析。

研究表明，健康的體能和優秀的智能測試結果之間的聯系和明顯的。最突出的就是科學思維和語言理解能力與身體健康有關。但是智商測試結果中只是健康在起作用，而與力量無關。“身體健康是指，一個人心肺功能好，能將充足的氧氣源源不斷地輸入給大腦，”瑞典哥德堡大學健康科學研究院教授和哥德堡大學健康科學研究院校醫院首席內科醫師邁克爾·尼爾森如說，“也許這就是為什么智商測試結果與健康之間存在明顯聯系，而與肌肉力量無關的原因之一。我們還發現生長因子也很重要。”

通過研究雙胞胎的數據，研究人員可以得出結論，智商差異來自后天的環境因素而不是先天的基因，身體越健康，智商越高。

“我們還發現，在15-18歲之間加強身體鍛煉的青少年往往認知能力也較強，”哥德堡大學健康學研究院研究員，ABY健康中心醫師瑪利亞·啊伯格說，“倘若情況果然如此，那么體院應成為學校中一門重要的學科，而且如果我們想要學好數學和其他理論科學，體育課是非常有必要的。”

研究人員還將新兵服役入伍報到時的體格檢查和智商測試的結果與后來他們來生活中的社會經濟地位進行了比較。那些18歲是身體健康的人學歷更高，很多都能勝任高要求的工作。

15上世界人類平均壽命的變化

一百年前，發達國家的人口平均壽命約為47歲，到21世紀初，美英兩國男性平均壽命為74歲，女性約為80歲，人們的平均壽命一直在延長。是什么造成這樣的變化呢？在研究100年前人類的壽命時，我們需要注意當時的一些不治之癥。早在20世界初期，這些不治

之癥經常是像天花之類的急性的高傳染病。許多兒童因此夭折（也有其他原因），年邁體弱的人也總面臨著他們的威脅。

如今，這些疾病在發達國家已經遠不能致命。這一變化歸于許多因素，比如：環境及個人衛生的改善、抗生素的發現及使用（抗生素大大降低了細菌病的危險）以及常見疾病預防疫苗的接種。除此之外，更潔凈的空氣、更好的食物保鮮方法、更舒適溫暖的屋子還有對營養的進一步認識，這些總的環境的改善也促進了人們的整體健康。

從基因角度看，人都能活到85歲。但盡管現在人們壽命確實比以前長了，仍然有一些疾病使得我們不能都活到那個歲數。現在困擾人們的是像心臟病、中風那些更為慢性的疾病，還有像流行性感冒和艾滋病那些通過病毒傳染的疾病。當然，癌癥也是一大殺手。上述疾病大多影響著老年人，但令人擔憂的問題在發達國家日趨明顯，如：肥胖癥產生更多心臟病、糖尿病等其他疾病患者群漸成年輕化。

人們如果把這些疾病歸為“生活方式疾病”，這意味著人們生活方式的改善有可能阻止它們的進一步發展。

第四篇：完形填空與閱讀理解 87Nov

完形填空與閱讀理解 87Nov.23

Once in your school life，you may have kept a diary．But did it ever develop into a（n）continue?

Wang Yi，18，at Yuming High School in Dalian，has kept a diary since her Junior 1 year．Recently，titled Green Apple Is the Subject，．“The teenage ages are the most important 24 of a person’s life．These journals offer me a window for 25 my thoughts and impulses（沖動），” said the Senior 3 student．，．Some passages 29 to small matters，such as how to 30with her friends，teachers，classes and family．Others include of Anderson’s fairytales and historical figures like Wang Zhaojun from 2,000 years ago．

Like many other teenagers，Wang Yi was32 to keep a diary by her teacher．At first，she got 33it because every day was such a routine，．However，she had to finish lots of homework，including a nice flower and bright sunshine．

In Senior 1，college entrance examination．“It．As time went by，38，”she said．

today，with lots of school work as the college entrance examination Wang continues her writing habit． 21．A．wayB．habitC．customD．tendency 22．A．gatheredB．reviewedC．publishedD．pressed 23．A．selectionB．sectionC．contribution

D．direction 24．A．roleB．courseC．setD．period 25．A．rewriting

B．recitingC．regaining

D．rebuilding 26．A．speeding up

B．1ifting upC．building upD．growing up 27．A．titlesB．topicsC．ideasD．talks 28．A．similarB．popularC．ordinaryD．different 29．A．happenB．belongC．relateD．connect 30．A．do

B．deal

C．fight

D．1ive 31．A．pointsB．casesC．opinions

D．chances 32．A．expectedB．supposedC．forcedD．required 33．A．interested inB．tired ofC．good atD．fond of 34．A．struggleB．fail

C．decideD．hesitate 35．A．loveB．1earnC．observeD．find

36．A．realizeB．modernizeC．recognizeD．memorize 37．A．helpsB．doesC．managesD．takes 38．A．languagesB．experiencesC．writingsD．abilities 39．A．Still

B．YetC．Even

D．Since 40．A．drawing

B．going

C．getting

D．coming

There are three kinds of goals：short-term，medium-range and long-term goals．Short-range goals are those that usually deal with present activities，which we can apply on a daily basis．Such goals can be achieved in a week or less，or two weeks，or possibly months．It should be remembered that just as a building is as strong as its foundation，our long—term goals cannot amount to very much without the achievement of solid short-term goals．Upon completing our short-term goals，we should date the occasion and then add new short-range goals that will build on those that have been completed．

The intermediate goals build on the foundation of the short-range goals．They might deal with just one term of school or the entire school，or they could even extend for several years．Any time you move a step at a time，you should never allow yourself to become discouraged or defeated．As you complete each step，you will enforce the belief in your ability to grow and succeed．And as your list of completion dates grow，your motivation（動機）and desire will increase．

Long-range goals may be related to our dreams of the future．They might cover five years or more．Life is not a static（靜止的）thing．We should never allow a long-term goal to limit us or our course of action． 45．Our long-term goals mean a lot．

A．if we complete our short-range goals B．if we cannot reach solid short-term goals C．if we write down the dates D．if we put forward some plans

46．New short-term goals are built upon．A．two years

B．1ong-term goals

C．present activities

D．the goals that have been completed

47．When we complete each step of our goals，．A．we will win final successB．we are defeated

C．we will build up confidence of SuccessD．we have a strong desire for setting new goals

48．It is implied but NOT stated in the passage that．A．those who have long-term goals will succeedB．writing down the dates may discourage youC．the goal is a guide for us to reach our aimD．everyone should have a goal

第五篇：2018年職稱英語試卷結構 - 衛生類完形填空

一、考試時間： 2小時

二、試卷結構及上課思路：

共計65道客觀題組成。總分：100分.第一部分：詞匯選項——15題15分；

（請大家帶字典，每次課花15m)第二部分：閱讀判斷——7題7分；(講解一。重點）

第三部分：概括大意與完成句子——8題8分；(講解二。重點）

第四部分：閱讀理解——15題45分；(講解三。重點）

第五部分：補全短文——5題10分；

（不作重點，最后講，花一節課時間）

第六部分：完形填空——15題15分(講解四。重點）。

其中，最重點和最容易拿到分數的有3個題型：

1、詞匯選項（職稱英語考試允許帶一本紙質詞典）；

2、閱讀理解職稱英語考試一般規律三篇閱讀理解文章其中有1篇可能來自于國家指定教材；（2018年真題中，綜合類;真題中與課本完全一樣的為第38篇why so many children? 課文與5個題目及備選答案連順序都一樣。

理工類;真題中與課本完全一樣的為第43篇 forecasting methods,課文與閱讀內容一樣，但出題的題目及備選答案有變化，不與課本完全一致。

衛生類：

真題中與課本完全一樣的為第45篇 DNA Fingerpring,課文與閱讀內容一樣，但出題的題目及備選答案有變化，不與課本完全一致。

3、完形填空題目可能來自于國家指定教材。（2018年真題中，綜合類;真題中與課本一樣的為第14篇family history。理工類;真題中與課本一樣的為第13篇 better solar engery system:more heat,more bright。

衛生類：

真題中與課本一樣的為第13篇 scientists develop ways of detecting heart attack。

三、考場查詞技巧

1、對于詞匯選項題，建議查詞時最好從B)和C)答案查起，在A)、B)、C)、D)四個選項的情況下，往往B)和C)正確的幾率較大。如2013年答案答案：1——15

adbda，caccb，cadbb。相比而言，b和c出現了四次。A和d出現了三次。因此我們建議在做詞匯選項題時，遇到生詞最好從B)和C)答案查起。這樣如果能從B）或C）中找到答案可大大節省時間。

2、重點查閱單詞的常用解釋

我們都知道一個單詞有時會有好幾個意思。在這里我們告訴大家職稱英語考試中一般都考察該詞語的前三個義項為主。剩下的很多解釋一般不會考察。

3、在確定了正確答案之后，不必為驗證答案而將其他選項單詞全部查一遍，以免浪費做題時間。

4、所查詞匯要抓住重點，要學習根據上下文意思去理解，切記挨個去查。

5、四個備選答案都不懂的，先放在一塊，選做完其他的再到回來查。

四、考試出題思路

（一）詞匯選項(15分)

只從考試用書中出2~3個小題，其余都是從書外出

（二）閱讀判斷(7分)

此部分不從書中出題，因此不要硬背書中內容。短文后有七個句子，需要判斷是A正確、B錯誤，還是C沒有提到。

先不要看短文，要先快速瀏覽(短文后的)七個小題，先畫出“信息詞更加明顯的題。按”信息詞“快速回到短文，找到對應位置再加以判斷。

（三）概括大意與完成句子(8分)

分為兩部分，(1)概括大意：此部分不從書中出題，因此不要硬背書中內容。從短文后的方框中A—F六項里選出一項來概括所要求的段落。

先看A—F六項后概括所要求的段落，重點盯住段落的第一句或第二句，或最后一句。

(2)完成句子：此部分也不從書中出題，因此也不要硬背書中的內容。從短文后的方框中A—F六項里選出一項來接準5—8小題的尾部來完成句子。(a)先看5-8題的結尾部分，根據要求來選A—F的選項。(b)按照上(5-8題)與下(A—F選項)相通相順來選。(c)將5-8題回歸到原文中理解后，再選A—F項。

（四）閱讀理解(三篇短文，每篇15分，共45分)

(1)從指定用書中出一篇，此分數一定要拿到。從書外出兩篇，難度低于書中短文。從指定用書中出的一篇，注意：新增教材

(2)從書外出的兩篇，要采取“查讀法”來作，即：先看短文后的五個問題，畫出“信息詞”，快速按“信息詞”找到位置再按要求作題。

（五）補全短文(10分)P222為例

此部分不從書中出題，因此不要硬背書中內容。短文中有五條線，也就是缺少五個句子。短文后有A—F六個選項，從中選出適合填補到短文中五條線上的選項。注意技巧，確保2個對4分，爭取3個對6分。

（六）完形填空(15分)

從書中(15篇中)出一篇。注意+號的那幾篇。特別注意空白處的“左”和“右”。剩下幾天，注意背誦現有空格出的固定短語等。另外，注意先掌握+號的那幾篇的中文意思。（以2018年真題為例）

“______”代表原來課本的空格，“()”代表真題的位置，總之，考試真題的空格會向前移動或向后移動。

衛生類完型填空

第十三篇 Scientists Develop Ways of Detecting Heart Attack 【科學家探索發現心臟病的方法】

German researchers have __ 1 __ a new generation of defibrillators and early-warning software aimed at offering heart patients greater(51)__ 2 __ sudden death from cardiac arrest.In Germany alone around 100,000 people die annually(52)a result of cardiac arrest and many of these cases __ 3 __ by disruption to the heart’s rhythm.Those most at(53)are patients who have __ 4 __ suffered a heart attack, and for years the use of defibrillators has proved useful in(54)__ 5 __ disruption to heart rhythms and correcting them automatically by intervening within seconds.These devices __ 6__(55)a range of functions, such as that of pacemaker.Heart specialists at Freiburg’s University Clinic have now achieved a breakthrough with an implanted defibrillator __ 7 __(56)of generating a six-channel electrocardiogram(ECG.within the body.This integrated system allows(57)diagnosis of __ 8__ blood-flow problems and a pending heart attack.It will be implanted in(58)for the first time this year.Meanwhile, researchers at the Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Mathematics in Kaiserslautern have developed new computer software that(59)of ECG data __ 9 __.The overwhelming __ 10 __ of patients at risk will not have an implanted defibrillator and must for this(60)undergo regular ECGs.“Many of the current programs only __ 11__(61)into account a linear correlation of the data.We are, however, making use __ 12__ a non-linear process(62)reveals the chaotic patterns of heart beats as an open and complex system,” Hagen Knaf says, “__ 13 __ changes in the heart(63)over time can be monitored and individual variations in patients taken into account.” An old study of ECG data, based __ 14__ 600 patients who had(64)a subsequent heart attack, enabled the researchers to compare risks and to show __ 15 __ the new software evaluates the(65)considerably better.科學家探索發現心臟病的方法

德國研究者們發明了新一代的除顫器和旨在為心臟病人提供更多保護，使他們免遭心臟停止導致的突然死亡的早期預報軟件。僅在德國每年就有10萬人死于心臟停止。其中大部分是由于心律中斷導致的。危險最大的是那些已經犯過一次心臟病的病人。幾年來除顫器被證實在控測心律中止和在幾秒中內實施自動干涉以調整心律的診斷中是有用的。這種方法起到了很多作用，例如起博器。

弗萊伯大學診所的心臟病專家已經在內置除顫器方面取得了突破性成就。這種除顫器可以在體內產生六個頻道的心電圖。這個綜合體系使血液流通總是和即將發生的心臟病可被早些診斷出來。今年它將第一次被植入病人體內。同時，凱瑟勞特的弗勞胡佛實用數學學院的研究者開發了一種新計算機軟件。這種軟件使心電圖數據更加準確。

大部分有風險的患 者不能用內置除顫器，因此必須接受常規的心電圖檢查。“目前的許多計劃只把數據的線形關系考慮在內。但是我們現在使用的是能夠將心臟跳動的混亂模工作為一個直觀而又復雜的系統提示出來的非線性處理方法”。海根?納夫說，“這樣心臟跳動頻率的變化就會受到控制，而病人個人的特征也會得到考慮。”一個基于600位犯心臟病的患者的以前的心電圖數據研究使科學家們能夠比較兩種風險，結果顯示新軟件明顯能更好地處理心電圖數據。

練習：

1.A come up B come up with C come up to D come up against 2.A to B for C with D from 3.A are caused B caused C are to cause D have been causing 4.A easily B readily C frequently D already 5.A disease-producing B health-improving C life-threatening error-correcting 6.A take in B take after C take on D take from 7.A capable B able C skillful D skilled 8.A chronic B acute C recurrent D persistent 9.A precisely B more precisely C precision D more precise 10.A maximum B minimum C majority D minority 11.A get B take C bring D fetch 12.A of B with C for D in 13.A Similarly B In this manner C Otherwise D In this way 14.A in B for C upon D with 15.A what B where C that D when

科學家探索發現心臟病的方法

D 德國研究者們發明了新一代的除顫器和旨在為心臟病人提供更多保護，使他們免遭心臟停止導致的突然死亡的早期預報軟件。僅在德國每年就有10萬人死于心臟停止。其中大部分是由于心律中斷導致的。危險最大的是那些已經犯過一次心臟病的病人。幾年來除顫器被證實在控測心律中止和在幾秒中內實施自動干涉以調整心律的診斷中是有用的。這種方法起到了很多作用，例如起博器。

弗萊伯大學診所的心臟病專家已經在內置除顫器方面取得了突破性成就。這種除顫器可以在體內產生六個頻道的心電圖。這個綜合體系使血液流通總是和即將發生的心臟病可被早些診斷出來。今年它將第一次被植入病人體內。同時，凱瑟勞特的弗勞胡佛實用數學學院的研究者開發了一種新計算機軟件。這種軟件使心電圖數據更加準確。

大部分有風險的患 者不能用內置除顫器，因此必須接受常規的心電圖檢查。“目前的許多計劃只把數據的線形關系考慮在內。但是我們現在使用的是能夠將心臟跳動的混亂模工作為一個直觀而又復雜的系統提示出來的非線性處理方法”。海根?納夫說，“這樣心臟跳動頻率的變化就會受到控制，而病人個人的特征也會得到考慮。”一個基于600位犯心臟病的患者的以前的心電圖數據研究使科學家們能夠比較兩種風險，結果顯示新軟件明顯能更好地處理心電圖數據。